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Shagaghipour S, Sorouraddin SM, Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. In situ formation of chloroform for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of some aromatic amines from aqueous samples optimized by central composite design prior to GC-MS analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:2219-2225. [PMID: 37102720 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00141e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the current research, an in situ solvent formation-liquid phase microextraction method based on chloroform has been introduced as an efficient sample preparation procedure and applied for the extraction and preconcentration of some aromatic amines from wastewaters. In this method, chloral hydrate (2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol) was added to an alkaline solution of the samples in order to form chloroform as an extraction solvent in the sample solution. Thus, the selected analytes were transferred from the aqueous solution into the tiny droplets of the produced chloroform. Following this, the extracted and enriched analytes were quantified using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Experimental conditions of the proposed method including the chloral hydrate amount, salt effect, extraction time, and sodium hydroxide concentration were studied and optimized by a central composite design approach. By the offered method, high enrichment factors (292-324) with satisfactory extraction recoveries (82-91%), low limits of detection (0.26-0.39 ng mL-1), and proper repeatability (relative standard deviations ≤6.3% for intra- and inter-day precisions) were achieved under optimum conditions. Eventually, the suggested method was assessed through the quantification of aromatic amines in aqueous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shagaghipour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Mersin 10, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Sun T, Chen R, Huang Q, Ba M, Cai Z, Chen H, Qi Y, Chen H, Liu X, Nardiello D, Quinto M. Efficient gas chromatographic separation of xylene and other aromatic isomers by using pillar[6]arene-based stationary phase. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:340979. [PMID: 36925280 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The separation of aromatic isomers, in particular xylene isomers, represents a big issue in chemical and petroleum industries, owing to their similar molecular sizes and boiling points. In this work, the investigation ofpillar[6]arene derivative modified by long alkyl chains (P6A-C10) as a stationary phase for high-resolution gas chromatographic (GC) separations of xylene isomers is presented. Pillar[n]arenes are a new class of macrocyclic hosts that can accommodate specific guests due to their highly symmetrical and rigid pillar architectures with π-electron rich cavities. The P6A-C10 column showed high-resolution performance towards xylene isomers, with peculiar advantages if compared with the commercial HP-5, HP-35, DB-17, and PEG-20Mcolumns.A quantum chemistry calculation has been performed, showing a difference in non-covalent interactions with the P6A-C10 pillar framework, which leads to specific selectivity for xylene isomers.Furthermore, the P6A-C10 column exhibited good repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, PR China.
| | - Ruonan Chen
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qiuchen Huang
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Mengyi Ba
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Haipeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, PR China
| | - Yueheng Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, PR China
| | - Xianming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, PR China
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resource, and Engineering (DAFNE), via Napoli 25, I-71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resource, and Engineering (DAFNE), via Napoli 25, I-71122, Foggia, Italy.
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Lorenzo-Parodi N, Kaziur-Cegla W, Gjelstad A, Schmidt TC. Liquid-phase microextraction of aromatic amines: hollow fiber-liquid-phase microextraction and parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction comparison. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1765-1776. [PMID: 36820909 PMCID: PMC9992073 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amines (AA) are carcinogenic compounds that can enter the human body through many sources, one of the most important being tobacco smoke. They are excreted with the urine, from which they can be extracted and measured. To that end, hollow fiber-liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) were optimized for the analysis of representative aromatic amines, as alternatives to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Relevant extraction parameters, namely organic solvent, extraction time, agitation speed, and acceptor solution pH, were studied, and the two optimized techniques-HF-LPME: dihexyl ether, 45 min, 250 rpm, and pH 1; PALME: undecane, 20 min, 250 rpm and pH 1-were compared. Comparison of the optimized methods showed that significantly higher recoveries could be obtained with PALME than with HF-LPME. Therefore, PALME was further validated. The results were successful for nine different AA, with regression coefficients (R2) of at least 0.991, limits of detection (LOD) of 45-75 ng/L, and repeatability and peak area relative standard deviations (RSD) below 20%. Furthermore, two urine samples from smokers were measured as proof of concept, and 2-methylaniline was successfully quantified in one of them. These results show that PALME is a great green alternative to LLE. Not only does it use much smaller volumes of toxic organic solvents, and sample-enabling the study of samples with limited available volumes-but it is also less time consuming and labor intensive, and it can be automated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Lorenzo-Parodi
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Kaziur-Cegla
