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Lozinski BM, Ta K, Dong Y. Emerging role of galectin 3 in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2004-2009. [PMID: 38227529 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are key processes that mediate the development and progression of neurological diseases. However, the mechanisms modulating these processes in different diseases remain incompletely understood. Advances in single cell based multi-omic analyses have helped to identify distinct molecular signatures such as Lgals3 that is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Lgals3 encodes galectin-3 (Gal3), a β-galactoside and glycan binding glycoprotein that is frequently upregulated by reactive microglia/macrophages in the CNS during various neurological diseases. While Gal3 has previously been associated with non-CNS inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, recent studies highlight Gal3 as a prominent regulator of inflammation and neuroaxonal damage in the CNS during diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we summarize the pleiotropic functions of Gal3 and discuss evidence that demonstrates its detrimental role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during different neurological diseases. We also consider the challenges of translating preclinical observations into targeting Gal3 in the human CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Lozinski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Khanh Ta
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yifei Dong
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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2
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Cao F, Liang K, Tang WW, Ni QY, Ji ZY, Zha CK, Wang YK, Jiang ZX, Hou S, Tao LM, Wang X. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-curcumin nanoparticles with immune regulatory and metabolism regulatory effects for the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Control Release 2024; 372:551-570. [PMID: 38914206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Uveitis comprises a cluster of intraocular inflammatory disorders characterized by uncontrolled autoimmune responses and excessive oxidative stress leading to vision loss worldwide. In the present study, curcumin (CUR) was conjugated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to form PVP-CUR nanoparticles with significantly elevated solubility and outstanding multiple radical scavenging abilities. In vitro studies revealed that PVP-CUR nanoparticles markedly mitigated oxidative stress and reduced apoptosis in a H2O2-induced human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) and promoted phenotypic polarization from M1 to M2 in an LPS-induced human microglial cell line (HMC3). Further in vivo studies demonstrated the prominent therapeutic effects of PVP-CUR nanoparticles on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), which relieved clinical and pathological progression, improved perfusion and tomographic manifestations of retinal vessels, and reduced blood-retinal barrier (BRB) leakage; these effects may be mediated by mitigating oxidative stress and attenuating macrophage/microglia-elicited inflammation. Notably, treatment with PVP-CUR nanoparticles was shown to regulate metabolite alterations in EAU rats, providing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms involved. Additionally, the PVP-CUR nanoparticles showed great biocompatibility in vivo. In summary, our study revealed that PVP-CUR nanoparticles may serve as effective and safe nanodrugs for treating uveitis and other oxidative stress- and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Kun Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Qin-Yu Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yu Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Chen-Kai Zha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zheng-Xuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Shengping Hou
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| | - Li-Ming Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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3
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Sharma M, Pal P, Gupta SK. Microglial mediators in autoimmune Uveitis: Bridging neuroprotection and neurotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112309. [PMID: 38810304 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis, a severe inflammatory condition of the eye, poses significant challenges due to its complex pathophysiology and the critical balance between protective and detrimental immune responses. Central to this balance are microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, whose roles in autoimmune uveitis are multifaceted and dynamic. This review article delves into the dual nature of microglial functions, oscillating between neuroprotective and neurotoxic outcomes in the context of autoimmune uveitis. Initially, we explore the fundamental aspects of microglia, including their activation states and basic functions, setting the stage for a deeper understanding of their involvement in autoimmune uveitis. The review then navigates through the intricate mechanisms by which microglia contribute to disease onset and progression, highlighting both their protective actions in immune regulation and tissue repair, and their shift towards a pro-inflammatory, neurotoxic profile. Special emphasis is placed on the detailed pathways and cellular interactions underpinning these dual roles. Additionally, the review examines the potential of microglial markers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators, offering insights into their clinical relevance. The article culminates in discussing future research directions, and the ongoing challenges in translating these findings into effective clinical applications. By providing a comprehensive overview of microglial mechanisms in autoimmune uveitis, this review underscores the critical balance of microglial activities and its implications for disease management and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sukesh Kumar Gupta
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences (OVAS), School of Medicine, Wayne State University, USA.
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Wang Q, Zeng F, Fang C, Sun Y, Zhao X, Rong X, Zhang H, Xu Y. Galectin-3 alleviates demyelination by modulating microglial anti-inflammatory polarization through PPARγ-CD36 axis. Brain Res 2024; 1842:149106. [PMID: 38986827 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Demyelination is characterized by disruption of myelin sheath and disorders in myelin formation. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic treatments available. Microglia, especially anti-inflammatory phenotype microglia are critical for remyelination. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), which is known to modulate microglia activation, is correlated with myelination. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the roles of Gal-3 during myelin formation and explore the efficiency and mechanism of rGal-3 administration in remyelination. We enrolled Gal-3 knockout (Lgals3 KO) mice and demonstrated Lgals3 KO causes demyelination during spontaneous myelinogenesis. We performed a cuprizone (CPZ) intoxication model and found Lgals3 KO aggravates demyelinated lesions and favors microglial pro-inflammatory phenotype polarization. Recombinant Gal-3 (rGal-3) administration alleviates CPZ intoxication and drives microglial towards anti-inflammatory phenotype. Additionally, RNA sequencing results reveal the correlation between Gal-3 and the PPARγ-CD36 axis. Thus, we performed SSO and GW9662 administration to inhibit the activation of the PPARγ-CD36 axis and found that rGal-3 administration modulates microglial phenotype polarization by regulating the PPARγ-CD36 axis. Together, our findings highlight the importance of Gal-3 in myelination and provide insights into rGal-3 administration for modulating microglial anti-inflammatory phenotype polarization through the PPARγ-CD36 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Fansen Zeng
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Fang
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Rong
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huayan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Lin G, Zhang F, Weng X, Hong Z, Ye D, Wang G. Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of castration-resistant prostate cancer: a comprehensive study using sequencing and animal models. Oncogene 2024; 43:2373-2388. [PMID: 38886569 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
CRPC remains a significant challenge in prostate cancer research. We aimed to elucidate the role of gut microbiota and its specific mechanisms in CRPC using a multidisciplinary approach. We analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing data from mouse fecal samples, revealing substantial differences in gut microbiota composition between CRPC and castration-sensitive prostate cancer mice, particularly in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Functional analysis suggested different bacteria may influence CRPC via the α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway. In vivo, experiments utilizing mouse models and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) demonstrated that FMT from healthy control mice could decelerate tumor growth in CRPC mice, reduce TNF-α levels, and inhibit the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Transcriptome sequencing identified crucial genes and pathways, with rescue experiments confirming the gut microbiota's role in modulating CRPC progression through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. The activation of this pathway by TNF-α has been corroborated by in vitro cell experiments, indicating its role in promoting prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may promote CRPC development through TNF-α activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, potentially linked to α-linolenic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Lin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department Of Urology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Xiaoling Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhe Hong
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Gangmin Wang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Shen Y, Zhang W, Chang H, Li Z, Lin C, Zhang G, Mao L, Ma C, Liu N, Lu H. Galectin-3 modulates microglial activation and neuroinflammation in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114777. [PMID: 38636772 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating acute cerebrovascular event with high mortality and permanent disability rates. Higher galectin-3 levels on days 1-3 have been shown to predict the development of delayed cerebral infarction or adverse outcomes after SAH. Recent single-cell analysis of microglial transcriptomic diversity in SAH revealed that galectin could influence the development and course of neuroinflammation after SAH. METHODS This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of galectin-3 in SAH and to determine whether galectin-3 inhibition prevents early brain injury by reducing microglia polarization using a mouse model of SAH and oxyhemoglobin-treated activation of mouse BV2 cells in vitro. RESULTS We found that the expression of galectin-3 began to increase 12 h after SAH and continued to increase up to 72 h. Importantly, TD139-inhibited galectin-3 expression reduced the release of inflammatory factors in microglial cells. In the experimental SAH model, TD139 treatment alleviated neuroinflammatory damage after SAH and improved defects in neurological functions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that galectin-3 inhibition affected the activation and M1 polarization of microglial cells after SAH. TD139 treatment inhibited the expression of TLR4, p-NF-κB p65, and NF-κB p65 in microglia activated by oxyhemoglobin as well as eliminated the increased expression and phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that regulating microglia polarization by galectin-3 after SAH to improve neuroinflammation may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Hanxiao Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chencheng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Wenjing S, Mengmeng L, Lingling S, Tian D, Wenyan K, Shaohua G. Galectin-3 inhibition alleviated LPS-induced periodontal inflammation in gingival fibroblasts and experimental periodontitis mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:725-739. [PMID: 38840496 DOI: 10.1042/cs20240036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical studies have confirmed that galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels are significantly elevated in periodontitis patients. The present study aimed to explore the effects of Gal-3 inhibition on periodontal inflammation in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with or without Gal-3 knockdown were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a ligation-induced mouse periodontitis model treated with a Gal-3 inhibitor was established. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to evaluate Gal-3 levels in gingival tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect Gal-3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) expression. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to detect NF-κB and ERK signaling pathway activation. Micro-computed tomography was used to analyse the degree of bone loss. RESULTS Gal-3 was significantly up-regulated in inflamed gingival tissues and LPS-induced HGFs. Gal-3 knockdown markedly decreased LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2 expression and blocked NF-κB and ERK signaling pathway activation in HGFs. In the mouse periodontitis model, Gal-3 inhibition significantly alleviated IL-1β and IL-6 infiltration in gingival tissue and mitigated periodontal bone loss. CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 inhibition notably alleviated periodontal inflammation partly through blocking NF-κB and ERK signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wenjing
