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Bryson LJ, Joss S. How to use genetic testing after sudden infant death syndrome. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2022; 107:383-385. [PMID: 33436404 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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2
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Jiang C, Richardson E, Farr J, Hill AP, Ullah R, Kroncke BM, Harrison SM, Thomson KL, Ingles J, Vandenberg JI, Ng CA. A calibrated functional patch-clamp assay to enhance clinical variant interpretation in KCNH2-related long QT syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1199-1207. [PMID: 35688147 PMCID: PMC9300752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern sequencing technologies have revolutionized our detection of gene variants. However, in most genes, including KCNH2, the majority of missense variants are currently classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUSs). The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of an automated patch-clamp assay for aiding clinical variant classification in KCNH2. The assay was designed according to recommendations proposed by the Clinical Genome Sequence Variant Interpretation Working Group. Thirty-one variants (17 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 14 benign/likely benign) were classified internally as variant controls. They were heterozygously expressed in Flp-In HEK293 cells for assessing the effects of variants on current density and channel gating in order to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. All 17 pathogenic variant controls had reduced current density, and 13 of 14 benign variant controls had normal current density, which enabled determination of normal and abnormal ranges for applying evidence of moderate or supporting strength for VUS reclassification. Inclusion of functional assay evidence enabled us to reclassify 6 out of 44 KCNH2 VUSs as likely pathogenic. The high-throughput patch-clamp assay can provide moderate-strength evidence for clinical interpretation of clinical KCNH2 variants and demonstrates the value of developing automated patch-clamp assays for functional characterization of ion channel gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Jiang
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Ebony Richardson
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica Farr
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Computer Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam P Hill
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brett M Kroncke
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Kate L Thomson
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jamie I Vandenberg
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
| | - Chai-Ann Ng
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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3
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Moon RY, Carlin RF, Hand I. Evidence Base for 2022 Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment to Reduce the Risk of Sleep-Related Infant Deaths. Pediatrics 2022; 150:188305. [PMID: 35921639 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-057991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year in the United States, approximately 3500 infants die of sleep-related infant deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision [ICD-10] R95), ill-defined deaths (ICD-10 R99), and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ICD-10 W75). After a substantial decline in sleep-related deaths in the 1990s, the overall death rate attributable to sleep-related infant deaths have remained stagnant since 2000, and disparities persist. The triple risk model proposes that SIDS occurs when an infant with intrinsic vulnerability (often manifested by impaired arousal, cardiorespiratory, and/or autonomic responses) undergoes an exogenous trigger event (eg, exposure to an unsafe sleeping environment) during a critical developmental period. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a safe sleep environment to reduce the risk of all sleep-related deaths. This includes supine positioning; use of a firm, noninclined sleep surface; room sharing without bed sharing; and avoidance of soft bedding and overheating. Additional recommendations for SIDS risk reduction include human milk feeding; avoidance of exposure to nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opioids, and illicit drugs; routine immunization; and use of a pacifier. New recommendations are presented regarding noninclined sleep surfaces, short-term emergency sleep locations, use of cardboard boxes as a sleep location, bed sharing, substance use, home cardiorespiratory monitors, and tummy time. In addition, additional information to assist parents, physicians, and nonphysician clinicians in assessing the risk of specific bed-sharing situations is included. The recommendations and strength of evidence for each recommendation are published in the accompanying policy statement, which is included in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Rebecca F Carlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, New York
| | - Ivan Hand
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY-Downstate College of Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals, Kings County, Brooklyn, New York
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Yamada MM, Rosamilia MB, Chiswell KE, D'Ottavio A, Spears T, Osgood C, Miranda ML, Forestieri N, Li JS, Landstrom AP. Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death in North Carolina. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:770803. [PMID: 34956982 PMCID: PMC8703192 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.770803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexplained death of infants <1 year old. SIDS remains a leading cause of death in US infants. We aim to identify associations between SIDS and race/ethnicity, birth weight/gestational age, and socioeconomic/environmental factors in North Carolina (NC) to help identify infants at risk for SIDS. Methods and Results: In this IRB-approved study, infant mortality 2007-2016 and death certificate-linked natality 2007-2014 were obtained from the NC Department of Health and Human Services. General, NC natality statistics 2007-2016 were obtained from CDC Wonder. Association between SIDS/total infant death and covariates (below) were calculated. Total infant mortality decreased 2007-2016 by an average of 14 deaths/100,000 live births per year, while SIDS incidence remained constant. Risk ratios of SIDS/total infant deaths, standardized to Non-Hispanic White, were 1.76/2.41 for Non-Hispanic Black and 0.49/0.97 for Hispanic infants. Increased SIDS risk was significantly and independently associated with male infant sex, Non-Hispanic Black maternal race/ethnicity, young maternal age, low prenatal care, gestational age <39 weeks, birthweight <2500 g, low maternal education, and maternal tobacco use (p < 0.01). Maternal previous children now deceased also trended toward association with increased SIDS risk. Conclusions: A thorough SIDS risk assessment should include maternal, socioeconomic, and environmental risk factors as these are associated with SIDS in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merick M Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael B Rosamilia
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Karen E Chiswell
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alfred D'Ottavio
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Tracy Spears
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Claire Osgood
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IL, United States
| | - Nina Forestieri
- North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer S Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Mehboob R, Kurdi M, Ahmad M, Gilani SA, Khalid S, Nasief H, Mirdad A, Malibary H, Hakamy S, Hassan A, Alaifan M, Bamaga A, Shahzad SA. Comprehensive Analysis of Genes Associated With Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:742225. [PMID: 34722422 PMCID: PMC8555024 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.742225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic incident which remains a mystery even after post-mortem investigation and thorough researches. Methods: This comprehensive review is based on the genes reported in the molecular autopsy studies conducted on SIDS so far. A total of 20 original studies and 7 case reports were identified and included in this analysis. The genes identified in children or adults were not included. Most of the genes reported in these studies belonged to cardiac channel and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac channel genes in SIDS were scrutinized for further analysis. Results: After screening and removing the duplicates, 42 unique genes were extracted. When the location of these genes was assessed, it was observed that most of these belonged to Chromosomes 11, 1 and 3 in sequential manner. The pathway analysis shows that these genes are involved in the regulation of heart rate, action potential, cardiac muscle cell contraction and heart contraction. The protein-protein interaction network was also very big and highly interactive. SCN5A, CAV3, ALG10B, AKAP9 and many more were mainly found in these cases and were regulated by many transcription factors such as MYOG C2C1 and CBX3 HCT11. Micro RNA, "hsa-miR-133a-3p" was found to be prevalent in the targeted genes. Conclusions: Molecular and computational approaches are a step forward toward exploration of these sad demises. It is so far a new arena but seems promising to dig out the genetic cause of SIDS in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Mehboob
- Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.,Lahore Medical Research Center, LLP, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maher Kurdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mursleen Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Syed Amir Gilani
- Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Khalid
- Lahore Medical Research Center, LLP, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hisham Nasief
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University and Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Mirdad
- Pediatric Department, East Jeddah Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Malibary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Hakamy
