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Hanc A, Enev V, Hrebeckova T, Klucakova M, Pekar M. Characterization of humic acids in a continuous-feeding vermicomposting system with horse manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 99:1-11. [PMID: 31454594 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing numbers of kept horses create problems with processing horse manure as important local waste. This work was focused on horse manure vermicomposting in a real-field continuous-feeding system under controlled conditions, and on the complex study of the maturity and stability of the produced vermicompost. Commonly used simple indicators such as the C/N ratio, N-NH4+/N-NO3- ratio, DOC or ion exchange capacity, and also more advanced spectroscopic and thermoanalytic techniques were used and applied on the humic substances isolated from the vermicompost during its maturation (12 months in total). When compared with the original horse manure, vermicomposting decreased the aliphatic, protein-like, and polysaccharide humic components, whereas vermicomposting increased the aromaticity and contents of oxygen-containing functional groups. The typical tryptophan-like fluorophores in the manure, corresponding to the freshly produced organic matter of biological or microbial origin, were progressively transformed to humic-like fluorophores during vermicomposting. The most thermally labile humic fraction disappeared quickly during the very early vermicomposting stages. The results of spectroscopic and thermogravimetric analyses suggest that stable and mature vermicompost was produced after 6-9 months of vermicomposting, which was also supported by biologically-based maturity indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Hanc
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Enev
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hrebeckova
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Klucakova
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Pekar
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
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Slomberg DL, Ollivier P, Miche H, Angeletti B, Bruchet A, Philibert M, Brant J, Labille J. Nanoparticle stability in lake water shaped by natural organic matter properties and presence of particulate matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:338-346. [PMID: 30513425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Predicting nanoparticle (NP) fate in the environment continues to remain a challenge, especially for natural surface water systems, where NPs can hetero-aggregate with natural organic and mineral suspended matter. Here we present the interactions and aggregation behavior of TiO2 NPs with natural organic matter (NOM) in a natural lake water. NP fate in a synthetic water of the same pH and ionic composition was also tested in the presence and absence of NOM analogs to gain insight into the different stabilizing effects of each NOM type. Several complementary analytical techniques were utilized to assess lake NOM composition, including pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, the polarity rapid-assessment method, and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. In the natural lake water, the TiO2 NPs preferentially interacted with mostly anionic NOM of high and medium molecular weight (~1200-1450 and 400-520 Da). Specifically, strong interactions with proteins and polyhydroxy aromatics were observed. NP fate and stability were determined in both raw lake water containing mineral particulate matter and total NOM (NOMtot) and filtered lake water containing only NOM <0.8 μm (NOM<0.8), with different aggregation profiles observed over time. Additionally, three times the number of TiO2 NPs remained in suspension when only NOM<0.8 was present compared to the unfiltered water containing mineral particulate matter and NOMtot. These results demonstrate the contrasting NP fates in the aquatic environment according to the presence of NOMtot vs. NOM<0.8 and further suggest that the use of pure NOM analogs may not accurately represent NP interactions and fate in the natural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Slomberg
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Patrick Ollivier
- BRGM, 3 av. C. Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - Hélène Miche
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Bernard Angeletti
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Auguste Bruchet
- Centre International de Recherche Sur l'Eau et l'Environnement (CIRSEE)-Suez Environnement, 38 Rue du Président Wilson, F-78230 Le Pecq, France
| | - Marc Philibert
- Centre International de Recherche Sur l'Eau et l'Environnement (CIRSEE)-Suez Environnement, 38 Rue du Président Wilson, F-78230 Le Pecq, France
| | - Jonathan Brant
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Jérôme Labille
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France.
