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Alves D, Neves A, Vecchi L, Souza T, Vaz E, Mota S, Nicolau-Junior N, Goulart L, Araújo T. Rho GTPase activating protein 21-mediated regulation of prostate cancer associated 3 gene in prostate cancer cell. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13190. [PMID: 38896642 PMCID: PMC11186590 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of the prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) gene is well-defined as a marker for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. Although widely used in clinical research, PCA3 molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Herein we used phage display technology to identify putative molecules that bind to the promoter region of PCA3 gene and regulate its expression. The most frequent peptide PCA3p1 (80%) was similar to the Rho GTPase activating protein 21 (ARHGAP21) and its binding affinity was confirmed using Phage Bead ELISA. We showed that ARHGAP21 silencing in LNCaP prostate cancer cells decreased PCA3 and androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional levels and increased prune homolog 2 (PRUNE2) coding gene expression, indicating effective involvement of ARHGAP21 in androgen-dependent tumor pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the interaction between PCA3 promoter region and ARHGAP21. This is the first study that described the role of ARHGAP21 in regulating the PCA3 gene under the androgenic pathway, standing out as a new mechanism of gene regulatory control during prostatic oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Alves
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - A.F. Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Catalão, Catalão, GO, Brasil
| | - L. Vecchi
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - T.A. Souza
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - E.R. Vaz
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - S.T.S. Mota
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - N. Nicolau-Junior
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - L.R. Goulart
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - T.G. Araújo
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
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Funari R, Chu KY, Shen AQ. Multiplexed Opto-Microfluidic Biosensing: Advanced Platform for Prostate Cancer Detection. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2596-2604. [PMID: 38683677 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stands as a prominent global cause of mortality, necessitating early detection to augment survival rates and alleviate economic burdens on healthcare systems. In particular, prostate cancer (PCa), impacting 1.41 million men globally in 2020, accentuates the demand for sensitive and cost-effective detection methods beyond traditional prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. While clinical techniques exhibit limitations, biosensors emerge as compact, user-friendly alternatives to traditional laboratory approaches. However, existing biosensors predominantly concentrate on PSA detection, prompting the necessity for advancing toward multiplex sensing platforms. This study introduces a compact opto-microfluidic sensor featuring a substrate of gold nanospikes, fabricated via electrodeposition, for enhanced sensitivity. Embedded within a microfluidic chip, this nanomaterial enables the precise and concurrent measurement of PSA, alongside two complementary PCa biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and anti-α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (anti-AMACR) in diluted human plasma, offering a comprehensive approach to PSA analysis. Taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance principle, this biosensor offers robustness and sensitivity in real sample analysis without the need for labeling agents. With the limit of detection at 0.22, 0.37, and 0.18 ng/mL for PSA, MMP-2, and anti-AMACR, respectively, this biosensing platform holds promise for point-of-care analysis, underscoring its potential impact on medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Funari
- Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Kang-Yu Chu
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Mohammadi T, Guh DP, Tam ACT, Pataky RE, Black PC, So A, Lynd LD, Zhang W, Conklin AI. Economic evaluation of prostate cancer risk assessment methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis using population data. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20106-20118. [PMID: 37740609 PMCID: PMC10587968 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current prostate cancer (PCa) screening standard of care (SOC) leads to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment because decisions are guided by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, which have low specificity in the gray zone (3-10 ng/mL). New risk assessment tools (RATs) aim to improve biopsy decision-making. We constructed a modeling framework to assess new RATs in men with gray zone PSA from the British Columbia healthcare system's perspective. METHODS We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a new RAT used in biopsy-naïve men aged 50+ with a PSA of 3-10 ng/mL using a time-dependent state-transition model. The model was informed by engaging patient partners and using linked administrative health data, supplemented with published literature. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and the probability of the RAT being cost-effective were calculated. Probabilistic analysis was used to assess parameter uncertainty. RESULTS In the base case, a RAT based on an existing biomarker's characteristics was a dominant strategy associated with a cost savings of $44 and a quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gain of 0.00253 over 18 years of follow-up. At a cost-effectiveness threshold of $50,000/QALY, the probability that using a RAT is cost-effective relative to the SOC was 73%. Outcomes were sensitive to RAT costs and accuracy, especially the detection rate of high-grade PCa. Results were also impacted by PCa prevalence and assumptions about undetected PCa survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that a more accurate RAT to guide biopsy can be cost-effective. Our proposed general model can be used to analyze the cost-effectiveness of any novel RAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tima Mohammadi
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes (formerly Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences), Providence Health Care Research InstituteSt. Paul's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Daphne P. Guh
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes (formerly Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences), Providence Health Care Research InstituteSt. Paul's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Alexander C. T. Tam
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes (formerly Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences), Providence Health Care Research InstituteSt. Paul's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Reka E. Pataky
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, BC CancerVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Peter C. Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Alan So
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Larry D. Lynd
