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Wu H, Sun Z, Guo Q, Li C. Mapping knowledge landscapes and research frontiers of gastrointestinal microbiota and bone metabolism: a text-mining study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1407180. [PMID: 39055979 PMCID: PMC11270605 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1407180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to elucidating the intricate pathways by which gastrointestinal microbiota and their metabolites exert influence on the processes of bone formation. Nonetheless, a notable gap exists in the literature concerning a bibliometric analysis of research trends at the nexus of gastrointestinal microbiota and bone metabolism. Methods To address this scholarly void, the present study employs a suite of bibliometric tools including online platforms, CiteSpace and VOSviewer to scrutinize the pertinent literature in the realm of gastrointestinal microbiota and bone metabolism. Results and discussion Examination of the temporal distribution of publications spanning from 2000 to 2023 reveals a discernible upward trajectory in research output, characterized by an average annual growth rate of 19.2%. Notably, China and the United States emerge as primary contributors. Predominant among contributing institutions are Emory University, Harvard University, and the University of California. Pacifici R from Emory University contributed the most research with 15 publications. In the realm of academic journals, Nutrients emerges as the foremost publisher, followed closely by Frontiers in Microbiology and PLOS One. And PLOS One attains the highest average citations of 32.48. Analysis of highly cited papers underscores a burgeoning interest in the therapeutic potential of probiotics or probiotic blends in modulating bone metabolism by augmenting host immune responses. Notably, significant research attention has coalesced around the therapeutic interventions of probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus reuteri, in osteoporosis, as well as the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in the etiology and progression of osteoarthritis. Keyword analysis reveals prevalent terms including gut microbiota, osteoporosis, bone density, probiotics, inflammation, SCFAs, metabolism, osteoarthritis, calcium absorption, obesity, double-blind, prebiotics, mechanisms, postmenopausal women, supplementation, risk factors, oxidative stress, and immune system. Future research endeavors warrant a nuanced exploration of topics such as inflammation, obesity, SCFAs, postmenopausal osteoporosis, skeletal muscle, oxidative stress, double-blind trials, and pathogenic mechanisms. In summary, this study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research on the interplay between gastrointestinal microbiota and bone metabolism, offering valuable insights for scholars, particularly nascent researchers, embarking on analogous investigations within this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zaijie Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Dong J, Shu G, Yang J, Wang B, Chen L, Gong Z, Zhang X. Mechanistic study on the alleviation of postmenopausal osteoporosis by Lactobacillus acidophilus through butyrate-mediated inhibition of osteoclast activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7042. [PMID: 38528074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In China, traditional medications for osteoporosis have significant side effects, low compliance, and high costs, making it urgent to explore new treatment options. Probiotics have demonstrated superiority in the treatment of various chronic diseases, and the reduction of bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is closely related to the degradation and metabolism of intestinal probiotics. It is crucial to explore the role and molecular mechanisms of probiotics in alleviating PMOP through their metabolites, as well as their therapeutic effects. We aim to identify key probiotics and their metabolites that affect bone loss in PMOP through 16srDNA sequencing combined with non-targeted metabolomics sequencing, and explore the impact and possible mechanisms of key probiotics and their metabolites on the progression of PMOP in the context of osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency. The sequencing results showed a significant decrease in Lactobacillus acidophilus and butyrate in PMOP patients. In vivo experiments confirmed that the intervention of L. acidophilus and butyrate significantly inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity, improved intestinal barrier permeability, suppressed B cells, and the production of RANKL on B cells, effectively reduced systemic bone loss induced by oophorectomy, with butyric acid levels regulated by L. acidophilus. Consistently, in vitro experiments have confirmed that butyrate can directly inhibit the formation of osteoclasts and bone resorption activity. The above research results indicate that there are various pathways through which L. acidophilus inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity through butyrate. Intervention with L. acidophilus may be a safe and promising treatment strategy for osteoclast related bone diseases, such as PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Guizhao Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lingqiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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3
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Putra NE, Zhou J, Zadpoor AA. Sustainable Sources of Raw Materials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone-Substituting Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301837. [PMID: 37535435 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for sustainable development has never been more urgent, as the world continues to struggle with environmental challenges, such as climate change, pollution, and dwindling natural resources. The use of renewable and recycled waste materials as a source of raw materials for biomaterials and tissue engineering is a promising avenue for sustainable development. Although tissue engineering has rapidly developed, the challenges associated with fulfilling the increasing demand for bone substitutes and implants remain unresolved, particularly as the global population ages. This review provides an overview of waste materials, such as eggshells, seashells, fish residues, and agricultural biomass, that can be transformed into biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. While the development of recycled metals is in its early stages, the use of probiotics and renewable polymers to improve the biofunctionalities of bone implants is highlighted. Despite the advances of additive manufacturing (AM), studies on AM waste-derived bone-substitutes are limited. It is foreseeable that AM technologies can provide a more sustainable alternative to manufacturing biomaterials and implants. The preliminary results of eggshell and seashell-derived calcium phosphate and rice husk ash-derived silica can likely pave the way for more advanced applications of AM waste-derived biomaterials for sustainably addressing several unmet clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko E Putra
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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4
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Wang Y, Li Y, Bo L, Zhou E, Chen Y, Naranmandakh S, Xie W, Ru Q, Chen L, Zhu Z, Ding C, Wu Y. Progress of linking gut microbiota and musculoskeletal health: casualty, mechanisms, and translational values. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2263207. [PMID: 37800576 PMCID: PMC10561578 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2263207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is important for balancing metabolic activity and maintaining health. Recent studies have shown that distortions in homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota are correlated with or may even contribute to abnormalities in musculoskeletal system function. Research has also shown that the intestinal flora and its secondary metabolites can impact the musculoskeletal system by regulating various phenomena, such as inflammation and immune and metabolic activities. Most of the existing literature supports that reasonable nutritional intervention helps to improve and maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, and may have a positive impact on musculoskeletal health. The purpose of organizing, summarizing and discussing the existing literature is to explore whether the intervention methods, including nutritional supplement and moderate exercise, can affect the muscle and bone health by regulating the microecology of the intestinal flora. More in-depth efficacy verification experiments will be helpful for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Bo
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enyuan Zhou
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shinen Naranmandakh
- School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhu
- Clinical Research Centre, Orthopedic Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Orthopedic Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Morimoto T, Kobayashi T, Kakiuchi T, Esaki M, Tsukamoto M, Yoshihara T, Hirata H, Yabuki S, Mawatari M. Gut-spine axis: a possible correlation between gut microbiota and spinal degenerative diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1290858. [PMID: 37965563 PMCID: PMC10641865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1290858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As society ages, the number of patients with spinal degenerative diseases (SDD) is increasing, posing a major socioeconomic problem for patients and their families. SDD refers to a generic term for degenerative diseases of spinal structures, including osteoporosis (bone), facet osteoarthritis (joint), intervertebral disk degeneration (disk), lumbar spinal canal stenosis (yellow ligament), and spinal sarcopenia (muscle). We propose the term "gut-spine axis" for the first time, given the influence of gut microbiota (GM) on the metabolic, immune, and endocrine environment in hosts through various potential mechanisms. A close cross-talk is noted between the aforementioned spinal components and degenerative diseases. This review outlines the nature and role of GM, highlighting GM abnormalities associated with the degeneration of spinal components. It also summarizes the evidence linking GM to various SDD. The gut-spine axis perspective can provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of SDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatsugu Morimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kakiuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Motohiro Esaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomohito Yoshihara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shoji Yabuki
- Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mawatari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Singh S, Sarma DK, Verma V, Nagpal R, Kumar M. From Cells to Environment: Exploring the Interplay between Factors Shaping Bone Health and Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1546. [PMID: 37763665 PMCID: PMC10532995 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The skeletal system is an extraordinary structure that serves multiple purposes within the body, including providing support, facilitating movement, and safeguarding vital organs. Moreover, it acts as a reservoir for essential minerals crucial for overall bodily function. The intricate interplay of bone cells plays a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis, ensuring a delicate balance. However, various factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, can disrupt this vital physiological process. These factors encompass genetics, aging, dietary and lifestyle choices, the gut microbiome, environmental toxins, and more. They can interfere with bone health through several mechanisms, such as hormonal imbalances, disruptions in bone turnover, direct toxicity to osteoblasts, increased osteoclast activity, immune system aging, impaired inflammatory responses, and disturbances in the gut-bone axis. As a consequence, these disturbances can give rise to a range of bone disorders. The regulation of bone's physiological functions involves an intricate network of continuous processes known as bone remodeling, which is influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the organism. However, our understanding of the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the complex interactions between environmental factors and the host elements that affect bone health is still in its nascent stages. In light of this, this comprehensive review aims to explore emerging evidence surrounding bone homeostasis, potential risk factors influencing it, and prospective therapeutic interventions for future management of bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samradhi Singh
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Vinod Verma
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32302, USA;
| | - Manoj Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (D.K.S.)
