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LC–MS/MS Coupled with Chemometric Analysis as an Approach for the Differentiation of Fritillariae cirrhosae Bulbus and Fritillariae pallidiflorae Bulbus. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus (FCB) is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) for the treatment of cough and phlegm. Due to increasing demand and the complexity of FCB’s botanical origin, various substitutes have appeared in the market, resulting in a major challenge to distinguish FCB and its substitutes (F. pallidiflorae bulbus, FPB). Therefore, discriminating FCB from FPB has becoming an urgent necessity. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of nine steroidal alkaloids (imperialine-3-β-D-glucoside, imperialine, verticine, verticinone, peimisine, yibeinoside A, delavine, delavinone, ebeidinone) within 8 min. According to the composition and content of the above nine compounds, multivariate chemometric analyses were applied for the classification of FCB and FPB. The quantitative results showed that there were both similarities and differences in the content of nine steroidal alkaloids between FCB and FPB, and it was difficult to directly distinguish these two species. Fortunately, with the aid of chemometric analyses, FCB and FPB were successfully differentiated by partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) models based on the nine alkaloids’ content. Moreover, four compounds (yibeinoside A, ebeiedinone, delavinone and imperialine) were discovered as potential markers for the identification and differentiation of FCB and FPB. Additionally, compared to other studies, this work collected a large number of samples (49 batches of FCB and 17 batches of FPB) to ensure the reliability of the results. In conclusion, this work established a new approach for the authentication of FCB based on its active components, which provides a good reference for the quality control of FCB and will help us to understand the chemical composition differences between FCB and its adulterants further.
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UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics and Molecular Networking Reveal the Differential Chemical Constituents of the Bulbs and Flowers of Fritillaria thunbergii. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206944. [PMID: 36296537 PMCID: PMC9609367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both the bulbs and flowers of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (BFT and FFT) are widely applied as expectorants and antitussives in traditional Chinese medicine, but few studies have been conducted to compare the chemical compositions of these plant parts. In this study, 50% methanol extracts of BFT and FFT were analyzed via UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS, and the feasibility of using non-targeted UHPLC-HRMS metabolomics and molecular networking to address the authentication of bulb and flower samples was evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), and heat map analysis showed there were dissimilar metabolites in BFT and FFT. As a result, 252 and 107 peaks in positive ion mode and negative mode, respectively, were considered to represent significant difference variables between BFT and FFT. Then, MS/MS-based molecular networking of BFT and FFT was constructed to perform an in-depth characterization of the peaks using different variables. A total of 31 alkaloids with significant differences were annotated in this paper, including seven cis-D/E-vevanine without C20-OH and one trans-D/E-cevanine with C20-OH, thirteen trans-D/E-cevanine without C20-OH, five cevanine N-oxide, and five veratramine. Among the 31 alkaloids, eight alkaloids had higher FFT than BFT contents, while all the flavonoids identified in our work had greater FFT than BFT contents. The influence of different ingredients on the pharmacological activities of BFT and FFT should be investigated in future studies.
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Research progress on the analysis of active ingredients and elements in Fritillaria ussuriensis Bulbus. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jensen MB, Rød KE, Švarc PL, Oveland E, Jakobsen J. Vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones) in foods – Cost-effective quantification by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Food Chem 2022; 385:132672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wang Y, Hou H, Ren Q, Hu H, Yang T, Li X. Natural drug sources for respiratory diseases from Fritillaria: chemical and biological analyses. Chin Med 2021; 16:40. [PMID: 34059098 PMCID: PMC8165352 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fritillaria naturally grows in the temperate region of Northern Hemisphere and mainly distributes in Central Asia, Mediterranean region, and North America. The dried bulbs from a dozen species of this genus have been usually used as herbal medicine, named Beimu in China. Beimu had rich sources of phytochemicals and have extensively applied to respiratory diseases including coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Fritillaria species have alkaloids that act as the main active components that contribute multiple biological activities, including anti-tussive, expectorant, and anti-asthmatic effects, especially against certain respiratory diseases. Other compounds (terpenoids, steroidal saponins, and phenylpropanoids) have also been identified in species of Fritillaria. In this review, readers will discover a brief summary of traditional uses and a comprehensive description of the chemical profiles, biological properties, and analytical techniques used for quality control. In general, the detailed summary reveals 293 specialized metabolites that have been isolated and analyzed in Fritillaria species. This review may provide a scientific basis for the chemical ecology and metabolomics in which compound identification of certain species remains a limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 16, Neinanxiao Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongping Hou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 16, Neinanxiao Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, 272000, China
| | - Haoyu Hu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 16, Neinanxiao Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tiechui Yang
- Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (Hong Kong) Limited, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiwen Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 16, Neinanxiao Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Yin YH, Zheng JY, Wang XN, Qian SY, Liu XY, Liu LF, Xin GZ. In silico production of relative correction factor for the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:124-128. [PMID: 31359524 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional methods to derive experimentally-generated relative correction factors (RCFs) for the quantitative analysis of herbal multi-components by single marker (QAMS) method require reference standards and multiple validations with different instruments and columns, which hampers high throughput implementation. OBJECTIVES To effectively reduce the application amounts of raw material and provide higher and more stable accuracy, this study aimed to develop a method to computationally generate RCFs of herbal components. MATERIALS AND METHODS This strategy included the published data collection, calibration curves screening, computer algorithm-based RCFs generation and accuracy validation. RESULTS Using the in silico approach, we have successfully produced 133 RCFs for the multi-component quantitative analysis of 63 widely used herbs. CONCLUSION Compared with conventional RCFs, this in silico method would be a low cost and highly efficient way to produce practical RCFs for the