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Ligotti ME, Aiello A, Accardi G, Calabrò A, Ciaccio M, Colomba C, Di Bona D, Lo Sasso B, Pojero F, Tuttolomondo A, Caruso C, Candore G, Duro G. Distribution of KIR Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Different Viral Infectious Diseases: Frequency Study in Sicilian Population. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415466. [PMID: 36555106 PMCID: PMC9779783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in defence against viral infections by killing infected cells or by producing cytokines and interacting with adaptive immune cells. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) regulate the activation of NK cells through their interaction with human leucocyte antigens (HLA). Ninety-six Sicilian patients positive to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV) and ninety-two Sicilian patients positive to SARS-CoV-2 were genotyped for KIRs and their HLA ligands. We also included fifty-six Sicilian patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) already recruited in our previous study. The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of KIR-HLA genes/groups of these three different infected populations with healthy Sicilian donors from the literature. We showed that the inhibitory KIR3DL1 gene and the KIR3DL1/HLA-B Bw4 pairing were more prevalent in individual CHB. At the same time, the frequency of HLA-C2 was increased in CHB compared to other groups. In contrast, the HLA-C1 ligand seems to have no contribution to CHB progression whereas it was significantly higher in COVID-19 and HIV-positive than healthy controls. These results suggest that specific KIR-HLA combinations can predict the outcome/susceptibility of these viral infections and allows to plan successful customized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Colomba
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Duro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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2
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Pollock NR, Harrison GF, Norman PJ. Immunogenomics of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) and HLA Class I: Coevolution and Consequences for Human Health. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1763-1775. [PMID: 35561968 PMCID: PMC10038757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of killer cell immunoglobin-like receptors (KIR) with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I regulate effector functions of key cytotoxic cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The extreme diversity of this interaction is genetically determined, having evolved in the ever-changing environment of pathogen exposure. Diversity of KIR and HLA genes is further facilitated by their independent segregation on separate chromosomes. That fetal implantation relies on many of the same types of immune cells as infection control places certain constraints on the evolution of KIR interactions with HLA. Consequently, specific inherited combinations of receptors and ligands may predispose to specific immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmunity. Combinatorial diversity of KIR and HLA class I can also differentiate success rates of immunotherapy directed to these diseases. Progress toward both etiopathology and predicting response to therapy is being achieved through detailed characterization of the extent and consequences of the combinatorial diversity of KIR and HLA. Achieving these goals is more tractable with the development of integrated analyses of molecular evolution, function, and pathology that will establish guidelines for understanding and managing risks. Here, we present what is known about the coevolution of KIR with HLA class I and the impact of their complexity on immune function and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Pollock
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Genelle F Harrison
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo.
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3
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Aguiar VRC, Augusto DG, Castelli EC, Hollenbach JA, Meyer D, Nunes K, Petzl-Erler ML. An immunogenetic view of COVID-19. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20210036. [PMID: 34436508 PMCID: PMC8388242 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meeting the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic requires an interdisciplinary approach. In this context, integrating knowledge of immune function with an understanding of how genetic variation influences the nature of immunity is a key challenge. Immunogenetics can help explain the heterogeneity of susceptibility and protection to the viral infection and disease progression. Here, we review the knowledge developed so far, discussing fundamental genes for triggering the innate and adaptive immune responses associated with a viral infection, especially with the SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms. We emphasize the role of the HLA and KIR genes, discussing what has been uncovered about their role in COVID-19 and addressing methodological challenges of studying these genes. Finally, we comment on questions that arise when studying admixed populations, highlighting the case of Brazil. We argue that the interplay between immunology and an understanding of genetic associations can provide an important contribution to our knowledge of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor R. C. Aguiar
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Genética e Biologia
Evolutiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danillo G. Augusto
- University of California, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences,
Department of Neurology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Genética, Curitiba,
PR, Brazil
| | - Erick C. Castelli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu,
Departamento de Patologia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jill A. Hollenbach
- University of California, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences,
Department of Neurology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diogo Meyer
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Genética e Biologia
Evolutiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Nunes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Genética e Biologia
Evolutiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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4
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Mohammadhosayni M, Aslani S, Norouzi M, Jazayeri SM, Ahmadi M, Ghazanfari T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family genes association with risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV). GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Al-Dayan N, Venugopal D, Dhanasekaran S. Footprint of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Study of Immune Landscape and Other Factors Shielding Mortality. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:6692739. [PMID: 33457195 PMCID: PMC7771255 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6692739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly affected global health and created a world crisis. The exponentially increasing numbers of infection and mortality have made preventive measures challenging. India being a highly populated nation has so far effectively counteracted the pandemic outbreak with a significantly lower rate of mortality despite the high infection rates. The genetic architecture of the immune response genes in the Indian population, BCG vaccination, the predominantly young age group of people, and their traditional food habits might contribute to the lower rate of mortality. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) play a vital role in triggering T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells can immediately react to eliminate infected cells. Activation of virus-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells selectively targets the infected cells and strengthens the immunoregulatory system. The checkpoint for NK cell function is the engagement of killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) molecules with their respective HLA ligands overexpressed or expressed on the compromised virus-infected cells which have shown polymorphism among different ethnic groups. Here, we explore if certain KIR-HLA motifs grant Indians a survival advantage in terms of the low rate of mortality. Additionally, enhanced immunity through BCG vaccination may favor fruitful eradication of SARS-CoV-2 and provide the way out as in therapeutic intervention and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Al-Dayan