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7
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Roselló-Añón A, Chiappe C, Valverde-Vázquez MR, Sangüesa-Nebot MJ, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Pérez-Martínez G, Doménech-Fernández J. [Translated article] Pilot study to determine the association between gut microbiota and fragility hip fracture. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2023; 67:T279-T289. [PMID: 36878282 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hip fractures are the most common cause of hospital admission to orthopaedic departments in Europe and they generate a major health problem. Therefore, it is of great interest to identify additional risk factors that will help us to better understand the pathophysiology of these fractures and improve our preventive capacity. There is sufficient data to support the theory of modulation of bone mass by gut microbiota (osteomicrobiology); however, there is a lack of human clinical studies directly linking microbiota to hip fracture risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational, analytical, case-control study. The sample consisted of 50 patients and it was distributed as follows: 25 elderly patients with fragility hip fracture and 25 subjects without fracture. The intestinal microbiota was determined by DNA extraction from stool samples and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing after generation of gene libraries. RESULTS Alpha diversity revealed an elevation of the estimators for the taxonomic class level in the hip fracture group. The orders Bacteroidales, Oscillospirales, Lachnospirales, Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales and Enterobacterales were the dominant orders in both groups. In patients with fracture, a significant percentage increase in the orders Bacteroidales (p<.001) and Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales (p<.005) was observed, as well as a decrease in the orders Lachnospirales (p<.001) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS This study has found an association between a specific microbiota in elderly patients with fragility hip fracture. These findings open the door to new strategies to prevent hip fractures. Modification of the microbiota through probiotics may prove to be an effective method to reduce the risk of hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roselló-Añón
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain.
| | - C Chiappe
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - M R Valverde-Vázquez
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Sangüesa-Nebot
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - M C Gómez-Cabrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Lactic acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - J Doménech-Fernández
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain; Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Roselló-Añón A, Chiappe C, Valverde-Vázquez MR, Sangüesa-Nebot MJ, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Pérez-Martínez G, Doménech-Fernández J. Pilot study to determine the association between gut microbiota and fragility hip fracture. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2023; 67:279-289. [PMID: 36642372 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hip fractures are the most common cause of hospital admission to orthopaedic departments in Europe and they generate a major health problem. Therefore, it is of great interest to identify additional risk factors that will help us to better understand the pathophysiology of these fractures and improve our preventive capacity. There is sufficient data to support the theory of modulation of bone mass by gut microbiota (osteomicrobiology); however, there is a lack of human clinical studies directly linking microbiota to hip fracture risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational, analytical, case-control study. The sample consisted of 50 patients and it was distributed as follows: 25 elderly patients with fragility hip fracture and 25 subjects without fracture. The intestinal microbiota was determined by DNA extraction from stool samples and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing after generation of gene libraries. RESULTS Alpha diversity revealed an elevation of the estimators for the taxonomic class level in the hip fracture group. The orders Bacteroidales, Oscillospirales, Lachnospirales, Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales and Enterobacterales were the dominant orders in both groups. In patients with fracture, a significant percentage increase in the orders Bacteroidales (p<.001) and Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales (p<.005) was observed, as well as a decrease in the orders Lachnospirales (p<.001) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS This study has found an association between a specific microbiota in elderly patients with fragility hip fracture. These findings open the door to new strategies to prevent hip fractures. Modification of the microbiota through probiotics may prove to be an effective method to reduce the risk of hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roselló-Añón
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, España.
| | - C Chiappe
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, España
| | - M R Valverde-Vázquez
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, España
| | - M J Sangüesa-Nebot
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, España
| | - M C Gómez-Cabrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - G Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Lactic acid bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, España
| | - J Doménech-Fernández
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, España; Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, España
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Bedree JK, Kerns K, Chen T, Lima BP, Liu G, Ha P, Shi J, Pan HC, Kim JK, Tran L, Minot SS, Hendrickson EL, Lamont EI, Schulte F, Hardt M, Stephens D, Patel M, Kokaras A, Stodieck L, Shirazi-Fard Y, Wu B, Kwak JH, Ting K, Soo C, McLean JS, He X, Shi W. Specific host metabolite and gut microbiome alterations are associated with bone loss during spaceflight. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112299. [PMID: 37080202 PMCID: PMC10344367 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the axis of the human microbiome and physiological homeostasis is an essential task in managing deep-space-travel-associated health risks. The NASA-led Rodent Research 5 mission enabled an ancillary investigation of the gut microbiome, varying exposure to microgravity (flight) relative to ground controls in the context of previously shown bone mineral density (BMD) loss that was observed in these flight groups. We demonstrate elevated abundance of Lactobacillus murinus and Dorea sp. during microgravity exposure relative to ground control through whole-genome sequencing and 16S rRNA analyses. Specific functionally assigned gene clusters of L. murinus and Dorea sp. capable of producing metabolites, lactic acid, leucine/isoleucine, and glutathione are enriched. These metabolites are elevated in the microgravity-exposed host serum as shown by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomic analysis. Along with BMD loss, ELISA reveals increases in osteocalcin and reductions in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b signifying additional loss of bone homeostasis in flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Bedree
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Kristopher Kerns
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruno P Lima
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Guo Liu
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pin Ha
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth & Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hsin Chuan Pan
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jong Kil Kim
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Luan Tran
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel S Minot
- Microbiome Research Initiative, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erik L Hendrickson
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eleanor I Lamont
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fabian Schulte
- Forsyth Center for Salivary Diagnostics, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Markus Hardt
- Forsyth Center for Salivary Diagnostics, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle Stephens
- Multiplex Core, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michele Patel
- Multiplex Core, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexis Kokaras
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Louis Stodieck
- BioServe Space Technologies, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 288-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jin Hee Kwak
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth & Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kang Ting
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth & Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey S McLean
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xuesong He
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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10
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Ul-Haq A, Seo H, Jo S, Park H, Kim S, Lee Y, Lee S, Jeong JH, Song H. Characterization of Fecal Microbiomes of Osteoporotic Patients in Korea. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:601-613. [PMID: 36537058 PMCID: PMC9944973 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalanced gut microbiome has been linked to a higher risk of many bone-related diseases. The objective of this study was to discover biomarkers of osteoporosis (OP). So, we collected 76 stool samples (60 human controls and 16 OP patients), extracted DNA, and performed 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene-based amplicon sequencing. Among the taxa with an average taxonomic composition greater than 1%, only the Lachnospira genus showed a significant difference between the two groups. The Linear Discriminant Effect Size analysis and qPCR experiments indicated the Lachnospira genus as a potential biomarker of OP. Moreover, a total of 11 metabolic pathways varied between the two groups. Our study concludes that the genus Lachnospira is potentially crucial for diagnosing and treating osteoporosis. The findings of this study might help researchers better understand OP from a microbiome perspective. This research might develop more effective diagnostic and treatment methods for OP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ul-Haq