QAMS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Ying Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Yang L, Zhang M, Yang T, Wai Ming T, Wai Gaun TK, Ye B. LC-MS/MS coupled with chemometric analysis as an approach for the differentiation of bulbus Fritillaria unibracteata and Fritillaria ussuriensis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2021; 32:957-969. [PMID: 33619840 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bulbus Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia is an important traditional Chinese medicine, widely used for the treatment of coughs, phlegm and asthma for thousands of years. Due to an increasing demand in clinic practices, a variety of substitutes have appeared in the market, resulting in a big challenge in the differentiation of bulbus F. unibracteata and its substitutes. AIM To differentiate bulbus F. unibracteata and its substitutes (bulbus Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.) based on their main isosteroidal alkaloid contents, and to test the potentiality of chemometrics as a tool for discrimination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The nine isosteroidal alkaloids in 61 batches of Fritillariae bulbus were simultaneously quantitated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to classify the two kinds of Fritillariae bulbus. RESULTS Quantitative analysis showed that there were differences in the content of the nine alkaloids between two kinds of Fritillariae bulbus. According to the content of nine isosteroidal alkaloids, bulbus of F. unibracteata and F. ussuriensis were successfully distinguished by PCA model. Among these isosteroidal alkaloids, verticine and verticinone may be used as potential chemical markers for the identification and differentiation between the two kinds of Fritillaria bulbus. CONCLUSION The LC-MS/MS method coupled with PCA would be a powerful strategy to differentiate bulbus F. unibracteata and substitute specimens for quality evaluation and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiechui Yang
- New Drug Research and Development Department, Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tse Wai Ming
- New Drug Research and Development Department, Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tse Kathy Wai Gaun
- New Drug Research and Development Department, Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bengui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen L, Zhang Q, Lin Y, Lu X, Zhong Z, Ma J, Wen C, Ding C. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of hapepunine in mice by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was established to determine the hapepunine in mouse blood, and the pharmacokinetics of hapepunine after intravenous (1.0 mg/kg) and intragastric (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) administrations was studied. Delavinone was used as an internal standard. The UPLC ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column was used for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid with a gradient elution flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantitative analysis of hapepunine in electrospray ionization (ESI) positive interface. Proteins from mouse blood were removed by acetonitrile precipitation. The verification method was established in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bioanalytical method validation guidelines. In the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL, the hapepunine in the mouse blood was linear (r2 > 0.995), and the lower limit of quantification was 1.0 ng/mL. In the mouse blood, the intra-day precision coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 12%, the inter-day precision CV was less than 14%. The accuracy ranged from 91.7% to 109.3%. The average recovery was higher than 76.7%, and the matrix effect was between 86.0% and 106.4%. The UPLC–MS/MS method was sensitive, rapid, and selective and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of hapepunine in mice. The absolute bioavailability of hapepunine was 22.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou People's HospitalWenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- 2 Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical IndustryShanghai 201203, China
| | - Yijing Lin
- 2 Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical IndustryShanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- 2 Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical IndustryShanghai 201203, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhong
- 2 Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical IndustryShanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- 3 Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, China
| | - Congcong Wen
- 3 Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- 4 The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, China
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Li C, Liu Y, Feng H, Ma S. Effect of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties of bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia powder. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3527-3537. [PMID: 31763003 PMCID: PMC6848833 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to determine the influence of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties of bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia (BFU) powder. For this purpose, fine powder (FP) and two superfine powders (SPs) were obtained via superfine and conventional grinding methods. The properties of different powders were studied and compared. Compared with FP, SPs exhibited higher values in terms of the angle of repose, swelling capacity, ethanol extraction yield, total alkaloid content, and imperialine content, while lower values in terms of particle size and bulk density. Especially, the total alkaloid content of SP-I increased by 66.7%. Proper grinding is more conducive to reduce particle size and improve alkaloid content. FTIR analysis indicates that no new functional groups produced after superfine grinding. XRD analysis suggests that grinding treatment lead to decreases in the crystallinity. Therefore, superfine grinding displays immense potential in the BFU application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai‐xia Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Biological ResourcesXiningChina
| | - Ying‐ying Liu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Biological ResourcesXiningChina
| | - Hai‐sheng Feng
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Biological ResourcesXiningChina
| | - Shi‐zhen Ma
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Biological ResourcesXiningChina
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Zhong Y, Wang H, Wei Q, Cao R, Zhang H, He Y, Wang L. Combining DNA Barcoding and HPLC Fingerprints to Trace Species of an Important Traditional Chinese Medicine Fritillariae Bulbus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183269. [PMID: 31500338 PMCID: PMC6766824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fritillariae Bulbus is a precious Chinese herbal medicine that is grown at high elevation and used to relieve coughs, remove phlegm, and nourish the lungs. Historically, Fritillariae Bulbus has been divided into two odourless crude drugs: Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus. However, now the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has described five Fritillariae Bulbus—the new additions include Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus, Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus, and Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbus. Because the morphology of dried Fritillariae Bulbus is similar, it is difficult to accurately identify the different types of Fritillariae Bulbus. In the current study, we develop a method combining DNA barcoding and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to help