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Lin Y, Cheng C, Dai Y, Li W, Chen J, Chen M, Xie P, Gao Q, Fan X, Deng X. The origins of odor (β-cyclocitral) under different water nutrient conditions: Algae or submerged plants? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:173024. [PMID: 38719048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Among the problems caused by water eutrophication, the issue of odor compounds has attracted notable attention. β-Cyclocitral, a widely distributed and versatile odor compound, is commonly derived from both algae and aquatic plants. Planting aquatic plants is a common method of water purification. However, there is limited study on their impact on β-cyclocitral levels in water. Here, we conducted a study on the β-cyclocitral levels in water and the submerged plant leaves under three nutrient levels and six plant density treatments. Our findings revealed the following: (1) Chlorophyll-a (Chla), β-cyclocitral in the water (Wcyc), β-cyclocitral in Potamogeton lucens leaves (Pcyc) and the biomass of the submerged plants increase with rising nutrient concentration, which increased about 83 %, 95 %, 450 %, 320 % from eutrophic treatment to oligotrophic treatment, respectively. (2) In water, β-cyclocitral is influenced not only by algae but also by submerged plants, with primary influencing factors varying across different nutrient levels and plant densities. The main source of β-cyclocitral in water becomes from plants to algae as the water eutrophication and plant density decrease. (3) As submerged plants have the capability to emit β-cyclocitral, the release of β-cyclocitral increases with the density of submerged plants. Hence, when considering planting submerged plants for water purification purposes, it is crucial to carefully manage submerged plant density to mitigate the risk of odor pollution emanating from aquatic plants. This study offers fresh insights into selecting optimal water density for submerged plants and their role in mitigating the release of β-cyclocitral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Chaoyue Cheng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yutai Dai
- Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xiaoyue Fan
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuwei Deng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
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Yue Z, Chen Y, Wu Z, Cheng X, Bao Z, Deng X, Shen H, Liu J, Xie P, Chen J. Thermal stratification controls taste and odour compounds by regulating the phytoplankton community in a large subtropical water source reservoir (Xin'anjiang Reservoir). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133539. [PMID: 38271873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin are compounds released by algae that significantly degrade reservoir water quality, posing a threat to both the safety of drinking water and the quality of aquatic products sourced from these environments. However, few studies have explored how enhanced thermal stratification affects the occurrence and regulation of odorants in large drinking water reservoirs. Through systematic monitoring and investigation of Xin'anjiang Reservoir, we found that enhanced thermal stratification promotes filamentous cyanobacteria, particularly Leptolyngbya sp., as the primary contributor to 2-MIB production within the 1-10 m layer of the water column. The highest 2-MIB concentration, 92.5 ng/L, was recorded in the riverine region, which was 2.54 and 14.52 times higher than that in the transitional and central parts of the reservoir, respectively. Temperature indirectly impacted algal growth and odorant production by modulating TN/TP ratios. Geosmin concentration responded rapidly to relatively low TN/TP ratios (< 25). Our findings suggest that phosphorus control in estuaries should be enhanced during thermal stratification period. In summary, our study provides valuable insights to inform pragmatic water intake strategies and the distribution and release of odorants caused by thermal stratification. This is particularly relevant in the context of future global warming and extremely high temperatures during the warm season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yue
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yuru Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhixu Wu
- Hangzhou Bureau of Ecology and Environment Chun'An Branch, Hangzhou 311700, China
| | - Xinliang Cheng
- Hangzhou Bureau of Ecology and Environment Chun'An Branch, Hangzhou 311700, China
| | - Zhen Bao
- Hangzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311700, China
| | - Xuwei Deng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
| | - Hong Shen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
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Yang W, Tan Q, Zhao H, Xia F, Li C, Ma X, Li W. Eutrophication-driven infochemical dimethylsulfide accelerates carbon transfer in freshwater food chain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120155. [PMID: 38308987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is a major organic sulfide in aquatic ecosystems and an infochemical that is considered as a key predictor of changes in energy and material fluxes and stocks. It is largely unknown how DMS changes and affects the food webs and material cycles in eutrophicated freshwater. In this study, field monitoring and literature surveys were conducted to analyze the effects of eutrophication on DMS concentrations. Daphnia-zebrafish microcosms were then used to investigate the effects of DMS concentrations on carbon transfer. The results demonstrated that the concentration of DMS was increased by eutrophication related indicators (chlorophyll and phosphorus). Eutrophication driven DMS altered carbon transfer in the freshwater food chain. Low concentrations (0.1-1 nM) of DMS promoted the predation of daphnia by zebrafish compared to the 0.01 nM DMS, which further stimulated the total carbon transfer from daphnia to zebrafish and altered the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) distribution in water. High concentrations (10-100 nM) of DMS did not alter zebrafish predation on daphnia and carbon transfer. DOC excreted by zebrafish altered carbon emission potential, and DMS in water showed a unimodal relationship with the carbon emission potential, peaking at 0.40 nM DMS. Keeping the DMS in water at 1.82 nM may maintain a lower carbon emission potential. These results improved the understanding of the effects of eutrophication on DMS, demonstrated the ecological role of DMS on freshwater fish and the carbon cycle, estimated the effects of DMS on the carbon emission potential of fish, and offered new insights into the management of eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Ecological Sciences and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Qian Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Haixiao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Feiyang Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cangbai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Ecological Sciences and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
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Li Z, Cao G, Qiu L, Chen X, Zhong L, Wang X, Xu H, Wang C, Fan L, Meng S, Chen J, Song C. Aquaculture activities influencing the generation of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol: a case study in the aquaculture regions of Hongze Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4196-4208. [PMID: 38100023 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Contamination by odor substances such as geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) was examined in the cultured water from aquaculture farming in the region of the Hongze Lake in 2022, and some factors influencing residual levels of them in the water were analyzed. Geographically, high concentrations of GSM were located mainly in the north and northeast culture areas of the lake, while those of 2-MIB were found in the northeast and southwest. Analysis of the water in the enclosure culture revealed significant differences in the concentrations of GSM and 2-MIB among the cultured species. The mean concentrations of GSM in culture water were ranked in the order: crab > the four major Chinese carps > silver and bighead carp, and silver and bighead carp > crab > the four major Chinese carps for 2-MIB. The concentration of GSM was significantly higher at 38.99 ± 18.93 ng/L in crab culture water compared to other fish culture water. Significant differences were observed in GSM concentrations between crab enclosure culture and pond culture, while 2-MIB levels were comparable. These findings suggest that cultural management practices significantly affect the generation of odor substances. The taste and odor (T&O) assessment revealed that the residual levels of GSM and 2-MIB in most samples were below the odor threshold concentrations (OTCs), although high levels of GSM and 2-MIB in all water bodies were at 30.9% and 27.5%, respectively. Compared with the corresponding data from other places and the regulation guidelines of Japan, USA, and China, the region in the Hongze Lake is generally classified as a slightly T&O area, capable of supporting the aquaculture production scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Zhong
