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Moree SS, Böhm L, Hoffmann T, Schwab WG. Kinetics of Secoisolariciresinol Glucosyltransferase LuUGT74S1 and Its Mutants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39213532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The lignan secoisolariciresinol (SECO) diglucoside (SDG) is a phytoestrogen with diverse effects. LuUGT74S1 glucosylates SECO to SDG, whereby only small amounts of the monoglucoside SMG are formed intermediately, which exhibit increased activity. To identify critical amino acids that are important for enzymatic activity and the SMG/SDG ratio, 3D structural modeling and docking, as well as site-directed mutation studies, were performed. Enzyme assays with ten mutants revealed that four of them had identical kinetic data to LuUGT74S1, while three showed reduced and one increased catalytic efficiency kcat/Km. S82F and E189L substitutions resulted in the complete absence of activity. A17 and Q136 are crucial for the conversion of SMG to SDG as A17S and Q136F mutants exhibited the highest SMG/SDG ratios of 0.7 and 0.4. Kinetic analyses show that diglucosylation is an essentially irreversible reaction, while monoglycosylation is kinetically favored. The results lay the foundation for the biotechnological production of SMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Saleh Moree
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising 85354, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Thamar, P.O. Box 87246, Sana'a-Tiaz Road, Thamar 87246, Yemen
| | - Lukas Böhm
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Wilfried G Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising 85354, Germany
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2
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Kim Y, Kim HW, Sung J, Kim Y. Optimal extraction conditions and quantification of lignan phytoestrogens in cereal grains using targeted LC-MS/MS. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1409309. [PMID: 38933882 PMCID: PMC11201688 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1409309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignans are phytoestrogens found in various forms such as glycosides, ester-linked oligomers, and aglycones in a variety of foods, including soy products, legumes, grains, nuts, vegetables, and fruits. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of lignans from cereal grains using response surface methodology (RSM). Lignans, including secoisolariciresinol (Seco), matairesinol (Mat), pinoresinol (Pin), lariciresinol (Lar), and syringaresinol (Syr), were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A Box-Behnken design was employed to determine the optimal values for three extraction parameters: temperature (X1: 20°C-60°C), methanol concentration (X2: 60%-100%), and extraction time (X3: 30-90 min). The highest lignan contents were obtained at X1 = 44.24°C, X2 = 84.64%, and X3 = 53.63 min. To apply these experimental conditions to the actual experiment, the optimal conditions were slightly adjusted to X1 = 40°C, X2 = 80%, and X3 = 60 min. The predicted results closely matched the experimental results obtained using the modified optimal extraction conditions. The highest lignan content found in barley sprouts (85.930 μg/100 g), however, most grains exhibited relatively low concentrations of lignans. These findings provide valuable insights into the lignan content of grains and contribute to the generation of reliable data in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Woong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Food and Life Science Research Institute, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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3
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Patyra A, Kołtun-Jasion M, Jakubiak O, Kiss AK. Extraction Techniques and Analytical Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Lignans. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172323. [PMID: 36079704 PMCID: PMC9460740 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are a group of natural polyphenols present in medicinal plants and in plants which are a part of the human diet for which more and more pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and cytoprotective, are being reported. However, it is their cytotoxic activities that are best understood and which have shed light on this group. Two anticancer drugs, etoposide, and teniposide, were derived from a potent cytotoxic agent—podophyllotoxin from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum. The evidence from clinical and observational studies suggests that human microbiota metabolites (enterolactone, enterodiol) of dietary lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, lariciresinol, matairesinol, syringaresinol, medioresinol, and sesamin) are associated with a reduced risk of some hormone-dependent cancers. The biological in vitro, pharmacological in vivo investigations, and clinical studies demand significant amounts of pure compounds, as well as the use of well-defined and standardized extracts. That is why proper extract preparation, optimization of lignan extraction, and identification are crucial steps in the development of lignan use in medicine. This review focuses on lignan extraction, purification, fractionation, separation, and isolation methods, as well as on chromatographic, spectrometric, and spectroscopic techniques for their qualitative and quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Patyra
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oktawia Jakubiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Karolina Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
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Retention of bioactive compounds during extrusion processing and storage. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100191. [PMID: 35499025 PMCID: PMC9039926 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant retention of beta-glucans was reported in fortified extrudates. Lowest rentention was found in extrudates fortified with oryzanol at high level. In storage studies at higher relative humidities, lowest retention was observed. L* and b* values decreased when extrudates were kept at high relative humidities. a* value increased when extrudates were kept at high relative humidities.
Retention of bioactive compounds (beta-glucans, lignans and gamma oryzanol) was analyzed after extrusion and during storage period of three months under four relative humidities using saturated salt solutions such as potassium carbonate (43.26%), magnesium nitrate (52.60%), potassium chloride (84.36%) and potassium nitrate (93.58%). The control sample comprising a corn and rice flour blend (50 g each) was substituted with beta-glucans at 3 g/100 g and 6 g/100 g, flaxseed lignans at 6.67 g/kg and 11.67 g/kg and gamma oryzanol at 1.5 g/100 g and 3.0 g/100 g at low and high levels, respectively. After extrusion, beta-glucan was retained up to 82.67 and 90.83%, lignans were retained at 86.31 and 66.66% whereas retention of gamma oryzanol was 71.33 and 51.67% at low and high level of substitution, respectively. Retention of bioactive compounds was the lowest along with a decrease in L* and b* values and an increase in a* value was observed under higher relative humidity (84.36% and 93.58%) storage conditions.
