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Pehlivan Ö, Waliczek M, Kijewska M, Stefanowicz P. Selenium in Peptide Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073198. [PMID: 37049961 PMCID: PMC10096412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have been exploring the potential of incorporating selenium into peptides, as this element possesses unique properties that can enhance the reactivity of these compounds. Selenium is a non-metallic element that has a similar electronic configuration to sulfur. However, due to its larger atomic size and lower electronegativity, it is more nucleophilic than sulfur. This property makes selenium more reactive toward electrophiles. One of the most significant differences between selenium and sulfur is the dissociation of the Se-H bond. The Se-H bond is more easily dissociated than the S-H bond, leading to higher acidity of selenocysteine (Sec) compared to cysteine (Cys). This difference in acidity can be exploited to selectively modify the reactivity of peptides containing Sec. Furthermore, Se-H bonds in selenium-containing peptides are more susceptible to oxidation than their sulfur analogs. This property can be used to selectively modify the peptides by introducing new functional groups, such as disulfide bonds, which are important for protein folding and stability. These unique properties of selenium-containing peptides have found numerous applications in the field of chemical biology. For instance, selenium-containing peptides have been used in native chemical ligation (NCL). In addition, the reactivity of Sec can be harnessed to create cyclic and stapled peptides. Other chemical modifications, such as oxidation, reduction, and photochemical reactions, have also been applied to selenium-containing peptides to create novel molecules with unique biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Pehlivan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Waliczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Kijewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Minich WB. Selenium Metabolism and Biosynthesis of Selenoproteins in the Human Body. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:S168-S102. [PMID: 35501994 PMCID: PMC8802287 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922140139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As an essential trace element, selenium (Se) plays a tremendous role in the functioning of the human organism being used for the biosynthesis of selenoproteins (proteins containing one or several selenocysteine residues). The functions of human selenoproteins in vivo are extremely diverse. Many selenoproteins have an antioxidant activity and, hence, play a key role in cell antioxidant defense and maintenance of redox homeostasis, which accounts for their involvement in diverse biological processes, such as signal transduction, proliferation, cell transformation and aging, ferroptosis, immune system functioning, etc. One of the critical functions of selenoenzymes is participation in the synthesis of thyroid hormones regulating basal metabolism in all body tissues. Over the last decades, optimization of population Se intake for prevention of diseases related to Se deficiency or excess has been recognized as a pressing issue in modern healthcare worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar B Minich
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charite, Medical University, Berlin, D-10115, Germany.
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3
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Optimization of elemental selenium (Se(0)) determination in yeasts by anion-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1809-1816. [PMID: 33527180 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed for the speciation of elemental selenium (Se(0)) in selenized yeasts by anion-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS after its chemical transformation into SeSO32- by reaction with sodium sulfite. The presence of Se(0) in the yeasts was further confirmed by single-particle ICP-MS. Indeed, Se nanoparticles, if present, are expected to be, at least partly, Se(0). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a well-recognized technique for chemical element speciation in the solid state, was also used with this objective. Both methods were able to confirm the presence of Se(0) in the selenized yeasts but failed to provide reliable quantitative results. Analytical performances of the HPLC-ICP-MS method were then evaluated for Se(0) determination. Quantification limits of 1 mg/kg were reached. The recovery levels from an added quantity comprised between 93 and 101%. Within-run and between-run precisions were both below 8%. The procedure developed was finally applied to quantify Se(0) content in a series of seven yeast batches from different suppliers. Se(0) was found to be present in all the studied yeasts and represented on average 10-15% of the total Se.
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Zhang X, He H, Xiang J, Yin H, Hou T. Selenium-Containing Proteins/Peptides from Plants: A Review on the Structures and Functions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15061-15073. [PMID: 33315396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential microelement required for biological processes. Traditional selenium supplements (selenite and selenomethionine mainly) remain concerns due to toxicity and bioavailability. In recent decades, biofortification strategies have been applied to produce selenium-enriched edible plants to address the challenges of superior nutritional quality requirements. Plant-derived selenium-containing proteins/peptides offer potential health benefits beyond the basic nutritional requirements of Se. Highly nucleophilic seleno-amino acids, special peptide sequences, and favorable bioavailability contribute to the biological activities of selenium-containing proteins/peptides, such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. However, their applications on a commercial scale are insufficient owing to the complexity of purification and identification techniques and the sparse information on bioavailability and metabolism. In this review, selenium status, structural features, bioactivities, structure-activity relationships, and bioavailability, as well as the mechanisms underlying the bioactivities and metabolism of plant-derived selenium-containing proteins/peptides, are summarized and discussed for their nutraceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiqian Xiang
- Enshi Tujia & Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Hongqing Yin
- Enshi Tujia & Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Yoo HJ, Kim DH, Shin D, Oh Y, Lee S, Lee JY, Choi YJ, Lee SH, Lee KS, Kim Y, Cho K. Recent developments in pre-treatment and analytical techniques for synthetic polymers by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5767-5800. [PMID: 33241791 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A great deal of effort has been expended to develop accurate means of determining the properties of synthetic polymers using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Many studies have focused on the importance of sample pre-treatment to obtain accurate analysis results. This review discusses the history of synthetic polymer characterization and highlights several applications of MALDI-TOF MS that recognize the importance of pre-treatment technologies. The subject area is of significance in the field of analytical chemistry, especially for users of the MALDI technique. Since the 2000s, many such technologies have been developed that feature improved methods and conditions, including solvent-free systems. In addition, the recent diversification of matrix types and the development of carbon-based matrix materials are described herein together with the current status and future directions of MALDI-TOF MS hardware and software development. We provide a summary of processes used for obtaining the best analytical results with synthetic polymeric materials using MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Yoo
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Korea.
