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Yoon S, Yang J, Wang J, Boettner B, Browning C. Child maltreatment and youth exposure to risky environments: Latent class analysis of youth activity spaces. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106952. [PMID: 39053221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment may alter the way that adolescents engage in and interact within the places they visit in their daily routines, namely youth activity spaces. Thus, it is important to understand how maltreatment experiences are linked to adolescents' exposure to environmental and contextual risks within their activity spaces. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the associations between child maltreatment and patterns of risk exposures within youth activity spaces among adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Study participants were 1364 adolescents between the ages of 11 and 17, living in a Midwest state in the United States. METHODS We linked data from the Adolescent Health and Development in Context (AHDC) study and the Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System (SACWIS). A three-step latent class analysis (LCA) was employed. RESULTS Three contextual risk exposure classes were identified: 1) The aggression/violence class (7.7 %); 2) The smoking and drinking class (12.3 %); and 3) The non-risk class (80.0 %). Adolescents with more maltreatment reports were more likely to be in the aggression/violence class compared to the non-risk class. CONCLUSIONS Capitalizing on the novel linkage between administrative child welfare records and ecological momentary assessment (EMA)-based youth spatial/environmental exposure data, we found a positive link between the number of maltreatment reports made to child protective services and membership in the aggression/violence class. Intervention efforts should be directed toward youths with a history of child maltreatment, ensuring that they have access to safe, structured, and non-violent environments during their daily routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, USA; Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Ewha Woman's University, South Korea.
| | - Junyeong Yang
- Graduate School of Education, Kyung Hee University, South Korea
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Division of Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR
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Lev-Wiesel R, Goldner L, Malishkevich Haas R, Hait A, Frid Gangersky N, Lahav L, Weinger S, Binson B. Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse Draw and Describe Their Experiences of Dissociation. Violence Against Women 2024; 30:2655-2673. [PMID: 36794435 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231155172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The paper examined how dissociation is experienced and manifested in the drawings and narratives of female survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Fifteen Israeli women filled out a self-report questionnaire consisting of demographics, traumatic events, and dissociation severity. Then, they were asked to draw a dissociation experience and provide a narrative. The results indicated that experiencing CSA was highly correlated with indicators such as the level of fragmentation, the figurative style, as well as with the narrative. Two main themes emerged: a constant movement between internal and external worlds, and distorted perceptions of time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lev-Wiesel
- Social Work Department, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- The Emili Sagol Research Center for Creative Art Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Limor Goldner
- The Emili Sagol Research Center for Creative Art Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Lee Lahav
- Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | - Bussakorn Binson
- FAA-Emili Sagol Creative Arts Research and Innovation for Well-being Center, CU, BKK, Thailand
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Tapia G, Teysseyre J, Bréhonnet R, Baud A, Gauvreau G, Gray M, Oprescu F. Childhood trauma and alcohol misuse in college students: The moderating role of minimization. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106749. [PMID: 38581770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND History of childhood trauma as a risk factor for alcohol misuse in early adulthood is very well documented. Given the associations between childhood trauma and alcohol misuse, more work is needed to understand the factors that influence this relationship. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma, minimization of such events and alcohol misuse in a French college student sample. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A convenience sampling method was used to recruit students from several colleges located in Western France. The data set included 1180 records with complete responses. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional online survey. Data collection instruments included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short-Form (CTQ-SF) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS The strength of the association between CTQ score and AUDIT total score was increased by minimization score (β = 0.122, p = .07). This result suggests that under-reporting childhood trauma experiences tends to increase the impact of such events on alcohol misuse. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a tendency to minimize threatening childhood events may specifically be related to increased risk of greater alcohol misuse among college students. Therefore, it may be important for clinician to assess minimization of early events in students with a history of childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rémi Bréhonnet
- Groupe Excelia La Rochelle, 17024 La Rochelle Cedex 1, France
| | - Alexandra Baud
- Groupe Excelia La Rochelle, 17024 La Rochelle Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Marion Gray
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
| | - Florin Oprescu
- Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
