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Sazykin I, Naumova E, Azhogina T, Klimova M, Karchava S, Khmelevtsova L, Chernyshenko E, Litsevich A, Khammami M, Sazykina M. Glyphosate effect on biofilms formation, mutagenesis and stress response of E. сoli. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132574. [PMID: 37748310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. There is still no complete clarity about the degree of its genotoxicity and mutagenicity. In addition, its effect on bacterial biofilms, the main life form of soil microbial communities, has not been adequately studied. Toxicity and mutagenicity, as well as changes in the bacterial biofilm biomass, physiological activity, and the number of living cells in its composition in the presence of glyphosate were assessed using the Escherichia coli model. To assess damage to cellular components under the action of this pesticide, luminescent whole-cell bacterial lux-biosensors were used. Changes in the level of mutagenesis were studied by the method of rifampicin mutants. High integral toxicity of glyphosate, the average level of increased oxidative stress and protein damage were shown with the help of bacterial biosensors. All the studied concentrations of the pesticide completely or partially suppress the matrix and structure of the E. coli CDC F-50 biofilm formation, as well as the bacterial cells metabolic activity in the biofilm. At the concentrations of 6.7 and 0.67 g/L, glyphosate suppresses mutagenesis, probably due to general suppression of metabolism, and at the concentration of 0.0067 g/L, it enhances mutagenesis by six times compared with the spontaneous level. Suppression of bacterial biofilms formation, toxic effects on microorganisms, and mutagenesis enhancement by glyphosate can lead to negative consequences for natural microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sazykin
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Naumova
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Azhogina
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Klimova
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Shorena Karchava
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila Khmelevtsova
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Chernyshenko
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Alla Litsevich
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Margarita Khammami
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Sazykina
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation.
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Sari R, Juho V, Katri S, Jaana UK. Determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid residues in Finnish soils by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MethodsX 2023; 11:102397. [PMID: 37791013 PMCID: PMC10542195 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] (GLY) adsorbs strongly in Finnish soils. A new method for GLY and its main degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues in clay soils (Protovertic Luvisol) was developed and validated. A new method was necessary because the previous one required laborious cleaning pre-treatments, and its recovery was quite poor (<40%-70%). In the new method, the earlier method's extraction solvent, 0.1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH), was replaced by more effective 0.6 M KOH. The old post-column high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence (HPLC-FLD) method was replaced by the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. Compounds were identified as their fluorenyl methyl chloroformate (FMOC) derivatives by a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technique and quantified by an internal standard method utilising multipoint matrix-matched calibration. Glufosinate-ammonium (GLUF) was used to monitor the effectiveness of extraction with good recovery (80-119%). All calibration curves were found to be linear (R2 ≥ 0.98) in the studied calibration range (0.01-3.31 mg kg-1 in fresh soil). The repeatability and reproducibility were 25% and 28% for GLY, and 20% and 24% for AMPA in real research soil samples. The method was effective throughout the calibration range in all the studied Finnish agricultural soils.•An improved method was created to analyse glyphosate (GLY) and AMPA in Finnish clay soil.•The challenge caused by strong GLY adsorption on soil was solved by using multipoint matrix-matched calibration curve samples which were prepared identically with the research samples.•The method performed well in all tested clay, loam and sandy loam soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rämö Sari
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, Jokioinen 31600, Finland
| | - Välimäki Juho
- MTT Agrifood Research, Finland
- current: KVVY Tutkimus Oy, Patamäenkatu 24, Tampere 33900, Finland
| | - Siimes Katri
- Finnish Environmental Institute (Syke), Latokartanonkaari 11, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Uusi-Kämppä Jaana
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, Jokioinen 31600, Finland
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Wang Y, Yu S, Li R, Wan J, Wang Y, Huo Z, Wu C, Mi L, Liu S. Simultaneous determination of three strong polarity herbicides in tea by ion chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464407. [PMID: 37748352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to lack of chromogenic groups and fluorescence groups, high boiling point, high polarity, low volatility, and small molecular weight of glyphosate, glufosinate and bentazone, the detection of three analyses were limited in all kinds of food. Herein, a method for the simultaneous determination of glyphosate, glufosinate and bentazone in tea by ion chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (IC-MS) was developed, which is without organic solvent and complex derivatization. The recoveries of three compounds in different teas (black tea, green tea, white tea) ranged from 80.40 % to 107.00 %, and the intraday precision (n = 6) ranged from 0.57 % to 9.90 %, the daytime precision ranged from 1.00 % to 5.30 %, the quantitative limit (LOQ) ranged from 0.36 to 1.30 µg/L, and the detection limit (LOD) ranged from 0.11 to 0.39 µg/L. Furthermore, the detection limit and quantitative limit of glyphosate, glufosinate and bentazone by this method are lower than other methods in real samples. Meanwhile, the established method was successfully applied to determine the terminal residues of the three analytes in twelve tea samples from commercial market. Therefore, this method can provide reliable technical support for the study of residue status in vegetables and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Institute of Forensic Science and Technology of Nanjing Public Security Bureau, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Suhua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zongli Huo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunyong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Li Mi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Songqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Xiao T, Chen Y, Xu Y, Song Y, Ren X, Wang W, Zhuang K, Chen X, Cai G. Higher urinary glyphosate exposure is associated with increased risk of liver dysfunction in adults: An analysis of NHANES, 2013-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30463-2. [PMID: 37858023 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) exposure, both exogenous and endogenous, is a global concern. Multiple studies of model systems in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated the potential toxic effects of GLY exposure on human organs, particularly the liver and renal system. However, there is currently limited epidemiological evidence establishing a link between GLY exposure and hepatorenal function in the general population. In this study, a multivariable linear regression model and forest plots were employed to evaluate the connection between urinary GLY and biomarkers of hepatorenal function in 2241 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, gender, race, BMI, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), AST/ALT and fibrosis 4 score (FIB-4) all increased with elevated urinary GLY concentrations after adjusting for potential confounders, while albumin (ALB) exhibited the opposite trend, particularly among younger, female, non-Hispanic white, overweight, and CKD participants. Furthermore, individuals in the third tertile had a greater risk of liver dysfunction than those in the first tertile after categorizing urinary GLY concentrations. However, our study showed no proof that GLY exposure affects the ratio of urine albumin to creatinine (ACR) or serum creatinine levels. Overall, these results imply that GLY exposure may have adverse effects on human liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqi Song
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Ren
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiting Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China.