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Chen S, Liu L, Tang D. Determination of Total and Inorganic Selenium in Selenium-Enriched Rice, Tea, and Garlic by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1825466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dejian Tang
- Ankang Research and Development Center for Se-enriched Products, Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Ankang, China
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Zheng W, He R, Boada R, Subirana MA, Ginman T, Ottosson H, Valiente M, Zhao Y, Hassan M. A general covalent binding model between cytotoxic selenocompounds and albumin revealed by mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1274. [PMID: 31988319 PMCID: PMC6985102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocompounds (SeCs) are promising therapeutic agents for a wide range of diseases including cancer. The treatment results are heterogeneous and dependent on both the chemical species and the concentration of SeCs. Moreover, the mechanisms of action are poorly revealed, which most probably is due to the detection methods where the quantification is based on the total selenium as an element. To understand the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous cytotoxicity of SeCs and to determine their pharmacokinetics, we investigated selenium speciation of six SeCs representing different categories using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and the cytotoxicity using leukemic cells. SeCs cytotoxicity was correlated with albumin binding degree as revealed by LC-MS and XAS. Further analysis corroborated the covalent binding between selenol intermediates of SeCs and albumin thiols. On basis of the Se-S model, pharmacokinetic properties of four SeCs were for the first time profiled. In summary, we have shown that cytotoxic SeCs could spontaneously transform into selenol intermediates that immediately react with albumin thiols through Se-S bond. The heterogeneous albumin binding degree may predict the variability in cytotoxicity. The present knowledge will also guide further kinetic and mechanistic investigations in both experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zheng
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden.,ECM, Clinical Research Center and Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui He
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden.,ECM, Clinical Research Center and Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Boada
- Centre GTS, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Maria Angels Subirana
- Centre GTS, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Håkan Ottosson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Centre GTS, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden. .,ECM, Clinical Research Center and Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden. .,ECM, Clinical Research Center and Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Designing selenium functional foods and beverages: A review. Food Res Int 2019; 120:708-725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Merino IE, Stegmann E, Aliaga ME, Gomez M, Arancibia V, Rojas Romo C. Determination of Se(IV) concentration via cathodic stripping voltammetry in the presence of Cu(II) ions and ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1048:22-30. [PMID: 30598153 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of a methodology for the determination of Se(IV) concentration via cathodic stripping voltammetry is described in this work. The methodology is based on the formation of copper selenide (Cu2Se), whose reduction signal at -0.60 V has been used as an analytical response to quantify the Se(IV) concentration in solution. The novelty of our methodology is the study of this system in the presence of a ligand such as ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate (ADTTP), which forms complexes with Cu(II) and Se(IV). The results showed that the presence of ADTTP plays an important role, increasing the sensitivity of the determination by almost a factor of two compared with the methodology in the absence of the ligand. The optimized conditions were pH 1.6 (phosphoric acid, 2.0 × 10-2 mol L-1), CCu(II) = 1.5 mg L-1, CADTTP = 2.0 μmol L-1, Eacc = -0.40 V and tacc = 45 s. The detection and the quantification limits obtained were 0.065 and 0.21 μg L-1, respectively, and linearity was maintained up to 4.0 μg L-1 of Se(IV). The sensitivity was 10.26 nA L μg-1. On the other hand, the relative standard deviation for 15 replicate measurements at 1.0 μg L-1 of Se(IV) was 1.6%. The usefulness of the method was evaluated by determining Se(IV) in two certified reference materials (TMDW and TM-28.4) with relative errors of less than 2.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Se(IV) in spiked tap water and in a liquid pharmaceutical formulation with satisfactory results. The developed methodology presents a low detection limit, good repeatability, selectivity and linear range. Furthermore, the sensibility of the method was achieved by applying a short accumulation time (45 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio E Merino
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chemistry Faculty, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Edgardo Stegmann
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chemistry Faculty, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Margarita E Aliaga
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chemistry Faculty, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Marisol Gomez
- Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura and Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), General Gana 1702, Santiago, 8370993, Chile
| | - Verónica Arancibia
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chemistry Faculty, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
| | - Carlos Rojas Romo
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chemistry Faculty, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
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Pagliano E, Campanella B, D'Ulivo A, Mester Z. Derivatization chemistries for the determination of inorganic anions and structurally related compounds by gas chromatography - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1025:12-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Ullah H, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ali MU, Abbas Q, Munir MAM, Mian MM. Developmental selenium exposure and health risk in daily foodstuffs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:291-306. [PMID: 29268101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral and an essential nutrient of vital importance to human health in trace amounts. It acts as an antioxidant in both humans and animals, immunomodulator and also involved in the control of specific endocrine pathways. The aim of this work is to provide a brief knowledge on selenium content in daily used various foodstuffs, nutritional requirement and its various health consequences. In general, fruits and vegetables contain low content of selenium, with some exceptions. Selenium level in