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Marçal K, Maguire-Jack K, Showalter K. Longitudinal Impacts of Housing Cost Burden on Physical and Psychological Aggression of Children From Age 3 to 15. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024:10775595241276416. [PMID: 39166767 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241276416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Housing cost burden is stressful for families, interfering with healthy, positive parenting. The present study uses data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the relationship between housing cost burden and aggressive parenting with children age 3 to age 15. Latent growth curve modeling finds that both types of aggressive parenting behaviors decline on average, but that housing cost burden contributes to significant ongoing risk. Results indicate within-time associations between housing cost burden and psychological aggression and associations both within- and across-time between housing cost burden and physical aggression. Housing cost burden poses a significant risk factor for families, and child maltreatment prevention approaches must incorporate strategies for addressing housing cost burden.
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Shramko M, Lucke C, Piescher K. Patterns of Social Determinants of Health and Publicly-Funded Service Access among Children Involved in Educational, Child Welfare, and Social Service Systems. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:521-531. [PMID: 38224389 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDOH)-conditions in which children live, learn, and play-affect child health and well-being. Publicly funded services in education and child welfare systems are important resources to support child well-being, but cross-system coordination is rare. Leveraging integrated administrative data from 60,287 6th graders enrolled in public schools in Minnesota, we used latent class analysis (LCA) to examine patterns of cross-system SDOH, including educational services and involvement in child welfare. Five classes emerged. The largest class was characterized by a few multi-system SDOH and had low service needs. Two classes had differing patterns of school service use, one with a greater likelihood of special education service use alone and the other characterized by the use of multiple school services. Two classes were characterized by cross-system SDOH/service use (e.g., homelessness, child protection, placement in care, mental health, and special education services). We then assessed whether race/ethnicity predicted class membership and tested educational distal outcomes. American Indian, Black, and Latinx children had higher odds of exposure to both cross-system SDOH classes. Students facing any SDOH, particularly those with greater multi-system SDOH exposure, had worse attendance and academic achievement. Our study indicates that children are navigating complex experiences of SDOH and service needs, with a disproportional likelihood that Black children, Indigenous children, and other children of color (BIPOC) experience SDOH. Identifying patterns of SDOH provides an opportunity for policymakers and practitioners to intervene to promote health equity. By understanding facilitators and barriers to child well-being, the results inform how child-serving systems can strive toward health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Shramko
- Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- American Institutes for Research, 10 S. Riverside Plaza, 6th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60606, USA.
| | - Cara Lucke
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kristine Piescher
- Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Fitzgerald M, Hall H. Does it add up? Educational achievement mediates child maltreatment subtypes to allostatic load. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106630. [PMID: 38301586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been linked to higher levels of allostatic load (AL) and educational achievement is a possible pathway and may differ across gender. It is also critical to determine if CM severity or specific subtypes of CM are more or less influential. OBJECTIVE This study examined educational achievement as a mediator linking cumulative and individual types of CM to AL and examined gender as a moderator. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Using two waves of data, 897 adults from the study Midlife in the United States were analyzed. METHODS Multiple group structural equation models stratified across gender to test were used cumulative maltreatment and maltreatment subtypes to AL and test gender as a moderator. RESULTS Overall CM was associated with educational achievement (β = -0.12, p < .01) and AL (β = 0.11, p < .05) and education was inversely associated with AL (β = -0.17, p < .001) in men but not women. The subtypes model revealed that physical abuse predicted lower level of education achievement (β = -0.20, p < .001) and among men. Educational achievement, in turn, was associated with lower levels of AL (β = -0.02, p = .002). Educational achievement was a possible pathway linking physical abuse to AL (β = 0.02, 95 % CI [0.001, 0.040]) among men but was non-significant in women. Gender did not moderate any of the pathways. CONCLUSIONS Educational achievement is a potentially modifiable social determinant of health that can be a focus of prevention and intervention efforts among men who were maltreated, particularly for those who experienced physical abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fitzgerald
- 337 Nancy Randolph Davis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Haley Hall
- 337 Nancy Randolph Davis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Compton AB, Panlilio CC, Humphreys KL. What's the matter with ACEs? Recommendations for considering early adversity in educational contexts. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 142:106073. [PMID: 36774310 PMCID: PMC10293056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, some trauma-informed education practices use "ACE scores," a number that represents the sum of endorsed items from a survey derived from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study in 1998. We caution that the survey provides limited information within education, and such scores have limited utility for designing and delivering individualized intervention to support students who have experienced adversity. OBJECTIVE We sought to illustrate why ACEs are not well-suited for use in trauma-informed education, provide definitions for adversity-related terms from which a broader and common understanding of adversity can stem, and provide recommendations for integration of adversity-informed approaches to the educational context. METHODS We compiled definitions of adversity-related constructs and made recommendations based on review of relevant research from the fields of psychology and education. RESULTS Rather than tailoring educational practices to specific children based on the "traumatic" events they experience, we recommend educators focus their efforts on building supportive classrooms geared toward supporting students with best practices drawn from the Science of Learning, and with the understanding that early adversity can influence heterogeneous trajectories in student development and behavior. In addition, further research on educational practices, including the use of a shared language for describing and defining adversity-related experiences, are the concrete steps needed to better support a goal of adversity-informed education.
