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Jouhet J, Alves E, Boutté Y, Darnet S, Domergue F, Durand T, Fischer P, Fouillen L, Grube M, Joubès J, Kalnenieks U, Kargul JM, Khozin-Goldberg I, Leblanc C, Letsiou S, Lupette J, Markov GV, Medina I, Melo T, Mojzeš P, Momchilova S, Mongrand S, Moreira ASP, Neves BB, Oger C, Rey F, Santaeufemia S, Schaller H, Schleyer G, Tietel Z, Zammit G, Ziv C, Domingues R. Plant and algal lipidomes: Analysis, composition, and their societal significance. Prog Lipid Res 2024:101290. [PMID: 39094698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Plants and algae play a crucial role in the earth's ecosystems. Through photosynthesis they convert light energy into chemical energy, capture CO2 and produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthetic organisms are primary producers and synthesize the essential omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. They have also unique and highly diverse complex lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, sphingolipids and phytosterols, with nutritional and health benefits. Plant and algal lipids are useful in food, feed, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries but also for green chemistry and bioenergy. The analysis of plant and algal lipidomes represents a significant challenge due to the intricate and diverse nature of their composition, as well as their plasticity under changing environmental conditions. Optimization of analytical tools is crucial for an in-depth exploration of the lipidome of plants and algae. This review highlights how lipidomics analytical tools can be used to establish a complete mapping of plant and algal lipidomes. Acquiring this knowledge will pave the way for the use of plants and algae as sources of tailored lipids for both industrial and environmental applications. This aligns with the main challenges for society, upholding the natural resources of our planet and respecting their limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/INRAE/CEA/Grenoble Alpes Univ., 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Pauline Fischer
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Mara Grube
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Uldis Kalnenieks
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Joanna M Kargul
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Dryland Agriculture and Biotechnology, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Sophia Letsiou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spiridonos str. Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Peter Mojzeš
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana Momchilova
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 9, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Bruna B Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Felisa Rey
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sergio Santaeufemia
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guy Schleyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev 8531100, Israel
| | - Gabrielle Zammit
- Laboratory of Applied Phycology, Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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Huang Z, Ding M, Xie Y, Chen B, Zhao D, Li C. Kappa-carrageenan in a pork-based high-fat diet inhibited lipid bioavailability through interactions with pork protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133922. [PMID: 39029841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
κ-Carrageenan is a soluble dietary fiber widely used in meat products. Although its regulatory effect on glycolipid metabolism has been reported, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study established a pork diet model for in vitro digestion to study how κ-carrageenan affected its digestive behavior and lipid bioavailability. The results revealed that κ-carrageenan addition to a pork-based high-fat diet reduced the rate of lipolysis and increased the number and size of lipid droplets in an in vitro digestion condition. However, κ-carrageenan did not inhibit lipolysis when lipids and κ-carrageenan were mixed directly or with the addition of pork protein. Furthermore, the pork protein in the diet significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of κ-carrageenan on lipolysis with decreased proteolysis and raised hydrophobicity of protein hydrolysate. Our findings suggest that κ-carrageenan can inhibit dietary lipid bioavailability by interacting with pork protein in meat products or meat-based diets during digestion and indicate the positive role of carrageenan in the food industry to alleviate the excessive accumulation of lipids in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiji Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, MOST; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, PR China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Mengzhen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, MOST; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yunting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, MOST; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Bingyan Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, MOST; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chunbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, MOST; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Hassane AMA, Eldiehy KSH, Saha D, Mohamed H, Mosa MA, Abouelela ME, Abo-Dahab NF, El-Shanawany ARA. Oleaginous fungi: a promising source of biofuels and nutraceuticals with enhanced lipid production strategies. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:338. [PMID: 38955856 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Oleaginous fungi have attracted a great deal of interest for their potency to accumulate high amounts of lipids (more than 20% of biomass dry weight) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have a variety of industrial and biological applications. Lipids of plant and animal origin are related to some restrictions and thus lead to attention towards oleaginous microorganisms as reliable substitute resources. Lipids are traditionally biosynthesized intra-cellularly and involved in the building structure of a variety of cellular compartments. In oleaginous fungi, under certain conditions of elevated carbon ratio and decreased nitrogen in the growth medium, a change in metabolic pathway occurred by switching the whole central carbon metabolism to fatty acid anabolism, which subsequently resulted in high lipid accumulation. The present review illustrates the bio-lipid structure, fatty acid classes and biosynthesis within oleaginous fungi with certain key enzymes, and the advantages of oleaginous fungi over other lipid bio-sources. Qualitative and quantitative techniques for detecting the lipid accumulation capability of oleaginous microbes including visual, and analytical (convenient and non-convenient) were debated. Factors affecting lipid production, and different approaches followed to enhance the lipid content in oleaginous yeasts and fungi, including optimization, utilization of cost-effective wastes, co-culturing, as well as metabolic and genetic engineering, were discussed. A better understanding of the oleaginous fungi regarding screening, detection, and maximization of lipid content using different strategies could help to discover new potent oleaginous isolates, exploit and recycle low-cost wastes, and improve the efficiency of bio-lipids cumulation with biotechnological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M A Hassane
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Khalifa S H Eldiehy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Debanjan Saha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, P.O. Box 784028, Assam, India
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, P.O. Box 255000, Zibo, China
| | - Mohamed A Mosa
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Nano-Materials Laboratory (NANML), Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nageh F Abo-Dahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rehim A El-Shanawany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
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Morão IFC, Simões T, Casado RB, Vieira S, Ferreira-Airaud B, Caliani I, Di Noi A, Casini S, Fossi MC, Lemos MFL, Novais SC. Metal accumulation in female green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Eastern Atlantic affects their egg quality with potential implications for embryonic development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172710. [PMID: 38670375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Sea turtles, with their global distribution and complex life cycle, often accumulate pollutants such as metals and metalloids due to their extended lifespan and feeding habits. However, there are limited studies exploring the impact of metal pollution on the reproductive health of female sea turtles, specifically focusing on the quality of their eggs, which has significant implications for the future generations of these charismatic animals. São Tomé Island, a crucial nesting and feeding habitat for green sea turtles, underscores the urgent need for comprehensive research in this ecologically significant area. This study aimed to investigate whether metals and metalloids in the blood of nesting female green sea turtles induce genotoxic effects in their erythrocytes and affect their egg morphometric characteristics and the composition of related compartments. Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate whether the quality of energetic reserves for embryo development (fatty acids in yolk's polar and neutral lipids) is influenced by the contamination status of their predecessors. Results revealed correlations between Cu and Hg levels and increased "lobed" erythrocytes, while As and Cu negatively influenced shell thickness. In terms of energy reserves, both polar and neutral lipid fractions contained primarily saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, with prevalent 18:1n-9, 18:0, 16:0, 14:0, and 12:0 fatty acids in yolk samples. The yolk polar fraction was more susceptible to contaminant levels in female sea turtles, showing consistent negative correlations between pollution load index and essential n3 fatty acids, including linolenic, eicosatrienoic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acids, crucial for embryonic development. These metals accumulation, coupled with the reduced availability of these key fatty acids, may disrupt the eicosanoid and other important pathways, affecting reproductive development. This study reveals a negative correlation between metal contamination in female sea turtles' blood and egg lipid reserves, raising concerns about embryonic development and the species' future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês F C Morão
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Simões
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
| | - Roger B Casado
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
| | - Sara Vieira
- Associação Programa Tatô, São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe; Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Betânia Ferreira-Airaud
- Associação Programa Tatô, São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe; Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Agata Di Noi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Casini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria C Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal.
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Yu X, Wang M, Wang D, Wei M, Li F, Lyu Y, Liu J. Biosynthesis of Feruloyl Glycerol from Ferulic Acid and Glycerol Through a Two-Enzyme Cascade Reaction. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04984-6. [PMID: 38884855 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Feruloyl glycerol (FG) has a variety of biological activities, but the green synthesis methods of FG remain rare. In this study, FG was prepared by a cascade reaction catalyzed by 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and hydroxycinnamoyl acyltransferase 4 (HCT4). The cascade reaction carried out at solvent water and room temperature is more convenient and greener. Firstly, the product derived from the cascade reaction was characterized by TLC, HPLC, FTIR, and ESI-MS. The results showed that the product was FG. Secondly, the effects of temperature, pH, enzyme ratio, Mg2+ concentration, and CoA concentration on the cascade reaction were investigated. Consequently, the highest reaction rate was obtained at 30 °C, pH 6, an enzyme ratio of 1:3, and Mg2+ concentration of 5 mM. Finally, semi-preparative scale synthesis for FG was conducted. The production of FG reached 35.1 mM at 24 h with the FG conversion of 70.18%. In a word, a novel idea for the efficient and green synthesis of FG was proposed, which had great potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minyang Wang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dujun Wang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Wei
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Li
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongmei Lyu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinbin Liu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China.