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Montenegro-Landívar MF, Tapia-Quirós P, Vecino X, Reig M, Valderrama C, Granados M, Cortina JL, Saurina J. Recovery of Added-Value Compounds from Orange and Spinach Processing Residues: Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111800. [PMID: 34829670 PMCID: PMC8614849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds recovery by mechanical stirring extraction (MSE) was studied from orange and spinach wastes using water as a solvent. The statistical analysis showed that the highest total polyphenol content (TPC) yield was obtained using 15 min, 70 °C, 1:100 (w/v) solid/solvent ratio and pH 4 for orange; and 5 min, 50 °C, 1:50 (w/v) solid/solvent ratio and pH 6 for spinach. Under these conditions, the TPC was 1 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 fresh weight (fw) and 0.8 mg GAE g-1 fw for orange and spinach, respectively. MSE substantially increased the phenolic compounds yields (1-fold for orange and 2-fold for spinach) compared with ultrasound-assisted extraction. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of orange and spinach extracts was evaluated using DPPH, FRAP and ABTS. The obtained results pointed out that the evaluated orange and spinach residues provided extracts with antioxidant activity (2.27 mg TE g-1 and 0.04 mg TE g-1, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Montenegro-Landívar
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulina Tapia-Quirós
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xanel Vecino
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering-CINTECX, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mònica Reig
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Valderrama
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Granados
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - José Luis Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- CETAQUA, Carretera d’Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Javier Saurina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang L. Ultrasonic-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction Combined with Macroporous Resin Enrichment of Lignans from Flaxseed Meal and Their Antioxidant Activities. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:1183-1192. [PMID: 34623419 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secoisolariciresinol di glucoside (SDG) is a natural antioxidant generally extracted from flaxseed, which is one of the most important oil crops in China, the by-product of the flaxseed oil, i.e., flaxseed meal, still contains a lot of lignans. However, flaxseed meal is generally treated as waste, resulting in a huge waste of resources. OBJECTIVE To establish an efficient and convenient method for extraction and purification of lignans from flaxseed meal. METHODS First, we used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction conditions of the ultrasonic-assisted aqueous two-phase system (UAATPS), and we obtained the purified extracts by macroporous resin purification (MRP). Second, the antioxidant ability of the extracts was studied in vitro. RESULTS The best extraction conditions obtained were as follows: 9.0 wt% sodium hydroxide, 30.0 wt% isopropanol, extraction time 39 min, liquid-to-solid ratio of 52.0 mL/g, ultrasonic wave 560 W, and extraction temperature 40 °C. Under the optimal conditions, the purity of crude extracts (SDG-APTS-C) reached 21.5%. The desorption conditions of MRP were as follows: eluting 3 BV with ultrapure water, and then eluting with 25% ethanol at 2 BV/h to collect eluents. The purified extracts (SDG-ATPS-P) had a purity quotient of 73.9%, 52.4% higher than that of SDG-ATPS-C. Additionally, experiments conducted in this paper revealed that SDG-ATPS-C and SDG-ATPS-P could effectively remove DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl free radicals in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The method was validated for extracting SDG from flaxseed meal, thus achieving the reuse of flaxseed meal. HIGHLIGHTS This research provides some references for the application of UAATPS combined with MRP in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yichao Wu
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, 1Shida Road, Nanchong, 637002, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongxiang Xu
- College of Science, Xihua University, 999Tuqiaojinzhou Road, Chengdu, 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunsong Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
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Tavarini S, De Leo M, Matteo R, Lazzeri L, Braca A, Angelini LG. Flaxseed and Camelina Meals as Potential Sources of Health-Beneficial Compounds. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010156. [PMID: 33466939 PMCID: PMC7830963 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Seed meals and cakes, deriving from minor oilseed crops, represent interesting co-products for the presence of a high content of proteins and bioactive compounds that could be successfully explored as valuable plant-derived feedstocks for food and non-food purposes. In this contest, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) are becoming increasingly important in the health food market as functional foods and cosmetic ingredients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic characteristics and cultivation sites on the chemical features of seed meals deriving from two flaxseed varieties (Sideral and Buenos Aires) and a camelina cultivar (Italia), cultivated in Central and Northern Italy (Pisa and Bologna). The content of total phenols and flavonoids, seed oil, proteins and fatty acids have been evaluated, together with the chemical profiles of flaxseed and camelina meals. In addition, radical-scavenging activity has been investigated. All the examined seed meals resulted as rich in bioactive compounds. In particular, flaxseed meal is a good source of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and hydroxycinnamic acid glucosides, while camelina meal contains glucosinolates and quercetin glycosides. Furthermore, all extracts exhibited a very strong radical-scavenging activity, that make these plant-derived products interesting sources for food or cosmetic ingredients with health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tavarini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.T.); (L.G.A.)
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Matteo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2219688
| | - Luciana G. Angelini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.T.); (L.G.A.)
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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Wang X, Liua Z, Li X, Song J, Chen L, Li Y. Effect of water feed rate and temperature on physicochemical and viscosity properties of fresh extruded rice-shaped kernels (FER) containing naked oat, rice and defatted flaxseed flour. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Xihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Jianxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin Gasin-DH Preservation Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Yueming Li
- Changrong Huitong (Tianjin) Food Science and Technology Research and Development co. Ltd
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Chaves JO, de Souza MC, da Silva LC, Lachos-Perez D, Torres-Mayanga PC, Machado APDF, Forster-Carneiro T, Vázquez-Espinosa M, González-de-Peredo AV, Barbero GF, Rostagno MA. Extraction of Flavonoids From Natural Sources Using Modern Techniques. Front Chem 2020; 8:507887. [PMID: 33102442 PMCID: PMC7546908 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.507887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are one of the main groups of polyphenols found in natural products. Traditional flavonoid extraction techniques are being replaced by advanced techniques to reduce energy and solvent consumption, increase efficiency and selectivity, to meet increased market demand and environmental regulations. Advanced technologies, such as microwaves, ultrasound, pressurized liquids, supercritical fluids, and electric fields, are alternatives currently being used. These modern techniques are generally faster, more environmentally friendly, and with higher automation levels compared to conventional extraction techniques. This review will discuss the different methods available for flavonoid extraction from natural sources and the main parameters involved (temperature, solvent, sample quantity, extraction time, among others). Recent trends and their industrial importance are also discussed in detail, providing insight into their potential. Thus, this paper seeks to review the innovations of compound extraction techniques, presenting in each of them their advantages and disadvantages, trying to offer a broader scope in the understanding of flavonoid extraction from different plant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaísa Oliveira Chaves