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Mengmeng
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shang Lingling
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ding Tian
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kang Wenyan
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Shaohua
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Ji M, Sun L, Zhang M, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wang P. RN0D, a galactoglucan from Panax notoginseng flower induces cancer cell death via PINK1/Parkin mitophagy. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121889. [PMID: 38431406 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations within mitochondria, encompassing processes such as autophagy and energy metabolism, play a pivotal role in facilitating the swift proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Despite this, there is a scarcity of currently available medications with proven anticancer efficacy through the modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction in a clinical setting. Here, we introduce the structural characteristics of RN0D, a galactoglucan isolated and purified from Panax notoginseng flowers, mainly composed of β-1,4-galactan and β-1,3/1,6-glucan. RN0D demonstrates the capacity to induce mitochondrial impairment in cancer cells, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, initiation of mitophagy, and reduction in both mitochondrial number and size. This sequence of events ultimately results in the inhibition of mitochondrial and glycolytic bioenergetics, culminating in the demise of cancer cells due to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) deprivation. Notably, the observed bioactivity is attributed to RN0D's direct targeting of Galectin-3, as affirmed by surface plasmon resonance studies. Furthermore, RN0D is identified as an activator of the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin pathway, ultimately instigating cytotoxic mitophagy in tumor cells. This comprehensive study substantiates the rationale for advancing RN0D as a potentially efficacious anticancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ji
- Department of Pancreatic-biliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Marine Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Marine Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Marine Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Marine Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-Gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Wang L, Liu Y, Pang R, Guo Y, Ren Y, Wu Y, Cao Z. The Tick Saliva Peptide HIDfsin2 TLR4-Dependently Inhibits the Tick-Borne Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Mouse Macrophages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:449. [PMID: 38786177 PMCID: PMC11117380 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks transmit a variety of pathogens to their hosts by feeding on blood. The interactions and struggle between tick pathogens and hosts have evolved bilaterally. The components of tick saliva can directly or indirectly trigger host biological responses in a manner that promotes pathogen transmission; however, host cells continuously develop strategies to combat pathogen infection and transmission. Moreover, it is still unknown how host cells develop their defense strategies against tick-borne viruses during tick sucking. Here, we found that the tick saliva peptide HIDfsin2 enhanced the antiviral innate immunity of mouse macrophages by activating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, thereby restricting tick-borne severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) replication. HIDfsin2 was identified to interact with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a ligand of TLR4, and then depolymerize LPS micelles into smaller particles, effectively enhancing the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathways, which are downstream of TLR4. Expectedly, TLR4 knockout completely eliminated the promotion effect of HIDfsin2 on NF-κB and type I interferon activation. Moreover, HIDfsin2 enhanced SFTSV replication in TLR4-knockout mouse macrophages, which is consistent with our recent report that HIDfsin2 hijacked p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) to promote the replication of tick-borne SFTSV in A549 and Huh7 cells (human cell lines) with low expression of TLR4. Together, these results provide new insights into the innate immune mechanism of host cells following tick bites. Our study also shows a rare molecular event relating to the mutual antagonism between tick-borne SFTSV and host cells mediated by the tick saliva peptide HIDfsin2 at the tick-host-virus interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yishuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Rui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yiyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yingying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhijian Cao
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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10
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Zhang M, Zhi D, Liu P, Wang Y, Duan M. Protective effects of Dioscin against sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy via regulation of toll-like receptor 4/MyD88/p65 signal pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1229. [PMID: 38775678 PMCID: PMC11110714 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioscin has many pharmacological effects; however, its role in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is unknown. Accordingly, we concentrate on elucidating the mechanism of Dioscin in SIC rat model. METHODS The SIC rat and H9c2 cell models were established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. The heart rate (HR), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and heart weight index (HWI) of rats were evaluated. The myocardial tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) level in myocardial tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) activities in serum samples of rats and H9c2 cells were determined by colorimetric assay. Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), phosphorylated-p65 (p-p65), and p65 levels in myocardial tissues of rats and treated H9c2 cells were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation of treated H9c2 cells were assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and dihydroethidium staining assays. RESULTS Dioscin decreased HR and HWI, increased LVEF and MAP, alleviated the myocardial tissue damage, and reduced 4-HNE level in SIC rats. Dioscin reversed LPS-induced reduction on SOD, CAT, GSH, and Bcl-2 levels, and increment on Bax and TLR4 levels in rats and H9c2 cells. Overexpressed TLR4 attenuated the effects of Dioscin on promoting viability, as well as dwindling TLR4, ROS and MyD88 levels, and p-p65/p65 value in LPS-induced H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION Protective effects of Dioscin against LPS-induced SIC are achieved via regulation of TLR4/MyD88/p65 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Deyuan Zhi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meili Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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11
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Huang J, Wang X, Li N, Fan W, Li X, Zhou Q, Liu J, Li W, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zeng S, Yang H, Tian M, Yang P, Hou S. YY1 Lactylation Aggravates Autoimmune Uveitis by Enhancing Microglial Functions via Inflammatory Genes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308031. [PMID: 38493498 PMCID: PMC11109619 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Activated microglia in the retina are essential for the development of autoimmune uveitis. Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) is an important transcription factor that participates in multiple inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Here, an increased YY1 lactylation in retinal microglia within in the experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) group is observed. YY1 lactylation contributed to boosting microglial activation and promoting their proliferation and migration abilities. Inhibition of lactylation suppressed microglial activation and attenuated inflammation in EAU. Mechanistically, cleavage under targets & tagmentation (CUT&Tag) analysis revealed that YY1 lactylation promoted microglial activation by regulating the transcription of a set of inflammatory genes, including STAT3, CCL5, IRF1, IDO1, and SEMA4D. In addition, p300 is identified as the writer of YY1 lactylation. Inhibition of p300 decreased YY1 lactylation and suppressed microglial inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the results showed that YY1 lactylation promoted microglial dysfunction in autoimmune uveitis by upregulating inflammatory cytokine secretion and boosting cell migration and proliferation. Therapeutic effects can be achieved by targeting the lactate/p300/YY1 lactylation/inflammatory genes axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100005China
| | - Wei Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xingran Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Jiangyi Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Wanqian Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Shuhao Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Hui Yang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100730China
| | - Meng Tian
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100730China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Shengping Hou
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100730China
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12