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid Gjelstad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany. .,Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany. .,IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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Nemati M, Farajzadeh MA, Altunay N, Tuzen M, Kaya S, Maslov MM, Mogaddam MRA. Combination of doped amorphous carbon based dispersive solid phase extraction with ionic liquid-based DLLME for the extraction of aromatic amines from leather industries wastewater; Theoretical and experimental insights. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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5
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Agrawal A, Keçili R, Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh F, Hussain CM. Green miniaturized technologies in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang Y, Liu D, Wang B, Lu H, Huang Z. Reversible temperature regulation of CO2-responsive ionic liquid microemulsion. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Hong R, Wu P, Lin J, Huang L, Yang L, Wu Y, Yao H. Three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with HPLC for determination of three trace acidic plant growth regulators in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2773-2783. [PMID: 32306553 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of plant growth regulators presents a challenge due to their trace quantities and complex matrices. A novel, simple, and effective analytical method for the determination of three trace acidic plant growth regulators in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl was developed to address this issue. Three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography was applied for the enrichment, purification, and determination of three acidic plant growth regulators, namely, indole-3-acetic-acid, indole-3-butyric-acid, and (+)-abscisic acid. The factors affecting extraction performance, including extractant species, pH of donor and acceptor phases, salt addition dosage, extraction time, temperature, and stirring rate, were investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method provided good linearity (R2 , 0.9994-0.9999), low limit of detection (0.038-0.12 ng/mL), and acceptable relative recoveries (56.7-117.6%). The enrichment factors were between 153 and 328. The developed method was successfully applied to the enrichment and determination of plant growth regulators in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl and exhibited increased purification capacity, higher sensitivity, and decreased organic solvent consumption compared with conventional sample preparation methods. This method may provide a testing platform for the monitoring of plant growth regulator residues, ensuring the safe and effective use of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Jin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Liying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Youjia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
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8
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Aly AA, Górecki T. Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques. Molecules 2020; 25:E1719. [PMID: 32283595 PMCID: PMC7180442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparing a sample for analysis is a crucial step of many analytical procedures. The goal of sample preparation is to provide a representative, homogenous sample that is free of interferences and compatible with the intended analytical method. Green approaches to sample preparation require that the consumption of hazardous organic solvents and energy be minimized or even eliminated in the analytical process. While no sample preparation is clearly the most environmentally friendly approach, complete elimination of this step is not always practical. In such cases, the extraction techniques which use low amounts of solvents or no solvents are considered ideal alternatives. This paper presents an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies, briefly introduces their theoretical principles, and describes the recent developments in food, pharmaceutical, environmental and bioanalytical chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshymaa A. Aly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Menia Governorate 61519, Egypt
| | - Tadeusz Górecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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9
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Sun T, Qi L, Li W, Li Y, Shuai X, Cai Z, Chen H, Qiao X, Ma L. Amphiphilic calix[4]arenes as a highly selective gas chromatographic stationary phase for aromatic amine isomers. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:310-318. [PMID: 31054832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Efficient separation of aromatic amine isomers is a challenging issue in chemical industry and environmental analysis. Here we report the use of p-amino-tetradecyloxy-calix[4]arene (C4A-NH2) as a novel stationary phase for gas chromatographic (GC) separations. The statically coated C4A-NH2 capillary column showed a high column efficiency of 4332 plates/m for a 0.25 mm ID column and medium polarity. The C4A-NH2 stationary phase exhibited an excellent separation performance both for aromatic amine isomers and a complex mixture of aliphatic analytes with a wide ranging polarity, showing distinct advantages over the commercial polysiloxane stationary phases via diversified molecular interactions covering H-bonding, π-π, van der Waals interactions and shape-fitting selectivity. The retention mechanisms of aromatic amine isomers on C4A-NH2 column were further investigated by quantum chemistry calculations. In addition, the C4A-NH2 column showed good column repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 0.03%-0.07% for run-to-run, 0.10%-0.27% for day-to-day and 2.6%-5.7% for column-to-column, respectively, and thermal stability up to 240℃.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China.