distinguish Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus from other Fritillariae Bulbus and guarantee species traceability of the five types of Fritillariae Bulbus. We report on the validation of an integrated analysis method for plant species identification using DNA barcoding that is based on genetic distance, identification efficiency, inter- and intra-specific variation, calculated nearest distance, neighbour-joining tree and barcoding gap. Our results show that the DNA barcoding data successfully identified the five Fritillariae Bulbus by internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and ITS2, with the ability to distinguish the species origin of these Fritillariae Bulbus. ITS2 can serve as a potentially useful DNA barcode for the Fritillaria species. Additionally, the effective chemical constituents are identified by HPLC combined with a chemical identification method to classify Fritillaria. The HPLC fingerprint data and HCA (hierarchical clustering analysis) show that Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus is clearly different from Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus and Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbus, but there is no difference between Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus, and Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus. These results show that DNA barcoding and HPLC fingerprinting can discriminate between the five Fritillariae Bulbus types and trace species to identify related species that are genetically similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qianhe Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yongzhi He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lizhi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Application of quantitative analysis of multi-component system approach for determination of ginsenosides in different mass-spectrometric conditions. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1574:82-90. [PMID: 30217383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The lack of standard substances is a bottleneck for quality control in traditional and alternative medicine. Development of the HPLC-UV approaches combined with single standard for quantitative analysis of multi-component system (QAMS) allowed determination of several plant biomarkers by implementation of the relative response factors (RRFs). Robustness and ruggedness of such methods are commonly demonstrated by performing the analysis in changing analytical conditions on the different HPLC equipment and columns. The nature of MS detection is much more complicated and dependent on the instrumentation. Therefore, this study was conducted to justify the use of RRFs for HPLC-MS determination of bioactive compounds from plants. Protopanaxatriol (PPT), protopanaxadiol (PPD) and ocotillol (OT) ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) were successfully separated on a reversed-phase PFP-column with high group selectivity. Fragmentation patterns for these groups of compounds were established on different HPLC-ESI-MS systems and at varied declustering potentials (DPs). The use of sapogenin fragmentation ions in positive detection mode along with group reference standards was shown to be an optimal way to perform quantification. The performance of the developed group targeted HPLC-MS-QAMS approach was tested in the course of measurements conducted on the different instrumentation. The differences between QAMS and external standard method (ESM) quantification results were below 15% for all determined saponins.
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Shukla M, Francis FM, Lal J. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of a potent H 3 receptor antagonist conessine in serum and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2018; 24:289-298. [PMID: 29554815 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718756226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conessine, a steroidal alkaloid obtained from the bark and seeds of the plant species of Apocynaceae family, elicits a histamine antagonistic action, selectively for the H3 histaminergic receptors. This alkaloid is used mainly for the treatment of dysentery and helminthic disorders. For the quantification of conessine in serum, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax SB-CN column (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm), and a mobile phase consisting of 90% methanol in aqueous ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.5) with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid at an isocratic flow rate of 0.6 ml/min at 40℃ provides efficiency in separation. A volume of 40 µl was injected each time and the run time for each sample was 5 min. Phenacetin (internal standard) was added to 50 µl of serum sample prior to liquid-liquid extraction using 3% isopropanol in n-hexane. The detection was performed on a 5500 QTRAP mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring mode via electrospray ionization source. The multiple reaction monitoring of conessine and IS was m/ z 357.4 to m/ z 312.1 and m/ z 180.1 to m/ z 138.1, respectively. The method that showed selectivity and linearity in the range of 1-200 ng/ml was validated in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, precision and stability. The detection and quantitation limits were recognized at 0.1 and 1 ng/ml, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy fulfils the acceptance criteria. Applying the method to the pharmacokinetic studies in rats, conessine showed a peak serum concentration at 2 h post oral dose with a good bioavailability of 71.28 ± 4.65%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Shukla
- 1 Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- 2 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Femi M Francis
- 1 Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, India
| | - Jawahar Lal
- 1 Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- 2 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
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Geng Z, Liu Y, Gou Y, Zhou Q, He C, Guo L, Zhou J, Xiong L. Metabolomics Study of Cultivated Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae at Different Growth Stages using UHPLC-QTOF-MS Coupled with Multivariate Data Analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:290-299. [PMID: 29336082 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae (known as Chuān bèi mǔ in China, BFC) contain fritillaria steroidal alkaloids as the bioactive ingredients and are widely used as traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cough and phlegm. Due to limited wild resources, the cultivated species are becoming predominantly used in Chinese traditional medicine markets. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of different growth stages on the alkaloids of cultivated BFC and establish a reference for quality control and guidance for appropriate harvesting practices. METHODS The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) metabolomic strategy was applied to determine potential chemical markers for the discrimination and quality control of cultivated BFC in different growth stages. The molecular feature extraction and multivariate statistical analysis were applied to alkaloid extraction and full metabolomic profiling of cultivated BFC for classification and marker compound characterisation. RESULT This approach allowed the establishment of a fast and efficient comparative multivariate analysis of the metabolite composition of 42 samples covering growth of cultivated BFC ranging in age from one to seven years old. Four alkaloid compounds were identified in cultivated BFC based on accurate mass, retention time, and MS/MS fragments. These compounds may be used as potential chemical markers for the classification and discrimination of cultivated BFC samples indifferent growth stages. CONCLUSIONS The proposed analytical method in combination with multivariate statistical analysis comprised a useful and powerful strategy to explore the chemical ingredients and transforming mechanisms of cultivated BFC and for quality evaluation and control. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Geng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - YiFei Liu