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Divya Venugopal
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Ad Dawasir Campus, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sugapriya Dhanasekaran
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Ad Dawasir Campus, Saudi Arabia
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Auer ED, Tong HV, Amorim LM, Malheiros D, Hoan NX, Issler HC, Petzl-Erler ML, Beltrame MH, Boldt ABW, Toan NL, Song LH, Velavan TP, Augusto DG. Natural killer cell receptor variants and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the Vietnamese population. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 96:541-547. [PMID: 32422377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genes of host immunity play an important role in disease pathogenesis and are determinants of clinical courses of infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV). Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), expressed on the surface of natural killer cells (NK), regulate NK cell cytotoxicity by interacting with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules and are candidates for influencing the course of HBV. This study evaluated whether variations in KIR gene content and HLA-C ligands are associated with HBV and with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS A Vietnamese study cohort (HBV n = 511; controls n = 140) was genotyped using multiplex sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) followed by melting curve analysis. RESULTS The presence of the functional allelic group of KIR2DS4 was associated with an increased risk of chronic HBV (OR = 1.86, pcorr = 0.02), while KIR2DL2+HLA-C1 (OR = 0.62, pcorr = 0.04) and KIR2DL3+HLA-C1 (OR = 0.48, pcorr = 0.04) were associated with a decreased risk. The pair KIR2DL3+HLA-C1 was associated with liver cirrhosis (OR = 0.40, pcorr = 0.01). The presence of five or more activating KIR variants was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 0.53, pcorr = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS KIR gene content variation and combinations KIR-HLA influence the outcome of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Delabio Auer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Vietnamese German Center for Medical Research (VGCARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Leonardo Maldaner Amorim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Danielle Malheiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese German Center for Medical Research (VGCARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam; Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hellen Caroline Issler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Márcia Holsbach Beltrame
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Vietnamese German Center for Medical Research (VGCARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Song
- Vietnamese German Center for Medical Research (VGCARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam; Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese German Center for Medical Research (VGCARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
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7
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Faden DL, Concha-Benavente F, Chakka AB, McMichael EL, Chandran U, Ferris RL. Immunogenomic correlates of response to cetuximab monotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2019; 41:2591-2601. [PMID: 30828910 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms of resistance to immune-modulating cancer treatments are poorly understood. Using a novel cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we investigated mechanisms of immune escape from epidermal growth factor receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy. METHODS HNSCC tumors (n = 20) from a prospective trial of neoadjuvant cetuximab monotherapy underwent whole-exome sequencing. Expression of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) and the effect of KIR blockade were assessed in HNSCC cell lines. RESULTS Nonresponders to cetuximab had an increased rate of mutations in HLA-C compared to responders and HNSCC tumors (n = 528) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (P < 0.00001). In vitro, cetuximab-activated natural killer (NK) cells induced upregulation of HLA-C on HNSCC cells (P < 0.01) via interferon gamma. Treatment of NK cells with the anti-KIR mAb lirilumab increased killing of HNSCC cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Alterations in HLA-C may provide a mechanism of immune evasion through disruption of NK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Faden
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fernando Concha-Benavente
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anish B Chakka
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Uma Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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8
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Insights into the Interplay between KIR Gene Frequencies and Chronic HBV Infection in Burkina Faso. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2018; 10:e2018060. [PMID: 30416692 PMCID: PMC6223576 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2018.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this investigation was to assess the association between “Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor” (KIR) gene frequencies and chronic HBV infection. Methods Chronic HBV carriers and healthy patients were selected for this study. The viral load for HBV were performed, and SSP-PCR was used to characterize the frequencies of KIR genes. Results The study suggested that inhibitory genes KIR2DL2 (crude OR = 2.82; p < 0.001), KIR2DL3 (crude OR = 2.49; p < 0.001) and activator gene KIR2DS2 (crude OR = 3.95; p< 0.001) might be associated with chronic stages of HBV infection. Conversely the inhibitory genes KIR3DL1 (crude OR = 0.49; p = 0.0018) and KIR3DL2 (crude OR = 0.41; p = 0.005), the activator gene KIR2DS1 (crude OR = 0.48; p = 0.014) and the pseudo gene KIR2DP1 (crude OR = 0.49; p = 0.008) could be associated with immunity against HBV infection. Chronic HBV patients who are carriers for the KIR3DL3 gene (crude OR = 8; p = 0.048) were positive for HBeAg and patients who carried the KIR3DL2 gene (crude OR = 3.21; p = 0.012) had a high HBV viral load compared to the rest of the study population. Conclusion Our data showed evidence of a correlation between the risk of developing chronic HBV infection and certain KIR gene frequencies and also show that KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR2DS1 might confer a protective status against chronic HBV infection.