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Jo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuna Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebim Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hoon Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea, H.-Y. Song, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea; Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea; J.-H. Jeong, Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho‑Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea, H.-Y. Song, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea; Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea; J.-H. Jeong, Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea;
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11
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Chen X, Pan S, Li F, Xu X, Xing H. Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Potential Health Benefits: Involvement of the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolic Activity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121871. [PMID: 36551299 PMCID: PMC9775189 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse and abuse of antibiotics in livestock and poultry seriously endanger both human health and the continuously healthy development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Plant-derived bioactive compounds (curcumin, capsaicin, quercetin, resveratrol, catechin, lignans, etc.) have been widely studied in recent years, due to their extensive pharmacological functions and biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antistress, antitumor, antiviral, lowering blood glucose and lipids, and improving insulin sensitivity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that plant-derived bioactive compounds are able to enhance the host's ability to resist or diminish diseases by regulating the abundance of its gut microbiota, achieving great potential as a substitute for antibiotics. Recent developments in both humans and animals have also highlighted the major contribution of gut microbiota to the host's nutrition, metabolism, immunity, and neurological functions. Changes in gut microbiota composition are closely related to the development of obesity and can lead to numerous metabolic diseases. Mounting evidence has also demonstrated that plant-derived bioactive compounds, especially curcumin, can improve intestinal barrier function by regulating intestinal flora. Furthermore, bioactive constituents can be also directly metabolized by intestinal flora and further produce bioactive metabolites by the interaction between the host and intestinal flora. This largely enhances the protective effect of bioactive compounds on the host intestinal and whole body health, indicating that the bidirectional regulation between bioactive compounds and intestinal flora has great application potential in maintaining the host's intestinal health and preventing or treating various diseases. This review mainly summarizes the latest research progress in the bioregulation between gut microbiota and plant-derived bioactive compounds, together with its application potential in humans and animals, so as to provide theoretical support for the application of plant-derived bioactive compounds as new feed additives and potential substitutes for antibiotics in the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Overall, based on this review, it can be concluded that plant-derived bioactive compounds, by modulating gut microbiota, hold great promise toward the healthy development of both humans and animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shifeng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
- Guangling College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-8797-9274; Fax: +86-514-8797-2218
| | - Fei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hua Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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12
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Li L, Wang M, Bao J, Wang N, Huang Y, He S, Chen B, Yan F. Periodontitis may impair the homeostasis of systemic bone through regulation of gut microbiota in
ApoE
‐/‐
mice. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1304-1319. [PMID: 35871602 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Jun Bao
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Yuezhen Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
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13
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Zebrafish caudal fin as a model to investigate the role of probiotics in bone regeneration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8057. [PMID: 35577882 PMCID: PMC9110718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer several beneficial effects to the host, including enhancement of bone mineralization. However, probiotic action on bone regeneration is not well studied and therefore we analysed various effects of probiotic treatment on the caudal fin regeneration of zebrafish. Morphological analysis revealed an increased regenerated area with shorter and thicker lepidotrichia segments after probiotic treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy imaging analysis highlighted the distribution of phosphate groups in the regenerated fins and probiotic group showed higher amounts of well-crystallized hydroxyapatite. At the midpoint (5 days post amputation) of regeneration, probiotics were able to modulate various stages of osteoblast differentiation as confirmed by the upregulation of some key marker genes such as runx2b, sp7, col10a1a, spp1 and bglap, besides suppressing osteoclast activity as evidenced from the downregulation of ctsk. Probiotics also caused an enhanced cell cycle by regulating the expression of genes involved in Retinoic acid (rarga, cyp26b1) and Wnt/β-catenin (ctnnb1, ccnd1, axin2, sost) signaling pathways, and also modulated phosphate homeostasis by increasing the entpd5a levels. These findings provide new outlooks for the use of probiotics as a prophylactic treatment in accelerating bone regeneration and improving skeletal health in both aquaculture and biomedical fields.
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14
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Orwoll ES, Parimi N, Wiedrick J, Lapidus J, Napoli N, Wilkinson JE, Huttenhower C, Langsetmo L, Kiel DP. Analysis of the Associations Between the Human Fecal Microbiome and Bone Density, Structure, and Strength: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Cohort. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:597-607. [PMID: 35119137 PMCID: PMC9605688 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In preclinical models, the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been linked to bone growth and homeostasis, but there are few available data from studies of human populations. In a hypothesis-generating experiment in a large cohort of community-dwelling older men (n = 831; age range, 78-98 years), we explored the associations between fecal microbial profiles and bone density, microarchitecture, and strength measured with total hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) (distal radius, distal and diaphyseal tibia). Fecal samples were collected and the 16S rRNA gene V4 hypervariable region sequenced. Sequences were bioinformatically processed through the DADA2 pipeline and then taxonomically assigned using SILVA. Generalized linear models as implemented in microbiome multivariable association with linear models (MaAsLin 2) were used to test for associations between skeletal measures and specific microbial genera. The abundances of four bacterial genera were weakly associated with bone density, structure, or strength (false discovery rate [FDR] ≤ 0.05), and the measured directions of associations of genera were generally consistent across multiple bone measures, supporting a role for microbiota on skeletal homeostasis. However, the associated effect sizes were small (log2 fold change < ±0.35), limiting power to confidently identify these associations even with high resolution skeletal imaging phenotypes, and we assessed the resulting implications for the design of future cohort-based studies. As in analogous examples from genomewide association studies, we find that larger cohort sizes will likely be needed to confidently identify associations between the fecal microbiota and skeletal health relying on 16S sequencing. Our findings bolster the view that the gut microbiome is associated with clinically important measures of bone health, while also indicating the challenges in the design of cohort-based microbiome studies. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Orwoll
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Neeta Parimi
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack Wiedrick
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Health & Science University - Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy E Wilkinson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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Islam MA, Cook CV, Smith BJ, Ford Versypt AN. Mathematical Modeling of the Gut-Bone Axis and Implications of Butyrate Treatment on Osteoimmunology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:17814-17825. [PMID: 34992331 PMCID: PMC8730472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the gut microbiota, has pivotal roles in the regulation of the immune system. Recent studies have revealed that butyrate increases the differentiation of peripheral regulatory T cells in the gut-bone axis and promotes osteoblasts' bone forming activity. However, the mechanism of the therapeutic benefit of butyrate in bone remodeling remains incompletely understood. Here, we develop a multicompartment mathematical model to quantitatively predict the contribution of butyrate on the expansion of regulatory T cells in the gut, blood, and bone compartments. We investigate the interplay between regulatory T cell-derived TGF-β and CD8+ T cell-derived Wnt-10b with changes in gut butyrate concentration. In addition, we connect our model to a detailed model of bone metabolism to study the impacts of butyrate and Wnt-10b on trabecular bone volume. Our results indicate both direct and indirect immune-mediated impacts of butyrate on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Carley V Cook
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Ashlee N Ford Versypt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States; Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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16
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Peng J, Yu XJ, Yu LL, Tian FW, Zhao JX, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai QX. The influence of gut microbiome on bone health and related dietary strategies against bone dysfunctions. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110331. [PMID: 34053534 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The link between the gut microbiome and bone health has begun to attract widespread interest in recent years. The gut microbiome are vital in many diseases involving bone loss. Probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary supplements have been suggested to protect bone health by altering the composition of the gut microbiota. Notably, studying the relationship between the gut microbiome and bone health can provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. This review focuses on the link between the gut microbiome and bone diseases, exploring current knowledge of the mechanisms by which gut bacteria affect bone health. In addition, the influences of dietary supplements on the interactions between the gut microbiome and bone health are discussed. This knowledge will promote new ideas for gut microbiota-mediated dietary interventions in patients with bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Jie Yu
