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Yao X, Redekar NR, Keeran KJ, Qu X, Jeffries KR, Soria-Florido M, Saxena A, Dagur PK, Lin WC, McCoy JP, Levine SJ. Neutrophil Heterogeneity Is Modified during Acute Lung Inflammation in Apoa1-/- Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:456-468. [PMID: 38912868 PMCID: PMC11300144 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils play important roles in inflammatory airway diseases. In this study, we assessed whether apolipoprotein A-I modifies neutrophil heterogeneity as part of the mechanism by which it attenuates acute airway inflammation. Neutrophilic airway inflammation was induced by daily intranasal administration of LPS plus house dust mite (LPS+HDM) to Apoa1-/- and Apoa1+/+ mice for 3 d. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on day 4. Unsupervised profiling identified 10 clusters of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from Apoa1-/- and Apoa1+/+ mice. LPS+HDM-challenged Apoa1-/- mice had an increased proportion of the Neu4 neutrophil cluster that expressed S100a8, S100a9, and Mmp8 and had high maturation, aggregation, and TLR4 binding scores. There was also an increase in the Neu6 cluster of immature neutrophils, whereas neutrophil clusters expressing IFN-stimulated genes were decreased. An unsupervised trajectory analysis showed that Neu4 represented a distinct lineage in Apoa1-/- mice. LPS+HDM-challenged Apoa1-/- mice also had an increased proportion of recruited airspace macrophages, which was associated with a reciprocal reduction in resident airspace macrophages. Increased expression of a common set of proinflammatory genes, S100a8, S100a9, and Lcn2, was present in all neutrophils and airspace macrophages from LPS+HDM-challenged Apoa1-/- mice. These findings show that Apoa1-/- mice have increases in specific neutrophil and macrophage clusters in the lung during acute inflammation mediated by LPS+HDM, as well as enhanced expression of a common set of proinflammatory genes. This suggests that modifications in neutrophil and macrophage heterogeneity contribute to the mechanism by which apolipoprotein A-I attenuates acute airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Yao
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neelam R. Redekar
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Karen J. Keeran
- Animal Surgery and Resources Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xuan Qu
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth R. Jeffries
- Animal Surgery and Resources Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M.T. Soria-Florido
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ankit Saxena
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pradeep K. Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wan-Chi Lin
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J. Philip McCoy
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stewart J. Levine
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Rashid M, Rashid R, Saroya S, Deverapalli M, Brim H, Ashktorab H. Saffron as a Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:2353. [PMID: 39064796 PMCID: PMC11280066 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory illness of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation and tissue destruction. It affects an increasing number of individuals worldwide who suffer from Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Despite substantial advances in understanding the underlying causes of IBD, the available treatments remain restricted and are sometimes accompanied by severe consequences. Consequently, there is an urgent need to study alternate therapeutic options. This review assesses the present drugs, identifies their limitations, and proposes the use of saffron, a natural plant with great therapeutic potential based on preclinical and clinical investigations. Saffron has gained attention for its potential therapeutic benefits in treating various ailments due to its established bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review covers how saffron impacts the levels of calprotectin, an inflammatory marker, for various inflammatory responses in multiple diseases including IBD. Data from clinical trials were assessed to determine the efficacy and safety of using saffron to counter inflammation in multiple diseases. Studies have shown that saffron may protect against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through several mechanisms by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), reducing oxidative stress through antioxidant effects, enhancing mucosal barrier function by upregulating tight junction proteins, and modulating the gut microbiota composition to promote beneficial bacteria while suppressing pathogenic ones; these combined actions contribute to its therapeutic potential in managing and alleviating the symptoms of IBD. This will enable future research endeavors and expedite the translation of saffron-based interventions into clinical practice as a valuable adjunctive therapy or a potential alternative to conventional treatments, thereby enhancing the quality of life for individuals suffering from inflammatory diseases including IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (M.R.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (M.D.); (H.B.)
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Boucher J, Gilbert C, Bose S, Tessier PA. S100A9: The Unusual Suspect Connecting Viral Infection and Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1523-1529. [PMID: 38709994 PMCID: PMC11076006 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The study of S100A9 in viral infections has seen increased interest since the COVID-19 pandemic. S100A8/A9 levels were found to be correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease, cytokine storm, and changes in myeloid cell subsets. These data led to the hypothesis that S100A8/A9 proteins might play an active role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review explores the structures and functions of S100A8/9 and the current knowledge on the involvement of S100A8/A9 and its constituents in viral infections. The potential roles of S100A9 in SARS-CoV-2 infections are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Boucher
- Axe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, and Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d’immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Axe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, and Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d’immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Santanu Bose
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Philippe A. Tessier
- Axe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, and Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d’immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Lee JU, Kim MK, Kim MS, Lee SJ, Park SL, Chang HS, Park JS, Park CS. S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A9, a Potential Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e13. [PMID: 38193329 PMCID: PMC10782039 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophilic inflammation is a characteristic feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) is a neutrophil-derived protein involved in the development of neutrophil-related chronic inflammatory disorders. However, the role of S100A9 in IPF remains unclear. METHODS We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure S100A9 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum obtained from healthy controls (HCs) and patients with IPF, non-specific interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and sarcoidosis. RESULTS Compared with HCs, BALF S100A9 levels were significantly higher in IPF patients (P < 0.001), patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (P = 0.043), and patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (P < 0.001). The S100A9 level in BALF of 0.093 ng/mL could distinguish IPF patients from HCs, with a specificity of 78.8% and a sensitivity of 81.6%. Similarly, the S100A9 level in BALF of 0.239 ng/mL had a specificity of 64.7% and a sensitivity of 66.7% for distinguishing IPF patients from patients with other interstitial lung diseases. Additionally, BALF S100A9 levels were significantly correlated with neutrophil counts (r = 0.356, P < 0.001) in BALF. IPF patients with S100A9 levels in BALF > 0.533 ng/mL had lower survival rates, compared with patients who had levels ≤ 0.553 ng/mL (n = 49; hazard ratio [HR], 3.62; P = 0.021). Combination analysis revealed that IPF patients with S100A9 levels in BALF> 0.553 ng/mL or neutrophil percentages > 49.1% (n = 43) had significantly lower survival rates than patients with S100A9 levels in BALF ≤ 0.553 ng/mL and neutrophil percentages ≤ 49.1% (n = 41) (HR, 3.91; P = 0.014). Additionally, patients with serum S100A9 levels > 0.077 ng/mL (n = 29) had significantly lower survival rates than patients with levels ≤ 0.077 ng/mL (n = 53, HR, 2.52; P = 0.013). S100A9 was expressed on neutrophils and macrophages in BALF from IPF patients as well as α-smooth muscle actin positive cells in the lung tissues. CONCLUSION S100A9 is involved in the development and progression of IPF. Moreover, S100A9 levels in BALF and serum may be surrogate markers for IPF diagnosis and survival prediction, particularly when analyzed in combination with neutrophil percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Uk Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kim
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Sun Ju Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Lee Park
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Microbiology and BK21 Four Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