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 210017, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchi Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changbo Wang
- Kunshan Fisheries Technology Extension Center, 215300, Kunshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Fan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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Ren R, Xuwei D, Wenze L, Xiao R, Ping X, Jun C. Sediments are important in regulating the algae-derived off-flavor (β-cyclocitral) in eutrophic lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162536. [PMID: 36870503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, due to global warming and water eutrophication, cyanobacterial blooms have occurred frequently worldwide, resulting in a series of water quality problems, among which the odor problem in lakes is one of the focuses of attention. In the late stage of the bloom, a large amount of algae accumulated on the surface sediment, which will be a great hidden danger to cause odor pollution in lakes. β-Cyclocitral is one of the typical algae-derived odor compounds that cause odor in lakes. In this study, an annual survey of 13 eutrophic lakes in the Taihu Lake basin was investigated to assess the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on β-cyclocitral in water. Our results showed that high concentrations of β-cyclocitral in the pore water (pore-β-cyclocitral) were detected in the sediment and far exceeded that in the water column, with an average of about 100.37 times. Structural equation modeling indicated that algal biomass and pore-β-cyclocitral can directly regulate the concentrations of β-cyclocitral in the water column, and total phosphorus (TP) and temperature (Temp) promoted the algal biomass which further enhanced the production of β-cyclocitral both in the water column and pore water. It was worth noting that when Chla ≥30 μg/L, the effects of algae on pore-β-cyclocitral were significantly enhanced, and pore-β-cyclocitral played a major role in the regulation of β-cyclocitral concentrations in water column. Overall, our study facilitated a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the effects of algae on odorants and the dynamic regulatory processes in complex aquatic ecosystems, and revealed a long-neglected process, that was, the important contribution of sediments to β-cyclocitral in the water column in eutrophic lakes, which would conduce to a more accurate understanding of the evolution of off flavors in lakes and also useful for the management of odors in lakes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Ren
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Deng Xuwei
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
| | - Lu Wenze
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Rao Xiao
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Xie Ping
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Chen Jun
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
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An automated micro solid phase extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (μSPE-GC-MS) detection method for geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in drinking water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1768. [PMID: 36720961 PMCID: PMC9889310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) are amongst the most common earthy and musty taste and odour (T&O) compounds found in drinking water. With low odour threshold detection limits below 10 ng L-1, and the complexity of raw water matrices, these two compounds provide a significant challenge for water companies globally. In this research, for the first time, a novel and fully automated micro-solid phase-extraction (μSPE) method coupled with gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) has been developed for the detection of geosmin and 2-MIB for drinking water analysis. The new automated method described herein is environmentally friendly requiring low raw water sample volumes, of 25 mL, and only 50 μL of elution solvent. Our μSPE-GC-MS method exhibits excellent linearity for both compounds (R2 > 0.999) and low limits of detection of 2.0 ng L-1 and 4.3 ng L-1 for geosmin and 2-MIB, respectively. The method showed excellent recovery rates (95.1-100.1%) and good precision (RSD < 7%) in raw sample matrices. Our approach is fully automated onto a robotic workstation which can be readily integrated into a laboratory workflow for routine water analysis. Furthermore, the method has excellent potential to be incorporated within a portable system for onsite analysis.
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Deng X, Ruan L, Ren R, Tao M, Zhang J, Wang L, Yan Y, Wen X, Yang X, Xie P. Phosphorus accelerate the sulfur cycle by promoting the release of malodorous volatile organic sulfur compounds from Microcystis in freshwater lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157280. [PMID: 35835193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic sulfur compounds (VSCs) released by algae are of great significance in sulfur cycle, climate regulation and biological information transmission, and they also caused taste and odor in freshwaters. However, the categories, sources, and environmental regulatory factors of VSCs in freshwaters were less known. Here, we show that eight common freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis, which bloom in freshwaters over the world, are found to be important producers of VSCs. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and isopropyl methyl sulfide (IPMS) are the main VSCs with the highest concentrations 184.81 nmol/L, 162.01 nmol/L and 101.55 nmol/L, respectively. The amount of VSCs released from those Microcystis varied greatly, M. elabens, M. panniformis and M. flos-aquae released the largest amount of VSCs (1260.52 nmol S/L, 1154.75 nmol S/L and 670.58 nmol S/L), and M. wesenbergii had the smallest release amount. We also found for the first time that phosphorus (P) was one of the important factors for the regulation VSCs from most Microcystis. P can elevate the release of DMS by promoting the biomass and DMS yields of most Microcystis in the range 0.05 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L. Similar results were also found in 16 lakes at three different spatiotemporal scales. Overall, we revealed that the common freshwater Microcystis were able to release diverse thioethers, and the major VSCs were significantly influenced by water P concentrations. In the context of global freshwater eutrophication and Microcystis bloom, freshwater cyanobacteria driven sulfur cycle and water odor will probably be further strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Deng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Linwei Ruan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ren Ren
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Min Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641112, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Lantian Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yunzhi Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xinli Wen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