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amber Hassan
- Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Meshari Alaifan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bamaga
- Paediatric Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Neurology and Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Adnan Shahzad
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Zaganas I, Mastorodemos V, Spilioti M, Mathioudakis L, Latsoudis H, Michaelidou K, Kotzamani D, Notas K, Dimitrakopoulos K, Skoula I, Ioannidis S, Klothaki E, Erimaki S, Stavropoulos G, Vassilikos V, Amoiridis G, Efthimiadis G, Evangeliou A, Mitsias P. Genetic cause of heterogeneous inherited myopathies in a cohort of Greek patients. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100682. [PMID: 33304817 PMCID: PMC7711282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited muscle disorders are caused by pathogenic changes in numerous genes. Herein, we aimed to investigate the etiology of muscle disease in 24 consecutive Greek patients with myopathy suspected to be genetic in origin, based on clinical presentation and laboratory and electrophysiological findings and absence of known acquired causes of myopathy. Of these, 16 patients (8 females, median 24 years-old, range 7 to 67 years-old) were diagnosed by Whole Exome Sequencing as suffering from a specific type of inherited muscle disorder. Specifically, we have identified causative variants in 6 limb-girdle muscular dystrophy genes (6 patients; ANO5, CAPN3, DYSF, ISPD, LAMA2, SGCA), 3 metabolic myopathy genes (4 patients; CPT2, ETFDH, GAA), 1 congenital myotonia gene (1 patient; CLCN1), 1 mitochondrial myopathy gene (1 patient; MT-TE) and 3 other myopathy-associated genes (4 patients; CAV3, LMNA, MYOT). In 6 additional family members affected by myopathy, we reached genetic diagnosis following identification of a causative variant in an index patient. In our patients, genetic diagnosis ended a lengthy diagnostic process and, in the case of Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and Pompe's disease, it enabled specific treatment to be initiated. These results further expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of inherited myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Zaganas
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Martha Spilioti
- AHEPA General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lambros Mathioudakis
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Helen Latsoudis
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kleita Michaelidou
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kotzamani
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Notas
- AHEPA General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Irene Skoula
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stefanos Ioannidis
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Klothaki
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sophia Erimaki
- Neurophysiology Unit, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Stavropoulos
- Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Vassilikos
- Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Amoiridis
- Neurophysiology Unit, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Efthimiadis
- AHEPA General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Evangeliou
- Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Mitsias
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Neurophysiology Unit, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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7
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Paludan-Müller C, Ghouse J, Vad OB, Herfelt CB, Lundegaard P, Ahlberg G, Schmitt N, Svendsen JH, Haunsø S, Bundgaard H, Hansen T, Kanters JK, Olesen MS. Reappraisal of variants previously linked with sudden infant death syndrome: results from three population-based cohorts. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1427-1435. [PMID: 31043699 PMCID: PMC6777469 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the pathogenicity of cardiac ion channel variants previously associated with SIDS. We reviewed SIDS-associated variants previously reported in databases and the literature in three large population-based cohorts; The ExAC database, the Inter99 study, and the UK Biobank (UKBB). Variants were classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Of the 92 SIDS-associated variants, 59 (64%) were present in ExAC, 18 (20%) in Inter99, and 24 (26%) in UKBB. Using the Inter99 cohort, we found no difference in J-point amplitude and QTc-interval between carriers and non-carriers for 14/18 variants. There was no difference in the risk of syncope (P = 0.32), malignant ventricular arrhythmia (P = 0.96), and all-cause mortality (P = 0.59) between carriers and non-carriers. The ACMG guidelines reclassified 75% of all variants as variant-of-uncertain significance, likely benign, and benign. We identified ~2/3 of variants previously associated with SIDS and found no significant associations with electrocardiographic traits, syncope, malignant ventricular arrhythmia, or all-cause mortality. These data indicate that many of these variants are not highly penetrant, monogenic causes of SIDS and underline the importance of frequent reappraisal of genetic variants to avoid future misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Paludan-Müller
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ghouse
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver B Vad
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie B Herfelt
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Lundegaard
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustav Ahlberg
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicole Schmitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Svendsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Haunsø
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Unit for Inherited Cardiac Diseases, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten S Olesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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8
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Hanany M, Sharon D. Allele frequency analysis of variants reported to cause autosomal dominant inherited retinal diseases question the involvement of 19% of genes and 10% of reported pathogenic variants. J Med Genet 2019; 56:536-542. [PMID: 30910914 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next generation sequencing (NGS) generates a large amount of genetic data that can be used to better characterise disease-causing variants. Our aim was to examine allele frequencies of sequence variants reported to cause autosomal dominant inherited retinal diseases (AD-IRDs). METHODS Genetic information was collected from various databases, including PubMed, the Human Genome Mutation Database, RETNET and gnomAD. RESULTS We generated a database of 1223 variants reported in 58 genes, including their allele frequency in gnomAD that contains NGS data of over 138 000 individuals. While the majority of variants are not represented in gnomAD, 138 had an allele count of >1 and were examined carefully for various aspects including cosegregation and functional analyses. The analysis revealed 122 variants that were reported pathogenic but unlikely to cause AD-IRDs. Interestingly, in some cases, these unlikely pathogenic variants were the only ones reported to cause disease in AD inheritance pattern for a particular gene, therefore raising doubt regarding the involvement of 11 (19%) of the genes in AD-IRDs. CONCLUSION We predict that these data are not limited to a specific disease or inheritance pattern since non-pathogenic variants were mistakenly reported as pathogenic in various diseases. Our results should serve as a warning sign for geneticists, variant database curators and sequencing panels' developers not to automatically accept reported variants as pathogenic but cross-reference the information with large databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Hanany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Crotti L, Ghidoni A, Dagradi F. Genetics of Adult and Fetal Forms of Long QT Syndrome. GENETIC CAUSES OF CARDIAC DISEASE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27371-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm 2018; 15:e73-e189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, Bryant WJ, Callans DJ, Curtis AB, Deal BJ, Dickfeld T, Field ME, Fonarow GC, Gillis AM, Granger CB, Hammill SC, Hlatky MA, Joglar JA, Kay GN, Matlock DD, Myerburg RJ, Page RL. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2018; 138:e272-e391. [PMID: 29084731 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William G Stevenson
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - William J Bryant
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - David J Callans
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Anne B Curtis
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Barbara J Deal
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Timm Dickfeld
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Michael E Field
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Anne M Gillis
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Christopher B Granger
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Stephen C Hammill
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Mark A Hlatky
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - José A Joglar
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - G Neal Kay
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Daniel D Matlock
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Robert J Myerburg
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Richard L Page
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
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12
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Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, Bryant WJ, Callans DJ, Curtis AB, Deal BJ, Dickfeld T, Field ME, Fonarow GC, Gillis AM, Granger CB, Hammill SC, Hlatky MA, Joglar JA, Kay GN, Matlock DD, Myerburg RJ, Page RL. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:e91-e220. [PMID: 29097296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Chatterjee NA. Cardiac Ion Channelopathies and Stillbirth. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018; 11:e002046. [PMID: 29874186 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neal A Chatterjee