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El-Husseini ZW, Khalenkow D, Lan A, van der Molen T, Brightling C, Papi A, Rabe KF, Siddiqui S, Singh D, Kraft M, Beghe B, van den Berge M, van Gosliga D, Nawijn MC, Rose-John S, Koppelman GH, Gosens R. An epithelial gene signature of trans-IL-6 signaling defines a subgroup of type 2-low asthma. Respir Res 2023; 24:308. [PMID: 38062491 PMCID: PMC10704725 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is stratified into type 2-high and type 2-low inflammatory phenotypes. Limited success has been achieved in developing drugs that target type 2-low inflammation. Previous studies have linked IL-6 signaling to severe asthma. IL-6 cooperates with soluble-IL-6Rα to activate cell signaling in airway epithelium. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the role of sIL-6Rα amplified IL-6 signaling in airway epithelium and to develop an IL-6+ sIL-6Rα gene signature that may be used to select asthma patients who potentially respond to anti-IL-6 therapy. METHODS Human airway epithelial cells were stimulated with combinations of IL-6, sIL-6Rα, and inhibitors, sgp130 (Olamkicept), and anti-IL-6R (Tocilizumab), to assess effects on pathway activation, epithelial barrier integrity, and gene expression. A gene signature was generated to identify IL-6 high patients using bronchial biopsies and nasal brushes. RESULTS Soluble-IL-6Rα amplified the activation of the IL-6 pathway, shown by the increase of STAT3 phosphorylation and stronger gene induction in airway epithelial cells compared to IL-6 alone. Olamkicept and Tocilizumab inhibited the effect of IL-6 + sIL-6Rα on gene expression. We developed an IL-6 + sIL-6Rα gene signature and observed enrichment of this signature in bronchial biopsies but not nasal brushes from asthma patients compared to healthy controls. An IL-6 + sIL-6Rα gene signature score was associated with lower levels of sputum eosinophils in asthma. CONCLUSION sIL-6Rα amplifies IL-6 signaling in bronchial epithelial cells. Higher local airway IL-6 + sIL-6Rα signaling is observed in asthma patients with low sputum eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid W El-Husseini
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Khalenkow
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andy Lan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thys van der Molen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Brightling
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alberto Papi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Department of Medicine, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel and Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf (Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Salman Siddiqui
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Imperial NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Bianca Beghe
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Djoke van Gosliga
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Gagnon PA, Klein M, De Vos J, Biardel S, Côté A, Godbout K, Laviolette M, Laprise C, Assou S, Chakir J. S100A alarmins and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) regulation in severe asthma following bronchial thermoplasty. Respir Res 2023; 24:294. [PMID: 37996952 PMCID: PMC10668474 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe asthma affects a small proportion of asthmatics but represents a significant healthcare challenge. Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is an interventional treatment approach preconized for uncontrolled severe asthma after considering biologics therapy. It was showed that BT long-lastingly improves asthma control. These improvements seem to be related to the ability of BT to reduce airway smooth muscle remodeling, reduce the number of nerve fibers and to modulate bronchial epithelium integrity and behavior. Current evidence suggest that BT downregulates epithelial mucins expression, cytokine production and metabolic profile. Despite these observations, biological mechanisms explaining asthma control improvement post-BT are still not well understood. OBJECTIVES To assess whether BT affects gene signatures in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). METHODS In this study we evaluated the transcriptome of cultured bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) of severe asthmatics obtained pre- and post-BT treatment using microarrays. We further validated gene and protein expressions in BECs and in bronchial biopsies with immunohistochemistry pre- and post-BT treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Transcriptomics analysis revealed that a large portion of differentially expressed genes (DEG) was involved in anti-viral response, anti-microbial response and pathogen induced cytokine storm signaling pathway. S100A gene family stood out as five members of this family where consistently downregulated post-BT. Further validation revealed that S100A7, S100A8, S100A9 and their receptor (RAGE, TLR4, CD36) expressions were highly enriched in severe asthmatic BECs. Further, these S100A family members were downregulated at the gene and protein levels in BECs and in bronchial biopsies of severe asthmatics post-BT. TLR4 and CD36 protein expression were also reduced in BECs post-BT. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and human β-defensin 2 (hBD2) were significantly decreased while no significant change was observed in IL-25 and IL-33. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that BT might improve asthma control by downregulating epithelial derived S100A family expression and related downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Martin Klein
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - John De Vos
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabrina Biardel
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Andréanne Côté
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Krystelle Godbout
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Said Assou
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamila Chakir
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.
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7
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Gkavogiannakis NA, Tsoporis JN, Drosatos IA, Tsirebolos G, Izhar S, Sakadakis E, Triantafyllis AS, Parker TG, Kalogiros LA, Leong-Poi H, Rallidis LS, Rizos I. Emergent Inflammatory Markers and Echocardiographic Indices in Patients with Bronchial Asthma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:955. [PMID: 37371535 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress of the airways. Several inflammatory pathways including activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) have been described in the course of the disease. DJ-1 is a redox-sensitive protein with multifaceted roles in mast cell homeostasis and an emerging role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Moreover, cardiac function abnormalities have been described via echocardiography in patients with asthma. The main aim of this study was to investigate the plasma levels of RAGE, its ligands and DJ-1 in asthmatic patients pre- and post-treatment along with echocardiographic indices of cardiovascular function. The study population was divided into two groups. Group A included 13 patients with newly diagnosed bronchial asthma who were free of treatment for at least two weeks and Group B included 12 patients without asthma. An echocardiography examination was performed on all patients. The plasma levels of RAGE, its ligands (AGEs, S100A12, S100B, S100A8/A9), the interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β) and DJ-1 were measured. No differences were noted among the two groups for baseline characteristics and echocardiographic indices of cardiac function. In Group A, 31% suffered from mild asthma, 54% from moderate asthma and 15% from severe asthma. Plasma levels of IL-6, AGEs and AGE/RAGE ratio were increased and those of S100A12 and DJ-1 were decreased in asthmatics. Pharmacotherapy with corticosteroids/β2-agonists decreased IL-6, and AGEs, and increased DJ-1. In search of novel approaches in diagnosing and treating patients with asthma, S100A12, ratio AGE/sRAGE, and DJ-1 in addition to IL-6 may prove to be useful tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Gkavogiannakis
- Allergy Unit "D. Kalogeromitros", Attikon University Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece
- Allergy & Clinical Immunology Department, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - James N Tsoporis
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Ioannis-Alexandros Drosatos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece
- Department of Cardiology, 414 Military Hospital, P. Penteli, 152 36 Athens, Greece
| | - George Tsirebolos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece
- Department of Cardiology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Shehla Izhar
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | | | | | - Thomas G Parker
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Lampros A Kalogiros
- Allergy & Clinical Immunology Department, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Rizos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece
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8
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Fraga-Silva TFDC, Boko MMM, Martins NS, Cetlin AA, Russo M, Vianna EO, Bonato VLD. Asthma-associated bacterial infections: Are they protective or deleterious? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:14-22. [PMID: 37780109 PMCID: PMC10510013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic, noneosinophilic, or mixed granulocytic inflammations are the hallmarks of asthma heterogeneity. Depending on the priming of lung immune and structural cells, subjects with asthma might generate immune responses that are TH2-prone or TH17-prone immune response. Bacterial infections caused by Haemophilus, Moraxella, or Streptococcus spp. induce the secretion of IL-17, which in turn recruit neutrophils into the airways. Clinical studies and experimental models of asthma indicated that neutrophil infiltration induces a specific phenotype of asthma, characterized by an impaired response to corticosteroid treatment. The understanding of pathways that regulate the TH17-neutrophils axis is critical to delineate and develop host-directed therapies that might control asthma and its exacerbation episodes that course with infectious comorbidities. In this review, we outline clinical and experimental studies on the role of airway epithelial cells, S100A9, and high mobility group box 1, which act in concert with the IL-17-neutrophil axis activated by bacterial infections, and are related with asthma that is difficult to treat. Furthermore, we report critically our view in the light of these findings in an attempt to stimulate further investigations and development of immunotherapies for the control of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mèdéton Mahoussi Michaël Boko