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes (formerly Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences), Providence Health Care Research InstituteSt. Paul's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes (formerly Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences), Providence Health Care Research InstituteSt. Paul's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Annalijn I. Conklin
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes (formerly Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences), Providence Health Care Research InstituteSt. Paul's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Clinical Utility of Prostate Health Index for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients with PI-RADS 3 Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174174. [PMID: 36077710 PMCID: PMC9454669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADSv2) score-3 lesions is equivocal; it is regarded as an intermediate status of presented PCa. In this study, we evaluated the clinical utility of the prostate health index (PHI) for the diagnosis of PCa and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) in patients with PI-RADSv2 score-3 lesions. The study cohort included patients who underwent a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided, cognitive-targeted biopsy for PI-RADSv2 score-3 lesions between November 2018 and April 2021. Before prostate biopsy, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) derivatives, such as total PSA (tPSA), [-2] proPSA (p2PSA) and free PSA (fPSA) were determined. The calculation equation of PHI is as follows: [(p2PSA/fPSA) × tPSA ½]. Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the values of PSA derivatives measured by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were compared. For this study, csPCa was defined as Gleason grade 2 or higher. Of the 392 patients with PI-RADSv2 score-3 lesions, PCa was confirmed in 121 (30.9%) patients, including 59 (15.1%) confirmed to have csPCa. Of all the PSA derivatives, PHI and PSA density (PSAD) showed better performance in predicting overall PCa and csPCa, compared with PSA (all p < 0.05). The AUC of the PHI for predicting overall PCa and csPCa were 0.807 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.710−0.906, p = 0.001) and 0.819 (95% CI: 0.723−0.922, p < 0.001), respectively. By the threshold of 30, PHI was 91.7% sensitive and 46.1% specific for overall PCa, and was 100% sensitive for csPCa. Using 30 as a threshold for PHI, 34.4% of unnecessary biopsies could have been avoided, at the cost of 8.3% of overall PCa, but would include all csPCa.
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Bae J, Yang SH, Kim A, Kim HG. RNA-based biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response monitoring of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:105.e1-105.e10. [PMID: 34952790 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract. The current recommendations for CaP diagnosis rely on the prostate-specific antigen levels and a digital rectal examination for anatomical abnormalities. However, these diagnostic tools are not highly sensitive. In particular, prostate-specific antigen has a low positive predictive value (approximately 30%). Thus, there is a need to develop biomarkers to improve the early clinical detection of CaP. Several novel technologies enable the identification of biomarkers from diverse sources, including the urine, serum, and prostate tissues. Furthermore, advances in genomic techniques have enabled the analysis of novel biomarkers, such as deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), ribonucleic acids (RNAs), proteins, and circulating tumor cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that RNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers for various cancers using high-throughput sequencing analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of RNA biomarkers are higher than those of protein biomarkers. Polymerase chain reaction enables the amplification of trace levels of RNAs with high sensitivity and specificity. RNA biomarkers provide dynamic insights into cellular states and regulatory processes when compared with DNA biomarkers. Additionally, multiple copies of various RNAs in a cell provide more information than DNA. The levels of specific RNAs in CaP tissues are upregulated when compared with those in non-cancerous tissues. Additionally, RNAs can be easily isolated from various body fluids. Thus, RNAs are potential non-invasive biomarkers for CaP. Moreover, the analysis of RNA levels adjusted for each stage of CaP enables the determination of prognostic individualized therapy for aggressive or progressive CaP. This review focused on the diagnostic and prognostic values of RNAs for CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeon Bae
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, KonKuk University Medical Center, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Kim
- Department of Urology, KonKuk University Medical Center, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Locus-Specific Methylation of GSTP1, RNF219, and KIAA1539 Genes with Single Molecule Resolution in Cell-Free DNA from Healthy Donors and Prostate Tumor Patients: Application in Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246234. [PMID: 34944854 PMCID: PMC8699300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, which is constantly accompanied by benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). To reach a 100% 5-year survival rate in PCa, which is characteristic for PCa if it is diagnosed in early stages, efficient PCa diagnostics against the background of BPH are demanded. The article describes a liquid biopsy approach to differential PCa diagnostics based on the data on locus-specific methylation of the three genes (GSTP1, RNF219, and KIAA1539) obtained with NGS of cell-free DNA from blood plasma of PCa, BPH, and healthy individuals. We offered a diagnostic approach including the analysis of simultaneous methylation status of two CpGs in one cell-free DNA molecule, allowing the discrimination of all patients with absolute sensitivity and specificity. Abstract The locus-specific methylation of three genes (GSTP1, RNF219, and KIAA1539 (also known as FAM214B)) in the blood plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of 20 patients with prostate cancer (PCa), 18 healthy donors (HDs), and 17 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was studied via the MiSeq platform. The methylation status of two CpGs within the same loci were used as the diagnostic feature for discriminating the patient groups. Many variables had good diagnostic characteristics, e.g., each of the variables GSTP1.C3.C9, GSTP1.C9, and GSTP1.C9.T17 demonstrated an 80% sensitivity at a 100% specificity for PCa patients vs. the others comparison. The analysis of RNF219 gene loci methylation allowed discriminating BPH patients with absolute sensitivity and specificity. The data on the methylation of the genes GSTP1 and RNF219 allowed discriminating PCa patients, as well as HDs, with absolute sensitivity and specificity. Thus, the data on the locus-specific methylation of cfDNA (with single-molecule resolution) combined with a diagnostic approach considering the simultaneous methylation of several CpGs in one locus enabled the discrimination of HD, BPH, and PCa patients.