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Parra-Cardona R, Fuentes-Balderrama J, Cantizano Rioseco L, Monreal Arcil FJ, Correa Molina ML, Martic Guazzini D, Ford Narváez A, Neira González A, Sánchez Ahumada M, Chacón Sandoval A, Marín Montecinos J, Gaete J. Building bridges through cultural adaptation: Examining the initial impact of a culturally adapted parent training intervention for the Chilean context. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:515-533. [PMID: 36747341 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Child exposure to maltreatment and neglect constitutes a significant public health problem throughout Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Although evidence-based parent training (PT) interventions constitute an empirically demonstrated alternative to prevent child maltreatment and neglect, multiple implementation barriers have prevented the large-scale dissemination of evidence-based PT interventions across LAC countries. This selective prevention study consisted of an exploratory quasi-experimental design implemented in Chile, aimed at examining the initial impact of a culturally adapted version of the evidence-based PT intervention known as GenerationPMTO©. The parenting intervention was adapted in a previous pilot study, according to a rigorous model of cultural adaptation. Based on self-reports completed by 281 caregivers, when compared to baseline measurements, significant improvements at intervention completion were observed in the majority of caregivers' parenting practices, as well as child internalizing and externalizing problematic behaviors. This study provides promising initial empirical evidence that efficacious PT interventions developed in the US can be transported to Latin American contexts, as long as they are thoroughly adapted to achieve high contextual and cultural relevance. The rates of child maltreatment across LAC countries constitute an urgent and permanent call for strongly promoting this line of prevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Parra-Cardona
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Chacón Sandoval
- Servicio Nacional para la Prevención y Rehabilitación del Consumo de Drogas y Alcohol, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Marín Montecinos
- Servicio Nacional para la Prevención y Rehabilitación del Consumo de Drogas y Alcohol, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Gaete
- Research Center for Students Mental Health (ISME), Faculty of Education, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio para Mejorar la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes, Santiago, Chile
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Ferrara AM, Mullins CA, Ellner S, Van Meter P. Early child maltreatment and reading processes, abilities, and achievement: A systematic review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022:105857. [PMID: 36089407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with maltreatment histories demonstrate weaker reading abilities compared to their peers. However, the differential processes driving this effect remain unclear. Prior studies focused on social and behavioral factors explaining this effect, yet reading research has shown that one's ability to comprehend written text is driven by a set of underlying dynamic and interactive cognitive abilities. OBJECTIVE This systematic review sought to understand what theoretical or conceptual frameworks researchers cited as guiding their studies, what reading processes and abilities were studied as outcomes, how reading processes or abilities were measured, and what constructs were included to help understand the relationship between maltreatment and reading. METHOD Three databases were searched for empirical peer-reviewed journal articles. Articles retained using inclusion and exclusion criteria were coded based on their sample characteristics, reference to theoretical or conceptual frameworks, reading processes and abilities measured, and included predictors of reading. Procedures were documented using the reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement (Moher et al., 2009). RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included in the final systematic review. Those that discussed theoretical or conceptual frameworks focused on the social and behavioral predictors of reading. Many studies (51.9 %) examined effects of maltreatment on reading achievement, rather than specific reading processes or abilities. Most studies (92.6 %) used at least one standardized reading measure. However, only four studies included cognitive abilities as potential predictor variables. CONCLUSIONS Future research could benefit from investigating specific cognitive and reading-related processes, using measures to examine specific reading processes leading to breakdowns in reading achievement, and incorporation of reading theories to drive research questions and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Ferrara
- 125 CEDAR Building, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Casey A Mullins
- 125 CEDAR Building, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Samantha Ellner
- 125 CEDAR Building, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Peggy Van Meter