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Núbia Sabrina Martins
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Andrea Antunes Cetlin
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elcio Oliveira Vianna
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Vania Luiza Deperon Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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9
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Li J, Huang X, Xie K, Zhang J, Yang J, Yan Z, Gun S. Decreased S100A9 expression alleviates Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin-induced inflammatory injury in IPEC-J2 cells. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14722. [PMID: 36718447 PMCID: PMC9884034 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) is a commonly known pro-inflammatory factor involved in various inflammatory responses. Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens ) type C is known to cause diarrhea in piglets. However, the role of S100A9 in C. perfringens type C-induced infectious diarrhea is unclear. Methods Here, the S100A9 gene was overexpressed and knocked down in the IPEC-J2 cells, which were treated with C. perfringens beta2 (CPB2) toxin. The role of S100A9 in CPB2 toxin-induced injury in IPEC-J2 cells was assessed by measuring the levels of inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cell proliferation, and tight junction-related proteins. Results The results showed elevated expression of S100A9 in diarrhea-affected piglet tissues, and the elevation of S100A9 expression after CPB2 toxin treatment of IPEC-J2 was time-dependent. In CPB2 toxin-induced IPEC-J2 cells, overexpression of S100A9 had the following effects: the relative expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL8, TNF-α, and IL-1β was increased; the ROS levels and LDH viability were significantly increased; cell viability and proliferation were inhibited; the G0/G1 phase cell ratio was significantly increased. Furthermore, overexpression of S100A9 reduced the expression of tight junction proteins in CPB2-induced IPEC-J2 cells. The knockdown of S100A9 had an inverse effect. In conclusion, our results confirmed that S100A9 exacerbated inflammatory injury in CPB2 toxin-induced IPEC-J2 cells, inhibited cell viability and cell proliferation, and disrupted the tight junctions between cells. Thus, decreased S100A9 expression alleviates CPB2 toxin-induced inflammatory injury in IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kaihui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Juanli Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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10
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Du F, Ding Z, Rönnow CF, Rahman M, Schiopu A, Thorlacius H. S100A9 induces reactive oxygen species-dependent formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in abdominal sepsis. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113405. [PMID: 36328195 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that targeting S100A9 reduces pathological inflammation in abdominal sepsis. Herein, we investigated the role of S100A9 in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in septic lung damage. NETs were detected by electron microscopy in the lung and by confocal microscopy in vitro. Stimulation of isolated mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils with S100A9 triggered formation of NETs. Blocking TLR4 and RAGE reduced S100A9-induced generation of NETs and DNA-histone complexes. Moreover, S100A9 challenge increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bone marrow neutrophils. Co-incubation with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor not only decreased ROS formation but also attenuated induction of DNA-histone complexes in S100A9-stimulated neutrophils. Abdominal sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in male C57BL/6 mice. Administration of the S100A9 inhibitor ABR-238901 decreased CLP-induced formation of NETs in lungs and DNA-histone complexes in plasma. In addition, transmission electron microscopy revealed that S100A9 was abundantly expressed on NETs in the lungs in CLP mice. By use of intravital microscopy, we found that local injection of NETs increased leukocyte adhesion and migration in the mouse cremaster muscle microvasculature. Notably, treatment with ABR-238901 attenuated NET-induced leukocyte adhesion and extravasation in the cremaster muscle, suggesting that NET-associated S100A9 promotes leukocyte recruitment in vivo. Taken together, these novel findings suggest that S100A9 triggers ROS-dependent formation of NETs via TLR4 and RAGE signaling in neutrophils. Moreover, S100A9 regulates both formation of NETs and NET-induced leukocyte recruitment in vivo. Thus, targeting S100A9 might be useful to ameliorate lung damage in abdominal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Du
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Zhiyi Ding
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Rönnow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Milladur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, 21428, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Thorlacius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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11
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Hemshekhar M, Mostafa DHD, Spicer V, Piyadasa H, Maestre-Batlle D, Bolling AK, Halayko AJ, Carlsten C, Mookherjee N. Sex Dimorphism of Allergen-Induced Secreted Proteins in Murine and Human Lungs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:923986. [PMID: 35837410 PMCID: PMC9273854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.923986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological sex influences disease severity, prevalence and response to therapy in allergic asthma. However, allergen-mediated sex-specific changes in lung protein biomarkers remain undefined. Here, we report sex-related differences in specific proteins secreted in the lungs of both mice and humans, in response to inhaled allergens. Female and male BALB/c mice (7-8 weeks) were intranasally challenged with the allergen house dust mite (HDM) for 2 weeks. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected 24 hour after the last HDM challenge from allergen-naïve and HDM-challenged mice (N=10 per group, each sex). In a human study, adult participants were exposed to nebulized (2 min) allergens (based on individual sensitivity), BALF was obtained after 24 hour (N=5 each female and male). The BALF samples were examined in immunoblots for the abundance of 10 proteins shown to increase in response to allergen in both murine and human BALF, selected from proteomics studies. We showed significant sex-bias in allergen-driven increase in five out of the 10 selected proteins. Of these, increase in eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) was significantly higher in females compared to males, in both mice and human BALF. We also showed specific sex-related differences between murine and human samples. For example, allergen-driven increase in S100A8 and S100A9 was significantly higher in BALF of females compared to males in mice, but significantly higher in males compared to females in humans. Overall, this study provides sex-specific protein biomarkers that are enhanced in response to allergen in murine and human lungs, informing and motivating translational research in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dina H. D. Mostafa
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hadeesha Piyadasa
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Danay Maestre-Batlle
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anette K. Bolling
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Neeloffer Mookherjee,
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12
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhao Z, Sun H, Luo D, Huttad L, Zhang B, Han B. A new nomogram model for prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on novel gene signature that regulates cross-talk between immune and tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:379. [PMID: 35397536 PMCID: PMC8994280 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The combined application of immune cells and specific biomarkers related to the tumor immune microenvironment has a better predictive value for the prognosis of HCC. The purpose of this study is to construct a new prognostic model based on immune-related genes that regulate cross-talk between immune and tumor cells to assess the prognosis and explore possible mechanisms. Method The immune cell abundance ratio of 424 cases in the TCGA-LIHC database is obtained through the CIBERSORT algorithm. The differential gene analysis and cox regression analysis is used to screen IRGs. In addition, the function of IRGs was preliminarily explored through the co-culture of M2 macrophages and HCC cell lines. The clinical validation, nomogram establishment and performing tumor microenvironment score were validated. Results We identified 4 immune cells and 9 hub genes related to the prognosis. Further, we identified S100A9, CD79B, TNFRSF11B as an IRGs signature, which is verified in the ICGC and GSE76427 database. Importantly, IRGs signature is closely related to the prognosis, tumor microenvironment score, clinical characteristics and immunotherapy, and nomogram combined with clinical characteristics is more conducive to clinical promotion. In addition, after co-culture with M2 macrophages, the migration capacity and cell pseudopod of MHCC97H increased significantly. And CD79B and TNFRSF11B were significantly down-regulated in MHCC97H, Huh7 and LM3, while S100A9 was up-regulated. Conclusion We constructed an IRGs signature and discussed possible mechanisms. The nomogram established based on IRGs can accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients. These findings may provide a suitable therapeutic target for HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09465-9.