- Hwa Chong Institution (College), 661 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore
| | - Lei-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Xiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Shang X, Zhang X, Du C, Ma Z, Jin S, Ao N, Yang J, Du J. Clostridium butyricum Alleviates Gut Microbiota Alteration-Induced Bone Loss after Bariatric Surgery by Promoting Bone Autophagy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:254-264. [PMID: 33658315 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is the most common and effective treatment of severe obesity; however, these bariatric procedures always result in detrimental effects on bone metabolism by underlying mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the skeletal response to bariatric surgery and to explore whether Clostridium butyricum alleviates gut microbiota alteration-induced bone loss after bariatric surgery. Consequently, male SD rats received Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery, respectively, followed by body weight recording. The bone loss after bariatric surgery was further determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), micro-CT measurement, histologic analyses, and Western blot. Besides, 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to determine the gut microbiota alteration after surgery, and intervention with fecal microbiota from RYGB donor was conducted in obese SD rats, followed by C. butyricum administration. Accordingly, rats in the RYGB and SG groups maintained sustained weight loss, and DXA and micro-CT measurement further demonstrated significant bone loss after bariatric surgery. Besides, histologic and Western blot analyses validated enhanced osteoclastogenesis and inhibited osteoblastogenesis and defective autophagy after surgery. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing suggested a significant alteration of gut microbiota composition in the RYGB group, and intervention with fecal microbiota from RYGB donor further determined that this kind of alteration contributed to the bone loss after RYGB. Meanwhile, C. butyricum might protect against this postoperative bone loss by promoting osteoblast autophagy. In summary, this study suggests novel mechanisms to clarify the skeletal response to bariatric surgery and provides a potential candidate for the treatment of bone disorder among bariatric patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The significance of this study is the discovery of obvious bone loss and defective autophagy after bariatric surgery. Besides, it is revealed that gut microbiota alterations could be the reason for impaired bone mass after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, Clostridium butyricum could alleviate the gut microbiota alteration-induced bone loss after bariatric surgery by promoting osteoblast autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cen Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuoqi Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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18
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Mei F, Meng K, Gu Z, Yun Y, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhong Q, Pan F, Shen X, Xia G, Chen H. Arecanut ( Areca catechu L.) Seed Polyphenol-Ameliorated Osteoporosis by Altering Gut Microbiome via LYZ and the Immune System in Estrogen-Deficient Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:246-258. [PMID: 33382620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol can improve osteoporosis and is closely associated with gut microbiota, while the mechanism and the relationship among polyphenol, osteoporosis, and gut microbiota colonization remain unclear. Here, an osteoporosis rat model established by ovariectomy was employed to investigate the improving mechanism of arecanut (Areca catechu L.) seed polyphenol (ACP) on osteoporosis by regulating gut microbiota. We analyzed the bone microstructure, Paneth cells, regulating microbial protein (lysozyme (LYZ)), proinflammatory cytokines, macrophage infiltration levels, and gut microbial communities in a rat. ACP improved the trabecular microstructure compared to OVX, including the increased trabecular number (Tb.N) (P < 0.01) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (P < 0.001) and decreased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) (P < 0.01). At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was increased after ovariectomy (P < 0.001) and Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were increased in ACP (P < 0.001). Antiosteoporosis groups with lower LYZ and Paneth cells (P < 0.001) showed that the microbiota Alistipes, which have a negative effect on bone metabolism were decreased in ACP (P < 0.001). Altogether, these studies showed that the estrogen deficiency could induce the shedding of Paneth cells, which leads to the decrease of LYZ, while ACP could increase the LYZ expression by maintaining the population of Paneth cells in an estrogen-deficient host, which were implicated in gut microbiota regulation and improved osteoporosis by controlling the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Mei
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Keke Meng
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yonghuan Yun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Feibing Pan
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xuanri Shen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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19
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Skeletal health, redox balance and gastrointestinal functionality in dairy cows: connecting bugs and bones. J DAIRY RES 2020; 87:410-415. [PMID: 33292880 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029920001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This research reflection examines the physiological links between redox balance, skeletal health and gastrointestinal functionality in dairy cows. With the increase in demand of animal products caused by the growth in human population, the dairy industry needs to develop and implement innovative strategies which are profitable, sustainable and cow friendly. Redox balance, skeletal heath and gastrointestinal functionality are three key physiological systems that are often seen as independent entities. In this research reflection we intend to stress that the antioxidant system, bone health and the microbiome are intimately intertwined. Antioxidants are crucial for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and optimal immune function. Optimal gastrointestinal functionality is important to maintain animal performance, health and welfare. In particular, the intestinal microbiome is increasingly seen as a driver of health and disease. Vitamin D metabolism is pivotal not only for optimal skeletal health, but in light of all the extra-skeletal effect of vitamin D, it is the foundation for optimal productive life. It makes sense to ask the question 'how are redox balance and the microbiome involved in the modulation of bone health and immune function?' In other words, are bugs and bones connected in dairy cows! The existing data available in the literature suggests that this might be the case. The characterization of the interactions between redox balance, skeletal health and the microbiome, will allow the development of a multisystem biological approach to refine nutritional interventions to improve dairy cattle health, welfare and productive longevity.
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20
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Mendez ME, Murugesh DK, Sebastian A, Hum NR, McCloy SA, Kuhn EA, Christiansen BA, Loots GG. Antibiotic Treatment Prior to Injury Improves Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Outcomes in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6424. [PMID: 32899361 PMCID: PMC7503363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and debilitating disease characterized by the chronic and progressive degradation of articular cartilage. Post-traumatic OA (PTOA) is a secondary form of OA that develops in ~50% of cases of severe articular injury. Inflammation and re-occurring injury have been implicated as contributing to the progression of PTOA after the initial injury. However, there is very little known about external factors prior to injury that could affect the risk of PTOA development. To examine how the gut microbiome affects PTOA development we used a chronic antibiotic treatment regimen starting at weaning for six weeks prior to ACL rupture, in mice. A six-weeks post-injury histological examination showed more robust cartilage staining on the antibiotic (AB)-treated mice than the untreated controls (VEH), suggesting slower disease progression in AB cohorts. Injured joints also showed an increase in the presence of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in the AB group. Molecularly, the phenotype correlated with a significantly lower expression of inflammatory genes Tlr5, Ccl8, Cxcl13, and Foxo6 in the injured joints of AB-treated animals. Our results indicate that a reduced state of inflammation at the time of injury and a lower expression of Wnt signaling modulatory protein, Rspo1, caused by AB treatment can slow down or improve PTOA outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie E. Mendez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.E.M.); (D.K.M.); (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (S.A.M.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Deepa K. Murugesh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.E.M.); (D.K.M.); (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (S.A.M.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Aimy Sebastian
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.E.M.); (D.K.M.); (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (S.A.M.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Nicholas R. Hum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.E.M.); (D.K.M.); (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (S.A.M.); (E.A.K.)
- UC Merced, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Summer A. McCloy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.E.M.); (D.K.M.); (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (S.A.M.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Edward A. Kuhn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.E.M.); (D.K.M.); (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (S.A.M.); (E.A.K.)
| | | | - Gabriela G. Loots
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.E.M.); (D.K.M.); (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (S.A.M.); (E.A.K.)