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Ferreira NGC, da Silva KA, Guimarães ATB, de Oliveira CMR. Hotspots of soil pollution: Possible glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid risks on terrestrial ecosystems and human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108135. [PMID: 37647703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The study presents a literature review of glyphosate (GLY) occurrence and its breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in soils worldwide, but with a specific focus on South America. In addition, an ecological risk approach based on the ecotoxicological endpoints for key soil biota (e.g., collembolans, and earthworms) assessed the impact of GLY and AMPA on these organisms. A generic probabilistic model for human health risk was also calculated for the different world regions. For what reports the risk for edaphic species and the level of pollution under the worst-case scenario, the South American continent was identified as the region of most concern. Nonetheless, other areas may also be in danger, but no risk could be calculated due to the lack of data. Since tropical countries are the top food exporters worldwide, the results obtained in this study must be carefully examined for their implications on a global scale. Some of the factors behind the high levels of these two chemicals in soils are debated (e.g., permissive protection policies, the extensive use of genetically modified crops), and some possible guidelines are presented that include, for example, further environmental characterisation and management of pesticide residues. The present review integrates data that can be used as a base by policymakers and decision-makers to develop and implement environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno G C Ferreira
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Biosciences - Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Karlo Alves da Silva
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management (PPGAmb), Universidade Positivo (UP) and Centro de Pesquisa da Universidade Positivo (CPUP), Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 81280-330 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
- Laboratory of Biological Investigations, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Mara Ribas de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management (PPGAmb), Universidade Positivo (UP) and Centro de Pesquisa da Universidade Positivo (CPUP), Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 81280-330 Curitiba, Brazil.
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Parus A, Zdebelak O, Ciesielski T, Szumski R, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Framski G, Baranowski D, Niemczak M, Zembrzuska J, Cajthaml T, Heipieper HJ, Chrzanowski Ł. Can ionic liquids exist in the soil environment? Effect of quaternary ammonium cations on glyphosate sorption, mobility and toxicity in the selected herbicidal ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Determination of Glyphosate in White and Brown Rice with HPLC-ICP-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228049. [PMID: 36432148 PMCID: PMC9696991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In 2017, the European Commission renewed the approval of glyphosate (GLY) but only for five years. GLY remains one of the most controversial and studied molecules. Method: A simplified method was tested for the determination of GLY in white rice (WR) and brown rice (BR), after extraction only with a methanol solution, by liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled mass triple quadrupole (HPLC-ICP-MS/MS) with a PRP-X100 anionic column. After performing a test on groundwater, the quantification of GLY in WR and BR was validated in terms of the LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, linearity, and the matrix effect. Results: The LOD was 0.0027 mg kg−1 for WR and 0.0136 mg kg−1 for BR. The LOQ was 0.0092 mg kg−1 for WR and 0.0456 mg kg−1 for BR. The mean recoveries were within 76−105% at three fortification levels. The relative standard deviation for the analysis (five replicates for three spike levels) was < 11% for both matrices. A linear response was confirmed in all cases in the entire concentration range (R2WR = 1.000 and R2BR = 0.9818). Conclusion: The proposed method could be considered useful for the determination of GLY in different types of rice and designed and adapted for other cereals. The matrix effect, quantified in BR matrix extraction, could be avoided by using a matrix-matched calibration line.
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Wang K, Geng Y, Dong Z, Pan X, Wu X, Xu J, Gao H, Dong F, Zheng Y. Simultaneous determination of glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium and their metabolites in maize and soybean by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3850-3858. [PMID: 36128953 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01298g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium are non-selective, broad spectrum herbicides for controlling grasses in agriculture and forestry. Rapid and sensitive analytical methods for effective monitoring and subsequent risk control of glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium and their metabolites in crops are not available. In this paper, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, and their metabolites in maize and soybean by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was established. The seven compounds were well separated on an anion exchange analytical column within 10 min, with the mean recoveries of the target compounds ranging from 78.2 to 110.9%. The method showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9819) with a limit of quantification for glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, and their metabolites of 0.01 mg kg-1 in both maize and soybean. The method simplifies and expedites the sample preparation procedures, overcomes the traditional disadvantages including derivatization, weak retention, and low sensitivity, and has been successfully validated in actual maize and soybean samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Geng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhe Dong
- Syngenta Group China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Haixiang Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wimmer B, Neidhardt H, Schwientek M, Haderlein SB, Huhn C. Phosphate addition enhances alkaline extraction of glyphosate from highly sorptive soils and aquatic sediments. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2550-2559. [PMID: 35322519 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analytical constraints complicate environmental monitoring campaigns of the herbicide glyphosate and its major degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA): their strong sorption to soil minerals requires harsh extraction conditions. Coextracted matrix compounds impair downstream analysis and must be removed before analysis. RESULTS A new extraction method combined with subsequent capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for derivatization-free analysis of glyphosate and AMPA in soil and sediment was developed and applied to a suite of environmental samples. It was compared to three extraction methods from literature. We show that no extraction medium reaches 100% recovery. The new phosphate-supported alkaline extraction method revealed (1) high recoveries of 70-90% for soils and aquatic sediments, (2) limits of detections below 20 μg kg-1 , and (3) a high robustness, because impairing matrix components (trivalent cations and humic acids) were precipitated prior to the analysis. Soil and sediment samples collected around Tübingen, Germany, revealed maximum glyphosate and AMPA residues of 80 and 2100 μg kg-1 , respectively, with residues observed along a core of lake sediments. Glyphosate and/or AMPA were found in 40% of arable soils and 57% of aquatic sediment samples. CONCLUSION In this work, we discuss soil parameters that influence (de)sorption and thus extraction. From our results we conclude that residues of glyphosate in environmental samples are easily underestimated. With its possible high throughput, the method presented here can resolve current limitations in monitoring campaigns of glyphosate by addressing soil and aquatic sediment samples with critical sorption characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Wimmer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Neidhardt
- Geoscience, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Lin JF, Chang FC, Sheen JF. Determination of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate in river water and sediments using microwave-assisted rapid derivatization and LC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:46282-46292. [PMID: 35169944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) and glufosinate (ammonium dl-homoalanin- 4-methyl phosphinate) are nonselective, broad-spectrum, and highly polar herbicides that are wildly used for weed control in aquatic systems and vegetation control in non-crop areas. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the major degradation product of glyphosate. To address the concerns to its environmental residue and the possible adverse effects, the analytical methods by using microwave-assisted derivatization were developed for determining glyphosate, AMPA, and glufosinate in river water and sediments. The methods applied the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC-Cl) derivatization for the analytes. The microwave heating is first-time applied to reduce the FMOC-reaction time of glyphosate, AMPA, and glyphosate in the environmental samples to less than 2.5 min. The microwave-assisted methods were successfully validated for river water and sediment. The linear ranges of 7.8-2000.0 ng/L and 0.78-100.0 ng/g were achieved by using 10 mL of water and 2 g of sediments. Glyphosate was found in 30/32% and 25/32% of 32 water and 32 sediments at 27.1-1353.9 ng/L and 2.4-189.6 ng/g levels. AMPA was found in 30/32% and 30/32% of 32 water and 32 sediments at 60.2-1509.0 ng/L and 1.8-233.6 ng/g levels. Glyphosate was found in 10/32% of 32 water at 14.8-503.1 ng/L levels. No glufosinate residue was observed for 32 sediments. The residues of glyphosate and AMPA were wildly detected in the river waters and sediments near the agricultural regions, and glufosinate was less detected. This is the first study that reported herbicide levels in water and sediment from Taiwan rural areas using microwave-assisted rapid derivatization, useful information for environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Fong Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chih Chang
- College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, The Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Nan-Tou 557, Taipie, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Feng Sheen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632, Taiwan.