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9
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Sun HS, Liu DX, Bai YY, Hu NW. Disease-association of different killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and HLA-C gene combinations in reactive arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:531-537. [PMID: 29848119 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1483292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Xia Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Yan Bai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nai Wen Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Hydes T, Noll A, Salinas‐Riester G, Abuhilal M, Armstrong T, Hamady Z, Primrose J, Takhar A, Walter L, Khakoo SI. IL-12 and IL-15 induce the expression of CXCR6 and CD49a on peripheral natural killer cells. Immun Inflamm Dis 2018; 6:34-46. [PMID: 28952190 PMCID: PMC5818449 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Murine hepatic NK cells exhibit adaptive features, with liver-specific adhesion molecules CXCR6 and CD49a acting as surface markers. METHODS We investigated human liver-resident CXCR6+ and CD49a+ NK cells using RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and functional analysis. We further assessed the role of cytokines in generating NK cells with these phenotypes from the peripheral blood. RESULTS Hepatic CD49a+ NK cells could be induced using cytokines and produce high quantities of IFNγ and TNFα, in contrast to hepatic CXCR6+ NK cells. RNA sequencing of liver-resident CXCR6+ NK cells confirmed a tolerant immature phenotype with reduced expression of markers associated with maturity and cytotoxicity. Liver-resident double-positive CXCR6 + CD49a+ hepatic NK cells are immature but maintain high expression of Th1 cytokines as observed for single-positive CD49a+ NK cells. We show that stimulation with activating cytokines can readily induce upregulation of both CD49a and CXCR6 on NK cells in the peripheral blood. In particular, IL-12 and IL-15 can generate CXCR6 + CD49a+ NK cells in vitro from NK cells isolated from the peripheral blood, with comparable phenotypic and functional features to liver-resident CD49a+ NK cells, including enhanced IFNγ and NKG2C expression. CONCLUSION IL-12 and IL-15 may be key for generating NK cells with a tissue-homing phenotype and strong Th1 cytokine profile in the blood, and links peripheral activation of NK cells with tissue-homing. These findings may have important therapeutic implications for immunotherapy of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hydes
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CentreGöttingenGermany
| | - Gabriela Salinas‐Riester
- Transcriptome and Genome Analysis Laboratory GöttingenUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGermany
| | - Mohammed Abuhilal
- Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Thomas Armstrong
- Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Zaed Hamady
- Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - John Primrose
- Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Arjun Takhar
- Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CentreGöttingenGermany
| | - Salim I. Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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11
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Yindom LM, Mendy M, Bodimeade C, Chambion C, Aka P, Whittle HC, Rowland-Jones SL, Walton R. KIR content genotypes associate with carriage of hepatitis B surface antigen, e antigen and HBV viral load in Gambians. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188307. [PMID: 29149205 PMCID: PMC5693433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes over 800,000 deaths worldwide annually, mainly in low income countries, and incidence is rising rapidly in the developed world with the spread of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses. Natural Killer (NK) cells protect against viral infections and tumours by killing abnormal cells recognised by Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR). Thus genes and haplotypes encoding these receptors may be important in determining both outcome of initial hepatitis infection and subsequent chronic liver disease and tumour formation. HBV is highly prevalent in The Gambia and the commonest cause of liver disease. The Gambia Liver Cancer Study was a matched case-control study conducted between September 1997 and January 2001 where cases with liver disease were identified in three tertiary referral hospitals and matched with out-patient controls with no clinical evidence of liver disease. METHODS We typed 15 KIR genes using the polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 279 adult Gambians, 136 with liver disease (HCC or Cirrhosis) and 143 matched controls. We investigated effects of KIR genotypes and haplotypes on HBV infection and associations with cirrhosis and HCC. RESULTS Homozygosity for KIR group A gene-content haplotype was associated with HBsAg carriage (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.4-10.0) whilst telomeric A genotype (t-AA) was associated with reduced risk of e antigenaemia (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.0-0.6) and lower viral loads (mean log viral load 5.2 vs. 6.9, pc = 0.022). One novel telomeric B genotype (t-ABx2) containing KIR3DS1 (which is rare in West Africa) was also linked to e antigenaemia (OR 8.8, 95% CI 1.3-60.5). There were no associations with cirrhosis or HCC. CONCLUSION Certain KIR profiles may promote clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen whilst others predispose to e antigen carriage and high viral load. Larger studies are necessary to quantify the effects of individual KIR genes, haplotypes and KIR/HLA combinations on long-term viral carriage and risk of liver cancer. KIR status could potentially inform antiviral therapy and identify those at increased risk of complications for enhanced surveillance.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/chemistry
- Female
- Gambia
- Gene Expression
- Genotype
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/immunology
- Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/complications
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Receptors, KIR/classification
- Receptors, KIR/genetics
- Receptors, KIR/immunology
- Tertiary Care Centers
- Viral Load/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Yindom
