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Rahmawati R, Hartati YW, Latip JB, Herlina T. An overview of techniques and strategies for isolation of flavonoids from the genus Erythrina. J Sep Sci 2023:e2200800. [PMID: 36715692 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants in the genus Erythrina is a potential source of chemical constituents, one of which is flavonoids, which have diverse bioactivities. To date, literature on the flavonoids from the genus Erythrina has only highlighted the phytochemical aspects, so this review article will discuss isolation techniques and strategies for the first time. More than 420 flavonoids have been reported in the Erythrina genus, which are grouped into 17 categories. These flavonoid compounds were obtained through isolation techniques and strategies using polar, semi-polar, and non-polar solvents. Various chromatographic techniques have been developed to isolate flavonoids using column flash chromatography, quick column chromatography, centrifugally accelerated thin-layer chromatography, radial chromatography, medium-pressure column chromatography, semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographic processes for isolating flavonoids can be optimized using multivariate statistical applications such as response surface methodology with central composite design, Box-Behnken design, Doehlert design, and mixture design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmawati Rahmawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia.,Central Laboratory of the Directorate of Research and Community Service, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Jalifah Binti Latip
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tati Herlina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia
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Ranveer SA, Harshitha C, Dasriya V, Tehri N, Kumar N, Raghu H. Assessment of developed paper strip based sensor with pesticide residues in different dairy environmental samples. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100416. [PMID: 36632434 PMCID: PMC9826873 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the results of this study, the paper strip biosensor can detect pesticide at very low concentration like fungicide, organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate, and herbicide group ranges from 1 to 10, 1-50, 250-500, 1-50, and 1 μg/L, respectively in animal feed, water, milk and soil. This is a significant improvement from the previous study, which found that the paper strip biosensor could only detect pesticide levels of up to 500 or 1000 μg/L. A total of 436 samples were collected from the dairy farm, including 58 samples of green feed, 54 samples of dry feed, 45 samples of concentrated feed, 41 samples of fermented feed, 49 samples of manure, 54 samples of soil, and 86 samples of milk. PSA (Primary Secondary Amine) and MgSO4 (1:2 ratio) were used to remove pigments from dairy farm samples to prevent the enzyme-pesticide interaction leading to colour development on the strip, which was successfully achieved. Using a strip-based test and an optimized extraction protocol, pesticides were detected in 38.49% in the samples. Limit of Detection of 15 pesticides from the organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate, neonicotinoid, pyrethroid, ryanoid, strobilurins, and triazole groups recommended for use in dairy farms were evaluated in feed/fodder. Pesticides were being detected in various dairy farm matrices using the newly developed test. The developed technology can be used as a semi-quantitative test for pesticides monitoring in the dairy farm as well as for screening of primary produce under field condition for organic certification of various food/feed commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya A. Ranveer
- Microbial Biosensors Food Safety Lab, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, KArnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - C.G. Harshitha
- Chemistry Section, National Referral Centre for Milk Quality and Safety, Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Vaishali Dasriya
- National Referral Centre for Milk Quality and Safety, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Nimisha Tehri
- Kothari Postdoc Fellow, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Microbial Biosensors Food Safety Lab, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, KArnal, 132001, Haryana, India,National Referral Centre for Milk Quality and Safety, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - H.V. Raghu
- Microbial Biosensors Food Safety Lab, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, KArnal, 132001, Haryana, India,National Referral Centre for Milk Quality and Safety, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India,Corresponding author. National Referral Centre for milk quality and safety, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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3
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Supercritical fluid remediation for soil contaminants: Mechanisms, parameter optimization and pilot systems. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vickneswaran M, Carolan JC, White B. Simultaneous determination of pesticides from soils: a comparison between QuEChERS extraction and Dutch mini-Luke extraction methods. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5638-5650. [PMID: 34787125 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01248g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The expanding nature of the agricultural sector has fuelled the intensification of plant protection products usage, including pesticides. These pesticides may persist in soils, necessitating their accurate determination in a variety of soil types. However, due to their complex nature, the effective extraction of pesticide residues from soil matrices can present challenges to pesticide detection and quantification. This research compared two well-known extraction methods, QuEChERS and Dutch mini-Luke, by assessing their specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility in extracting seven distinct pesticides with a range of chemico-physical characteristics from Irish soils. The HPLC-UV conditions were optimised to separate the seven pesticides, and it was shown that both extraction methods successfully extracted neonicotinoids with recovery values ranging between 85 and 115%. Fluroxypyr and prothioconazole could not be efficiently extracted using QuEChERS, however, the recovery values of both the analytes ranged between 59 and 117% using Dutch mini-Luke. Furthermore, with the exception of prothioconazole using Dutch mini-Luke, both extraction methods resulted in reproducibility and precision values below or equal to 20%. Lastly, Dutch mini-Luke is noted to have a lower matrix effect than QuEChERS, except for prothioconazole. The comparison results showed that Dutch mini-Luke resulted in superior method sensitivity, better recovery, and lower matrix effect towards most investigated analytes and was the only extraction technique that successfully extracted all pesticides analysed in soil matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James C Carolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Sun X, Gao J, Xing J, Xing L, Guo M, Peng J, Li Z, Tan Z. Simultaneous determination of triazine herbicides and their metabolites in shellfish by HPLC-MS/MS combined with Q/E-Orbitrap HRMS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6239-6252. [PMID: 34389879 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Triazine herbicides are used extensively in agriculture and aquaculture worldwide because of their broad effectiveness in weed control. However, after they are discharged into the sea, they seriously contaminate aquatic ecosystems and threaten aquatic organisms, especially shellfish. Currently, there are no established methods for the detection and confirmation of triazine herbicides and their metabolites in biological matrixes. Hence, the food safety of aquatic products cannot be accurately evaluated, which creates a technical barrier against international aquatic product trade. In this study, for the first time, a method was developed for the analysis and confirmation of seven triazine herbicides and 13 metabolites in shellfish, based on alkaline acetonitrile extraction and neutral Al2O3 cartridge purification coupled with internal standard calibration. Specifically, quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and accurate identification was carried out by quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q/E Orbitrap HRMS). The results showed that target analytes demonstrated good linearity within the corresponding range (R2 > 0.995). The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the proposed method were 0.1 and 0.3 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of analytes were between 70.0% and 120% when spiked at three levels with blank oyster (Crassostrea gigas) as the matrix, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 12% (n=6). The proposed method was successfully applied for the detection of triazine herbicide residues in oyster samples during actual breeding, and the presence of DIP, HP, DEHA, and other metabolites in positive samples was confirmed by Q/E Orbitrap HRMS. This method exhibits high accuracy, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility. It has promising application prospects in the field of hazard analysis and the positive identification of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Weifang Institute of Inspection on Product Quality, Weifang, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Abstract
Background:
Green chemistry is the application of methodologies and techniques to reduce
the use of hazardous substances, minimize waste generation and apply benign and cheap applications.
Methods:
In this article, the following issues were considered: greener solvents and reagents, miniaturization
of analytical instrumentation, reagent-free methodologies, greening with automation, greener
sample preparation methods, and greener detection systems. Moreover, the tables along with the investigated
topics including environmental analysis were included. The future aspects and the challenges
in green analytical chemistry were also discussed.
Results:
The prevention of waste generation, atomic economy, use of less hazardous materials for
chemical synthesis and design, use of safer solvents, auxiliaries and renewable raw materials, reduction
of unnecessary derivatization, design degradation products, prevention of accidents and development
of real-time analytical methods are important for the development of greener methodologies.
Conclusion:
Efforts should also be given for the evaluation of novel solid phases, new solvents, and
sustainable reagents to reduce the risks associated with the environment. Moreover, greener methodologies
enable energy efficient, safe and faster that reduce the use of reagents, solvents and preservatives
which are hazardous to both environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onur Yayayürük
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Jiang Y, Piao H, Qin Z, Li X, Ma P, Sun Y, Wang X, Song D. One-step synthesized magnetic MIL-101(Cr) for effective extraction of triazine herbicides from rice prior to determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2900-2908. [PMID: 31273932 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The magnetic metal-organic framework MIL-101(Cr) material-based solid-phase extraction method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was applied to extract seven triazine herbicides in rices. Fe3 O4 /MIL-101(Cr) was synthesized using reduction-precipitation method, in which steps including pre-synthesis and modification of Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were by-passed. Various parameters including extraction solvent type and volume, ultrasonic extraction time, amount of Fe3 O4 /MIL-101(Cr) microspheres, adsorption time, desorption volume and time were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method had the limit of detection (S/N = 3) and the limit of quantification (S/N = 10) of 1.08-18.10 and 3.60-60.20 pg/g, respectively. Relative standard deviations calculated for all herbicides with concentrations of 2 and 20 ng/g were in the range of 0.5 to 13% (n = 3). In addition, at the two above-mentioned concentrations, the method achieved relative recoveries percentages of 79.3 to 116.7% when applied to determine the triazine herbicides in real samples spiked. This rapid, green, non-polluting, pre-concentrated extraction method was successfully developed and applied to analyze herbicides in rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Huilan Piao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zucheng Qin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, P. R. China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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8
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Gbashi S, Madala NE, De Saeger S, De Boevre M, Njobeh PB. Numerical optimization of temperature-time degradation of multiple mycotoxins. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:289-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Application of metal-organic framework MIL-101(Cr) to microextraction in packed syringe for determination of triazine herbicides in corn samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1574:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Wang X, Lu Y. Optimization of the cross section area on the meridian surface of the 1400-MW canned nuclear coolant pump based on a new medial axial transform design method. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Suszter GK, Ambrus Á. Testing the efficiency of extraction of incurred residues from soil with optimized multi-residue method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:547-556. [PMID: 28489976 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1316162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reproducibility of extraction of residues from spiked soil samples and from soils containing incurred residues was tested with 14C-labeled test compounds of different physical-chemical properties. Nearly 100% of the compounds added to the sample before extraction could be recovered with an average reproducibility relative standard deviation (CV) of 5.4%. The additional steps of the determination process (cleanup, evaporation, etc.) contributed to the major part of the variability of the results (CV = 10-20%). The incurred residues were most efficiently extracted with acetone for 30 min followed by the mixture of acetone/ethyl acetate 1:1 for additional 30 min. However, they could only be recovered at various extent (64-90% of total residues), underlying the importance of testing the efficiency of extraction. The residues were identified and quantified by gas chromatography applying thermionic detector. The performance parameters of the method complied with the international method validation guidelines, and they proved to be robust and suitable for determination of pesticide residues in soils of widely different physical-chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Árpád Ambrus