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Martinez-Haro M, Chinchilla JM, Camarero PR, Viñuelas JA, Crespo MJ, Mateo R. Determination of glyphosate exposure in the Iberian hare: A potential focal species associated to agrosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153677. [PMID: 35122841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide. It is a small and highly polar pesticide whose physicochemical properties makes its analytical determination difficult. Here, a procedure based on liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) was developed for glyphosate determination in samples of gastric content from wildlife. Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis), a herbivorous mammal species, strongly associated to agrosystems was selected as model species. The procedure involves direct analysis of sample without derivatization or instead of neither further cleaning steps. The procedure was validated by inter-day accuracy and precision studies with gastric content of hare spiked with glyphosate at ecologically relevant concentrations for the species (0.1-6 μg/g), and with 1 μg/g of isotopically labelled internal standard (glyphosate-2-13C,15N). Finally, glyphosate residues in hunted animals from pesticide-treated and pesticide-free areas (n = 75 and 28, respectively), as well as from hares found dead in the field (n = 11) were analysed. The linearity of both standards in extraction solutions and procedural calibration curves with spiked samples was similar, both with determination coefficients (r2) higher than 0.99. Satisfactory recoveries in spiked samples were achieved within the range of 95% to 118% (CV ≤ 20%). The limit of detection of glyphosate in hare gastric content was 0.03 μg/g. Prevalence of glyphosate in hunted animals from pesticide-treated areas ranged between 9 and 22%, increasing to 45% in animals found dead. The glyphosate concentrations detected in the gastric content of hares ranged from 0.11 to 16 μg/g. No residues were detected in animals from pesticide-free areas. In practice, the developed methodology may be particularly useful in the context of research and other work on the exposure in wildlife of one of the most used pesticides nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Martinez-Haro
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla La Mancha (IRIAF), CIAG del Chaparrillo, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Chinchilla
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo R Camarero
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jose Alberto Viñuelas
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla La Mancha (IRIAF), CIAPA de Marchamalo, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
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Validation of a simple method for the determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in human urine by UPLC-MS/MS. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Kim L, Baek S, Son K, Lee HD, Choi DS, Kim CJ, Noh HH. Effective and rugged analysis of glyphosate, glufosinate, and metabolites in Tenebrio molitor larva (mealworms) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17597. [PMID: 34475419 PMCID: PMC8413439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenebrio molitor larva (mealworms) has recently attracted attention as a protein source for food and feed. The larva is generally fed with wheat bran, which can be possibly contaminated with glyphosate. To establish food safe standards, a rugged and effective analytical method for glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, glufosinate, and their metabolites including 3-methylphosphinico-propionic acid, and N-acetyl glufosinate, in mealworms was optimized using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An anionic polar pesticide column was used due to its high suitability for glyphosate. Acidified water and acetonitrile were used to extract the target compounds without contribution from various fatty and pigment interferences derived from brownish insects. Seven different clean-up procedures ((1) 50 mg C18 (2) 20 mg C18/Z-sep (3) PRiME hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridge (4) 75 mg Z-sep, (5) 75 mg Z-sep+, (6) EMR-lipid cartridge, and (7) 50 mg ENVI-Carb) were compared. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, PRiME HLB was selected for clean-up. The recoveries of the target compounds were ranged from 86 to 96% with < 20% relative standard deviations. Therefore, this simple and effective method can be applied for the two pesticides and their metabolites in other edible insects or high-fat matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leesun Kim
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujn Baek
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Son
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Lee
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Soon Choi
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jo Kim
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Noh
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Delhomme O, Rodrigues A, Hernandez A, Chimjarn S, Bertrand C, Bourdat-Deschamps M, Fritsch C, Pelosi C, Nélieu S, Millet M. A method to assess glyphosate, glufosinate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in soil and earthworms. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462339. [PMID: 34161838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new sensitive and selective analytical methodology to quantify glyphosate (GLY), aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate (GLU) in both soil and earthworms (Allolobophora chlorotica) was developed. The extraction and purification methods were optimized. The samples were extracted with various aqueous solutions (HNO3, H2O, KOH and borate buffer) and derivatized with 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOCCl). To optimize the extraction step, a method to remove the excess FMOCCl was applied based on liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether. The purification of derivatized extracts was carried out using XLB solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges before internal standard quantification by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The elution step was optimized to obtain the best recoveries possible, which was with acidic methanol (1% formic acid) (67% for GLY, 70% for GLU and 65% for AMPA). The extraction and purification method followed by analysis of the two herbicides and AMPA in soils using LC/MS/MS determined limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 0.030 μg g - 1 for GLY, 0.025 μg g - 1 for AMPA and 0.020 µg g - 1 for GLU . For earthworms, LOQ were 0.23 μg g - 1 for GLY, 0.20 μg g - 1 for AMPA and 0.12 μg g - 1 for GLU. . The developed method was applied to determine these compounds in natural soils and earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Delhomme
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7515, ICPEES, 67087, Strasbourg, France; Université de Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Anaïs Rodrigues
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7515, ICPEES, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ana Hernandez
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7515, ICPEES, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Supansa Chimjarn
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7515, ICPEES, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles, France
| | | | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Usc INRAE, 16 route de Gray 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Maurice Millet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7515, ICPEES, 67087, Strasbourg, France
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Meftaul IM, Venkateswarlu K, Annamalai P, Parven A, Megharaj M. Glyphosate use in urban landscape soils: Fate, distribution, and potential human and environmental health risks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112786. [PMID: 34030020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This novel study investigated the fate and distribution in soils, and potential exposure risk of glyphosate, an extensively used herbicide in urban landscapes. The rate-determining step of glyphosate sorption in urban soils involved chemisorption processes through exchange or sharing of electrons that followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. As evidenced by the Freundlich isotherm model, glyphosate gets partitioned into heterogeneous surfaces of soil organic matter (OM) and clay minerals, and then diffused into soil micropores. The principal component analysis revealed that soil OM (R2 = 0.873), oxides of Al (R2 = 0.361) and Fe (R2 = 0.126), and contents of clay (R2 = 0.061) and silt (R2 = 0.432) were positively correlated with the distribution coefficient (Kd) of glyphosate, while alkaline pH (R2 = -0.389) and sand content (R2 = -0.343) negatively correlated with the Kd values. Well-decomposed soil OM, consisting of C-H and CO functional groups, enhanced glyphosate sorption, whereas partially decomposed/undecomposed OM facilitated desorption process. Desorption of glyphosate was favoured in seven of nine selected soils due to adverse hysteresis effects (HI = 0.74-1.0). The higher values of leachability index (0.31-1.0) and groundwater ubiquity score (1.60-3.44) calculated for the urban soils indicated the great leaching potential of glyphosate from soil surface to waterbodies. Use of glyphosate on impermeable surfaces might directly contaminate water sources and affect potability of water, non-target biota, and food safety. The calculated values of cancer risk (10-8‒10-12) and hazard quotient (1.47 × 10-6‒4.12 × 10-6) suggested that the human exposure to glyphosate-contaminated soils through dermal, ingestion and inhalation pathways might cause negligible or no carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans. Therefore, glyphosate should be applied judiciously at recommended concentrations in the urban landscapes, mainly on impervious surfaces, to minimize its health impacts in humans and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Meftaul