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Mariana Corrêa de Souza
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Laise Capelasso da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Daniel Lachos-Perez
- Laboratory of Optimization, Design and Advanced Control - Bioenergy Research Program, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Torres-Mayanga
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac, Abancay, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio Ariel Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
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Wang Z, Li S, Ge S, Lin S. Review of Distribution, Extraction Methods, and Health Benefits of Bound Phenolics in Food Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3330-3343. [PMID: 32092268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are important functional bioactive substances distributed in various food plants. They have gained wide interest from researchers due to their multiple health benefits. There are two forms of phenolic compounds: free form and bound form. The latter is also called bound phenolics (BPs), which are found mainly in the cell wall and distributed in various tissues/organs of the plant body. They can either chemically bind to macromolecules and food matrixes or be physically entrapped in food matrixes and intact cells. Various isolation methods, including chemical, biological, and physical methods, have been employed to extract BPs from plants. BPs have been shown to have strong biological activities, including antioxidant, probiotic, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects as well as beneficial effects on central nervous system diseases. This review summarizes research findings on these topics to help in better understanding of BPs and provide comprehensive information on their health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shenghan Ge
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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11
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Preparation of Lignan-Rich Extract from the Aerial Parts of Phyllanthus niruri Using Nonconventional Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051179. [PMID: 32151037 PMCID: PMC7179407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthin and related lignans were found to be responsible, at least in part, for most of the activity of Phyllanthus species. This observation encouraged the authors to develop methods for the preparation of an extract rich in phyllanthin and related lignans from the aerial parts of P. niruri L. Direct extraction with solvents produced extracts with variable yields and contents of lignans. Lignans were identified by LC-ESI-MS analysis as phyllanthin (used as marker substance), hypophyllanthin, phylltetralin, nirtetralin, and niranthin. Extraction with boiling water produced 18.10 g% (w/w) extract with a trace amount of lignans (phyllanthin content of 0.33 ± 0.10 mg/g extract), while extraction with MeOH gave 3.6 g% w/w extract with a low phyllanthin content (3.1 mg/g extract), as determined by HPLC. However, Soxhlet extraction with hexane, CH2Cl2, or acetone gave extracts with low yields (0.82, 1.12, and 3.40 g% w/w, respectively) and a higher phyllanthin contents (36.2 ± 2.6, 11.7 ± 1.68, and 11.7 ± 1.10 mg/g extract, respectively). Extraction quality and efficiency were optimized by adopting the following three different approaches: (1) Alkaline digestion of the plant material with 30% potassium hydroxide yielded 3.1 g% w/w of purified extract with high phyllanthin content (22.34 ± 0.13 mg/g); (2) microwave-assisted extraction using 80% MeOH gave an extract with a better yield (8.13 g% w/w) and phyllanthin content (21.2 ± 1.30 mg/g) (after filtration through a Diaion HP-20 column); and (3) treatment of the ground plant material at 50 °C with two hydrolytic enzymes, cellulase (9 U/g for 12 h) and then, protease (4 U/g up to 72 h) optimized the yield of extract (13.92 g% w/w) and phyllanthin content (25.9 mg/g extract and total lignans content of 85.87 mg/g extract). In conclusion, the nonconventional methods presented here are superior for optimizing the yield of extract and its lignan contents from the aerial parts of P. niruri.
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Waszkowiak K, Mikołajczak B, Gliszczyńska‐Świgło A, Niedźwiedzińska K. Effect of thermal pre‐treatment on the phenolic and protein profiles and oil oxidation dynamics of golden flaxseeds. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Waszkowiak
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznan University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 31 Poznan 60‐624 Poland
| | - Beata Mikołajczak
- Department of Meat Technology Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznan University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 31 Poznan 60‐624 Poland
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska‐Świgło
- Faculty of Commodity Science Poznan University of Economics and Business Niepodległości 10 61‐875 Poznan Poland
| | - Karina Niedźwiedzińska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznan University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 31 Poznan 60‐624 Poland
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Zhao M, Bergaentzlé M, Flieller A, Marchioni E. Development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of cyanogenic glycosides and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:214-223. [PMID: 31076224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Effect of nutraceuticals (beta-glucan concentrate, flaxseed lignan concentrate and gamma oryzanol concentrate) on nutritional, textural, pasting, thermal, structural and morphological properties of corn and rice flour blend based RTE extrudates. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-0013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Zhang DY, Wang XX, Zhuang PY, Feng YJ, Jin XY. Sesquiterpenoids and lignans from the fruits of Illicium simonsii Maxim. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Socrier L, Quéro A, Verdu M, Song Y, Molinié R, Mathiron D, Pilard S, Mesnard F, Morandat S. Flax phenolic compounds as inhibitors of lipid oxidation: Elucidation of their mechanisms of action. Food Chem 2018; 274:651-658. [PMID: 30372990 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are particularly sensitive to the damages due to reactive oxygen species and lipid oxidation has been reported to be involved in the degradation of food as well as in the early stages of several diseases. Our objective was to study the mechanisms of action of flax (Linum usitatissimum) phenolic compounds to prevent membrane lipid oxidation. To do so, several biophysical techniques (oxidative stress, surface tension, fluorescence spectroscopy and HPLC) were used to investigate the ability of the compounds to prevent lipid oxidation and to interact with membranes. We evidenced a relationship between the structure and the antioxidant efficiency as aglycone compounds were significantly more efficient (p < 0.05) than glucoside compounds. In addition, our results revealed that aglycone lignans spontaneously penetrated the membrane contrary to aglycone hydroxycinnamic acids. To conclude, the comparison of the antioxidant efficiencies revealed that membrane inserted compounds better inhibited lipid oxidation than non-inserted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580 CNRS, Centre de recherches de Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne cedex, France
| | - Anthony Quéro
- Université Picardie Jules Verne, EA3900 BioPI - UFR de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens cedex, France
| | - Margaux Verdu
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580 CNRS, Centre de recherches de Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne cedex, France
| | - Yiming Song
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580 CNRS, Centre de recherches de Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne cedex, France
| | - Roland Molinié
- Université Picardie Jules Verne, EA3900 BioPI - UFR de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens cedex, France
| | - David Mathiron
- Université Picardie Jules Verne, Plateforme analytique, Rue Dallery - Passage du sourire d'Avril, 80039 Amiens cedex, France
| | - Serge Pilard
- Université Picardie Jules Verne, Plateforme analytique, Rue Dallery - Passage du sourire d'Avril, 80039 Amiens cedex, France
| | - François Mesnard
- Université Picardie Jules Verne, EA3900 BioPI - UFR de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Morandat
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580 CNRS, Centre de recherches de Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne cedex, France.