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Bermúdez MA, Garrido A, Pereira L, Garrido T, Balboa MA, Balsinde J. Rapid Movement of Palmitoleic Acid from Phosphatidylcholine to Phosphatidylinositol in Activated Human Monocytes. Biomolecules 2024; 14:707. [PMID: 38927110 PMCID: PMC11202010 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This work describes a novel route for phospholipid fatty acid remodeling involving the monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid. When administered to human monocytes, palmitoleic acid rapidly incorporates into membrane phospholipids, notably into phosphatidylcholine (PC). In resting cells, palmitoleic acid remains within the phospholipid pools where it was initially incorporated, showing no further movement. However, stimulation of the human monocytes with either receptor-directed (opsonized zymosan) or soluble (calcium ionophore A23187) agonists results in the rapid transfer of palmitoleic acid moieties from PC to phosphatidylinositol (PI). This is due to the activation of a coenzyme A-dependent remodeling route involving two different phospholipase A2 enzymes that act on different substrates to generate free palmitoleic acid and lysoPI acceptors. The stimulated enrichment of specific PI molecular species with palmitoleic acid unveils a hitherto-unrecognized pathway for lipid turnover in human monocytes which may play a role in regulating lipid signaling during innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Bermúdez
- Bioactive Lipids and Lipidomics Core, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Garrido
- Bioactive Lipids and Lipidomics Core, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pereira
- Bioactive Lipids and Lipidomics Core, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Garrido
- Bioactive Lipids and Lipidomics Core, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Balboa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation Group, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Bioactive Lipids and Lipidomics Core, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Meyer T, Knittelfelder O, Smolnig M, Rockenfeller P. Quantifying yeast lipidomics by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and comparison to mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2024; 11:57-68. [PMID: 38384676 PMCID: PMC10879857 DOI: 10.15698/mic2024.02.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipidomic analysis in diverse biological settings has become a frequent tool to increase our understanding of the processes of life. Cellular lipids play important roles not only as being the main components of cellular membranes, but also in the regulation of cell homeostasis as lipid signaling molecules. Yeast has been harnessed for biomedical research based on its good conservation of genetics and fundamental cell organisation principles and molecular pathways. Further application in so-called humanised yeast models have been developed which take advantage of yeast as providing the basics of a living cell with full control over heterologous expression. Here we present evidence that high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) represents an effective alternative to replace cost intensive mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analyses. We provide statistical comparison of identical samples by both methods, which support the use of HPTLC for quantitative analysis of the main yeast lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Meyer
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Smolnig
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Patrick Rockenfeller
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
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Makay K, Griehl C, Grewe C. Development of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography-based method for targeted glycerolipidome profiling of microalgae. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1149-1164. [PMID: 38172195 PMCID: PMC10850188 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The conditionally essential very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3), play a vital role in human nutrition. Their biological activity is thereby greatly influenced by the distinct glycerolipid molecule that they are esterified to. Here, microalgae differ from the conventional source, fish oil, both in quantity and distribution of VLC-PUFAs among the glycerolipidome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a fast and reliable one-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-based method that allows the separation and quantification of the main microalgal glycerolipid classes (e.g., monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG)), as well as the subsequent analysis of their respective fatty acid distribution via gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Following optimization, method validation was carried out for 13 different lipid classes, based on the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. In HPTLC, linearity was effective between 100 and 2100 ng, with a limit of quantification between 62.99 and 90.09 ng depending on the glycerolipid class, with strong correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.995). The recovery varied between 93.17 and 108.12%, while the inter-day precision measurements showed coefficients of variation of less than 8.85%, close to the limit of detection. Applying this method to crude lipid extracts of four EPA producing microalgae of commercial interest, the content of different glycerolipid classes was assessed together with the respective FA distribution subsequent to band elution. The results showed that the described precise and accurate HPTLC method offers the possibility to be used routinely to follow variations in the glycerolipid class levels throughout strain screening, cultivation, or bioprocessing. Thus, additional quantitative analytical information on the complex lipidome of microalgae can be obtained, especially for n-3 and n-6 enriched lipid fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolos Makay
- Research Group of Bioprocess Engineering, Center of Life Sciences of Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Str. 55, 06366, Köthen, Germany
| | - Carola Griehl
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Str. 55, 06366, Köthen, Germany
| | - Claudia Grewe
- Research Group of Bioprocess Engineering, Center of Life Sciences of Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Str. 55, 06366, Köthen, Germany.
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9
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Yao S, Miyagusuku-Cruzado G, West M, Nwosu V, Dowd E, Fountain J, Giusti MM, Rodriguez-Saona LE. Nondestructive and Rapid Screening of Aflatoxin-Contaminated Single Peanut Kernels Using Field-Portable Spectroscopy Instruments (FT-IR and Raman). Foods 2024; 13:157. [PMID: 38201185 PMCID: PMC10779085 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A nondestructive and rapid classification approach was developed for identifying aflatoxin-contaminated single peanut kernels using field-portable vibrational spectroscopy instruments (FT-IR and Raman). Single peanut kernels were either spiked with an aflatoxin solution (30 ppb-400 ppb) or hexane (control), and their spectra were collected via Raman and FT-IR. An uHPLC-MS/MS approach was used to verify the spiking accuracy via determining actual aflatoxin content on the surface of randomly selected peanut samples. Supervised classification using soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA) showed better discrimination between aflatoxin-contaminated (30 ppb-400 ppb) and control peanuts with FT-IR compared with Raman, predicting the external validation samples with 100% accuracy. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of SIMCA models generated with the portable FT-IR device outperformed the methods in other destructive studies reported in the literature, using a variety of vibrational spectroscopy benchtop systems. The discriminating power analysis showed that the bands corresponded to the C=C stretching vibrations of the ring structures of aflatoxins were most significant in explaining the variance in the model, which were also reported for Aspergillus-infected brown rice samples. Field-deployable vibrational spectroscopy devices can enable in situ identification of aflatoxin-contaminated peanuts to assure regulatory compliance as well as cost savings in the production of peanut products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gonzalo Miyagusuku-Cruzado
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (M.M.G.); (L.E.R.-S.)
| | - Megan West
- Mars Wrigley, Inc., 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, USA (E.D.)
| | - Victor Nwosu
- Mars Wrigley, Inc., 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, USA (E.D.)
| | - Eric Dowd
- Mars Wrigley, Inc., 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, USA (E.D.)
| | - Jake Fountain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, 216 Redding Building, 1109 Experiment St., Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - M. Monica Giusti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (M.M.G.); (L.E.R.-S.)
| | - Luis E. Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (M.M.G.); (L.E.R.-S.)