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gou
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - QinMei Zhou
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - ChengJun He
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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14
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Qin X, Lu Y, Peng Z, Fan S, Yao Y. Systematic Chemical Analysis Approach Reveals Superior Antioxidant Capacity via the Synergistic Effect of Flavonoid Compounds in Red Vegetative Tissues. Front Chem 2018; 6:9. [PMID: 29468147 PMCID: PMC5808280 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid system comprises an abundance of compounds with multiple functions; however, their potential synergism in antioxidant function remains unclear. We established an approach using ever-red (RL) and ever-green leaves (GL) of crabapple cultivars during their development to determine interrelationships among flavonoid compounds. RL scored significantly better than GL in terms of the type, composition, and diversity of flavonoids than GL. Principal component analysis predicted flavonoids in RL to have positive interaction effects, and the total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher than the sum of antioxidant capacities of the individual compounds. This synergy was verified by the high antioxidant capacity in rat serum after feeding on red leaves. Our findings suggest that the synergistic effect is a result of the high transcription levels regulated by McMYBs in RL. In summary, individual flavonoids cooperate in a flavonoid system, thus producing a synergistic antioxidant effect, and the approach used herein can provide insights into the roles of flavonoids and other compounds in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuangxi Fan
- Technology Industry Group, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Technology Industry Group, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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15
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Wu X, Chan SW, Ma J, Li P, Shaw PC, Lin G. Investigation of association of chemical profiles with the tracheobronchial relaxant activity of Chinese medicinal herb Beimu derived from various Fritillaria species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:39-46. [PMID: 28842340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu in Chinese) is derived from the bulbus of many Fritillaria species (family Liliaceae), which has been used as an antitussive herb in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years. Due to the complexity of plant origins and significant variations in chemical profiles, the characterization of the profile of the major bioactive constituents and its association with pharmacological activity are important for the quality control of Beimu herbs from different origins. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the distribution of major bioactive isosteroidal alkaloids in Beimu herbs of different origins and its correlation with the tracheobronchial relaxant activity. METHODS Quantification of 7 main bioactive 5α-cevanine isosteroidal alkaloids, including ebeiedine, ebeiedinone, hupehenine, isoverticine, verticine, verticinone and imperialine, in 23 Fritillaria species was performed using gas chromatography. The relaxant effect of different extracts of 4 commonly used Beimu herbs, namely Zhe-Beimu (F. thunbergii Miq.), Chuan-Beimu (F. cirrhosa D. Don), Hubei-Beimu (F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia) and Yi-Beimu (F. pallidiflora Schrenk), was evaluated using rat isolated tracheal and bronchial preparations pre-contracted with carbachol, the well established in vitro antitussive model. RESULTS Amongst 23 Fritillaria species detected, significant variations of the types and quantities of 7 major isosteroidal alkaloids were determined, which served as an important indicator for the classification of different Beimu herbs with distinct geographic distributions. Based on the type and quantity of these alkaloids, different origins of Beimu could be clearly clustered into several subgroups by principal component analysis. Furthermore, both crude alkaloid and water extracts of all 4 Beimu herbs showed a dose-dependent tracheobronchial relaxation with different potencies. The total content of alkaloids (weight adjusted based on the activity of individual alkaloids) in Beimu extracts significantly correlated with their tracheobronchial relaxation effects (r2 > 0.9, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the differences in chemical profile of major bioactive isosteroidal alkaloids and pharmacological activity of Beimu could be incorporated into a simple and unified method for quality control and potential prediction of activity of Beimu herbs from different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Jiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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16
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Mohammat A, Yili A, Aisa HA. Rapid Quantification and Quantitation of Alkaloids in Xinjiang Fritillaria by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050719. [PMID: 28468304 PMCID: PMC6154541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fritillaria genus, including different kinds of medicinal and edible plants belonging to the Liliaceae family which have the function of treating and relieving a cough and eliminating phlegm, is widely planted in Xinjiang (China). There are few comprehensive studies reporting on the characterization of the chemical constituents of Fritillaria from Xinjiang, and to date, no work describing the quantitative differences between the components in Fritillaria from Xinjiang and related species. The purpose of this study was to develop qualitative and quantitative analytical methods by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) for the rapid quantification and quantitation of alkaloids in wild and cultivated Xinjiang Fritillaria, which could be used in the quality control of medicine based on this natural herb. Using the UPLC-QTOF-MS method, the chemical constituents of Xinjiang Fritillaria were identified by fragmentation information and retention behavior, and were compared to reference standards. Furthermore, a quantitative comparision of four major alkaloids in wild and cultivated Xinjiang Fritillaria was conducted by determining the content of Sipeimine-3β-d-glucoside, Sipeimine, Peimisine, and Yibeinoside A, respectively. A total of 89 characteristic peaks, including more than 40 alkaloids, were identified in the chromatographic results of Fritillaria. Four main alkaloids were quantified by using a validated method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS. The relative contents of Sipeimine-3β-d-glucoside, Sipeimine, Peimisine, and Yibeinoside A varied from 0.0013%~0.1357%, 0.0066%~0.1218%, 0.0033%~0.0437%, and 0.0019%~0.1398%, respectively. A rough separation of wild and cultivated Fritillaria could be achieved by the cluster analysis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Mohammat
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
- Xinjiang Institute of Food and Drug Control, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - Abulimiti Yili
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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17