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (UK), Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Maimuna Mendy
- Medical Research Council (UK), Fajara, The Gambia
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Peter Aka
- Medical Research Council (UK), Fajara, The Gambia
- Demographic and Health Surveys, ICF International, Rockville, Maryland United States of America
| | - Hilton C. Whittle
- Medical Research Council (UK), Fajara, The Gambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Rowland-Jones
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (UK), Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Robert Walton
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Di Bona D, Aiello A, Colomba C, Bilancia M, Accardi G, Rubino R, Giannitrapani L, Tuttolomondo A, Cascio A, Caiaffa MF, Rizzo S, Di Lorenzo G, Candore G, Duro G, Macchia L, Montalto G, Caruso C. KIR2DL3 and the KIR ligand groups HLA-A-Bw4 and HLA-C2 predict the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:768-775. [PMID: 28211154 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) regulate the activation of natural killer cells through their interaction with human leucocyte antigens (HLA). KIR and HLA loci are highly polymorphic, and certain HLA-KIR combinations have been found to protect against viral infections. In this study, we analysed whether the KIR/HLA repertoire may influence the course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Fifty-seven subjects with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 44 subjects with resolved HBV infection and 60 healthy uninfected controls (HC) were genotyped for KIR and their HLA ligands. The frequency of the HLA-A-Bw4 ligand group was higher in CHB (58%) than subjects with resolved infection (23%) (crude OR, 4.67; P<.001) and HC (10%) (crude OR, 12.38; P<.001). Similar results were obtained for the HLA-C2 ligand group, more frequent in CHB (84%), than subjects with resolved infection (70%) (crude OR, 2.24; P<.10) and HC (60%) (crude OR, 3.56; P<.01). Conversely, the frequency of KIR2DL3 was lower in CHB (81%) than in subjects with resolved infection (98%) (crude OR, 0.10; P<.05). These results suggest a detrimental role of HLA-A-Bw4 and HLA-C2 groups, which are associated with the development of CHB, and a protective role of KIR2DL3. A stepwise variable selection procedure, based on multiple logistic regression analysis, identified these three predictive variables as the most relevant, featuring high specificity (90.9%) and positive predictive value (87.5%) for the development of CHB. Our results suggest that a combination of KIR/HLA gene/alleles is able to predict the outcome of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Di Bona
- Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti d'Organo, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - A Aiello
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Colomba
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno-Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Bilancia
- Dipartmento Jonico in Sistemi Giuridici ed Economici del Mediterraneo: Società, Ambiente, Culture, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - G Accardi
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R Rubino
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno-Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Giannitrapani
- Dipartimento BioMedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento BioMedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Cascio
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno-Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M F Caiaffa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - S Rizzo
- Unità Operativa di Medicina Trasfusionale, AOUP, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento BioMedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Candore
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unità Operativa di Medicina Trasfusionale, AOUP, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Duro
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Macchia
- Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti d'Organo, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - G Montalto
- Dipartimento BioMedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Caruso
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unità Operativa di Medicina Trasfusionale, AOUP, Palermo, Italy
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- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Unità Operativa di Medicina Trasfusionale, AOUP, Palermo, Italy
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13
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Mahapatra S, Mace EM, Minard CG, Forbes LR, Vargas-Hernandez A, Duryea TK, Makedonas G, Banerjee PP, Shearer WT, Orange JS. High-resolution phenotyping identifies NK cell subsets that distinguish healthy children from adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181134. [PMID: 28767726 PMCID: PMC5540415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical in immune defense against infected, stressed or transformed cells. Their function is regulated by the heterogeneous expression of a wide array of surface receptors that shape its phenotypic diversity. Although NK cells develop in the bone marrow and secondary lymphoid tissues, substantive differentiation is apparent in the peripheral blood including known age-related variation. In order to gain greater insight into phenotypic and functional variation within peripheral blood NK cells across age groups, we used multi-parametric, polyfunctional flow cytometry to interrogate the NK cell variability in 20 healthy adults and 15 5–10, 11–15 and 16–20 year-old children. We found that the normative ranges in both adults and children displayed great inter-individual variation for most markers. While the expression of several receptors did not differ, among those that did, the majority of the differences existed between adults and the three pediatric groups, rather than among children of different ages. Interestingly, we also identified variation in the individual expression of some markers by sex and ethnicity. Combinatorial analysis of NK cell receptors revealed intermediate subsets between the CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells. Furthermore, on examining the NK cell diversity by age, adults were discovered to have the lowest developmental diversity. Thus, our findings identify previously unappreciated NK cell subsets potentially distinguishing children from adults and suggest functional correlates that may have relevance in age-specific host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mahapatra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JO); (EM)