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10
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Giordani S, Marassi V, Zattoni A, Roda B, Reschiglian P. Liposomes characterization for market approval as pharmaceutical products: Analytical methods, guidelines and standardized protocols. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115751. [PMID: 37778202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are nano-sized lipid-based vesicles widely studied for their drug delivery capabilities. Compared to standard carries they exhibit better properties such as improved site-targeting and drug release, protection of drugs from degradation and clearance, and lower toxic side effects. At present, scientific literature is rich of studies regarding liposomes-based systems, while 14 types of liposomal products have been authorized to the market by EMA and FDA and many others have been approved by national agencies. Although the interest in nanodevices and nanomedicine has steadily increased in the last two decades the development of documentation regulating and standardizing all the phases of their development and quality control still suffers from major inadequacy due to the intrinsic complexity of nano-systems characterization. Many generic documents (Type 1) discussing guidelines for the study of nano-systems (lipidic and not) have been proposed while there is a lack of robust and standardized methods (Type 2 documents). As a result, a widespread of different techniques, approaches and methodologies are being used, generating results of variable quality and hard to compare with each other. Additionally, such documents are often subject to updates and rewriting further complicating the topic. Within this context the aim of this work is focused on bridging the gap in liposome characterization: the most recent standardized methodologies suitable for liposomes characterization are here reported (with the corresponding Type 2 documents) and revised in a short and pragmatical way focused on providing the reader with a practical background of the state of the art. In particular, this paper will put the accent on the methodologies developed to evaluate the main critical quality attributes (CQAs) necessary for liposomes market approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Monge P, Astudillo AM, Pereira L, Balboa MA, Balsinde J. Dynamics of Docosahexaenoic Acid Utilization by Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1635. [PMID: 38002317 PMCID: PMC10669016 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in mouse resident peritoneal macrophages and its redistribution within the various phospholipid classes were investigated. Choline glycerophospholipids (PC) behaved as the major initial acceptors of DHA. Prolonged incubation with the fatty acid resulted in the transfer of DHA from PC to ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (PE), reflecting phospholipid remodeling. This process resulted in the cells containing similar amounts of DHA in PC and PE in the resting state. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analyses of phospholipid molecular species indicated a marked abundance of DHA in ether phospholipids. Stimulation of the macrophages with yeast-derived zymosan resulted in significant decreases in the levels of all DHA-containing PC and PI species; however, no PE or PS molecular species were found to decrease. In contrast, the levels of an unusual DHA-containing species, namely PI(20:4/22:6), which was barely present in resting cells, were found to markedly increase under zymosan stimulation. The levels of this phospholipid also significantly increased when the calcium-ionophore A23187 or platelet-activating factor were used instead of zymosan to stimulate the macrophages. The study of the route involved in the synthesis of PI(20:4/22:6) suggested that this species is produced through deacylation/reacylation reactions. These results define the increases in PI(20:4/22:6) as a novel lipid metabolic marker of mouse macrophage activation, and provide novel information to understand the regulation of phospholipid fatty acid turnover in activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Monge
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain (A.M.A.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma M. Astudillo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain (A.M.A.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pereira
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain (A.M.A.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Balboa
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain (A.M.A.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain (A.M.A.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Irifune R, Ishikawa T, Kitagawa S, Iiguni Y, Ohtani H. Analysis of polyisoprene oligomers via in situ silver nanoparticle formation on thin-layer chromatography plate using matrix-assisted laser-induced desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1823-1827. [PMID: 37668881 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct mass spectrometry (MS) detection of polyisoprene (PI) oligomers on a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate using matrix-assisted laser-induced desorption/ionization (MALDI) with silver trifluoroacetate as the cationization reagent was investigated. The spots of PI oligomers and silver trifluoroacetate on the TLC plate resulted in brown materials after UV laser irradiation. It was suggested that silver trifluoroacetate yielded Ag nanoparticles as brown materials after heating via laser irradiation. The nanoparticles behaved as an inorganic matrix and a source of Ag+ adduct in the analysis of PI oligomers. The use of organic matrices together with silver trifluoroacetate reduced the signal intensity of PI oligomers on MALDI-MS on a TLC plate. The separation of PI oligomers (polymerization degree, n = 5-11) by TLC resulted in a single elliptical spot without a clear separation after the chromatographic procedure. However, in MS imaging, differences in migration lengths based on degrees of polymerization were clearly observed and the degrees of polymerization were identified without comparison with standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Irifune
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takanao Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Kitagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Iiguni
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohtani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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13
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Hammoud M, Rodrigues AMS, Assiri I, Sabir E, Lafhal K, Najeh S, Jakani M, Imad N, Bourrahouat A, Ait Sab I, Elqadiry R, Nassih H, Outzourit A, Elamiri M, Maoulainine F, Slitine Elidrissi N, Bennaoui F, Bourous M, Mrhar S, Essaadouni L, Stien D, Rada N, Bouskraoui M, Houël E, Fdil N. Sphingolipidoses in Morocco: Chemical profiling for an affordable and rapid diagnosis strategy. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106751. [PMID: 37295489 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are a group of metabolic diseases in which lysosomal hydrolases dysfunction disrupt normal sphingolipids' metabolism, leading to excess accumulation in cellular compartments and excretion in urine. These pathologies represent a significant burden among Moroccan population, for which an easy access to enzymatic assays and genetic tests is not guaranteed. Parallel analytical methods thus have to be developed for preliminary screening. In this study, 107 patients were addressed to the metabolic platform of the Marrakesh Faculty of Medicine for diagnosis confirmation. Thin-Layer Chromatography was used as a first step to perform chemical profiling of the patients' urinary lipids, allowing 36% of the patients to be efficiently oriented towards the adequate enzymatic assay. UPLC-MS/MS analyses of urinary sulfatides excreted in urines patient had been used to control the reliability of TLC analysis and to obtain more accurate information related to the sulfatides isoforms. This analytical process combining TLC with UPLC-MS/MS has enabled rapid and appropriate patient management in a reduced time and with reduced resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hammoud
- Metabolic platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Team for Childhood, Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 7010, Marrakesh, Morocco; Moroccan Association for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Morocco
| | - A M S Rodrigues
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer 66650, France
| | - I Assiri
- Metabolic platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Team for Childhood, Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 7010, Marrakesh, Morocco; Moroccan Association for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Morocco
| | - Es Sabir
- Metabolic platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Team for Childhood, Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 7010, Marrakesh, Morocco; Moroccan Association for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Morocco
| | - K Lafhal
- Metabolic platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Team for Childhood, Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 7010, Marrakesh, Morocco; Moroccan Association for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Morocco
| | - S Najeh
- Metabolic platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Team for Childhood, Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 7010, Marrakesh, Morocco; Moroccan Association for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Morocco
| | - M Jakani
- Metabolic platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Team for Childhood, Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 7010, Marrakesh, Morocco; Moroccan Association for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Morocco
| | - N Imad
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - A Bourrahouat
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - I Ait Sab
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - R Elqadiry
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - H Nassih
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - A Outzourit
- Internal Medicine Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - M Elamiri
- Metabolic platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Team for Childhood, Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 7010, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - F Maoulainine
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - N Slitine Elidrissi
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - F Bennaoui
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - M Bourous
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - S Mrhar
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - L Essaadouni
- Internal Medicine Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - D Stien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer 66650, France
| | - N Rada
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - M Bouskraoui
- Paediatrics' Department, Mohammed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - E Houël
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer 66650, France.
| | - N Fdil
- Metabolic platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Team for Childhood, Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 7010, Marrakesh, Morocco; Moroccan Association for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Morocco.