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13
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Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Abbasi M, Kahnooji M, Ghorbani Z, Abbasifard M. The prognostic value of S100A calcium binding protein family members in predicting severe forms of COVID-19. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:369-376. [PMID: 35217896 PMCID: PMC8881187 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive inflammation has been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the current study, the involvement of S100 calcium binding protein S100A4, S100A9, and S100A10 in the inflammatory settings of COVID-19 patients were evaluated. Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 65 COVID-19 subjects and 50 healthy controls. From the blood samples, RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized, and then the mRNA expression levels of S100A4, S100A9, and S100A10 were measured by Real-time PCR. Results The mRNA expression of S100A4 (fold change [FC] = 1.45, P = 0.0011), S100A9 (FC = 1.47, P = 0.0013), and S100A10 (FC = 1.35, P = 0.0053) was significantly upregulated in COVID-19 patients than controls. The mRNA expression of S100A4 (FC = 1.43, P = 0.0071), (FC = 1.66, P = 0.0001), and S100A10 (FC = 1.63, P = 0.0003) was significantly upregulated in the severe COVID-19 subjects than mild-to-moderate subjects. There was a significant positive correlation between mRNA expression of S100A4 (ρ = 0.49, P = 0.030), S100A9 (ρ = 0.55, P = 0.009), and S100A10 (ρ = 0.39, P = 0.040) and d-dimer in the COVID-19 patients. The AUC for S100A4, S100A9, and S100A10 mRNAs were 0.79 (95% CI 0.66–0.92, P = 0.004), 0.80 (95% CI 0.67–0.93, P = 0.002), and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56–0.85, P = 0.010), respectively. Conclusions S100A4, S100A9, and S100A10 play a role in the inflammatory conditions in COVID-19 patients and have potential in prognosis of severe form of COVID-19. Targeting these modules, hopefully, might confer a therapeutic tool in preventing sever symptoms in the COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadese Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Kahnooji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zainab Ghorbani
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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14
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Zhang X, Xu Z, Wen X, Huang G, Nian S, Li L, Guo X, Ye Y, Yuan Q. The onset, development and pathogenesis of severe neutrophilic asthma. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:144-159. [PMID: 35080788 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is divided into Th2 high, Th2 low and mixed types. The Th2 high type is dominated by eosinophils while the Th2 low type is divided into neutrophilic and paucigranulocytic types. Eosinophilic asthma has gained increased attention recently, and its pathogenesis and treatment are well understood. However, severe neutrophilic asthma requires more in-depth research because its pathogenesis is not well understood, and no effective treatment exists. This review looks at the advances made in asthma research, the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma, the mechanisms of progression to severe asthma, risk factors for asthma exacerbations, and biomarkers and treatment of neutrophilic asthma. The pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma is further discussed from four aspects: Th17-type inflammatory response, inflammasomes, exosomes and microRNAs. This review provides direction for the mechanistic study, diagnosis and treatment of neutrophilic asthma. The treatment of neutrophilic asthma remains a significant challenge for clinical therapists and is an important area of future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zhang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixi Xu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Zigong Hospital of Woman and Children Healthcare, Sichuan, China
| | - Siji Nian
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiyuan Guo
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingchun Ye
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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15
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Bich TCT, Quoc QL, Choi Y, Yang EM, Trinh HKT, Shin YS, Park HS. Serum Amyloid A1: A Biomarker for Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Adult Asthmatic Patients. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 14:40-58. [PMID: 34983106 PMCID: PMC8724823 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We evaluated the role of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation according to the phenotype of asthma. Methods One hundred twenty-two asthmatic patients and 60 healthy control subjects (HCs) were enrolled to measure SAA1 levels. The production of SAA1 from airway epithelial cells (AECs) and its effects on macrophages and neutrophils were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results The SAA1 levels were significantly higher in sera of asthmatic patients than in those of HCs (P = 0.014); among asthmatics, patients with neutrophilic asthma (NA) showed significantly higher SAA1 levels than those with non-NA (P < 0.001). In vitro, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I-C) treatment markedly enhanced the production of SAA1 from AECs, which was further augmented by neutrophils; SAA1 could induce the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 from AECs. Additionally, SAA1 activated neutrophils and macrophages isolated from peripheral blood of asthmatics, releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and secreting proinflammatory cytokines presenting M1 phenotype, respectively. In ovalbumin-induced asthma mice, Poly I-C treatment significantly increased SAA1 levels as well as IL-17A/interferon-gamma/IL-33 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), leading to airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. The highest levels of SAA1 and neutrophilia were noted in the BALF and sera of the NA mouse model, followed by the mixed granulocytic asthma (MA) model. Especially, SAA1 induced IL-17/retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt expression from activated CD4+ T lymphocytes in asthmatic mice. Conclusions The results show that SAA1 could induce neutrophilic airway inflammation by activating neutrophils along with NET formation, M1 macrophages, and Th2/Th17 predominant cells, contributing to the phenotype of NA or MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra Cao Thi Bich
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Quang Luu Quoc
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Yang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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16
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Perkins TN, Oury TD. The perplexing role of RAGE in pulmonary fibrosis: causality or casualty? Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 15:17534666211016071. [PMID: 34275342 PMCID: PMC8293846 DOI: 10.1177/17534666211016071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease in which most patients die within 3 years of diagnosis. With an unknown etiology, IPF results in progressive fibrosis of the lung parenchyma, diminishing normal lung function, which results in respiratory failure, and eventually, death. While few therapies are available to reduce disease progression, patients continue to advance toward respiratory failure, leaving lung transplantation the only viable option for survival. As incidence and mortality rates steadily increase, the need for novel therapeutics is imperative. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is most highly expressed in the lungs and plays a significant role in a number of chronic lung diseases. RAGE has long been linked to IPF; however, confounding data from both human and experimental studies have left an incomplete and perplexing story. This review examines the present understanding of the role of RAGE in human and experimental models of IPF, drawing parallels to recent advances in RAGE biology. Moreover, this review discusses the role of RAGE in lung injury response, type 2 immunity, and cellular senescence, and how such mechanisms may relate to RAGE as both a biomarker of disease progression and potential therapeutic target in IPF.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, S-784 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tim D Oury
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Skerrett-Byrne DA, Bromfield EG, Murray HC, Jamaluddin MFB, Jarnicki AG, Fricker M, Essilfie AT, Jones B, Haw TJ, Hampsey D, Anderson AL, Nixon B, Scott RJ, Wark PAB, Dun MD, Hansbro PM. Time-resolved proteomic profiling of cigarette smoke-induced experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2021; 26:960-973. [PMID: 34224176 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of illness and death worldwide. Current treatments aim to control symptoms with none able to reverse disease or stop its progression. We explored the major molecular changes in COPD pathogenesis. METHODS We employed quantitative label-based proteomics to map the changes in the lung tissue proteome of cigarette smoke-induced experimental COPD that is induced over 8 weeks and progresses over 12 weeks. RESULTS Quantification of 7324 proteins enabled the tracking of changes to the proteome. Alterations in protein expression profiles occurred in the induction phase, with 18 and 16 protein changes at 4- and 6-week time points, compared to age-matched controls, respectively. Strikingly, 269 proteins had altered expression after 8 weeks when the hallmark pathological features of human COPD emerge, but this dropped to 27 changes at 12 weeks with disease progression. Differentially expressed proteins were validated using other mouse and human COPD bronchial biopsy samples. Major changes in RNA biosynthesis (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 [HNRNPC] and RNA-binding protein Musashi homologue 2 [MSI2]) and modulators of inflammatory responses (S100A1) were notable. Mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in oxidative stress proteins also occurred. CONCLUSION We provide a detailed proteomic profile, identifying proteins associated with the pathogenesis and disease progression of COPD establishing a platform to develop effective new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Skerrett-Byrne
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heather C Murray
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Fairuz B Jamaluddin
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Fricker
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ama T Essilfie
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt J Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Hampsey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Anderson