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Al-Salam S, Jagadeesh GS, Sudhadevi M, Yasin J. Galectin-3 and Autophagy in Renal Acute Tubular Necrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3604. [PMID: 38612416 PMCID: PMC11012141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health burden with increasing morbidity and mortality rates and health care costs. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of AKI. Cisplatin (CIS) is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies such as lung, breast, ovary, testis, bladder, cervix, and head and neck cancers. Autophagy plays an important role in AKI. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is significantly increased in renal tubules in AKI; however, its role in autophagy is not well understood. Male C57B6/J and B6.Cg-Lgals3 /J Gal-3 knockout (KO) mice were used to induce AKI using a CIS mouse model of ATN. Renal Gal-3 and autophagy proteins' expression were measured using standard histologic, immunofluorescent, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The data were presented as the mean ± S.E. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were calculated between experimental groups and corresponding control groups by one-way analysis of variance. There was a significant increase in renal concentrations of Gal-3 in the Gal-3 wild-type CIS-treated mice when compared with sham control mice. There were significantly higher concentrations of renal LC3B, ATG13, Ulk-1, Beclin, ATG5, ATG12, ATG9A, and p-AMPK in the CIS-treated Gal-3 KO mice than in the Gal-3 wild-type CIS-treated mice. Further, there were significantly higher concentrations of mTOR, p- NF-κB, beta-catenin, and p62 in the kidneys of the Gal-3 wild-type CIS-treated mice than in the Gal-3 KO CIS-treated mice. Our findings affirm the connection between Gal-3 and autophagy, revealing its central role as a connector with prosurvival signaling proteins. Gal-3 plays a pivotal role in orchestrating cellular responses by interacting with prosurvival signal pathways and engaging with autophagy proteins. Notably, our observations highlight that the absence of Gal-3 can enhance autophagy in CIS-induced ATN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Alain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Govindan S. Jagadeesh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Alain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manjusha Sudhadevi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Alain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Alain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Xiao H, Wang T, Gao B, Liu J, Li S, Ma J. The effects of a galectin-3 inhibitor on bladder pain syndrome in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:754-766. [PMID: 38356381 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the effect of blocking galectin-3 in the bladder pain syndrome associated with interstitial cystitis. METHODS A galectin-3 inhibitor was used to treat mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. The expression of galectin-3 in bladder tissues and urine was examined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Suprapubic-pelvic pain, bladder voiding, bladder pain-like nociceptive behavior, and referred hyperalgesia were assessed. The weights of the bladders were also measured, and inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine levels were examined by histopathological evaluation. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), nerve growth factor (NGF), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Increases in galectin-3 levels, inflammation, bladder weight, and bladder pain-related symptoms were observed in bladders with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Administration of the galectin-3 inhibitor significantly mitigated bladder pain-related symptoms and inflammatory response. In response to the 500 μM dose of the galectin-3 inhibitor, nociceptive behaviors, nociceptive score, and bladder-to-body weight ratios were reduced by 65.1%, 65.3%, and 40.3%, respectively, while 500 μM Gal-3 inhibitor increased pelvic pain threshold by 86.7%. Moreover, galectin-3 inhibitor treatment inhibited the inflammation. Compared to untreated CYP-induced mice, there were significant changes in the levels of IL-1β (41.72 ± 2.05 vs. 18.91 ± 2.26 pg/mg tissues), NGF (9.64 ± 0.38 vs. 1.88 ± 0.05 pg/mg tissues), IL-6 (42.67 + 1.51 vs. 21.26 + 2.78 pg/mg tissues, and TNF-α (22.02 ± 1.08 vs. 10.70 ± 0.80 pg/mg tissues) in response to the highest dose of the Gal-3 inhibitor subgroup (500 μM), and 500 μM Gal-3 inhibitor reduced mast cell infiltration ratios by 71.8%. CONCLUSIONS The galectin-3 inhibitor relieved pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, and bladder inflammation in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Thus, galectin-3 inhibitors may be novel agents in interstitial cystitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shoubin Li
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianguo Ma
- Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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14
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Abudu O, Nguyen D, Millward I, Manning JE, Wahid M, Lightfoot A, Marcon F, Merard R, Margielewska-Davies S, Roberts K, Brown R, Powell-Brett S, Nicol SM, Zayou F, Croft WD, Pearce H, Moss P, Iqbal AJ, McGettrick HM. Interplay in galectin expression predicts patient outcomes in a spatially restricted manner in PDAC. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116283. [PMID: 38377735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins (Gal's) are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are known to support the tumour microenvironment through their immunosuppressive activity and ability to promote metastasis. As such they are attractive therapeutic targets, but little is known about the cellular expression pattern of galectins within the tumour and its neighbouring stromal microenvironment. Here we investigated the cellular expression pattern of Gals within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS Galectin gene and protein expression were analysed by scRNAseq (n=4) and immunofluorescence imaging (n=19) in fibroblasts and epithelial cells of pancreatic biopsies from PDAC patients. Galectin surface expression was also assessed on tumour adjacent normal fibroblasts and cancer associated primary fibroblasts from PDAC biopsies using flow cytometry. RESULTS scRNAseq revealed higher Gal-1 expression in fibroblasts and higher Gal-3 and -4 expression in epithelial cells. Both podoplanin (PDPN+, stromal/fibroblast) cells and EpCAM+ epithelial cells expressed Gal-1 protein, with highest expression seen in the stromal compartment. By contrast, significantly more Gal-3 and -4 protein was expressed in ductal cells expressing either EpCAM or PDPN, when compared to the stroma. Ductal Gal-4 cellular expression negatively correlated with ductal Gal-1, but not Gal-3 expression. Higher ductal cellular expression of Gal-1 correlated with smaller tumour size and better patient survival. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the intricate interplay and cell-specific expression patterns of galectins within the PDAC tissue, particularly the inverse correlation between Gal-1 and Gal-4 in ducts and its significant association with patient survival, highlights the complex molecular landscape underlying PDAC and provides valuable insights for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladimeji Abudu
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Isabel Millward
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Julia E Manning
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mussarat Wahid
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Abbey Lightfoot
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francesca Marcon
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Reena Merard
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | | | - Keith Roberts
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Rachel Brown
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Sarah Powell-Brett
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Samantha M Nicol
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fouzia Zayou
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wayne D Croft
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hayden Pearce
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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15
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Wang G, Li R, Feng C, Li K, Liu S, Fu Q. Galectin-3 is involved in inflammation and fibrosis in arteriogenic erectile dysfunction via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:92. [PMID: 38378809 PMCID: PMC10879531 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional protein that has been linked to fibrosis and inflammation in the cardiovascular system. In this study, we examined the impact of Gal-3 on inflammation and fibrosis in patients with arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (A-ED) and the underlying mechanisms involved. To induce arterial injury, we utilized cuffs on the periaqueductal common iliac arteries of Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats and administered a high-fat diet to co-induce local atherosclerosis. Our results showed that we successfully developed a novel A-ED model that was validated based on histological evidence. In vivo, the vascular lumen of rats subjected to a high-fat diet and cuff placement exhibited significant narrowing, accompanied by the upregulation of Gal-3, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) expression in the penile cavernosa. This led to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B 65 (NF-κB-p65), resulting in reduced intracavernosal pressure, endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, and smooth muscle content, promoting inflammation and fibrosis. However, treatment with Gal-3 inhibitor-modified citrus pectin (MCP) significantly normalized those effects. In vitro, knocking down Gal-3 led to a significant reduction in TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB-p65 expression in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs), decreasing inflammation levels. In conclusion, inhibiting Gal-3 may improve A-ED by reducing inflammation, endothelial injury, and fibrosis in the penile corpus cavernosum through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic target of Gal-3 in A-ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbo Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruiyu Li
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kefan Li
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Urinary Organ and Functional Reconstruction of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Urinary Organ and Functional Reconstruction of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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16
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Gairola S, Sinha A, Kaundal RK. Linking NLRP3 inflammasome and pulmonary fibrosis: mechanistic insights and promising therapeutic avenues. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:287-305. [PMID: 37991660 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disorder distinguished by redundant inflammation and matrix accumulation in the lung interstitium. The early inflammatory cascade coupled with recurring tissue injury orchestrates a set of events marked by perturbed matrix hemostasis, deposition of matrix proteins, and remodeling in lung tissue. Numerous investigations have corroborated a direct correlation between the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) activation and the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Dysregulated activation of NLRP3 within the pulmonary microenvironment exacerbates inflammation and may incite fibrogenic responses. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which the NLRP3 inflammasome elicits pro-fibrogenic responses remain inadequately defined. Contemporary findings suggest that the pro-fibrotic consequences stemming from NLRP3 signaling primarily hinge on the action of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β instigates IL-1 receptor signaling, potentiating the activity of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). This signaling cascade, in turn, exerts influence over various transcription factors, including SNAIL, TWIST, and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB 1/2), which collectively foster myofibroblast activation and consequent lung fibrosis. Here, we have connected the dots to illustrate how the NLRP3 inflammasome orchestrates a multitude of signaling events, including the activation of transcription factors that facilitate myofibroblast activation and subsequent lung remodeling. In addition, we have highlighted the prominent role played by various cells in the formation of myofibroblasts, the primary culprit in lung fibrosis. We also provided a concise overview of various compounds that hold the potential to impede NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, thus offering a promising avenue for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - Antarip Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - Ravinder K Kaundal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India.