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Deng Q, Yu X, Ma F, Xu J, Huang F, Huang Q, Sheng F. Comparative analysis of the in-vitro antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of flaxseed in China according to variety and geographical origin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1402029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry and Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangli Ma
- Functional Oil Laboratory Associated by Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Infinite (China) Co., LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiqu Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingde Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Sheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Fofana B, Ghose K, Somalraju A, McCallum J, Main D, Deyholos MK, Rowland GG, Cloutier S. Induced Mutagenesis in UGT74S1 Gene Leads to Stable New Flax Lines with Altered Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (SDG) Profiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1638. [PMID: 28983308 PMCID: PMC5613138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flax secoisolariciresinol (SECO) diglucoside (SDG) lignan is an emerging natural product purported to prevent chronic diseases in humans. SECO, the aglycone form of SDG, has shown higher intestinal cell absorption but it is not accumulated naturally in planta. Recently, we have identified and characterized a UDP-glucosyltransferase gene, UGT74S1, that glucosylates SECO into its monoglucoside (SMG) and SDG forms when expressed in yeast. However, whether this gene is unique in controlling SECO glucosylation into SDG in planta is unclear. Here, we report on the use of UGT74S1 in reverse and forward genetics to characterize an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenized flax population from cultivar CDC Bethune and consisting of 1996 M2 families. EMS mutagenesis generated 73 SNP variants causing 79 mutational events in the UGT74S1 exonic regions of 93 M2 families. The mutation frequency in the exonic regions was determined to be one per 28 Kb. Of these mutations, 13 homozygous missense mutations and two homozygous nonsense mutations were observed and all were transmitted into the M3 and M4 generations. Forward genetics screening of the population showed homozygous nonsense mutants completely lacking SDG biosynthesis while the production of SMG was observed only in a subset of the M4 lines. Heterozygous or homozygous M4 missense mutants displayed a wide range of SDG levels, some being greater than those of CDC Bethune. No additional deleterious mutations were detected in these mutant lines using a panel of 10 other genes potentially involved in the lignan biosynthesis. This study provides further evidence that UGT74S1 is unique in controlling SDG formation from SECO and this is the first report of non-transgenic flax germplasm with simultaneous knockout of SDG and presence of SMG in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourlaye Fofana
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Kaushik Ghose
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Ashok Somalraju
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Jason McCallum
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David Main
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Gordon G. Rowland
- Department of Plant Science, Crop Development Centre, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
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Hano C, Corbin C, Drouet S, Quéro A, Rombaut N, Savoire R, Molinié R, Thomasset B, Mesnard F, Lainé E. The lignan (+)-secoisolariciresinol extracted from flax hulls is an effective protectant of linseed oil and its emulsion against oxidative damage. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hano
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Cyrielle Corbin
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Samantha Drouet
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Anthony Quéro
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Natacha Rombaut
- UMR 408, GREEN Team Extraction; Université d'Avignon et des pays du Vaucluse, INRA; Avignon cedex France
- ORTESA LabCom Naturex; Université d'Avignon; Avignon cedex France
| | - Raphaëlle Savoire
- IPB/ENSCBP, CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS/IPB/Université de Bordeaux, Equipe Clip'in; Allée Geoffroy Sait Hilaire, Bât B14; Pessac France
| | - Roland Molinié
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580; Université de Technologie de Compiègne; Compiègne cedex France
| | - François Mesnard
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Eric Lainé
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
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Fofana B, Ghose K, McCallum J, You FM, Cloutier S. UGT74S1 is the key player in controlling secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) formation in flax. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:35. [PMID: 28152982 PMCID: PMC5290659 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flax lignan, commonly known as secoisolariciresinol (SECO) diglucoside (SDG), has recently been reported with health-promoting activities, including its positive impact in metabolic diseases. However, not much was reported on the biosynthesis of SDG and its monoglucoside (SMG) until lately. Flax UGT74S1 was recently reported to sequentially glucosylate SECO into SMG and SDG in vitro. However, whether this gene is the only UGT achieving SECO glucosylation in flax was not known. RESULTS Flax genome-wide mining for UGTs was performed. Phylogenetic and gene duplication analyses, heterologous gene expression and enzyme assays were conducted to identify family members closely related to UGT74S1 and to establish their roles in SECO glucosylation. A total of 299 different UGTs were identified, of which 241 (81%) were duplicated. Flax UGTs diverged 2.4-153.6 MYA and 71% were found to be under purifying selection pressure. UGT74S1, a single copy gene located on chromosome 7, displayed no evidence of duplication and was deemed to be under positive selection pressure. The phylogenetic analysis identified four main clusters where cluster 4, which included UGT74S1, was the most diverse. The duplicated UGT74S4 and UGT74S3, located on chromosomes 8 and 14, respectively, were the most closely related to UGT74S1 and were differentially expressed in different tissues. Heterologous expression levels of UGT74S1, UGT74S4 and UGT74S3 proteins were similar but UGT74S4 and UGT74S3 glucosylation activity towards SECO was seven fold less than UGT74S1. In addition, they both failed to produce SDG, suggesting neofunctionalization following their divergence from UGT74S1. CONCLUSIONS We showed that UGT74S1 is closely related to two duplicated genes, UGT74S4 and UGT74S3 which, unlike UGT74S1, failed to glucosylate SMG into SDG. The study suggests that UGT74S1 may be the key player in controlling SECO glucosylation into SDG in flax although its closely related genes may also contribute to a minor extent in supplying the SMG precursor to UGT74S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourlaye Fofana
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4N6 Canada
| | - Kaushik Ghose
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4N6 Canada
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Jason McCallum
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4N6 Canada
| | - Frank M. You
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100 Unit 100, Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5 Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada
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Guimarães Drummond E Silva F, Miralles B, Hernández-Ledesma B, Amigo L, Iglesias AH, Reyes Reyes FG, Netto FM. Influence of Protein-Phenolic Complex on the Antioxidant Capacity of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:800-809. [PMID: 28064494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the naturally present phenolic compounds and/or proteins on the antioxidant capacity of flaxseed products (phenolic fraction, protein concentrates, and hydrolysates) before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion was studied. For that, whole and phenolic reduced products were assessed. Four glycosylated phenolic compounds (secoisolariciresinol and ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids) were identified in flaxseed products. Phenolic fraction exerts the highest antioxidant capacity that increased by alkaline hydrolysis and by simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The action of Alcalase and digestive enzymes resulted in an increase of the antioxidant capacity of whole and phenolic reduced products. Principal component analysis showed that proteinaceous samples act as antioxidant is by H+ transfer, while those samples containing phenolic compounds exert their effects by both electron donation and H+ transfer mechanisms. Protein/peptide-phenolic complexation, confirmed by fluorescence spectra, exerted a positive effect on the antioxidant capacity, mainly in protein concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC) , Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC) , Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Amigo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC) , Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amadeu Hoshi Iglesias
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP , Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
- Apex Science Analytical Consulting , Av. Marechal Rondon 2148, 13070-175, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Felix Guillermo Reyes Reyes
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP , Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Flavia Maria Netto
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP , Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
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Kinetics of the incorporation of the main phenolic compounds into the lignan macromolecule during flaxseed development. Food Chem 2017; 217:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shim YY, Olivia CM, Liu J, Boonen R, Shen J, Reaney MJT. Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside and Cyanogenic Glycosides in Gluten-free Bread Fortified with Flaxseed Meal. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9551-9558. [PMID: 27998066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) meal contains cyanogenic glycosides (CGs) and the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (1). Gluten-free (GF) doughs and baked goods were produced with added flaxseed meal (20%, w/w) then 1, and CGs were determined in fortified flour, dough, and bread with storage (0, 1, 2, and 4 weeks) at different temperatures (-18, 4, and 22-23 °C). 1 was present in flour, dough, and GF bread after baking. 1 was stable with extensive storage (up to 4 weeks) and was not affected by storage temperature. CGs in flaxseed meal and fortified GF samples were analyzed by 1H NMR of the cyanohydrins. Linamarin and/or linustatin were the primary CGs in both flaxseed meal and fortified flour. CGs decreased with storage in dough fortified with flaxseed meal or GF bread after baking. GF bakery food products fortified with flaxseed meal had reduced CGs but remained a good source of dietary 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Young Shim
- Prairie Tide Chemicals Inc. , 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Clara M Olivia
- Prairie Tide Chemicals Inc. , 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Rineke Boonen
- Prairie Tide Chemicals Inc. , 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada
- Food Technology Agrobiotechnology Nutrition and Health Science, Wageningen University , Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Jianheng Shen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Prairie Tide Chemicals Inc. , 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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Estrogenic Receptor-Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles for Rapid Separation of Phytoestrogens in Plant Extracts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:925-938. [PMID: 27682858 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With growing interests of phytoestrogens, many natural phytochemicals extracted from diverse plant species have been explored for their estrogenic-like activities and potential applications. In this work, a simple and rapid separation of phytoestrogenic compounds from crude plant extracts was purposed using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of Fe3O4 immobilized with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). The recombinant LBD-ERα peptide of 40 kDa was produced and subsequently covalently linked to MNPs. One milligram of the LBD-ERα-immobilized MNPs demonstrated a specific binding to the standard 17β-estradiol (E2) of 3.37 nmol and 91.3-100 % of the bound E2 were subsequently recovered. LBD-ERα-immobilized MNPs could separate phytoestrogens of 4.6 nmol E2-equivalent activity from a 1-mg crude extract of Asparagus racemosus. The produced MNPs showed no separation yield when were applied to the negative controls, the crude extract of radish (Raphanus sativus), and the standard progesterone (P4). Thin-layer chromatography demonstrated a single phytochemical band of the separated phytoestrogens, which exhibited the activity to promote MCF-7 cell proliferation at 4.7 folds greater than the crude A. racemosus extract. The results of this work demonstrated a simple method to specifically separate phytoestrogens from crude plant extracts via the LBD-ERα-immobilized MNPs.
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25
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Efficiency of a SDG-β-glucosidase from Bacillus altitudinis HK02 for the deglycation of glycosides from flaxseeds. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Waszkowiak K, Gliszczyńska-Świgło A. Binary ethanol–water solvents affect phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of flaxseed extracts. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Waszkowiak K, Gliszczyńska-Świgło A, Barthet V, Skręty J. Effect of Extraction Method on the Phenolic and Cyanogenic Glucoside Profile of Flaxseed Extracts and their Antioxidant Capacity. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015; 92:1609-1619. [PMID: 26640278 PMCID: PMC4661209 DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The application of flaxseed extracts as food ingredients is a subject of interest to food technologists and nutritionists. Therefore, the influence of the extraction method on the content and composition of beneficial compounds as well as anti-nutrients is important. In the study, the effects of two solvent extraction methods, aqueous and 60 % ethanolic, on phenolic and cyanogenic glucoside profiles of flaxseed extract were determined and compared. The impact of extracted phenolic compounds on the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was also investigated. Defatted meals from brown and golden flax varieties were used as extraction material. The ethanolic extraction was more selective for phenolics (100.8-131.7 mg g-1) than the aqueous one (11.5-15.7 mg g-1). However, the contribution of particular phenolic compounds to total phenolics was much more dependent on flax variety than extraction method. A strong relationship was observed between both radical scavenging and ferric reducing activity and the content of phenolics (particularly secoisolariciresinol diglucoside). The correlation between extract chelating ability and phenolics was moderate suggesting that other flaxseed compounds are involved in this activity. The extraction method strongly affected cyanogenic glucoside content of flaxseed extracts; the aqueous extraction caused 96 % reduction in cyanogenic glucoside content (0.56-0.62 mmol g-1) when compared to the content in defatted meal (9.1-11.6 mmol g-1). On the contrary, ethanolic extraction resulted in the high cyanogenic glucoside content in the extracts (71-89 mmol g-1). The results reveals that ethanolic extraction gives extracts rich in antioxidant lignans; aqueous extracts have lower antioxidant activity than ethanolic but cyanogenic glucosides are significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Waszkowiak