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Quoc QL, Choi Y, Thi Bich TC, Yang EM, Shin YS, Park HS. S100A9 in adult asthmatic patients: a biomarker for neutrophilic asthma. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1170-1179. [PMID: 34285336 PMCID: PMC8333352 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomarkers and therapeutic targets of neutrophilic asthma (NA) are poorly understood. Although S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) has been shown to correlate with neutrophil activation, its role in asthma pathogenesis has not been clarified. This study investigated the mechanism by which S100A9 is involved in neutrophil activation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-induced airway inflammation, and macrophage polarization in NA. The S100A9 levels (by ELISA) in sera/culture supernatant of peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs) and M0 macrophages from asthmatic patients were measured and compared to those of healthy controls (HCs). The function of S100A9 was evaluated using airway epithelial cells (AECs) and PBNs/M0 macrophages from asthmatic patients, as well as a mouse asthma model. The serum levels of S100A9 were higher in NA patients than in non-NA patients, and there was a positive correlation between serum S100A9 levels and sputum neutrophil counts (r = 0.340, P = 0.005). Asthmatic patients with higher S100A9 levels had lower PC20 methacholine values and a higher prevalence of severe asthma (SA) (P < .050). PBNs/M0 macrophages from SA released more S100A9 than those from non-SA patients. PBNs from asthmatic patients induced S100A9 production by AECs, which further activated AECs via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, stimulated NET formation, and induced M1 macrophage polarization. Higher S100A9 levels in sera, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissues were observed in the mouse model of NA but not in the other mouse models. These results suggest that S100A9 is a potential serum biomarker and therapeutic target for NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Luu Quoc
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tra Cao Thi Bich
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Yang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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19
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Perkins TN, Donnell ML, Oury TD. The axis of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts in asthma and allergic airway disease. Allergy 2021; 76:1350-1366. [PMID: 32976640 DOI: 10.1111/all.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a generalized term that describes a scope of distinct pathologic phenotypes of variable severity, which share a common complication of reversible airflow obstruction. Asthma is estimated to affect almost 400 million people worldwide, and nearly ten percent of asthmatics have what is considered "severe" disease. The majority of moderate to severe asthmatics present with a "type 2-high" (T2-hi) phenotypic signature, which pathologically is driven by the type 2 cytokines Interleukin-(IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. However, "type 2-low" (T2-lo) phenotypic signatures are often associated with more severe, steroid-refractory neutrophilic asthma. A wide range of clinical and experimental studies have found that the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic airway disease (AAD). Current experimental data indicates that RAGE is a critical mediator of the type 2 inflammatory reactions which drive the development of T2-hi AAD. However, clinical studies demonstrate that increased RAGE ligands and signaling strongly correlate with asthma severity, especially in severe neutrophilic asthma. This review presents an overview of the current understandings of RAGE in asthma pathogenesis, its role as a biomarker of disease, and future implications for mechanistic studies, and potential therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N. Perkins
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Mason L. Donnell
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Tim D. Oury
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USA
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20
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Liu HY, Xiang HX, Xiang Y, Xu Z, Feng CM, Fei J, Fu L, Zhao H. The associations of serum S100A9 with the severity and prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:327. [PMID: 33827454 PMCID: PMC8028176 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies found that S100A9 may involve in the pathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the role of S100A9 was unclear in the CAP. The goal was to explore the correlations of serum S100A9 with the severity and prognosis of CAP patients based on a prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 220 CAP patients and 110 control subjects were recruited. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Serum S100A9 and inflammatory cytokines were measured. RESULTS Serum S100A9 was elevated in CAP patients on admission. Serum S100A9 was gradually elevated parallelly with CAP severity scores. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines were increased and blood routine parameters were changed in CAP patients compared with control subjects. Correlation analysis found that serum S100A9 was positively associated with CAP severity scores, blood routine parameters (WBC, NLR and MON) and inflammatory cytokines. Further, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that there were positive associations between serum S100A9 and CAP severity scores. Besides, the prognosis of CAP was tracked. Serum higher S100A9 on the early stage elevated the death of risk and hospital stay among CAP patients. CONCLUSION Serum S100A9 is positively correlated with the severity of CAP. On admission, serum higher S100A9 elevates the risk of death and hospital stay in CAP patients, suggesting that S100A9 may exert a certain role in the pathophysiology of CAP and regard as a serum diagnostic and managing biomarker for CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Liu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hui-Xian Xiang
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Chun-Mei Feng
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jun Fei
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, China. .,Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, China.
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21
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Lee JU, Park JS, Jun JA, Kim MK, Chang HS, Baek DG, Song HJ, Kim MS, Park CS. Inhibitory Effect of Paquinimod on a Murine Model of Neutrophilic Asthma Induced by Ovalbumin with Complete Freund's Adjuvant. Can Respir J 2021; 2021:8896108. [PMID: 33791048 PMCID: PMC7984926 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8896108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quinoline-3-carboxamides have been used to treat autoimmune/inflammatory diseases in humans because they inhibit the functions of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9), which participates in the development of neutrophilic inflammation in asthmatics and in an animal model of neutrophilic asthma. However, the therapeutic effects of these chemicals have not been evaluated in asthma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of paquinimod, one of the quinoline-3-carboxamides, on a murine model of neutrophilic asthma. Methods Paquinimod was orally administered to 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA)/complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and OVA. Lung inflammation and remodeling were evaluated using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and histologic findings including goblet cell count. S100A9, caspase-1, IL-1β, MPO, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured in lung lysates using western blotting. Results Paquinimod restored the enhancement of airway resistance and the increases in numbers of neutrophils and macrophages of BAL fluids and those of goblet cells in OVA/CFA mice toward the levels of sham-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner (0.1, 1, 10, and 25 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Concomitantly, p20 activated caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were markedly attenuated. Conclusion These data indicate that paquinimod effectively inhibits neutrophilic inflammation and remodeling in the murine model of neutrophilic asthma, possibly via downregulation of IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Uk Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Jun
- PulmoBioPark Co.,Ltd., Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kim
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Baek
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Song
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39371, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- PulmoBioPark Co.,Ltd., Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kotsiou OS, Papagiannis D, Papadopoulou R, Gourgoulianis KI. Calprotectin in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041706. [PMID: 33567747 PMCID: PMC7915440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin (CLP) is a heterodimer formed by two S-100 calcium-binding cytosolic proteins, S100A8 and S100A9. It is a multifunctional protein expressed mainly by neutrophils and released extracellularly by activated or damaged cells mediating a broad range of physiological and pathological responses. It has been more than 20 years since the implication of S100A8/A9 in the inflammatory process was shown; however, the evaluation of its role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases or its usefulness as a biomarker for the appropriate diagnosis and prognosis of lung diseases have only gained attention in recent years. This review aimed to provide current knowledge regarding the potential role of CLP in the pathophysiology of lung diseases and describe how this knowledge is, up until now, translated into daily clinical practice. CLP is involved in numerous cellular processes in lung health and disease. In addition to its anti-microbial functions, CLP also serves as a molecule with pro- and anti-tumor properties related to cell survival and growth, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The findings of this review potentially introduce CLP in daily clinical practice within the spectrum of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Rodanthi Papadopoulou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK;
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23