- UC Merced, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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21
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Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by the decrease of bone tissue per unit volume under the combined action of genetic and environmental factors, which leads to the decrease of bone strength, makes the bone brittle, and raises the possibility of bone fracture. However, the exact mechanism that determines the progression of OP remains to be underlined. There are hundreds of trillions of symbiotic bacteria living in the human gut, which have a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the human body that helps to maintain human health. With the development of modern high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platforms, there has been growing evidence that the gut microbiome may play an important role in the programming of bone metabolism. In the present review, we discuss the potential mechanisms of the gut microbiome in the development of OP, such as alterations of bone metabolism, bone mineral absorption, and immune regulation. The potential of gut microbiome-targeted strategies in the prevention and treatment of OP was also evaluated. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):524–530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yubo Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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22
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Behera J, Ison J, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. The role of gut microbiota in bone homeostasis. Bone 2020; 135:115317. [PMID: 32169602 PMCID: PMC8457311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) is referred to as the second gene pool of the human body and a commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganism living in our intestines. The knowledge of the complex interaction between intestinal microbiota and health outcomes is a novel and rapidly expanding the field. Earlier studies have reported that the microbial communities affect the cellular responses and shape many aspects of physiology and pathophysiology within the body, including muscle and bone metabolism (formation and resorption). GM influences the skeletal homeostasis via affecting the host metabolism, immune function, hormone secretion, and the gut-brain axis. The premise of this review is to discuss the role of GM on bone homeostasis and skeletal muscle mass function. This review also opens up new perspectives for pathophysiological studies by establishing the presence of a 'microbiota-skeletal' axis and raising the possibility of innovative new treatments for skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Behera
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jessica Ison
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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23
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Xu K, Ma J, Liu Z, Wang X, Yan S, Liu Z, Sun F, Wang K. Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Bone Metabolism and Serum 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Obese Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924097. [PMID: 32324718 PMCID: PMC7193245 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that bariatric surgery, such as sleeve gastrectomy (SG), has an adverse effect on bone, including decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism. Peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has an adverse regulatory effect on bone formation. Here, we assessed changes in bone metabolism and whether 5-HT is involved in the effect of SG on bone metabolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS A rat model of obesity was established using Wistar rats. After successful modeling, rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups - the SG group and the Sham group - with 10 rats in each group. We then performed sleeve gastrectomy or sham operation. Bone metabolic markers and BMD of rats were measured at 2 and 16 weeks after the operation and the level of 5-HT in serum was determined. Rats were killed at 16 weeks after the operation, and bones of the hind limbs were harvested to measure 5-HT by immunofluorescence. RESULTS BMD was decreased and bone metabolism demonstrated a trend of bone destruction in the rats after SG. A significantly increasing trend in the level of serum 5-HT was found, and bone immunofluorescence showed increased expression of 5-HT. CONCLUSIONS BMD was decrease and bone metabolism demonstrated a trend of bone destruction after SG. SG can affect the level of 5-HT in serum or bone tissue and the 5-HT may be involved in the process through which SG affects bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Junxing Ma
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Feicheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Feicheng People's Hospital, Feicheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zitian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fuyun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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24
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Ponsuksili S, Reyer H, Hadlich F, Weber F, Trakooljul N, Oster M, Siengdee P, Muráni E, Rodehutscord M, Camarinha-Silva A, Bennewitz J, Wimmers K. Identification of the Key Molecular Drivers of Phosphorus Utilization Based on Host miRNA-mRNA and Gut Microbiome Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2818. [PMID: 32316683 PMCID: PMC7215353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential mineral for all living organisms and a limited resource worldwide. Variation and heritability of phosphorus utilization (PU) traits were observed, indicating the general possibility of improvement. Molecular mechanisms of PU, including host and microbial effects, are still poorly understood. The most promising molecules that interact between the microbiome and host are microRNAs. Japanese quail representing extremes for PU were selected from an F2 population for miRNA profiling of the ileal tissue and subsequent association with mRNA and microbial data of the same animals. Sixty-nine differentially expressed miRNAs were found, including 21 novel and 48 known miRNAs. Combining miRNAs and mRNAs based on correlated expression and target prediction revealed enrichment of transcripts in functional pathways involved in phosphate or bone metabolism such as RAN, estrogen receptor and Wnt signaling, and immune pathways. Out of 55 genera of microbiota, seven were found to be differentially abundant between PU groups. The study reveals molecular interactions occurring in the gut of quail which represent extremes for PU including miRNA-16-5p, miR-142b-5p, miR-148a-3p, CTDSP1, SMAD3, IGSF10, Bacteroides, and Alistipes as key indicators due to their trait-dependent differential expression and occurrence as hub-members of the network of molecular drivers of PU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (F.H.); (F.W.); (N.T.); (M.O.); (P.S.); (E.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Henry Reyer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (F.H.); (F.W.); (N.T.); (M.O.); (P.S.); (E.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (F.H.); (F.W.); (N.T.); (M.O.); (P.S.); (E.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Frank Weber
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (F.H.); (F.W.); (N.T.); (M.O.); (P.S.); (E.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (F.H.); (F.W.); (N.T.); (M.O.); (P.S.); (E.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (F.H.); (F.W.); (N.T.); (M.O.); (P.S.); (E.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Puntita Siengdee
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (F.H.); (F.W.); (N.T.); (M.O.); (P.S.); (E.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (F.H.); (F.W.); (N.T.); (M.O.); (P.S.); (E.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.R.); (A.C.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.R.); (A.C.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jörn Bennewitz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.R.); (A.C.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (F.H.); (F.W.); (N.T.); (M.O.); (P.S.); (E.M.); (K.W.)
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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25
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Zebrafish Models of Human Skeletal Disorders: Embryo and Adult Swimming Together. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1253710. [PMID: 31828085 PMCID: PMC6886339 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1253710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Danio rerio (zebrafish) is an elective model organism for the study of vertebrate development because of its high degree of homology with human genes and organs, including bone. Zebrafish embryos, because of the optical clarity, small size, and fast development, can be easily used in large-scale mutagenesis experiments to isolate mutants with developmental skeletal defects and in high-throughput screenings to find new chemical compounds for the ability to revert the pathological phenotype. On the other hand, the adult zebrafish represents another powerful resource for pathogenic and therapeutic studies about adult human bone diseases. In fish, some characteristics such as bone turnover, reparation, and remodeling of the adult bone tissue cannot be found at the embryonic stage. Several pathological models have been established in adult zebrafish such as bone injury models, osteoporosis, and genetic diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta. Given the growing interest for metabolic diseases and their complications, adult zebrafish models of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been recently generated and analyzed for bone complications using scales as model system. Interestingly, an osteoporosis-like phenotype has been found to be associated with metabolic alterations suggesting that bone complications share the same mechanisms in humans and fish. Embryo and adult represent powerful resources in rapid development to study bone physiology and pathology from different points of view.
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26
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Li A, Wang Y, Pei L, Mehmood K, Li K, Qamar H, Iqbal M, Waqas M, Liu J, Li J. Influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus velezensis on intestinal microbial diversity of mice. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103671. [PMID: 31437575 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yaks are an aboriginal breed of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau (3000 m), which are highly adaptable to cold and hypoxic environments. It is noticed that hypoxia and hypothermia can induce changes in intestinal microbial structure in animals. Increasing evidences suggested that probiotics supplementation can improve the balance of gut microbiota of animals. However, so far, very few studies have emphasized on the probiotics isolated from yaks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, a potential probiotic strain Bacillus velezensis was isolated from yaks. In the present study, a total of 18 Kunming mice (15-18 g) were equally distributed into two groups; control and probiotic treated groups (1 × 109 CFU/day). During the experimental period, all the mice from both groups were given standard normal diet ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, mice were euthanized and the intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum) were removed for high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated that Bacillus velezensis supplementation showed beneficial effects on the gut microbiota of mice. Specifically, Bacillus velezensis supplementation increased the population of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus in the duodenum, and Candidatus Arthromitus in the jejunum. Additionally, Acinetobacter in the duodenum and Helicobacter in the cecum were decreased after feeding Bacillus velezensis. Altogether, these findings suggested that Bacillus velezensis isolated from Tibetan yaks can improve gut microbiota of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Lulu Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hammad Qamar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, 860000, PR China.