| | - Charles G. Minard
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa R. Forbes
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernandez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Teresa K. Duryea
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Residents’ Primary Care Group, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - George Makedonas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pinaki P. Banerjee
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - William T. Shearer
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JO); (EM)
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14
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Kalyanaraman N, Thayumanavan L, Jayalakshmi M. KIR : HLA association with clinical manifestations of HBV infection in Madurai, south India. J Genet 2016; 95:13-9. [PMID: 27019428 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The antiviral action of natural killer (NK) cells is regulated by a wide repertoire of germ-line encoded membrane receptors which recognize the expression of certain self-molecules on target cells. Among the receptors, killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptor (KIR) which recognizes the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I has a predominant role in regulating the effector functions of NK cells, particularly in viral infections.We studied a total of 128 hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients (15 acute, 43 asymptomatic, 27 chronic and 43 with other liver diseases) while attending the Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, India, and 128 ethnic matched control to find the association between the KIR : HLA genes and differential manifestations of HBV. KIR and its ligand HLA polymorphism were identified by DNAPCR methods. The activatory receptor KIR-2DS1 was significantly elevated in various disease categories, namely asymptomatic, chronic and other HBV, except acute HBV infection. Whereas, KIR 2DS3 in acute and chronic patients and KIR 2DS5 and 3DS1 in asymptomatic individuals. Among various KIR-HLA combinations, homozygous 2DS2:C1 and individuals with 3DSI:BW4 (OR = 3.23, CI = 1.55-6.7, Pc = 0.02) are associated with HBV asymptomatism, while most of the two domain inhibitory receptors with their ligands showed significant risk in other liver diseases. Further, KIR3DL1 : HLA Bw4Iso80 (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.58-9.55, Pc = 0.004) is related with higher risk for asymptomatic infection when compared with chronic HBV. Thus, the select KIR : HLA alleles and combinations seem to direct the NK cell activities and immune response in different directions resulting in varied symptoms and manifestations in the subgroups of HBV-infected patients studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Kalyanaraman
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021,
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15
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Penman BS, Moffett A, Chazara O, Gupta S, Parham P. Reproduction, infection and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor haplotype evolution. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:755-764. [PMID: 27517293 PMCID: PMC5056949 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are encoded by one of the most polymorphic families in the human genome. KIRs are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, which have dual roles: (1) in fighting infection and (2) in reproduction, regulating hemochorial placentation. Uniquely among primates, human KIR genes are arranged into two haplotypic combinations: KIR A and KIR B. It has been proposed that KIR A is specialized to fight infection, whilst KIR B evolved to help ensure successful reproduction. Here we demonstrate that a combination of infectious disease selection and reproductive selection can drive the evolution of KIR B-like haplotypes from a KIR A-like founder haplotype. Continued selection to survive and to reproduce maintains a balance between KIR A and KIR B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget S Penman
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PS, UK.
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Olympe Chazara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Sunetra Gupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PS, UK
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
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16
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Screening and identification of proteins interacting with IL-24 by the yeast two-hybrid screen, Co-IP, and FRET assays. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:318-27. [PMID: 26930462 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is an ideal tumor-suppressor gene, but the mechanisms underlying its antitumor specificity remain to be elucidated. The best way to investigate these problems is to begin from the initiation of corresponding signaling cascades activated by IL-24 with screening and identifying those proteins that interacted with IL-24. With the aim of identifying these initial interactions, a yeast two-hybrid screening was performed by transforming AH109 cells containing PGBKT7-IL-24 with a liver cDNA plasmid library. These cells were then plated on synthetic nutrient medium (SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His) for the first screening and on quadruple dropout medium containing X-α-gal for the second screening. Positive colonies were further verified by repeating the MATE experiments, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analysis, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays in vitro. Following the yeast two-hybrid screening, 15 genes were selected for sequencing, with two genes, HLA-C and NDUFA13, further verified using Co-IP assays and FRET assays. Both HLA-C and NDUFA13 were found to interact with IL-24. We found that HLA-C and NDUFA13 could interact with IL-24 and it may be involved in the signal induced by IL-24. Overall, this study contributes further insight into the cancer-specific apoptosis-inducing abilities of IL-24 to potentially enhance its therapeutic potential, and it also provides outlets for other biological functions of IL-24.