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Han X, Wang X, Shen C, Mo Y, Tian R, Mao L, Luo Z, Yang H. Exogenous ABA promotes aroma biosynthesis of postharvest kiwifruit after low-temperature storage. PLANTA 2022; 255:82. [PMID: 35257207 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous ABA played a positive role in the accumulation and biosynthesis of aroma components of postharvest kiwifruit after low-temperature storage, especially the esters production during ripening. Low-temperature storage (LTS) generally affects the aroma formation associated with the decrease in aroma quality in kiwifruit. In this work, abscisic acid (ABA) treatment after LTS increased the production of aroma components in postharvest kiwifruit and enhanced the related enzyme activity, especially alcohol acyltransferase (AAT), branched amino acid transaminase (BCAT) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL). Corresponding to the enzyme activity, the gene expression of AchnAAT, AchnADH, AchnBCAT and AchnHPL was significantly up-regulated by ABA. The principal component analysis further illustrated the differences in aroma components between ABA and the control. The positive correlation of aroma accumulation with the expression levels of AchnPDC and AchnLOX and the enzyme activities of BCAT and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) was also revealed by correlation analysis. In addition, the promoter sequences of the key genes involved in aroma biosynthesis contained multiple cis-elements (ABRE and G-box) of ABA-responsive proteins. Combining the transcriptome sequencing data, the promoting role of ABA signaling in the regulation of aroma biosynthesis of postharvest kiwifruit after LTS was discussed. This study would provide a reference for improving aroma quality of postharvest kiwifruit after LTS, as well the molecular mechanism of kiwifruit aroma fading after LTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Han
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chi Shen
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiwei Mo
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rungang Tian
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huanyi Yang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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9
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(Sesha) Pochiraju S, Hoppe-Jones C, Adams C, Weinrich L. Development and optimization of analytical methods for the detection of 18 taste and odor compounds in drinking water utilities. WATER RESEARCH X 2021; 11:100099. [PMID: 33889833 PMCID: PMC8050797 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Taste and odor (T&O) issues have been a major concern among drinking water utilities as source waters are becoming increasingly vulnerable to compounds released during algal blooms as well as non-algal compounds. While most of the literature focuses on the two most common T&O compounds - 2-MIB and geosmin, there are other compounds that have the potential to cause T&O events. The aim of this study was to develop an advanced analytical method using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to identify 18 T&O compounds belonging to various odor classes. The developed method was optimized for the 18 analytes and implemented to determine the holding time of the compounds in raw and treated (distribution system point-of-entry or PoE) drinking water matrices. Compounds belonging to certain classes such as pyrazines and anisoles were found to be "stable" (< 30% loss) in all tested waters for up to two weeks, while aldehydes, ketones, esters and alkyl sulfides showed > 30% loss within 96 h in raw water. Preservation of samples at low pH (< 2) using hydrochloric acid increased the holding times and reduced losses within 96 h for aldehydes, ketones and esters. The paper also discusses the occurrence of these compounds with water utilities from the Midwest and Eastern US during the summer months. The study detected eight T&O compounds - 2-MIB, geosmin, β-cyclocitral, β-ionone, hexanal, indole, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide. While five compounds were detected above their threshold concentrations in the raw water, two of them (2-MIB and geosmin) were detected above threshold in the PoE samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Craig Adams
- Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
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10
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Validation of the Sample Preservation and Analysis of Dimethyl Disulfide and Dimethyl Trisulfide in Tap Water and Source Water. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03994-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Deng X, Chen J, Hansson LA, Zhao X, Xie P. Eco-chemical mechanisms govern phytoplankton emissions of dimethylsulfide in global surface waters. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa140. [PMID: 34691568 PMCID: PMC8288430 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-greenhouse gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) is mainly emitted by algae and accounts for more than half of the total natural flux of gaseous sulfur to the atmosphere, strongly reducing the solar radiation and thereby the temperature on Earth. However, the relationship between phytoplankton biomass and DMS emissions is debated and inconclusive. Our study presents field observations from 100 freshwater lakes, in concert with data of global ocean DMS emissions, showing that DMS and algal biomass show a hump-shaped relationship, i.e. DMS emissions to the atmosphere increase up to a pH of about 8.1 but, at higher pH, DMS concentrations decline, likely mainly due to decomposition. Our findings from lake and ocean ecosystems worldwide were corroborated in experimental studies. This novel finding allows assessments of more accurate global patterns of DMS emissions and advances our knowledge on the negative feedback regulation of phytoplankton-driven DMS emissions on climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Deng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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12
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Han X, Zhao Y, Hu B, Yang H, Peng Q, Tian R. Influence of different yeast strains on the quality of fermented greengage (Prunus mume) alcoholic beverage and the optimization of fermentation conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Yu C, Shi C, Ji M, Xu X, Zhang Z, Ma J, Wang G. Taste and odor compounds associated with aquatic plants in Taihu Lake: distribution and producing potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34510-34520. [PMID: 31643015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The odor problem caused by the decay of aquatic plants is widespread in many freshwater lakes. In this study, the spatial distributions of seven taste and odor (T&O) compounds (dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 2-methylisoborneol, geosmin, β-cyclocitral, and β-ionone) in the sediments and overlying water of the east of Taihu Lake were investigated. The effects of plant and physico-chemical parameters on the release of T&O compounds were also analyzed. The results showed that high concentrations of T&O compounds were detected in the area where Eichhornia crassipes was flourishing. Volatile organic sulfur compounds were not found in the water source area, which was not covered by aquatic plants. High plant biomass and aquiculture activities might increase the release of the taste and odor compounds. The correlation between the concentrations of odorous compounds and nutrients in the sediment was also analyzed. The production of odorants was positively correlated with the nitrogen, and they may migrate from sediment to overlying water. The result suggested that controlling the plant density and aquaculture activities could reduce the release of odorous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cencen Yu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Chenfei Shi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ming Ji
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhongqian Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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14