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Huang M, Hou J. Childhood maltreatment and suicide risk: The mediating role of self-compassion, mentalization, depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:52-61. [PMID: 37633526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a well-established risk factor for depression and increased suicide risk. This study aimed to investigate the distinctive mechanisms of individual types of CM on young adult suicide risk, by exploring the potential mediating role of mentalization, self-compassion, and depression. METHODS A total of 4873 adults completed a survey screening for experiences of CM, self-compassion, mentalization, depression, and suicide risk. RESULTS The path analysis revealed significant direct effects of mentalization, self-compassion, and depression on suicide risk. Moreover, mentalization, self-compassion, and depression mediated the relationship between emotional abuse/neglect and suicide risk, whereas physical neglect contributed to suicide risk only through mentalization and depression. Furthermore, sexual abuse had a significant direct effect on suicide risk, whereas physical abuse did not show any direct or indirect effects. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the study limits its ability to establish causality, and the risk of recall bias in reporting physical or sexual abuse cannot be ignored. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first identification of disturbances in self-compassion, mentalization, and depression that mediate the relationship between various types of CM and suicide risk in young adults. Our findings suggest substantive differences in the impact of emotional CM compared to other forms of CM. Enhancing self-compassion and mentalization abilities could be valuable intervention strategies for individuals with a history of emotional CM. Addressing factors that hinder the recall of relevant subjective experiences of physical and sexual abuse is also critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxia Huang
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jinbo Hou
- Student Mental Health Education Center, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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Zheng X, Chen Y, Zhu J. Sleep problems mediate the influence of childhood emotional maltreatment on adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: The moderating effect of rumination. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106161. [PMID: 37002976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a highly serious public health problem among adolescents in China, and childhood emotional maltreatment has been found to be a risk factor for NSSI. OBJECTIVE Little is known about the longitudinal association between childhood emotional maltreatment and NSSI as well as its underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms. Thus, we hypothesized whether sleep problems mediated the association between childhood emotional maltreatment and NSSI, and whether this indirect effect was moderated by rumination. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 1987 Chinese adolescents (56.1 % males; ages 10 to 14, M = 12.32, SD = 0.53) completed self-report questionnaires regarding childhood emotional maltreatment, sleep problems, rumination non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in three waves. METHODS Structural equation model was used to test a moderated mediation model, with gender, age and socioeconomic status and baseline measures as covariates. RESULTS Childhood emotional maltreatment was significantly associated with NSSI, and this association was mediated by sleep problems. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that rumination intensified the relation between childhood emotional maltreatment and sleep problems as well as the relation between sleep problems and NSSI. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study demonstrate a relationship among childhood emotional maltreatment, sleep problems, rumination and NSSI. Interventions that target sleep problems and rumination may be beneficial for reducing NSSI for at-risk adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zheng
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wu YQ, Liu F, Chan KQ, Wang NX, Zhao S, Sun X, Shen W, Wang ZJ. Childhood psychological maltreatment and internet gaming addiction in Chinese adolescents: Mediation roles of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychosocial problems. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 129:105669. [PMID: 35598385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is a global concern, especially among young children. There have been some suggestions that childhood psychological maltreatment influences the development of IGA, but evidence for this has thus far been lacking. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and IGA in adolescents and the mediation roles of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychosocial problems (depression and social anxiety). METHODS This study recruited 1280 (girls = 690) middle school students with a mean age of 16.09 ± 0.98 years old. All participants undertook a standardized assessment of childhood psychological maltreatment, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, psychosocial problems (depression and social anxiety), and IGA. RESULTS We examined whether the effect of childhood psychological maltreatment on IGA was mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychosocial problems (depression and social anxiety). Both parallel and sequential mediation analysis showed that maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depression mediated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and IGA. CONCLUSIONS Childhood psychological maltreatment is positively associated with IGA in adolescents. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depression both significantly mediated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and IGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wu
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Kai Qin Chan
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Singapore
| | | | - Shu Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Wangbing Shen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, China
| | - Zuo-Jun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China; School of Public Administration, Hohai University, China.
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Family Risk Factors That Jeopardize Child Development: Scoping Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040562. [PMID: 35455678 PMCID: PMC9029255 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligation to protect children is defined by law. However, there is fragility in identifying actual or potential situations that jeopardize their development. This review aims to identify the family risk factors that jeopardize child development. A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence-Based Practice framework and the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The research was carried out on the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MEDLINE Complete, and MedicLatina, with a time limit of 2010 to 2021. The search was restricted to documents written in Portuguese, English, and French. A total of 3998 articles were initially identified. After selecting and analysing, 28 risk factors were extracted from 29 articles. Four categories of risk factors were identified—namely, patterns of social and economic interaction, family characteristics, caregiver’s characteristics, and parenting. The results of this review allow the identification of family risk factors that jeopardize child development. This is significant for Child Protective Services workers as they carry out their risk assessments. This assessment is the first step in avoiding an accumulation of harm to at-risk children and allowing the development of interventions for minimising harm’s impact on children’s development.