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Wei R, Zhu WW, Yu GY, Wang X, Gao C, Zhou X, Lin ZF, Shao WQ, Wang SH, Lu M, Qin LX. S100 calcium-binding protein A9 from tumor-associated macrophage enhances cancer stem cell-like properties of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1233-1244. [PMID: 33205453 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial components of the tumor microenvironment. They play vital roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the interactions between TAMs and HCC cells have not been fully characterized. In this study, TAMs were induced using human monocytic cell line THP-1 cells in vitro to investigate their functions in HCC progression. S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9), an inflammatory microenvironment-related secreted protein, was identified to be significantly upregulated in TAMs. S100A9 expression in tumor tissues was associated with poor survival of HCC patients. It could enhance the stem cell-like properties of HepG2 and MHCC-97H cells by activating nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway through advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor in a Ca2+ -dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that, after treatment with S100A9, HepG2 and MHCC-97H cells recruited more macrophages via chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2, which suggests a positive feedback between TAMs and HCC cells. Taken together, our findings reveal that TAMs could upregulate secreted protein S100A9 and enhance the stem cell-like properties of HCC cells and provide a potential therapeutic target for combating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Yang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Lee YG, Hong J, Lee PH, Lee J, Park SW, Kim D, Jang AS. Serum Calprotectin Is a Potential Marker in Patients with Asthma. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e362. [PMID: 33169556 PMCID: PMC7653171 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calprotectin is the major cytosolic protein in neutrophil granulocytes. Although asthma is known to cause eosinophilic inflammation, some patients with asthma have non-eosinophilic inflammation, which is characterized by local neutrophilic inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess calprotectin expression levels in a mouse model of asthma, and to observe the relationship of serum calprotectin level and clinical variables in patients with asthma. METHODS Mice were sensitized and challenged with 10 μg and 20 μg of Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively; mice treated with saline were used as a control. The levels of calprotectin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. The serum levels of calprotectin were also assessed in patients with asthma. The relationship between calprotectin and clinicopathological characteristics was determined. RESULTS Calprotectin, S100A8, and S100A9 expression was elevated in the mouse lungs, calprotectin levels were higher in the serum of patients with asthma (n = 33) compared with those of healthy individuals (n = 28). Calprotectin levels correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (r = -0.215, P = 0.043), smoke amount (r = 0.413, P = 0.017), body mass index (r = -0.445, P = 0.000), and blood neutrophil percentage (r = 0.300, P = 0.004) in patients with asthma. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that calprotectin could potentially be used as a biomarker for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gi Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Pureun Haneul Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Junehyuk Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - DoJin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - An Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
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25
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De Volder J, Vereecke L, Joos G, Maes T. Targeting neutrophils in asthma: A therapeutic opportunity? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114292. [PMID: 33080186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of airway inflammation with inhaled corticosteroids has been the key therapeutic approach for asthma for many years. Identification of inflammatory phenotypes in asthma has moreover led to important breakthroughs, e.g. with specific targeting of the IL-5 pathway as add-on treatment in difficult-to-treat eosinophilic asthma. However, the impact of interfering with the neutrophilic component in asthma is less documented and understood. This review provides an overview of established and recent insights with regard to the role of neutrophils in asthma, focusing on research in humans. We will describe the main drivers of neutrophilic responses in asthma, the heterogeneity in neutrophils and how they could contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Moreover we will describe findings from clinical trials, in which neutrophilic inflammation was targeted. It is clear that neutrophils are important actors in asthma development and play a role in exacerbations. However, more research is required to fully understand how modulation of neutrophil activity could lead to a significant benefit in asthma patients with airway neutrophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyceline De Volder
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars Vereecke
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Guy Joos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tania Maes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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26
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Hemshekhar M, Piyadasa H, Mostafa D, Chow LNY, Halayko AJ, Mookherjee N. Cathelicidin and Calprotectin Are Disparately Altered in Murine Models of Inflammatory Arthritis and Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1932. [PMID: 32973796 PMCID: PMC7468387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic host defense peptides (CHDP) are immunomodulatory molecules that control infections and contribute to immune homeostasis. CHDP such as cathelicidin and calprotectin expression is altered in the arthritic synovium, and in the lungs of asthma and COPD patients. Recent studies suggest a link between airway inflammation and the immunopathology of arthritis. Therefore, in this study we compared the abundance of mouse cathelicidin (CRAMP), defensins, and calprotectin subunits (S100A8 and S100A9) in murine models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and allergen house dust mite (HDM)-challenged airway inflammation. CRAMP, S100A8, and S100A9 abundance were significantly elevated in the joint tissues of CIA mice, whereas these were decreased in the lung tissues of HDM-challenged mice, compared to naïve. We further compared the effects of administration of two different synthetic immunomodulatory peptides, IG-19 and IDR-1002, on cathelicidin and calprotectin abundance in the two models. Administration of IG-19, which controls disease progression and inflammation in CIA mice, significantly decreased CRAMP, S100A8, and S100A9 levels to baseline in the joints of the CIA mice, which correlated with the decrease in cellular influx in the joints. However, administration of IDR-1002, which suppresses HDM-induced airway inflammation, did not prevent the decrease in the levels of cathelicidin and calprotectin in the lungs of HDM-challenged mice. Cathelicidin and calprotectin levels did not correlate with leukocyte accumulation in the lungs of the HDM-challenged mice. Results of this study suggest that endogenous cathelicidin and calprotectin abundance are disparately altered, and may be differentially regulated, within local tissues in airway inflammation compared to arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hadeesha Piyadasa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dina Mostafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Leola N Y Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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27
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Kim SH. Blood molecular biomarkers of the inflammatory phenotypes of asthma. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:857-860. [PMID: 32668518 PMCID: PMC7373980 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Correspondence to Sae-Hoon Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundanggu, Seongnam 13620, Korea Tel: +82-31-787-7046 Fax: +82-31-787-4052 E-mail:
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28
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Palmer LD, Maloney KN, Boyd KL, Goleniewska AK, Toki S, Maxwell CN, Chazin WJ, Peebles RS, Newcomb DC, Skaar EP. The Innate Immune Protein S100A9 Protects from T-Helper Cell Type 2-mediated Allergic Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:459-468. [PMID: 30943376 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0217oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin is a heterodimer of the proteins S100A8 and S100A9, and it is an abundant innate immune protein associated with inflammation. In humans, calprotectin transcription and protein abundance are associated with asthma and disease severity. However, mechanistic studies in experimental asthma models have been inconclusive, identifying both protective and pathogenic effects of calprotectin. To clarify the role of calprotectin in asthma, calprotectin-deficient S100A9-/- and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were compared in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Mice were intranasally challenged with extracts of the clinically relevant allergen, Alternaria alternata (Alt Ext), or PBS every third day over 9 days. On Day 10, BAL fluid and lung tissue homogenates were harvested and allergic airway inflammation was assessed. Alt Ext challenge induced release of S100A8/S100A9 to the alveolar space and increased protein expression in the alveolar epithelium of WT mice. Compared with WT mice, S100A9-/- mice displayed significantly enhanced allergic airway inflammation, including production of IL-13, CCL11, CCL24, serum IgE, eosinophil recruitment, and airway resistance and elastance. In response to Alt Ext, S100A9-/- mice accumulated significantly more IL-13+IL-5+CD4+ T-helper type 2 cells. S100A9-/- mice also accumulated a significantly lower proportion of CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells in the lung that had significantly lower expression of CD25. Calprotectin enhanced WT Treg cell suppressive activity in vitro. Therefore, this study identifies a role for the innate immune protein, S100A9, in protection from CD4+ T-helper type 2 cell hyperinflammation in response to Alt Ext. This protection is mediated, at least in part, by CD4+ Treg cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - K Nichole Maloney
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - A Kasia Goleniewska
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Shinji Toki
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - C Noel Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry and.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Department of Biochemistry and.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