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Zhang R, Qi F, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Kumirska J, Sun D. Cyanobacteria derived taste and odor characteristics in various lakes in China: Songhua Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:499-507. [PMID: 31229840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing eutrophication in large freshwater lakes, which are an important drinking water source for cities in China, have been resulted in substantial cyanobacteria blooms that could cause serious taste and odor (T&O) problems. In this investigation, three typical lakes (Songhua Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake) as drinking water sources located in different geographical areas in China, were selected to study the problems of cyanobacteria-derived T&O (i.e., 2-methylisobornoel, geosmin, β-ionone, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, and 2-methylbenzofuran). The occurrence of T&O in target lakes was compared across various nutrition states and geographic locations, to get more information for early warning for algal bloom and T&O occurrence, being useful lake water management and purification. Results show that the occurrence of T&O in Songhua Lake was the poorest for the lowest nutrient state, as a first report in T&O research field in China. This is a lake located in Northeast China at high latitude, with lower water temperatures. The occurrence of T&O in Chaohu Lake was ranked in the middle. That in Taihu Lake was the most intensive. Finally, the relationship between water quality, T&O and its origin was analyzed by multivariate statistical methods (correlation analysis, principal component, and cluster analyses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Fei Qi
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Zilong Song
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jolanta Kumirska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Poland
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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15
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A fluorescence-displacement assay using molecularly imprinted polymers for the visual, rapid, and sensitive detection of the algal metabolites, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1066:121-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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John N, Baker L, Ansell BRE, Newham S, Crosbie ND, Jex AR. First report of anatoxin-a producing cyanobacteria in Australia illustrates need to regularly up-date monitoring strategies in a shifting global distribution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10894. [PMID: 31350418 PMCID: PMC6659621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine monitoring of toxic cyanobacteria depends on up-to-date epidemiological information about their distribution. In Australia, anatoxin producing cyanobacteria are not regularly tested for and thought to be rare if not absent from the continent. Our study investigated the presence of anatoxin-a (ATX-a) producing cyanobacteria in surface water samples (n = 226 from 67 sampling locations) collected from 2010 to 2017 across the state of Victoria, Australia. We (1) detected the presence and distribution of anaC (anatoxin-a synthetase C) gene sequences previously associated with various cyanobacteria, including Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi, Aphanizomenon sp., D. circinale, Anabaena sp., and Oscillatoria sp., from 31 sampling locations, and (2) determined the concentration of ATX-a in samples tested using ELISA, in two instances detected at >4 µg · L-1. These data present the first confirmation of ATX-a producers in Australia. Our study indicates that ATX-a should be included in regular testing of cyanobacterial blooms in Australia and highlights the importance of regular investigation of the distributions of toxic cyanobacteria worldwide, particularly amid the known expanding distribution of many cyanobacterial taxa in a period of increased eutrophication and rising surface water temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijoy John
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Louise Baker
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Brendan R E Ansell
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Steven Newham
- Goulburn Valley Water, Shepparton, Victoria, 3630, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Crosbie
- Melbourne Water, Docklands, Victoria, 3008, Australia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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17
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Kamata T, Sumimoto M, Shiba S, Kurita R, Niwa O, Kato D. Increased electrode activity during geosmin oxidation provided by Pt nanoparticle-embedded nanocarbon film. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8845-8854. [PMID: 31012904 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The musty odor compound geosmin was electrochemically detected by using Pt nanoparticle (PtNP)-embedded nanocarbon (Pt-C) films formed with unbalanced magnetron (UBM) co-sputtering. The sputtered Pt components formed NPs (typically 1.53-4.75 nm in diameter) spontaneously in the carbon films, owing to the poor intermiscibility of Pt with carbon. The surface concentrations of PtNPs embedded in the nanocarbon film were widely controllable (Pt = 4.8-35.9 at%) by regulating the target powers of the Pt and carbon individually. The obtained film had a flat surface (Ra = 0.17-0.18 nm) despite the fact the PtNPs were partially exposed at the surface. Compared with a Pt film electrode, some Pt-C films exhibited higher electrode activity against geosmin although the surface Pt concentrations of these Pt-C films were much lower than that of the Pt film electrode, thanks to the wider potential window and lower background current that resulted from the ultraflat and stable carbon-based film prepared by UBM co-sputtering. Computational experiments revealed that the theoretical oxidation potential (Eox) value for geosmin was relatively similar to that obtained in electrochemical experiments using our Pt-C film electrode. Moreover, we also theoretically estimated the possible oxidation site of geosmin molecules and the advantage of the NP shape of the electroactive Pt parts as regards the electrochemical oxidation of geosmin. We successfully used the Pt-C film (10.6 at%) electrode to detect geosmin in combination with HPLC at a low detection limit of 100 ng L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kamata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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18
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Wang C, Yu J, Guo Q, Zhao Y, Cao N, Yu Z, Yang M. Simultaneous quantification of fifty-one odor-causing compounds in drinking water using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 79:100-110. [PMID: 30784435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of compounds with various structural features can cause taste and odor (T&O) problems in drinking water. It would be desirable to determine all of these compounds using a simple analytical method. In this paper, a sensitive method combining liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was established to simultaneously analyze 51 odor-causing compounds in drinking water, including organic sulfides, aldehydes, benzenes, phenols, ethers, esters, ketones, nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin. Three deuterated analogs of target analytes, dimethyl disulfide-d6, benzaldehyde-d6 and o-cresol-3,4,5,6-d4, were used to correct the variations in recovery, and five isotope-labeled internal standards (4-chlorotoluene-d4, 1, 4-dichlorobenzene-d4, naphthalene-d8, acenaphthene-d10, phenanthrene-d10 respectively) were used prior to analysis to correct the variations arising from instrument fluctuations and injection errors. The calibration curves of the target compounds showed good linearity (R2 > 0.99, level = 7), and method detection limits (MDLs) below 1/10 of the odor threshold concentrations were achieved for most of the odorants (0.10-20.55 ng/L). The average recoveries of most of the analytes in tap water samples were between 70% and 120%, and the method was reproducible (RSD < 20%, n = 7). Additionally, concentrations of odor-causing compounds in water samples collected from three drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) were analyzed by this method. According to the results, dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl disulfide and indole were considered to be the key odorants responsible for the swampy/septic odor. 2-Methylisoborneol and geosmin were detected as the main odor-causing compounds for musty/earthy odor in DWTP B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Beijing Waterworks Group, Beijing 100031, China