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14
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Hussein OG, Rostom Y, Abdelkawy M, Rezk MR, Ahmed DA. Green TLC-Densitometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Antazoline and Tetryzoline: Application to Pharmaceutical Formulation and Rabbit Aqueous Humor. J Chromatogr Sci 2023:bmad042. [PMID: 37316161 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ophthalmic pharmaceutical preparation containing antazoline (ANT) and tetryzoline (TET) is prescribed widely as an over the counter medication for allergic conjunctivitis treatment. Development of a selective, simple and environmentally friendly thin-layer chromatographic method established to determine both ANT and TET in their pure forms, pharmaceutical formulation and spiked aqueous humor samples. By using silica gel plates and means of a developing system consists of ethyl acetate:ethanol (5:5, by volume), the studied drugs separation was achieved, and scanning was carried out at 220.0 nm for the separated bands with a 0.2-18.0 μg/band concentration range for each of ANT and TET. Standard addition technique application was carried out to determine the proposed method validity. Statistical comparison was made between the proposed method and the official methods ANT and TET showing no significant difference concerning accuracy and precision. Furthermore, greenness profile assessment was accomplished by means of four metric tools, namely, analytical greenness, green analytical procedure index, analytical eco-scale and national environmental method index. Highlights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola G Hussein
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, End of 90th St., Fifth Settlement, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Rostom
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelkawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh R Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Dina A Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, End of 90th St., Fifth Settlement, New Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Zhu F, Zhao B, Hu B, Zhang Y, Xue B, Wang H, Chen Q. Review of available "extraction + purification" methods of natural ceramides and their feasibility for sewage sludge analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:68022-68053. [PMID: 37147548 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural ceramide, a biologically active compound present in plants, has been used widely in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Abundant ceramide has been detected in sewage sludge, which has inspired the idea to recycle ceramide from it. Therefore, the methods of extracting, purifying, and detecting ceramides from plants were reviewed, with the aim to establish methods to get condensed ceramide from sludge. Ceramide extraction methods include traditional methods (maceration, reflux, and Soxhlet extraction) and green technologies (ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and supercritical fluid extraction). In the past two decades, more than 70% of the articles have used traditional methods. However, green extraction methods are gradually improved and showed high extraction efficiency with lower solvent consumed. The preferred technique for ceramide purification is chromatography. Common solvent systems include chloroform-methanol, n-hexane-ethyl acetate, petroleum ether-ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether-acetone. For structural determination of ceramide, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry are used in combination. Among quantitative analysis methods for ceramide, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was the most accurate. This review concludes that with our prilemenary experiment results it is feasible to apply the plant "extraction + purification" process of ceramide to sludge, but more optimization need to be performed to get better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Zhu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Boyuan Xue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
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16
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Characterization of Cow, Goat, and Water Buffalo Milk Fat Globule Lipids by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. DAIRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminant milk is an essential part of the human diet and is widely accepted as a major nutrient source in developing countries. However, the polar and neutral lipid content variation in milk fat globules (MFG)among cow, goat, and water buffalo is poorly understood. This study used high-performance thin layer chromatography to identify and quantify five major polar (PL) and three neutral lipids (NL) from the MFG of cow, goat, and water buffalo. Optimal separation was achieved for PLs using chloroform: methanol: water (65:25:4), and hexane: diethyl ether: acetic acid (70:30:1) for NLs. The lower detectable (0.12 to 1.53 μg/mL) and quantification (0.12 to 1.53 μg/mL) limits indicated the high sensitivity of the method. Quantification at 540 nm showed the highest abundance of phosphatidylethanolamine and triglycerides. Fat globules were further characterized for size and microstructural properties, which revealed smaller globules in goats (0.99 ± 0.04 μm) than cows (1.85 ± 0.03 μm) and water buffaloes (2.91 ± 0.08 μm), indicating a negative correlation with PL but a positive correlation with NL. The variation in lipid quantity among different animal species suggests more research to support their selection as a suitable source for developing functional food to impact human health positively.
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17
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Sicard R. High-Performance Chromatographic Separation of Cerebrosides. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2625:107-113. [PMID: 36653637 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2966-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a very robust, fast, and inexpensive technique that enables separation of complex mixtures. Here, we describe the analytical separation of glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide by HPTLC. This technique can be used for quantitation purposes but also with small modification for subsequent mass spectrum analysis for structural determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Sicard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. .,VIVEX Biologics, Inc., Miami, United States.
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18
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Leopold J, Engel KM, Prabutzki P, Schiller J. Combined Use of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and 31P NMR Spectroscopy for the Analysis of (Phospho)Lipids. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2625:183-200. [PMID: 36653644 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2966-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important and abundant constituents of all biological tissues and body fluids. In particular, phospholipids (PLs) constitute a major part of the cellular membrane and play a role in signal transduction, and some selected PLs are increasingly considered as potential disease markers. Unfortunately, methods of lipid analysis are less established in comparison to techniques of protein analysis. Mass spectrometry (MS) is an increasingly used technique to analyze lipids, especially in combination with electrospray ionization MS, which is the most commonly used ionization technique in lipidomics. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled to time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF MS) has itself proven to represent a useful tool in the field of lipid analysis. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, another powerful method for PL analysis, represents a direct quantitative method and does not suffer from suppression effects.This paper gives an overview of methodological aspects of MALDI-TOF MS and 31P NMR in lipid research and summarizes the specific advantages and drawbacks of both methods. In particular, suppression effects in MS will be highlighted, and possible ways to overcome this problem, e.g., the use of different matrices and separation of the relevant lipid mixture prior to analysis, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Leopold
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin M Engel
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patricia Prabutzki
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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The Lipidomics of Spermatozoa and Red Blood Cells Membrane Profile of Martina Franca Donkey: Preliminary Evaluation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010008. [PMID: 36611618 PMCID: PMC9817730 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-based lipidomic analysis has been widely used to evaluate health status in human medicine as well as in the veterinary field. In equine species, there has been a developing interest in fertility and sperm quality. Fatty acids, being the principal components of the membranes, play an active role in the regulation of the metabolic activities, and their role on spermiogenesis seems to be of great importance for the resulting quality of the sperm and, thus, fertility. With the application of widely used lipidomic techniques, the aim of this study was to evaluate: (a) the fatty acid content of the spermatozoa's membranes of 26 healthy male Martina Franca donkeys and its possible correlation with sperm parameters, and (b) the evaluation of the composition of the red blood cells' membrane. PUFA omega-6 are the principal components (40.38%) of the total PUFA content (47.79%) in both types of cells; however, DPA is the predominant one on the spermatozoa's membrane (27.57%) but is not present in the erythrocyte's membrane. Spermatozoa's motility (%) is positively correlated with stearic acid and EPA, and progressive motility (%), with oleic acid. These findings offer information on the composition of both types of cells' membranes in healthy male MF donkeys and reflect the metabolic transformations of the spermatozoa's membrane during the maturation period, providing a better perception of the role of fatty acids in sperm parameters and fertility.
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Liu T, Tian Y, Zheng A, Cui C. Design Strategies for and Stability of mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle COVID-19 Vaccines. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4195. [PMID: 36236141 PMCID: PMC9572882 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have shown great preventive potential in response to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The lipid nanoparticle (LNP), as a non-viral vector with good safety and potency factors, is applied to mRNA delivery in the clinic. Among the recently FDA-approved SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, lipid-based nanoparticles have been shown to be well-suited to antigen presentation and enhanced immune stimulation to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses. However, a design strategy for optimal mRNA-LNP vaccines has not been fully elaborated. In this review, we comprehensively and systematically discuss the research strategies for mRNA-LNP vaccines against COVID-19, including antigen and lipid carrier selection, vaccine preparation, quality control, and stability. Meanwhile, we also discuss the potential development directions for mRNA-LNP vaccines in the future. We also conduct an in-depth review of those technologies and scientific insights in regard to the mRNA-LNP field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chunying Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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21
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Smith H, Doyle S, Murphy R. Target directed identification of natural bioactive compounds from filamentous fungi. Food Chem 2022; 405:134743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Liu H, Liu H, Li J, Wang Y. Review of Recent Modern Analytical Technology Combined with Chemometrics Approach Researches on Mushroom Discrimination and Evaluation. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-24. [PMID: 36154534 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2124839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom is a macrofungus with precious fruiting body, as a food, a tonic, and a medicine, human have discovered and used mushrooms for thousands of years. Nowadays, mushroom is also a "super food" recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and favored by consumers. Discrimination of mushroom including species, geographic origin, storage time, etc., is an important prerequisite to ensure their edible safety and commodity quality. Moreover, the effective evaluation of its chemical composition can help us better understand the nutritional properties of mushrooms. Modern analytical technologies such as chromatography, spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, etc., are widely used in the discrimination and evaluation researches of mushrooms, and chemometrics is an effective means of scientifically processing the multidimensional information hidden in these analytical technologies. This review will outline the latest applications of modern analytical technology combined with chemometrics in qualitative and quantitative analysis and quality control of mushrooms in recent years. Briefly describe the basic principles of these technologies, and the analytical processes of common chemometrics in mushroom researches will be summarized. Finally, the limitations and application prospects of chromatography, spectroscopy and mass spectrometry technology are discussed in mushroom quality control and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Honggao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China
| | - Jieqing Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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23
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Fukunaga Y, Okada T. Freeze Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Coupled with Thin-Layer Chromatography: Pesticide Detection and Quantification Case. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13507-13515. [PMID: 36136892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is widely used in various branches of chemical science to separate components in complex mixtures because of its simplicity. In most cases, analyte spots are visually detected by fluorescence, and the retention factor (Rf) is determined from the distance traveled by the analyte. Further characterizations are often necessary to identify separated chemicals because molecular information other than Rf is not available. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been coupled with TLC to complement molecular information. In previously reported TLC-SERS, metal nanoparticle suspension was dropped onto analyte spots to obtain SERS spectra. This approach is simple and efficient for SERS measurements on the TLC plate but has limited sensitivity for several reasons, such as the low solubility of analytes in the dropped solution, difficult control of nanoparticle aggregation, and interference from the stationary phase. We recently showed that freezing enhances SERS sensitivity by a factor of ∼103. Freezing simultaneously concentrates analytes and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a freeze concentrated solution, where aggregation of AgNPs is facilitated, allowing sensitive freeze SERS (FSERS) measurements. Here, we discuss FSERS measurements on TLC plates to demonstrate the superiority of this combination, i.e. TLC-FSERS. Freezing enhances SERS sensitivity by freeze concentration and facilitated aggregation of AgNPs and, in addition, eliminates interference from the stationary phase. Under the optimized condition, TLC-FSERS enables the on-site detection of pesticides at the nM level. The use of the SERS signal from adenine added as the internal standard allows us to quantify pesticides. Applications to a commercial green tea beverage are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fukunaga
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.,National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Numazu College, 3600 Ooka, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-8501, Japan
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24
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Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers: From Biogenesis and Function to Purification and Potential Translational Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143350. [PMID: 35884411 PMCID: PMC9318395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of cancer have tremendously improved over the past two decades, the indolent nature of its symptoms has made early detection challenging. Thus, inter-disciplinary (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic) research efforts have been focused on the non-invasive identification of unique "silver bullet" cancer biomarkers for the design of ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic assays. Circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CTCs and ctDNAs, which are released by tumors in the circulation, have already demonstrated their clinical utility for the non-invasive detection of certain solid tumors. Considering that exosomes are actively produced by all cells, including tumor cells, and can be found in the circulation, they have been extensively assessed for their potential as a source of circulating cell-specific biomarkers. Exosomes are particularly appealing because they represent a stable and encapsulated reservoir of active biological compounds that may be useful for the non-invasive detection of cancer. T biogenesis of these extracellular vesicles is profoundly altered during carcinogenesis, but because they harbor unique or uniquely combined surface proteins, cancer biomarker studies have been focused on their purification from biofluids, for the analysis of their RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid cargoes. In this review, we evaluate the biogenesis of normal and cancer exosomes, provide extensive information on the state of the art, the current purification methods, and the technologies employed for genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic evaluation of their cargoes. Our thorough examination of the literature highlights the current limitations and promising future of exosomes as a liquid biopsy for the identification of circulating tumor biomarkers.