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Olk DC, Bloom PR, Perdue EM, McKnight DM, Chen Y, Farenhorst A, Senesi N, Chin YP, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hertkorn N, Harir M. Environmental and Agricultural Relevance of Humic Fractions Extracted by Alkali from Soils and Natural Waters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:217-232. [PMID: 30951132 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2019.02.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To study the structure and function of soil organic matter, soil scientists have performed alkali extractions for soil humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) fractions for more than 200 years. Over the last few decades aquatic scientists have used similar fractions of dissolved organic matter, extracted by resin adsorption followed by alkali desorption. Critics have claimed that alkali-extractable fractions are laboratory artifacts, hence unsuitable for studying natural organic matter structure and function in field conditions. In response, this review first addresses specific conceptual concerns about humic fractions. Then we discuss several case studies in which HA and FA were extracted from soils, waters, and organic materials to address meaningful problems across diverse research settings. Specifically, one case study demonstrated the importance of humic substances for understanding transport and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants. An understanding of metal binding sites in FA and HA proved essential to accurately model metal ion behavior in soil and water. In landscape-based studies, pesticides were preferentially bound to HA, reducing their mobility. Compost maturity and acceptability of other organic waste for land application were well evaluated by properties of HA extracted from these materials. A young humic fraction helped understand N cycling in paddy rice ( L.) soils, leading to improved rice management. The HA and FA fractions accurately represent natural organic matter across multiple environments, source materials, and research objectives. Studying them can help resolve important scientific and practical issues.
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Yu M, He X, Liu J, Wang Y, Xi B, Li D, Zhang H, Yang C. Characterization of isolated fractions of dissolved organic matter derived from municipal solid waste compost. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:275-283. [PMID: 29665545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the heterogeneous evolution characteristics of dissolved organic matter fractions derived from compost is crucial to exploring the composting biodegradation process and the possible applications of compost products. Herein, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy integrated with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography were utilized to obtain the molecular weight (MW) and polarity evolution characteristics of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and the hydrophilic (HyI) fractions during composting. The high-MW humic substances and building blocks in the HA fraction degraded faster during composting than polymers, proteins, and organic colloids. Similarly, the low MW acid FA factions transformed faster than the low weight neutral fractions, followed by building blocks, and finally polymers, proteins, and organic colloids. The evolutions of HyI fractions during composting occurred first for building blocks, followed by low MW acids, and finally low weight neutrals. With the progress of composting, the hydrophobic properties of the HA and FA fractions were enhanced. The degradation/humification process of the hydrophilic and transphilic components was faster than that of the hydrophobic component. Compared with the FA and HyI fractions, the HA fraction exhibited a higher MW and increased hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minda Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jiaomei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- Hebei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050030, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Zahmatkesh M, Spanjers H, van Lier JB. Fungal treatment of humic-rich industrial wastewater: application of white rot fungi in remediation of food-processing wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2752-2762. [PMID: 28024460 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1276969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of fungal treatment of a real industrial wastewater (WW), providing insight into the main mechanisms involved and clarifying some ambiguities and uncertainties in the previous reports. In this regard, the mycoremediation potentials of four strains of white rot fungi (WRF): Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius were tested to remove humic acids (HA) from a real humic-rich industrial treated WW of a food-processing plant. The HA removal was assessed by color measurement and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis. T. versicolor showed the best decolorization efficiency of 90% and yielded more than 45% degradation of HA, which was the highest among the tested fungal strains. The nitrogen limitation was studied and results showed that it affected the fungal extracellular laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities. The results of the SEC analysis revealed that the mechanism of HA removal by WRF involves degradation of large HA molecules to smaller molecules, conversion of HA to fulvic acid-like molecules and also biosorption of HA by fungal mycelia. The effect of HS on the growth of WRF was investigated and results showed that the inhibition or stimulation of growth differs among the fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Zahmatkesh
- a Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water management , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Henri Spanjers
- a Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water management , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Jules B van Lier
- a Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water management , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