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Han XA, Jie HY, Wang JH, Zhang XM, Wang J, Yu CX, Zhang JL, He J, Chen JQ, Lai KF, Sun EW. Necrostatin-1 Ameliorates Neutrophilic Inflammation in Asthma by Suppressing MLKL Phosphorylation to Inhibiting NETs Release. Front Immunol 2020; 11:666. [PMID: 32391007 PMCID: PMC7194114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation occurs during asthma exacerbation, and especially, in patients with steroid-refractory asthma, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, a significant accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the airways of neutrophilic asthma has been documented, suggesting that NETs may play an important role in the pathogenesis. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that NETs could induce human airway epithelial cell damage in vitro. In a mouse asthmatic model of neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation, we found that NETs were markedly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and the formation of NETs exacerbated the airway inflammation. Additionally, a small-molecule drug necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) shown to inhibit NETs formation was found to alleviate the neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation. Nec-1 reduced total protein concentration, myeloperoxidase activity, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in BAL. Finally, further experiments proved that the inhibition of Nec-1 on NETs formation might be related to its ability to inhibiting mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) phosphorylation and perforation. Together, these results document that NETs are closely associated with the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma and inhibition of the formation of NETs by Nec-1 may be a new therapeutic strategy to ameliorate neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X A Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Y Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J H Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X M Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiration, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C X Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J L Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Q Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - K F Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - E W Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Sreejit G, Flynn MC, Patil M, Krishnamurthy P, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. S100 family proteins in inflammation and beyond. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 98:173-231. [PMID: 32564786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The S100 family proteins possess a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They interact with multiple receptors and signal transducers to regulate pathways that govern inflammation, cell differentiation, proliferation, energy metabolism, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cell cytoskeleton and microbial resistance. S100 proteins are also emerging as novel diagnostic markers for identifying and monitoring various diseases. Strategies aimed at targeting S100-mediated signaling pathways hold a great potential in developing novel therapeutics for multiple diseases. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the role of S100 family proteins in health and disease with a major focus on their role in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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31
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Kim DH, Gu A, Lee JS, Yang EJ, Kashif A, Hong MH, Kim G, Park BS, Lee SJ, Kim IS. Suppressive effects of S100A8 and S100A9 on neutrophil apoptosis by cytokine release of human bronchial epithelial cells in asthma. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:498-509. [PMID: 32174780 PMCID: PMC7053304 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.37833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 are important proteins in the pathogenesis of allergy. Asthma is an allergic lung disease, characterized by bronchial inflammation due to leukocytes, bronchoconstriction, and allergen-specific IgE. In this study, we examined the role of S100A8 and S100A9 in the interaction of cytokine release from bronchial epithelial cells, with constitutive apoptosis of neutrophils. S100A8 and S100A9 induce increased secretion of neutrophil survival cytokines such as MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8. This secretion is suppressed by TLR4 inhibitor), LY294002, AKT inhibitor, PD98059, SB202190, SP600125, and BAY-11-7085. S100A8 and S100A9 also induce the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, p38 MAPK and JNK, and activation of NF-κB, which were blocked after exposure to TLR4i, LY294002, AKTi, PD98059, SB202190 or SP600125. Furthermore, supernatants collected from bronchial epithelial cells after S100A8 and S100A9 stimulation suppressed the apoptosis of normal and asthmatic neutrophils. These inhibitory mechanisms are involved in suppression of caspase 9 and caspase 3 activation, and BAX expression. The degradation of MCL-1 and BCL-2 was also blocked by S100A8 and S100A9 stimulation. Essentially, neutrophil apoptosis was blocked by co-culture of normal and asthmatic neutrophils with BEAS-2B cells in the presence of S100A8 and S100A9. These findings will enable elucidation of asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824
| | - Ayoung Gu
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824
| | - Ji-Sook Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, 54538
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610
| | - Ayesha Kashif
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824
| | - Min Hwa Hong
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824
| | - Geunyeong Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824
| | - Beom Seok Park
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, 301-746
| | - In Sik Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
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32
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Manni ML, Alcorn JF. Calprotectin-g the Lung during Type 2 Allergic Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:405-407. [PMID: 31046403 PMCID: PMC6775944 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0125ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Manni
- Department of PediatricsUPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of PediatricsUPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Huang M, Wu R, Chen L, Peng Q, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Duan L. S100A9 Regulates MDSCs-Mediated Immune Suppression via the RAGE and TLR4 Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2243. [PMID: 31620141 PMCID: PMC6759487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a major component of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and have been recognized as a contributing factor to inflammation-related cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of MDSCs accumulation and activation remain elusive. We previously showed that the proinflammatory molecule S100A9 in TME exerts a tumor-promoting effect in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). In this report, we investigated the effect and molecular mechanisms of S100A9 on the accumulation and immunosuppressive function of MDSCs in CRC. Elevated S100A9 and MDSCs were found in tumor tissue and peripheral blood from CRC patients. Circulating S100A9 and MDSCs were positively associated to each other, and both S100A9 and MDSCs were correlated to neoplastic progression. Using a CRC cell line LoVo-induced MDSCs model, we found that S100A9 stimulated chemotaxis and activation but not viability of MDSCs. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that activation of RAGE-mediated p38 MAPK and TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways were involved in S100A9-induced chemotaxis and MDSCs activation, respectively. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed that combination detection of S100A9 and MDSCs was superior to individual detection of these two factors for diagnosing CRC patients with advanced staging and lymphatic metastasis, which yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.92 with 86.7% sensitivity and 86.4% specificity, and an AUC of 0.82 with 75% sensitivity and 77.1% specificity, respectively. Collectively, our study suggests that the S100A9 plays a pivotal role in immunosuppressive TME by stimulating MDSCs chemotaxis and activation, and combination detection of S100A9 and MDSCs may serve as a potential marker for diagnosis of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Academic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Phenotype-Specific Therapeutic Effect of Rhodiola wallichiana var. cholaensis Combined with Dexamethasone on Experimental Murine Asthma and Its Comprehensive Pharmacological Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174216. [PMID: 31466312 PMCID: PMC6747379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of asthma involves complex pathogenesis leading to confusion regarding the choice of therapeutic strategy. In the clinic, asthma is commonly classified as having either eosinophilic asthma (EA) or non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) phenotypes. Microbiota colonizing in airways has been demonstrated to induce distinct phenotypes of asthma and the resistance to steroids. Rhodiola wallichiana var. cholaensis (RWC) has the potential to alleviate asthmatic inflammation according to recent studies, but its pharmacological mechanisms remain unclarified. In our study, murine asthmatic phenotypes were established and treated with RWC and/or dexamethasone (DEX). Combined treatment with RWC and DEX could improve spirometry and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatic phenotypes, alleviate steroid resistance in NEA, and reduce the inflammatory infiltration of the both phenotypes. The combined treatment increased Th1, regulated the imbalance of Th2/Th1, and decreased the related cytokines in EA. As for NEA, the combined treatment reduced Th17 and promoted the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in lung. A microbiome study based on 16S rDNA sequencing technique revealed the significantly changed structure of the lower airway microbiota after combined treatment in NEA, with 4 distinct genera and 2 species identified. OPLS-DA models of metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS technique identified 34 differentiated metabolites and 8 perturbed metabolic pathways. A joint multiomics study predicted that the colonized microbiota in airways might be associated with susceptibility of asthma and steroid resistance, which involved systematic and pulmonary metabolic perturbation. In summary, the pharmacological network of RWC included the complicated interaction mechanisms of immune regulation, microbiota change, and metabolic perturbation.