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Comprehensive Characterization of Common and Cancer-Specific Differently Expressed lncRNAs in Urologic Cancers. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5515218. [PMID: 34335862 PMCID: PMC8286197 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5515218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Urologic cancers, comprising prostate carcinoma (PCa), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and bladder carcinoma (BCa), were the commonly occurred carcinoma amid males. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with the length of more than 200 nt functioned importantly in physiological and pathological advancement. Nevertheless, further investigation regarding lncRNA expression feature and function in urologic cancers should be essential. This study is aimed at uncovering the roles of the differently expressed lncRNAs in urologic cancers. The data of gene expression levels was downloaded from lncRNAtor datasets. The lncRNA expression pattern existing in different urologic cancers was assessed by hierarchical clustering analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were separately applied to evaluate the biological function and process and the biological pathways involving differently expressed lncRNAs. Our results indicated that 18 lncRNA expressions were increased, and 16 lncRNA expressions were reduced in urologic cancers after comparison with that in normal tissues. Moreover, our results demonstrated 61, 422, 137, and 281 lncRNAs were specifically dysregulated in bladder cancer (BLCA), kidney renal clear cell cancer (KIRC), kidney renal papillary cell cancer (KIRP), and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that differently expressed lncRNAs displayed crucially in urologic cancers. The prognostic value of common and cancer-specific differently expressed lncRNAs, such as PVT1, in cancer outcomes, was emphasized here. Our research has deeply unearthed the mechanism of differently expressed lncRNAs in urologic cancers development.
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Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: From diagnosis to prognosis and precision-guided therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107932. [PMID: 34174272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, ranging from remarkably slow progression or inertia to highly aggressive and fatal disease. As therapeutic decision-making, clinical trial design and outcome highly depend on the appropriate stratification of patients to risk groups, it is imperative to differentiate between benign versus more aggressive states. The incorporation of clinically valuable prognostic and predictive biomarkers is also potentially amenable in this process, in the timely prevention of metastatic disease and in the decision for therapy selection. This review summarizes the progress that has so far been made in the identification of the genomic events that can be used for the classification, prediction and prognostication of PCa, and as major targets for clinical intervention. We include an extensive list of emerging biomarkers for which there is enough preclinical evidence to suggest that they may constitute crucial targets for achieving significant advances in the management of the disease. Finally, we highlight the main challenges that are associated with the identification of clinically significant PCa biomarkers and recommend possible ways to overcome such limitations.