- b National Food Chain Safety Office , Budapest , Hungary
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12
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Xu F, Liu L, Wei W, Xu R. Determination of five endosulfan pesticides in the fish pond water by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with GC-MS. Forensic Sci Res 2017; 2:40-45. [PMID: 30483618 PMCID: PMC6197123 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2016.1278111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed for the extraction and analysis of five endosulfan pesticides from the fish pond water. In this work, different parameters affecting the extraction process such as the type and volume of extraction solvent, type and volume of disperser solvent, and extraction time were studied and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the enrichment factor ranged from 189 to 269 and the relative recovery ranged from 88.5% to 94.9%. The linear range was 2.0–80.0 µg/L; the limits of detection and quantitation were in the range 0.04–1.06 µg/L and 0.12–3.53 µg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations were in the range 0.94%–2.08% (n = 5). The obtained results show that DLLME combined with GC–MS is a fast and simple method for the determination of endosulfan pesticides in fish pond water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Xu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Jiangyin, Jiangyin, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Jiangyin, Jiangyin, China
| | - Wanli Wei
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruolun Xu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Wuxi, Wuxi, China
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13
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Determination of enantiomeric vigabatrin by derivatization with diacetyl- l -tartaric anhydride followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1040:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Bagheban Shahri F, Niazi A, Akrami A. Application of Full Factorial Design for Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Dye from Aqueous Solution Using 4A Zeolite: Adsorption Isotherms, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2016.1173074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Niazi
- Department of Chemistry, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Ahmad Akrami
- Department of Chemistry, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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15
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Hecht ES, Oberg AL, Muddiman DC. Optimizing Mass Spectrometry Analyses: A Tailored Review on the Utility of Design of Experiments. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:767-85. [PMID: 26951559 PMCID: PMC4841694 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a tool that can analyze nearly all classes of molecules, with its scope rapidly expanding in the areas of post-translational modifications, MS instrumentation, and many others. Yet integration of novel analyte preparatory and purification methods with existing or novel mass spectrometers can introduce new challenges for MS sensitivity. The mechanisms that govern detection by MS are particularly complex and interdependent, including ionization efficiency, ion suppression, and transmission. Performance of both off-line and MS methods can be optimized separately or, when appropriate, simultaneously through statistical designs, broadly referred to as "design of experiments" (DOE). The following review provides a tutorial-like guide into the selection of DOE for MS experiments, the practices for modeling and optimization of response variables, and the available software tools that support DOE implementation in any laboratory. This review comes 3 years after the latest DOE review (Hibbert DB, 2012), which provided a comprehensive overview on the types of designs available and their statistical construction. Since that time, new classes of DOE, such as the definitive screening design, have emerged and new calls have been made for mass spectrometrists to adopt the practice. Rather than exhaustively cover all possible designs, we have highlighted the three most practical DOE classes available to mass spectrometrists. This review further differentiates itself by providing expert recommendations for experimental setup and defining DOE entirely in the context of three case-studies that highlight the utility of different designs to achieve different goals. A step-by-step tutorial is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Hecht
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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16
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Extractions of oil from Descurainia sophia seed using supercritical CO2, chemical compositions by GC-MS and evaluation of the anti-tussive, expectorant and anti-asthmatic activities. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26205055 PMCID: PMC6332279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Descurainia sophia is widely distributed in China and is one of the most troublesome annual weeds. It has diverse medicinal usage. D. sophia has abundant oil, making it an important oil plant in China. The main goal of this study was to obtain the maximum yield of the oil by an optimal selection of supercritical fluid extraction parameters. According to the central composite design and response surface methodology for supercritical fluid extraction method, a quadratic polynomial model was used to predict the yield of D. sophia seed oil. A series of runs was performed to assess the optimal extraction conditions. The results indicated that the extraction pressure had the greatest impact on oil yield within the range of the operating conditions studied. A total of approximately 67 compounds were separated in D. sophia seed oil by GC-MS, of which 51 compounds represented 98.21% of the total oils, for the first time. This study was also aimed at evaluating the anti-asthmatic, anti-tussive and expectorant activities in vivo of D. sophia seed oil which supplied for further research on bioactive constituents and pharmacological mechanisms.