| | - Liran Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Shuai
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haipeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China; Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Lufang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
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10
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Dargahi R, Ebrahimzadeh H, Alizadeh R. Polypyrrole coated ZnO nanorods on platinum wire for solid-phase microextraction of amitraz and teflubenzuron pesticides prior to quantitation by GC-MS. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:150. [PMID: 29594491 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a new sorbent for amitraz and teflubenzuron pesticides. It consists of a platinum wire coated with polypyrrole-coated ZnO nanorods. The nanocomposite was prepared by a two-step process. In the first step, oriented ZnO nanorods were hydrothermally grown in situ on a platinum wire. Subsequently, oxidative vapor phase polymerization of pyrrole was performed on FeCl3-impregnated ZnO nanorods to give a porous polypyrrole film. The organic/inorganic nanocomposite synthesized through hydrothermal deposition and chemical vapor deposition polymerization yields material with attractive properties. The coated wire was applied to solid-phase microextraction of amitraz (in the form of 2,4-dimethylaniline resulting from the hydrolysis of amitraz) and teflubenzuron. The effects of extraction temperature, extraction time, sample pH value and salt concentration were optimized. The analytes 2,4-dimethylaniline and teflubenzuron were then quantified by GC-MS. Under optimum conditions, the LODs range between 0.1 and 0.15 ng.mL-1. Relative standard deviations at two concentration are <8.3% for intraday precision and <10.3% for inter-day precision. In all cases, the fiber to fiber reproducibility is <12.2%. For both analytes the linear dynamic ranges are 0.5-300 ng.mL-1. The procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of spiked agricultural water samples. Graphical abstract A novel inorganic/organic hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized through in situ hydrothermal deposition of ZnO nanorods and ten placing a thin layer of polypyrrole on them by chemical vapor deposition polymerization. This nanocomposite was applied to fabricate a solid-phase microextraction fiber for the extraction of amitraz and teflubenzuron pesticides residue from agricultural samples prior to their quantitation by GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Dargahi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Homeira Ebrahimzadeh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Reza Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Qom University, Qom, 3716146611, Iran
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Naous M, García-Gómez D, López-Jiménez FJ, Bouanani F, Lunar ML, Rubio S. Multicore Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Oligomeric Micelles: Characterization and Potential for the Extraction of Contaminants over a Wide Polarity Range. Anal Chem 2016; 89:1353-1361. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Naous
- Laboratoire
de Chimie physique Macromoléculaire, BP 1524 Université d Oran1 Ahmed Benbella, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - Diego García-Gómez
- Department
of Analytical Chemisty, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry,
Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco José López-Jiménez
- Department
of Analytical Chemisty, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry,
Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Farida Bouanani
- Laboratoire
de Chimie physique Macromoléculaire, BP 1524 Université d Oran1 Ahmed Benbella, 31000 Oran, Algeria
- Département
de Physique-Chimie, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d’Oran, B.P. 1523 El M’Nanouer, 31000, Oran, Algeria
| | - María Loreto Lunar
- Department
of Analytical Chemisty, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry,
Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Rubio
- Department
of Analytical Chemisty, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry,
Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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12
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Fiber-assisted emulsification microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of aromatic amines in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1361:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yu J, Zhao C, Chong F, Cao Y, Subhan F, Cui B, Tang S, Yuan C, Zeng J, Yan Z. A Simple, Rapid and Eco-Friendly Approach for the Analysis of Aromatic Amines in Environmental Water Using Single-Drop Microextraction-Gas Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:360-5. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Chaiphet T, Bunkoed O, Thammakhet C, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P. A novel microextractor stick (polyaniline/zinc film/stainless steel) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:882-891. [PMID: 24766589 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.893791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel microextractor stick (MES) has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples. The proposed MES was prepared by electrodepositing a Zn-film onto a stainless steel stick followed by a coating with polyaniline (PANI) sorptive layers. This PANI/Zn-film/stainless steel stick produced a large surface area, provided a high extraction efficiency (82.0 ± 6.2% to 111.0 ± 7.5% recovery) of spiked chrysene (Chry) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). This MES is cost-effective, easy to prepare, robust and provides a good stick-to-stick reproducibility (n = 10) with a relative standard deviation of less than 10%. The effect of various parameters on the efficiency of extraction of PAHs were optimized, including the extraction time, extraction and desorption stirring speeds, volume of desorption solvent and desorption time. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (S/N ≥ 3) and limit of quantification (S/N ≥ 10) of both Chry and BaP were 0.05 and 0.12 μg L(-1), respectively. The developed MES was successfully applied to determine PAHs in real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiphan Chaiphet
- a Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai , Songkhla , Thailand
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15
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Xue Y, Hang Y, Luan G. Ion Chromatography for Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Three Alkylamines in Wastewater after Headspace Single-Drop Microextraction. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.832268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Determination of Anilines and Toluidines in Water by Salt-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Combined with GC-FID. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Yang H, Ding Y, Cao J, Li P. Twenty-one years of microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (1991-2012): A powerful analytical tool. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1273-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Yao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou; P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; P. R. China
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18