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27
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Li L, Rao S, Cheng Y, Zhuo X, Deng C, Xu N, Zhang H, Yang L. Microbial osteoporosis: The interplay between the gut microbiota and bones via host metabolism and immunity. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00810. [PMID: 31001921 PMCID: PMC6692530 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex relationship between intestinal microbiota and host is a novel field in recent years. A large number of studies are being conducted on the relationship between intestinal microbiota and bone metabolism. Bone metabolism consisted of bone absorption and formation exists in the whole process of human growth and development. The nutrient components, inflammatory factors, and hormone environment play important roles in bone metabolism. Recently, intestinal microbiota has been found to influence bone metabolism via influencing the host metabolism, immune function, and hormone secretion. Here, we searched relevant literature on Pubmed and reviewed the effect of intestinal microbiota on bone metabolism through the three aspects, which may provide new ideas and targets for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Li
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shitao Rao
- School of Biomedical SciencesCUHKShatin, N.THong Kong SARChina
| | - Yanzhen Cheng
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyun Zhuo
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Caihong Deng
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ningning Xu
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Yang
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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28
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Metabolism, bioenergetics and thermal physiology: influences of the human intestinal microbiota. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:205-217. [PMID: 31258100 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms which inhabit the human gut (i.e. the intestinal microbiota) influence numerous human biochemical pathways and physiological functions. The present review focuses on two questions, 'Are intestinal microbiota effects measurable and meaningful?' and 'What research methods and variables are influenced by intestinal microbiota effects?'. These questions are considered with respect to doubly labelled water measurements of energy expenditure, heat balance calculations and models, measurements of RMR via indirect calorimetry, and diet-induced energy expenditure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota introduces measurement variability and measurement errors which have been overlooked in research studies involving nutrition, bioenergetics, physiology and temperature regulation. Therefore, we recommend that present conceptual models and research techniques be updated via future experiments, to account for the metabolic processes and regulatory influences of the intestinal microbiota.
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29
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Doonan J, Tarafdar A, Pineda MA, Lumb FE, Crowe J, Khan AM, Hoskisson PA, Harnett MM, Harnett W. The parasitic worm product ES-62 normalises the gut microbiota bone marrow axis in inflammatory arthritis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1554. [PMID: 30952846 PMCID: PMC6451002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immune system has evolved in the context of our colonisation by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasitic helminths. Reflecting this, the rapid eradication of pathogens appears to have resulted in reduced microbiome diversity and generation of chronically activated immune systems, presaging the recent rise of allergic, autoimmune and metabolic disorders. Certainly, gastrointestinal helminths can protect against gut and lung mucosa inflammatory conditions by modulating the microbiome and suppressing the chronic inflammation associated with dysbiosis. Here, we employ ES-62, an immunomodulator secreted by tissue-dwelling Acanthocheilonema viteae to show that helminth-modulation of the gut microbiome does not require live infection with gastrointestinal-based worms nor is protection restricted to mucosal diseases. Specifically, subcutaneous administration of this defined immunomodulator affords protection against joint disease in collagen-induced arthritis, a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, which is associated with normalisation of gut microbiota and prevention of loss of intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Anuradha Tarafdar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Miguel A Pineda
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Felicity E Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Jenny Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Aneesah M Khan
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Paul A Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Margaret M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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Li A, Jiang X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang H, Mehmood K, Li Z, Waqas M, Li J. The impact of Bacillus subtilis 18 isolated from Tibetan yaks on growth performance and gut microbial community in mice. Microb Pathog 2018; 128:153-161. [PMID: 30583023 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis 18 (BS-18) isolated from free-ranging Tibetan yaks in high altitude regions of Tibet (3600 m) on growth performance and gut microbial community in mice. In this study, mice (15-day-old) were used as an animal model and raised under standard conditions. A total of 20 KM mice were divided equally into two groups: control group (feed and drink freely), experimental group (feed and drink freely + 1 × 109 CFU/day BS-18). The intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum) and organs (liver, spleen, kidney) were collected from all the mice at day 18 for high throughput sequencing and HE staining. During the whole experiment, the mice treated by BS-18 displayed no abnormal behavior or macroscopic lesions on dissection. Meanwhile, there were no pathological changes observed using HE staining compared with the control group. The results show that BS-18 isolated from Tibetan yaks was safe and could increase average daily gain (ADG) and reduce feed conversion ratio (FCR). Furthermore, supplementation with BS-18 could improve the mucosal morphology and the ratio of villi to crypt cells (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the abundance and diversity of duodenum and jejunum in the experimental group were higher than control group. Lactobacillus in experimental group had higher abundance than control group. In addition, the quantity of Candidatus arthromitu was increased after BS-18 intake, which is associated with immune system activity. Acinetobacter induced brain abscess and bronchopneumonia were reduced in the experimental group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that BS-18 isolated from Tibetan yaks was safe, beneficial and had the potential to serve as a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiong Jiang
- Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, Yichang, 443000, Hubei province, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zhixing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, 860000, PR China.
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Yan F, Wang W, Cheng H. Bacillus subtilis based probiotic improved bone mass and altered brain serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems in broiler chickens. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Tsegai ZJ, Skinner MM, Pahr DH, Hublin JJ, Kivell TL. Ontogeny and variability of trabecular bone in the chimpanzee humerus, femur and tibia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:713-736. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zewdi J. Tsegai
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Matthew M. Skinner
- Skeletal Biology Research Center; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent; Canterbury United Kingdom
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Dieter H. Pahr
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics; Vienna University of Technology; Wien Austria
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Tracy L. Kivell
- Skeletal Biology Research Center; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent; Canterbury United Kingdom
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
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Abstract
Intestinal microbial flora, known as the second gene pool of the human body, play an important role in immune function, nutrient uptake, and various activities of host cells, as well as in human disease. Intestinal microorganisms are involved in a variety of mechanisms that affect bone health. Gut microbes are closely related to genetic variation, and gene regulation plays an important part in the development of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis. Intestinal microorganisms can disrupt the balance between bone formation and resorption by indirectly stimulating or inhibiting osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, intestinal microorganisms affect bone metabolism by regulating growth factors or altering bone immune status and can also alter the metabolism of serotonin, cortisol, and sex hormones, thereby affecting bone mass in mice. Moreover, probiotics, antibiotics, and diet can change the composition of the intestinal microbial flora, thus affecting bone health and also potentially helping to treat bone disease. Studying the relationship between intestinal flora and osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may provide a basis for preventing and treating bone diseases. This paper reviews recent advances in the study of the relationship between intestinal microflora and bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Ji'nan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Ji'nan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Dr. Jinxiang Han and Dr. Yanqin Lu, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250062, China. E-mail: (JH); (YL)
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiuzhi Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Ji'nan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Dr. Jinxiang Han and Dr. Yanqin Lu, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250062, China. E-mail: (JH); (YL)