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Shahab MK, de Ridder JA, Spinhoven P, Penninx BWJH, Mook-Kanamori DO, Elzinga BM. A tangled start: The link between childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, and relationships in adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 121:105228. [PMID: 34399093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with a history of childhood maltreatment are more likely to experience distrust, feel distant from others, and develop an insecure attachment style which may also affect relationship quality. Furthermore, childhood maltreatment has been linked to several mental health problems; including, depression, anxiety, and alcohol dependance severity, that are also known to relationship quality. OBJECTIVE The current study was designed to investigate to what extent childhood maltreatment is associated with adult insecure attachment and intimate relationships and whether this association is mediated by psychopathology. PARTICIPANTS AND METHOD In a study comprised of 2035 adults aged 18-65, we investigated whether childhood maltreatment was associated with insecure adult attachment styles and the quality of intimate relationships and whether this was mediated by depression, anxiety, and alcohol dependence severity (based on repeated assessments of the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report, Beck Anxiety Index, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test respectively). RESULTS The path model showed an acceptable fit, RMSEA = 0.05, and suggested full mediation of the association of childhood maltreatment with quality of intimate relationships by depression severity and a) anxious attachment (β = -4.0 ∗ 10-2; 95% CI = -5.5 ∗ 10-2, -2.7 ∗ 10-2) and b) avoidant attachment (β = -7.2 ∗ 10-2; 95% CI = -9.6 ∗ 10-2, -4.9 ∗ 10-2). Anxiety and alcohol dependence severity were not significant mediators. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment is associated with a lower quality of intimate relationships, which is fully mediated by depression severity and insecure attachment styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Shahab
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute/Institute for Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Yoon S, Kobulsky JM, Shin SH, Coxe K. The roles of child maltreatment and fathers in the development of substance use in an at-risk sample of youth: A longitudinal study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 118:105130. [PMID: 34052661 PMCID: PMC8292213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite ample cross-sectional evidence linking child maltreatment and father involvement to adolescent substance use, little is known about the longitudinal impact of child maltreatment and father involvement in the developmental course of substance use from early adolescence to late adolescence. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the study was to examine the long-term effects of childhood maltreatment (i.e., maltreatment type, perpetrator identity) and the quality and quantity of father involvement on developmental trajectories of substance use among high-risk youth. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. Study participants included 681 U.S. adolescents who had experienced or were at risk for child maltreatment. METHODS Latent Growth Poisson Modeling was conducted to examine developmental trajectories of substance use at ages 12, 14, 16, and 18. RESULTS Child emotional abuse and greater quantity of father involvement were associated with a higher initial number of substances used, while higher quality of father-child relationships was associated with a lower initial number of substances used. Emotional abuse and greater quantity of father involvement were associated with slower increases in the number of substances used over time. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that engaging fathers and promoting nurturing parenting and positive parent-adolescent interactions may be important for programs and policies aimed to prevent early adolescent substance use initiation. Furthermore, early identification of emotional abuse among adolescents could help to prevent initial polysubstance use onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- The Ohio State University College of Social Work, 1947 N. College Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Julia M Kobulsky
- Temple University, College of Public Health School of Social Work, 1101 W. Montgomery Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Sunny H Shin
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, School of Medicine, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - Kathryn Coxe
- The Ohio State University College of Social Work, 1947 N. College Rd., Columbus, OH 432100, USA.
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Fusco RA. Frequent Marijuana or Alcohol Use in Low-Income Emerging Adults: Impact of Adverse Life Experiences. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:711-717. [PMID: 33749505 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1892140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The transition to adulthood may be especially difficult for those who use drugs and alcohol regularly. While research clearly links adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with later substance use, many studies have explored only a limited range of ACEs, and have focused on the number instead of specific types of ACE. Objectives: The current study examined the role of ACEs on the likelihood of frequent marijuana and alcohol use among a community sample of emerging adults (N = 185). This research builds on and extends previous work by focusing on a low-income sample, examining specific types of ACEs, and expanding categories to include some less studied ACEs. Logistic regression models examined the relationships between ACEs and frequent alcohol or marijuana use. Results: The emerging adults in the current sample experienced many ACEs in childhood, and roughly a third reported frequent (defined as using once a week or more for the past 90 days) alcohol or marijuana use. ACEs associated with both frequent marijuana and alcohol use were time spent in foster care, childhood emotional abuse, and having a close family member or friend who died violently. Alcohol use was further predicted by childhood sexual abuse and witnessing a serious injury or death, while marijuana use was further predicted by childhood physical abuse. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of thoroughly assessing for ACEs when addressing substance use issues in young adults. The negative impact of being in foster care may be overlooked as a trauma beyond the experiences that contributed to entering care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Fusco
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Lucero Jones R, Zielinski M, Bradshaw S, Schleiden C, Shumway ST. The Effect of Past Abuse on PFC Recovery from an Alcohol Use Disorder. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2019.1711280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lucero Jones
- Human Development, Family Studies, & Counseling, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Mazie Zielinski
- Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer Bradshaw
- Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Cydney Schleiden
- Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Sterling T. Shumway
- Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Li ET, Carracher E, Bird T. Linking childhood emotional abuse and adult depressive symptoms: The role of mentalizing incapacity. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 99:104253. [PMID: 31812024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulated evidence suggests that childhood emotional abuse is particularly related to adulthood depression. However, this connection demands further explanation regarding potential intermediate factors. OBJECTIVE This study aims to disentangle the independent effects of emotional abuse on adulthood depressive symptoms by statistically controlling for other forms of childhood maltreatment, and to examine mentalizing incapacity (i.e., hypermentalizing, hypomentalizing) as a potential mediator in this relationship. PARTICIPANTS A general sample of 205 adults were assessed online. METHOD Participants completed a set of self-report measures assessing childhood maltreatment history, mentalizing and depression symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression was employed to assess the independent effect of emotional abuse on depression. Bootstrap analysis was used to test mediation models. RESULTS Emotional abuse continued to exert a significant effect on adulthood depression after controlling for other forms of childhood maltreatment and mentalizing incapacity. A mediation effect between childhood emotional abuse and adulthood depression symptoms via mentalizing incapacity, both hypermentalizing (b = 2.02, 95 % CI [0.96, 3.25]) and hypomentalizing, (b = 1.26, 95 % CI [0.59, 1.99]), was established. CONCLUSIONS This study provided preliminary evidence for hypermentalizing and hypomentalizing as mechanisms whereby early emotional abuse can lead to later depression. A normal to high level of mentalizing capacity might serve as a protective factor to suspend the pathway from childhood maltreatment to subsequent depression and become a promising target in psychological treatments. As cross-sectional data does not allow conclusions to be drawn on causal relationships, longitudinal data in a more representative sample is needed to capture relevant context and further examine our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Tianyu Li