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, India
| | - Prasath Annamalai
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Aney Parven
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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16
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Meftaul IM, Venkateswarlu K, Dharmarajan R, Annamalai P, Asaduzzaman M, Parven A, Megharaj M. Controversies over human health and ecological impacts of glyphosate: Is it to be banned in modern agriculture? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114372. [PMID: 32203845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, introduced by Monsanto Company under the commercial name Roundup in 1974, became the extensively used herbicide worldwide in the last few decades. Glyphosate has excellent properties of fast sorption in soil, biodegradation and less toxicity to nontarget organisms. However, glyphosate has been reported to increase the risk of cancer, endocrine-disruption, celiac disease, autism, effect on erythrocytes, leaky-gut syndrome, etc. The reclassification of glyphosate in 2015 as 'probably carcinogenic' under Group 2A by the International Agency for Research on Cancer has been broadly circulated by anti-chemical and environmental advocacy groups claiming for restricted use or ban of glyphosate. In contrast, some comprehensive epidemiological studies involving farmers with long-time exposure to glyphosate in USA and elsewhere coupled with available toxicological data showed no correlation with any kind of carcinogenic or genotoxic threat to humans. Moreover, several investigations confirmed that the surfactant, polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), contained in the formulations of glyphosate like Roundup, is responsible for the established adverse impacts on human and ecological health. Subsequent to the evolution of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops and the extensive use of glyphosate over the last 45 years, about 38 weed species developed resistance to this herbicide. Consequently, its use in the recent years has been either restricted or banned in 20 countries. This critical review on glyphosate provides an overview of its behaviour, fate, detrimental impacts on ecological and human health, and the development of resistance in weeds and pathogens. Thus, the ultimate objective is to help the authorities and agencies concerned in resolving the existing controversies and in providing the necessary regulations for safer use of the herbicide. In our opinion, glyphosate can be judiciously used in agriculture with the inclusion of safer surfactants in commercial formulations sine POEA, which is toxic by itself is likely to increase the toxicity of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Meftaul
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Rajarathnam Dharmarajan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Prasath Annamalai
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Aney Parven
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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17
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Wimmer B, Pattky M, Zada LG, Meixner M, Haderlein SB, Zimmermann HP, Huhn C. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the direct analysis of glyphosate: method development and application to beer beverages and environmental studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4967-4983. [PMID: 32524371 PMCID: PMC7334262 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed and validated a CE-TOF-MS method for the quantification of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) and its major degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in different samples including beer, media from toxicological analysis with Daphnia magna, and sorption experiments. Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of very low pH, where glyphosate is still negatively charged but many matrix components become neutral or protonated, a very high separation selectivity was reached. The presence of inorganic salts in the sample was advantageous with regard to preconcentration via transient isotachophoresis. The advantages of our new method are the following: no derivatization is needed, high separation selectivity and thus matrix tolerance, speed of analysis, limits of detection suitable for many applications in food and environmental science, negligible disturbance by metal chelation. LODs for glyphosate were < 5 μg/L for both aqueous and beer samples, the linear range in aqueous samples was 5-3000 μg/L, for beer samples 10-3000 μg/L. For AMPA, LODs were 3.3 and 30.6 μg/L, and the linear range 10-3000 μg/L and 50-3000 μg/L, for aqueous and beer samples, respectively. Recoveries in beer samples for glyphosate were 94.3-110.7% and for AMPA 80.2-100.4%. We analyzed 12 German and 2 Danish beer samples. Quantification of glyphosate and AMPA was possible using isotopically labeled standards without enrichment, purification, or dilution, only degassing and filtration were required for sample preparation. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the method for other strong acids, relevant in food and environmental sciences such as N-acetyl glyphosate, N-acetyl AMPA (present in some glyphosate resistant crop), trifluoroacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, glufosinate and its degradation product 3-(methylphosphinico)propionic acid, oxamic acid, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Wimmer
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Pattky
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leyla Gulu Zada
- Center for Applied Geosciences, Environmental Mineralogy and Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Meixner
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Center for Applied Geosciences, Environmental Mineralogy and Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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18
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Tiago JPF, Sicupira LC, Barros RE, de Pinho GP, Silvério FO. Simultaneous and direct determination of glyphosate and AMPA in water samples from the hydroponic cultivation of eucalyptus seedlings using HPLC-ICP-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:558-565. [PMID: 32107966 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1733369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the main herbicide currently used in the world due to wide applicability and efficiency in controlling weeds in many crops. However, its overuse may lead to undesirable impacts on the environment and to human health in the long run. This present study aimed to optimize and validate solid phase extraction (SPE) using an anionic resin for the simultaneous and direct determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-ICP-MS/MS). The results showed that recovery percentage and relative standard deviation were 103.9 ± 7.9 and 99.40 ± 9.9% for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. The validation certified that the method was precise, accurate, linear, and selective, with a limit of quantification of 1.09 and 0.29 μg L-1 for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. The optimized methodology reached the concentration factor of 250 times and was successfully applied to analyze water samples from hydroponic cultivation of the eucalyptus seedlings. The results showed that the exudation process occurs at glyphosate doses starting from 2 L ha-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P F Tiago
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Lázaro C Sicupira
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo E Barros
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Gevany P de Pinho
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Flaviano O Silvério
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Brazil
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19
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Determination of etidronic acid in vegetable-washing water by a simple and validated quantitative 31P nuclear magnetic resonance method. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Rigobello-Masini M, Pereira EAO, Abate G, Masini JC. Solid-Phase Extraction of Glyphosate in the Analyses of Environmental, Plant, and Food Samples. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Spectrophotometric Detection of Glyphosate in Water by Complex Formation between Bis 5-Phenyldipyrrinate of Nickel (II) and Glyphosate. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A spectrophotometric method for the determination of glyphosate based on the monitoring of a complex formation between bis 5-phenyldipyrrinate of nickel (II) and the herbicide was developed. The method showed a short response time (10 s), high selectivity (very low interference from other pesticides and salts), and high sensitivity (LOD 2.07 × 10−7 mol/L, LOQ 9.87 × 10−7 mol/L, and a Kd from 1.75 × 10−6 to 6.95 × 10−6 mol/L). The Job plot showed that complex formation occurs with a 1:1 stoichiometry. The method was successfully applied in potable, urban, groundwater, and residual-treated water samples, showing high precision (0.34–2.9%) and accuracy (87.20–119.04%). The structure of the complex was elucidated through theoretical studies demonstrating that the nickel in the bis 5-phenyldipyrrinate forms a distorted octahedral molecular geometry by expanding its coordination number through one bond with the nitrogen and another with the oxygen of the glyphosate’ carboxyl group, at distances between 1.89–2.08 Å.