- 226 CEDAR Building, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Schickedanz HB, Jennings LA, Schickedanz A. The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Positive Dementia Screen in American Older Adults. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:2398-2404. [PMID: 34782990 PMCID: PMC9360371 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to higher risk of common conditions driving mortality in adulthood, but little evidence exists on whether ACEs are associated with risk of dementia, a leading cause of death in the USA. OBJECTIVE To estimate the relationship between US adults' reported ACE scores and a positive screen for dementia. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of a longitudinal, national population-based survey of US older adults. PARTICIPANTS Survey respondents aged ≥ 65 years with dementia screening data from the 2017 wave of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and ACE scores from the 2014 PSID Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Survey supplement (1,488 eligible participants unweighted). MAIN MEASURES Dementia screening data was collected in the 2017 wave of the PSID using the 8-item informant interview to differentiate normal cognition and dementia (AD8). Mean change in AD8 score and probability of a positive dementia screen by ACE score were calculated using adjusted regression models with post-estimation. Analyses were stratified by age group. Measures were analyzed in 2020. RESULTS Complete data were available for 1,223 (82%) participants, with a mean age of 73.4 years (SD 7.1, range 65 to 96 years). Adjusted estimated probability of a positive dementia screen increased with each additional adverse childhood experience reported. Older adults with ≥ 4 ACEs had higher rates of a positive dementia screen (AD8 score ≥ 2 points) compared to those with no ACEs (adjusted rate 26.6% versus 16.3%, p = 0.034). Compared to those with no ACE history, respondents with ≥ 4 ACEs had higher odds of a 1-point increase in AD8 score across all intervals of the AD8 scale (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.05-3.04). The ACE-positive dementia screen associations were strongest among those aged 65-75. CONCLUSIONS Greater exposure to ACEs is independently associated with higher probability of a positive dementia screen in older adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Bennett Schickedanz
- Department of Family Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1403 Lomita Blvd Suite 102, Harbor City, CA, 90710, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Lee A Jennings
- Reynolds Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Adam Schickedanz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Perry Y, Cuellar MJ. Coping Methods Used by College Undergraduate and Graduate Students while Experiencing Childhood Adversities and Traumas. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:451-459. [PMID: 35600516 PMCID: PMC9120301 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Experiences in childhood, both positive and negative, are crucial to a child's progression. Childhood traumas and adversities are detrimental to children's development and can have long term consequences that manifest themselves in young adulthood. The purpose of this study is to inductively explore coping strategies used by young adults during their experience of childhood traumas and adversities. A sample of college students from a diverse northeastern university (N = 146) provided quantitative and qualitative survey responses. Students were asked, "What were the tools you used to cope with adversity and/or traumatic events?" Participants responded to the prompt based on their experiences from childhood. The researchers analyzed the qualitative data using a mixed-method, thematic approach to coding participant responses. Additional quantitative information is explored to explain emerging qualitative themes. Two salient themes of coping strategies emerged, providing support for Machado et al. (2020): (1) Emotion-Focused Coping and (2) Problem-Focus Coping. Minor themes built on the findings in the area of Emotion-Focused Coping, highlighting processes of (i) emotional regulation, (ii) emotional expression, and (iii) emotional avoidance. Excerpts from this study's participants suggest that individuals dealing with adversities and traumas find a variety of ways to cope. These coping strategies can be implemented into institutions' everyday practices to aid children during their time of vulnerability. The article provides recommendations for school administrators, leadership teams, and any professional specializing in school culture, curriculum, and social work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Perry
- Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave. Dickson Hall, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
| | - Matthew J. Cuellar
- Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave. Dickson Hall, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
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Jiang C, Jiang S. Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Late-life Mental Health: Potential Mechanisms Based on a Nationally Representative Survey in China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 100:104648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Greenfield B, Jolicoeur-Martineau A, Brown M, Kandiyoti A, Henry M, Sasson T, Ahmadi S, Vivani T, Harnden B, de Castro F, Tran B, Boodaghians L, Weiss M, Atsaidis Z, Wazana A. Frequent follow-up of suicidal youth assessed in the emergency room: Long-term trajectory and predictors of suicidality. Prev Med 2021; 152:106737. [PMID: 34538378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Suicide was the second‑leading cause of US deaths in 2018 among 15-24-year-olds. Suicide attempts, a risk factor for completions, and suicide ideation have doubled among pediatric emergency room (ER) patients during the past decade. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), a comorbid condition, has a 10% suicide rate. We examined the 4-year outcome of a cohort of suicidal adolescents, many also suffering from BPD and having undergone some form of treatment, to identify baseline factors which could inform intervention that would minimize suicidality 4 years post-discharge. METHODS We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of suicidality at twelve points (four assessment occasions) for 286 suicidal youth presenting to a pediatric ER, most suffering from BPD, with 36 suicide ratings from baseline to 2-, 6- and 48-month follow-up evaluations. We examined the trajectory and predictors of persisting suicidality. RESULTS Suicidality rapidly decreased within 2 months post-ER-discharge, subsequently remaining low throughout 48 months. Baseline functioning, female sex, stressful life events and BPD impulsiveness were most predictive of persisting suicidality at 48-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Most suicidal youth, many meeting BPD criteria, no longer feel suicidal 2 months after ER discharge. Management of participants' baseline poor functioning stressful life events and the impulsiveness component of BPD specifically in females could impact suicidality 4 years later, and guide treatment options. The absence of the BPD cognitive and affective subscales as predictors of suicidality at 4-year follow-up may reflect treatment received. Further investigation of treatment effects is warranted and under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Greenfield