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Carracher
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Timothy Bird
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Lewis T, Kotch J, Proctor L, Thompson R, English D, Smith J, Zolotor A, Block S, Dubowitz H. The Role of Emotional Abuse in Youth Smoking. Am J Prev Med 2019; 56:93-99. [PMID: 30573150 PMCID: PMC6535997 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this prospective study is to examine the role of emotional abuse in predicting youth smoking. METHODS Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. The sample was restricted to those who had an interview at age 12 years and at least one interview at ages 14, 16, or 18 years (n=775). Self-reported smoking at ages 14, 16, and 18 years was the time-varying dependent variable. Peer and household smoking were modeled as time-varying predictors. Type of abuse, youth sex, race/ethnicity, history of child neglect, and study site were modeled as time-invariant predictors. Dates of data collection from age 4 years to age 18 years range from July 1991 to January 2012. Analyses were conducted in 2017. RESULTS After controlling for a history of neglect, sex, race/ethnicity, study site, household and peer smoking, those with physical and/or sexual abuse only, or emotional abuse only, were at no greater risk of smoking compared with the no abuse group. However, those classified as having a combination of physical and/or sexual abuse and emotional abuse were at significantly greater risk for youth smoking compared with those with no reported physical/sexual or emotional abuse (β=0.51, z=2.43, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS Emotional abuse, in combination with physical and/or sexual abuse, predicted youth smoking, whereas the other types of abuse (physical and/or sexual abuse), or emotional abuse alone, did not. Considering the important health implications of early smoking initiation, it is important to document critical influential factors to better inform intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Jonathan Kotch
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura Proctor
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Richard Thompson
- Richard H. Calica Center for Innovation in Children and Family Services, Juvenile Protective Association, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Diana English
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jamie Smith
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam Zolotor
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie Block
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Howard Dubowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Miura PO, Tardivo LSDLPC, Barrientos DMS. Helplessness experienced by adolescent mothers and pregnant adolescents sheltered in institutions. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:1601-1610. [PMID: 29768613 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018235.14152016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The experience of helplessness or abandonment during pregnancy affects the emotional state of women, hindering their disposition in taking care of themselves and their baby. The aim of this study was to understand the emotional experience arising from intra-family violence experienced by institutionally sheltered adolescent mothers and pregnant adolescents. This study is exploratory, descriptive, clinical and qualitive. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a psychologist from the institution and with six adolescents in the institution: one pregnant girl and five mothers. The data showed that helplessness was experienced by participants both during their pregnancy and throughout their lives. The institution was found to be the only place of protection, care and support for adolescents in the puerperal pregnancy period. The adolescents' mothers had also experienced abandonment by either their family members or their partners and the adolescents themselves repeated this abandonment with their own children. This study concludes that violence has consequences for the lives of adolescents, causing immense suffering and a transgenerational repetition of violence, demanding greater prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Orchiucci Miura
- Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Av. Lourival Melo Mota s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins. 57072-900 Maceió AL
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Cloutier RM, Schuler KL, Kearns N, Ruggero CJ, Lewis SF, Blumenthal H. Posttraumatic stress severity is associated with coping motives for alcohol use among in-patient and community recruited adolescents. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2018; 31:500-513. [PMID: 29996679 PMCID: PMC6289047 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2018.1498278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A growing body of work suggests individuals with more severe post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are at higher risk for developing problematic alcohol use outcomes. Extending work from the adult literature, the present study was the first to examine the extent to which PTSS is related to drinking motives for alcohol use in both clinical and non-clinical samples of adolescents. DESIGN Hierarchical regression analyses were used to predict coping motives for alcohol use from PTSS, above and beyond demographic variables, alcohol use frequency, and other alcohol use motives. METHODS Trauma-exposed adolescents before entering treatment (Sample 1 n = 41) and recruited from the local community (Sample 2 n = 55) self-reported on PTSS and alcohol use motives. RESULTS PTSS positively predicted coping motives for alcohol use after controlling for age, gender, and alcohol use frequency. CONCLUSIONS The current study highlights the need to consider both PTSS severity, as well as underlying cognitive mechanisms (e.g., motives), to better understand the etiology of problematic alcohol use among trauma-exposed youth. Future work focused on clarifying the trajectory of alcohol use motives and problems as a function of PTSS is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M. Cloutier
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Keke L. Schuler
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Nathan Kearns
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Camilo J. Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Sarah F. Lewis
- Center for Research, Assessment, and Treatment Efficacy (CReATE); Asheville, NC
| | - Heidemarie Blumenthal
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
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16
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Banducci AN, Felton JW, Bonn-Miller MO, Lejuez C. An Examination of the Impact of Childhood Emotional Abuse and Gender on Cannabis Use Trajectories among Community Youth. TRANSLATIONAL ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:85-98. [PMID: 29930974 PMCID: PMC6005668 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most frequently used illicit substance among youth, with rates of cannabis use escalating across adolescence. One potential factor predicting cannabis use among youth is childhood emotional abuse (CEA), which has been associated with substance use behaviors more broadly. Although CEA may be associated with increased cannabis use in general, it is likely that sex may have an impact on these relations, given that girls are more likely to use substances following abuse experiences than boys. The purpose of the current study as to examine longitudinal relations between CEA and gender on cannabis use during adolescence. The current study included a sample of 206 9th grade community youth (120 boys; Mage = 14.10, 55% European-American) followed annually through the 12th grade. CEA was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and cannabis use was assessed with the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A latent growth model was utilized to examine cannabis use trajectories from grades 9-12. Within our initial model, elevated baseline use was associated with male gender and more severe CEA. Significant predictors of increases in cannabis use over time included elevated baseline alcohol use and the interaction between gender and CEA, such that girls with the most severe CEA had the greatest increases in cannabis use over time. These results suggest the importance of addressing CEA among adolescent girls. Given that cannabis use during adolescence is associated with a host of negative outcomes, targeted efforts to reduce use, through prevention and intervention efforts, is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne N. Banducci