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22
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Muskus AM, Krauss M, Miltner A, Hamer U, Nowak KM. Effect of temperature, pH and total organic carbon variations on microbial turnover of 13C 315N-glyphosate in agricultural soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:697-707. [PMID: 30580222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the best-selling and the most-used broad-spectrum herbicide worldwide. Microbial conversion of glyphosate to CO2 and biogenic non-extractable residues (bioNER) leads to its complete degradation. The degradation of glyphosate may vary in different soils and it depends on environmental conditions and soil properties. To date, the influence of temperature, soil pH and total organic carbon (TOC) on microbial conversion of glyphosate to bioNER has not been investigated yet. The pH or TOC of an agricultural original soil (pH 6.6, TOC 2.1%) was modified using sulfuric acid or farmyard manure (FYM), respectively. Each treatment: original (I), 3% TOC (II), 4% TOC (III), pH 6.0 (IV) and pH 5.5 (V) was amended with 13C315N-glyphosate and incubated at 10 °C, 20 °C and 30 °C for 39 days. The temperature was the main factor controlling the mineralization and the extractable 13C315N-glyphosate, whereas higher TOC content and lower pH resulted in enhanced formation of 13C-bioNER. After 39 days the cumulative mineralization of 13C-glyphosate was in the range of 12-22% (10 °C), 37-47% (20 °C) and 43-54% (30 °C). Extractable residues of 13C-glyphosate were in the range of 10-21% (10 °C) and 4-10% (20 °C and 30 °C); whereas those of 15N-glyphosate were as follows 20-32% (10 °C) and 12-25% (20 °C and 30 °C). The 13C-NER comprised about 53-69% of 13C-mass balance in soils incubated at 10 °C, but 40-50% in soils incubated at 20 °C and 30 °C. The 15N-NER were higher than the 13C-NER and varied between 62% and 74% at 10 °C, between 53% and 81% at 20 °C and 30 °C. A major formation of 13C-bioNER (72-88% of 13C-NER) at 20 °C and 30 °C was noted in soil amended with FYM. An increased formation of 15N-bioNER (14-17% of 15N-NER) was also observed in FYM-amended soil. The xenobiotic 15N-NER had a major share within the 15N-NER and thus need to be considered when assessing the environmental risk of glyphosate-NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Muskus
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany; Pontifical Bolivarian University, Environmental Engineering Faculty, Km 7 Vía Piedecuesta, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Miltner
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Hamer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karolina M Nowak
- Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Santilio A, Pompili C, Giambenedetti A. Determination of glyphosate residue in maize and rice using a fast and easy method involving liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:205-210. [PMID: 30702393 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1550306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A fast and easy method was developed for the determination of glyphosate in maize and rice by using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with a Dionex Ion Pack column and phosphate buffer mobile phase. Samples were extracted with an acidified methanol solution. An isotope-labeled internal standard was added to the sample before extraction to ensure accurate tracking and quantification. The method's performance was evaluated through a series of assessments to determine the accuracy, precision, linearity, matrix effect, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The mean recoveries for both matrices were within 70-105% at three fortification levels, including the LOQ. The precision for replicates was <20% (RSD%) for both matrices. Good linearity (R2=0.9982) was obtained over the concentration range of 0.01-1.5 mg kg-1. The LOD was determined to be 0.002 mg kg-1 for rice and 0.004 mg kg-1 for maize. The LOQ was 0.01 mg kg-1 for both maize and rice. Due to its versatility, the proposed method could be considered useful for the determination of glyphosate in cereals in routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santilio
- a Department of Environmental and Health , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Pompili
- a Department of Environmental and Health , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Arianna Giambenedetti
- a Department of Environmental and Health , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
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Weng Z, Rose MT, Tavakkoli E, Van Zwieten L, Styles G, Bennett W, Lombi E. Assessing plant-available glyphosate in contrasting soils by diffusive gradient in thin-films technique (DGT). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:735-744. [PMID: 30064100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate represents one quarter of global herbicide sales, with growing interest in both its fate in soils and potential to cause non-target phytotoxicity to plants. However, assessing glyphosate bioavailability to plants from soil residues remains challenging. Here we demonstrate that the diffusive gradient in thin-films technique (DGT) can effectively measure available glyphosate across boundary conditions typical of the soil environment: pH 4-9, P concentrations of 20-300 μg P L-1 and NaHCO3 concentrations of 10-1800 mg L-1. In this study, four soils with different glyphosate sorption properties were dosed with up to 16 mg kg-1 of glyphosate and phytotoxicity to wheat and lupin was measured against the DGT-glyphosate concentrations. An improved dose response curve was obtained for root elongation of wheat and lupin across soil types when DGT-glyphosate was used instead of alkaline-extractable (i.e., total extractable) glyphosate. Total extractable glyphosate concentrations of 2.6 and 5.0 mg glyphosate kg-1 in the sandy Tenosol, equivalent to 2.9 and 6.5 μg L-1 DGT-extractable glyphosate, reduced the root length of lupins (but not wheat) by 32-36% compared with the untreated control. DGT is therefore a promising method for assessing phytotoxic levels of glyphosate across different soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Weng
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Michael T Rose
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
| | - Ehsan Tavakkoli
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| | - Lukas Van Zwieten
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia; School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gavin Styles
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - William Bennett
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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Faria RR, Neto LRDS, Guerra RF, Junior MFF, Oliveira GS, Franca EF. Parameters for glyphosate in OPLS-AA force field. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2018.1536294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto R. Faria
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia – UFU, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Renan F. Guerra
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia – UFU, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo F. Franca
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia – UFU, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Smith KA, Merrigan SD, Johnson-Davis KL. Selecting a Structural Analog as an Internal Standard for the Quantification of 6-Methylmercaptopurine by LC-MS/MS. J Appl Lab Med 2018; 3:384-396. [PMID: 33636909 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2018.026187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When choosing an analog internal standard (IS) in a quantitative LC-MS/MS assay, careful selection and thorough verification are important for developing an accurate quantitative assay. The IS is a critical component in quantitative mass spectrometry because it is used to normalize results by compensating for variations in sample preparation and instrument performance. Here we present the results of our investigation in the selection process for a structural analog IS (SA-IS) to be used in the quantification of 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) in cytolysed red blood cell (RBC). METHODS A cocktail solution of 9 SA-ISs including the isotopically labeled structural isomer and the 6-MMP stable isotope-labeled IS (SIL-IS) was spiked into cytolysed RBC controls and patient samples. Linearity, accuracy, sensitivity, precision, run stability, method comparison, and reinjection reproducibility experiments were performed. Ion suppression was also assessed by T-infusing the cocktail solution. RESULTS All analogs were linear from 100 to 1200 ng/mL 6-MMP with acceptable precision and sensitivity by use of a spiked blank lysate. Method comparison plots of 6-MMP concentrations in patient samples had excellent agreement for 2 of the SA-ISs (i.e., the isotopically labeled structural isomer and an SA-IS with an added methyl group) when compared to the SIL-IS. Halogen-substituted analogs (i.e., Cl and Br) also met the criteria as an acceptable IS. However, 2 of the selected SA-ISs having substituted amine moieties showed unacceptable performance, with ≥15% bias when compared to the SIL-IS. CONCLUSION There are many parameters to consider when determining if an analog will be a good IS choice, and the approaches highlighted in this article can be applied to the selection of SA-IS in the development of other LC-MS/MS assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Smith
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Stephen D Merrigan
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kamisha L Johnson-Davis
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT
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El-Gendy K, Mosallam E, Ahmed N, Aly N. Determination of glyphosate residues in Egyptian soil samples. Anal Biochem 2018; 557:1-6. [PMID: 30003881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive linker-assisted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (L'ELISA) was developed for the analysis of glyphosate in Egyptian soil samples. Polyclonal glyphosate antibodies were produced from rabbits immunized with glyphosate protein conjugate. The conjugate was prepared by activating the carboxylic groups of proteins; thyroglobulin or bovine serum albumin with 1-ethyl-3- (3-diaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide followed by directly coupled to the amino group of glyphosate. The L'ELISA used succinic anhydride to derivatize glyphosate, which mimics the epitopic attachment of glyphosate to thyroglobulin. L'ELISA recognized the derivatized glyphosate with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.8 ng g-1 and sensitivity (IC50 value) of 0.018 μg g-1. The recovery values of the spiked soil samples with different concentrations of glyphosate were in the range of 87.4-97.2%. Good correlation was achieved between L'ELISA and conventional high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. This study demonstrated the utility and convenience of the sensitive, simple, practical and cost-effective L'ELISA method for glyphosate analysis in soil samples. Also, it is ideal for rapid screening of a large number of environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawther El-Gendy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman Mosallam
- Department of Mammalian Toxicology, Central Agricultural Pesticide Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nabila Ahmed
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nagat Aly
- Department of Mammalian Toxicology, Central Agricultural Pesticide Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt.