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17
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Fast determination of intact glucosinolates in broccoli leaf by pressurized liquid extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2015; 76:498-505. [PMID: 28455030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate for the first time the efficiency of an environmentally sustainable extraction technique (pressurized liquid extraction, PLE) in conjunction with a fast separation technique (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC) coupled to a selective mass spectrometry (MS) detector (quadrupole time-of-flight, qTOF) to extract, separate and quantify fifteen intact-glucosinolates (GLSs) in broccoli leaves. Firstly, we have developed and optimized by means of an experimental design an efficient extraction procedure based on PLE (using ethanol/water as a solvent), giving complete extraction within 15min; meanwhile, the average analyte recoveries were between 85% and 96% in all cases. Chromatography was performed on a UHPLC BEH Shield RP18 1.7μm 110Å (2.1×100mm) analytical column with a mobile phase composed by formic acid in water (0.5%, v/v) and formic acid in acetonitrile (0.5%, v/v) in gradient elution mode at 0.3mL/min, resulted in baseline-separated peaks and a run time of 13min. The method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), linearity, precision, and trueness; meanwhile a study of the matrix effect was also performed. A good selectivity, low LODs and LOQs, ranging from 2 to 26μg/g, wide linear ranges from LOQ to 2500μg/g, and satisfactory precision and trueness with relative standard deviation and relative error values lower than or equal to 9%, were obtained for the studied GLSs. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of intact-GLSs in fifteen broccoli leaf samples from three different cultivars (Parthenon, Nubia, and Naxos). Nine intact-GLSs were detected in all the varieties, although in different concentrations, which ranged between 14 and 1136μg/g, depending on the broccoli cultivar. In addition, the highest total content of GLSs was found in broccoli leaf samples from Parthenon cultivar, being the Naxos cultivar the poorest in GLS content. This study demonstrates the efficiency of PLE as an environmentally sustainable alternative to extract intact-GLS from broccoli leaves, and that UHPLC-qTOF-MS allowed a rapid, selective and sensitive determination of intact-GLSs in this matrix.
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Moawed E, Abulkibash A, El-Shahat M. Synthesis of tannic acid azo polyurethane sorbent and its application for extraction and determination of atrazine and prometryn pesticides in foods and water samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Lagunas-Allué L, Sanz-Asensio J, Martínez-Soria M. Mobility and distribution of eight fungicides in surface, skin and pulp in grapes. An application to pyraclostrobin and boscalid. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Pastor-Belda M, Garrido I, Campillo N, Viñas P, Hellín P, Flores P, Fenoll J. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of new generation pesticides in soils by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1394:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Chemometric assisted ultrasound leaching-solid phase extraction followed by dispersive-solidification liquid–liquid microextraction for determination of organophosphorus pesticides in soil samples. Talanta 2015; 137:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Chaiyarat R, Sookjam C, Eiam-Ampai K, Damrongphol P. Organochlorine pesticide levels in the food web in rice paddies of Bueng Boraphet wetland, Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:230. [PMID: 25847418 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The contamination by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) of water, sediments, rice grains and leaves, and animals of different trophic levels, collected from rice paddies surrounding Bueng Boraphet wetland, central Thailand, was studied during November 2009 to February 2010. The levels of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (ΣDDT) were too low to be detected in any samples. High levels of total hexachlorocyclohexanes (ΣHCH) and total aldrins (ΣALD) and low levels of total chlordanes (ΣCHL) were detected in both sediments and rice grains. α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, and aldrin in rice grains exceeded the acceptable limits set by the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand. Rice grains were at high risk of contamination due to the direct spraying of OCPs. Fishes were contaminated with moderate levels of aldrin. Continued surveys of pesticide contamination in water, sediments, and organisms of each trophic level are recommended to more effectively monitor and control agricultural pesticide usage around Bueng Boraphet wetland and to further assess the ecological risks and impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattanawat Chaiyarat
- Wildlife and Plant Research Center, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand,