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25
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Mostafa S, Nader N, Machaca K. Lipid Signaling During Gamete Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:814876. [PMID: 36204680 PMCID: PMC9531329 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.814876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lipids are differentially distributed in distinct organelles and within the leaflets of the bilayer. They can further form laterally defined sub-domains within membranes with important signaling functions. This molecular and spatial complexity offers optimal platforms for signaling with the associated challenge of dissecting these pathways especially that lipid metabolism tends to be highly interconnected. Lipid signaling has historically been implicated in gamete function, however the detailed signaling pathways involved remain obscure. In this review we focus on oocyte and sperm maturation in an effort to consolidate current knowledge of the role of lipid signaling and set the stage for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Mostafa
- Medical Program, WCMQ, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nancy Nader
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar (WCMQ), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar (WCMQ), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Khaled Machaca,
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26
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Extraction Optimization, UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Ceramides from Sea Red Rice Bran. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101399. [PMID: 35626968 PMCID: PMC9140675 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new type of salt-tolerant rice, sea red rice contains more minerals, proteins, and lipid compounds, and, in particular, its by-product rice bran may be used to replace other commercial rice brans as the main source of ceramides (Cers). However, the extraction rate of Cers is generally low, and it is crucial to seek an efficient extraction method. This study optimized the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Cers from sea red rice bran using response surface methodology (RSM) and obtained a Cers yield of 12.54% under optimal conditions involving an extraction temperature of 46 °C, an extraction time of 46 min, and a material–to-liquid ratio of 5 g/mL. The Cers content in sea red rice bran was preliminarily analyzed using thin-layer chromatography, and the Cers content was determined via UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS after purification and separation using silica column chromatography. Forty-six different types of Cers were identified in sea red rice bran, of which Cer 18:0/24:0 (2OH), Cer 18:0/26:0, Cer 18:0/26:0 (2OH), and Cer 18:0/24:0 accounted for 23.66%, 17.54%, 14.91%, and 11.96%. Most of the Cers structures were mainly composed of sphingadienine. A biological activity assay indicated that Cers extracted from sea red rice bran had significant antioxidant and anti-aging properties. These findings indicate that the extracted Cers show great potential for applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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27
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Mihajlovic M, Vinken M. Mitochondria as the Target of Hepatotoxicity and Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Molecular Mechanisms and Detection Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063315. [PMID: 35328737 PMCID: PMC8951158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury includes mitochondrial perturbation and dysfunction. This is not a surprise, given that mitochondria are essential organelles in most cells, which are responsible for energy homeostasis and the regulation of cellular metabolism. Drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction can be influenced by various factors and conditions, such as genetic predisposition, the presence of metabolic disorders and obesity, viral infections, as well as drugs. Despite the fact that many methods have been developed for studying mitochondrial function, there is still a need for advanced and integrative models and approaches more closely resembling liver physiology, which would take into account predisposing factors. This could reduce the costs of drug development by the early prediction of potential mitochondrial toxicity during pre-clinical tests and, especially, prevent serious complications observed in clinical settings.
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28
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Pasupuleti RR, Tsai PC, Ponnusamy VK, Chen NC. Green sample pre-treatment technique coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for the rapid biomonitoring of dietary poly-unsaturated (omega) fatty acids to predict health risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132685. [PMID: 34743796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption indicates beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and physiological processes in humans. However, the inappropriate ratio of omega-(ω)-PUFA levels in human blood is considered as raising the risk of CVD. Therefore, monitoring dietary ω-FAs in human serum is vital for early diagnosis for individuals to predict CVD risk. This work reports a fast green sample pre-treatment protocol for sensitive and simultaneous monitoring of ω-3-FAs and ω-6-FAs in serum by novel in-syringe-based ultrasonication-assisted alkaline hydrolysis coupled with vortex-induced liquid-liquid microextraction (IS-USAH-VI-LLME) technique connected with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Factors affecting extraction recoveries of ten ω-PUFAs by the presented method were well-studied. ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs demonstrated excellent linearities between the concentrations between 0.1-10,000 ng mL-1 with good regression coefficients between 0.9910-0.9997. The detection and quantification limits were between 0.05-0.35 and 0.16-1.07 ng mL-1, demonstrating that the presented method is highly sensitive and versatile. The precision of the technique was <8.2% that deemed acceptable in clinical analysis. Further, the proposed method was applied for ω-PUFAs analysis in human blood samples, and spiked recoveries showed between 80.32-119.34% with <9.82% precision. Results proved that the developed method is green, sensitive, and reliable to simultaneously determine ten ω-PUFAs in human blood samples for clinical diagnosis applications for predicting health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan; Program of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City, 811, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Ching Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.