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28
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Liao Y, Berthion JM, Colet I, Merlo M, Nougadère A, Hu R. Validation and application of analytical method for glyphosate and glufosinate in foods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1549:31-38. [PMID: 29588098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A reliable and sensitive method was developed for simultaneous determination of glyphosate and glufosinate in various food products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on extraction, derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate and purification on solid phase extraction column, quantification was done by using isotopic-labeled analytes as internal standard and calibration in matrix. Good selectivity and sensitivity were achieved with a limit of quantification of 5 μg/kg. The recoveries of these two pesticides ranged from 91% to 114% with inter-day and relative standard deviation of 3.8-6.1% in five matrices of cereal group spiked at 5, 10, and 20 μg/kg. An accuracy profile was performed for method validation, demonstrating the accuracy and precision of the method for the studied food groups. The verification results in expanded food groups indicated extensive applicability for the analysis of glyphosate and glufosinate. Finally, the developed method was applied to analyze 136 food samples including milk-based baby foods from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety. Glyphosate residues were detected in two breakfast cereal samples (6.0 and 34 μg/kg). Glufosinate residues were found in a sample of boiled potatoes (9.8 μg/kg). No residues were detected in the other samples, including milk-based baby foods with limits of detection ranging from 1 to 2 μg/kg. The method has been applied for routine national monitoring of glyphosate and glufosinate in various foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liao
- INOVALYS - Le Mans, Official Laboratory of Analysis, 72018, France; Sichuan Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | | | - Isabelle Colet
- INOVALYS - Le Mans, Official Laboratory of Analysis, 72018, France
| | - Mathilde Merlo
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety(ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, Maisons-Alfort, 94701, France
| | - Alexandre Nougadère
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety(ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, Maisons-Alfort, 94701, France
| | - Renwei Hu
- INOVALYS - Le Mans, Official Laboratory of Analysis, 72018, France.
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Tittlemier SA, Drul D, Lake B, Zirdum T, Hammond E, Sobering D, Lin WJ, Tran M, Roscoe M. Evaluation of a Commercially Available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and a Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for the Analysis of Glyphosate in Wheat, Oats, Barley, Malt, and Lentils. Cereal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-01-17-0021-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dainna Drul
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benjamin Lake
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya Zirdum
- Industry Services, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Emily Hammond
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Debbie Sobering
- Industry Services, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Wen Jing Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Tran
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mike Roscoe
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Carranza CS, Barberis CL, Chiacchiera SM, Magnoli CE. Assessment of growth of Aspergillus spp. from agricultural soils in the presence of glyphosate. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:384-393. [PMID: 28882409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is one of the bases of the Argentine economy. Glyphosate is undoubtedly one of the most important herbicides used. The increasing consumption and the efficiency of glyphosate-based herbicides have encouraged several studies on their persistence in soils, their effects on soil microbiota and their degradation processes. Fungi have been reported as being the main herbicide-degrading microorganisms as well as the most tolerant to environmental stress conditions. This study evaluated the growth performance of Aspergillus section Flavi and Aspergillus niger aggregate strains on Czapek Dox media supplied with a commercial glyphosate formulation as sole source of carbon (CZC), phosphorus (CZP) or nitrogen (CZN). Six Aspergillus spp. strains were evaluated. Each medium was stab-inoculated with fungal spores from 7-day old cultures. Two measures of colony radii were taken daily. All of the Aspergillus section Flavi strains showed a significant increase (from 24 to 44%) in growth rate on the CZN medium, as compared to controls. The A. niger aggregate strains exhibited the same behavioral pattern under all the conditions tested, except on the CZN medium. Velutinous or slightly floccose colonies with abundant sporulation were observed on CZP. Moreover, the colonies produced sparse sporulation on CZC or CZN media, being their appearances completely different from those on the CZP medium. This study establishes that A. section Flavi and A. niger aggregate strains can grow in vitro in the presence of glyphosate, especially when it is used as a sole source of phosphorus or nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia S Carranza
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36 Km 601 (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carla L Barberis
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36 Km 601 (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Stella M Chiacchiera
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36 Km 601 (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carina E Magnoli
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36 Km 601 (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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31
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Sun L, Kong D, Gu W, Guo X, Tao W, Shan Z, Wang Y, Wang N. Determination of glyphosate in soil/sludge by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1502:8-13. [PMID: 28476318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the pollution caused due to glyphosate (Glyp) in soils and sludge, it is important to establish a set of standard determination techniques. In this work, the previously reported HPLC analytical method for determination of Glyp has been improved in order to be applied for all kinds of soils/sludge. The soil/sludge samples were extracted using sodium phosphate and trisodium citrate aqueous solutions. The extract was adjusted to pH 9 and contaminations were removed by washing with n-hexane. The method developed in this work further involves derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOC-Cl) followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence detection. The method was validated in three soil (red soil, black soil and paddy soil) and two sludge samples (lake and river sludge) from China and verified in six laboratories. A good linear relationship (correlation coefficients ≥0.999) was observed within the range of 0.005-0.5mg/L. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined to be 0.01mg/kg and 0.04mg/kg, respectively. The precision and accuracy were satisfactory with the relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 15% and the mean recovery values ranging from 75% to 110% (n=6), that spiked at three levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisi Sun
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyang Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Gu
- Jiangsu Zhengkang Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Guo
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqi Tao
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengjun Shan
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, China.