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Niazi A, Khorshidi N, Ghaemmaghami P. Microwave-assisted of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and spectrophotometric determination of uranium after optimization based on Box-Behnken design and chemometrics methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:69-75. [PMID: 25062051 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study an analytical procedure based on microwave-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (MA-DLLME) and spectrophotometric coupled with chemometrics methods is proposed to determine uranium. In the proposed method, 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) is used as a chelating agent, and chloroform and ethanol are selected as extraction and dispersive solvent. The optimization strategy is carried out by using two level full factorial designs. Results of the two level full factorial design (2(4)) based on an analysis of variance demonstrated that the pH, concentration of PAR, amount of dispersive and extraction solvents are statistically significant. Optimal condition for three variables: pH, concentration of PAR, amount of dispersive and extraction solvents are obtained by using Box-Behnken design. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graphs are linear in the range of 20.0-350.0 ng mL(-1) with detection limit of 6.7 ng mL(-1) (3δB/slope) and the enrichment factor of this method for uranium reached at 135. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) is 1.64% (n=7, c=50 ng mL(-1)). The partial least squares (PLS) modeling was used for multivariate calibration of the spectrophotometric data. The orthogonal signal correction (OSC) was used for preprocessing of data matrices and the prediction results of model, with and without using OSC, were statistically compared. MA-DLLME-OSC-PLS method was presented for the first time in this study. The root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP) for uranium determination using PLS and OSC-PLS models were 4.63 and 0.98, respectively. This procedure allows the determination of uranium synthesis and real samples such as waste water with good reliability of the determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Niazi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
| | - Neda Khorshidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Pegah Ghaemmaghami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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24
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Mohammadi M, Tavakoli H, Abdollahzadeh Y, Khosravi A, Torkaman R, Mashayekhi A. Ultra-preconcentration and determination of organophosphorus pesticides in soil samples by a combination of ultrasound assisted leaching-solid phase extraction and low-density solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11959f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
USAL-SPE-LDS-DLLME has been applied for the determination of OPPs in soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoush Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- South Tehran Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
| | - Hamed Tavakoli
- The Young Research Club of the Islamic Azad University
- Nour
- Iran
| | | | - Amir Khosravi
- Young Researchers and Elites Club
- North Tehran Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Rezvan Torkaman
- Oil and Gas Centre of Excellence
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
| | - Ashkan Mashayekhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- South Tehran Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
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25
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A simple, fast and cheap non-SPE screening method for antibacterial residue analysis in milk and liver using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 129:374-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Pose-Juan E, Herrero-Hernández E, Álvarez-Martín A, Sánchez-Martín MJ, Rodríguez-Cruz MS. Development of a procedure for the multiresidue analysis of pesticides in vineyard soils and its application to real samples. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2215-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pose-Juan
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC); Cordel de Merinas Salamanca Spain
| | - Eliseo Herrero-Hernández
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC); Cordel de Merinas Salamanca Spain
| | - Alba Álvarez-Martín
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC); Cordel de Merinas Salamanca Spain
| | - María J. Sánchez-Martín
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC); Cordel de Merinas Salamanca Spain
| | - M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC); Cordel de Merinas Salamanca Spain
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27
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A new analytical method to determine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in surface water using in situ derivatization combined with ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 129:552-9. [PMID: 25127632 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Because of the high stability and potential toxic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it is important to closely monitor their concentrations in the environment using a sensitive analytical method. In this study, a simple, rapid, efficient, and sensitive analytical method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to determine the levels of seven common NSAIDs in various types of surface water. To simplify sample preparation, in situ derivatization using methyl chloroformate was combined with ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction. For selection and optimization of significant variables, experiments were statistically designed using Plackett-Burman design and central composite design. The resulting optimal conditions for derivatization and extraction were 100 μL of chloroform (extraction solvent), 10.0 mL of sample, and 240 μL of pyridine (catalyst as a base in derivatization). The optimized sample preparation coupled with optimized GC-MS analysis in selected ion monitoring mode provided good linearity from 0.010 to 5.0 ng mL(-1), and a limit of detection between 0.0050 and 0.010 ng mL(-1), good intra-day and inter-day precision (0.30-6.3% and 5.1-9.5%, respectively), and good accuracy (relative recovery; 91-117% at 0.20 ng mL(-1) and 77-105% at 2.5 ng mL(-1)). Compared with previously reported methods, the current method requires a small volume of sample and simple sample preparation steps for sensitive determination of NSAID levels using a conventional GC-MS system. The method was successfully applied to determine the levels of seven common NSAIDs in various types of surface water.