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Hsu E, Pacifici R. From Osteoimmunology to Osteomicrobiology: How the Microbiota and the Immune System Regulate Bone. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:512-521. [PMID: 29018933 PMCID: PMC5893441 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteomicrobiology refers to the role of microbiota in bone health and the mechanisms by which the microbiota regulates post-natal skeletal development, bone aging, and pathologic bone loss. Here, we review recent reports linking gut microbiota to changes in bone phenotype. A pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu drives bone resorption in conditions such as sex steroid hormone deficiency. The response of the immune system to activation by the microbiome results in increased circulating osteoclastogenic cytokines in a T cell-dependent mechanism. Additionally, gut microbiota affect bone homeostasis through nutrient absorption, mediation of the IGF-1 pathway, and short chain fatty acid and metabolic products. Manipulation of microbiota through prebiotics or probiotics reduces inflammatory cytokine production, leading to changes in bone density. One mechanism of probiotic action is through upregulating tight junction proteins, increasing the strength of the gut epithelial layer, and leading to less antigen presentation and less activation of intestinal immune cells. Thus, prebiotics or probiotics may represent a future therapeutic avenue for ameliorating the risk of postmenopausal bone loss in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emory Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Room 1309, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Room 1309, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Siddharth J, Chakrabarti A, Pannérec A, Karaz S, Morin-Rivron D, Masoodi M, Feige JN, Parkinson SJ. Aging and sarcopenia associate with specific interactions between gut microbes, serum biomarkers and host physiology in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1698-1720. [PMID: 28783713 PMCID: PMC5559170 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome has been demonstrated to play an integral role in the maintenance of many aspects of health that are also associated with aging. In order to identify areas of potential exploration and intervention, we simultaneously characterized age-related alterations in gut microbiome, muscle physiology and serum proteomic and lipidomic profiles in aged rats to define an integrated signature of the aging phenotype. We demonstrate that aging skews the composition of the gut microbiome, in particular by altering the Sutterella to Barneseilla ratio, and alters the metabolic potential of intestinal bacteria. Age-related changes of the gut microbiome were associated with the physiological decline of musculoskeletal function, and with molecular markers of nutrient processing/availability, and inflammatory/immune status in aged versus adult rats. Altogether, our study highlights that aging leads to a complex interplay between the microbiome and host physiology, and provides candidate microbial species to target physical and metabolic decline during aging by modulating gut microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Siddharth
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Anirikh Chakrabarti
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Alice Pannérec
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Morin-Rivron
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Scott James Parkinson
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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Abstract
Exposed surfaces of mammals are colonized with 100 trillion indigenous bacteria, fungi, and viruses, creating a diverse ecosystem known as the microbiome. The gastrointestinal tract harbors the greatest numbers of these microorganisms, which regulate human nutrition, metabolism, and immune system function. Moreover, the intestinal microbiota contains pro- and anti-inflammatory products that modulate immune responses and may play a role in maintaining gut barrier function. Therefore, the community composition of the microbiota has profound effects on the immune status of the host and impacts the development and/or progression of inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, numerous studies have shown differences in the microbiota of patients with and without a given inflammatory condition. There is now strong evidence that the gut microbiome regulates bone homeostasis in health and disease, and that prebiotic and probiotics protect against bone loss. Herein, the evidence supporting the role of the microbiota and the effects of prebiotic and probiotics will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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37
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Tsegai ZJ, Skinner MM, Pahr DH, Hublin J, Kivell TL. Systemic patterns of trabecular bone across the human and chimpanzee skeleton. J Anat 2018; 232:641-656. [PMID: 29344941 PMCID: PMC5835784 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspects of trabecular bone architecture are thought to reflect regional loading of the skeleton, and thus differ between primate taxa with different locomotor and postural modes. However, there are several systemic factors that affect bone structure that could contribute to, or be the primary factor determining, interspecific differences in bone structure. These systemic factors include differences in genetic regulation, sensitivity to loading, hormone levels, diet, and activity levels. Improved understanding of inter-/intraspecific variability, and variability across the skeleton of an individual, is required to interpret properly potential functional signals present within trabecular structure. Using a whole-region method of analysis, we investigated trabecular structure throughout the skeleton of humans and chimpanzees. Trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), degree of anisotropy (DA) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were quantified from high resolution micro-computed tomographic scans of the humeral and femoral head, third metacarpal and third metatarsal head, distal tibia, talus and first thoracic vertebra. We found that BV/TV is, in most anatomical sites, significantly higher in chimpanzees than in humans, suggesting a systemic difference in trabecular structure unrelated to local loading regime. Differences in BV/TV between the forelimb and hindlimb did not clearly reflect differences in locomotor loading in the study taxa. There were no clear systemic differences between the taxa in DA and, as such, this parameter might reflect function and relate to differences in joint loading. This systemic approach reveals both the pattern of variability across the skeleton and between taxa, and helps identify those features of trabecular structure that may relate to joint function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdi J. Tsegai
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Matthew M. Skinner
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Skeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Dieter H. Pahr
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural BiomechanicsVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Jean‐Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Tracy L. Kivell
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Skeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
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Rowe DW, Adams DJ, Hong SH, Zhang C, Shin DG, Renata Rydzik C, Chen L, Wu Z, Garland G, Godfrey DA, Sundberg JP, Ackert-Bicknell C. Screening Gene Knockout Mice for Variation in Bone Mass: Analysis by μCT and Histomorphometry. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:77-94. [PMID: 29508144 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The international mouse phenotyping consortium (IMPC) is producing defined gene knockout mouse lines. Here, a phenotyping program is presented that is based on micro-computed tomography (μCT) assessment of distal femur and vertebra. Lines with significant variation undergo a computer-based bone histomorphometric analysis. RECENT FINDINGS Of the 220 lines examined to date, approximately 15% have a significant variation (high or low) by μCT, most of which are not identified by the IMPC screen. Significant dimorphism between the sexes and bone compartments adds to the complexity of the skeletal findings. The μCT information that is posted at www.bonebase.org can group KOMP lines with similar morphological features. The histological data is presented in a graphic form that associates the cellular features with a specific anatomic group. The web portal presents a bone-centric view appropriate for the skeletal biologist/clinician to organize and understand the large number of genes that can influence skeletal health. Cataloging the relative severity of each variant is the first step towards compiling the dataset necessary to appreciate the full polygenic basis of degenerative bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Rowe
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Biomaterials and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Douglas J Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Hong
- Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Caibin Zhang
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Biomaterials and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Dong-Guk Shin
- Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - C Renata Rydzik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Biomaterials and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zhihua Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Biomaterials and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - Dana A Godfrey
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Ackert-Bicknell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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Comparative analysis of gut microbial community in healthy and tibial dyschondroplasia affected chickens by high throughput sequencing. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:133-139. [PMID: 29555507 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a common skeletal problem of avian species. The cause and etiology of this disorder is still not clear. The intestinal bacterial community is a complex ecosystem and plays very important role in healthy life of human and animals. Many researchers have made the connection between diseases and alteration of gut microbiota. However, little is know about the role of gut microbiota in TD. The objective of this study was to explore the diversity and composition of small and large intestinal bacterial communities of TD chickens. The intestinal contests were collected from healthy and TD chickens at day 18 of the trail. The V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. Our results indicated that healthy chickens had higher abundance and diversity of gut microbiota than TD chickens but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the gut microbiota of small and large intestine. However, the composition of bacterial communities were significantly different (P < 0.05) between healthy and TD chickens. The occurrence of gut pathogens associated with immunity and inflammation were much higher in the intestinal contests of TD chickens as compared to healthy ones. In summary, our results showed an interesting difference of gut microbiota between healthy and TD chickens, which provided a new thought about the pathogenesis of TD.