- />Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska-Świgło
- />Faculty of Commodity Science, Poznań University of Economics, al Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
| | - Veronique Barthet
- />Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8 Canada
| | - Joanna Skręty
- />Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
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Tian H, Li WY, Xiao D, Li ZM, Wang JW. Negative-Pressure Cavitation Extraction of Secoisolariciresinol Diglycoside from Flaxseed Cakes. Molecules 2015; 20:11076-89. [PMID: 26083040 PMCID: PMC6272233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The negative-pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) technique was applied firstly to extract secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) from flaxseed cakes. The significant extraction parameters were screened by fractional factorial design (FFD). The optimal parameters were determined using the central composite design (CCD) with the two variables, NaOH amount and the liquid/solid ratio. The conditions of the extraction were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield and the extraction purity of SDG was 16.25 mg/g and 3.86%, respectively. The efficiency of NPCE was compared with that of conventional extraction methods. Our results demonstrated that NPCE was comparable to the well-known ultrasound-assisted extraction in term of extraction yield and purity. This extraction technique has advantages of less time-consuming, low solvent usage and high throughput capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
| | - Dan Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
| | - Jian-Wen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Draganescu D, Ibanescu C, Tamba B, Andritoiu C, Dodi G, Popa M. Flaxseed lignan wound healing formulation: Characterization and in vivo therapeutic evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:614-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fuentealba C, Figuerola F, Estévez AM, González-Muñoz A, Muñoz O. Optimization of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside extraction from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimumL.) and isolation by a simple HPLC-UV method. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2014.953209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vaziri F, Zamani Lari M, Samsami Dehaghani A, Salehi M, Sadeghpour H, Akbarzadeh M, Zare N. Comparing the effects of dietary flaxseed and omega-3 Fatty acids supplement on cyclical mastalgia in Iranian women: a randomized clinical trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE 2014; 2014:174532. [PMID: 25197571 PMCID: PMC4147287 DOI: 10.1155/2014/174532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Considering the negative side effects of chemical drugs, there is a great need for effective alternative treatment strategies to manage cyclical mastalgia. Therefore, this study aimed at comparing the effects of flaxseed diet and omega-3 fatty acids supplement on treatment of cyclical mastalgia. In this study, 61, 60, and 60 women, respectively, received flaxseed as bread, omega-3 fatty acids as pearl, and wheat bread as their diet for two menstrual cycles. At the baseline cycle and end of both interventional cycles, intensity of mastalgia was measured using visual analogue scale. Analysis of covariance showed a significant difference among the three groups regarding the mean intensity of cyclical mastalgia in the first and second cycles of the interventions (P < 0.001). Also, repeated measures analysis of covariance with adjustment of two variables of age and mastalgia intensity of the baseline cycle demonstrated that flaxseed bread was more effective compared to omega-3 and wheat bread (P < 0.001). The results of this study demonstrated that flaxseed bread diet was an effective approach in decreasing cyclical mastalgia and could be prescribed to women as a simple treatment with few complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Vaziri
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Fatemeh (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1359, Shiraz 71936 13119, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Zamani Lari
- Student Research Committee, Fatemeh (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1359, Shiraz 71936 13119, Iran
| | - Alamtaj Samsami Dehaghani
- Infertility Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1359, Shiraz 71936 13119, Iran
| | - Mousa Salehi
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1359, Shiraz 71936 13119, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghpour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1359, Shiraz 71936 13119, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Fatemeh (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1359, Shiraz 71936 13119, Iran
| | - Najaf Zare
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1359, Shiraz 71936 13119, Iran
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Chen PX, Tang Y, Zhang B, Liu R, Marcone MF, Li X, Tsao R. 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural and derivatives formed during acid hydrolysis of conjugated and bound phenolics in plant foods and the effects on phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4754-61. [PMID: 24796380 DOI: 10.1021/jf500518r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A common protocol for the extraction of phenolic aglycons or bound phenolics in plants generally involves hydrothermal hydrolysis in an aqueous methanol or ethanol solution containing 2-4 N HCl. However, as shown in the present study, this process also forms 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde (HMF) and its derivative products 5-(methoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde (MMF) and 5-(ethoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde (EMF), as identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and NMR. These compounds are commonly misidentified as phenolics due to similar UV absorption at 280 nm. In this study, production of HMF, MMF, and EMF was shown to be dependent on the solvent condition and duration and temperature of hydrolysis. Fruits and vegetables produced HMF more readily than grains. HMF and its derivatives were subjected to various spectrophotometric antioxidant assays [2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC)] and displayed antioxidant activity mainly in the ORAC assay. Results of this study help avoid overestimation of phenolic content and antioxidant activities of plant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter X Chen
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