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28
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Park SI, Park JH, Ko AY, Abd El-Aty AM, Goudah A, Jang J, Rahman MM, Kim MR, Shim JH. Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction method for detection of fluquinconazole and tetraconazole in soil using gas chromatography and confirmation using GC-MS: application to dissipation kinetics. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:774-81. [PMID: 24861743 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish an analytical method to detect fluquinconazole and tetraconazole in soil using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography (GC). The optimal extraction conditions for SFE were: temperature, 60 °C; pressure, 280 kg/cm(2) ; extraction time, 50 min; and a 10% modifier ratio. The linearity of the calibration curves was good and yielded a determination coefficient (R(2) ) ≥ 0.995. The soil samples were fortified with known quantities of the analytes at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.02 and 0.1 µg/g for fluquinconazole; 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 µg/g for tetraconazole), and the recoveries ranged between 83.7 and 94.1%. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were 1.3-10.6 and 2.2-11.9% for fluquinconazole and tetraconazole, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.002 and 0.01 µg/g for fluquinconazole and 0.01 and 0.05 for tetraconazole, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of soil residues collected from an onion field. The results show that a combination of SFE and GC can be used as an environmentally friendly technique to detect fungicides in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Im Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
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29
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Sharif K, Rahman M, Azmir J, Mohamed A, Jahurul M, Sahena F, Zaidul I. Experimental design of supercritical fluid extraction – A review. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Kaur R, Rani S, Malik AK, Aulakh JS. Determination of endosulfan isomers and their metabolites in tap water and commercial samples using microextraction by packed sorbent and GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:966-73. [PMID: 24532542 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive method using microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) followed by GC-MS has been pursued for the determination of organochlorine insecticide endosulfan isomers (α and β) and their metabolites (ether, lactone and sulfate). MEPS is a miniaturised version of SPE employing C18 packing material. It is very efficient technique as it employs as low as 10 μL of sample volume. The distinct feature of MEPS is the magnitude of the elution volume that could be directly injected to GC system. Various parameters such as extraction cycles, washing solvent, elution solvent, elution volume and pH, which influenced the MEPS performance, were tested and optimised. The calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range 1-500 ng/mL. The results showed a close correlation coefficient (R(2) > 0.991) for all analytes in the calibration range studied. The LOD and LOQ obtained for GC-MS under selected ion monitoring acquisition are between 0.0038-0.01 and 0.0125-0.033 ng/mL, respectively. The developed method is applicable for the quantification of these compounds in tap water and commercial samples. This method has been shown to be selective as no interferences from endogenous substances were detected by analysis. This method not only decreases sample preparation time but is cheaper, eco-friendly and easier to perform compared to traditional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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31
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Li M, Jin Y, Li HF, Hashi Y, Ma Y, Lin JM. Rapid determination of residual pesticides in tobacco by the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample pretreatment method coupled with LC-MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2522-9. [PMID: 23720213 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample pretreatment method coupled with LC-MS was developed for the determination of 11 pesticides in tobacco. Sample pretreatment parameters and instrumental parameters of LC-MS were investigated, and the optimal conditions were selected. Under the optimized conditions, the 11 pesticides were detected simultaneously with a good linear relationship (r(2) = 0.9993-0.9999) and high precisions (less than 5% of the RSD of peak areas). The LODs were in the range of 0.1-5.0 μg/L. Compared with SPE clean-up, QuEChERS greatly simplified the sample pretreatment with simple solvent extraction system. After QuEChERS pretreatment, no serious matrix effects were observed. Used for the analysis of real samples, metalaxyl was found in cigarette and tobacco samples at 63.47 and 132.27 ng/g, respectively. The recoveries for 11 pesticides were in the range of 70.03-118.69%, and RSDs were less than 10%. The proposed method is simple, low cost, and has good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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32
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Salemi A, Rasoolzadeh R, Nejad MM, Vosough M. Ultrasonic assisted headspace single drop micro-extraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector for determination of organophosphorus pesticides in soil. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 769:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Fernandes VC, Domingues VF, Mateus N, Delerue-Matos C. Multiresidue pesticides analysis in soils using modified QuEChERS with disposable pipette extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:376-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia C. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE; Instituto Superior de Engenharia; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Porto Portugal
- CIQ-Centro de Investigação em Química, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Faculdade de Ciência da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Valentina F. Domingues
- REQUIMTE; Instituto Superior de Engenharia; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- CIQ-Centro de Investigação em Química, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Faculdade de Ciência da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE; Instituto Superior de Engenharia; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Porto Portugal