- From the Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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14
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Campostrini G, Bonzanni M, Lissoni A, Bazzini C, Milanesi R, Vezzoli E, Francolini M, Baruscotti M, Bucchi A, Rivolta I, Fantini M, Severi S, Cappato R, Crotti L, J Schwartz P, DiFrancesco D, Barbuti A. The expression of the rare caveolin-3 variant T78M alters cardiac ion channels function and membrane excitability. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1256-1265. [PMID: 28898996 PMCID: PMC5852518 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Caveolinopathies are a family of genetic disorders arising from alterations of the caveolin-3 (cav-3) gene. The T78M cav-3 variant has been associated with both skeletal and cardiac muscle pathologies but its functional contribution, especially to cardiac diseases, is still controversial. Here, we evaluated the effect of the T78M cav-3 variant on cardiac ion channel function and membrane excitability. Methods and results We transfected either the wild type (WT) or T78M cav-3 in caveolin-1 knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts and found by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy that both are expressed at the plasma membrane and form caveolae. Two ion channels known to interact and co-immunoprecipitate with the cav-3, hKv1.5 and hHCN4, interact also with T78M cav-3 and reside in lipid rafts. Electrophysiological analysis showed that the T78M cav-3 causes hKv1.5 channels to activate and inactivate at more hyperpolarized potentials and the hHCN4 channels to activate at more depolarized potentials, in a dominant way. In spontaneously beating neonatal cardiomyocytes, the expression of the T78M cav-3 significantly increased action potential peak-to-peak variability without altering neither the mean rate nor the maximum diastolic potential. We also found that in a small cohort of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias, the T78M cav-3 variant is more frequent than in the general population. Finally, in silico analysis of both sinoatrial and atrial cell models confirmed that the T78M-dependent changes are compatible with a pro-arrhythmic effect. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the T78M cav-3 induces complex modifications in ion channel function that ultimately alter membrane excitability. The presence of the T78M cav-3 can thus generate a susceptible substrate that, in concert with other structural alterations and/or genetic mutations, may become arrhythmogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Campostrini
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Bonzanni
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Lissoni
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Bazzini
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Milanesi
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maura Francolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mirko Baruscotti
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata (CIMMBA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bucchi
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- Department of Health Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Matteo Fantini
- Cellular and Molecular Engineering Laboratory 'S. Cavalcanti', Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering 'Guglielmo Marconi', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Severi
- Cellular and Molecular Engineering Laboratory 'S. Cavalcanti', Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering 'Guglielmo Marconi', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cappato
- Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Unit II, Humanitas Gavazzeni Clinics, Bergamo, Italy.,Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Research Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Lia Crotti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario DiFrancesco
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata (CIMMBA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata (CIMMBA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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15
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Denti F, Bentzen BH, Wojciak J, Thomsen NM, Scheinman M, Schmitt N. Multiple genetic variations in sodium channel subunits in a case of sudden infant death syndrome. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2018; 41:620-626. [PMID: 29572929 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of NaV 1.5 encoded by SCN5A accounts for approximately half of the channelopathic SIDS cases. We investigated the functional effect of two gene variants identified in the same patient, one in SCN5A and one in SCN1Bb. The aim of the study was to risk stratify the proband's family. METHODS The family was referred for cardiovascular genetic evaluation to assess familial risk of cardiac disease. Functional analysis of the identified variants was performed with patch-clamp electrophysiology in HEK293 cells. RESULTS A 16-month-old healthy boy died suddenly in the context of nonspecific illness and possible fever. Postmortem genetic testing revealed variants in the SCN5A and SCN1Bb genes. The proband's father carries the same variants but is asymptomatic. Electrophysiological analysis of the NaV 1.5_1281X truncation revealed complete loss-of-function of the channel. Coexpression of NaV 1.5 with NaV β1b significantly increased INa density when compared to NaV 1.5 alone. The NaV β1b _V268I variant abolished this INa density increase. Moreover, it shifted the activation curve toward more depolarized potentials. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variation of both sodium channel and its modifiers may contribute to sudden unexplained death in childhood. However, the asymptomatic father suggests that genetic variation of these genes is not sufficient to cause sudden death or clinically detectable SCN5A phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Denti
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Hjorth Bentzen
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julianne Wojciak
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Mutsaers Thomsen
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melvin Scheinman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Schmitt
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Ghouse J, Skov MW, Bigseth RS, Ahlberg G, Kanters JK, Olesen MS. Distinguishing pathogenic mutations from background genetic noise in cardiology: The use of large genome databases for genetic interpretation. Clin Genet 2017; 93:459-466. [PMID: 28589536 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in clinical genetic testing have led to increased insight into the human genome, including how challenging it is to interpret rare genetic variation. In some cases, the ability to detect genetic mutations exceeds the ability to understand their clinical impact, limiting the advantage of these technologies. Obstacles in genomic medicine are many and include: understanding the level of certainty/uncertainty behind pathogenicity determination, the numerous different variant interpretation-guidelines used by clinical laboratories, delivering the certain or uncertain result to the patient, helping patients evaluate medical decisions in light of uncertainty regarding the consequence of the findings. Through publication of large publicly available exome/genome databases, researchers and physicians are now able to highlight dubious variants previously associated with different cardiac traits. Also, continuous efforts through data sharing, international collaborative efforts to develop disease-gene-specific guidelines, and computational analyses using large data, will indubitably assist in better variant interpretation and classification. This article discusses the current, and quickly changing, state of variant interpretation resources within cardiovascular genetic research, e.g., publicly available databases and ways of how cardiovascular genetic counselors and geneticists can aid in improving variant interpretation in cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ghouse
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M W Skov
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R S Bigseth
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Ahlberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M S Olesen
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Magi S, Lariccia V, Maiolino M, Amoroso S, Gratteri S. Sudden cardiac death: focus on the genetics of channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:56. [PMID: 28810874 PMCID: PMC5556354 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) describes a natural and unexpected death from cardiac causes occurring within a short period of time (generally within 1 h of symptom onset) in the absence of any other potentially lethal condition. Most SCD-related diseases have a genetic basis; in particular congenital cardiac channelopathies and cardiomyopathies have been described as leading causes of SCD. Congenital cardiac channelopathies are primary electric disorders caused by mutations affecting genes encoding cardiac ion channels or associated proteins, whereas cardiomyopathies are related to mutations in genes encoding several categories of proteins, including those of sarcomeres, desmosomes, the cytoskeleton, and the nuclear envelope. The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the main genetic variants that have been linked to the major congenital cardiac channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. Functional alterations of the related proteins are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta Maiolino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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18
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Dewar LJ, Alcaide M, Fornika D, D’Amato L, Shafaatalab S, Stevens CM, Balachandra T, Phillips SM, Sanatani S, Morin RD, Tibbits GF. Investigating the Genetic Causes of Sudden Unexpected Death in Children Through Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001738. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Inherited arrhythmia syndromes are responsible for a significant portion of autopsy-negative sudden unexpected death (SUD) cases, but molecular autopsy used to identify potentially causal variants is not routinely included in SUD investigations. We collaborated with a medical examiner's office to assist in finding a diagnosis for their autopsy-negative child SUD cases.