| | - Nan Cao
- Beijing Waterworks Group, Beijing 100031, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Xuwei D, Min Q, Ren R, Jiarui L, Xiaoxue S, Ping X, Jun C. The relationships between odors and environmental factors at bloom and non-bloom area in Lake Taihu, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:569-576. [PMID: 30500718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lake Taihu has been experiencing taste and odor (T&O) events recently. And for the purpose of seeking the environmental factors having great influences on T&O compounds and supplying theory information for preventing the occurrence of T&O problems, Redundance analysis (RDA) was conducted for the dissolved and particle-bound forms of T&O compounds. And the whole lake was divided into the blooming and non-blooming areas. Results indicated that environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic factors, made great contributions to the variation of T&O compounds in Lake Taihu. The key biotic factors included Microcystis, Oscillatoria and chlorophyll-a. Microcystis made great contribution of these compounds in the blooming area and had close relationship with those particulate forms of odorants in Taihu. Oscillatoria made great and absolute contribution to odorants in the non-blooming area. Chlorophyll-a influenced greatly the odorants in the blooming area and had significant relationship with the particle-bound fractions in the whole lake. Dissolved oxygen and water temperature were the dominant abiotic factors with large contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Xuwei
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qi Min
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ren Ren
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Jiarui
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Xiaoxue
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xie Ping
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chen Jun
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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20
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Zhao L, Qin X, Hou X, Li Y, Zhang K, Gong W, Nie J, Wang T. Research on determination of BTEX in human whole blood using purge and trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with isotope internal standard. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Bristow R, Young I, Pemberton A, Williams J, Maher S. An extensive review of the extraction techniques and detection methods for the taste and odour compound geosmin (trans-1, 10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) in water. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Zhang H, Ma P, Shu J, Yang B, Huang J. Rapid detection of taste and odor compounds in water using the newly invented chemi-ionization technique coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1035:119-128. [PMID: 30224129 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Taste and odor (T&O) compounds are widespread in water environments and have attracted considerable public attention. Nowadays, the standard detections of these chemicals rely mainly on off-line methods such as GC-MS or evaluation by trained analysts' senses. In this study, we report a method for the rapid detection of T&O compounds in water by exploiting a newly invented chemi-ionization source, in combination with headspace vapor measurement at room temperature. The calibrated limits of detection (LODs) of 2-methylbutyraldehyde, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-isobutyl-3-methyoxypyrazine (IBMP), and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP) are in the range of 3.5-50.2 ng L-1, and the estimated LODs of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM) are 0.25 and 0.77 ng L-1, respectively. The calibration results reveal that the instrumental LODs for 2-methylbutyraldehyde, MTBE, MMA, β-cyclocitral, 2-MIB, and GSM are 1-2 orders of magnitude better than the odor thresholds of humans. The accuracy, precision, recovery, and linearity (R2) of the method are tested. Water samples from city tap water and three rivers in Beijing are assessed using this technique, and the typical T&O compositions are observed with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 297 ng L-1. The new ultra-sensitive rapid detection method shows comparable sensitivities to the existing off-line technique and displays great potential for real-time detection of T&O pollution in water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Pengkun Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jinian Shu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jingyun Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Huang H, Xu X, Shi C, Liu X, Wang G. Response of Taste and Odor Compounds to Elevated Cyanobacteria Biomass and Temperature. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:272-278. [PMID: 29974165 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Taste and odor (T&O) compounds are frequently reported during black blooms, however, their production mechanisms and influencing factors are far from clear. In this study, laboratory simulation experiment was carried out to investigate the formation processes of T&O compounds under the influences of temperature, cyanobacteria biomass and their combined effects. The decay of cyanobacteria blooms caused increased T&O compounds loading to water. Results showed the maximum dimethyl sulfide (DMS) release concentration was observed at 35°C compared with that at 25 and 30°C. DMS release concentration under cyanobacteria biomass of 25000 g/m3 demonstrated the highest production, whereas the minimum DMS production were obtained under 7500 g/m3. Similar patterns were observed for dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, β-cyclocitral and β-ionone production. Therefore, higher temperature and higher cyanobacteria biomass can enhance the concentration of T&O compounds. Furthermore, there were synergistic effects of cyanobacteria biomass and temperature on the production of T&O compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China.
| | - Chenfei Shi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China.
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24
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Huang X, Huang Z, Chen XP, Zhang D, Zhou J, Wang X, Gao N. The predominant phytoplankton of Pseudoanabaena holding specific biosynthesis gene-derived occurrence of 2-MIB in a drinking water reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19134-19142. [PMID: 29725924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing occurrence of water eutrophication and blooms, earthy-musty odor problems caused by cyanobacteria have been more and more apparent. These problems have a serious impact on aquatic ecosystems and drinking water safety and become one of the priorities of the water environment researches and managements. In the present study, genes associated with 2-MIB synthesis in cyanobacteria were studied by systematic investigation on molecular characterization and quantity of 2-MIB-producing cyanobacteria in China. Our results founded that Pseudoanabaena is an important 2-MIB-producing phytoplankton and predominant in summer in Qingcaosha reservoir, and the copy number of mic and 2-MIB concentration have strongly positive correlation. We also demonstrated that abundance of mic in water was significant correlation with that in sediment. These results will help us to understand the main taxa of the odoriferous cyanobacteria in the water bodies in China, understand the genetic basis of the odor substances in the cyanobacteria. Rapid, reliable monitoring and ecological research methods for the production of odor cyanobacteria in water bodies can be established based on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xue-Ping Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of China (South) for Urban Water, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xianyun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of China (South) for Urban Water, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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25