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Moawed E, El-Shahat M. Extraction of Triazine Herbicides by Polyhydroxyl-Polyurethane Foam in Environmental Samples. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 52:12-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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35
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Bhadouria BS, Mathur VB, Kaul R. Monitoring of organochlorine pesticides in and around Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5295-5300. [PMID: 21927784 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Keoladeo National Park (KNP) is an important wintering ground for thousands of birds that undertake a perilous journey over the Himalaya to make a seasonal home in a wetland ecosystem. However, this wetland is now getting polluted by various types of contaminants such as pesticides because of the agricultural practices in the catchment area from where the park receives water. Keeping this in mind, the present study has been undertaken to assess the organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in the sediments inside and around KNP. Samples were collected from the different blocks of the park. The concentrations of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, S-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, hept.epoxide, endosulfan-I, endosulfan-II, endo.sulfate, S-endosulfan, endrin, 4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDD, and DDT were quantified using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Analysis showed that the samples were contaminated with the above mentioned pesticides and that the concentration of total OCPs in the sediments varied from 0.1173 (dieldrin) to 5.558 ppm (γ HCH) in the samples collected from inside the park, whereas a range of pesticides varying in concentration from 0.1245 (4,4'-DDD) to 7.54 ppm (γ HCH) was found in samples from outside the park. Residues of S-HCH and S-endosulfan were not detected in any of the sediment samples. The occurrence of pesticides inside the park is a major threat to the park's biodiversity. Eco-friendly agriculture practices with minimal use of inorganic chemicals are suggested to minimize the pesticide residue levels in the park.
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Forero-Mendieta JR, Castro-Vargas HI, Parada-Alfonso F, Guerrero-Dallos JA. Extraction of pesticides from soil using supercritical carbon dioxide added with methanol as co-solvent. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Rahman NNNA, Zhari S, Sarker MZI, Ferdosh S, Yunus MAC, Kadir MOA. Profile ofParkia speciosaHassk Metabolites Extracted with SFE using FTIR-PCA Method. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Osman R, Saim N, Juahir H, Abdullah MP. Chemometric application in identifying sources of organic contaminants in Langat river basin. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:1001-1014. [PMID: 21494831 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Increasing urbanization and changes in land use in Langat river basin lead to adverse impacts on the environment compartment. One of the major challenges is in identifying sources of organic contaminants. This study presented the application of selected chemometric techniques: cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), and principal component analysis (PCA) to classify the pollution sources in Langat river basin based on the analysis of water and sediment samples collected from 24 stations, monitored for 14 organic contaminants from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sterols, and pesticides groups. The CA and DA enabled to group 24 monitoring sites into three groups of pollution source (industry and urban socioeconomic, agricultural activity, and urban/domestic sewage) with five major discriminating variables: naphthalene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, coprostanol, and cholesterol. PCA analysis, applied to water data sets, resulted in four latent factors explaining 79.0% of the total variance while sediment samples gave five latent factors with 77.6% explained variance. The varifactors (VFs) obtained from PCA indicated that sterols (coprostanol, cholesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmastanol) are strongly correlated to domestic and urban sewage, PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene) from industrial and urban activities and chlorpyrifos correlated to samples nearby agricultural sites. The results demonstrated that chemometric techniques can be used for rapid assessment of water and sediment contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Osman
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zhao YG, Shen HY, Shi JW, Chen XH, Jin MC. Preparation and characterization of amino functionalized nano-composite material and its application for multi-residue analysis of pesticides in cabbage by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5568-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Caicedo P, Schröder A, Ulrich N, Schröter U, Paschke A, Schüürmann G, Ahumada I, Richter P. Determination of lindane leachability in soil-biosolid systems and its bioavailability in wheat plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:397-402. [PMID: 21524779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The leachability of lindane from different biosolid amended soils was determined and compared to its bioavailability. Sand, soil, and a mixture of soil-sand (1:1 w/w) were spiked with lindane, blended with different amounts of biosolids, and subjected to a leaching process with water that lasted for 1-28 d. This procedure is in accordance with ISO/TS 21268-1: 2007. After these batch tests, lindane was extracted from the leachates using three different solvent-free microextraction techniques, including solid phase microextraction (SPME), stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and silicone rod extraction (SRE). The amount of lindane was determined with thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The efficiencies of the three microextraction techniques were statistically different, and the efficiency could be related to the amount of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in each extraction device. However, all of the techniques provide data that shows that the leachability of lindane is dependent on the amount of organic matter contained in the matrix. The results of the lindane leachability assay were compared to the bioavailability of