Methods and Results—
191 child SUD cases (<5 years of age) were selected for analyses. Our next generation sequencing panel incorporated 38 inherited arrhythmia syndrome candidate genes and another 33 genes not previously investigated for variants that may underlie SUDY pathophysiology. Overall, we identified 11 potentially causal disease-associated variants in 12 cases, for an overall yield of 6.3%. We also identified 31 variants of uncertain significance in 36 cases and 16 novel variants predicted to be pathogenic in silico in 15 cases. The disease-associated variants were reported to the medical examiner to notify surviving relatives and recommend clinical assessment.
Conclusions—
We have identified variants that may assist in the diagnosis of at least 6.3% of autopsy-negative child SUD cases and reduce risk of future SUD in surviving relatives. We recommend a cautious approach to variant interpretation. We also suggest inclusion of cardiomyopathy genes as well as other candidate SUD genes in molecular autopsy analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Dewar
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
| | - Miguel Alcaide
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
| | - Daniel Fornika
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
| | - Luisa D’Amato
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
| | - Sanam Shafaatalab
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
| | - Charles M. Stevens
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
| | - Thambirajah Balachandra
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
| | - Susan M. Phillips
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
| | - Shubhayan Sanatani
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
| | - Ryan D. Morin
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
| | - Glen F. Tibbits
- From the Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.) and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (M.A., D.F., L.D., C.M.S., R.D.M., G.F.T.), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (L.J.D., S.S., C.M.S., G.F.T.); Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (T.B., S.M.P.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British
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19
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Postmortem genetic analysis of sudden unexpected death in infancy: neonatal genetic screening may enable the prevention of sudden infant death. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:989-995. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Antzelevitch C, Yan GX, Ackerman MJ, Borggrefe M, Corrado D, Guo J, Gussak I, Hasdemir C, Horie M, Huikuri H, Ma C, Morita H, Nam GB, Sacher F, Shimizu W, Viskin S, Wilde AA. J-Wave syndromes expert consensus conference report: Emerging concepts and gaps in knowledge. Europace 2017; 19:665-694. [PMID: 28431071 PMCID: PMC5834028 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gan-Xin Yan
- Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J. Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,Minnesota
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- 1st Department of Medicine–Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Jihong Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University of People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ihor Gussak
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Can Hasdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Minoru Horie
- Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Gi-Byoung Nam
- Heart Institute, Asan Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Frederic Sacher
- Bordeaux University Hospital, LIRYC Institute/INSERM 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sami Viskin
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arthur A.M. Wilde
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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21
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Klein CJ, Foroud TM. Neurology Individualized Medicine: When to Use Next-Generation Sequencing Panels. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:292-305. [PMID: 28160876 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly being applied to clinical testing. This practice is predicted to grow especially in neurology clinics because many of their patients have monogenetic causes for their "diagnostic odyssey." The cost of sequencing has been steadily decreasing, but the cost of DNA sequencing is a minor part of the total cost. Downstream data analysis, storage, and interpretation account for most of the total expense. In patients with nonspecific neurologic disorders in which an extensive number of genetic differential diagnoses exist, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) or whole-exome sequencing (WES) has shown promise in the identification of genetic causes. However, both WGS and WES have incomplete coverage and produce a large number of rare variants of unknown importance. In addition, ethical dilemmas are often created by unexpected findings in genes unrelated to the initial sequencing indication. Targeted-panel NGS starts with the capture of a set of disease-focused genes, followed by massive parallel sequencing. For many genetically heterogeneous neurologic disorders, a genetic panel that is disease focused yet inclusive of a large genetic differential diagnosis can be defined to reduce cost, increase turnaround time, and optimize performance. Targeted-panel NGS is currently the preferred first-tier approach because it provides a reliable clinical application while eliminating unexpected ethical dilemmas. Targeted-panel NGS is leading to a paradigm shift in the diagnosis of many neurologic disorders, enabling individualized precision medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of WGS, WES, and targeted-panel NGS in consideration of their utility in clinical testing for neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Klein
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Post-mortem whole-exome analysis in a large sudden infant death syndrome cohort with a focus on cardiovascular and metabolic genetic diseases. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:404-409. [PMID: 28074886 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is described as the sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant younger than one year of age. Genetic studies indicate that up to 35% of SIDS cases might be explained by familial or genetic diseases such as cardiomyopathies, ion channelopathies or metabolic disorders that remained undetected during conventional forensic autopsy procedures. Post-mortem genetic testing by using massive parallel sequencing (MPS) approaches represents an efficient and rapid tool to further investigate unexplained death cases and might help to elucidate pathogenic genetic variants and mechanisms in cases without a conclusive cause of death. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 161 European SIDS infants with focus on 192 genes associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Potentially causative variants were detected in 20% of the SIDS cases. The majority of infants had variants with likely functional effects in genes associated with channelopathies (9%), followed by cardiomyopathies (7%) and metabolic diseases (1%). Although lethal arrhythmia represents the most plausible and likely cause of death, the majority of SIDS cases still remains elusive and might be explained by a multifactorial etiology, triggered by a combination of different genetic and environmental risk factors. As WES is not substantially more expensive than a targeted sequencing approach, it represents an unbiased screening of the exome, which could help to investigate different pathogenic mechanisms within the genetically heterogeneous SIDS cohort. Additionally, re-analysis of the datasets provides the basis to identify new candidate genes in sudden infant death.