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 251 Causeway St. Boston, MA 02114
- The National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (NCPTSD 324), Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park. 1147 Biology Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Julia W. Felton
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park. 1147 Biology Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742
- Michigan State University, Division of Public Health, 200 East 1 St. Flint, MI 48502
| | - Marcel O. Bonn-Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3440 Market St, Suite 370, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - C.W. Lejuez
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd. Lawrence, KS, 66045
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17
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Pierce J, Abbey A, Wegner R. Mediators of the Association Between Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and Young Adult Men's Life Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2018; 33:595-616. [PMID: 26467933 PMCID: PMC6197802 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515609584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Childhood emotional maltreatment has been linked to a wide range of deleterious physical and psychological adult health outcomes. The present study extends past research by examining the effects of childhood emotional maltreatment on young adult men's life satisfaction through its effects on hostility and perceptions of social relationships. Participants were 423 single men who completed two interviews 1 year apart. As hypothesized, the association between self-reported childhood emotional maltreatment and adult life satisfaction was mediated through general hostility, rejection sensitivity in romantic relationships, and perceptions of male friends' social support. These findings suggest that interventions which address distorted perceptions of romantic partners and friends might reduce the negative impact of childhood emotional maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pierce
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI, USA, 48202
| | - Antonia Abbey
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI, USA, 48202
| | - Rhiana Wegner
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI, USA, 48202
- Rhiana Wegner is now at Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
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18
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Larson S, Chapman S, Spetz J, Brindis CD. Chronic Childhood Trauma, Mental Health, Academic Achievement, and School-Based Health Center Mental Health Services. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:675-686. [PMID: 28766317 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents exposed to chronic trauma have a greater risk for mental health disorders and school failure. Children and adolescents of minority racial/ethnic groups and those living in poverty are at greater risk of exposure to trauma and less likely to have access to mental health services. School-based health centers (SBHCs) may be one strategy to decrease health disparities. METHODS Empirical studies between 2003 and 2013 of US pediatric populations and of US SBHCs were included if research was related to childhood trauma's effects, mental health care disparities, SBHC mental health services, or SBHC impact on academic achievement. RESULTS Eight studies show a significant risk of mental health disorders and poor academic achievement when exposed to childhood trauma. Seven studies found significant disparities in pediatric mental health care in the US. Nine studies reviewed SBHC mental health service access, utilization, quality, funding, and impact on school achievement. CONCLUSION Exposure to chronic childhood trauma negatively impacts school achievement when mediated by mental health disorders. Disparities are common in pediatric mental health care in the United States. SBHC mental health services have some showed evidence of their ability to reduce, though not eradicate, mental health care disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Larson
- San José State University, The Valley Foundation School of Nursing, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192
| | - Susan Chapman
- University of California San Francisco, School of Nursing, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nurse Health Policy Program, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118
- University of California San Francisco, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118
- University of California San Francisco, Healthforce Center, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Joanne Spetz
- University of California San Francisco, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118
- University of California San Francisco, Healthforce Center, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118
- University of California San Francisco, School of Nursing, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences; 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Claire D Brindis
- University of California San Francisco, Philip R. Lee Institute of Health Policy Studies, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Health Services, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118
- Adolescent and Young Adult Health National Resource Center, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118
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19
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Lu FY, Wen S, Deng G, Tang YL. Self-concept mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and abstinence motivation as well as self-efficacy among drug addicts. Addict Behav 2017; 68:52-58. [PMID: 28088744 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is widely accepted as a risk factor for drug addiction from adolescence to adulthood. However, the influence of childhood maltreatment on drug treatment related variables, such as drug abstinence motivation and self-concept, as well as self-efficacy, remains unclear. This study aims at exploring whether self-concept mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and abstinence motivation, as well as self-efficacy, among drug addicts. METHODS This study involves 816 (550 males, 226 females, mean age=34.59, range=16-58 years) drug addicts from compulsory detoxification units. Participants completed questionnaires, including the childhood trauma questionnaire 28 - item short form (CTQ - SF), Tennessee self-concept scale (TSCS), general self-efficacy scale (GSES), and drug abstinence motivation questionnaire (DAMQ). RESULTS The structural equation model (SEM) analysis, including total and specific forms of maltreatment scores, showed that childhood maltreatment was negatively associated with self-concept, self-efficacy, and abstinence motivation. Self-concept was positively associated with self-efficacy and abstinence motivation. Conversely, significant association between self-efficacy and abstinence motivation did not exist. An indirect analysis showed that self-concept mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and self-efficacy. Critically, self-concept arbitrated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and abstinence motivation. The indirect effect of self-concept between childhood maltreatment and abstinence motivation still existed when the total scores of maltreatment were replaced by the scores of specific forms of maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that self-concept is a critical factor in understanding the relationship between childhood maltreatment and abstinence motivation, as well as self-efficacy, among drug addicts. Improving the sense of self-worth may be an effective intervention therapy among drug addicts with childhood maltreatment history.