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Ghose K, Selvaraj K, McCallum J, Kirby CW, Sweeney-Nixon M, Cloutier SJ, Deyholos M, Datla R, Fofana B. Identification and functional characterization of a flax UDP-glycosyltransferase glucosylating secoisolariciresinol (SECO) into secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside (SMG) and diglucoside (SDG). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:82. [PMID: 24678929 PMCID: PMC3986616 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignans are a class of diphenolic nonsteroidal phytoestrogens often found glycosylated in planta. Flax seeds are a rich source of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) lignans. Glycosylation is a process by which a glycosyl group is covalently attached to an aglycone substrate and is catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Until now, very little information was available on UGT genes that may play a role in flax SDG biosynthesis. Here we report on the identification, structural and functional characterization of 5 putative UGTs potentially involved in secoisolariciresinol (SECO) glucosylation in flax. RESULTS Five UGT genes belonging to the glycosyltransferases' family 1 (EC 2.4.x.y) were cloned and characterized. They fall under four UGT families corresponding to five sub-families referred to as UGT74S1, UGT74T1, UGT89B3, UGT94H1, UGT712B1 that all display the characteristic plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) conserved motif. However, diversity was observed within this 44 amino acid sequence, especially in the two peptide sequences WAPQV and HCGWNS known to play a key role in the recognition and binding of diverse aglycone substrates and in the sugar donor specificity. In developing flax seeds, UGT74S1 and UGT94H1 showed a coordinated gene expression with that of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR) and their gene expression patterns correlated with SDG biosynthesis. Enzyme assays of the five heterologously expressed UGTs identified UGT74S1 as the only one using SECO as substrate, forming SECO monoglucoside (SMG) and then SDG in a sequential manner. CONCLUSION We have cloned and characterized five flax UGTs and provided evidence that UGT74S1 uses SECO as substrate to form SDG in vitro. This study allowed us to propose a model for the missing step in SDG lignan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Ghose
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4 N6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Kumarakurubaran Selvaraj
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4 N6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Jason McCallum
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4 N6, Canada
| | - Chris W Kirby
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4 N6, Canada
| | - Marva Sweeney-Nixon
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Sylvie J Cloutier
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2 M9, Canada
| | - Michael Deyholos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0 W9, Canada
| | - Bourlaye Fofana
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4 N6, Canada
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Hano C, Renouard S, Molinié R, Corbin C, Barakzoy E, Doussot J, Lamblin F, Lainé E. Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) extract as well as (+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and its mammalian derivatives are potent inhibitors of α-amylase activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3007-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fang J, Ramsay A, Paetz C, Tatsis EC, Renouard S, Hano C, Grand E, Fliniaux O, Roscher A, Mesnard F, Schneider B. Concentration kinetics of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and its biosynthetic precursor coniferin in developing flaxseed. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:41-46. [PMID: 22689568 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the plant kingdom, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is the richest source of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), which is of great interest because of its potential health benefits for human beings. The information about the kinetics of SDG formation during flaxseed development is rare and incomplete. OBJECTIVE In this study, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was developed to quantify SDG and coniferin, a key biosynthetic precursor of SDG in flaxseed. METHODOLOGY Seeds from different developmental stages, which were scaled by days after flowering (DAF), were harvested. After alkaline hydrolysis, the validated HPLC method was applied to determine SDG and coniferin concentrations of flaxseed from different developing stages. RESULTS Coniferin was found in the entire capsule as soon as flowering started and became undetectable 20 DAF. SDG was detected 6 DAF, and the concentration increased until maturity. On the other hand, the SDG amount in a single flaxseed approached the maximum around 25 DAF, before desiccation started. Concentration increase between 25 DAF and 35 DAF can be attributed to corresponding seed weight decrease. CONCLUSION The biosynthesis of coniferin is not synchronous with that of SDG. Hence, the concentrations of SDG and coniferin change during flaxseed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Beutenberg Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Gerstenmeyer E, Reimer S, Berghofer E, Schwartz H, Sontag G. Effect of thermal heating on some lignans in flax seeds, sesame seeds and rye. Food Chem 2012; 138:1847-55. [PMID: 23411317 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of lignan rich food is presumed to have positive effects on human health. As numerous foods are consumed mainly in processed form it is important to investigate the changes of the lignan content during processing. To this end, unheated and heated sesame seeds, sesame products, rye grains, rye flour, rye bread and flax seeds were extracted by sonication with ethanol/water (70:30, v:v) or sodium methoxide. The extracts were additionally hydrolysed enzymatically (β-glucuronidase/arylsulphatase, cellulase), the compounds separated on a reversed phase column by gradient elution and detected by UV/ESI-MS in the negative ionisation multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Secoisolariciresinol, lariciresinol, pinoresinol, 7-hydroxymatairesinol, syringaresinol, isolariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol diglycoside, lariciresinol monoglycoside, pinoresinol mono-, di- and triglycoside, sesaminol, sesaminol triglycoside, sesamolinol and sesamolinol diglycoside were identified. Moderate heating at 100°C did not degrade the lignan aglycones and glycosides in dry foods. In contrast, heating was responsible for the better extractability of the lignans. If samples with high moisture content were heated, the degradation of the lignans in sesame seeds and rye was observed already at 100°C. Higher roasting temperatures caused degradation of aglycones and glycosides. Especially at 250°C, lignans were degraded rapidly in sesame seeds and rye but not in flax seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gerstenmeyer
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Wu CF, Xu XM, Huang SH, Deng MC, Feng AJ, Peng J, Yuan JP, Wang JH. An efficient fermentation method for the degradation of cyanogenic glycosides in flaxseed. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1085-91. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.680202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Simbalista RL, Frota KDMG, Soares RAM, Arêas JAG. Effect of storage and processing of Brazilian flaxseed on lipid and lignan contents. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612012005000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed has been widely studied around the world; its incorporation into products habitually consumed by human populations has been stimulated due to its unique nutritional value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of Brazilian flaxseed, to analyze the stability of lipids present in whole flaxseed flour (WFF) or partially defatted flaxseed flour (DFF) stored under several temperatures, and to investigate the effect of bread making on a product containing flaxseed. Whole flaxseed flour presented (g.100 g-1) 25.7 of insoluble fiber, 10.7 of soluble fiber, 38.9 of lipids, and 2.65 of lignan. Defatted flaxseed flour presented 65% less lipids, 36% more fiber and 56% more lignan than whole flaxseed flour. The fatty acid profile was maintained in the defatted flaxseed flour, and it presented a stable composition during storage under ambient temperature, refrigeration, and freezing. The fatty acid profile was similar in the bread containing defatted flaxseed flour after dough development, baking, and storage at room temperature or refrigerated. After baking, 89% of the lignan content was kept in bread. Results show that Brazilian flaxseed has an interesting chemical composition, and that defatted flaxseed, by-product of lipid extraction, presents a good stability to grind and storage under several temperatures. Thus, defatted flaxseed flour can be incorporated in bread, increasing its nutritional and functional value.