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Huang H, Xu X, Liu X, Han R, Liu J, Wang G. Distributions of four taste and odor compounds in the sediment and overlying water at different ecology environment in Taihu Lake. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6179. [PMID: 29670292 PMCID: PMC5906450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic matter-induced black blooms, such as cyanobacterial and vegetation blooms, are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in Taihu Lake. After large-scale outbreaks of blooms in eutrophic water, a large number of cyanobacterial and vegetation residue accumulate in the coastal areas, and rapidly fermented into odorous compounds. In this study, four taste and odor compounds have been analyzed in sediments and overlying water of different ecology environment in Taihu Lake. High concentrations of DMDS (up to 7165.25 ngg-1 dw-1), DMTS (up to 50.93 ngg-1 dw-1), β-cyclocitral (up to 5441.69 ngg-1 dw-1), β-ionone (up to 1669.37 ngg-1 dw-1) were detected in sediments. Also, the spatial distributions of DMDS, DMTS, β-cyclocitral and β-ionone in the sediments were investigated. As the depth of sediment increases, nutrients and odorous compounds are greatly reduced. The results showed that during the degradation of cyanobacterial and vegetation residues, DMDS, DMTS, β-cyclocitral, β-ionone and nutrients are gradually released. In addition, when assessing the source of odorous compounds in overlying water, it should also be considered that it may be released from the sediment. This study shows that odorous compounds are ubiquitous in near-shore zones Taihu Lake, and may take potential hazard to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruiming Han
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jine Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
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26
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Yuan SF, Liu ZH, Lian HX, Yang CT, Lin Q, Yin H, Lin Z, Dang Z. Fast trace determination of nine odorant and estrogenic chloro- and bromo-phenolic compounds in real water samples through automated solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3813-3822. [PMID: 29177998 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A fast and reliable method was developed for simultaneous trace determination of nine odorous and estrogenic chloro- and bromo-phenolic compounds (CPs and BPs) in water samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For sample preparation, the extraction efficiencies of two widely applied cartridges Oasis HLB and Sep-Pak C18 were compared, and the Oasis HLB cartridge showed much better extraction performance; pH of water sample also plays important role on extraction, and pH = 2-3 was found to be most appropriate. For separation of the target compounds, small addition of ammonium hydroxide can obviously improve the detection sensitivity, and the optimized addition concentration was determined as 0.2%. The developed efficient method was validated and showed excellent linearity (R 2 > 0.995), low limit of detection (LOD, 1.9-6.2 ng/L), and good recovery efficiencies of 57-95% in surface and tap water with low relative standard deviation (RSD, 1.3-17.4%). The developed method was finally applied to one tap and one surface water samples and most of these nine targets were detected, but all of them were below their odor thresholds, and their estrogen equivalent (EEQ) were also very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Fen Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Hai-Xian Lian
- Center of Water Environmental Monitoring, Guangdong Yue Gang Water Supply Co. LTD, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518021, China
- Department of Water Technology Research and Development, Guandong GDH Water Co., LTD, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518021, China
| | - Chuang-Tao Yang
- Center of Water Environmental Monitoring, Guangdong Yue Gang Water Supply Co. LTD, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518021, China
- Department of Water Technology Research and Development, Guandong GDH Water Co., LTD, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518021, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Center of Water Environmental Monitoring, Guangdong Yue Gang Water Supply Co. LTD, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518021, China
- Department of Water Technology Research and Development, Guandong GDH Water Co., LTD, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518021, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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27
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Wang C, Li C, Li H, Lee H, Yang Z. The removal efficiency and degradation pathway of IPMP and IBMP in aqueous solution during ozonization. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Liu X, Shi C, Xu X, Li X, Xu Y, Huang H, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Shen H, Chen C, Wang G. Spatial distributions of β-cyclocitral and β-ionone in the sediment and overlying water of the west shore of Taihu Lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:430-438. [PMID: 27890412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
After large-scale outbreaks of algal blooms in eutrophic water, considerable amounts of algae residue accumulate in near-shore zones before fermenting rapidly and becoming malodorous. Taste and odor pollution caused by secondary metabolites from cyanobacterial blooms has become a serious and widespread environmental problem. Two typical odorous compounds, β-cyclocitral and β-ionone, have gained increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, the spatial distributions of β-cyclocitral and β-ionone in the sediments and overlying water off the west shore of Taihu Lake were investigated. The results showed that β-cyclocitral, β-ionone and nutrients are released during the degradation of fresh cyanobacteria, especially in the early stages. The odorous compounds and nutrients greatly decreased as the depth of sediment increased, indicating that reed roots can absorb β-cyclocitral, β-ionone and nutrients. Furthermore, removing cyanobacteria and dredging sludge might reduce the release of β-cyclocitral and β-ionone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chenfei Shi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Heyong Huang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Huichao Shen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chong Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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29
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Wang C, Zou P, Zhang T, Li H, Yang Z. Simultaneous determination of haloanisoles and halophenols in water using in situ acylation combined with solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:514-523. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Wang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
| | - Pan Zou
- Center for Environment and Water Resources; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University; B406 Virtual University, Shenzhen High-tech Industrial Park; Shenzhen Guangdong P.R. China
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30
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LU J, WU ZP, CHE WJ, XIAN YP, GUO XD, LV JX, LI H. Determination of Earthy-musty Odorous Compounds in Drinking Water by Vortex Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:407-11. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian LU
- Jiangsu Product Quality Testing and Inspection Institute
| | - Zhong-Ping WU
- Jiangsu Product Quality Testing and Inspection Institute
| | - Wen-Jun CHE
- Jiangsu Product Quality Testing and Inspection Institute
| | | | - Xin-Dong GUO
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute
| | - Jia-Xin LV
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University
| | - He LI
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University
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31