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17
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Etebar F, Harkin DG, White AR, Dando SJ. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of brain and retinal microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1355557. [PMID: 38348116 PMCID: PMC10859418 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1355557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia play crucial roles in immune responses and contribute to fundamental biological processes within the central nervous system (CNS). In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia undergo functional changes and can have both protective and pathogenic roles. Microglia in the retina, as an extension of the CNS, have also been shown to be affected in many neurological diseases. While our understanding of how microglia contribute to pathological conditions is incomplete, non-invasive in vivo imaging of brain and retinal microglia in living subjects could provide valuable insights into their role in the neurodegenerative diseases and open new avenues for diagnostic biomarkers. This mini-review provides an overview of the current brain and retinal imaging tools for studying microglia in vivo. We focus on microglia targets, the advantages and limitations of in vivo microglia imaging approaches, and applications for evaluating the pathogenesis of neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazeleh Etebar
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Damien G. Harkin
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony R. White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha J. Dando
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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18
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Mustafa AM, Shaheen AM, Zaki HF, Rabie MA. Nicorandil and carvedilol mitigates motor deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced multiple sclerosis: Role of TLR4/TRAF6/MAPK/NF-κB signalling cascade. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111387. [PMID: 38134593 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disease that negatively affects neurotransmission. It can be pathologically mimicked by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model. ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) plays a crucial role in the control of neuronal damage, however their role in MS are still obscure. Additionally, Carvedilol showed a promising neuroprotective activity against several neurological disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of KATP channel opener (nicorandil) as well as α and β adrenoceptor antagonist (Carvedilol) against EAE induced neurodegeneration in mice. Mice was treated with nicorandil (6 mg/kg/day; p.o.) and carvedilol (10 mg/kg/day; p.o.) for 14 days. Nicorandil and carvedilol showed improvement in clinical scoring, behaviour and motor coordination as established by histopathological investigation and immunohistochemical detection of MBP. Furthermore, both treatments downregulated the protein expression of TLR4/ MYD88/TRAF6 signalling cascade with downstream inhibition of (pT183/Y185)-JNK/p38 (pT180/Y182)-MAPK axis leading to reduction of neuroinflammatory status, as witnessed by reduction of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 contents. Moreover, nicorandil and carvedilol attenuated oxidative damage by increasing Nrf2 content and SOD activity together with reduction of MDA content. In addition, an immunomodulating effect via inhibiting the gene expression of CD4, TGF-β, and IL-17 as well as TGF-β, IL-17, and IL-23 contents along with anti-apoptotic effect by decreasing Bax protein expression and Caspase-3 content and increasing Bcl-2 protein expression was observed with nicorandil and carvedilol treatments. In conclusion, nicorandil and carvedilol exerted a neuroprotective activity against EAE induced neuronal loss via inhibition of TLR4/MYD88/TRAF6/JNK/p38-MAPK axis besides antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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19
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Zhang X, Yin T, Wang Y, Du J, Dou J, Zhang X. Effects of scutellarin on the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1329969. [PMID: 38259289 PMCID: PMC10800556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1329969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a significant worldwide problem, jeopardizing individuals' physical and mental wellbeing as well as their quality of life as a result of their widespread incidence and fatality. With the aging society, the occurrence of Cardiovascular diseases is progressively rising each year. However, although drugs developed for treating Cardiovascular diseases have clear targets and proven efficacy, they still carry certain toxic and side effect risks. Therefore, finding safe, effective, and practical treatment options is crucial. Scutellarin is the primary constituent of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. This article aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the creation and use of secure, productive, and logical medications for Scutellarin in curing heart-related illnesses. Additionally, the examination and analysis of the signal pathway and its associated mechanisms with regard to the employment of SCU in treating heart diseases will impart innovative resolving concepts for the treatment and prevention of Cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Yin
- First Clinical Medical School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yincang Wang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiazhe Du
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jinjin Dou
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiwu Zhang
- Experimental Training Centre, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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20
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Qu R, Peng Y, Zhou M, Xu S, Yin X, Qiu Y, Liu B, Gao Y, Bi H, Guo D. MiR-223-3p attenuates M1 macrophage polarization via suppressing the Notch signaling pathway and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176139. [PMID: 38059448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is an intraocular inflammatory disease with a high blindness rate in developed countries such as the United States. It is pressing to comprehend the pathogenesis of autoimmune uveitis and develop novel schemes for its treatment. In the present research, we demonstrated that the Notch signaling pathway was activated, and the level of miR-223-3p was significantly reduced in rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) compared with the level of normal rats. To investigate the relationship between miR-223-3p and Notch signaling, EAU rats received miR-223-3p-carrying lentivirus, miR-223-3p vector-carrying lentivirus (miR-223-3p-N), and γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT), respectively. The results of Q-PCR, immunological experiments, and flow cytometry analysis all support the hypothesis that both miR-223-3p and DAPT, a Notch signaling pathway inhibitor, had similar inhibitory effects on the EAU pathological process. That is to say, they could both inhibit the activation of the Notch signaling pathway via modulating recombination signal binding protein-Jκ (RBPJ) to restore the polarization imbalance of M/M2 macrophages in EAU rats. In addition, miR-223-3p could also inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in ocular tissues. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR-223-3p serves as an important regulator in M1 macrophage polarization and pyroptosis, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response in uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Mengxian Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Xuewei Yin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Yan'e Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
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21
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Hassan FE, Aboulhoda BE, Ali IH, Elwi HM, Matter LM, Abdallah HA, Khalifa MM, Selmy A, Alghamdi MA, Morsy SA, Al Dreny BA. Evaluating the protective role of trimetazidine versus nano-trimetazidine in amelioration of bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion induced neuro-degeneration: Implications of ERK1/2, JNK and Galectin-3 /NF-κB/TNF-α/HMGB-1 signaling. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102241. [PMID: 37865040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a primary culprit of acute kidney injury. Neurodegeneration can result from I/R, but the mechanisms are still challenging. We studied the implications of bilateral renal I/R on brain and potential involvement of the oxidative stress (OS) driven extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (ERK1/2, JNK) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3)/nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-қB)/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), and caspase-3 paths upregulation. We tested the impact of Nano-trimetazidine (Nano-TMZ) on these pathways being a target of its neuroprotective effects. METHODS Study groups; Sham, I/R, TMZ+I/R, and Nano-TMZ+I/R. Kidney functions, cognition, hippocampal OS markers, Gal-3, NF-қB, p65 and HMGB-1 gene expression, TNF-α level, t-JNK/p-JNK and t-ERK/p-ERK proteins, caspase-3, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding protein-1 (Iba-1) were assessed. RESULTS Nano-TMZ averted renal I/R-induced hippocampal impairment by virtue of its anti: oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic properties. CONCLUSION Nano-TMZ is more than anti-ischemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma E Hassan
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Physiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Isra H Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Egypt; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elwi
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Matter
- Medical pharmacology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hend Ahmed Abdallah
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansour Khalifa
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Selmy
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan Awad Morsy
- Fakeeh College For Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Basant A Al Dreny
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
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Luo Y, Cheng J, Fu Y, Zhang M, Gou M, Li J, Li X, Bai J, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Gao D. D-allose Inhibits TLR4/PI3K/AKT Signaling to Attenuate Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Apoptosis by Inhibiting Gal-3 Following Ischemic Stroke. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:30. [PMID: 38017376 PMCID: PMC10683335 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain becomes obstructed, resulting in cerebral ischemia. This type of stroke accounts for approximately 87% of all strokes. Globally, IS leads to high mortality and poor prognosis and is associated with neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. D-allose is a bio-substrate of glucose that is widely expressed in many plants. Our previous study showed that D-allose exerted neuroprotective effects against acute cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing neuroinflammation. Here, we aimed to clarify the beneficial effects D-allose in suppressing IS-induced neuroinflammation damage, cytotoxicity, neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits and the underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In vivo, an I/R model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) in C57BL/6 N mice, and D-allose was given by intraperitoneal injection within 5 min after reperfusion. In vitro, mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22) with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) were established as a cell model of IS. Neurological scores, some cytokines, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in the brain and cell lines were measured. Moreover, Gal-3 short hairpin RNAs, lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses were used to modulate Gal-3 expression in neurons in vitro and in vivo to reveal the molecular mechanism. RESULTS D-allose alleviated cytotoxicity, including cell viability, LDH release and apoptosis, in HT-22 cells after OGD/R, which also alleviated brain injury, as indicated by lesion volume, brain edema, neuronal apoptosis, and neurological functional deficits, in a mouse model of I/R. Moreover, D-allose decreased the release of inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Furthermore, the expression of Gal-3 was increased by I/R in wild-type mice and HT-22 cells, and this factor further bound to TLR4, as confirmed by three-dimensional structure prediction and Co-IP. Silencing the Gal-3 gene with shRNAs decreased the activation of TLR4 signaling and alleviated IS-induced neuroinflammation, apoptosis and brain injury. Importantly, the loss of Gal-3 enhanced the D-allose-mediated protection against I/R-induced HT-22 cell injury, inflammatory insults and apoptosis, whereas activation of TLR4 by the selective agonist LPS increased the degree of neuronal injury and abolished the protective effects of D-allose. CONCLUSIONS In summary, D-allose plays a crucial role in inhibiting inflammation after IS by suppressing Gal-3/TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road NO.127, Xi'an, China
| | - Junkai Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road NO.127, Xi'an, China
| | - Yihao Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road NO.127, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road NO.127, Xi'an, China
| | - Maorong Gou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road NO.127, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road NO.127, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuefei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road NO.127, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road NO.127, Xi'an, China.
| | - Dakuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road NO.127, Xi'an, China.