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau
- Mila, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Brown
- Department of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alegra Kandiyoti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Henry
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - Tania Sasson
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Tania Vivani
- Department of Psychology, Universite de Quebec a Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bonnie Harnden
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Fine Arts, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Filipa de Castro
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Brian Tran
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Levon Boodaghians
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret Weiss
- Child Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zoe Atsaidis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ashley Wazana
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre for Child Development and Mental Health, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Ding R, He P. Associations between childhood adversities and late-life cognitive function: Potential mechanisms. Soc Sci Med 2021; 291:114478. [PMID: 34649168 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Childhood adversity, which is related to negative cognitive consequences, is highly prevalent across the world. Nonetheless, there is still a scarcity of research on late-life cognitive function that accounted for multiple aspects of adverse events as well as the potential mediating mechanism of social context and individual's wellbeing in adulthood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood adversities and late-life cognitive function among the middle-aged and older Chinese population and to determine the mediating role of education attainment, marital status, financial status, and self-rated health in adulthood. METHODS We used three waves of data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015, which consisted of 23 807 participants aged 45 years and older. Generalized Estimating Equation and Structural Equation Model were applied to examine the association between childhood adversities and cognitive function (mental intactness and episodic memory) and the corresponding potential mechanisms. RESULTS Overall, 77.25%, 64.55%, 38.38%, and 15.03% of respondents experienced socioeconomic disadvantage, parental involved trauma, maladaptive parental trauma, and other trauma in childhood, respectively. Multivariate analyses suggest that all four types of childhood adversities were associated with a lower score of mental intactness and the first three were associated with episodic memory. A large proportion of the associations between childhood adversity and cognitive function was mainly mediated by education attainment, self-rated health and marital status in adulthood. CONCLUSION There are negative linkages between childhood adversities and cognitive function in the middle-aged and older Chinese population. Such associations were primarily functioning indirectly through adult social context and health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Ding
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ping He
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Zhang H, Li Y, Shi R, Dong P, Wang W. Prevalence of Child Maltreatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Survey of Rural Hubei, China. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK 2021:bcab162. [PMCID: PMC8499768 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of lockdown measures in Wuhan, China during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on child maltreatment remains unknown. The present study attempted to estimate the prevalence of child maltreatment during this period, to identify risk factors, and the influence of child maltreatment. A representative sample of 1,062 school-aged children in rural Hubei province was surveyed. Results indicated that the prevalence of family violence, physical violence, emotional abuse and neglect during the lockdown period were 13.9, 13.7, 20.2 and 7.3 percent, respectively, and that of lifetime prevalence were 17.0, 13.9, 14.6 and 6.9 percent, respectively. And most victims did not seek official help. Boys were more likely to experience physical violence. Children from separated/divorced families tended to report more emotional abuse. Those having family members with a history of drug abuse and mental illness were more likely to experience neglect during the lockdown period. All types of child maltreatment were positively associated with self-harm behaviours. These findings highlight the importance of identifying at-risk children immediately and implementing timely intervention programmes to prevent self-harm behaviours for social workers and health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhang
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method, Renmin University of China, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence to Huiping Zhang, Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China. E-mail:
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Dong
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, People’s Republic of China