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Spranger T, van Pinxteren D, Herrmann H. Two-Dimensional Offline Chromatographic Fractionation for the Characterization of Humic-Like Substances in Atmospheric Aerosol Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5061-5070. [PMID: 28333457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbon in atmospheric particles comprises a large fraction of chromatographically unresolved compounds, often referred to as humic-like substances (HULIS), which influence particle properties and impact climate, human health, and ecosystems. To better understand its composition, a two-dimensional (2D) offline method combining size-exclusion (SEC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using a new spiked gradient profile is presented. It separates HULIS into 55 fractions of different size and polarity, with estimated ranges of molecular weight and octanol/water partitioning coefficient (log P) from 160-900 g/mol and 0.2-3.3, respectively. The distribution of HULIS within the 2D size versus polarity space is illustrated with heat maps of ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm. It is found to strongly differ in a small example set of samples from a background site near Leipzig, Germany. In winter, the most intense signals were obtained for the largest molecules (>520 g/mol) with low polarity (log P ∼ 1.9), whereas in summer, smaller (225-330 g/mol) and more polar (log P ∼ 0.55) molecules dominate. The method reveals such differences in HULIS composition in a more detailed manner than previously possible and can therefore help to better elucidate the sources of HULIS in different seasons or at different sites. Analyzing Suwannee river fulvic acid as a common HULIS surrogate shows a similar polarity range, but the sizes are clearly larger than those of atmospheric HULIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Spranger
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS) , Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik van Pinxteren
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS) , Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS) , Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Zahmatkesh M, Spanjers H, Toran MJ, Blánquez P, van Lier JB. Bioremoval of humic acid from water by white rot fungi: exploring the removal mechanisms. AMB Express 2016; 6:118. [PMID: 27878568 PMCID: PMC5120169 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve white rot fungi (WRF) strains were screened on agar plates for their ability to bleach humic acid (HA). Four fungal strains were selected and tested in liquid media for removal of HA. Bioremediation was investigated by HA color removal and changes in the concentration and molecular size distribution of HA by size exclusion chromatography. Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed the highest HA removal efficiency, reaching about 80%. Laccase and manganese peroxidase were measured as extracellular enzymes and their relation to the HA removal by WRF was investigated. Results indicated that nitrogen limitation could enhance the WRF extracellular enzyme activity, but did not necessarily increase the HA removal by WRF. The mechanism of bioremediation by WRF was shown to involve biosorption of HA by fungal biomass and degradation of HA to smaller molecules. Also, contradicting previous reports, it was shown that the decolorization of HA by WRF could not necessarily be interpreted as degradation of HA. Biosorption experiments revealed that HA removal by fungal biomass is dependent not only on the amount of biomass as the sorbent, but also on the fungal species. The involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was confirmed by comparing the HA removal capability of fungi with and without the presence of a CYP inhibitor. The ability of purified laccase from WRF to solely degrade HA was proven and the importance of mediators was also demonstrated.
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Determination of phytate in high molecular weight, charged organic matrices by two-dimensional size exclusion-ion chromatography. Talanta 2016; 156-157:6-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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XIE XM, SUN WY, HUANG JY, Polachi N, TONG L, SUN GX. Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography-based Multidimensional Chromatography and Its Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mao L, Young SD, Bailey EH. Lability of copper bound to humic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 131:201-208. [PMID: 25863164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Geochemical speciation models generally include the assumption that all metal bound to humic acid and fulvic acid (HA, FA) is labile. However, in the current study, we determined the presence of a soluble 'non-labile' Cu fraction bound to HA extracted from grassland and peat soils. This was quantified by determining isotopically-exchangeable Cu (E-value) and EDTA-extraction of HA-bound Cu, separated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and assayed by coupled ICP-MS. Evidence of time-dependent Cu fixation by HA was found during the course of an incubation study (160 d); up to 50% of dissolved HA-bound Cu was not isotopically exchangeable. This result was supported by extraction with EDTA where approximately 40% of Cu remained bound to HA despite dissolution in 0.05 M Na2-EDTA. The presence of a substantial non-labile metal fraction held by HA challenges the assumption of wholly reversible equilibrium which is central to current geochemical models of metal binding to humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Mao
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Scott D Young
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Elizabeth H Bailey
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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Liu WL, Wu CY, Li YT, Huang HY. Penicillin analyses by capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry with different charged poly(stearyl methacrylate–divinylbenzene) monoliths as stationary phases. Talanta 2012; 101:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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FUJITAKE N, ASAKAWA D, YANAGI Y. Characterization of Soil Humic Acids by 13C NMR Spectroscopy and High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2012. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.61.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daichi ASAKAWA
- Present Adress : Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences
| | - Yukiko YANAGI
- Present Adress : Faculty of Environmental Horticulture, Minami Kyushu University
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