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23
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Guo Y, Ou C, Zhang N, Liu Q, Xiong K, Yu J, Cheng H, Chen L, Ma M, Xu J, Wu J. Roflumilast attenuates neuroinflammation post retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating microglia phenotype via the Nrf2/STING/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110952. [PMID: 37751655 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The abnormal polarisation of microglial cells (MGs) following retinal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR) initiates neuroinflammation and progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), causing increasingly severe and irreversible visual dysfunction. Roflumilast (Roflu) is a promising candidate for treating neuroinflammatory diseases. This study aimed to explore whether Roflu displayed a cytoprotective effect against RIR-induced neuroinflammation and to characterise the underlying signalling pathway. METHODS The effects and mechanism of Roflu against RIR injury were investigated in C57BL/6J mice and the BV2 cell line. We used quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the levels of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, haematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence (IF) stainings were used to assess the morphology of the retina and the states of MGs and RGCs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined using a ROS assay kit, while whole-genome sequencing analysis was conducted to identify altered pathways and molecules. Western blotting and IF staining were used to quantify the proteins associated with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/stimulator of interferon gene (STING)/nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) pathway. RESULTS MG polarisation includes the pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic M1 phenotype as well as the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective M2 phenotype. Roflu significantly attenuated MG activation and contributed to a shift in the MG phenotype from M1 to M2. Moreover, Roflu decreased ROS release and increased heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression. In vitro and in vivo experiments validated that Roflu exerted its neuroprotective effects primarily by upregulating the Nrf2/STING/NF-κB pathway. However, these effects were abrogated when the Nrf2 expression was inhibited by pharmacological or genetic manipulation. CONCLUSIONS Roflu suppressed RIR-induced neuroinflammation by driving the shift of MG polarisation from M1 to M2 phenotype, which was mediated by the upregulation of the Nrf2/STING/NK-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunlian Ou
- Department of General Practice, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Naiyuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Liu X, Meng J, Liao X, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Xu Z, Yin S, Cao Q, Su G, He S, Li W, Wang X, Wang G, Li D, Yang P, Hou S. A de novo missense mutation in MPP2 confers an increased risk of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease as shown by trio-based whole-exome sequencing. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1379-1392. [PMID: 37828081 PMCID: PMC10616125 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a leading cause of blindness in young and middle-aged people. However, the etiology of VKH disease remains unclear. Here, we performed the first trio-based whole-exome sequencing study, which enrolled 25 VKH patients and 50 controls, followed by a study of 2081 VKH patients from a Han Chinese population to uncover detrimental mutations. A total of 15 de novo mutations in VKH patients were identified, with one of the most important being the membrane palmitoylated protein 2 (MPP2) p.K315N (MPP2-N315) mutation. The MPP2-N315 mutation was highly deleterious according to bioinformatic predictions. Additionally, this mutation appears rare, being absent from the 1000 Genome Project and Genome Aggregation Database, and it is highly conserved in 10 species, including humans and mice. Subsequent studies showed that pathological phenotypes and retinal vascular leakage were aggravated in MPP2-N315 mutation knock-in or MPP2-N315 adeno-associated virus-treated mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). In vitro, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR‒Cas9) gene editing technology to delete intrinsic MPP2 before overexpressing wild-type MPP2 or MPP2-N315. Levels of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-17E, and vascular endothelial growth factor A, were increased, and barrier function was destroyed in the MPP2-N315 mutant ARPE19 cells. Mechanistically, the MPP2-N315 mutation had a stronger ability to directly bind to ANXA2 than MPP2-K315, as shown by LC‒MS/MS and Co-IP, and resulted in activation of the ERK3/IL-17E pathway. Overall, our results demonstrated that the MPP2-K315N mutation may increase susceptibility to VKH disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayu Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xingyun Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yusen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongren Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuming Yin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyuan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
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25
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Zhou Z, Feng Z, Sun X, Wang Y, Dou G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Retinal Degeneration and Other Ocular Diseases: A Potential Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15516. [PMID: 37958500 PMCID: PMC10649114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is the most studied member of the Galectin family, with a large range of mediation in biological activities such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cell adhesion, and tissue repair, as well as in pathological processes such as inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and angiogenesis. As is known to all, inflammation, aberrant cell apoptosis, and neovascularization are the main pathophysiological processes in retinal degeneration and many ocular diseases. Therefore, the review aims to conclude the role of Gal3 in the retinal degeneration of various diseases as well as the occurrence and development of the diseases and discuss its molecular mechanisms according to research in systemic diseases. At the same time, we summarized the predictive role of Gal3 as a biomarker and the clinical application of its inhibitors to discuss the possibility of Gal3 as a novel target for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
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26
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Fan W, Wang X, Zeng S, Li N, Wang G, Li R, He S, Li W, Huang J, Li X, Liu J, Hou S. Global lactylome reveals lactylation-dependent mechanisms underlying T H17 differentiation in experimental autoimmune uveitis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh4655. [PMID: 37851814 PMCID: PMC10584346 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of CD4+ T cell differentiation is linked to autoimmune diseases. Metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and accumulation of lactate are involved in this process. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our study showed that lactate-derived lactylation regulated CD4+ T cell differentiation. Lactylation levels in CD4+ T cells increased with the progression of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Inhibition of lactylation suppressed TH17 differentiation and attenuated EAU inflammation. The global lactylome revealed the landscape of lactylated sites and proteins in the CD4+ T cells of normal and EAU mice. Specifically, hyperlactylation of Ikzf1 at Lys164 promoted TH17 differentiation by directly modulating the expression of TH17-related genes, including Runx1, Tlr4, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-4. Delactylation of Ikzf1 at Lys164 impaired TH17 differentiation. These findings exemplify how glycolysis regulates the site specificity of protein lactylation to promote TH17 differentiation and implicate Ikzf1 lactylation as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuhao Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyuan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingran Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
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Fan Q, Wu YZ, Jia XX, A R, Liu CM, Zhang WW, Chao ZY, Zhou DH, Wang Y, Chen J, Xiao K, Chen C, Shi Q, Dong XP. Increased Gal-3 Mediates Microglia Activation and Neuroinflammation via the TREM2 Signaling Pathway in Prion Infection. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3772-3793. [PMID: 37769016 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin 3 (Gal-3) is one of the major elements for activating microglia and mediating neuroinflammation in some types of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of prion disease is seldom addressed. In this study, markedly increased brain Gal-3 was identified in three scrapie-infected rodent models at the terminal stage. The increased Gal-3 was mainly colocalized with the activated microglia. Coincidental with the increased brain Gal-3 in prion-infected animals, the expression of brain trigger receptor expressed in myeloid cell 2 (TREM2), one of the Gal-3 receptors, and some components in the downstream pathway also significantly increased, whereas Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), another Gal-3 receptor, and the main components in its downstream signaling were less changed. The increased Gal-3 signals were distributed at the areas with PrPSc deposit but looked not to colocalize directly with PrPSc/PrP signals. Similar changing profiles of Gal-3, the receptors TREM2 and TLR4, as well as the proteins in the downstream pathways were also observed in prion-infected cell line SMB-S15. Removal of PrPSc replication in SMB-S15 cells reversed the upregulation of cellular Gal-3, TREM2, and the relevant proteins. Moreover, we presented data for interactions of Gal-3 with TREM2 and with TLR4 morphologically and molecularly in the cultured cells. Stimulation of prion-infected cells or their normal partner cells with recombinant mouse Gal-3 in vitro induced obvious responses for activation of TREM2 signaling and TLR4 signaling. Our data here strongly indicate that prion infection or PrPSc deposit induces remarkably upregulated brain Gal-3, which is actively involved in the microglia activation and neuroinflammation mainly via TREM2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Jia
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ruhan A
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chu-Mou Liu
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210 China
| | - Zhi-Yue Chao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong-Hua Zhou
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210 China
| | - Jia Chen
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cao Chen
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qi Shi
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai 200032, China
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Lee JY, Kim S, Sohn HJ, Kim CH, Kim TG, Lee HS. Local Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Impair Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:39. [PMID: 37878302 PMCID: PMC10615146 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the immune regulatory effect of human cord blood myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) models. Methods MDSCs (1 × 106) or PBS were injected into established C57BL/6 EAU mice via the subconjunctival route on days 0 and 7. The severity of intraocular inflammation was evaluated for up to 3 weeks. Tissue injury and inflammation were analyzed using immunolabelled staining, real-time PCR, and ELISA. In addition, immune cells in draining lymph nodes (LNs) were quantified using flow cytometry. Results After 21 days, the clinical scores and histopathological grades of EAU were lower in the MDSCs group compared with the PBS group. Local administration of MDSCs suppressed the oxidative stress and the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the retinal tissues. In addition, it inhibited the activation of pathogenic T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells in draining LNs. MDSCs increased the frequency of CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and the mRNA expression of IL-10, as an immune modulator. Conclusions MDSCs suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress in the retina and inhibited pathogenic T cells in the LNs in EAU. Therefore, ocular administration of MDSCs has therapeutic potential for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueon Kim
- ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
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29
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Gao W, Jin X, Zhou P, Zhu H, Xie K, Jin B, Du L. Relationship between Uveitis and the Differential Reactivity of Retinal Microglia. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:1206-1212. [PMID: 37666222 PMCID: PMC10614524 DOI: 10.1159/000531156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Uveitis, a complicated group of ocular inflammatory diseases, can be affected by massive pathogenic contributors such as infection, autoimmunity, and genetics. Although it is well known that many pathological changes, including disorders of the immune system and disruption of the blood-retinal barrier, count much in the onset and progression of uveitis, there is a paucity of safe and effective treatments, which has exceedingly hindered the appropriate treatment of uveitis. As innate immune cells in the retina, microglia occupy a salient position in retinal homeostasis. Many studies have reported the activation of microglia in uveitis and the mitigation of uveitis by interfering with microglial reactivity, which strongly implicates microglia as a therapeutic target. However, it has been increasingly recognized that microglia are a nonhomogeneous population under different physiological and pathological conditions, which makes it essential to thoroughly have knowledge of their specific characteristics. The paper outlines the various properties of activated microglia in uveitis, summarizes the connections between their polarization patterns and the manifestations of uveitis, and ultimately is intended to enhance the understanding of microglial versatility and expedite the exploration of promising strategies for visual protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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30