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23
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Genetic basis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2016; 224:461-472. [PMID: 27736720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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Moon RY. SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Evidence Base for 2016 Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2016-2940. [PMID: 27940805 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 3500 infants die annually in the United States from sleep-related infant deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), ill-defined deaths, and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. After an initial decrease in the 1990s, the overall sleep-related infant death rate has not declined in more recent years. Many of the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths are strikingly similar. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a safe sleep environment that can reduce the risk of all sleep-related infant deaths. Recommendations for a safe sleep environment include supine positioning, use of a firm sleep surface, room-sharing without bed-sharing, and avoidance of soft bedding and overheating. Additional recommendations for SIDS risk reduction include avoidance of exposure to smoke, alcohol, and illicit drugs; breastfeeding; routine immunization; and use of a pacifier. New evidence and rationale for recommendations are presented for skin-to-skin care for newborn infants, bedside and in-bed sleepers, sleeping on couches/armchairs and in sitting devices, and use of soft bedding after 4 months of age. In addition, expanded recommendations for infant sleep location are included. The recommendations and strength of evidence for each recommendation are published in the accompanying policy statement, "SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2016 Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment," which is included in this issue.
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25
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Christensen ED, Berger J, Alashari MM, Coon H, Robison C, Ho HT, Adams DR, Gahl WA, Smith KR, Opitz JM, Johnson DR. Sudden infant death "syndrome"-Insights and future directions from a Utah population database analysis. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:177-182. [PMID: 27792857 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
"Sudden Infant Death syndrome" (SIDS) represents the commonest category of infant death after the first month of life. As genome scale sequencing greatly facilitates the identification of new candidate disease variants, the challenges of ascribing causation to these variants persists. In order to determine the extent to which SIDS occurs in related individuals and their pedigree structure we undertook an analysis of SIDS using the Utah Population Database, recording, for example, evidence of enrichment for genetic causation following the back-to-sleep recommendations of 1992 and 1994. Our evaluation of the pre- and post back-to-sleep incidence of SIDS in Utah showed a decrease in SIDS incidence on the order of eightfold following back-to-sleep. An odds ratio of 4.2 for SIDS recurrence among sibs was identified from 1968 to 2013 which was similar to the odds ratio of 4.84 for death due to other or unknown cause among sibs of SIDS cases for the same time period. Combining first through thid degree relatives yielded an odds ratio of SIDS recurrence of 9.29 in the post-back-to-sleep (1995-2013) subset of SIDS cases where similar calculations of first-third degree relatives for the entire time period of 1968-2013 showed an odds ratio of 2.95. Expanded multigenertional pedigrees showing enrichment for SIDS were also identified. Based on these findings we hypothesize that post back-to-sleep SIDS, especially recurrences within a family, are potentially enriched for genetic causes due to the impact of safe sleeping guidelines in mitigating environmental risk factors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Christensen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Office of the Medical Examiner, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Justin Berger
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mouied M Alashari
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Cynthia Robison
- Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hsu-Tso Ho
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Undiagnosed Disease Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David R Adams
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Undiagnosed Disease Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Willian A Gahl
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Undiagnosed Disease Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John M Opitz
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Pediatrics (Medical Genetics), School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dennis R Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,National Human Genome Research Institute, Undiagnosed Disease Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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26
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Antzelevitch C, Yan GX, Ackerman MJ, Borggrefe M, Corrado D, Guo J, Gussak I, Hasdemir C, Horie M, Huikuri H, Ma C, Morita H, Nam GB, Sacher F, Shimizu W, Viskin S, Wilde AA. J-Wave syndromes expert consensus conference report: Emerging concepts and gaps in knowledge. J Arrhythm 2016; 32:315-339. [PMID: 27761155 PMCID: PMC5063270 DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gan-Xin Yan
- Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States
| | - Michael J. Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- 1st Department of Medicine–Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Jihong Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University of People׳s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ihor Gussak
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Can Hasdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Minoru Horie
- Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Gi-Byoung Nam
- Heart Institute, Asian Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Frederic Sacher
- Bordeaux University Hospital, LIRYC Institute/INSERM 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sami Viskin
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arthur A.M. Wilde
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Antzelevitch C, Yan GX, Ackerman MJ, Borggrefe M, Corrado D, Guo J, Gussak I, Hasdemir C, Horie M, Huikuri H, Ma C, Morita H, Nam GB, Sacher F, Shimizu W, Viskin S, Wilde AAM. J-Wave syndromes expert consensus conference report: Emerging concepts and gaps in knowledge. Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:e295-324. [PMID: 27423412 PMCID: PMC5035208 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gan-Xin Yan
- Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,Minnesota
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- 1st Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Jihong Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University of People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ihor Gussak
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Can Hasdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Minoru Horie
- Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Gi-Byoung Nam
- Heart Institute, Asan Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Frederic Sacher
- Bordeaux University Hospital, LIRYC Institute/INSERM 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sami Viskin
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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28
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Bacchelli C, Williams HJ. Opportunities and technical challenges in next-generation sequencing for diagnosis of rare pediatric diseases. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:1073-1082. [PMID: 27560481 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1222906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rare pediatric diseases are clinically severe with high rates of mortality and morbidity. This paper outlines how next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be used to greatly advance identification of the underlying genetic causes. Areas covered: This manuscript is a blend of evidence obtained from literature searches from PubMed and rare disease related websites, laboratory experience and the author's opinions. The paper covers the current state of the field and identifies where the challenges lie and how they are being overcome, using up-to-date references. Expert commentary: The field of NGS is still relatively new but it has already transformed the field of rare disease research. Technological advances in instrumentation, computational hardware and software have resulted in the identification of many causative genes, but as sequencing moves into population-scale initiatives standardisation and data sharing is going to be of paramount importance to ensure we derive the maximum benefit for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bacchelli
- a Head of Experimental & Personalised Medicine Section , Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health , London , England
| | - Hywel J Williams
- b GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme , UCL GOS Institute of Child Health , London , England
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29
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Sarquella-Brugada G, Campuzano O, Cesar S, Iglesias A, Fernandez A, Brugada J, Brugada R. Sudden infant death syndrome caused by cardiac arrhythmias: only a matter of genes encoding ion channels? Int J Legal Med 2016; 130:415-20. [PMID: 26872470 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome is the unexpected demise of a child younger than 1 year of age which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy investigation. Usually, it occurs during sleep, in males, and during the first 12 weeks of life. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying the death is unknown, and the lethal episode is considered multifactorial. However, in cases without a conclusive post-mortem diagnosis, suspicious of cardiac arrhythmias may also be considered as a cause of death, especially in families suffering from any cardiac disease associated with sudden cardiac death. Here, we review current understanding of sudden infant death, focusing on genetic causes leading to lethal cardiac arrhythmias, considering both genes encoding ion channels as well as structural proteins due to recent association of channelopathies and desmosomal genes. We support a comprehensive analysis of all genes associated with sudden cardiac death in families suffering of infant death. It allows the identification of the most plausible cause of death but also of family members at risk, providing cardiologists with essential data to adopt therapeutic preventive measures in families affected with this lethal entity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Cesar
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Iglesias
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Brugada
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain.
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Unit, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain.