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29
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Lisuzzo A, Bonelli F, Sgorbini M, Nocera I, Cento G, Mazzotta E, Turini L, Martini M, Salari F, Morgante M, Badon T, Fiore E. Differences of the Plasma Total Lipid Fraction from Pre-Foaling to Post-Foaling Period in Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030304. [PMID: 35158628 PMCID: PMC8833319 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An association between increased metabolic demands and reduced dry matter intake is observed from late gestation to early lactation in donkeys. Furthermore, little is known about the nutritional and energy requirements of this period in animals. Changes in energy metabolism make donkeys more susceptible to metabolic diseases such as hyperlipemia, which is characterized by the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. A better knowledge of this period could improve animal husbandry, well-being, and health. The aim of this study was to analyze the plasma total lipid fraction, to highlight metabolic changes from the pre-foaling to post-foaling periods, using the gas chromatography technique. Our findings reveal a greater risk of metabolic disease in late gestation to early lactation in donkeys. Abstract The period from late gestation to early lactation is characterized by changes in energy metabolism. The aim of the current study was to analyze the plasma total lipid fraction using gas chromatography (GC) analysis, in order to highlight metabolic changes from the pre-foaling to post-foaling periods. Eleven pluriparous dairy jennies (mean age of 11.88 ± 3.79 years) belonging to the Amiata donkey breed were enrolled. Blood sampling was performed at 15 days before foaling (T0), and 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 60 (T3), and 90 (T4) days after foaling, for biochemical and GC analysis. A total of 37 fatty acids were identified in plasma samples: 4 medium chain (MCFA), 24 long chain (LCFA), and 9 very-long chain (VLCFA) fatty acids. Among them, 20 fatty acids changed significantly, and two fatty acid showed a trend toward significance. Furthermore, the LCFA, saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids changed significantly during the study period. The main alterations were between T0 and the other time points and appeared to be related to lipid metabolism, cellular structure and function, and inflammatory and immune responses. Our findings reveal greater energy requirements at the end of gestation compared to early lactation in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lisuzzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Francesca Bonelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Irene Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Giulia Cento
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Elisa Mazzotta
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Luca Turini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Salari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimo Morgante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Tamara Badon
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Analytical Evaluation of Carbamate and Organophosphate Pesticides in Human and Environmental Matrices: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030618. [PMID: 35163876 PMCID: PMC8840499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are synthetic compounds that may become environmental contaminants through their use and application. The high productivity achieved in the agricultural industry can be credited to the use and application of pesticides by way of pest and insect control. As much as pesticides have a positive impact on the agricultural industry, some disadvantages come with their application in the environment because they are intentionally toxic, and this is more towards non-target organisms. They are grouped into chlorophenols, organochlorines, synthetic pyrethroid, carbamates, and organophosphorus based on their structure. The symptoms of exposure to carbamate (CM) and organophosphates (OP) are similar, although poisoning from CM is of a shorter duration. The analytical evaluation of carbamate and organophosphate pesticides in human and environmental matrices are reviewed using suitable extraction and analytical methods.
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31
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Engel KM, Prabutzki P, Leopold J, Nimptsch A, Lemmnitzer K, Vos DRN, Hopf C, Schiller J. A new update of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in lipid research. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101145. [PMID: 34995672 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an indispensable tool in modern lipid research since it is fast, sensitive, tolerates sample impurities and provides spectra without major analyte fragmentation. We will discuss some methodological aspects, the related ion-forming processes and the MALDI MS characteristics of the different lipid classes (with the focus on glycerophospholipids) and the progress, which was achieved during the last ten years. Particular attention will be given to quantitative aspects of MALDI MS since this is widely considered as the most serious drawback of the method. Although the detailed role of the matrix is not yet completely understood, it will be explicitly shown that the careful choice of the matrix is crucial (besides the careful evaluation of the positive and negative ion mass spectra) in order to be able to detect all lipid classes of interest. Two developments will be highlighted: spatially resolved Imaging MS is nowadays well established and the distribution of lipids in tissues merits increasing interest because lipids are readily detectable and represent ubiquitous compounds. It will also be shown that a combination of MALDI MS with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) enables a fast spatially resolved screening of an entire TLC plate which makes the method competitive with LC/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Engel
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107, Germany
| | - Patricia Prabutzki
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107, Germany
| | - Jenny Leopold
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107, Germany
| | - Ariane Nimptsch
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107, Germany
| | - Katharina Lemmnitzer
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107, Germany
| | - D R Naomi Vos
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Strasse 10, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Strasse 10, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107, Germany.
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Liu Y, Yang X, Xiao F, Jie F, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Xiao H, Lu B. Dietary cholesterol oxidation products: Perspectives linking food processing and storage with health implications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:738-779. [PMID: 34953101 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are heterogeneous compounds formed during the processing and storage of cholesterol-rich foods, such as seafood, meat, eggs, and dairy products. With the increased intake of COPs-rich foods, the concern about health implications of dietary COPs is rising. Dietary COPs may exert deleterious effects on human health to induce several inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, knowledge regarding the effects of processing and storage conditions leading to formation of COPs is needed to reduce the levels of COPs in foods. Efficient methodologies to determine COPs in foods are also essential. More importantly, the biological roles of dietary COPs in human health and effects of phytochemicals on dietary COPs-induced diseases need to be established. This review summarizes the recent information on dietary COPs including their formation in foods during their processing and storage, analytical methods of determination of COPs, metabolic fate, implications for human health, and beneficial interventions by phytochemicals. The formation of COPs is largely dependent on the heating temperature, storage time, and food matrices. Alteration of food processing and storage conditions is one of the potent strategies to restrict hazardous dietary COPs from forming, including maintaining relatively low temperatures, shorter processing or storage time, and the appropriate addition of antioxidants. Once absorbed into the circulation, dietary COPs can contribute to the progression of several inflammatory diseases, where the absorbed dietary COPs may induce inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in cells in the target organs or tissues. Improved intake of phytochemicals may be an effective strategy to reduce the hazardous effects of dietary COPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fan Jie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinjun Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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Sochorová M, Vávrová K, Fedorova M, Ni Z, Slenter D, Kutmon M, Willighagen EL, Letsiou S, Töröcsik D, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Zoratto S, Kremslehner C, Gruber F. Research Techniques Made Simple: Lipidomic Analysis in Skin Research. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:4-11.e1. [PMID: 34924150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although lipids are crucial molecules for cell structure, metabolism, and signaling in most organs, they have additional specific functions in the skin. Lipids are required for the maintenance and regulation of the epidermal barrier, physical properties of the skin, and defense against microbes. Analysis of the lipidome-the totality of lipids-is of similar complexity to those of proteomics or other omics, with lipid structures ranging from simple, linear, to highly complex structures. In addition, the ordering and chemical modifications of lipids have consequences on their biological function, especially in the skin. Recent advances in analytic capability (usually with mass spectrometry), bioinformatic processing, and integration with other dermatological big data have allowed researchers to increasingly understand the roles of specific lipid species in skin biology. In this paper, we review the techniques used to analyze skin lipidomics and epilipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sochorová
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhixu Ni
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denise Slenter
- Department of Bioinformatics (BiGCaT), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics (BiGCaT), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Egon L Willighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics (BiGCaT), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sophia Letsiou
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Töröcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster of Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuele Zoratto
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster of Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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34
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Wagner M, Oellig C. Screening for mineral oil hydrocarbons in vegetable oils by silver ion-planar solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462732. [PMID: 34910963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of mineral oil hydrocarbons in vegetable oils is challenging especially regarding the analysis of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) since native terpenes like squalene or β-carotene are usually extracted along with the MOAH fraction and interfere their detection. When applying a recently developed screening method for the analysis of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and MOAH in paper and cardboard by planar solid phase extraction (pSPE) to vegetable oils, native terpenes expectably interfered with MOAH analysis. Thus, an adaption of pSPE employing silver ions, named silver ion-planar solid phase extraction (Ag-pSPE), was developed in this study. Impregnation of thin-layers with silver nitrate (AgNO3) was found to be very successful in retaining squalene and β-carotene. MOAH analysis of vegetable oils after saponification showed good repeatability (relative standard deviation (%RSD) <10%) and recoveries of 73.4-112.4% at a spiking level of 4.5 mg/kg (n = 4). For MOSH analysis, a simple solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up with aluminum oxide removed native n-alkanes prior to Ag-pSPE. Recoveries for MOSH were 55.3-84.5% with %RSD <11% at a spiking level of 45.5 mg/kg (n = 4). Limits of decision and quantitation were at 7.2 and 22.2 ng/zone for MOSH and 1.1 and 3.4 ng/zone for MOAH, respectively, which corresponded to the recently introduced pSPE method, thus showing that analytes were not affected by the impregnation of HPTLC plates with AgNO3. The method comparison with LC-GC showed similar results for MOSH, while the amounts for MOAH determined by Ag-pSPE were higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wagner
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (170a), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Claudia Oellig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (170a), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
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35
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Laydevant F, Mahabadi M, Llido P, Bourgouin JP, Caron L, Arnold AA, Marcotte I, Warschawski DE. Growth-phase dependence of bacterial membrane lipid profile and labeling for in-cell solid-state NMR applications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1864:183819. [PMID: 34800428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell labeling is a preliminary step in multiple biophysical approaches, including the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of bacteria in vivo. Deuterium solid-state NMR has been used in the past years to probe bacterial membranes and their interactions with antimicrobial peptides, following a standard labeling protocol. Recent results from our laboratory on a slow-growing bacterium has shown the need to optimize this protocol, especially the bacterial growth time before harvest and the concentration of exogenous labeled fatty acids to be used for both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. It is also essential for the protocol to remain harmless to cells while providing optimal labeling. We have therefore developed a fast and facile approach to monitor the lipid composition of bacterial membranes under various growth conditions, combining solution 31P NMR and GCMS. Using this approach, the optimized labeling conditions of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis with deuterated palmitic acid were determined. Our results show a modification of B. subtilis phospholipid profile as a function of the growth stage, as opposed to E. coli. Our protocol recommends low concentrations of exogenous palmitic acid in the growth medium, and bacteria harvest after the exponential phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Laydevant