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Bouffette S, Botez I, De Ceuninck F. Targeting galectin-3 in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:519-531. [PMID: 37391294 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Galectin (Gal)-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin emerging as a key player in cardiac, hepatic, renal, and pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation, respiratory infections caused by COVID-19, and neuroinflammatory disorders. Here, we review recent information highlighting Gal-3 as a relevant therapeutic target in these specific disease conditions. While a causal link was difficult to establish until now, we discuss how recent strategic breakthroughs allowed us to identify new-generation Gal-3 inhibitors with improved potency, selectivity, and bioavailability, and report their usefulness as valuable tools for proof-of-concept studies in various preclinical models of the aforementioned diseases, with emphasis on those actually in clinical stages. We also address critical views and suggestions intended to expand the therapeutic opportunities provided by this complex target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Bouffette
- Servier, Neurology and Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, Servier R&D Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Iuliana Botez
- Servier, Drug Design Small Molecules Unit, Servier R&D Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric De Ceuninck
- Servier, Neurology and Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, Servier R&D Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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31
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Peng Y, Zhou M, Yang H, Qu R, Qiu Y, Hao J, Bi H, Guo D. Regulatory Mechanism of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:8821610. [PMID: 37332618 PMCID: PMC10270764 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8821610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells in the organism and can be found in almost tissues and organs. They are highly plastic and heterogeneous cells and can participate in the immune response, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the body. It is well known that undifferentiated macrophages can polarize into classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) under different microenvironmental conditions. The directions of macrophage polarization can be regulated by a series of factors, including interferon, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin, and noncoding RNAs. To elucidate the role of macrophages in various autoimmune diseases, we searched the literature on macrophages with the PubMed database. Search terms are as follows: macrophages, polarization, signaling pathways, noncoding RNA, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis, Sjogren's syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. In the present study, we summarize the role of macrophage polarization in common autoimmune diseases. In addition, we also summarize the features and recent advances with a particular focus on the immunotherapeutic potential of macrophage polarization in autoimmune diseases and the potentially effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Mengxian Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ruyi Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Jiawen Hao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
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32
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Liu Y, Huang D, Li Z, Zhou L, Cen T, Wei B, Wei L, Wu H, Su L, Sooranna SR, Pan X, Huang Z. A plasma proteomic approach in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction: insights into the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1153625. [PMID: 37265567 PMCID: PMC10229768 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1153625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The pathogenesis of disease progression targets for patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction was investigated by using plasma proteomics. Methods The plasma proteomes of acute myocardial infarction patients with (MI-HF) and without (MI-WHF) heart failure were compared. Each group consisted of 10 patients who were matched for age and sex. The peptides were analyzed by 2-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in a high definition mode. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) verified the selected target proteins. Results We identified and quantified 2,589 and 2,222 proteins, respectively, and found 117 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (≥1.5-fold), when the MI-HF and MI-WHF groups were compared. Of these 51 and 66 were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. The significant DEPs was subjected to protein-protein interaction network analysis which revealed a central role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the MI-HF patients. PRM verified that MB, DIAPH1, VNN1, GOT2, SLC4A1, CRP, CKM, SOD3, F7, DLD, PGAM2, GOT1, UBA7 and HYOU1 were 14 proteins which were highly expressed in MI-HF patients. Conclusions These findings showed a group of proteins related to the NF-κB signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of patients with poor outcomes after experiencing MI-HF. These proteins may be useful candidate markers for the diagnosis of MI-HF as well as help to elucidate the pathophysiology of this major cause of mortality in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhile Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - LiuFang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Tuan Cen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Baomin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Liuqing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Hongying Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Liye Su
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Suren R. Sooranna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Life Science and Clinical Research Center, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xinshou Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - ZhaoHe Huang
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Affiliated Southwest Hospital, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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33
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Shao XX, Xu Y, Xiao HY, Hu Y, Jiang Y. Higenamine improves DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through the Galectin-3/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102111. [PMID: 37210763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the colon and tends to relapse. Higenamine (HG) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. This study aimed to investigate the role of HG in the treatment of UC as well as the underlying mechanism. In vivo and in vitro models of UC were respectively established in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice and DSS-induced NCM460 cells. The weight and disease performance and disease activity index (DAI) of mice were recorded every day. The colon length was measured and pathological changes of colon tissues were observed by HE staining. The apoptosis of colon cells in mice was detected by Tunel assay and FITC-dextran was used to detect intestinal permeability in mice. The MPO activity and expression of tight junction proteins and Galectin-3/TLR4/NF-κB pathway related proteins in colon tissues and cells were detected by MPO assay kit and western blot. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum and cells, and levels of DAO and D-LA in serum were all detected by assay kits. The viability and apoptosis of NCM460 cells were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis, and permeability of NCM460 monolayers was detected by TEER measurement. As a result, HG improved the weight, DAI, colon length and pathological changes of DSS-induced UC mice. HG alleviated DSS-induced colon inflammation, inhibited DSS-induced apoptosis of mouse colonic epithelial cells and restored the integrity of the mucosa barrier in mice. In addition, HG suppressed the Galectin-3/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in DSS-induced UC mice. Similarly, HG improved viability and epithelial barrier function, and suppressed the apoptosis and inflammation of DSS-induced NCM460 cells by inhibiting the Galectin-3/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Galectin-3 overexpression could reverse the effect of HG on DSS-induced NCM460 cells. In conclusion, HG improved DSS-induced UC through the inactivation of Galectin-3/TLR4/NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: The data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Ying Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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34
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Identification and Characterization of a Novel Cathelicidin from Hydrophis cyanocinctus with Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052082. [PMID: 36903328 PMCID: PMC10004598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The abuse of antibiotics and lack of new antibacterial drugs has led to the emergence of superbugs that raise fears of untreatable infections. The Cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with varying antibacterial activities and safety is considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. In this study, we investigated a novel Cathelicidin peptide named Hydrostatin-AMP2 from the sea snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus. The peptide was identified based on gene functional annotation of the H. cyanocinctus genome and bioinformatic prediction. Hydrostatin-AMP2 showed excellent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including standard and clinical Ampicillin-resistant strains. The results of the bacterial killing kinetic assay demonstrated that Hydrostatin-AMP2 had faster antimicrobial action than Ampicillin. Meanwhile, Hydrostatin-AMP2 exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity including inhibition and eradication. It also showed a low propensity to induce resistance as well as low cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity. Notably, Hydrostatin-AMP2 apparently decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model. To sum up, these findings indicate that Hydrostatin-AMP2 is a potential peptide candidate for the development of new-generation antimicrobial drugs fighting against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
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35
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Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Galectin-1 in Yellow Drum ( Nibea albiflora). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043298. [PMID: 36834706 PMCID: PMC9963236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are proteins that are involved in the innate immune response against pathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, the gene expression pattern of galectin-1 (named as NaGal-1) and its function in mediating the defense response to bacterial attack were investigated. The tertiary structure of NaGal-1 protein consists of homodimers and each subunit has one carbohydrate recognition domain. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that NaGal-1 was ubiquitously distributed in all the detected tissues and highly expressed in the swim-bladder of Nibea albiflora, and its expression could be upregulated by the pathogenic Vibrio harveyi attack in the brain. Expression of NaGal-1 protein in HEK 293T cells was distributed in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. The recombinant NaGal-1 protein by prokaryotic expression could agglutinate red blood cells from rabbit, Larimichthys crocea, and N. albiflora. The agglutination of N. albiflora red blood cells by the recombinant NaGal-1 protein was inhibited by peptidoglycan, lactose, D-galactose, and lipopolysaccharide in certain concentrations. In addition, the recombinant NaGal-1 protein agglutinated and killed some gram-negative bacteria including Edwardsiella tarda, Escherichia coli, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas veronii. These results set the stage for further studies of NaGal-1 protein in the innate immunity of N. albiflora.
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Li W, Tan J, He S, Yue Y, Liu H, Li R, Wang X, Wang G, Fan W, Zhao C, Zhou Q, Yang P, Hou S. iPSC-based model of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease for phenotype recapitulation and drug screening. Clin Immunol 2023; 246:109205. [PMID: 36509389 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, a major blinding eye disease, is characterized by an autoimmune response against melanocytes in multiple organs throughout the body. Currently, the aetiology and pathogenesis of VKH disease are unclear, and the treatment strategy needs to be further optimized. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer of pigmented cells of the fundus, is essential for maintaining normal visual function and is involved in both the acute and chronic stages of VKH disease. Therefore, the functions of the RPE may play a critical role in the aetiology and treatment of VKH disease. Herein, we established a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) RPE model of VKH disease by reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into iPSCs and then differentiating them into RPE cells. Patient-derived RPE cells exhibited barrier disruption, impaired phagocytosis, and depigmentation compared with those from normal controls, which was consistent with the features of VKH disease. Furthermore, a small molecular compound targeting EGR2 was found to rescue the barrier and phagocytic functions of the hiPSC-RPE cells through high-throughput virtual screening and functional studies, suggesting a promising strategy for the treatment of VKH disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyuan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China..
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China..