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Washington T, Stewart CJ, Rose RA. Academic Trajectories of Children in Formal and Informal Kinship Care. Child Dev 2021; 92:2299-2316. [PMID: 33913158 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The academic achievement places children on a positive trajectory for their lifespan. The aim of this study was to examine the academic trajectories of children in out-of-home care (OOCH) and whether kinship care has a protective effect relative to nonkin foster care. The sample analyzed for this study consists of 519,306 racially diverse youth in North Carolina schools 8 to 11 years old in the school year 2009-2010 (e.g., 27% African American, 12% Latinx, 53% White). Four longitudinal administrative data sources were merged to create this unique sample. Multilevel modeling revealed no difference between formal and non-OOHC, but showed differences between nonkin foster, informal, and non-OOHC. Children's academic performance who reside in formal kinship care is similar to children in non-OOHC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Joy Stewart
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work
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14
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Canada KL, Pathman T, Riggins T. Longitudinal Development of Memory for Temporal Order in Early to Middle Childhood. J Genet Psychol 2020; 181:237-254. [PMID: 32252609 PMCID: PMC7446139 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2020.1741504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Existing studies examining the development of temporal order memory show that although young children perform above chance on some tasks assessing temporal order memory, there are significant age-related differences across childhood. Yet, the trajectory of children's ability to retrieve temporal order remains unclear as existing conclusions are drawn from cross-sectional studies. The present study utilized an accelerated longitudinal design in order to characterize the developmental trajectory of temporal order memory in a sample of 200 healthy 4- to 8-year-old children. Specifically, two tasks commonly used in the literature were tested longitudinally: a primacy judgment task and an ordering task. Results revealed that, even after controlling for differences in IQ, linearly increasing trajectories characterized age-related change in performance for both tasks; however, change appeared greater for the temporal ordering task. Further, performance on the two tasks was positively related, suggesting shared underlying mechanisms. These findings provide a more thorough understanding of temporal order memory in early to middle childhood by characterizing the developmental trajectories of two commonly used tasks and have important implications for our understanding of children's developing memory more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College
Park, USA
| | | | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College
Park, USA
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15
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Wang H, Zhu G, Chen J, Lyu L, Dunne M. Factors that Influence Chinese Parents' Intentions to Use Physical Violence to Discipline Their Preschool Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051787. [PMID: 32164156 PMCID: PMC7084770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study explored factors affecting parents’ intentions to use physical violence (PV) to discipline their children in the future. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) guided selection of variables. A sample of 1337 preschool children’s parents from nine kindergartens located in a county of Henan Province, China were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. Data on parents’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control over PV, intentions to engage in PV to discipline their preschool children in the future, self-reported PV behavior toward their children during the past three months, and demographic characteristics were collected via a paper-based questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined putative predictors of parents’ intentions to use physically violent discipline. Nearly three-quarters of the sample said they definitely will not use violent discipline, while 23.4% either said they would use it, or did not rule it out. Logistic regression analysis showed that parents’ lower level of perceived behavioral control over using violence (OR 4.17; 95% CI: 2.659, 6.551), attitudes that support PV (OR 2.23; 95% CI: 1.555, 3.203), and having been physically violent with their children during the past three months (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.032, 2.556) were significantly associated with parents’ tendency either to include, or not exclude, the use of violent discipline. Parents’ subjective norms regarding PV had no significant impact on their intentions (p > 0.05). The influence of TPB constructs varied according to parents’ gender. Intervention programs that aim to reduce violent discipline should focus both on increasing parents’ perceived behavioral control over PV and changing their attitudes toward physically violent practices, especially among mothers and parents who have already used PV to discipline their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixue Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (G.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Guangrong Zhu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (G.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (G.Z.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Linjing Lyu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (G.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Michael Dunne
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia;
- Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
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16