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17
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Zhen J, He L, Xu Y, Zhao J, Yu Q, Zou H, Sun G, Deng Z. Allelic polymorphism of KIR2DL2/2DL3 in a southern Chinese population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 86:362-7. [PMID: 26423800 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 segregate as alleles of the same killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene locus. They have been associated with viral infectious diseases and certain cancers and their allelic information may help to better comprehend mechanisms. The allelic polymorphism of KIR2DL2/2DL3 has been shown to influence their binding specificity and affinity to the HLA-C1 ligands. The present study aims to investigate the distribution of the allelic polymorphism of KIR2DL2/2DL3 in a southern Chinese population using sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) and PCR-sequence-based typing (SBT) at the entire coding sequence. Of the 306 tested individuals, 1.96% were positive for KIR2DL2 only, 78.10% for KIR2DL3 only, and 19.93% for both KIR2DL2 and 2DL3. KIR2DL3 showed a high degree of diversity in the study population with 15 alleles detected including 8 novel ones. The predominant 2DL3 allele in the study population is 2DL3*00101 (92.81%) followed by 2DL3*00201 (24.18%), 2DL3*023 (4.25%), and 2DL3*00109 (1.31%). The remaining 11 2DL3 alleles all had a frequency below 1%. Three detected 2DL2 alleles were 2DL2*00301 (18.95%), 2DL2*00101 (3.59%), and the novel 2DL2*013 (0.33%). These results provide further insight into the KIR gene diversity in Southern Chinese and may help to better understand the role played by KIR genes in associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - L He
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Xu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Zhao
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Q Yu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Zou
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - G Sun
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Z Deng
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
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18
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The effect of KIR2D-HLA-C receptor-ligand interactions on clinical outcome in a HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected Thai population. AIDS 2015; 29:1607-15. [PMID: 26372271 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles interact with both cytotoxic T lymphocytes through their T-cell receptors, and natural killer cells through their killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). Compared with the reported protective effect of KIR3DL1/S1-HLA-Bw4 interactions in HIV-infected patients, the effect of KIR2D-HLA-C combinations on HIV control remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of KIR2D-HLA-C combinations on HIV disease progression. DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of a Thai HIV cohort. METHODS Two hundred and nine HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected, treatment-naive Thai patients (CD4 T-cell counts of >200/μl) and 104 exposed seronegatives were studied. The effect of KIR-HLA receptor-ligand combinations on viral transmission and survival rate was statistically analyzed. RESULTS We found the following results: higher frequency of patients expressing both KIR2DL3 and HLA-C1 among infected patients compared with exposed seronegative (odds ratio 4.8, P = 0.004), higher viral load in patients expressing HLA-C1 with KIR2DL3 compared with those without this receptor-ligand combination (median 4.8 vs. 4.2 log copies/ml, P = 0.033), higher numbers of KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 interactions was associated with a higher viral load (β = 0.13, P = 0.039 by linear regression model), and higher mortality rate in carriers of the KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 combination (adjusted hazard ratio 1.9, P = 0.012 by Cox hazard model). CONCLUSION We have identified a deleterious effect of the KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 receptor-ligand combination on HIV clinical outcomes in a Thai cohort. Further investigation into mechanisms underlying this susceptibility may aid the understanding of the role of natural killer cells in HIV disease control and pathogenesis.
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19
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Perce-da-Silva DS, Silva LA, Lima-Junior JC, Cardoso-Oliveira J, Ribeiro-Alves M, Santos F, Porto LCMS, Oliveira-Ferreira J, Banic DM. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene diversity in a population naturally exposed to malaria in Porto Velho, Northern Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 85:190-9. [PMID: 25656387 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are expressed mainly in natural killer cells and specifically recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. The repertoire of KIR genes and KIR-HLA pairs is known to play a key role in the susceptibilities to and the outcomes of several diseases, including malaria. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of KIR genes, KIR genotypes and KIR-HLA pair combinations in a population naturally exposed to malaria from Brazilian Amazon. All 16 KIR genes investigated were present in the studied population. Overall, 46 KIR genotypes were defined. The two most common genotypes in the Porto Velho communities, genotypes 1 and 2, were present at similar frequencies as in the Americas. Principal component analysis based on the frequencies of the KIR genes placed the Porto Velho population closer to the Venezuela Mestizos, USA California hispanic and Brazil Paraná Mixed in terms of KIR gene frequencies. This analysis highlights the multi-ethnic profile of the Porto Velho population. Most of the individuals were found to have at least one inhibitory KIR-HLA pair. Seventy-five KIR-HLA pair combinations were identified. The KIR-2DL2/3_HLA-C1, KIR3DL1_HLA-Bw4 and KIR2DL1_HLA-C2 pairs were the most common. There was no association between KIR genes, KIR genotypes or KIR-HLA pair combinations and malaria susceptibility in the studied population. This is the first report on the distribution of KIR and known HLA ligands in the Porto Velho population. Taken together, these results should provide baseline information that will be relevant to population evolutionary history, malaria and other diseases studies in populations of the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Perce-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Simulids and Onchocerciasis "Malaria and Onchocerciasis Research", Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Yindom LM, Wong G, de Silva TI, Rowland-Jones SL. Complete genomic sequence of KIR3DL1*0150102. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:595-6. [PMID: 25352058 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Full-length sequence of KIR3DL1*0150102 differs from that of KIR3DL1*0150101 in intron 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-M Yindom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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KIR and a specific HLA-C gene are associated with susceptibility and resistance to hepatitis B virus infection in a Brazilian population. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:609-12. [PMID: 24842861 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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22