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Rigal E, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. The role of osteoprotegerin in the crosstalk between vessels and bone: Its potential utility as a marker of cardiometabolic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 182:115-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kohl KD, Carey HV. A place for host-microbe symbiosis in the comparative physiologist's toolbox. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 219:3496-3504. [PMID: 27852759 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.136325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although scientists have long appreciated that metazoans evolved in a microbial world, we are just beginning to appreciate the profound impact that host-associated microbes have on diverse aspects of animal biology. The enormous growth in our understanding of host-microbe symbioses is rapidly expanding the study of animal physiology, both technically and conceptually. Microbes associate functionally with various body surfaces of their hosts, although most reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbes convert dietary and host-derived substrates to metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, thereby providing energy and nutrients to the host. Bacterial metabolites incorporated into the host metabolome can activate receptors on a variety of cell types and, in doing so, alter host physiology (including metabolism, organ function, biological rhythms, neural activity and behavior). Given that host-microbe interactions affect diverse aspects of host physiology, it is likely that they influence animal ecology and, if they confer fitness benefits, the evolutionary trajectory of a species. Multiple variables - including sampling regime, environmental parameters, host metadata and analytical methods - can influence experimental outcomes in host-microbiome studies, making careful experimental design and execution crucial to ensure reproducible and informative studies in the laboratory and field. Integration of microbiomes into comparative physiology and ecophysiological investigations can reveal the potential impacts of the microbiota on physiological responses to changing environments, and is likely to bring valuable insights to the study of host-microbiome interactions among a broad range of metazoans, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 53705, USA
| | - Hannah V Carey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gut microbiota can be considered a hidden organ that plays essential roles in host homeostasis. Exploration of the effects of microbiota on bone has just begun. Complimentary studies using germ-free mice, antibiotic, and probiotic treatments reveal a complicated relationship between microbiota and bone. Here, we review recent reports addressing the effect of gut microbiota on bone health, discuss potential reasons for discrepant findings, and explore potential mechanisms for these effects. RECENT FINDINGS Manipulation of microbiota by colonization of germ-free mice, antibiotics, or probiotic supplementation significantly alters bone remodeling, bone development and growth, as well as bone mechanical strength. Different experimental models reveal context-dependent effects of gut microbiota on bone. By examining phenotypic effects, experimental context, and proposed mechanisms, revealed by recent reports, we hope to provide comprehensive and fresh insights into the many facets of microbiota and bone interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, 6002Q, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julia F Charles
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, 6002Q, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Conley MN, Roberts C, Sharpton TJ, Iwaniec UT, Hord NG. Increasing dietary nitrate has no effect on cancellous bone loss or fecal microbiome in ovariectomized rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1600372. [PMID: 28087899 PMCID: PMC5434898 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Studies suggest diets rich in fruit and vegetables reduce bone loss, although the specific compounds responsible are unknown. Substrates for endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production, including organic nitrates and dietary nitrate, may support NO production in age-related conditions, including osteoporosis. We investigated the capability of dietary nitrate to improve NO bioavailability, reduce bone turnover and loss. METHODS AND RESULTS Six-month-old Sprague Dawley rats [30 ovariectomized (OVX) and 10 sham-operated (sham)] were randomized into three groups: (i) vehicle (water) control, (ii) low-dose nitrate (LDN, 0.1 mmol nitrate/kg bw/day), or (iii) high-dose nitrate (HDN, 1.0 mmol nitrate/kg bw/day) for three weeks. The sham received vehicle. Serum bone turnover markers; bone mass, mineral density, and quality; histomorphometric parameters; and fecal microbiome were examined. Three weeks of LDN or HDN improved NO bioavailability in a dose-dependent manner. OVX resulted in cancellous bone loss, increased bone turnover, and fecal microbiome changes. OVX increased relative abundances of Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroideceae and Alcaligenaceae. Nitrate did not affect the skeleton or fecal microbiome. CONCLUSION These data indicate that OVX affects the fecal microbiome and that the gut microbiome is associated with bone mass. Three weeks of nitrate supplementation does not slow bone loss or alter the fecal microbiome in OVX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N. Conley
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesCollege of Public Health and Human SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Center for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Cooper Roberts
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesCollege of Public Health and Human SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Center for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Departments of Microbiology and StatisticsCollege of ScienceOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Urszula T. Iwaniec
- Center for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Norman G. Hord
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesCollege of Public Health and Human SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Center for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
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Kimball SM, Mirhosseini N, Holick MF. Evaluation of vitamin D3 intakes up to 15,000 international units/day and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations up to 300 nmol/L on calcium metabolism in a community setting. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 9:e1300213. [PMID: 28458767 PMCID: PMC5402701 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2017.1300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation by the general public with vitamin D at doses above the Tolerable Upper Level of Intake (UL) is becoming quite common. The objective of the current analysis was to characterize the effect of vitamin D supplementation at doses up to 15,000 IU/d in a community-based program on vitamin D status, calcium homeostasis as well as on kidney, liver and immune function. We evaluated data collected for 3,882 participants in a community program for whom there were blood measurements at program entry and at follow-up within 6-18 months between 2013 and 2015. Participants were supplemented with a wide range of vitamin D doses (1,000 - 15,000 IU/d) aimed at achieving serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of at least 100 nmol/L. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations up to 300 nmol/L were achieved without perturbation of calcium homeostasis or incidence of toxicity. Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria were not related to an increase in 25(OH)D concentrations nor vitamin D dose. To achieve serum 25(OH)D levels >100 nmol/L on average, required vitamin D intakes of 6,000 IU/d for normal Body Mass Index (BMI), 7,000 IU/d for overweight and 8,000 IU/d for obese. Doses of vitamin D in excess of 6,000 IU/d were required to achieve serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 100 nmol/L, especially in individuals who were overweight or obese without any evidence of toxicity. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations up to 300 nmol/L were found to be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kimball
- Pure North S'Energy Foundation, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - M F Holick
- Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Appreciation of the role of the gut microbiome in regulating vertebrate metabolism has exploded recently. However, the effects of gut microbiota on skeletal growth and homeostasis have only recently begun to be explored. Here, we report that colonization of sexually mature germ-free (GF) mice with conventional specific pathogen-free (SPF) gut microbiota increases both bone formation and resorption, with the net effect of colonization varying with the duration of colonization. Although colonization of adult mice acutely reduces bone mass, in long-term colonized mice, an increase in bone formation and growth plate activity predominates, resulting in equalization of bone mass and increased longitudinal and radial bone growth. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a hormone with known actions on skeletal growth, are substantially increased in response to microbial colonization, with significant increases in liver and adipose tissue IGF-1 production. Antibiotic treatment of conventional mice, in contrast, decreases serum IGF-1 and inhibits bone formation. Supplementation of antibiotic-treated mice with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), products of microbial metabolism, restores IGF-1 and bone mass to levels seen in nonantibiotic-treated mice. Thus, SCFA production may be one mechanism by which microbiota increase serum IGF-1. Our study demonstrates that gut microbiota provide a net anabolic stimulus to the skeleton, which is likely mediated by IGF-1. Manipulation of the microbiome or its metabolites may afford opportunities to optimize bone health and growth.
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Deines P, Bosch TCG. Transitioning from Microbiome Composition to Microbial Community Interactions: The Potential of the Metaorganism Hydra as an Experimental Model. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1610. [PMID: 27790207 PMCID: PMC5061769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals are home to complex microbial communities, which are shaped through interactions within the community, interactions with the host, and through environmental factors. The advent of high-throughput sequencing methods has led to novel insights in changing patterns of community composition and structure. However, deciphering the different types of interactions among community members, with their hosts and their interplay with their environment is still a challenge of major proportion. The emerging fields of synthetic microbial ecology and community systems biology have the potential to decrypt these complex relationships. Studying host-associated microbiota across multiple spatial and temporal scales will bridge the gap between individual microorganism studies and large-scale whole community surveys. Here, we discuss the unique potential of Hydra as an emerging experimental model in microbiome research. Through in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches the interaction structure of host-associated microbial communities and the effects of the host on the microbiota and its interactions can be disentangled. Research in the model system Hydra can unify disciplines from molecular genetics to ecology, opening up the opportunity to discover fundamental rules that govern microbiome community stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Deines
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Kiel Life Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Kiel Life Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Kiel, Germany
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Bonomo A, Monteiro AC, Gonçalves-Silva T, Cordeiro-Spinetti E, Galvani RG, Balduino A. A T Cell View of the Bone Marrow. Front Immunol 2016; 7:184. [PMID: 27242791 PMCID: PMC4868947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of T cells present in the bone marrow (BM) represent an activated/memory phenotype and most of these, if not all, are circulating T cells. Their lodging in the BM keeps them activated, turning the BM microenvironment into a “memory reservoir.” This article will focus on how T cell activation in the BM results in both direct and indirect effects on the hematopoiesis. The hematopoietic stem cell niche will be presented, with its main components and organization, along with the role played by T lymphocytes in basal and pathologic conditions and their effect on the bone remodeling process. Also discussed herein will be how “normal” bone mass peak is achieved only in the presence of an intact adaptive immune system, with T and B cells playing critical roles in this process. Our main hypothesis is that the partnership between T cells and cells of the BM microenvironment orchestrates numerous processes regulating immunity, hematopoiesis, and bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bonomo
- Cancer Program (Fio-Cancer), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Monteiro
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Triciana Gonçalves-Silva
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Immunology and Inflammation Graduate Program, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eric Cordeiro-Spinetti
- Cell Biology and Technology Laboratory, Veiga de Almeida University , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Rômulo Gonçalves Galvani
- Cancer Program (Fio-Cancer), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Microbiology Graduate Program, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Balduino
- Cell Biology and Technology Laboratory, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Excellion Laboratory, Amil/UnitedHealth Group, Petrópolis, Brazil
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Kriegel MA. Self or non-self? The multifaceted role of the microbiota in immune-mediated diseases. Clin Immunol 2015; 159:119-21. [PMID: 26003838 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Kriegel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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