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Jin YF, Chen N, Liu RQ, Zhang YP, Bai LY, Chen J. Rapid Preparation of Monolithic Molecular Imprinted Polymer Fiber for Solid Phase Microextraction by Microwave Irradiation. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Li R, Wang L, Gao X, Du G, Zhai H, Wang X, Guo G, Pu Q. Rapid separation and sensitive determination of banned aromatic amines with plastic microchip electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 248-249:268-275. [PMID: 23385207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid analysis of trace amount of aromatic amines in environmental samples and daily necessities has attracted considerable attentions because some of them are strongly toxic and carcinogenic. In this study, fast and efficient electrophoretic separation and sensitive determination of 5 banned aromatic amines were explored for practical analysis using disposable plastic microchips combined with a low-cost laser-induced fluorescence detector. The effect of running buffer and its additive was systematically investigated. Under the selected condition, 5 fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled aromatic amines could be baseline separated within 90s by using a 10mmol/L borate buffer containing 2% (w/v) hydroxypropyl cellulose. Calibration curves of peak areas vs. concentrations were linear up to 40 or 120μmol/L for different analytes and limits of detection were in a range of 1-3nmol/L. Theoretical plate numbers of 6.8-8.5×10(5)/m were readily achieved. The method exhibited good repeatability, relative standard deviations (n=5) of peak areas and migration times were no more than 4.6% and 0.9%, respectively. The established method was successfully applied in the quantitative analysis of these banned aromatic amines in real samples of waste water and textile, recoveries of added standards were 85-110%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Ryan R, Altria K, McEvoy E, Donegan S, Power J. A review of developments in the methodology and application of microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:159-77. [PMID: 23161220 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
MEEKC is a mode of CE, which utilizes microemulsion (ME) as the BGE to achieve separation of a diverse range of analytes. MEs are composed of nanometer-sized oil droplets suspended in aqueous buffer which are stabilized by the presence of a surfactant and co-surfactant. These MEs are commonly referred to as oil-in-water MEs and their application in MEEKC has been extensively examined. This review details advances in the theory, methodology, and application of MEEKC during the period 2010-2012. Areas covered include online sample concentration, advances in chiral separations, use of coated capillaries, chemometric approaches, and the use of novel additives to the ME system. This review also provides the reader with an introduction to MEEKC and a presentation of recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie Ryan
- Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
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21
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Gao L, Jönsson JÅ. Determination of Melamine in Fresh Milk with Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction Based on Ion-Pair Mechanism Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.688084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Wen Y, Li J, Ma J, Chen L. Recent advances in enrichment techniques for trace analysis in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2933-52. [PMID: 23019127 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CE is gaining great popularity as a well-established separation technique for many fields such as pharmaceutical research, clinical application, environmental monitoring, and food analysis, owing to its high resolving power, rapidity, and small amount of samples and reagents required. However, the sensitivity in CE analysis is still considered as being inferior to that in HPLC analysis. Diverse enrichment methods and techniques have been increasingly developed for overcoming this issue. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in enrichment techniques containing off-line preconcentration (sample preparation) and on-line concentration (sample stacking) to enhancing sensitivity in CE for trace analysis over the last 5 years. Some relatively new cleanup and preconcentration methods involving the use of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, supercritical fluid extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, etc., and the continued use and improvement of conventional SPE, have been comprehensively reviewed and proved effective preconcentration alternatives for liquid, semisolid, and solid samples. As for CE on-line stacking, we give an overview of field amplication, sweeping, pH regulation, and transient isotachophoresis, and the coupling of multiple modes. Moreover, some limitations and comparisons related to such methods/techniques are also discussed. Finally, the combined use of various enrichment techniques and some significant attempts are proposed to further promote analytical merits in CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research-YIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences-CAS, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, P. R. China
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23
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Li RH, Liu DH, Yang ZH, Zhou ZQ, Wang P. Vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced-emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of triazine herbicides in water samples by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2176-83. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Yu L, Chu K, Ye H, Liu X, Yu L, Xu X, Chen G. Recent advances in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Rapid determination of anilines in water samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:877-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Developments in hollow fiber based liquid-phase microextraction: principles and applications. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Moradi M, Yamini Y, Rezaei F, Tahmasebi E, Esrafili A. Development of a new and environment friendly hollow fiber-supported liquid phase microextraction using vesicular aggregate-based supramolecular solvent. Analyst 2012; 137:3549-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Geiger
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207
Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Amy L. Hogerton
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207
Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael T. Bowser
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207
Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Yang P, Ren H, Wei Z, Liu X, Jiang S. Orthogonal array optimization of ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for toxic anilines in foods. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Trends in liquid-phase microextraction, and its application to environmental and biological samples. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Gao W, Chen G, Chen Y, Li N, Chen T, Hu Z. Selective extraction of alkaloids in human urine by on-line single drop microextraction coupled with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5712-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Moradi M, Yamini Y, Kakehmam J, Esrafili A, Ghambarian M. A new strategy to simultaneous microextraction of acidic and basic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3945-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Shen Y, Qi L, Qin J, Zhang H, Qiao J, Chen Y, Mao L. Development of a new open-tubular capillary electrochromatography method for in vitro
monitoring of toxic aromatic amines distribution in rat blood. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3538-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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34
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Han D, Yan H, Row KH. Ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for sensitive determination of aromatic amines in environmental water. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1184-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Orthogonal array design for the optimization of hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction of salicylates from environmental waters. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 689:219-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Xiao P, Bao C, Jia Q, Su R, Zhou W, Jia J. Determination of nitroanilines in hair dye using polymer monolith microextraction coupled with HPLC. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:675-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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