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Mohammed Abubakar B, Mohd Salleh F, Shamsir Omar MS, Wagiran A. Review: DNA Barcoding and Chromatography Fingerprints for the Authentication of Botanicals in Herbal Medicinal Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:1352948. [PMID: 28536641 PMCID: PMC5425840 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1352948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the global use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) due to their claimed health benefits. This has led to increase in their demand and consequently, also, resulted in massive adulteration. This is due to the fact that most of the traditional methods cannot identify closely related species in a process product form. Therefore the urgent need for simple and rapid identification methods resulted in the discovery of a novel technique. DNA barcoding is a process that uses short DNA sequence from the standard genome for species identification. This technique is reliable and is not affected by external factors such as climates, age, or plant part. The difficulties in isolation of DNA of high quality in addition to other factors are among the challenges encountered using the DNA barcoding in the authentication of HMP. These limitations indicated that using DNA barcoding alone may ineffectively authenticate the HMP. Therefore, the combination of DNA barcoding with chromatographic fingerprint, a popular and generally accepted technique for the assessment and quality control of HMP, will offer an efficient solution to effectively evaluate the authenticity and quality consistency of HMP. Detailed and quality information about the main composition of the HMPs will help to ascertain their efficacy and safety as these are very important for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Mohammed Abubakar
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauchi State University Gadau, PMB 065, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Faezah Mohd Salleh
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir Omar
- Department of Biosciences & Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Alina Wagiran
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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18
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Analysis of Indole Alkaloids from Rhazya stricta Hairy Roots by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2015; 20:22621-34. [PMID: 26694342 PMCID: PMC6332301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhazya stricta Decne. (Apocynaceae) contains a large number of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). This study focused on the composition of alkaloids obtained from transformed hairy root cultures of R. stricta employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). In the UPLC-MS analyses, a total of 20 TIAs were identified from crude extracts. Eburenine and vincanine were the main alkaloids followed by polar glucoalkaloids, strictosidine lactam and strictosidine. Secodine-type alkaloids, tetrahydrosecodinol, tetrahydro- and dihydrosecodine were detected too. The occurrence of tetrahydrosecodinol was confirmed for the first time for R. stricta. Furthermore, two isomers of yohimbine, serpentine and vallesiachotamine were identified. The study shows that a characteristic pattern of biosynthetically related TIAs can be monitored in Rhazya hairy root crude extract by this chromatographic method.
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19
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Wang L, Yao ZP, Li P, Chen SB, So PK, Shi ZQ, Hu B, Liu LF, Xin GZ. Global detection and semi-quantification of Fritillaria
alkaloids in Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus by a non-targeted multiple reaction monitoring approach. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:287-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zhong Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation); Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Shenzhen China
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom Hong Kong China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Si-Bao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation); Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Shenzhen China
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom Hong Kong China
| | - Pui-Kin So
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation); Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Shenzhen China
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom Hong Kong China
| | - Zi-Qi Shi
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica; Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine; Jiangsu Nanjing China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation); Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Shenzhen China
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom Hong Kong China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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20
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Musharraf SG, Goher M, Zareena B. Quantification of steroidal alkaloids in Buxus papillosa using electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Steroids 2015; 100:5-10. [PMID: 25862613 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Buxus papillosa is one of the most extensively studied species of the genus Buxus known to possess steroidal alkaloids which can be used for assessing the various pharmacological activities of this plant. This paper describes the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QQQ-MS) method for the quantification of six steroidal alkaloids as chemical markers in the extracts of leaves, roots and stems of B. papillosa. Quantitative MS/MS analysis was carried out by optimization of the most sensitive transition for each analyte. This has yielded detection and quantification limits of 0.486-8.08 ng/mL and 1.473-24.268 ng/mL, respectively for all analytes. Linearity of response was also achieved and the regression coefficient found to be >0.99 for all analyzed compounds. The newly developed MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) method showed excellent sensitivity for the quantification of steroidal alkaloids within 15 min run time. This paper describes the application of LC-QQQ-MS technique for steroidal alkaloids analysis in plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Madiha Goher
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bibi Zareena
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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21
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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Lignan Constituents in Caulis Trachelospermi by HPLC-QTOF-MS and HPLC-UV. Molecules 2015; 20:8107-24. [PMID: 25951006 PMCID: PMC6272670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass (HPLC-QTOF-MS) and ultraviolet spectrometry (HPLC-UV) was established for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major chemical constituents in Caulis Trachelospermi, respectively. The analysis was performed on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) using a binary gradient system of water and methanol, with ultraviolet absorption at 230 nm. Based on high-resolution ESI-MS/MS fragmentation behaviors of the reference standards, the characteristic cleavage patterns of lignano-9, 9'-lactones and lignano-8'-hydroxy-9, 9'-lactones were obtained. The results demonstrated that the characteristic fragmentation patterns are valuable for identifying and differentiating lignano-9,9'-lactones and lignano-8'-hydroxy-9,9'-lactones. As such, a total of 25 compounds in Caulis Trachelospermi were unambiguously or tentatively identified via comparisons with reference standards or literature. In addition, 14 dibenzylbutyrolatone lignans were simultaneously quantified in Caulis Trachelospermi by HPLC-UV method. The method is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of dibenzylbutyrolatone lignans in Caulis Trachelospermi.