meat, eggs, poultry and seafood is usually high. For most countries, cereals, legumes, and derivatives are the major donors to the dietary selenium intake. Low level of selenium has been related with higher mortality risk, dysfunction of an immune system, and mental failure. Selenium supplementation or higher selenium content has antiviral outcomes and is necessary for effective reproduction of male and female, also decreases the threat of chronic disease (autoimmune thyroid). Generally, some advantages of higher content of selenium have been shown in various potential studies regarding lung, colorectal, prostate and bladder cancers risk, nevertheless results depicted from different trials have been diverse, which perhaps indicates the evidence that supplementation will merely grant advantage if the intakes of a nutrient is deficient. In conclusion, the over-all people should be advised against the usage of Se supplements for prevention of cardiovascular, hepatopathies, or cancer diseases, as advantages of Se supplements are still ambiguous, and their haphazard usage could result in an increased Se toxicity risk. The associations among Se intake/status and health, or disease risk, are complicated and need exposition to notify medical practice, to improve dietary recommendations, and to develop adequate communal health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ullah
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba Munir
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Md Manik Mian
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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Sharma VK, McDonald TJ, Sohn M, Anquandah GAK, Pettine M, Zboril R. Assessment of toxicity of selenium and cadmium selenium quantum dots: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:403-413. [PMID: 28892773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the current understanding of the toxicity of selenium (Se) to terrestrial mammalian and aquatic organisms. Adverse biological effects occur in the case of Se deficiencies, associated with this element having essential biological functions and a narrow window between essentiality and toxicity. Several inorganic species of Se (-2, 0, +4, and +6) and organic species (monomethylated and dimethylated) have been reported in aquatic systems. The toxicity of Se in any given sample depends not only on its speciation and concentration, but also on the concomitant presence of other compounds that may have synergistic or antagonistic effects, affecting the target organism as well, usually spanning 2 or 3 orders of magnitude for inorganic Se species. In aquatic ecosystems, indirect toxic effects, linked to the trophic transfer of excess Se, are usually of much more concern than direct Se toxicity. Studies on the toxicity of selenium nanoparticles indicate the greater toxicity of chemically generated selenium nanoparticles relative to selenium oxyanions for fish and fish embryos while oxyanions of selenium have been found to be more highly toxic to rats as compared to nano-Se. Studies on polymer coated Cd/Se quantum dots suggest significant differences in toxicity of weathered vs. non-weathered QD's as well as a significant role for cadmium with respect to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Thomas J McDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mary Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University, Boulevard, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - George A K Anquandah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, 1 Camino Santa Maria, San Antonio, TX, 78228, USA
| | - Maurizio Pettine
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (IRSA)/Water Research Institute (IRSA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)/National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29,300 C.P. 10, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Imai T, Kurihara T, Esaki N, Mihara H. Selective fluorescence detection method for selenide and selenol using monochlorobimane. Anal Biochem 2017; 532:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kieliszek M, Błażejak S, Kurek E. Binding and Conversion of Selenium in Candida utilis ATCC 9950 Yeasts in Bioreactor Culture. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030352. [PMID: 28245620 PMCID: PMC6155356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is considered an essential component of all living organisms. The use of yeasts as a selenium supplement in human nutrition has gained much interest over the last decade. The accumulation and biochemical transformation of selenium in yeast cells is particularly interesting to many researchers. In this article, we present the results of the determination of selenium and selenomethionine content in the biomass of feed yeast Candida utilis ATCC 9950 obtained from the culture grown in a bioreactor. The results indicated that C. utilis cells performed the biotransformation of inorganic selenium(IV) to organic derivatives (e.g., selenomethionine). Selenium introduced (20–30 mg Se4+∙L−1) to the experimental media in the form of sodium(IV) selenite (Na2SeO3) salt caused a significant increase in selenium content in the biomass of C. utilis, irrespective of the concentration. The highest amount of selenium (1841 μg∙gd.w.−1) was obtained after a 48-h culture in media containing 30 mg Se4+∙L−1. The highest content of selenomethionine (238.8 μg∙gd.w.−1) was found after 48-h culture from the experimental medium that was supplemented with selenium at a concentration of 20 mg Se4+∙L−1. Biomass cell in the cultures supplemented with selenium ranged from 1.5 to 14.1 g∙L−1. The results of this study indicate that yeast cell biomass of C. utilis enriched mainly with the organic forms of selenium can be a valuable source of protein. It creates the possibility of obtaining selenium biocomplexes that can be used in the production of protein-selenium dietary supplements for animals and humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Eliza Kurek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
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15
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Ogra Y, Ogihara Y, Anan Y. Comparison of the metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium species between two selenium accumulator plants, garlic and Indian mustard. Metallomics 2017; 9:61-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selenomethionine (SeMet) can be metabolized into other selenoamino acids such as Se-methylselenocysteine and selenohomolanthionine in selenium-accumulator plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chiba University
- Chuo, Japan
| | - Yurie Ogihara
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health
- Showa Pharmaceutical University
- Machida, Japan
| | - Yasumi Anan
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health
- Showa Pharmaceutical University
- Machida, Japan
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16