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20
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Potthast N, Neuner F, Catani C. Automatic activation of alcohol cues by child maltreatment related words: a replication attempt in a different treatment setting. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:17. [PMID: 28057039 PMCID: PMC5217616 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cohen JR, Menon SV, Shorey RC, Le VD, Temple JR. The distal consequences of physical and emotional neglect in emerging adults: A person-centered, multi-wave, longitudinal study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 63:151-161. [PMID: 27923183 PMCID: PMC5282706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the most prevalent form of child maltreatment, the correlates and consequences of neglect are poorly understood, particularly during early adulthood. The present multi-wave, longitudinal study sought to address this gap in this literature by examining physical and emotional neglect in emerging adults in a diverse community sample. 580 adolescents (AgeMean=18.25; AgeSD=0.59; 58.3% female; 31% Hispanic, 28.9% Caucasian; 26.2% African-American; 13.9% other) completed self-report measures for child maltreatment at baseline, and measures for depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance use every year for three years. For our analyses, we used both variable-centered (mixed-level modeling) and person-centered (latent profile analysis) analyses to best understand a) how physical and emotional neglect relate to other forms of maltreatment and b) to determine physical and emotional neglect's unique impact on prospective mental health functioning. Our person-centered analyses revealed that a three-profile model provided the best solution for our data ("No Trauma," "Abuse", and "Neglect"). In longitudinal analyses, the "the neglect" group had significantly elevated scores compared to the "no trauma" group on all outcomes except alcohol use (p<0.01). Results from our variable-centered analyses showed comparable findings between physical and emotional neglect, with higher scores corresponding to elevated symptoms of depression, PTSD, illicit substance use, and cigarette use over time (p<0.01). In conclusion, our results suggest that early neglect-exposure poses a risk for the subsequent development of internalizing symptoms and substance use behaviors among emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Cohen
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, United States.
| | | | | | - Vi Donna Le
- University of Texas Medical Branch, United States
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22
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Tarabah A, Badr LK, Usta J, Doyle J. Exposure to Violence and Children's Desensitization Attitudes in Lebanon. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2016; 31:3017-3038. [PMID: 26013396 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515584337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Children exposed to multiple sources of violence may become desensitized, increasing the possibility of them imitating the aggressive behaviors they watch and considering such behavior as normal. The purpose of this article is to assess the association between exposure to various types of violence (including war) and desensitization in Lebanese children. A cross-sectional design with 207 school-aged children assessed exposure to violence using three surveys: (a) violence in the media (the Media Preference survey), (b) exposure to violence (the KID-SAVE survey), and (c) desensitization attitudes (the Attitude Toward Violence-Child Version). Children were between 8 and 12 years old, 56% were males, and 70%were from middle socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. Seventy-six percent of children reported being exposed to violence, with more exposure in males and in the lower SES group. Impact, however, was greater on girls. The predictors of attitude toward violence were "Frequency" of exposure, "Impact" of exposure, and the amount of violence viewed on television. Children are massively exposed to violence in Lebanon resulting in desensitization, which may habituate them to accept violence as normal and put them at risk for imitating violent behaviors.
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Taillieu TL, Brownridge DA, Sareen J, Afifi TO. Childhood emotional maltreatment and mental disorders: Results from a nationally representative adult sample from the United States. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 59:1-12. [PMID: 27490515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment is a public health concern with well-established sequelae. However, compared to research on physical and sexual abuse, far less is known about the long-term impact of emotional maltreatment on mental health. The overall purpose of this study was to examine the association of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and both emotional abuse and neglect with other types of child maltreatment, a family history of dysfunction, and lifetime diagnoses of several Axis I and Axis II mental disorders. Data were from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions collected in 2004 and 2005 (n=34,653). The most prevalent form of emotional maltreatment was emotional neglect only (6.2%), followed by emotional abuse only (4.8%), and then both emotional abuse and neglect (3.1%). All categories of emotional maltreatment were strongly related to other forms of child maltreatment (odds ratios [ORs] ranged from 2.1 to 68.0) and a history of family dysfunction (ORs ranged from 2.2 to 8.3). In models adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, all categories of emotional maltreatment were associated with increased odds of almost every mental disorder assessed in this study (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.2 to 7.4). Many relationships remained significant independent of experiencing other forms of child maltreatment and a family history of dysfunction (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.2 to 3.0). The effects appeared to be greater for active (i.e., emotional abuse) relative to passive (i.e., emotional neglect) forms of emotional maltreatment. Childhood emotional maltreatment, particularly emotionally abusive acts, is associated with increased odds of lifetime diagnoses of several Axis I and Axis II mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Taillieu
- Applied Health Sciences PhD Program, University of Manitoba, Canada.
| | | | - Jitender Sareen
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Canada.