lindane, which was determined by measuring the amount of lindane that accumulated in the roots of wheat plants grown in similar soil-biosolid systems. It was confirmed that the amount of organic matter in the matrix is a determining factor for lindane immobilization. The presence of biosolids decreases the mobility of lindane in all of the systems under study. Similarly, increasing biosolid concentrations in the soil significantly decreased the bioavailability of lindane and, consequently, plant absorption. The good correlation (R(2)=0.997) between the leachability of lindane from the matrix and plant absorption of lindane indicates that the proposed biomimetic methodology can predict the bioavailability of lindane in a time period as short as 7d. The results of this work confirm that amending contaminated soils with biosolids is beneficial for immobilizing lindane and helps prevent the percolation of lindane through the soil profile and into groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Caicedo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile
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Wabel MA, Saeid ME, Turki AA, Nasser GA. Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Saudi Arabia Agricultural Soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/rjes.2011.269.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Development of an Analytical Method Based on Accelerated Solvent Extraction, Solid-Phase Extraction Clean-Up, then GC–ECD for Analysis of Fourteen Organochlorine Pesticides in Cereal Crops. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Farré M, Pérez S, Gonçalves C, Alpendurada M, Barceló D. Green analytical chemistry in the determination of organic pollutants in the aquatic environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Quan C, Shang YG, Li SF, Tang SK, Huang T, Fang X. Kinetic study of supercritical fluid extraction of organochlorine pesticides from ginseng by Simulink® simulation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sunarso J, Ismadji S. Decontamination of hazardous substances from solid matrices and liquids using supercritical fluids extraction: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 161:1-20. [PMID: 18434005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid has been adopted as an extraction media to remove various kinds of substances from distinct types of solid matrices since three decades ago. Compared to conventional extraction mode, supercritical fluid extraction technology is preferred because of the flexibility in adjusting its dissolving power and inherent elimination of organic solvent which means reducing time and money needed for subsequent purification. Utilization of this method as an environmental remedial technology, however, has become a trend only after its accomplishment in analytical chemistry was acknowledged. This review tries to summarize in a comprehensive manner the multitude aspects involved in hazardous compounds removal from miscellaneous class of environmental matrices. The industrial adsorbent regeneration using supercritical fluid technology is also discussed. Although, this technology has been successfully realized for environmental remediation in laboratory and on pilot-plant scale, its commercialization attempts still lack significant technology improvement in order to reach the economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Sunarso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia
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Kim MS, Kang TW, Pyo H, Yoon J, Choi K, Hong J. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in sediment using graphitized carbon black solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1208:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 08/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Raina R, Hall P. Comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electron ionization and negative-ion chemical ionization for analyses of pesticides at trace levels in atmospheric samples. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2008; 3:111-25. [PMID: 19609395 PMCID: PMC2701172 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A comparison of detection limits of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with both electron ionization (EI) and negative-ion chemical ionization (NCI) are presented for over 50 pesticides ranging from organochlorines (OCs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and pre-emergent herbicides used in the Canadian prairies (triallate, trifluralin, ethalfluralin). The developed GC-EI/SIM, GC-NCI/SIM, and GC-NCI/SRM are suitable for the determination of pesticides in air sample extracts at concentrations <100 pg μL−1 (<100 pg m−3 in air). No one method could be used to analyze the range of pre-emergent herbicides, OPs, and OCs investigated. In general GC-NCI/SIM provided the lowest method detection limits (MDLs commonly 2.5–10 pg μL−1) along with best confirmation (<25% RSD of ion ratio), while GC-NCI/SRM is recommended for use where added selectivity or confirmation is required (such as parathion-ethyl, tokuthion, carbofenothion). GC-EI/SRM at concentration <100 pg μL−1 was not suitable for most pesticides. GC-EI/SIM was more prone to interference issues than NCI methods, but gave good sensitivity (MDLs 1–10 pg μL−1) for pesticides with poor NCI response (OPs: sulfotep, phorate, aspon, ethion, and OCs: alachlor, aldrin, perthane, and DDE, DDD, DDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Raina
- University of Regina, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Trace Analysis Facility (TAF), 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, Canada.
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Farhadi K, Bahram M, Shokatynia D, Salehiyan F. Central Composite Design Applied to the Optimization of a Triiodide Polymeric Membrane Electrode based on Triiodide-Piroxicam Ion Pair. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802209318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry (Ad-SSWV) accomplished with second-order multivariate calibration. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 618:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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García-Rodríguez D, Carro-Díaz AM, Lorenzo-Ferreira RA. Supercritical fluid extraction of polyhalogenated pollutants from aquaculture and marine environmental samples: A review. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1333-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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