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Indonesia’s Orphanage Trade: Islamic Philanthropy’s Good Intentions, Some Not So Good Outcomes. RELIGIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rel11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, Indonesia commenced an orphanage deinstitutionalization strategy known as the paradigm change in child protection. The strategy responded to human rights protocols emphasizing institutional care of children as a last resort. Orphanage based social workers were trained by the Ministry of Social Affairs (MOSA) to implement the paradigm change, increase parenting capacity and strengthen local supports to enable children’s reunification with their families. The paradigm change intended to reduce children coming into institutional care; however, we found a persistent growth of non-orphaned children being recruited to orphanages since 2011 and more orphanages being built to accommodate them. Islamic philanthropic activities were identified as supporting and contributing growth to the orphanage trade. Despite the paradigm change, social workers were financially incentivization to recruit children to orphanages. There were no similar incentives to deinstitutionalize them. This paper uses selective quotes from the larger study, of social workers interviewed, to assist with theorizing the high potential of Islamic philanthropy in supporting Indonesia’s growing orphan trade. We propose that philanthropy, including where there are good faith and good intentions, may be contributing to some not so good outcomes, including trafficking and modern-day slavery.
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17
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Huggins-Hoyt KY, Mowbray O, Briggs HE, Allen JL. Private vs public child welfare systems: A comparative analysis of national safety outcome performance. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 94:104024. [PMID: 31158599 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensuring the safety of American children is one of the chief mandates of the U.S. Child Welfare System. Yet system differences, including privatization remain an area of concern for whether safety of children is achieved. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of privatization policy on the performance of state child welfare systems in terms of achieving national safety outcome standards. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING N1 = 10 states systems (5 privatized and 5 public systems) with N2 = 118,761 foster care cases located throughout the U.S. METHOD Using data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS), safety outcome performance measures were assessed, as were child-/case factors to predict the likelihood of the system types meeting the national safety outcome standards. RESULTS Logistic regression models of child, case, and system factors predicting the likelihood state systems met national safety outcome performance standards were statistically significant. Private systems, compared to non-private systems, were found to have lower odds of meeting the safety outcome 1 standard (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.40-0.42), but greater odds of meeting the safety outcome 2 standard (OR = 6.79, 95% CI = 6.56-7.02). CONCLUSIONS The implementation of privatization policy in state child welfare/foster care service delivery was found to have mixed results in terms of the national safety outcome standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Y Huggins-Hoyt
- Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, 14 Marietta Street, NW, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Orion Mowbray
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, 279 Williams St. Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Harold E Briggs
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, 279 Williams St. Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Junior Lloyd Allen
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodwared Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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18
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Wang H, Chen J, Lyu L. The Relationship between Parental Perception of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy and Physical Violence by Parents against Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in a County of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132306. [PMID: 31261833 PMCID: PMC6651238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children exposed to negative neighborhood environments are at high risk of experiencing violence. This study aimed to explore the effects of parental perception of neighborhood collective efficacy on parental physical violence (PV) to their preschool children in a county of China. A total of 1337 parents from nine kindergartens were recruited by the stratified random cluster sampling method. Data about parental PV behavior toward children during the past three months, parental perception of neighborhood collective efficacy, together with their attitudes towards the use of corporal punishment to discipline children, and demographic characteristics were collected. Their relationships were investigated by applying multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, 67.5% of the parents reported at least one form of PV during the past three months. The rates of minor PV (MPV) and severe PV (SPV) were 67% and 22.8%, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that only social cohesion was associated with lower odds of parental PV and MPV behavior after controlling for covariates. The results suggest that neighborhood collective efficacy is associated with parental PV behavior against their children to some extent, but the effects differ according to the severity level of PV. Neighborhood social cohesion may have a positive role in reducing parental PV behavior in the county surveyed at present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixue Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Linjing Lyu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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