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Kieliszek M, Błażejak S, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Kurcz A. Effects of Selenium on Morphological Changes in Candida utilis ATCC 9950 Yeast Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:387-93. [PMID: 26166197 PMCID: PMC4717171 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of microscopic examinations of the yeast cells cultured in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) media supplemented with sodium selenite(IV). The analysis of the morphological changes in yeast cells aimed to determine whether the selected selenium doses and culturing time may affect this element accumulation in yeast cell structures in a form of inorganic or organic compounds, as a result of detoxification processes. The range of characteristic morphological changes in yeasts cultivated in experimental media with sodium selenite(IV) was observed, including cell shrinkage and cytoplasm thickening of the changes within vacuole structure. The processes of vacuole disintegration were observed in aging yeast cells in culturing medium, which may indicate the presence of so-called ghost cells lacking intracellular organelles The changes occurring in the morphology of yeasts cultured in media supplemented with sodium selenite were typical for stationary phase of yeast growth. From detailed microscopic observations, larger surface area of the cell (6.03 μm(2)) and yeast vacuole (2.17 μm(2)) were noticed after 24-h culturing in the medium with selenium of 20 mg Se(4+)/L. The coefficient of shape of the yeast cells cultured in media enriched with sodium selenite as well as in the control YPD medium ranged from 1.02 to 1.22. Elongation of cultivation time (up to 48 and 72 h) in the media supplemented with sodium selenite caused a reduction in the surface area of the yeast cell and vacuole due to detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kurcz
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Jagtap R, Maher W. Determination of selenium species in biota with an emphasis on animal tissues by HPLC–ICP-MS. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Chen L, Tian X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Yang C, Zhou Z, Liu X. A ratiometric fluorescence nanosensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of selenite. Analyst 2016; 141:4685-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00740f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We herein developed a ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor for accurate and on-site sensing of SeO32− by linking the recognition molecules 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) onto the surface of carboxyl group modified CdTe@SiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Chen
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P R China
| | - Xike Tian
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P R China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P R China
| | - Yong Li
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P R China
| | - Chao Yang
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P R China
| | - Zhaoxin Zhou
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P R China
| | - Xiangwen Liu
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- P R China
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources
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19
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Novel Bio-Coacervation Extraction of Selenium Based on Microassemblies Biosurfactants with Ionic Liquid and Quantitative Analysis by HPLC/UV. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Noblitt S, Staicu LC, Ackerson CJ, Henry CS. Sensitive, selective analysis of selenium oxoanions using microchip electrophoresis with contact conductivity detection. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8425-32. [PMID: 25033231 PMCID: PMC4139182 DOI: 10.1021/ac502013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The common selenium oxoanions selenite (SeO3(2-)) and selenate (SeO4(2-)) are toxic at intake levels slightly below 1 mg day(-1). These anions are currently monitored by a variety of traditional analytical techniques that are time-consuming, expensive, require large sample volumes, and/or lack portability. To address the need for a fast and inexpensive analysis of selenium oxoanions, we present the first microchip capillary zone electrophoresis (MCE) separation targeting these species in the presence of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, chlorate, sulfamate, methanesulfonate, and fluoride, which can be simultaneously monitored. The chemistry was designed to give high selectivity in nonideal matrices. Interference from common weak acids is avoided by operating near pH 4. Separation resolution from chloride was enhanced to improve tolerance of high-salinity matrices. As a result, selenate can be quantified in the presence of up to 1.5 mM NaCl, and selenite analysis is even more robust against chloride. Using contact conductivity detection, detection limits for samples with conductivity equal to the background electrolyte are 53 nM (4.2 ppb Se) and 380 nM (30 ppb) for selenate and selenite, respectively. Analysis time, including injection, is ∼2 min. The MCE method was validated against ion chromatography (IC) using spiked samples of dilute BBL broth and slightly outperformed the IC in accuracy while requiring <10% of the analysis time. The applicability of the technique to real samples was shown by monitoring the consumption of selenite by bacteria incubated in LB broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott
D. Noblitt
- Chemistry
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Lucian C. Staicu
- Biology
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ackerson
- Chemistry
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Chemistry
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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21
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Bañuelos GS, Arroyo I, Pickering IJ, Yang SI, Freeman JL. Selenium biofortification of broccoli and carrots grown in soil amended with Se-enriched hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata. Food Chem 2014; 166:603-608. [PMID: 25053099 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amending soils with Se-hyperaccumulator plant derived sources of selenium (Se) may be useful for increasing the Se content in food crops in Se-deficient regions of the world. In this study we evaluated total Se and the different chemical species of Se in broccoli and carrots grown in soils amended with ground shoots of the Se-hyperaccumulator Stanleyapinnata. With increasing application rates of S. pinnata, total plant Se concentrations increased to nutritionally ideal levels inside edible parts. Selenium compounds in aqueous extracts were analyzed by SAX-HPLC-ICPMS and identified as a variety of mainly organic-Se forms. Together with bulk Se K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis performed on broccoli florets, carrot roots and shoots, dried ground S. pinnata, and the amended soil at post-plant, we demonstrate that Se-enriched S. pinnata is valuable as a soil amendment for enriching broccoli and carrots with healthful forms of organic-Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA.