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Zhang Y, Zhang N, Xu B, Kumirska J, Qi F. Occurrence of earthy–musty taste and odors in the Taihu Lake, China: spatial and seasonal patterns. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16733k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of earthy–musty T&O in the Taihu Lake evaluated in 2009/2010 and the main contributors are β-ionone, β-cyclocitral, IPMP and IBMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
- Beijing 100012
- China
| | - Bingbing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Jolanta Kumirska
- Department of Environmental Analysis
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Fei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
- Beijing 100012
- China
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32
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Su M, Yu J, Zhang J, Chen H, An W, Vogt RD, Andersen T, Jia D, Wang J, Yang M. MIB-producing cyanobacteria (Planktothrix sp.) in a drinking water reservoir: distribution and odor producing potential. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 68:444-453. [PMID: 25462751 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of odorant 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in water bodies by Planktothrix sp. have not been understood very well. Through a four-year investigation in Miyun Reservoir, a huge mesotrophic drinking water reservoir known to have the MIB episodes, we found that the Planktothrix sp. bloomed during September and October causing the high levels of MIB in the reservoir. The concentration of MIB and the biomass of MIB-producing cyanobacteria Planktothrix were measured (n = 887) at different sites and depths during different seasons. The results indicated that the shallow region of the reservoir is the major habitat for Planktothrix sp. due to that the light is able to penetrate down to the relatively high concentrations of nutrients close to the sediments. Quantile regression analysis between Planktothrix biomass and MIB concentration shows that the risk of MIB exceeding the odor threshold (15 ng L⁻¹) in water was as high as 90% when the Planktothrix density was more than 4.0 × 10⁵ cells L⁻¹, while the risk was reduced to 10% when the Planktothrix density remained below 1.6 × 10⁴ cells L⁻¹. This study will improve the understanding of the environmental behaviors of Planktothrix sp., and can provide useful information for better management of drinking water lakes/reservoirs experiencing the taste and odor (T&O) problems caused by deep living cyanobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
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33
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Suurnäkki S, Gomez-Saez GV, Rantala-Ylinen A, Jokela J, Fewer DP, Sivonen K. Identification of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in cyanobacteria and molecular detection methods for the producers of these compounds. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 68:56-66. [PMID: 25462716 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are muddy/earthy off-flavor metabolites produced by a range of bacteria. Cyanobacteria are the major producers of the volatile metabolites geosmin and MIB which produce taste and odor problems in drinking water and fish worldwide. Here we detected geosmin and MIB by studying 100 cyanobacteria strains using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS). A total of 21 geosmin producers were identified from six cyanobacteria genera. Two of the geosmin producers also produced MIB. A PCR protocol for the detection of geoA and MIB synthase genes involved in the biosynthesis of geosmin and MIB was developed. The geoA and MIB synthase genes were detected in all strains shown to produce geosmin and MIB, respectively. Cyanobacterial geoA and MIB synthase sequences showed homology to terpene synthases genes of actinobacteria and proteobacteria. Additional off-flavor compounds, nor-carotenoids β-ionone and β-cyclocitral, were found from 55 strains among the 100 cyanobacterial strains studied; β-ionone was present in 45 and β-cyclocitral in 10 strains. Six of the cyanobacteria which contain off-flavor compounds also produced toxins, anatoxin-a or microcystins. The molecular method developed is a useful tool in monitoring potential cyanobacterial producers of geosmin and MIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Suurnäkki
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, PO Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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34
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Kim YH, Kim KH, Szulejko JE, Parker D. Development of the detection threshold concept from a close look at sorption occurrence inside a glass vial based on the in-vial vaporization of semivolatile fatty acids. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6640-7. [PMID: 24881858 DOI: 10.1021/ac501382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Headspace (HS) analysis has been recommended as one of the most optimal methods for extracting and analyzing volatile organic compounds from samples in diverse media such as soil and water. Short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA, C3-C7) with strong adsorptivity were selected as the target compounds to assess the basic characteristics of the HS analysis through simulation of HS conditions by in-vial vaporization of liquid-phase standards (VL) in 25 mL glass vials. The reliability of the VL approach was assessed by apportioning the in-vial VFA mass into three classes: (1) vaporized fraction, (2) dynamic adsorption on the vial walls (intermediate stage between vaporization and irreversible absorption), and (3) irreversible absorptive loss (on the vial wall). The dynamic adsorption partitioning inside the vial increased with n-VFA carbon number, e.g., 43% (C2: acetic acid, extrapolated value), 65% (C3: propanoic acid), and 98% (C7: heptanoic acid). The maximum irreversible losses for the studied n-VFAs exhibited a quadratic relationship with carbon number. If the detection threshold limit (DTL: the onset of mass detection after attaining the maximum irreversible loss) is estimated, the DTL values for target VFAs were in the range of 101 ng for i-valeric acid to 616 ng for propionic acid, which are larger than the method detection limit by about 3 orders of magnitude. Consequently, quantitation of VFAs using the VL approach should be critically assessed by simultaneously considering the DTL criterion and the initial VFA masses loaded into the vial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Peng S, Ding Z, Zhao L, Fei J, Xuan Z, Huang C, Chen X. Determination of Seven Odorants in Purified Water Among Worldwide Brands by HS-SPME Coupled to GC–MS. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination of earthy–musty odorous compounds in waters by two phase hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction using polyvinylidene fluoride fibers. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1329:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Analysis of Five Earthy-Musty Odorants in Environmental Water by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Int J Anal Chem 2014; 2014:697260. [PMID: 24527037 PMCID: PMC3910134 DOI: 10.1155/2014/697260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pressing issue of earthy and musty odor compounds in natural waters, which can affect the organoleptic properties of drinking water, makes it a public health concern. A simple and sensitive method for simultaneous analysis of five odorants in environmental water was developed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), as well as dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), β -cyclocitral, and β -ionone. Based on the simple modification of original magnetic stirrer purchased from CORNING (USA), the five target compounds can be separated within 23 min, and the calibration curves show good linearity with a correlation coefficient above 0.999 (levels = 5). The limits of detection (LOD) are all below 1.3 ng L(-1), and the relative standard deviation (%RSD) is between 4.4% and 9.9% (n = 7) and recoveries of the analytes from water samples are between 86.2% and 112.3%. In addition, the storage time experiment indicated that the concentrations did not change significantly for GSM and 2-MIB if they were stored in canonical environment. In conclusion, the method in this study could be applied for monitoring these five odorants in natural waters.