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Jayaswamy PK, Vijaykrishnaraj M, Patil P, Alexander LM, Kellarai A, Shetty P. Implicative role of epidermal growth factor receptor and its associated signaling partners in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101791. [PMID: 36403890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in early brain development, although its expression pattern declines in accordance with the maturation of the active nervous system. However, recurrence of EGFR expression in brain cells takes place during neural functioning decline and brain atrophy in order to maintain the homeostatic neuronal pool. As a consequence, neurotoxic lesions such as amyloid beta fragment (Aβ1-42) formed during the alternative splicing of amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) elevate the expression of EGFR. This inappropriate peptide deposition on EGFR results in the sustained phosphorylation of the downstream signaling axis, leading to extensive Aβ1-42 production and tau phosphorylation as subsequent pathogenesis. Recent reports convey that the pathophysiology of AD is correlated with EGFR and its associated membrane receptor complex molecules. One such family of molecules is the annexin superfamily, which has synergistic relationships with EGFR and is known for membrane-bound signaling that contributes to a variety of inflammatory responses. Besides, Galectin-3, tissue-type activated plasminogen activator, and many more, which lineate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18) result in severe neuronal loss. Altogether, we emphasized the perspectives of cellular senescence up-regulated by EGFR and its associated membrane receptor molecules in the pathogenesis of AD as a target for a therapeutical alternative to intervene in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Jayaswamy
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - M Vijaykrishnaraj
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Lobo Manuel Alexander
- Department of Neurology, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Adithi Kellarai
- Department of General Medicine, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India; Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
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Sleep-Disturbance-Induced Microglial Activation Involves CRH-Mediated Galectin 3 and Autophagy Dysregulation. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010160. [PMID: 36611953 PMCID: PMC9818437 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep disturbances (CSDs) including insomnia, insufficient sleep time, and poor sleep quality are major public health concerns around the world, especially in developed countries. CSDs are major health risk factors linked to multiple neurodegenerative and neuropsychological diseases. It has been suggested that CSDs could activate microglia (Mg) leading to increased neuroinflammation levels, which ultimately lead to neuronal dysfunction. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying CSD-mediated microglial activation remain mostly unexplored. In this study, we used mice with three-weeks of sleep fragmentation (SF) to explore the underlying pathways responsible for Mg activation. Our results revealed that SF activates Mg in the hippocampus (HP) but not in the striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFc). SF increased the levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the HP. In vitro mechanism studies revealed that CRH activation of Mg involves galectin 3 (Gal3) upregulation and autophagy dysregulation. CRH could disrupt lysosome membrane integrity resulting in lysosomal cathepsins leakage. CRHR2 blockage mitigated CRH-mediated effects on microglia in vitro. SF mice also show increased Gal3 levels and autophagy dysregulation in the HP compared to controls. Taken together, our results show that SF-mediated hippocampal Mg activation involves CRH mediated galectin 3 and autophagy dysregulation. These findings suggest that targeting the hippocampal CRH system might be a novel therapeutic approach to ameliorate CSD-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Wang X, Fan W, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Li N, Li R, Wang G, He S, Li W, Liao D, Zhang Z, Shu N, Huang J, Zhao C, Hou S. SOX2-positive retinal stem cells are identified in adult human pars plicata by single-cell transcriptomic analyses. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 4:e198. [PMID: 36582303 PMCID: PMC9790047 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy to rescue visual impairment caused by retinal degeneration. Previous studies have proposed controversial theories about whether in situ retinal stem cells (RSCs) are present in adult human eye tissue. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as one of the most powerful tools to reveal the heterogeneity of tissue cells. By using scRNA-seq, we explored the cell heterogeneity of different subregions of adult human eyes, including pars plicata, pars plana, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), iris, and neural retina (NR). We identified one subpopulation expressing SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) as RSCs, which were present in the pars plicata of the adult human eye. Further analysis showed the identified subpopulation of RSCs expressed specific markers aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and tetraspanin 12 (TSPAN12). We, therefore, isolated this subpopulation using these two markers by flow sorting and found that the isolated RSCs could proliferate and differentiate into some retinal cell types, including photoreceptors, neurons, RPE cells, microglia, astrocytes, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells; whereas, AQP1- TSPAN12- cells did not have this differentiation potential. In conclusion, our results showed that SOX2-positive RSCs are present in the pars plicata and may be valuable for treating human retinal diseases due to their proliferation and differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Wei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Zongren Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ruonan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Guoqing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Siyuan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Wanqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Dan Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Zhi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Nan Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
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Meng J, Li N, Liu X, Qiao S, Zhou Q, Tan J, Zhang T, Dong Z, Qi X, Kijlstra A, Mao L, Yang P, Hou S. NLRP3 Attenuates Intraocular Inflammation by Inhibiting AIM2-Mediated Pyroptosis Through the Phosphorylated Salt-Inducible Kinase 1/Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor 1 Pathway. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 75:842-855. [PMID: 36529965 DOI: 10.1002/art.42420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to be involved in the development of uveitis, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. This study was undertaken to explore the role of NLRP3 in the development of uveitis. METHODS First, Nlrp3-deficient mice were used to study the role of NLRP3 in experimental autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Next, the gathering of ASC, activation of caspase 1 and gasdermin D, and secretion of lactate dehydrogenase and interleukin-1β were detected to confirm macrophage pyroptosis and AIM2 activation in the Nlrp3-/- mice. Additionally, RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the phosphorylated salt-inducible kinase 1 (p-SIK1)/sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) pathway, which regulates the transcription of Aim2. Finally, overexpression of Nlrp3 was applied to treat EAU. RESULTS Surprisingly, our findings show that NLRP3 plays an antiinflammatory role in 2 models of EAU and EAE. Additionally, macrophages show an increased M1 activation and pyroptosis in Nlrp3-/- mice. Further experiments indicate that this pyroptosis of macrophages was mediated by the up-regulated transcription of Aim2 as a result of Nlrp3 deficiency. In mechanistic studies, Nlrp3 deficiency was implicated in the down-regulation of p-SIK1 and subsequently the up-regulation of SREBF1, which binds to Aim2 and then promotes the latter's transcription. Finally, Aim2 deficiency, RNA silencing of Aim2 or Srebf1, and overexpression of Nlrp3 resulted in attenuated inflammation of EAU. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that NLRP3 inhibits AIM2 inflammasome-mediated EAU by regulating the p-SIK1/SREBF1 pathway, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting Nlrp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianyang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Qilu Hospital, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Qilu Hospital, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
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FTO-mediated m6A modification alleviates autoimmune uveitis by regulating microglia phenotypes via the GPC4/TLR4/NF-κB signaling axis. Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492748 PMCID: PMC10363593 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveitis, a vision-threatening inflammatory disease worldwide, is closely related to resident microglia. Retinal microglia are the main immune effector cells with strong plasticity, but their role in uveitis remains unclear. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been proven to be involved in the immune response. Therefore, we in this work aimed to identify the potentially crucial m6A regulators of microglia in uveitis. Through the single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis and experimental verification, we found a significant decrease in the expression of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) in retinal microglia of uveitis mice and human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) cells with inflammation. Additionally, FTO knockdown was found to aggravate the secretion of inflammatory factors and the mobility/chemotaxis of microglia. Mechanistically, the RNA-seq data and rescue experiments showed that glypican 4 (GPC4) was the target of FTO, which regulated microglial inflammation mediated by the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, RNA stability assays indicated that GPC4 upregulation was mainly regulated by the downregulation of the m6A "reader" YTH domain family protein 3 (YTHDF3). Finally, the FTO inhibitor FB23-2 further exacerbated experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) inflammation by promoting the GPC4/TLR4/NF-κB signaling axis, and this could be attenuated by the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242. Collectively, a decreased FTO could facilitate microglial inflammation in EAU, suggesting that the restoration or activation of FTO function may be a potential therapeutic strategy for uveitis.
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Tabel M, Wolf A, Szczepan M, Xu H, Jägle H, Moehle C, Chen M, Langmann T. Genetic targeting or pharmacological inhibition of galectin-3 dampens microglia reactivity and delays retinal degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:229. [PMID: 36115971 PMCID: PMC9482176 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunctional humoral and cellular innate immunity are key components in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Specifically, chronically activated microglia and their disturbed regulatory system contribute to retinal degeneration. Galectin-3, a β-galactose binding protein, is a potent driver of macrophage and microglia activation and has been implicated in neuroinflammation, including neurodegenerative diseases of the brain. Here, we hypothesized that genetic deficiency of galectin-3 or its modulation via TD139 dampens mononuclear phagocyte reactivity and delays retinal degeneration. Methods Galectin-3 expression in AMD patients was analyzed by immunohistochemical stainings. Galectin-3 knockout and BALB/cJ mice were exposed to white bright light with an intensity of 15,000 lux for 1 h and Cx3cr1GFP/+ mice to focal blue light of 50,000 lux for 10 min. BALB/cJ and Cx3cr1GFP/+ mice received intraperitoneal injections of 15 mg/kg TD139 or vehicle for five consecutive days, starting one day prior to light exposure. The effects of galectin-3 deficiency or inhibition on microglia were analyzed by immunohistochemical stainings and in situ hybridization of retinal sections and flat mounts. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were quantified by qRT-PCR and transcriptomic changes were analyzed by RNA-sequencing. Retinal thickness and structure were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. Results We found that galectin-3 expression was strongly upregulated in reactive retinal mononuclear phagocytes of AMD patients and in the two related mouse models of light-induced retinal degeneration. The experimental in vivo data further showed that specific targeting of galectin-3 by genetic knockout or administration of the small-molecule inhibitor TD139 reduced microglia reactivity and delayed retinal damage in both light damage conditions. Conclusion This study defines galectin-3 as a potent driver of retinal degeneration and highlights the protein as a drug target for ocular immunomodulatory therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02589-6.