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Mahsa Mahabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Pierre Llido
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bourgouin
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Laurence Caron
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Alexandre A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Dror E Warschawski
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada; Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, CNRS UMR 7203, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
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36
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Engel KM, Schiller J. The value of coupling thin-layer chromatography to mass spectrometry in lipid research - a review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1185:123001. [PMID: 34715571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has emerged as an extremely powerful analytical tool, which is widely used in many fields. This broad application range became possible with the invention of MALDI and ESI as "soft ionization" techniques that keep fragmentation of the analyte to a minimum. However, when these techniques are applied to mixture analysis, less-sensitively detectable compounds may be suppressed by more sensitively detectable compounds, a process called "ion suppression". Thus, previous separation of the mixture into the individual lipid classes is necessary to be able to detect all compounds. This review summarizes the current knowledge in the field of combined TLC/MS and discusses the most important strengths and weaknesses of the different MS (particularly ionization) techniques with respect to phospholipids. This comprises techniques such as MALDI and ESI, but less established approaches such as plasma desorption will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Engel
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Germany
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37
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The Fatty Acid-Based Erythrocyte Membrane Lipidome in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092604. [PMID: 34573570 PMCID: PMC8469057 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine chronic enteropathies (CEs) are inflammatory processes resulting from complex interplay between the mucosal immune system, intestinal microbiome, and dietary components in susceptible dogs. Fatty acids (FAs) play important roles in the regulation of physiologic and metabolic pathways and their role in inflammation seems to be dual, as they exhibit pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Analysis of red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid profile represents a tool for assessing the quantity and quality of structural and functional molecular components. This study was aimed at comparing the FA membrane profile, determined by Gas Chromatography and relevant lipid parameter of 48 CE dogs compared with 68 healthy dogs. In CE patients, the levels of stearic (p < 0.0001), dihomo-gamma-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic (p = 0.02), and docosahexaenoic (p = 0.02) acids were significantly higher, and those of palmitic (p < 0.0001) and linoleic (p = 0.0006) acids were significantly lower. Non-responder dogs presented higher percentages of vaccenic acid (p = 0.007), compared to those of dogs that responded to diagnostic trials. These results suggest that lipidomic status may reflect the "gut health", and the non-invasive analysis of RBC membrane might have the potential to become a candidate biomarker in the evaluation of dogs affected by CE.
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Medina Ferrer F, Bailey JV. Planar chromatography and immunodetection of hydrocarbons on polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3654-3664. [PMID: 34324250 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fast, cheap, and simple separation of lipids and hydrocarbons can currently be achieved using thin-layer chromatography. Here, we describe an alternative planar chromatographic method using polyvinylidene difluoride membranes as the stationary phase. The procedure has the same advantages of thin-layer chromatography over other expensive and time-consuming techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography. Polyvinylidene difluoride membranes, however, also provide an immediate support for analyte development via immunodetection, are easy to manipulate, and potentially increase the performance of other detection methods. We show that polyvinylidene difluoride membranes are compatible with a variety of solvents that can migrate by capillarity and redistribute analytes between the membrane and the solvent according to their relative affinities, providing a chromatographic separation. We directly test the developed membranes by immunoblotting using anti-squalene antibodies that cross-react with acyclic isoprenoids. Separations of crude oils and plant extracts under different solvent conditions show the potential to resolve hydrocarbon group types and also to provide characteristic fingerprints of plant pigments and squalene degradation products. Polyvinylidene difluoride membranes prove useful as a stationary phase for planar chromatography and for the subsequent immunodetection of the separated compounds, providing a new and simple chromatographic technique to analyze lipids and hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Medina Ferrer
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jake V Bailey
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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39
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Lísa M, Řehulková H, Hančová E, Řehulka P. Lipidomic analysis using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography microgradient fractionation of total lipid extracts. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462380. [PMID: 34348208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipidomic samples are complex mixtures of structurally different species of a wide range of concentrations providing challenges in their characterization. In this work, we present a proof of concept for the application of a simple microgradient liquid chromatography device on the detailed analysis of lipid classes. Our lipidomic analysis is based on a lipid class microgradient fractionation of a total lipid extract using an in-house-prepared hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography microcolumn followed by RP-LC/MS of the collected lipid class fractions. The final fractionation method uses a 40-mm-long microcolumn of 500 μm ID with silica stationary phase obtained from a commercially available chromatographic column and the microgradient of the mobile phase prepared in a microsyringe using methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) - methanol - water - ammonium acetate mixtures of various elution strengths. MTBE total lipid extract is directly separated by microgradient elution into lipid classes according to their polarity, which enables the collection of isolated fractions of most lipid classes. The method has been applied to the fractionation of porcine brain extract into nonpolar lipids, hexosylceramides, phosphoethanolamines, phosphocholines, sphingomyelins, and lysophosphocholines classes. Achieved repeatability, recovery, and advanced lipid coverage prove the applicability of the microgradient fractionation of total lipid extract for the comprehensive lipidomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Lísa
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Řehulková
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Hančová
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řehulka
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Trebešská 1575, 50001 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Reza AHMM, Zhou Y, Qin J, Tang Y. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens for lipid droplet imaging. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 184:101-144. [PMID: 34749970 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles involved in energy homeostasis and versatile intracellular processes in different cell types. Their importance is ubiquitous, ranges from utilization as the biofunctional components to third-generation biofuel production from microalgae, while morphology and functional perturbations could also relate to the multiple diseases in higher mammals. Biosynthesis of lipids can be triggered by multiple factors related to organismal physiology and the surrounding environment. An early prediction of this might help take necessary actions toward desired outcomes. In vivo visualization of LDs can give molecular insight into regulatory mechanisms and the underlying connections with other cellular structures. Traditional bioprobes for LDs detection often suffer from different dye-specific limitations such as aggregation-caused quenching and self-decomposition phenomena that hinder the research advancement. The emergence of lipid-specific nanoprobes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attributes in recent years is promising in remunerative characteristics with defined bioimaging properties. By utilizing the easy synthetic techniques and exploiting the unique physical features of these molecules, highly selective, stable, biocompatible and facile fluorescent probes could be fabricated for lipid detection. This chapter will provide up-to-date insight into the recent advances in lipid-specific AIE-based probes to enhance the opportunities for basic research related to the distinct roles of LDs in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Mohsinul Reza
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yabin Zhou
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jianguang Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Youhong Tang
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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41
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Li D, Zhang ZT, He CW, Xie Z. Yeast Lipid Extraction and Analysis by HPTLC. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4081. [PMID: 34327278 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of lipid structures, properties, and combinations in biological tissues makes their extraction and analysis an experimental challenge. Accordingly, even for one of the simplest single-cellular fungi, the budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), numerous extraction and analysis protocols have been developed to separate and quantitate the different molecular lipid species. Among them, most are quite sophisticated and tricky to follow. Herein, we describe a yeast total lipids extraction procedure with a relatively good yield, which is appropriate for subsequent thin-layer chromatography (TLC) or liquid chromatography-mass (LC-MS) analysis. We then discuss the most widely used solvent systems to separate yeast phospholipids and neutral lipids by TLC. Finally, we describe an easy and rapid method for silica gel staining by a Coomassie Brilliant Blue-methanol mixture. The stained lipid species can then be quantitated using imaging software such as ImageJ. Overall, the methods described in this protocol are time-saving and novice-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Foods & Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Tan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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42
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Silva AFS, Gonçalves IC, Rocha FR. Smartphone-based digital images as a novel approach to determine formaldehyde as a milk adulterant. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Diao X, Guan H, Kong B, Liu D, Zhang Y. In vitro digestion of emulsified lard-based diacylglycerols. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3386-3393. [PMID: 33222225 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diacylglycerols as a fat substitute in meat products is a growing area of interest. This study was conducted to analyze the digestion rate, digestion extent, and changes in interfacial properties of lard, glycerolized lard (GL), and purified GL (PGL) in an emulsions system by pH-stat in vitro digestion. RESULTS PGL had significantly higher hydrolysis rate and final digestion extent than lard (P ≤ 0.05) during in vitro digestion. The analysis on diameter variations of lard, GL, and PGL during digestion indicated that the surface- and volume-weighted mean particle diameters of all samples had the same variation trend, but variation degree was different. Concurrently, the ζ-potential analysis of the lard, GL, and PGL during the digestion process showed that the absolute values of the ζ-potentials of the three types of lipids increased at first and subsequently decreased. The microstructure changes results for lard, GL, and PGL showed there was no obvious flocculation, and the particle size of lard throughout the digestion process was larger than that of GL and PGL. CONCLUSION This study showed that lard-based diacylglycerols had high digestibility characteristics and could be applied as a functional lipid in meat products to improve human health. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Diao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Jinzhou, China
| | - Haining Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Jinzhou, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dengyong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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44
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Tabernilla A, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Pieters A, Caufriez A, Leroy K, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Gomes AR, Arnesdotter E, Gijbels E, Vinken M. In Vitro Liver Toxicity Testing of Chemicals: A Pragmatic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5038. [PMID: 34068678 PMCID: PMC8126138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is among the most frequently targeted organs by noxious chemicals of diverse nature. Liver toxicity testing using laboratory animals not only raises serious ethical questions, but is also rather poorly predictive of human safety towards chemicals. Increasing attention is, therefore, being paid to the development of non-animal and human-based testing schemes, which rely to a great extent on in vitro methodology. The present paper proposes a rationalized tiered in vitro testing strategy to detect liver toxicity triggered by chemicals, in which the first tier is focused on assessing general cytotoxicity, while the second tier is aimed at identifying liver-specific toxicity as such. A state-of-the-art overview is provided of the most commonly used in vitro assays that can be used in both tiers. Advantages and disadvantages of each assay as well as overall practical considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.T.); (B.d.S.R.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.R.G.); (E.A.); (E.G.)