| | - Irvin Arroyo
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Soo In Yang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - John L Freeman
- Department of Biology, California State University Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740, USA; Intrinsyx Technologies Corporation, Space Bio-Sciences Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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22
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Ivandini TA, Einaga Y. Electrochemical Detection of Selenium (IV) and (VI) at Gold-Modified Diamond Electrodes. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-013-0169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Maseko T, Callahan DL, Dunshea FR, Doronila A, Kolev SD, Ng K. Chemical characterisation and speciation of organic selenium in cultivated selenium-enriched Agaricus bisporus. Food Chem 2013; 141:3681-7. [PMID: 23993536 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The selenium concentration in Agaricus bisporus cultivated in growth compost irrigated with sodium selenite solution increased by 28- and 43-fold compared to the control mushroom irrigated solely with water. Selenium contents of mushroom proteins increased from 13.8 to 60.1 and 14.1 to 137 μgSe/g in caps and stalks from control and selenised mushrooms, respectively. Selenocystine (SeCys; detected as [SeCys]2 dimer), selenomethionine (SeMet), and methyl-selenocysteine (MeSeCys) were separated, identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry from water solubilised and acetone precipitated proteins, and significant increases were observed for the selenised mushrooms. The maximum selenoamino acids concentration in caps and stalks of control/selenised mushrooms was 4.16/9.65 μg/g dried weight (DW) for SeCys, 0.08/0.58 μg/g DW for SeMet, and 0.031/0.10 μg/g DW for MeSeCys, respectively. The most notable result was the much higher levels of SeCys accumulated by A. bisporus compared to SeMet and MeSeCys, for both control and selenised A. bisporus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tebo Maseko
- Department of Agriculture & Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land & Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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24
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Kieliszek M, Błażejak S. Selenium: Significance, and outlook for supplementation. Nutrition 2013; 29:713-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Al-Othman AM, Al-Othman ZA, El-Desoky GE, Aboul-Soud MAM, Habila MA, Giesy JP. Daily intake of selenium and concentrations in blood of residents of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2012; 34:417-431. [PMID: 22270491 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-011-9448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of selenium (Se) in food from local markets of Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) were measured and daily intake calculated based on information from a questionnaire of foods eaten by healthy Saudis. The daily intake of Se was then compared to concentrations of Se in blood serum. Primary sources of Se in the diet of Saudis were as follows: meat and meat products (31%), egg (20.4%), cereals and cereal products (16%), legumes (8.7%), fruits (6.8%), milk and dairy products (2.0%), beverages (2%), sweets (1.8%), pickles (0.2%), and oil (0.02%). Daily intake of Se, estimated to be 93 μg Se/person/day, was slightly greater than that calculated from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) food balance sheet for KSA, which was approximately 90 μg Se/person/day. The daily intake of Se by Saudis in Riyadh was greater than that of Australians or Dutch but less that of Canadians and Americans. There was a statistically significant correlation (R = +0.38, P < 0.05) between daily intake of Se and concentrations of Se in blood serum of Saudis in Riyadh. The mean concentration of Se in serum was 1.0 × 10(2) ± 30.5 μg Se/l. Taken together, the results suggest that the average Se intake and Se serum concentrations are within the known limits and recommendations, making it unlikely that Saudis are on average at risk of deficiency or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M Al-Othman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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26
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Wang W, Chen Z, Davey DE, Naidu R. SPECIATION OF SELENIUM IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.484363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , City East Campus , South Australia , Australia
- b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environments, Mawson Lakes Boulevard , Mawson Lakes , Australia
- c Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , Australia
| | - ZuLiang Chen
- b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environments, Mawson Lakes Boulevard , Mawson Lakes , Australia
- c Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , Australia
| | - David Edward Davey
- a School of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , City East Campus , South Australia , Australia
| | - Ravendra Naidu
- b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environments, Mawson Lakes Boulevard , Mawson Lakes , Australia
- c Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , Australia
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27
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High performance liquid chromatography coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry for the speciation of the hydride and chemical vapour-forming elements As, Se, Sb and Hg: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 671:9-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Ashournia M, Aliakbar A. Determination of Se(IV) in natural waters by adsorptive stripping voltammetry of 5-nitropiazselenol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 174:788-794. [PMID: 19864058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The high tendency of 5-nitropiazselenol for self-accumulation on thin mercury film electrode was used innovatively for determination of Se(IV) in natural waters. 5-Nitropiazselenol was formed by reaction between Se(IV) and 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine in acidic solution and self-accumulation process was carried out directly from reaction media. The adsorbed 5-nitropiazselenol was stripped in HCl solution by DP cathodic potential scan. All parameters influencing the measurement were optimized and evaluated. Detection limit of this method is 0.06 ng mL(-1). Interferences of various cations and anions were studied. The adsorption tendency of some other piazselenols made by some aromatic ortho-diamines was also investigated. The problems arising from applying potential during accumulation process in natural waters analysis were discussed. This method was applied for determination of Se(IV) in natural waters collected from some internationally registrated lagoons south of Caspian Sea. The obtained results were compared with the results of ICP-AES and DPCSV after electrochemical preconcentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ashournia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Guilan University, PO Box 41335, 19141 Rasht, Iran
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29