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32
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Ferreira MF, Franca EF, Leite FL. Unbinding pathway energy of glyphosate from the EPSPs enzyme binding site characterized by Steered Molecular Dynamics and Potential of Mean Force. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 72:43-49. [PMID: 28033555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of herbicides in the environment, like glyphosate, is extremely important to prevent contamination. Nanobiosensors stands out in the quantization process, because of the high selectivity, sensitivity and short response time of the method. In order to emulate the detection of glyphosate using a specific nanobiossensor through an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), this work carried out Steered Molecular Dynamics simulations (SMD) in which the herbicide was unbinded from the active site of the enzyme 5- enolpyruvylshikimate 3 phosphate synthase (EPSPS) along three different directions.After the simulations, Potential of Mean Force calculations were carried, from a cumulant expansion of Jarzynski's equation to obtain the profile of free energy of interaction between the herbicide and the active site of the enzyme in the presence of shikimate-3 substrate phosphate (S3P). The set of values for external work, had a Gaussian distribution. The PMF values ranged according to the directions of the unbindong pahway of each simulation, displaying energy values of 10.7, 14.7 and 19.5KJmol-1. The results provide a theoretical support in order to assist the construction of a specific nanobiossensor to quantify the glyphosate herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir F Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo F Franca
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio L Leite
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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33
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Nehmé R, Atieh C, Fayad S, Claude B, Chartier A, Tannoury M, Elleuch F, Abdelkafi S, Pichon C, Morin P. Microalgae amino acid extraction and analysis at nanomolar level using electroporation and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:558-566. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Carla Atieh
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Syntia Fayad
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Bérengère Claude
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Agnès Chartier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Mona Tannoury
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences II; Université Libanaise; Fanar Liban
| | - Fatma Elleuch
- Biotechnologie des algues, Département de Génie biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax; University of Sfax; Tunisia
- Centre de Biophysique moléculaire; et Université d'Orléans; France
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Biotechnologie des algues, Département de Génie biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax; University of Sfax; Tunisia
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique moléculaire; et Université d'Orléans; France
| | - Philippe Morin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
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Domingos Alves R, Romero-González R, López-Ruiz R, Jiménez-Medina ML, Garrido Frenich A. Fast determination of four polar contaminants in soy nutraceutical products by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8089-8098. [PMID: 27595581 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method based on a modified QuPPe (quick polar pesticide) extraction procedure coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was evaluated for the determination of four polar compounds (chlorate, fosetyl-Al, maleic hydrazide, and perchlorate) in nutraceutical products obtained from soy. Experimental conditions including extraction such as solvent, acidification, time, and clean-up sorbents were varied. Acidified acetonitrile (1 % formic acid, v/v) was used as extraction solvent instead of methanol (conventional QuPPe), which provides a doughy mixture which cannot be injected into the LC. Clean-up or derivatization steps were avoided. For analysis, several stationary phases were evaluated and Hypercarb (porous graphitic carbon) provided the best results. The optimized method was validated and recoveries ranged between 46 and 119 %, and correction factors can be used for quantification purposes bearing in mind that inter-day precision was equal to or lower than 17 %. Limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 4 to 100 μg kg-1. Soy-based nutraceutical products were analyzed and chlorate was detected in five samples at concentrations between 63 and 1642 μg kg-1. Graphical Abstract Analysis of polar compounds in soy-based nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Domingos Alves
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - M L Jiménez-Medina
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
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Gomez-Caballero A, Diaz-Diaz G, Bengoetxea O, Quintela A, Unceta N, Goicolea MA, Barrio RJ. Water compatible stir-bar devices imprinted with underivatised glyphosate for selective sample clean-up. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1451:23-32. [PMID: 27207580 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of stir bars with a new MIP based coating, for the selective sorptive extraction of the herbicide glyphosate (GLYP). Molecular imprinting of the polymer has directly been carried out employing underivatised GLYP as the template molecule. Due to the poor solubility of the target compound in organic solvents, the MIP methodology has been optimised for rebinding in aqueous media, being the synthesis and the rebinding steps carried out in water:methanol mixtures and pure aqueous media. The coating has been developed by radical polymerisation initiated by UV energy, using N-allylthiourea and 2-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate as functional monomers and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker. Mechanical stability of the coating has been improved using 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane in the polymerisation mixture. Under the optimised conditions, the MIP has demonstrated excellent selectivity for the target compound in the presence of structural analogues, including its major metabolites. The applicability of the proposed method to real matrices has also been assessed using river water and soil samples. Registered mean recoveries ranged from 90.6 to 97.3% and RSD values were below 5% in all cases, what confirmed the suitability of the described methodology for the selective extraction and quantification of GLYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gomez-Caballero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Goretti Diaz-Diaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Olatz Bengoetxea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Amaia Quintela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Nora Unceta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - M Aranzazu Goicolea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ramón J Barrio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Determination of Underivatized Glyphosate Residues in Plant-Derived Food with Low Matrix Effect by Solid Phase Extraction-Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Koskinen WC, Marek LJ, Hall KE. Analysis of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water, plant materials and soil. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:423-32. [PMID: 26454260 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for simple, fast, efficient and sensitive methods of analysis for glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in diverse matrices such as water, plant materials and soil to facilitate environmental research needed to address the continuing concerns related to increasing glyphosate use. A variety of water-based solutions have been used to extract the chemicals from different matrices. Many methods require extensive sample preparation, including derivatization and clean-up, prior to analysis by a variety of detection techniques. This review summarizes methods used during the past 15 years for analysis of glyphosate and AMPA in water, plant materials and soil. The simplest methods use aqueous extraction of glyphosate and AMPA from plant materials and soil, no derivatization, solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns for clean-up, guard columns for separation and confirmation of the analytes by mass spectrometry and quantitation using isotope-labeled internal standards. They have levels of detection (LODs) below the regulatory limits in North America. These methods are discussed in more detail in the review.