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Margeta MA, Yin Z, Madore C, Pitts KM, Letcher SM, Tang J, Jiang S, Gauthier CD, Silveira SR, Schroeder CM, Lad EM, Proia AD, Tanzi RE, Holtzman DM, Krasemann S, Chen DF, Butovsky O. Apolipoprotein E4 impairs the response of neurodegenerative retinal microglia and prevents neuronal loss in glaucoma. Immunity 2022; 55:1627-1644.e7. [PMID: 35977543 PMCID: PMC9488669 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease and a decreased risk of glaucoma, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we found that in two mouse glaucoma models, microglia transitioned to a neurodegenerative phenotype characterized by upregulation of Apoe and Lgals3 (Galectin-3), which were also upregulated in human glaucomatous retinas. Mice with targeted deletion of Apoe in microglia or carrying the human APOE4 allele were protected from retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, despite elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Similarly to Apoe-/- retinal microglia, APOE4-expressing microglia did not upregulate neurodegeneration-associated genes, including Lgals3, following IOP elevation. Genetic and pharmacologic targeting of Galectin-3 ameliorated RGC degeneration, and Galectin-3 expression was attenuated in human APOE4 glaucoma samples. These results demonstrate that impaired activation of APOE4 microglia is protective in glaucoma and that the APOE-Galectin-3 signaling can be targeted to treat this blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica A Margeta
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhuoran Yin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kristen M Pitts
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia M Letcher
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Tang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuhong Jiang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian D Gauthier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian R Silveira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin M Schroeder
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleonora M Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan D Proia
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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The Multiple Roles of CD147 in the Development and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158336. [PMID: 35955471 PMCID: PMC9369056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD)147, also termed extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer or basigin, is a glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body, the oral cavity included. CD147 actively participates in physiological tissue development or growth and has important roles in reactive processes such as inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair. It is worth noting that deregulated expression and/or activity of CD147 is observed in chronic inflammatory or degenerative diseases, as well as in neoplasms. Among the latter, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by an upregulation of CD147 in both the neoplastic and normal cells constituting the tumor mass. Most interestingly, the expression and/or activity of CD147 gradually increase as healthy oral mucosa becomes inflamed; hyperplastic/dysplastic lesions are then set on, and, eventually, OSCC develops. Based on these findings, here we summarize published studies which evaluate whether CD147 could be employed as a marker to monitor OSCC development and progression. Moreover, we describe CD147-promoted cellular and molecular events which are relevant to oral carcinogenesis, with the aim to provide useful information for assessing whether CD147 may be the target of novel therapeutic approaches directed against OSCC.
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Zhao C, Liu Y, Meng J, Wang X, Liu X, Li W, Zhou Q, Xiang J, Li N, Hou S. LGALS3BP in Microglia Promotes Retinal Angiogenesis Through PI3K/AKT Pathway During Hypoxia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:25. [PMID: 35895036 PMCID: PMC9344220 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.8.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal microglia promote angiogenesis and vasculopathy in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR); however, its specific molecular mechanism in the formation of retinal angiogenesis remains unclear. The lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP), a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain protein family, is involved in tumor neovascularization, and we therefore hypothesized that LGALS3BP plays an active role in microglia-induced angiogenesis. Methods The expression of LGALS3BP in microglia was detected by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. Functional assays of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) such as migration, proliferation, and tube formation were measured by Transwell, EdU, and Matrigel assays. Angiogenesis-related factors and PI3K/AKT levels were detected by western blotting. The relationship between LGALS3BP and PI3K or HIF-1α was investigated by immunoprecipitation. Results Our results showed that the expression of LGALS3BP was significantly increased in microglia surrounding neovascularization of the OIR mice and was also upregulated in human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cells after hypoxia. Moreover, HUVECs co-cultured with hypoxic HMC3 cells showed increased migration, proliferation, and tube formation, as well as levels of angiogenesis-related factor. However, the proangiogenic ability and angiogenesis-related factor expression of HMC3 cells was suppressed after silencing LGALS3BP. LGALS3BP induces the upregulation of angiogenesis-related factors through the PI3K/AKT pathway and then promotes angiogenesis in microglia. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that LGALS3BP in microglia plays an important role in angiogenesis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target of LGALS3BP for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yusen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayu Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianyang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Xiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
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Yu S, Luo F, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Jin LH. Drosophila Innate Immunity Involves Multiple Signaling Pathways and Coordinated Communication Between Different Tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905370. [PMID: 35911716 PMCID: PMC9336466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response provides the first line of defense against invading pathogens, and immune disorders cause a variety of diseases. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster employs multiple innate immune reactions to resist infection. First, epithelial tissues function as physical barriers to prevent pathogen invasion. In addition, macrophage-like plasmatocytes eliminate intruders through phagocytosis, and lamellocytes encapsulate large particles, such as wasp eggs, that cannot be phagocytosed. Regarding humoral immune responses, the fat body, equivalent to the mammalian liver, secretes antimicrobial peptides into hemolymph, killing bacteria and fungi. Drosophila has been shown to be a powerful in vivo model for studying the mechanism of innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions because Drosophila and higher organisms share conserved signaling pathways and factors. Moreover, the ease with which Drosophila genetic and physiological characteristics can be manipulated prevents interference by adaptive immunity. In this review, we discuss the signaling pathways activated in Drosophila innate immunity, namely, the Toll, Imd, JNK, JAK/STAT pathways, and other factors, as well as relevant regulatory networks. We also review the mechanisms by which different tissues, including hemocytes, the fat body, the lymph gland, muscles, the gut and the brain coordinate innate immune responses. Furthermore, the latest studies in this field are outlined in this review. In summary, understanding the mechanism underlying innate immunity orchestration in Drosophila will help us better study human innate immunity-related diseases.
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47
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Mijailović NR, Vesic K, Arsenijevic D, Milojević-Rakić M, Borovcanin MM. Galectin-3 Involvement in Cognitive Processes for New Therapeutic Considerations. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:923811. [PMID: 35875353 PMCID: PMC9296991 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.923811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment may be a consequence of the normal aging process, but it may also be the hallmark of various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Early identification of individuals at particular risk for cognitive decline is critical, as it is imperative to maintain a cognitive reserve in these neuropsychiatric entities. In recent years, galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the galectin family, has received considerable attention with respect to aspects of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms behind the putative relationship between Gal-3 and cognitive impairment are not yet clear. Intrigued by this versatile molecule and its unique modular architecture, the latest data on this relationship are presented here. This mini-review summarizes recent findings on the mechanisms by which Gal-3 affects cognitive functioning in both animal and human models. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of Gal-3 in modulating the inflammatory response as a fine-tuner of microglia morphology and phenotype. A review of recent literature on the utility of Gal-3 as a biomarker is provided, and approaches to strategically exploit Gal-3 activities with therapeutic intentions in neuropsychiatric diseases are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša R. Mijailović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Nataša R. Mijailović,
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Milica M. Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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48
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Lew DS, McGrath MJ, Finnemann SC. Galectin-3 Promotes Müller Glia Clearance Phagocytosis via MERTK and Reduces Harmful Müller Glia Activation in Inherited and Induced Retinal Degeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:878260. [PMID: 35711472 PMCID: PMC9194531 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.878260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance phagocytosis is a documented function of Müller glia in the retina. However, the molecular mechanisms of Müller glia phagocytosis remain largely undefined. Here, we show that extracellular galectin-3 and protein S promote clearance phagocytosis by immortalized human MIO-M1 Müller cells in an additive, saturable manner. Galectin-3 promotes phagocytosis by primary Müller glia from wild-type (WT) mice but not from mice that lack the engulfment receptor MERTK and therefore develop postnatal photoreceptor degeneration. Probing a possible functional link between Müller galectin-3 and MERTK, we discovered that mertk -/- Müller glia in situ show excess galectin-3 at postnatal day 20 (P20), an age prior to detectable photoreceptor degeneration. Moreover, double knockout (DKO) mice lacking both galectin-3 and MERTK show increased activation of Müller cells (but not of microglia) at P20 and more pronounced photoreceptor loss at P35 compared to mice lacking MERTK alone. Exploring the well-established sodium iodate injury model, we also found more severe activation specifically of Müller glia, and worse retinal damage in mice lacking galectin-3 compared to WT mice. Indeed, galectin-3 deficiency significantly increased sensitivity to injury, yielding Müller activation and retinal damage at a sodium iodate concentration that had no effect on the WT retina. Altogether, our results from both inherited and acutely induced models of retinal degeneration agree that eliminating galectin-3 exacerbates Müller cell activation and retinal degeneration. These data identify an important protective role for the MERTK ligand galectin-3 in the retina in restraining Müller glia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S. Lew
- Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Morgan J. McGrath
- Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States
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Fan W, Huang W, Chen J, Li N, Mao L, Hou S. Retinal microglia: Functions and diseases. Immunology 2022; 166:268-286. [PMID: 35403700 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Chongqing China
- Chongqing Eye Institute Chongqing China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Chongqing China
| | - Weidi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medicine Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Chongqing China
- Chongqing Eye Institute Chongqing China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Chongqing China
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