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Selenium content in selected foods from the Saudi Arabia market and estimation of the daily intake. ARAB J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Campillo N, Peñalver R, López-García I, Hernández-Córdoba M. Headspace solid-phase microextraction for the determination of volatile organic sulphur and selenium compounds in beers, wines and spirits using gas chromatography and atomic emission detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6735-40. [PMID: 19700163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and solvent-free method for the determination of eight volatile organic sulphur and two selenium compounds in different beverage samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with atomic emission detection has been developed. The bonded carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber was the most suitable for preconcentrating the analytes from the headspace of the sample solution. Volumes of 20 mL of undiluted beer were used while, in the case of wines and spirits, sample:water ratios of 5:15 and 2:18, respectively, were used, in order to obtain the maximum sensitivity. Quantitation was carried out by using synthetic matrices of beer and wine, and a spiked sample for spirits, and using ethyl methyl sulphide and isopropyl disulphide as internal standards. Detection limits ranged from 8 ng L(-1) to 40 ng mL(-1), depending on the compound and the beverage sample analyzed, with a fiber time exposure of 20 min at ambient temperature. The optimized method was successfully applied to different samples, some of the studied compounds being detected at concentration levels in the 0.04-152 ng mL(-1) range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
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31
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Doucha J, Lívanský K, Kotrbáček V, Zachleder V. Production of Chlorella biomass enriched by selenium and its use in animal nutrition: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:1001-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Choi Y, Kim J, Lee HS, Kim CI, Hwang IK, Park HK, Oh CH. Selenium content in representative Korean foods. J Food Compost Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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AOYAMA C, TSUNODA M, FUNATSU T. Determination of Selenomethionine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection Coupled with On-line Oxidation. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:63-5. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki AOYAMA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Makoto TSUNODA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takashi FUNATSU
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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34
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Lenz M, van Hullebusch ED, Farges F, Nikitenko S, Borca CN, Grolimund D, Lens PNL. Selenium speciation assessed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy of sequentially extracted anaerobic biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:7587-7593. [PMID: 18983079 DOI: 10.1021/es800811q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wet chemical methods such as sequential extraction procedures are commonly used to assess selenium fractionation in anoxic environments, allowing an estimation of the mobility and bioavailability of selenium. However, the interpretation can be biased by unselective extraction of targeted species and artifacts introduced during the extraction. Here, the selectivity of the single extraction steps to gain reliable selenium speciation information are scrutinized for the first time by direct, nondestructive X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the selenium K-edge. The sequential extraction procedures seriously overestimated the elemental selenium fraction, as major parts (58%) of the total selenium were present as metal selenides and organic selenium compounds, although extracted in the elemental fraction. Spectral fitting of the XANES spectra by the least-squares linear combinations utilizing a large set of model compounds, including previously neglected Se(-I) selenides, showed a novel degree of complexity in the speciation of selenium treating anaerobic biofilms, with up to 4 modeled selenium species contributing to the speciation, i.e., different elemental, organic, and metal-bound selenium species. Furthermore, a short exposure (10 min) to ambient air during the sequential extraction procedure induced the oxidation of organic selenium compounds, revealing the fragility of selenium speciation in anaerobic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lenz
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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35
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Selenium and cancer: biomarkers of selenium status and molecular action of selenium supplements. Eur J Nutr 2008; 47 Suppl 2:29-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-008-2005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Gammelgaard B, Gabel-Jensen C, Stürup S, Hansen HR. Complementary use of molecular and element-specific mass spectrometry for identification of selenium compounds related to human selenium metabolism. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1691-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Castro-Puyana M, Crego AL, Marina ML, García-Ruiz C. CE methods for the determination of non-protein amino acids in foods. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4031-45. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Timerbaev AR. Recent trends in CE of inorganic ions: From individual to multiple elemental species analysis. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3420-35. [PMID: 17768723 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The major methodological developments in CE related to inorganic analysis are overviewed. This is an update to a previous review article by the author (Timerbaev, A. R., Electrophoresis 2004, 25, 4008-4031) and it covers the review work and innovative research papers published between January 2004 and the first part of 2006. As was underlined in that review, a growing interest of analytical community in providing elemental speciation information found a sound response of the CE method developers. Presently, almost every second research paper in the field of interest deals with element species analysis, the use of inductively coupled plasma MS detection and biochemical applications being the topics of utmost research efforts. On the other hand, advances in general methodology traditionally centered on a CE system modernization for improvements in sensitivity and separation selectivity have attracted less attention over the review period. While there is no indication that inorganic ion applications would surpass by the developmental rate the more matured analysis of organic analytes, CE can now be seen as an analytical technique to be before long customary in a number of inorganic analysis arenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei R Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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39