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22
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A simple and rapid method to identify and quantitatively analyze triterpenoid saponins in Ardisia crenata using ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:400-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Stavrianidi A, Rodin I, Braun A, Stekolshchikova E, Shpigun O. Single-run HPLC/ESI-LITMS profiling of ginsenosides in plant extracts and ginseng based products. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:853-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Stavrianidi
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Igor Rodin
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Arkady Braun
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Russia
| | | | - Oleg Shpigun
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Russia
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24
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Zhao M, Ding W, Wang S, Gao M, Fu S, Zhang J, Li T, Wu Y, Wang Q. Simultaneous Determination of Five Constituents in Qinpijiegu Capsule by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:274-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Lou Y, Cai H, Liu X, Cao G, Tu S, Li S, Ma X, Qin K, Cai B. Multi-component analysis in sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Angelicae Sinensis Radix by single marker quantitation and chemometric discrimination. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S189-97. [PMID: 24914303 PMCID: PMC4047590 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.127374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of ferulic acid, senkyunolide A, and Z-ligustilide in Angelicae Sinensis Radix before and after sulfur-fumigation using quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker (QAMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The feasibility and accuracy of QAMS were checked by the external standard method, and various high-performance liquid chromatographic instruments and chromatographic conditions were investigated to verify its applicability. Using ferulic acid as the internal reference substance, and the contents of senkyunolide A and Z-ligustilide were calculated according to relative correction factors by high-performance liquid chromatography. Meanwhile, the influence of sulfur-fumigation on these chemical components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix were evaluated and discriminated by chromatographic fingerprint and chemometrics. RESULTS There was no significant difference observed between the QAMS method and the external standard method. Furthermore, sulfur-fumigation reduced the contents of ferulic acid, senkyunolide A, and Z-ligustilide in Angelicae Sinensis Radix by some degree, and the sun-drying and sulfur-fumigation processing could be easily discriminated by chromatographic fingerprint and chemometrics. CONCLUSION QAMS is a convenient and accurate approach to analyzing multi-component when reference substances are unavailable, simultaneously, chemometrics is an effective way to discriminate sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Angelicae Sinensis Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Lou
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; National First-Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; National First-Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Cao
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; National First-Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sicong Tu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Songlin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunming Qin
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baochang Cai
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; National First-Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Global characterization of neutral saccharides in crude and processed Radix Rehmanniae by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2013; 141:2833-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Liao ZX, Zhang BB, Ding LS, Zhou Y. Development of an UPLC-QTOF-MS method for qualitative and quantitative analysis ofSaussurea eopygmaea. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.25.2013.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Chen LH, Zhang HM, Guan ZY, Zhu WF, Yi WJ, Guan YM, Wang S, Liu HN. Sex dependent pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of peimine and peiminine in rats assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:77-84. [PMID: 23123795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. has been traditionally used in China as antitussive and expectorant herbs, and newly used in the clinical treatment of leukemia in recent years. AIM To investigate whether gender exerted a significant influence on the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of peimine and peiminine in Sprague-Dawley rats who were given a single oral administration of 4.25 g/kg Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into two groups based on the gender and orally administered 4.25 g/kg Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. extract for each individual pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion study. RESULTS Compared with female rats, peimine and peiminine were eliminated slowly from male rat plasma, and significant gender-related differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters. Drug blood and tissue levels in male rats were significantly higher than the female counterparts except for several tissues, such as fat, muscle and skin. Gender also exerted a significant influence on the urine excretion but such effect was not observed in the feces excretion study. CONCLUSIONS Gender exerted a significant influence on the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and urine excretion of peimine and peiminine. It is assumed that the sex-associated differences of peimine and peiminine in rats might be mainly result from sex-dependent expression and activity of drug metabolism enzymes and P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of TCM, No.18 Yun Wan Road, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
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Liu L, You W, Zheng L, Chen F, Jia Z. Determination of peimine and peiminine in Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii by capillary electrophoresis by indirect UV detection using N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride as probe. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2152-8. [PMID: 22821492 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple and inexpensive CE method was developed for the determination of peimine and peiminine. Because of the lack of an UV chromophore of peimine and peiminine, the detection method chosen was indirect UV detection, with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NED) as the UV absorbing probe. It was thought that NED, a chromophoric ion, may form hydrogen bonding pairs with the analytes to cause significant changes in separation selectivity. Additionally, the hydrophobic interactions between analytes and the probe also play a crucial role in achieving a resolution between the two analytes. The analyses were carried out with a background electrolyte composed of 66% MeOH-ACN (1:1, v/v), 34% aqueous buffer containing 15 mM NaH₂PO₄, 2.5 mM NED, 4 mM H₃PO₄. MeOH-ACN mixtures used as organic modifiers can not only reduce the adsorption of NED to the capillary wall, but also decrease the baseline noise and drift. The method provided a linear response ranging from 5 to 200 μg/mL. The limits of detection (LODs) for peimine and peiminine were 3.9 and 4.1 μg/mL, respectively. The repeatabilities (n = 3) reached relative standard deviation values (RSDs) of 3.4 and 4.1% for the peak areas, 4.0 and 4.4% for the peak heights, and 0.29 and 0.30% for the migration time of peimine and peiminine, respectively. Regression equations revealed linear relationships (r = 0.9995-0.9996) between the peak area of each analyte and the concentration. The method developed was successfully applied to quantify peimine and peiminine in chloroform extracts of the ground Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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30