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30
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Abbasi Y, Jabbari J, Jabbari R, Yang RQ, Risgaard B, Køber L, Haunsø S, Tfelt-Hansen J. The pathogenicity of genetic variants previously associated with left ventricular non-compaction. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 4:135-42. [PMID: 27066506 PMCID: PMC4799875 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Left ventricular non‐compaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy. Many genetic variants have been associated with LVNC. However, the number of the previous LVNC‐associated variants that are common in the background population remains unknown. The aim of this study was to provide an updated list of previously reported LVNC‐associated variants with biologic description and investigate the prevalence of LVNC variants in healthy general population to find false‐positive LVNC‐associated variants. Methods and Results The Human Gene Mutation Database and PubMed were systematically searched to identify all previously reported LVNC‐associated variants. Thereafter, the Exome Sequencing Project (ESP) and the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC), that both represent the background population, was searched for all variants. Four in silico prediction tools were assessed to determine the functional effects of these variants. The prediction results of those identified in the ESP and ExAC and those not identified in the ESP and ExAC were compared. In 12 genes, 60 LVNC‐associated missense/nonsense variants were identified. MYH7 was the predominant gene, encompassing 24 of the 60 LVNC‐associated variants. The ESP only harbored nine and ExAC harbored 18 of the 60 LVNC‐associated variants. In total, eight out of nine ESP‐positive variants overlapped with the 18 variants identified in ExAC database. Conclusions In this article, we identified 9 ESP‐positive and 18 ExAC‐positive variants of 60 previously reported LVNC‐associated variants, suggesting that these variants are not necessarily the monogenic cause of LVNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Abbasi
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC)CopenhagenDenmark; Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyDepartment of CardiologyThe Heart CentreCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark; Department of CardiologyThe Heart CenterRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Javad Jabbari
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC)CopenhagenDenmark; Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyDepartment of CardiologyThe Heart CentreCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark; Department of CardiologyThe Heart CenterRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Reza Jabbari
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC)CopenhagenDenmark; Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyDepartment of CardiologyThe Heart CentreCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark; Department of CardiologyThe Heart CenterRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ren-Qiang Yang
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC)CopenhagenDenmark; Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyDepartment of CardiologyThe Heart CentreCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark; Department of CardiologyInstitute of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe Heart CenterThe Second Affiliated HospitalNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Bjarke Risgaard
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC)CopenhagenDenmark; Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyDepartment of CardiologyThe Heart CentreCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark; Department of CardiologyThe Heart CenterRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of CardiologyThe Heart CenterRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark; Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Stig Haunsø
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC)CopenhagenDenmark; Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyDepartment of CardiologyThe Heart CentreCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark; Department of CardiologyThe Heart CenterRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark; Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC)CopenhagenDenmark; Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyDepartment of CardiologyThe Heart CentreCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark; Department of CardiologyThe Heart CenterRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark; Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Abstract
With the wider deployment of massively-parallel, next-generation sequencing, it is now possible to survey human genome data for research and clinical purposes. The reduced cost of producing short-read sequencing has now shifted the burden to data analysis. Analysis of genome sequencing remains challenged by the complexity of the human genome, including redundancy and the repetitive nature of genome elements and the large amount of variation in individual genomes. Public databases of human genome sequences greatly facilitate interpretation of common and rare genetic variation, although linking database sequence information to detailed clinical information is limited by privacy and practical issues. Genetic variation is a rich source of knowledge for cardiovascular disease because many, if not all, cardiovascular disorders are highly heritable. The role of rare genetic variation in predicting risk and complications of cardiovascular diseases has been well established for hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, where the number of genes that are linked to these disorders is growing. Bolstered by family data, where genetic variants segregate with disease, rare variation can be linked to specific genetic variation that offers profound diagnostic information. Understanding genetic variation in cardiomyopathy is likely to help stratify forms of heart failure and guide therapy. Ultimately, genetic variation may be amenable to gene correction and gene editing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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32
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The role of the sodium current complex in a nonreferred nationwide cohort of sudden infant death syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2015; 12:1241-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hoppenbrouwers T. Sudden infant death syndrome, sleep, and seizures. J Child Neurol 2015; 30:904-11. [PMID: 25300988 DOI: 10.1177/0883073814549243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
benign febrile seizures seen in 7% of infants before 6 months play a role in the terminal pathway in a subset of sudden infant death syndrome victims. Supporting evidence: (1) lack of 5-hydroxitryptamine, one consistent finding in sudden infant death syndrome that Kinney et al coined a developmental serotonopathy, is consistent with risk for seizures. (2) Non-rapid eye movement sleep increasing during the age of highest risk for sudden infant death syndrome facilitates some seizures (seizure gate). (3) Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is associated with severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia during postictal generalized electroencephalographic (EEG) suppression. In toddlers, sudden unexplained deaths are associated with hippocampal abnormalities and some seizures. (4) The sudden nature of both deaths warrants an exploration of similarities in the terminal pathway. Moreover, sudden infant death syndrome, febrile seizures, sudden unexplained death in childhood, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy share some of the following risk factors: prone sleeping, infections, hyperthermia, preterm birth, male gender, maternal smoking, and mutations in genes that regulate sodium channels. State-of-the-art molecular studies can be exploited to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke Hoppenbrouwers
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred L George
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
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35
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Hertz CL, Christiansen SL, Ferrero-Miliani L, Fordyce SL, Dahl M, Holst AG, Ottesen GL, Frank-Hansen R, Bundgaard H, Morling N. Next-generation sequencing of 34 genes in sudden unexplained death victims in forensics and in patients with channelopathic cardiac diseases. Int J Legal Med 2014; 129:793-800. [PMID: 25467552 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-1105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is responsible for a large proportion of sudden deaths in young individuals. In forensic medicine, many cases remain unexplained after routine postmortem autopsy and conventional investigations. These cases are called sudden unexplained deaths (SUD). Genetic testing has been suggested useful in forensic medicine, although in general with a significantly lower success rate compared to the clinical setting. The purpose of the study was to estimate the frequency of pathogenic variants in the genes most frequently associated with SCD in SUD cases and compare the frequency to that in patients with inherited cardiac channelopathies. Fifteen forensic SUD cases and 29 patients with channelopathies were investigated. DNA from 34 of the genes most frequently associated with SCD were captured using NimbleGen SeqCap EZ library build and were sequenced with next-generation sequencing (NGS) on an Illumina MiSeq. Likely pathogenic variants were identified in three out of 15 (20%) forensic SUD cases compared to 12 out of 29 (41%) patients with channelopathies. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.1). Additionally, two larger deletions of entire exons were identified in two of the patients (7%). The frequency of likely pathogenic variants was >2-fold higher in the clinical setting as compared to SUD cases. However, the demonstration of likely pathogenic variants in three out of 15 forensic SUD cases indicates that NGS investigations will contribute to the clinical investigations. Hence, this has the potential to increase the diagnostic rate significantly in the forensic as well as in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Hertz