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45
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Yamamoto S, Kato S, Senoo N, Miyoshi N, Morita A, Miura S. Differences in phosphatidylcholine profiles and identification of characteristic phosphatidylcholine molecules in meat animal species and meat cut locations. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1205-1214. [PMID: 33686423 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an essential component of the plasma membrane. Its profile varies with species and tissues. However, the PC profiles in meat have not been explored in depth. This study aimed to investigate the differences in PC profiles between various meat animal species and meat cut sites, along with the identification of characteristic PC molecules. The results demonstrated that the PC profiles of chicken meat differed from those of other species. Significant differences were also observed between the PC profiles of pork meat and the meat obtained from other species. The amount of PCs containing ether bonds was high in pork meat. PCs containing an odd number of carbon atoms were characteristic of beef and lamb meats. Furthermore, PC profiles differed based on the muscle location in chicken and pork. These results suggest that the PC profiles of skeletal muscles are indicators of animal species and muscle location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.,Research and Development Department, Prima Meat Packers, Ltd., Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- Research and Development Department, Prima Meat Packers, Ltd., Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Morita
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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46
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Li X, Nakayama K, Goto T, Akamatsu S, Kobayashi T, Shimizu K, Ogawa O, Inoue T. A narrative review of urinary phospholipids: from biochemical aspect towards clinical application. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1829-1849. [PMID: 33968673 PMCID: PMC8100843 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a newly emerged discipline, lipidomic studies have focused on the comprehensive characterization and quantification of lipids in a given biological system, which has remarkably advanced in recent years owing to the rapid development of analytical techniques, especially mass spectrometry. Among diverse lipid classes, phospholipids, which have fundamental roles in the formation of cellular membranes, signaling processes, and bioenergetics have gained momentum in several fields of research. The altered composition, concentration, spatial distribution, and metabolism of phospholipids in cells, tissues, and body fluids have been elucidated in various human diseases such as cancer, inflammation, as well as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Among the different kinds of phospholipid sources in the human body, urine has not been extensively investigated in recent years owing to the extremely low concentrations of phospholipids and high levels of salts and other contaminants, which can interfere with precise detection. However, with profound advances and rapid expansion in analytical methods, urinary phospholipids have attracted increasing attention in current biomedical research as urine is an easily available source for the discovery of noninvasive biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of urinary phospholipids, including their biochemical aspects and clinical applications, aimed at promoting this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakayama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Shimizu
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Equipment Development, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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47
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Frolova GM, Kotlova ER, Sokornova SV, Senik SV, Shavarda AL, Misharev AD, Berestetskiy AO. Pathogenicity and Lipid Composition of Mycelium of the Fungus Stagonospora cirsii VIZR 1.41 during Submerged Cultivation. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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48
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Rogers S, Henne WM. Analysis of Neutral Lipid Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Metabolic Labeling and Thin Layer Chromatography. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33616103 DOI: 10.3791/62201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutral lipids (NLs) are a class of hydrophobic, chargeless biomolecules that play key roles in energy and lipid homeostasis. NLs are synthesized de novo from acetyl-CoA and are primarily present in eukaryotes in the form of triglycerides (TGs) and sterol-esters (SEs). The enzymes responsible for the synthesis of NLs are highly conserved from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) to humans, making yeast a useful model organism to dissect the function and regulation of NL metabolism enzymes. While much is known about how acetyl-CoA is converted into a diverse set of NL species, mechanisms for regulating NL metabolism enzymes, and how mis-regulation can contribute to cellular pathologies, are still being discovered. Numerous methods for the isolation and characterization of NL species have been developed and used over decades of research; however, a quantitative and simple protocol for the comprehensive characterization of major NL species has not been discussed. Here, a simple and adaptable method to quantify the de novo synthesis of major NL species in yeast is presented. We apply 14C-acetic acid metabolic labeling coupled with thin layer chromatography to separate and quantify a diverse range of physiologically important NLs. Additionally, this method can be easily applied to study in vivo reaction rates of NL enzymes or degradation of NL species over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - W Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center;
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49
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Cebolla VL, Jarne C, Vela J, Garriga R, Membrado L, Galbán J. Scanning densitometry and mass spectrometry for HPTLC analysis of lipids: The last 10 years. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1866600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Jarne
- Instituto de Carboquímica, ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Vela
- Departamento de Química Analítica, EINA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa Garriga
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Membrado
- Instituto de Carboquímica, ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Galbán
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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50
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Detzner J, Pohlentz G, Müthing J. Thin-Layer Chromatography in Structure and Recognition Studies of Shiga Toxin Glycosphingolipid Receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2291:229-252. [PMID: 33704756 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1339-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) consist of a ceramide (Cer) lipid anchor, which is typically composed of the long-chain aminoalcohol sphingosine (d18:1) and a fatty acid (mostly C16-C24) and a sugar moiety harboring to a great extent one to five monosaccharides. GSLs of the globo-series are well-recognized receptors of Shiga toxins (Stxs) released by Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Receptors for the Stx subtypes Stx1a and Stx2a are globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer), whereby Gb3Cer represents their high-affinity and Gb4Cer their low-affinity receptor. In addition to Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer, Gb5Cer and Forssman GSL are further receptors of the Stx2e subtype rendering Stx2e unique among the various Stx subtypes. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a convenient and ubiquitously employed method for analyzing GSL mixtures of unknown composition. In particular, TLC immunochemical overlay detection allows for sensitive identification of Stx-binding GSLs in complex mixtures directly on the TLC plate. For this purpose, specific anti-GSL antibodies or Stxs themselves in conjunction with anti-Stx antibodies can be used. The described protocols of antibody-mediated detection of TLC-separated globo-series GSLs and corresponding identification of Stx-binding globo-series GSLs will provide detailed advice for successful GSL analysis and particularly highlight the power of the TLC overlay technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Detzner
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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