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Xin GZ, Cao L, Shi ZQ, Li HJ, Wen XD, Chen J, Qi LW, Li P. Direct pharmacokinetic analysis of puqietinone by in vivo microdialysis sampling and turbulent-flow chromatography coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 899:127-34. [PMID: 22658466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sample pretreatment is a key step in bioanalytical process because of possible interference and matrix effects in mass spectrometry analysis. In this work, a novel strategy towards high speed and sensitivity was developed combining in vivo microdialysis (MD) sampling, turbulent-flow chromatography (TFC), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The procedures of cleanup, preconcentration, and separation were completed on-line in one step within 10min. During the MD optimization procedure, 1% hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was used to improve the relative recovery of the analyte. Untreated MD samples were directly injected, and a TFC precolumn was flushed for 1min with aqueous phase of 4mL/min flow rate to desalt and concentrate biosamples. The retained analytes were then back-flushed by a switching valve onto a fast LC column (4.6mm×50mm, 1.8μm) for separation. Another diverter valve was employed to prevent the HP-β-CD that interferes with the ESI process from entering the MS. Puqietinone, a lipophilic alkaloid from Fritillaria puqiensis, was used as a case for validation. Results showed that the limit of quantification for puqietinone was 0.10ng/mL, and good linearity (R(2)=0.9993) was maintained over the range of 1.02-200.02ng/mL. Accuracy and precision were satisfactory within the range of the standard curve. This approach was able to effectively eliminate the influences of matrix effect and carry-over as the injection volume increased up to 20μL. The developed method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of puqietinone after intravenous administration to rat. Results demonstrate the potential of using MD with TFC-LC/MS for in vivo monitoring experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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31
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Abstract
A technique where a separation technique is coupled with an online spectroscopic detection technology is known as hyphenated technique, e.g., GC-MS, LC-PDA, LC-MS, LC-FTIR, LC-NMR, LC-NMR-MS, and CE-MS. Recent advances in hyphenated analytical techniques have remarkably widened their applications to the analysis of complex biomaterials, especially natural products. This chapter focuses on the applications of hyphenated techniques to pre-isolation and isolation of natural products, dereplication, online partial identification of compounds, chemotaxonomic studies, chemical finger-printing, quality control of herbal products, and metabolomic studies, and presents specific examples. However, a particular emphasis has been given on the hyphenated techniques that involve an LC as the separation tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit D Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV11LY, UK.
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32
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Mol H, Van Dam R, Zomer P, Mulder P. Screening of plant toxins in food, feed and botanicals using full-scan high-resolution (Orbitrap) mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1405-23. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.603704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abstract
Ginseng occupies a prominent position in the list of best-selling natural products in the world. Because of its complex constituents, multidisciplinary techniques are needed to validate the analytical methods that support ginseng's use worldwide. In the past decade, rapid development of technology has advanced many aspects of ginseng research. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advances in the isolation and analysis of ginseng, and to highlight new applications and challenges. Emphasis is placed on recent trends and emerging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Wen Qi
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
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Wang K, Zhu Z, Yang L, Gao Y, Liu W, Zhang H, Chai Y. Detection, characterization and identification of major constituents in Zhimu-Baihe herb-pair extract by fast high-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry through dynamic adjustment of fragmentor voltage. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:9-19. [PMID: 21154649 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a novel methodology for unequivocal identification of chemical constituents in Zhimu-Baihe herb-pair (ZMBHHP). Compounds were removed from ZMBHHP by ultrasonic extraction with 70% ethanol, and then analyzed by fast high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). The accurate-mass capability of the TOF analyzer allowed reliable confirmation of the identity of the detected compounds, normally with mass errors below 3 ppm in routine analysis. This mass accuracy was sufficient to verify the elemental compositions of the chemical constituents in ZMBHHP. With dynamic adjustment of fragmentor voltage in TOFMS, an efficient ion transmission was achieved to obtain the best sensitivity and abundant fragmentation. By accurate mass measurements for each molecular ion and subsequent fragment ions, a reliable identification and differentiation of 24 saponins, 3 xanthones, 1 anthraquinone and 2 alkaloids was described here, including four groups of isomers. It is concluded that this fast and sensitive HPLC/ESI-TOFMS technique is powerful in qualitative analysis of complex herbal medicines in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, resolving power, time savings and lower solvent consumption. Furthermore, the data gathered in this study may be helpful for understanding the synergistic nature of this herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and further pharmacokinetic studies of ZMBHHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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35
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Steinmann D, Ganzera M. Recent advances on HPLC/MS in medicinal plant analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 55:744-57. [PMID: 21131153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With gaining popularity of herbal remedies worldwide, the need of assuring safety and efficacy of these products increases as well. By nature they are complex matrices, comprising a multitude of compounds, which are prone to variation due to environmental factors and manufacturing conditions. Furthermore, many traditional preparations compose of multiple herbs, so that only highly selective, sensitive and versatile analytical techniques will be suitable for quality control purposes. By hyphenating high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) these high demands are fulfilled, providing the user with a multitude of technical options and applications. This review intends to reflect the impact of LC-MS for medicinal plant analysis focusing on most relevant reports published within the last five years. Commenced by introductory remarks to the different MS approaches most commonly used (e.g. ion trap and time of flight mass analyzers, fragmentation and ionization modes), respective LC-MS applications on the analysis of natural products in medicinal plants, commercial products and biological samples are presented. Methodological aspects like stationary and mobile phase selection or MS settings are discussed, and advantages or limitations of the described techniques are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Steinmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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Characterization and identification of steroidal alkaloids in Fritillaria species using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7109-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Wu X, Chen J, Pan Y. Simultaneous determination of peimine and peiminine in rat plasma by LC-ESI-MS employing solid-phase extraction. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:902-7. [PMID: 20033892 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reliable LC-ESI-MS method for the determination of peimine and peiminine in rat plasma was developed for the first time. The method was proven to be specific and sensitive by carrying out validation. The analytes were extracted from rat plasma via solid-phase extraction on Waters Oasis MCX cartridges. Chromatography separation was achieved on a C(18) column using 10 mM ammonium acetate (adjusted to pH 3.0 with glacial acetic acid)-acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) as mobile phase. The linear range was 1-100 ng/mL for peimine and peiminine. Intra- and inter-day precisiond were less than 10%. Accuracies were within 85-115% of their nominal concentrations. The limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL for both analytes. The developed assay was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of peimine and peiminine in rats orally administered the alkaloids extracts from Bulbus Fritillariae, demonstrating a possible broader spectrum of applications of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wu