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 11 Frederik V's Vej, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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Forensische Molekularpathologie. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-014-0975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Salomonis N. Systems-level perspective of sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatr Res 2014; 76:220-9. [PMID: 24964230 PMCID: PMC4193964 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains one of the primary causes of infant mortality in developed countries. Although the causes of SIDS remain largely inconclusive, some of the most informative associations implicate molecular, genetic, anatomical, physiological, and environmental (i.e., infant sleep) factors. Thus, a comprehensive and evolving systems-level model is required to understand SIDS susceptibility. Such models, by being powerful enough to uncover indirect associations, could be used to expand our list of candidate targets for in-depth analysis. We present an integrated WikiPathways model for SIDS susceptibility that includes associated cell systems, signaling pathways, genetics, and animal phenotypes. Experimental and literature-based gene-regulatory data have been integrated into this model to identify intersecting upstream control elements and associated interactions. To expand this pathway model, we performed a comprehensive analysis of existing proteomics data from brainstem samples of infants with SIDS. From this analysis, we discovered changes in the expression of several proteins linked to known SIDS pathologies, including factors involved in glial cell production, hypoxia regulation, and synaptic vesicle release, in addition to interactions with annotated SIDS markers. Our results highlight new targets for further consideration that further enrich this pathway model, which, over time, can improve as a wiki-based, community curation project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Salomonis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Oh 45229, USA
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The role of clinical, genetic and segregation evaluation in sudden infant death. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 242:9-15. [PMID: 25016126 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death in the first year of life. Several arrhythmogenic genes have been associated with cardiac pathologies leading to infant sudden cardiac death (SCD). Our aim was to take advantage of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology to perform a thorough genetic analysis of a SIDS case. A SIDS case was referred to our institution after negative autopsy. We performed a genetic analysis of 104 SCD-related genes using a custom panel. Confirmed variants in index case were also analyzed in relatives. Clinical evaluation of first-degree family members was performed. Relatives did not show pathology. NGS identified seven variants. Two previously described as pathogenic. Four previously catalogued without clinical significance. The seventh variation was novel. Familial segregation showed that the index case's mother carried all same genetic variations except one, which was inherited from the father. The sister of the index case carried three variants. We believe that molecular autopsy should be included in current forensic protocols after negative autopsy. In addition to NGS technologies, familial genetic testing should be also performed to clarify potential pathogenic role of new variants and to identify genetic carriers at risk of SCD.
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39
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Schmitt N, Grunnet M, Olesen SP. Cardiac potassium channel subtypes: new roles in repolarization and arrhythmia. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:609-53. [PMID: 24692356 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
About 10 distinct potassium channels in the heart are involved in shaping the action potential. Some of the K+ channels are primarily responsible for early repolarization, whereas others drive late repolarization and still others are open throughout the cardiac cycle. Three main K+ channels drive the late repolarization of the ventricle with some redundancy, and in atria this repolarization reserve is supplemented by the fairly atrial-specific KV1.5, Kir3, KCa, and K2P channels. The role of the latter two subtypes in atria is currently being clarified, and several findings indicate that they could constitute targets for new pharmacological treatment of atrial fibrillation. The interplay between the different K+ channel subtypes in both atria and ventricle is dynamic, and a significant up- and downregulation occurs in disease states such as atrial fibrillation or heart failure. The underlying posttranscriptional and posttranslational remodeling of the individual K+ channels changes their activity and significance relative to each other, and they must be viewed together to understand their role in keeping a stable heart rhythm, also under menacing conditions like attacks of reentry arrhythmia.
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40
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Wang D, Shah KR, Um SY, Eng LS, Zhou B, Lin Y, Mitchell AA, Nicaj L, Prinz M, McDonald TV, Sampson BA, Tang Y. Cardiac channelopathy testing in 274 ethnically diverse sudden unexplained deaths. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 237:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Puckelwartz MJ, McNally EM. Genetic profiling for risk reduction in human cardiovascular disease. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:214-34. [PMID: 24705294 PMCID: PMC3978520 DOI: 10.3390/genes5010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major health concern affecting over 80,000,000 people in the U.S. alone. Heart failure, cardiomyopathy, heart rhythm disorders, atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation have significant heritable contribution. Supported by familial aggregation and twin studies, these cardiovascular diseases are influenced by genetic variation. Family-based linkage studies and population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have each identified genes and variants important for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The advent of next generation sequencing has ushered in a new era in the genetic diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, and this is especially evident when considering cardiomyopathy, a leading cause of heart failure. Cardiomyopathy is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by morphologically abnormal heart with abnormal function. Genetic testing for cardiomyopathy employs gene panels, and these panels assess more than 50 genes simultaneously. Despite the large size of these panels, the sensitivity for detecting the primary genetic defect is still only approximately 50%. Recently, there has been a shift towards applying broader exome and/or genome sequencing to interrogate more of the genome to provide a genetic diagnosis for cardiomyopathy. Genetic mutations in cardiomyopathy offer the capacity to predict clinical outcome, including arrhythmia risk, and genetic diagnosis often provides an early window in which to institute therapy. This discussion is an overview as to how genomic data is shaping the current understanding and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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42
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Olesen MS, Nielsen MW, Haunsø S, Svendsen JH. Atrial fibrillation: the role of common and rare genetic variants. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:297-306. [PMID: 23838598 PMCID: PMC3925267 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting 1-2% of the general population. A number of studies have demonstrated that AF, and in particular lone AF, has a substantial genetic component. Monogenic mutations in lone and familial AF, although rare, have been recognized for many years. Presently, mutations in 25 genes have been associated with AF. However, the complexity of monogenic AF is illustrated by the recent finding that both gain- and loss-of-function mutations in the same gene can cause AF. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have indicated that common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have a role in the development of AF. Following the first GWAS discovering the association between PITX2 and AF, several new GWAS reports have identified SNPs associated with susceptibility of AF. To date, nine SNPs have been associated with AF. The exact biological pathways involving these SNPs and the development of AF are now starting to be elucidated. Since the first GWAS, the number of papers concerning the genetic basis of AF has increased drastically and the majority of these papers are for the first time included in a review. In this review, we discuss the genetic basis of AF and the role of both common and rare genetic variants in the susceptibility of developing AF. Furthermore, all rare variants reported to be associated with AF were systematically searched for in the Exome Sequencing Project Exome Variant Server.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Olesen
- The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten W Nielsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Haunsø
- The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Svendsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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43