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Catchpole REH, McLeod SL, Brownlie EB, Allison CJ, Grewal A. Cigarette Smoking in Youths With Mental Health and Substance Use Problems: Prevalence, Patterns, and Potential for Intervention. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2016.1184600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind E. H. Catchpole
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - E. B. Brownlie
- Child, Youth, and Family Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Arvinder Grewal
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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Catchpole REH, Brownlie EB. Characteristics of Youth Presenting to a Canadian Youth Concurrent Disorders Program: Clinical Complexity, Trauma, Adaptive Functioning and Treatment Priorities. JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY = JOURNAL DE L'ACADEMIE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANT ET DE L'ADOLESCENT 2016; 25:106-15. [PMID: 27274746 PMCID: PMC4879950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes clinical characteristics of youth presenting for service at a Canadian youth concurrent mental health and substance use disorders (SUD) program. METHOD Participants were 100 adolescents and emerging adults (aged 14-25) who attended a Canadian concurrent mental health and substance use disorders outpatient program. SUDs were assigned using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Self-reported mental health symptoms, trauma exposure and adaptive functioning were also assessed. RESULTS Eighty-three percent of participants scored over the clinical cut-off on at least one mental health scale and 33% reported at least one suicide attempt. Sixty-six percent met criteria for a current SUD; 96% met lifetime criteria. Exposure to adverse events was nearly universal (94%). Almost half of female (46%) and almost a third of male (31%) participants endorsed symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Youth reported impairment and need for support in multiple domains of functioning, including school, peer, family and mental health. Substance use was least likely to be identified as a treatment priority. CONCLUSIONS High rates of adverse events and PTSD highlight the need for trauma-informed care when providing services to this vulnerable population. Functional impairment in domains related to developmental transitions and tasks underscores the need for a developmental lens and integrated treatment that goes beyond mental health and SUD symptoms and addresses developmentally relevant domains during this transitional age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind E. H. Catchpole
- Outpatient Psychiatry Department, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - E. B. Brownlie
- Child, Youth, and Family Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Zhang W, Ma Y, Chen J. Child Psychological Maltreatment and Its Correlated Factors in Chinese Families. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 31:204-214. [PMID: 27030213 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2015.1088813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the prevalence and frequency of child psychological maltreatment and its correlated factors in Chinese families. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 1,002 parents of primary school students in Yuncheng City, China. Data were collected using the self-report questionnaire anonymously. Results showed that 696 (69.5%) surveyed parents had different extents of psychological maltreatment toward their children in the past 3 months. The high prevalence of parental psychology maltreatment was significantly associated with high scores on parental over-reactivity and low scores on recognition of child psychology maltreatment. These findings indicate that it is urgent to develop cultural interventions to raise parents' awareness of preventing child psychological maltreatment and to help parents use nonviolent child rearing in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- a Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences , Beijing , China
- b Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Yating Ma
- b Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Jingqi Chen
- b Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health , Peking University , Beijing , China
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When abuse primes addiction - automatic activation of alcohol concepts by child maltreatment related cues in emotionally abused alcoholics. Addict Behav 2015; 48:62-70. [PMID: 26001167 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research indicates that there is a link between emotional maltreatment and alcohol dependence (AD), but the underlying mechanisms still need to be clarified. There is reason to assume that maltreatment related cues automatically activate an associative memory network comprising cues eliciting craving as well as alcohol-related responses. The current study aimed to examine this network in AD patients who experienced emotional abuse using a priming paradigm. METHODS A specific priming effect in emotionally abused AD subjects was hypothesized for maltreatment related words that preceded alcohol related words. 49 AD subjects (n=14 with emotional abuse vs. n=35 without emotional abuse) and 34 control subjects performed a priming task with maltreatment related and neutral prime words combined with alcohol related and neutral target words. Maltreatment related words consisted of socially and physically threatening words. RESULTS As hypothesized, a specific priming effect for socially threatening and physically threatening cues was found only in AD subjects with emotional abuse. CONCLUSIONS The present data are the first to provide evidence that child maltreatment related cues automatically activate an associative memory network in alcoholics with emotional abuse experiences.
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28
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Longman-Mills S, Haye WDL, Hamilton HA, Brands B, Wright MDG, Cumsille F, Mann R, Khenti A. Psychological maltreatment and its relationship with substance abuse among university students in Kingston, Jamaica. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-07072015001070014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of substance abuse in Jamaica, highlights the need to understand the drivers of substance abuse. Experiencing psychological maltreatment (emotional abuse and neglect) during childhood has been suggested to be a risk factor for substance abuse. This study investigates the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and adult substance abuse among Jamaican university students. Three hundred and eighty two (382) university students were selected using systematic sampling techniques. They completed a Kessler Psychological Distress Scale questionnaire, as well as items selected from the Adverse Childhood Experiences and CICAD Drug Use questionnaires. 66.7% had experienced psychological maltreatment. Chi-square analyses identified a significant relationship between experiencing psychological maltreatment and substance abuse (p<0.05). This research provides evidence in support of a link between exposure to childhood psychological maltreatment and substance abuse in adulthood.