- Center of Analysis and Measurement of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310029, People's Republic of China
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38
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Cao XW, Li J, Chen SB, Li XB, Xiao PG, Chen SL, Yang DJ. Simultaneous determination of nine nucleosides and nucleobases in different Fritillaria species by HPLC-diode array detector. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1587-94. [PMID: 20405484 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable HPLC-diode-array detector method was developed for the first time to simultaneously determine nine nucleosides and nucleobases including uracil, cytidine, guanine, uridine, thymine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine and adenosine in 13 different Fritillaria species. The analysis was performed on a BaseLine C18 column with a gradient of acetonitrile in water at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The diode-array detector wavelength was set at 260 nm for the UV detection of nucleosides and nucleobases. Satisfactory separation of these compounds was obtained in less than 40 min. The optimized method provided good linear relation (r(2)>0.9995 for all the investigated analytes), satisfactory precision (RSD <1.51%) and good recovery (from 97.64 to 101.16%). The established method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of nine nucleosides and nucleobases in 61 batches of samples from 13 Fritillaria species collected from different habitats in China, which could be helpful to control the quality of Fritillaria bulbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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39
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Wu X, Chen H, Sun J, Peng Y, Liang Y, Wang G, Wu J, Zhang P. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the determination of verticinone in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2067-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Xiao J, Tian B, Xie B, Yang E, Shi J, Sun Z. Supercritical fluid extraction and identification of isoquinoline alkaloids from leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Xin GZ, Zhou JL, Qi LW, Li CY, Liu P, Li HJ, Wen XD, Li P. Turbulent-flow chromatography coupled on-line to fast high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of verticine, verticinone and isoverticine in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:435-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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42
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An experimental design approach using response surface techniques to obtain optimal liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions to determine the alkaloids in Meconopsi species. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7013-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Herbal medicine analysis by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7582-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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An JJ, Zhou JL, Li HJ, Jiang Y, Li P. Puqienine E: an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory steroidal alkaloid from Fritillaria puqiensis. Fitoterapia 2009; 81:149-52. [PMID: 19686814 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eight steroidal alkaloids, puqienine A, puqienine B, puqienine C, puqienine D, puqienine E, puqietinone, puqiedine and peimisine were isolated from Fritillaria puqiensis G. D. Yu et. G. Y. Chen, and their anti-hypertensive effect were assessed in vitro based on the inhibition of the purified angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) using high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The results showed that puqienine E, puqienine B and puqienine A exhibited better inhibitory activity against ACE than others, with inhibition ratios of 70.2+/-0.5%, 24.7+/-0.5% and 20.4+/-2.8%, respectively at the concentration of 200 microM. The 50% inhibiting concentration of puqienine E was determined to be 68 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing An
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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45
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Zhang WJ, Björn LO. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the accumulation of medicinal compounds in plants. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:207-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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46
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Zhou Y, Xu G, Choi FFK, Ding LS, Han QB, Song JZ, Qiao CF, Zhao QS, Xu HX. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of diterpenoids in Salvia species by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4847-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Li HJ, Jiang Y, Li P. Characterizing distribution of steroidal alkaloids in Fritillaria spp. and related compound formulas by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with hierarchial cluster analysis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 03/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Zhou JL, An JJ, Li P, Li HJ, Jiang Y, Cheng JF. Two-dimensional turbulent flow chromatography coupled on-line to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for solution-based ligand screening against multiple proteins. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2394-403. [PMID: 19203758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We present herein a novel bioseparation/chemical analysis strategy for protein-ligand screening and affinity ranking in compound mixtures, designed to increase screening rates and improve sensitivity and ruggedness in performance. The strategy is carried out by combining on-line two-dimensional turbulent flow chromatography (2D-TFC) with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and accomplished through the following steps: (1) a reversed-phase TFC stage to separate the protein/ligand complex from the unbound free molecules, (2) an on-line dissociation process to release the bound ligands from the complexes, and (3) a second mixed-mode cation-exchange/reversed-phase TFC stage to trap the bound ligands and to remove the proteins and salts, followed by LC-MS analysis for identification and determination of the binding affinities. The technique can implement an ultra-fast isolation of protein/ligand complex with the retention time of a complex peak in about 5s, and on-line prepare the "clean" sample to be directly compatible with the LC-MS analysis. The improvement in performance of this 2D-TFC/LC-MS approach over the conventional approach has been demonstrated by determining affinity-selected ligands of the target proteins acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase from a small library with known binding affinities and a steroidal alkaloid library composed of structurally similar compounds. Our results show that 2D-TFC/LC-MS is a generic and efficient tool for high-throughput screening of ligands with low-to-high binding affinities, and structure-activity relationship evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Liang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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49
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Paul AT, Vir S, Bhutani K. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based quantification of steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum xanthocarpum and effect of different extraction methods on their content. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1208:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:471-478. [PMID: 18773504 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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