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35
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Sex-specific maternofetal innate immune responses triggered by group B Streptococci. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8587. [PMID: 31197179 PMCID: PMC6565749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common bacteria isolated in human chorioamnionitis, which is a major risk factor for premature birth and brain injuries. Males are at greater risk than females for developing lifelong neurobehavioural disorders, although the origins of this sex bias remain poorly understood. We previously showed that end-gestational inflammation triggered by GBS led to early neurodevelopmental impairments mainly in the male rat progeny. Identifying key inflammatory players involved in maternofetal immune activation by specific pathogens is critical to develop appropriate novel therapeutic interventions. We aimed to map out the GBS-induced profile of innate immune biomarkers in the maternal-placental-fetal axis, and to compare this immune profile between male and female tissues. We describe here that the GBS-induced immune signalling involved significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1/CXCL1) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) infiltration in male compared to female maternofetal tissues. Although male - but not female - fetuses presented increased levels of IL-1β, fetuses from both sexes in-utero exposed to GBS had increased levels of TNF-α in their circulation. Levels of IL-1β detected in fetal sera correlated positively with the levels found in maternal circulation. Here, we report for the first time that the maternofetal innate immune signalling induced by GBS presents a sexually dichotomous profile, with more prominent inflammation in males than females. These sex-specific placental and fetal pro-inflammatory responses are in keeping with the higher susceptibility of the male population for preterm birth, brain injuries and neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders.
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36
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Zhu J, Wang Z, Chen F. Association of Key Genes and Pathways with Atopic Dermatitis by Bioinformatics Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4353-4361. [PMID: 31184315 PMCID: PMC6582687 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. It has a high prevalence worldwide and affected persons are prone to recurrent attacks, seriously affecting the physical and mental of patients. The exact etiology of the disease is still unclear. Material/Methods There are 7 datasets on atopic dermatitis in the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 142 lesional and 134 non-lesional skin biopsy samples. Differential analysis was performed after datasets were integrated by robust multi-array average method. Functional modules of GSE99802 were explored by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The 4 most important modules were enriched into the pathways by Metascape. Results Significantly differentially expressed genes included 41 upregulated and 10 downregulated genes. The following 5 of the most important upregulated genes had the strongest association with atopic dermatitis. SERPINB3&4 promote inflammation and impaired skin barrier function in the early stage of atopic dermatitis. S100A9 aggravates the inflammatory response by inducing the activation of toll-like receptor 4, neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophilic inflammation, and the amplification of interleukin-8. MMP1 is the key protease of skin collagen degradation, keeping the extracellular matrix in dynamic balance. MMP12 induces the aggregation of various inflammatory cells into inflammatory tissue. The enriched pathways of each module mainly include Cellular responses to external stimuli, Metabolism of RNA and Translation, and Infectious disease. Conclusions The associated pathways and genes not only help us understand the molecular mechanism of the disease, but also provide research directions or targets for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fengzhe Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The precision medicine concept is both appealing and challenging. We review here the recent findings in the endotype-driven approach for major allergic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Stratified medicine for different allergic diseases can identify patients who are more likely to benefit or experience an adverse reaction in response to a given therapy and anticipate their long-term outcome and vital risk. In addition, this approach potentially facilitates drug development and prevention strategies. SUMMARY The endotype-driven approach in allergic diseases has tremendous potential, but there are notable barriers in reaching the new world of precision medicine. Multidimensional endotyping integrating visible properties with multiple biomarkers is recommended for both type 2 and nontype 2 allergic diseases to provide evidence that a certain pathway is the key driver for a given patient. Significant healthcare system changes are required to achieve the expected targets.
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38
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Bresnick AR. S100 proteins as therapeutic targets. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1617-1629. [PMID: 30382555 PMCID: PMC6297089 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome codes for 21 S100 protein family members, which exhibit cell- and tissue-specific expression patterns. Despite sharing a high degree of sequence and structural similarity, the S100 proteins bind a diverse range of protein targets and contribute to a broad array of intracellular and extracellular functions. Consequently, the S100 proteins regulate multiple cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and/or invasion, and differentiation, and play important roles in a variety of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory disorders. This review focuses on the development of S100 neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors and their potential therapeutic use in controlling disease progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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39
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Kim K, Kim HJ, Binas B, Kang JH, Chung IY. Inflammatory mediators ATP and S100A12 activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce MUC5AC production in airway epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:657-664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Gutierrez DB, Gant-Branum RL, Romer CE, Farrow MA, Allen JL, Dahal N, Nei YW, Codreanu SG, Jordan AT, Palmer LD, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Skaar EP, Norris JL, Caprioli RM. An Integrated, High-Throughput Strategy for Multiomic Systems Level Analysis. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3396-3408. [PMID: 30114907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics generate comprehensive data sets, and current biocomputational capabilities allow their efficient integration for systems biology analysis. Published multiomics studies cover methodological advances as well as applications to biological questions. However, few studies have focused on the development of a high-throughput, unified sample preparation approach to complement high-throughput omic analytics. This report details the automation, benchmarking, and application of a strategy for transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses from a common sample. The approach, sample preparation for multi-omics technologies (SPOT), provides equivalent performance to typical individual omic preparation methods but greatly enhances throughput and minimizes the resources required for multiomic experiments. SPOT was applied to a multiomics time course experiment for zinc-treated HL-60 cells. The data reveal Zn effects on NRF2 antioxidant and NFkappaB signaling. High-throughput approaches such as these are critical for the acquisition of temporally resolved, multicondition, large multiomic data sets such as those necessary to assess complex clinical and biological concerns. Ultimately, this type of approach will provide an expanded understanding of challenging scientific questions across many fields.
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41
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Wang S, Song R, Wang Z, Jing Z, Wang S, Ma J. S100A8/A9 in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1298. [PMID: 29942307 PMCID: PMC6004386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 780] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 (also known as MRP8 and MRP14, respectively) are Ca2+ binding proteins belonging to the S100 family. They often exist in the form of heterodimer, while homodimer exists very little because of the stability. S100A8/A9 is constitutively expressed in neutrophils and monocytes as a Ca2+ sensor, participating in cytoskeleton rearrangement and arachidonic acid metabolism. During inflammation, S100A8/A9 is released actively and exerts a critical role in modulating the inflammatory response by stimulating leukocyte recruitment and inducing cytokine secretion. S100A8/A9 serves as a candidate biomarker for diagnosis and follow-up as well as a predictive indicator of therapeutic responses to inflammation-associated diseases. As blockade of S100A8/A9 activity using small-molecule inhibitors or antibodies improves pathological conditions in murine models, the heterodimer has potential as a therapeutic target. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the distribution and biological functions of S100A8/A9 and highlight its application as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Song
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaocheng Jing
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoxiong Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
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