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Schafer JL, Colantonio AD, Neidermyer WJ, Dudley DM, Connole M, O’Connor DH, Evans DT. KIR3DL01 recognition of Bw4 ligands in the rhesus macaque: maintenance of Bw4 specificity since the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:1907-17. [PMID: 24453246 PMCID: PMC4162532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification of MHC class I ligands for rhesus macaque killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) is fundamental to our basic understanding of KIR and MHC class I coevolution and to the study of NK cell responses in this nonhuman primate model for AIDS and other viral diseases. In this study, we show that Mamu-KIR3DL01, which is expressed by ∼90% of rhesus macaques, recognizes MHC class I molecules with a Bw4 motif. Primary NK cells expressing Mamu-KIR3DL01 were identified by staining with a mAb which, in this study, was shown to bind Mamu-KIR3DL01 allotypes with an aspartic acid at position 233. The cytolytic activity of Mamu-KIR3DL01(+) NK cells was suppressed by cell lines expressing the Bw4 molecules Mamu-B*007:01, -B*041:01, -B*058:02, and -B*065:01. The Bw4 motif was necessary for Mamu-KIR3DL01 recognition because substitutions in this region abrogated Mamu-KIR3DL01(+) NK cell inhibition. However, the presence of a Bw4 motif was not sufficient for recognition because another Bw4 molecule, Mamu-B*017:01, failed to suppress the cytolytic activity of these NK cells. Replacement of three residues in Mamu-B*017:01, predicted to be KIR contacts based on the three-dimensional structure of the human KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 complex, with the corresponding residues at these positions for the other Mamu-Bw4 ligands restored Mamu-KIR3DL01(+) NK cell inhibition. These results define the ligand specificity of one of the most polymorphic and commonly expressed KIRs in the rhesus macaque and reveal similarities in Bw4 recognition by Mamu-KIR3DL01 and human KIR3DL1, despite the absence of an orthologous relationship between these two KIRs or conservation of surface residues predicted to interact with MHC class I ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - Arnaud D. Colantonio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - William J. Neidermyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Michelle Connole
- Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772
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23
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Kibar F, Goruroglu Ozturk O, Ulu A, Erken E, Inal S, Dinkci S, Kurtaran B, Tasova Y, Aksu HSZ, Yaman A. Role of KIR genes and genotypes in susceptibility to or protection against hepatitis B virus infection in a Turkish cohort. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:28-34. [PMID: 24407110 PMCID: PMC3894916 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a family of inhibitory and activating receptors expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and regulate NK cell activity in the innate response against viral infections. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of KIR genes and genotypes as a candidate for susceptibility to or protection against chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or spontaneous remission of the infection in a Turkish cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study was carried out on 37 patients with chronic HBV infection, 36 patients in spontaneous remission of HBV infection, and 85 healthy subjects. Sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes analysis was used to investigate 16 KIR genes. All data were statistically analyzed by the Fisher exact test. RESULTS The rate of inhibitory KIR2DL3 (p=0.0) and 3DS1 (p=0.0) were higher in the healthy group than the group composed of chronic HBV patients and patients with spontaneous remission. There were no statistically significant differences between the rate of AA and Bx genotypes of chronic HBV patients and patients with spontaneous remission and the control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that KIR2DL3 and KIR3DS1 genes could be protector genes for HBV infection and they could be important immuno-genetic markers in determining antiviral immunity in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Kibar
- Central Laboratory, Balcali Hospital, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Aslıhan Ulu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Eren Erken
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Seza Inal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Suzan Dinkci
- HLA Laboratory, Cukurova University, Balcali Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Behice Kurtaran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yesim Tasova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hasan Salih Zeki Aksu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Akgun Yaman
- Central Laboratory, Balcali Hospital, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Association of human leukocyte antigen class I polymorphism with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen in Qidong Han population. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:145725. [PMID: 24324503 PMCID: PMC3845701 DOI: 10.1155/2013/145725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether HLA class I polymorphisms could influence the clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Qidong Han population. METHODS We genotyped HLA-A, -B, and -C loci of 448 individuals with HBV persistent infection and 140 persons with spontaneous clearance of HBsAg by polymerase chain reaction with sequencing based typing (PCR/SBT). All the individuals were unrelated males enrolled from Qidong Han population and were followed up for 10 years. RESULTS The frequency of HLA-A∗33:03:01G was increased in persistent HBV infection group (P value is 0.028), while frequency of HLA-B∗13:01:01G was increased in HBsAg clearance group (P value is 0.0004). CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the host HLA class I polymorphism is an important factor in determining the outcomes of HBV infection.