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Are childhood trauma exposures predictive of anxiety sensitivity in school attending youth? J Affect Disord 2014; 168:5-12. [PMID: 25033472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressful life events in adolescents have been found to be longitudinally associated with higher anxiety sensitivity (AS). A question that has not been addressed is whether AS in adolescence is associated with different childhood adversity exposures. METHODS School attending adolescents (n=1149) completed measures of anxiety sensitivity (CASI), trait anxiety (STAI-T), childhood trauma (CTQ), depression (CES-DC), alcohol (AUDIT) and drug use (DUDIT), and resilience (CD-RISC) and coping orientation (A-COPE). RESULTS There was no significant gender difference in childhood trauma exposure, resilience levels or coping orientation. Gender differences were evident in terms of AS, trait anxiety, depression, alcohol and drug use. Depression, trait anxiety and alcohol use mediated the relationship between the amount of childhood trauma and AS and played a role in the relationship between certain childhood trauma types and AS. Neither resilience nor coping orientation had a moderating effect on the relationship between the amount of childhood trauma and AS. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional study, over- or under-reporting of data due to use of self-report instruments, and use of a retrospective measure of childhood trauma (CTQ) that is subject to recall bias. CONCLUSIONS Girls are at greater risk than boys for early onset anxiety disorders as girls have higher rates of AS, trait anxiety and depression despite the same rates of childhood trauma, coping orientation and resilience. Our findings, in the context of childhood trauma, underscore the influence of depression, trait anxiety and alcohol use as risk factors for the development of AS in youth.
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Bruskas D, Tessin DH. Adverse childhood experiences and psychosocial well-being of women who were in foster care as children. Perm J 2014; 17:e131-41. [PMID: 24355905 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/12-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Research has shown that many children in foster care later have psychosocial problems as adults; this is often attributed to cumulative adversities and a lack of supportive caregivers. The risk factors associated with foster care, such as maternal separation and multiple placements, often counteract many protective factors that can ameliorate the effects of childhood adversities. This study assessed the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and psychosocial well-being in women who were in foster care as children. METHODS A total of 101 women aged 18-71 years (mean, 36.83 [12.95] years) completed an anonymous online survey based on the 10-item ACE Questionnaire, the Sense of Coherence questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire. RESULTS More than 56% of respondents were identified as experiencing current psychological distress. Sense of coherence scores (mean, 54.26 [15.35]) showed a significant inverse association with both General Health Questionnaire (mean, 14.83 [5.88]) and ACE (mean, 5.68 [2.90]) scores (r = -0.64 and -0.31, respectively) and 97% reported at least 1 ACE, 70% reported ≥ 5 and 33% reported ≥ 8. Linear regressions indicated that ACEs reported to occur before foster care were associated with lower levels of sense of coherence (8%) and higher levels of psychological distress (6%). Physical neglect and living in a dysfunctional household (parental loss, maternal abuse, or household member associated with substance abuse or prison) significantly decreased during foster care by 16 and 19 percentage points, respectively. Rates of emotional and physical abuse did not change. CONCLUSION The number of ACEs was associated with the level of psychological distress. Our findings suggest that children entering the foster care system are already vulnerable and at risk of experiencing ACEs during foster care and psychological distress during adulthood. Measures implemented to protect children must not cause more harm than good. Social services that preserve and strengthen the family unit and reduce the number of ACEs both before and during foster care are recommended. Social workers and clinicians who are trained to address and manage the unique developmental needs of children in foster care may help reduce the effects of ACEs and optimize developmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delilah Bruskas
- Founder and Executive Director of Pacific Northwest Alumni of Foster Care in Tacoma, WA. E-mail:
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Potthast N, Neuner F, Catani C. The contribution of emotional maltreatment to alcohol dependence in a treatment-seeking sample. Addict Behav 2014; 39:949-58. [PMID: 24561015 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies reporting a link between child maltreatment and addiction have typically focused on physical and sexual abuse. In contrast, emotional maltreatment has rarely been studied in substance-abusing samples although it is associated with a wide range of dysfunction. The current study aimed to determine the specific impact of different types of maltreatment and peer victimization on alcohol dependence and to examine the potentially mediating role of psychopathology. A sample of treatment seeking adults with alcohol dependence (N=72) underwent an extensive clinical examination including both a standardized interview and self-report measures. Child maltreatment, peer victimization, severity of alcohol dependence, and general psychopathology were assessed. Regression analyses revealed that emotional maltreatment was the strongest predictor of alcohol dependence severity whereas a unique contribution of peer victimization was not found. Our findings suggest that emotional maltreatment might have a major role in the etiology of AD that seems to exceed the contribution of other abuse and victimization experiences. Thereby, the study underscores the need for considering child maltreatment experiences in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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