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38
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A Robust Transferable Method for the Determination of Glyphosate Residue in Liver After Derivatization by Ultra-high Pressure Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Kruse J, Abraham M, Amelung W, Baum C, Bol R, Kühn O, Lewandowski H, Niederberger J, Oelmann Y, Rüger C, Santner J, Siebers M, Siebers N, Spohn M, Vestergren J, Vogts A, Leinweber P. Innovative methods in soil phosphorus research: A review. JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE = ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENERNAHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE 2015; 178:43-88. [PMID: 26167132 PMCID: PMC4497464 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201400327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for all life on Earth and, during the past decade, concerns about the future of its global supply have stimulated much research on soil P and method development. This review provides an overview of advanced state-of-the-art methods currently used in soil P research. These involve bulk and spatially resolved spectroscopic and spectrometric P speciation methods (1 and 2D NMR, IR, Raman, Q-TOF MS/MS, high resolution-MS, NanoSIMS, XRF, XPS, (µ)XAS) as well as methods for assessing soil P reactions (sorption isotherms, quantum-chemical modeling, microbial biomass P, enzymes activity, DGT, 33P isotopic exchange, 18O isotope ratios). Required experimental set-ups and the potentials and limitations of individual methods present a guide for the selection of most suitable methods or combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kruse
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of BonnNussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marion Abraham
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea ResearchSeestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wulf Amelung
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of BonnNussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christel Baum
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Roland Bol
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of RostockWismarsche Straße 43–45,18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans Lewandowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Niederberger
- Chair of Silviculture, Albert Ludwig University FreiburgTennenbacherstraße 4, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, Geosciences, University of TübingenRümelinstraße 19–23.72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Rüger
- Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of RostockDr.-Lorenzweg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jakob Santner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Meike Siebers
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of BonnKarlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Siebers
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marie Spohn
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University BayreuthDr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1–3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johan Vestergren
- Chemistry, Umeå University, Kemi A, plan 4, Linnaeus väg10 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Angela Vogts
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea ResearchSeestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Leinweber
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany e-mail:
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Zhang C, Hu X, Luo J, Wu Z, Wang L, Li B, Wang Y, Sun G. Degradation dynamics of glyphosate in different types of citrus orchard soils in China. Molecules 2015; 20:1161-75. [PMID: 25587790 PMCID: PMC6272633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate formulations that are used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide have been widely applied in agriculture, causing increasing concerns about residues in soils. In this study, the degradation dynamics of glyphosate in different types of citrus orchard soils in China were evaluated under field conditions. Glyphosate soluble powder and aqueous solution were applied at 3000 and 5040 g active ingredient/hm2, respectively, in citrus orchard soils, and periodically drawn soil samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the amount of glyphosate and its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in soils was reduced with the increase of time after application of glyphosate formulations. Indeed, the amount of glyphosate in red soil from Hunan and Zhejiang Province, and clay soil from Guangxi Province varied from 0.13 to 0.91 µg/g at 42 days after application of aqueous solution. Furthermore, the amount of glyphosate in medium loam from Zhejiang and Guangdong Province, and brown loam from Guizhou Province varied from less than 0.10 to 0.14 µg/g, while the amount of AMPA varied from less than 0.10 to 0.99 µg/g at 42 days after application of soluble powder. Overall, these findings demonstrated that the degradation dynamics of glyphosate aqueous solution and soluble powder as well as AMPA depend on the physicochemical properties of the applied soils, in particular soil pH, which should be carefully considered in the application of glyphosate herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Zhang
- MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Xiuqing Hu
- MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jinyan Luo
- Shanghai Extension and Service Center of Agriculture Technical, Shanghai 201103, China.
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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41
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Lanaro R, Costa JL, Cazenave SOS, Zanolli-Filho LA, Tavares MFM, Chasin AAM. Determination of herbicides paraquat, glyphosate, and aminomethylphosphonic acid in marijuana samples by capillary electrophoresis. J Forensic Sci 2015; 60 Suppl 1:S241-7. [PMID: 25413634 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two methods were developed to determine herbicides paraquat, glyphosate, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in marijuana samples by capillary electrophoresis. For paraquat analysis, sample was extracted with aqueous acetic acid solution and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis with direct UV detection. The running electrolyte was 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 2.50). For glyphosate and AMPA, indirect UV/VIS detection was used, as these substances do not present chromophoric groups. Samples were extracted with 5 mmol/L hydrochloric acid. The running electrolyte was 10 mmol/L gallic acid, 6 mmol/L TRIS, and 0.1 mmol/L CTAB (pH = 4.7). The methods presented good linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery. Paraquat was detected in 12 samples (n = 130), ranging from 0.01 to 25.1 mg/g. Three samples were positive for glyphosate (0.15-0.75 mg/g), and one sample presented AMPA as well. Experimental studies are suggested to evaluate the risks of these concentrations to marijuana user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lanaro
- Poison Control Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
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42
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Meyer-Monath M, Chatellier C, Rouget F, Morel I, Lestremau F. Development of a multi-residue method in a fetal matrix: analysis of meconium. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7785-97. [PMID: 25381610 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Meconium is the earliest stool of newborns. It is a complex matrix that reflects the degree of fetal exposure to environmental pollutants. To investigate exposure to xenobiotics, an analytical method was developed to identify and quantify some pesticides and their metabolites and BTEX metabolites in meconium. Samples were prepared by two liquid-solid extractions and purified twice using SPE cartridges, followed by analysis with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. SPE cartridges (polymeric phase with hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, ion exchange, mixed mode) were tested and matrix effects were evaluated to determine purification performance. The quantification limits in meconium of this multi-residue method were in the range of 30 ng g(-1). The analytical method was applied to "real" meconium samples. Some target analytes were determined in most samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Meyer-Monath
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Parc Technologique ALATA - BP 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
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Báez ME, Fuentes E, Espina MJ, Espinoza J. Determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in aqueous soil matrices: a critical analysis of the 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate derivatization reaction and application to adsorption studies. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3125-32. [PMID: 25137606 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of the environmental fate of glyphosate and its degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid) is of great interest given the widespread use of the herbicide. Studies of adsorption-desorption and transport processes in soils require analytical methods with sensitivity, accuracy, and precision suitable for determining the analytes in aqueous equilibrium solutions of varied complexity. In this work, the effect of factors on the yield of the derivatization of both compounds with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate for applying in aqueous solutions derived from soils was evaluated through factorial experimental designs. Interference effects coming from background electrolytes and soil matrices were established. The whole method had a linear response up to 640 ng/mL (R(2) > 0.999) under optimized conditions for high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Limits of detection were 0.6 and 0.4 ng/mL for glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid, respectively. The relative standard deviation was 4.4% for glyphosate (20 ng/mL) and 5.9% for aminomethylphosphonic acid (10 ng/mL). Adsorption of compounds on four different soils was assessed. Isotherm data fitted well the Freundlich model (R(2) > 0.97). Kf constants varied between 93 ± 3.1 and 2045 ± 157 for glyphosate and between 99 ± 4.1 and 1517 ± 56 (μg(1-1/) (n) mL(1/) (n) ( ) g(-1) ) for aminomethylphosphonic acid, showing the broad range of applicability of the proposed method.
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Optimization of diclofenac quantification from wastewater treatment plant sludge by ultrasonication assisted extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 958:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Mol HGJ, van Dam RCJ. Rapid detection of pesticides not amenable to multi-residue methods by flow injection–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6817-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Botero-Coy AM, Ibáñez M, Sancho JV, Hernández F. Direct liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of underivatized glyphosate in rice, maize and soybean. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:157-65. [PMID: 23891211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The residue determination of the widely used herbicide glyphosate (GLY) is highly problematic due to its amphoteric character, low mass and lack of chemical groups that might facilitate its detection. Most methods developed up to now have employed pre-column or post-column derivatization to form fluorescent derivatives and/or to reduce the polar character of the analyte facilitating its chromatographic retention. The aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of performing the direct LC-MS/MS determination of GLY residues in vegetables. After testing several Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) columns, Obelisc N was selected due to its better chromatographic retention. LC-MS/MS determination has been performed in negative ionization mode, monitoring up to four transitions to give high reliability to the identification/confirmation process. This approach has been evaluated for the determination of GLY residues in rice, maize and soybean samples, and the method validated at different concentrations in compliance with the maximum residue limits established in the current legislation. After sample extraction with water, a combination of extract dilution, partition with dichloromethane, and solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB cartridges (depending on the sample matrix under analysis) was applied. Quantification was made by using isotope-labeled GLY as internal standard and calibration in solvent. The methodology developed allows the rapid determination of GLY residues avoiding the derivatization step typically applied for this herbicide. The most critical issue is the robustness of the Obelisc N column, which was found to suffer rapid degradation with time. Extreme care and continuous testing of retention times and peak shapes is required for a reliable determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Botero-Coy
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellon 12071, Spain
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