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Chen X, Luo Q, Yuan S, Wei Z, Song H, Wang D, Wang Z. Simultaneous determination of ten taste and odor compounds in drinking water by solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:2313-2323. [PMID: 24552061 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Taste and odor (T&O) problems in drinking water frequently occur because of many compounds present in the water, of which trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are well-known. In this study, a fast and effective method was established for simultaneous determination of 10 T&O compounds, including geosmin, MIB, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), 2-methylbenzofuran, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP), cis-3-hexenyl acetate, trans,trans-2,4-heptadienal, trans, cis-2,6-nonadienal, and trans-2-decenal in water samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. An orthogonal array experimental design was used to optimize the effects of SPME fiber, extraction temperature, stirring rate, NaCI content, extraction time, and desorption time. The limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 73 ng/L were lower than or close to the odor threshold concentrations (OTCs). All the 10 T&O compounds were detected in the 14 water samples including surface water, treatment process water and tap water, taken from a waterworks in Lianyungang City, China. MB and geosmin were detected in most samples at low concentration. Six T&O compounds (IPMP, IBMP, trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal, 2-methylbenzofuran, trans-2-decenal, and TCA) were effectively decreased in water treatment process (sedimentation and filtration) that is different from cis-3-hexenyl acetate, MIB and geosmin. It is noted that the TCA concentrations at 15.9-122.3 ng/L and the trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal concentrations at 79.9-190.1 ng/L were over 10 times higher than their OTCs in tap water. The variation of the analytes in the all water samples, especially distribution system indicated that distribution system cannot be ignored as a T&O compounds source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Qian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shengguang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hanwen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Peng S, Ding Z, Xia W, Zheng H, Xia Y, Chen X. Orthogonal Design Study on Factors Affecting the Determination of Common Odors in Water Samples by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to GC/MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:340658. [PMID: 24000317 PMCID: PMC3755388 DOI: 10.1155/2013/340658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Geosmin and 2-MIB are responsible for the majority of earthy and musty events related to the drinking water. These two odorants have extremely low odor threshold concentrations at ng L(-1) level in the water, so a simple and sensitive method for the analysis of such trace levels was developed by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In this study, the orthogonal experiment design L32 (4(9)) was applied to arrange and optimize experimental conditions. The optimum was the following: temperatures of extraction and desorption, 65°C and 260°C, respectively; times of extraction and desorption, 30 min and 5 min, respectively; ionic strength, 25% (w/v); rotate-speed, 600 rpm; solution pH, 5.0. Under the optimized conditions, limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.04 and 0.13 ng L(-1) for geosmin and 2-MIB, respectively. Calculated calibration curves gave high levels of linearity with a correlation coefficient value of 0.9999 for them. Finally, the proposed method was applied to water samples, which were previously analyzed and confirmed to be free of target analytes. Besides, the proposal method was applied to test environmental water samples. The RSDs were 2.75%~3.80% and 4.35%~7.6% for geosmin and 2-MIB, respectively, and the recoveries were 91%~107% and 91%~104% for geosmin and 2-MIB, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Peng
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Department of Environmental and Endemic Diseases Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Weiwen Xia
- Department of Physical and Chemical Test, Jintan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213200, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental and Endemic Diseases Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuting Xia
- Department of Environmental and Endemic Diseases Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Department of Environmental and Endemic Diseases Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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Su M, Gaget V, Giglio S, Burch M, An W, Yang M. Establishment of quantitative PCR methods for the quantification of geosmin-producing potential and Anabaena sp. in freshwater systems. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:3444-3454. [PMID: 23622984 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Geosmin has often been associated with off-flavor problems in drinking water with Anabaena sp. as the major producer. Rapid on-site detection of geosmin-producers as well as geosmin is important for a timely management response to potential off-flavor events. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods were developed to detect the levels of Anabaena sp. and geosmin, respectively, by designing two PCR primer sets to quantify the rpoC1 gene (ARG) and geosmin synthase one (GSG) in Anabaena sp. in freshwater systems. The ARG density determined by qPCR assay is highly related to microscopic cell count (r(2) = 0.726, p < 0.001), and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the qPCR method were 0.02 pg and 0.2 pg of DNA, respectively. At the same time, the relationship between geosmin concentrations measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GSG copies was also established (r(2) = 0.742, p < 0.001) with similar LOD and LOQ values. Using the two qPCR protocols, we succeeded in measuring different levels of ARG and GSG copies in different freshwater systems with high incidence environmental substrata and diverse ecological conditions, showing that the methods developed could be applied for environmental monitoring. Moreover, comparing to the microscopic count and GC-MS analytical methods, the qPCR methods can reduce the time-to-results from several days to a few hours and require considerably less traditional algal identification and taxonomic expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd., Haidian, Beijing 100085, China.
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Ma Z, Niu Y, Xie P, Chen J, Tao M, Deng X. Off-flavor compounds from decaying cyanobacterial blooms of Lake Taihu. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:495-501. [PMID: 23923422 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cyanobacterial bloom decay on water quality and the complete degradation of cyanobacterial blooms in a short period were examined by an enclosure experiment in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu, China. Water quality parameters as well as taste and odor compounds during the breakdown of cyanobacterial blooms were measured. Results showed that the decay of cyanobacterial blooms caused anoxic water conditions, decreased pH, and increased nutrient loading to the lake water. The highest concentrations of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), and beta-cyclocitral were observed in the anoxic water, at 62331.8, 12413.3, and 1374.9 ng/L, respectively. 2-Methylisoborneol was dominant during the live growth phase of cyanobacterial blooms, whereas DMS and DMTS were dominant during the decomposition phase. Dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll a were negatively correlated with DMS, DMTS, and beta-cyclocitral, whereas total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and ammonium (NH(4+)-N) were positively correlated with DMS, DMTS, beta3-cyclocitral, and beta-ionone. The experimental results suggested that preventing the anaerobic decomposition of cyanobacterial blooms is an important strategy against the recurrence of a malodor crisis in Lake Taihu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Ma
- Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donghu South Road 7, Wuhan 430072, China
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Qi M, Chen J, Sun X, Deng X, Niu Y, Xie P. Development of models for predicting the predominant taste and odor compounds in Taihu Lake, China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51976. [PMID: 23284835 PMCID: PMC3526486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste and odor (T&O) problems, which have adversely affected the quality of water supplied to millions of residents, have repeatedly occurred in Taihu Lake (e.g., a serious odor accident occurred in 2007). Because these accidents are difficult for water resource managers to forecast in a timely manner, there is an urgent need to develop optimum models to predict these T&O problems. For this purpose, various biotic and abiotic environmental parameters were monitored monthly for one year at 30 sites across Taihu Lake. This is the first investigation of this huge lake to sample T&O compounds at the whole-lake level. Certain phytoplankton taxa were important variables in the models; for instance, the concentrations of the particle-bound 2-methylisoborneol (p-MIB) were correlated with the presence of Oscillatoria, whereas those of the p-β-cyclocitral and p-β-ionone were correlated with Microcystis levels. Abiotic factors such as nitrogen (TN, TDN, NO3-N, and NO2-N), pH, DO, COND, COD and Chl-a also contributed significantly to the T&O predictive models. The dissolved (d) T&O compounds were related to both the algal biomass and to certain abiotic environmental factors, whereas the particle-bound (p) T&O compounds were more strongly related to the algal presence. We also tested the validity of these models using an independent data set that was previously collected from Taihu Lake in 2008. In comparing the concentrations of the T&O compounds observed in 2008 with those concentrations predicted from our models, we found that most of the predicted data points fell within the 90% confidence intervals of the observed values. This result supported the validity of these models in the studied system. These models, basing on easily collected environmental data, will be of practical value to the water resource managers of Taihu Lake for evaluating the probability of T&O accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qi
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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A versatile cryo-focussing flow switching gas chromatography inlet for trace analysis of intractable compounds. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1257:171-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Deng X, Xie P, Qi M, Liang G, Chen J, Ma Z, Jiang Y. Microwave-assisted purge-and-trap extraction device coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of five predominant odors in sediment, fish tissues, and algal cells. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1219:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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