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Zhuang YL, Song Y, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Wang D, Nie X, Liu Y, Ren GJ. Association of KIR genotypes and haplotypes with syphilis in a Chinese Han population. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:361-7. [PMID: 22126195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) can regulate the activation of NK and T cells in response to infection. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum spirochete bacterium. The objective of this study was to explore whether KIR genotypes and haplotypes were associated with syphilis in a Chinese Han population. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) was used to identify the KIR genotypes in 190 patients with syphilis and 192 healthy controls. The frequency of genotype P was higher in healthy controls than that in patients with syphilis (P = 0.002), and its OR was 0.304, while the frequencies of genotypes AE and AG were higher in patients with syphilis than those in healthy controls. The frequency of haplotype 17 was lower, and its OR was 0.321, whereas the frequencies of haplotype 1 and 6 were higher in patients with syphilis than those in healthy controls. KIR haplotypes A and B have distinctive centromeric (Cen) and telomeric (Tel) gene content motifs. The frequency of Tel-B/B was higher in patients with syphilis than that in healthy controls (P = 0.024). Based on these findings, it seems that individuals with the genotype AE, AG or Tel-B/B, or haplotypes 1 and 6 are susceptible to syphilis, whereas individuals with genotype P or haplotype 17 are protective from syphilis in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Zhuang
- Blood Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China Jinan Hospital of Dermatosis, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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26
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Hong HA, Loubser AS, de Assis Rosa D, Naranbhai V, Carr W, Paximadis M, Lewis DA, Tiemessen CT, Gray CM. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotyping and HLA killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor-ligand identification by real-time polymerase chain reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 78:185-94. [PMID: 21810083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effector function of natural killer (NK) cells is modulated by surface expression of a range of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) that interact with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands. We describe the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that allow easy and quick detection of 16 KIR genes and the presence/absence of KIR-ligands based on allelic discrimination at codon 80 in the HLA-A/B Bw4 and HLA-C C1/C2 genes. These methods overcome the tedious and expensive nature of conventional KIR genotyping and HLA class I typing using sequence-specific primer (SSP) PCR, sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) hybridization or sequence-based typing (SBT). Using these two cost-effective assays, we measured the frequencies of KIRs, KIR-ligands and KIR/KIR-ligand pairs in a cohort of Black women recruited in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Hong
- AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
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27
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Abstract
NK cell effector function is regulated by a range of activating and inhibitory receptors, and many of their known ligands are MHC class I molecules. Human NK receptors encoded by the Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene family recognize polymorphic HLA-C as well as some HLA-A and HLA-B molecules. KIRs are expressed by uterine NK (uNK) cells, which are distinctive NK cells directly in contact with the invading fetal placental cells that transform the uterine arteries during the first trimester. Trophoblast cells express both maternal and paternal HLA-C allotypes and can therefore potentially interact with KIRs expressed by uNK. Therefore, allorecognition of paternal HLA-C by maternal KIR might influence trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling, with subsequent effects on placental development and the outcome of pregnancy. We discuss here the studies relating to KIR/HLA-C interactions with an emphasis on how these function during pregnancy to regulate placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olympe Chazara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Jamil KM, Khakoo SI. KIR/HLA interactions and pathogen immunity. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:298348. [PMID: 21629750 PMCID: PMC3100571 DOI: 10.1155/2011/298348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defence in response to pathogen infection. Natural killer (NK) cells perform a vital role in this response with the ability to directly kill infected cells, produce cytokines, and cross-talk with the adaptive immune system. These effector functions are dependent on activation of NK cells which is determined by surface receptor interactions with ligands on target cells. Of these receptors, the polymorphic killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), which interact with MHC class 1 (also highly polymorphic), are largely inhibitory, and exhibit substantial genetic diversity. The result is a significant variation of NK cell repertoire between individuals and also between populations, with a multitude of possible KIR:HLA combinations. As each KIR:ligand interaction may have differential effects on NK cell activation and inhibition, this diversity has important potential influences on the host response to infections. Genetic studies have demonstrated associations between specific KIR:ligand combinations and the outcome of viral (and other) infections, in particular hepatitis C and HIV infection. Detailed functional studies are not required to define the mechanisms underpinning these disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel M. Jamil
- Department of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Salim I. Khakoo
- Department of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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