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Stenson PD, Mort M, Ball EV, Shaw K, Phillips AD, Cooper DN. The Human Gene Mutation Database: building a comprehensive mutation repository for clinical and molecular genetics, diagnostic testing and personalized genomic medicine. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1-9. [PMID: 24077912 PMCID: PMC3898141 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1005] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD®) is a comprehensive collection of germline mutations in nuclear genes that underlie, or are associated with, human inherited disease. By June 2013, the database contained over 141,000 different lesions detected in over 5,700 different genes, with new mutation entries currently accumulating at a rate exceeding 10,000 per annum. HGMD was originally established in 1996 for the scientific study of mutational mechanisms in human genes. However, it has since acquired a much broader utility as a central unified disease-oriented mutation repository utilized by human molecular geneticists, genome scientists, molecular biologists, clinicians and genetic counsellors as well as by those specializing in biopharmaceuticals, bioinformatics and personalized genomics. The public version of HGMD (http://www.hgmd.org) is freely available to registered users from academic institutions/non-profit organizations whilst the subscription version (HGMD Professional) is available to academic, clinical and commercial users under license via BIOBASE GmbH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Matthew Mort
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Edward V. Ball
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Katy Shaw
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Andrew D. Phillips
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
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Mechakra A, Vincent Y, Chevalier P, Millat G, Ficker E, Jastrzebski M, Poulin H, Pouliot V, Chahine M, Christé G. The variant hERG/R148W associated with LQTS is a mutation that reduces current density on co-expression with the WT. Gene 2013; 536:348-56. [PMID: 24334129 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variant of the ether-à-go-go related channel (hERG), p.Arg148Trp (R148W) was found at heterozygous state in two infants who died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), one with documented prolonged QTc and Torsade de Pointes (TdP), and in an adult woman with QTc >500 ms, atrioventricular block and TdP. This variant was previously reported in cases of severe ventricular arrhythmia but very rarely in control subjects. Its classification as mutation or polymorphism awaited electrophysiological characterization. METHODS The properties of this N-terminal, proximal domain, hERG variant were explored in Xenopus oocytes injected with the same amount of RNA encoding for either hERG/WT or hERG/R148W or their equimolar mixture. The human ventricular cell (TNNP) model was used to test the effects of changes in hERG current. RESULTS R148W alone produced a current similar to the WT (369 ± 76 nA (mean ± SEM), n=13 versus 342 ± 55 nA in WT, n=13), while the co-expression of 1/2 WT+1/2 R148W lowered the current by 29% versus WT (243 ± 35 nA, n=13, p<0.05). The voltage dependencies of steady-state activation and inactivation were not changed in the variant alone or in co-expression with the WT. The time constants of fast recovery from inactivation and of fast and slow deactivation analyzed between -120 and +20 mV were not changed. The voltage-dependent distribution of the current amplitudes among fast-, slow- and non-deactivating fractions was unaltered. A 6.6% increase in APD90 from 323.5 ms to 345 ms was observed using the human cardiac ventricular myocyte model. CONCLUSIONS Such a decrease in hERG current as evidenced here when co-expressing the hERG/R148W variant with the WT may have predisposed to the observed long QT syndrome and associated TdP. Therefore, the heterozygous carriers of hERG/R148W may be at risk of cardiac sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Mechakra
- Laboratoire de Neurocardiologie, EA4612, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Yohann Vincent
- Laboratoire de Neurocardiologie, EA4612, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Philippe Chevalier
- Laboratoire de Neurocardiologie, EA4612, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Unité de Rythmologie, Centre National de Référence des Troubles du Rythme d'Origine Héréditaire, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire et Pneumologique L. Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Gilles Millat
- Laboratoire de Neurocardiologie, EA4612, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France
| | | | - Marek Jastrzebski
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Kracow, Poland
| | - Hugo Poulin
- Le Centre de Recherche en neuroscience, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec and Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Pouliot
- Le Centre de Recherche en neuroscience, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec and Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- Le Centre de Recherche en neuroscience, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec and Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Georges Christé
- Laboratoire de Neurocardiologie, EA4612, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France.
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Jabbari J, Jabbari R, Nielsen MW, Holst AG, Nielsen JB, Haunsø S, Tfelt-Hansen J, Svendsen JH, Olesen MS. New Exome Data Question the Pathogenicity of Genetic Variants Previously Associated With Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:481-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a lethal, rare hereditary disease with an estimated prevalence of 1:10 000. The genetic variants that cause CPVT are usually highly penetrant. To date, about 189 variants in 5 genes (
RYR2, CASQ2, CALM1, TRND
, and
KCNJ2
) have been associated with CPVT pathogenesis.
Methods and Results—
The Exome Sequencing Project database (ESP; n= 6503) was systematically searched for previously published missense and nonsense CPVT–associated variants reported in several comprehensive reviews and in 2 databases: The Human Gene Mutation Database and The Inherited Arrhythmias Database. We used 4 different prediction tools to assess all missense variants previously associated with CPVT and compared the prediction of protein damage between CPVT-associated variants identified in the ESP and those variants not identified in the ESP. We identified 11% of the variants previously associated with CPVT in the ESP population. In the literature, 57% of these variants were reported as novel disease-causing variants absent in the healthy control subjects. These putative CPVT variants were identified in 41 out of 6131 subjects in the ESP population, corresponding to a prevalence of CPVT of up to 1:150. Using an agreement of ≥3, in silico prediction tools showed a significantly higher frequency of damaging variants among the CPVT-associated variants not identified in the ESP database (83%) compared with those variants identified in the ESP (50%;
P
=0.021).
Conclusions—
We identified a substantial overrepresentation of CPVT-associated variants in a large exome database, suggesting that these variants are not necessarily the monogenic cause of CPVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Jabbari
- From the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reza Jabbari
- From the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten W. Nielsen
- From the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders G. Holst
- From the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas B. Nielsen
- From the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Haunsø
- From the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- From the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper H. Svendsen
- From the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten S. Olesen
- From the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.J., R.J., M.W.N., A.G.H., J.B.N., S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S., M.S.O.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.H., J.T.-H., J.H.S.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nielsen MW, Holst AG, Olesen SP, Olesen MS. The genetic component of Brugada syndrome. Front Physiol 2013; 4:179. [PMID: 23874304 PMCID: PMC3710955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a clinical entity first described in 1992. BrS is characterized by ST-segment elevations in the right precordial leads and susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. It affects young subjects, predominantly males, with structurally normal hearts. The prevalence varies with ethnicity ranging from 1:2,000 to 1:100,000 in different parts of the world. Today, hundreds of variants in 17 genes have been associated with BrS of which mutations in SCN5A, coding for the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, accounts for the vast majority. Despite this, approximately 70% of BrS cases cannot be explained genetically with the current knowledge. Moreover, the monogenic role of some of the variants previously described as being associated with BrS has been questioned by their occurrence in about 4% (1:23) of the general population as found in NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project (ESP) currently including approximately 6500 individuals. If we add the variants described in the five newest identified genes associated with BrS, they appear at an even higher prevalence in the ESP (1:21). The current standard treatment of BrS is an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). The risk stratification and indications for ICD treatment are based on the ECG and on the clinical and family history. In this review we discuss the genetic basis of BrS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten W Nielsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia Copenhagen, Denmark ; Department of Cardiology, Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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