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Campillo N, Peñalver R, Hernández-Córdoba M, Pérez-Sirvent C, Martínez-Sánchez MJ. Comparison of two derivatizing agents for the simultaneous determination of selenite and organoselenium species by gas chromatography and atomic emission detection after preconcentration using solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1165:191-9. [PMID: 17692323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two methods for the simultaneous determination of selenite and two organoselenium compounds, dimethylselenide (DMSe) and dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe), are proposed. Both methods involve sample preconcentration by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and capillary gas chromatography coupled to atomic emission detection (GC-AED). The main difference between the methods is the derivatizing agent used to complex the inorganic species: sodium tetraethylborate and 4,5-dichloro-1,2-phenylenediamine. The parameters affecting the derivatization and preconcentration steps, chromatographic separation as well as detection of the compounds were optimized. Direct immersion (DI) mode and a relatively long extraction time were selected for the method involving the formation of the piazselenol complex, better sensitivity being achieved for the three analytes under study. In this case, detection limits ranged between 3 and 25 ng L(-1), depending on the compound. Headspace mode (HS) and extraction times of 20 min were selected for the method involving tetraalkylborate, and detection limits of between 7.3 and 55 ng L(-1) were obtained. DMSe and Se(IV) were found in several of the water samples analyzed at concentrations of 0.07-1.0 ng mL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
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Khajeh M, Yamini Y, Ghasemi E, Fasihi J, Shamsipur M. Imprinted polymer particles for selenium uptake: Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 581:208-13. [PMID: 17386446 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 08/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) particles for selective extraction and determination of selenium ions from aqueous media. Polymerization was achieved in a glass tube containing SeO(2), o-phenylenediamine, 2-vinylpyridine (VP), ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (EDMA), 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The polymer block obtained was ground and sieved (55-75 microm) and the Se-o-phenylenediamine complex was removed from polymer particles by leaching with 2M of HCl, which leaves a cavity in the polymer particles. The polymer particles both prior to and after leaching have been characterized by IR and thermogravimetric (TG) studies. The effect of different parameters, such as pH, extraction time, type and least amount of eluent for elution of complex from polymer were evaluated. Extraction efficiencies >99% were obtained by elution of the polymers with 15 mL of methanol-acetonitrile mixture (1:2, v/v). The limit of detection of the proposed method followed by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG-AAS) was found to be 3.3 microg L(-1) and a dynamic linear range (DLR) of 10-200 microg L(-1) was obtained. The relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) at 30.0 microg L(-1) of Se were below than 8.1%. The influence of various cationic interferences on percent recovery of complex was studied. The method was applied to the recovery and determination of selenium in different real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khajeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modarres University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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Kulikov AU. Determination of selenium(IV) in pharmaceuticals and premixes by micellar liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 43:1283-9. [PMID: 17156959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple micellar liquid chromatographic technique for the determination of selenium(IV) in pharmaceutical products (multi-vitamin tablets, syrups) and animal premixes after pre-column derivatization with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene was developed and validated. Hypersil ODS column, 10% (v/v) 1-butanol in 0.05 M sodium dodecyl sulfate as the mobile phase and UV detection at 378 nm and were used. The retention time was about 8 min. In the course of the validation study, the specificity of the method was demonstrated. Linearity was established in the range 0.33-3.3 microg ml(-1) of selenium(IV) content. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1 and 0.3 microg ml(-1), respectively. The method showed excellent accuracy (100.04%). Precision (repeatability) gave a relative standard deviation less than 1%. The influence of the various method parameters (robustness study) was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem U Kulikov
- Laboratory of Pharmacopoeial Analysis, Scientific and Expert Pharmacopoeial Centre, Astronomicheskaya street 33, 61085 Kharkov, Ukraine.
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Cankur O, Yathavakilla SK, Caruso JA. Selenium speciation in dill (Anethum graveolens L.) by ion pairing reversed phase and cation exchange HPLC with ICP-MS detection. Talanta 2006; 70:784-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Moreno DA, Carvajal M, López-Berenguer C, García-Viguera C. Chemical and biological characterisation of nutraceutical compounds of broccoli. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1508-22. [PMID: 16713696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
People's diet offers a greater and more diverse group of plant bioactives than do drugs, and they often do not realise that many drugs are derived from the compounds originally discovered in plant foods. Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that Brassica vegetables in general, and broccoli in particular, protect humans against cancer since they are rich sources of glucosinolates as well as possessing a high content of flavonoids, vitamins and mineral nutrients. One unusual phytotherapeutic role of broccoli is for skin diseases--the juice of the leaves is used to treat warts. However, the main use of broccoli stems from its health-promoting properties. Some criteria have been proposed to evaluate the possibilities of developing new "functional foods" to reduce the risk of specific cancers; largely in broccoli, which is associated with cancer protection. Processing conditions, transport, domestic cooking, etc., affect the health-promoting properties of broccoli and these have been widely studied. This review makes an in-depth study of the chemical and biological characterization of the phytochemicals of broccoli and the effects on the bioactive composition of broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Moreno
- Dept. Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos and Dept. Nutrición Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Apdo 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Anion transport through polymer inclusion membranes facilitated by transition metal containing carriers. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Smrkolj P, Stibilj V, Kreft I, Germ M. Selenium species in buckwheat cultivated with foliar addition of Se(VI) and various levels of UV-B radiation. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Tastet L, Schaumlöffel D, Bouyssiere B, Lobinski R. Capillary HPLC–ICP MS mapping of selenocompounds in spots obtained from the 2-D gel electrophoresis of the water-soluble protein fraction of selenized yeast. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:948-53. [PMID: 16791577 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A method based on ICP collision-cell MS detection in capillary HPLC was developed to gain an insight into the purity and identity of selenium-containing proteins separated by 1-D and 2-D electrophoresis. The bands and spots obtained after the separation of water-soluble proteins in selenized yeast were digested with trypsin prior to chromatography. Selenium could be detected down to the subpicogram level. The method, assisted by information obtained by MALDI TOF MS on the 5000 Da cut-off fraction, permitted the purity of bands and spots to be estimated and the efficiency of tryptic digestion and the quantity of selenium present in individual peptides to be evaluated. Owing to the high sensitivity and the lack of matrix suppression effects, the method provided chromatograms with signal-to-noise ratios of 10-1000 in conditions where the common ES Q-TOF MS detection failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Tastet