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Kosińska A, Penkacik K, Wiczkowski W, Amarowicz R. Presence of caffeic acid in flaxseed lignan macromolecule. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 66:270-4. [PMID: 21766213 PMCID: PMC3156902 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were extracted from defatted flaxseeds using ethanol-dioxane (1:1, v/v). The crude extract obtained was purified using Amberlite XAD-16 column chromatography with water and methanol as mobile phases. RP-HPLC and SE-HPLC showed a lignan macromolecule (LM) as a dominant phenolic compound in the purified extract. After the alkaline hydrolysis of LM caffeic acid glucoside (CaAG) was isolated using a semi-preparative HPLC and its structure was confirmed by LC-ESI-MS. In LM of the investigated flaxseed, one molecule of caffeic acid corresponded with five molecules of p-coumaric acid and two molecules of ferulic acid. The presence of caffeic acid in the lignan molecule might be very beneficial due to its high antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kosińska
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside determination in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil and application to a shelf life study. Food Chem 2011; 126:1553-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Role of bifidobacteria in the activation of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:159-68. [PMID: 21614502 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are ubiquitous plant polyphenols, which have relevant health properties being the major phytoestrogens occurring in Western diets. Secoisolariciresinol (SECO) is the major dietary lignan mostly found in plants as secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). To exert biological activity, SDG requires being deglycosylated to SECO and transformed to enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone (EL) by the intestinal microbes. The involvement of bifidobacteria in the transformation of lignans glucosides has been investigated for the first time in this study. Twenty-eight strains were assayed for SDG and SECO activation. They all failed to transform SECO into reduced metabolites, excluding any role in ED and EL production. Ten Bifidobacterium cultures partially hydrolyzed SDG, giving both SECO and the monoglucoside with yields < 25%. When the cell-free extracts were assayed in SDG transformation, seven additional strains were active in the hydrolysis. Cellobiose induced β-glucosidase activity and caused the enhancement of both the rate of SDG hydrolysis and the final yield of SECO only in the strains capable of SDG bioconversion. The highest SDG conversion to SECO was achieved by Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum WC 401, which exhibited 75% yield in cellobiose-based medium after 48 h. These results indicate that SDG hydrolysis is not a common feature in Bifidobacterium genus, but selected probiotic strains can be combined to β-glucoside-based prebiotics to enhance the release of SECO, thus improving its bioavailability for absorption by colonic mucosa and/or the biotransformation to ED and EL by other intestinal microorganisms.
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Herchi W, Sawalha S, Arráez-Román D, Boukhchina S, Segura-Carretero A, Kallel H, Fernández-Gutierrez A. Determination of phenolic and other polar compounds in flaxseed oil using liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Peterson J, Dwyer J, Adlercreutz H, Scalbert A, Jacques P, McCullough ML. Dietary lignans: physiology and potential for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:571-603. [PMID: 20883417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review of the literature on lignan physiology and lignan intervention and epidemiological studies was conducted to determine if lignans decrease the risks of cardiovascular disease in Western populations. Five intervention studies using flaxseed lignan supplements indicated beneficial associations with C-reactive protein, and a meta-analysis that included these studies also suggested lignans have a lowering effect on plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Three intervention studies using sesamin supplements indicated possible lipid- and blood pressure-lowering associations. Eleven human observational epidemiological studies examined dietary intakes of lignans in relation to cardiovascular disease risk. Five showed decreased risk with either increasing dietary intakes of lignans or increased levels of serum enterolactone (an enterolignan used as a biomarker of lignan intake), five studies were of borderline significance, and one was null. The associations between lignans and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease are promising, but they are yet not well established, perhaps due to low lignan intakes in habitual Western diets. At the higher doses used in intervention studies, associations were more evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peterson
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachussets, USA
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Cellulase-assisted release of secoisolariciresinol from extracts of flax (Linum usitatissimum) hulls and whole seeds. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Functional properties and chemical composition of fractionated brown and yellow linseed meal (Linum usitatissimum L.). J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Health effects with consumption of the flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:929-38. [PMID: 20003621 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509992753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed is the richest source of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). After ingestion, SDG is converted to secoisolariciresinol, which is further metabolised to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone. A growing body of evidence suggests that SDG metabolites may provide health benefits due to their weak oestrogenic or anti-oestrogenic effects, antioxidant activity, ability to induce phase 2 proteins and/or inhibit the activity of certain enzymes, or by mechanisms yet unidentified. Human and animal studies identify the benefits of SDG consumption. SDG metabolites may protect against CVD and the metabolic syndrome by reducing lipid and glucose concentrations, lowering blood pressure, and decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation. Flax lignans may also reduce cancer risk by preventing pre-cancerous cellular changes and by reducing angiogenesis and metastasis. Thus, dietary SDG has the potential to decrease the incidence of several chronic diseases that result in significant morbidity and mortality in industrialised countries. The available literature, though, makes it difficult to clearly identify SDG health effects because of the wide variability in study methods. However, the current evidence suggests that a dose of at least 500 mg SDG/d for approximately 8 weeks is needed to observe positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors in human patients. Flaxseed and its lignan extracts appear to be safe for most adult populations, though animal studies suggest that pregnant women should limit their exposure. The present review discusses the potential health benefits of SDG in humans, with supporting evidence from animal studies, and offers suggestions for future research.
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Struijs K, Vincken JP, Gruppen H. Bacterial conversion of secoisolariciresinol and anhydrosecoisolariciresinol. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:308-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang C, Zhong Y, Sun X, Ma Y. Purification and characterization of SDG-β-d-glucosidase hydrolyzing secoisolariciresinol diglucoside to secoisolariciresinol from Aspergillus oryzae. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Popova IE, Hall C, Kubátová A. Determination of lignans in flaxseed using liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:217-29. [PMID: 19070866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method of flaxseed-derived lignan determination was developed using HPLC with high-resolution time-of-flight MS (TOF-MS), optimized, and compared to two existing methods (HPLC/MS/MS and GC/MS). The limits of detection (LODs) for HPLC/TOF-MS (0.002-0.043 pg) were comparable with those of the optimized and improved HPLC/MS/MS (0.001-0.015 pg), whereas the LODs for the optimized GC/MS were higher (0.02-3.0 pg, yet lower than reported before). Using the newly developed detection and separation methods, several key flaxseed sample preparation parameters (including extraction, hydrolysis, and sample purification) were evaluated resulting in the development of efficient protocol for lignan quantification from flaxseed hulls and embryos. The results confirmed the importance of quantification of both aglycones and unhydrolyzed glucosides in order to obtain the total lignan estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Popova
- Chemistry Department, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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