- Group of Bio-Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, CNRS UMR 5034, Hélioparc, 2, av. Pr. Angot, 64053, Pau, France
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B'Hymer C, Caruso JA. Selenium speciation analysis using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1114:1-20. [PMID: 16551466 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Selenium exists in several oxidation states and a variety of inorganic and organic compounds, and the chemistry of selenium is complex in both the environment and living systems. Selenium is an essential element at trace levels and toxic at greater levels. Interest in speciation analysis for selenium has grown rapidly in this last decade, especially in the use of chromatographic separation coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Complete characterization of selenium compounds is necessary to understand selenium's significance in metabolic processes, clinical chemistry, biology, toxicology, nutrition and the environment. This review describes some of the essential background of selenium, and more importantly, some of the currently used separation methodologies, both chromatographic and electrophoretic, with emphasis on applications of selenium speciation analysis using ICP-MS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B'Hymer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Mail location 0172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Lobiński R, Schaumlöffel D, Szpunar J. Mass spectrometry in bioinorganic analytical chemistry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:255-89. [PMID: 16273552 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A considerable momentum has recently been gained by in vitro and in vivo studies of interactions of trace elements in biomolecules due to advances in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) used as a detector in chromatography and capillary and planar electrophoresis. The multi-isotopic (including non-metals such as S, P, or Se) detection capability, high sensitivity, tolerance to matrix, and large linearity range regardless of the chemical environment of an analyte make ICP MS a valuable complementary technique to electrospray MS and MALDI MS. This review covers different facets of the recent progress in metal speciation in biochemistry, including probing in vitro interactions between metals and biomolecules, detection, determination, and structural characterization of heteroatom-containing molecules in biological tissues, and protein monitoring and quantification via a heteroelement (S, Se, or P) signal. The application areas include environmental chemistry, plant and animal biochemistry, nutrition, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Lobiński
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique, CNRS UMR 5034, Hélioparc, 2, av. du Pr. Angot, F-64053 Pau, France.
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Huck CW, Bakry R, Bonn GK. Progress in capillary electrophoresis of biomarkers and metabolites between 2002 and 2005. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:111-25. [PMID: 16315181 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker discovery and metabolite research is a fast-growing and extremely important domain not only for the early detection of certain diseases but also for controlling its progress as well as in pharmaceutical investigations. For the analytical separation and identification, CE plays an indisputable role. Capillary systems enhancing different selectivity are applied and connected to different kind of detection systems. As the choice of buffer and its composition is responsible for a successful separation, special emphasis is put on solvent effects in this review. Altogether the most important capillary electrophoretic techniques applied for biomarker and metabolites analysis published between 2002 and 2005 are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Kremer D, Ilgen G, Feldmann J. GC-ICP-MS determination of dimethylselenide in human breath after ingestion of (77)Se-enriched selenite: monitoring of in-vivo methylation of selenium. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 383:509-15. [PMID: 16158304 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The amount of volatile dimethylselenide (DMSe) in breath has been monitored after ingestion of sub-toxic amounts of selenium (300 microg (77)Se, as selenite) by a healthy male volunteer. The breath samples were collected in Tedlar bags every hour in the first 12 h and then at longer intervals for the next 10 days. The samples were subjected to speciation analysis for volatile selenium compounds by use of cryotrapping-cryofocussing-GC-ICP-MS. Simultaneously, all urine was collected and subjected to total selenium determination by use of ICP-MS. By monitoring m/z 82 and 77, background or dietary selenium and selenium from the administered selenite were simultaneously determined in the urine and in the breath-dietary selenium only was measured by monitoring m/z 82 whereas the amount of spiked (77)Se (99.1% [enriched spike]) and naturally occurring selenium (7.6% [natural abundance]) were measured by monitoring m/z 77. Quantification of DMSe was performed by using DMSe gas samples prepared in Tedlar bags (linear range 10-300 pg, R (2)=0.996, detection limit of Se as DMSe was 10 pg Se, or 0.02 ng L(-1), when 0.5 L gas was collected). Dimethylselenide was the only selenium species detected in breath samples before and after the ingestion of (77)Se-enriched selenite. Additional DM(77)Se was identified as early as 15 min after ingestion of the isotopically-labelled selenite. Although the maximum concentration of (77)Se in DMSe was recorded 90 min after ingestion, the natural isotope ratio for selenium in DMSe (77/82) was not reached after 20 days. The concentration of DMSe correlated with the total Se concentration in the urine during the experiment (R (2)=0.80). Furthermore, the sub-toxic dose of 300 microg selenium led to a significant increase of DMSe and renal excretion of background selenium, confirming that selenium ingested as selenite is homeostatically controlled by excretion. The maximum concentration of DMSe resulting from the spiked selenite was 1.4 ng Se L(-1) whereas the dietary background level was less than 0.4 ng Se L(-1). Overall excretion as DMSe was calculated to be 11.2% from the ingested selenite within the first 10 days whereas urinary excretion accounts for nearly 18.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kremer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, AB24 3UE, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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