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Boerrigter E, Benoist GE, van Oort IM, Verhaegh GW, van Hooij O, Groen L, Smit F, Oving IM, de Mol P, Smilde TJ, Somford DM, Mehra N, Schalken JA, van Erp NP. Liquid biopsy reveals KLK3 mRNA as a prognostic marker for progression free survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer undergoing first-line abiraterone acetate and prednisone treatment. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2453-2465. [PMID: 33650292 PMCID: PMC8410566 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating RNAs extracted from liquid biopsies represent a promising source of cancer‐ and therapy‐related biomarkers. We screened whole blood from patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) following their first‐line treatment with abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AA‐P) to identify circulating RNAs that may correlate with progression‐free survival (PFS). In a prospective multicenter observational study, 53 patients with mCRPC were included after they started first‐line AA‐P treatment. Blood was drawn at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment initiation. The levels of predefined circulating RNAs earlier identified as being upregulated in patients with mCRPC (e.g., microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs), were analyzed. Uni‐ and multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to analyze the prognostic value of the various circulating RNAs for PFS along treatment. Detectable levels of kallikrein‐related peptidase 3 (KLK3) mRNA at baseline were demonstrated to be an independent prognostic marker for PFS (201 vs 501 days, P = 0.00054). Three months after AA‐P treatment initiation, KLK3 could not be detected in the blood of responding patients, but was still detectable in 56% of the patients with early progression. Our study confirmed that KLK3 mRNA detection in whole blood is an independent prognostic marker in mCRPC patients receiving AA‐P treatment. Furthermore, the levels of circulating KLK3 mRNA in patients receiving AA‐P treatment might reflect treatment response or early signs of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Boerrigter
- Department of PharmacyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Guillemette E. Benoist
- Department of PharmacyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Inge M. van Oort
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Levi Groen
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Irma M. Oving
- Department of Medical OncologyZiekenhuisgroep TwenteAlmelothe Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Mol
- Department of Medical OncologyGelderse Vallei HospitalEdethe Netherlands
| | - Tineke J. Smilde
- Department of Medical OncologyJeroen Bosch Hospital‘s Hertogenboschthe Netherlands
| | | | - Niven Mehra
- Deparment of Medical OncologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Nielka P. van Erp
- Department of PharmacyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
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Benoist GE, van Oort IM, Boerrigter E, Verhaegh GW, van Hooij O, Groen L, Smit F, de Mol P, Hamberg P, Dezentjé VO, Mehra N, Gerritsen W, Somford DM, van Erp NPH, Schalken JA. Prognostic Value of Novel Liquid Biomarkers in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Enzalutamide: A Prospective Observational Study. Clin Chem 2021; 66:842-851. [PMID: 32408351 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several treatment options were recently added for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, response to therapy is variable, and biomarkers that can guide treatment selection and response evaluation are lacking. Circulating RNAs are a promising source of biomarkers. We explored messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsies of patients with mCRPC treated with enzalutamide. METHODS Forty patients were included in this prospective multicenter observational study. Whole blood was drawn at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after start of therapy. Four mRNAs, 6 miRNAs, and 5 lncRNAs were analyzed by quantitative PCR. RNA levels in 30 healthy individuals were used as controls. RNA expression data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, and the primary end point was progression-free survival. Clinical factors were included in the multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Levels of 2 miRNAs, miR-375 and miR-3687, and 1 lncRNA, N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase like 2 antisense RNA 2 (NAALADL2-AS2), were more than 2-fold higher in patients with mCRPC compared with healthy volunteers. Patients with higher levels of miR-375 or miR-3687 showed a shorter time to progression. Patients with higher levels of NAALADL2-AS2 showed a longer time to progression. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, higher miR-375, miR-3687 and serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations were shown to be independent predictors for shorter time to progression. CONCLUSIONS We identified miR-3687 as a novel prognostic marker for response in patients with CRPC treated with enzalutamide, and we confirmed the prognostic value of miR-375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette E Benoist
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M van Oort
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmy Boerrigter
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Levi Groen
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter de Mol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent O Dezentjé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Winald Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik M Somford
- Department of Urology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nielka P H van Erp
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Chen W, Gu M, Gao C, Chen B, Yang J, Xie X, Wang X, Sun J, Wang J. The Prognostic Value and Mechanisms of TMEM16A in Human Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:542156. [PMID: 33681289 PMCID: PMC7930745 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.542156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a calcium ion-dependent chloride channel transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) locates on the cell membrane. Numerous research results have shown that TMEM16A is abnormally expressed in many cancers. Mechanically, TMEM16A participates in cancer proliferation and migration by affecting the MAPK and CAMK signaling pathways. Additionally, it is well documented that TMEM16A exerts a regulative impact on the hyperplasia of cancer cells by interacting with EGFR in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an epithelial growth factor receptor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma respectively. Meanwhile, as an EGFR activator, TMEM16A is considered as an oncogene or a tumor-promoting factor. More and more experimental data showed that down-regulation of TMEM16A or gene targeted therapy may be an effective treatment for cancer. This review summarized its role in various cancers and research advances related to its clinical application included treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Chen
- Anhui Province Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaobing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bangjie Chen
- First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junfa Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Anhui Medicine Centralized Procurement Service Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Anhui Province Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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12
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Ma Y, Chi J, Zheng Z, Attygalle A, Kim IY, Du H. Therapeutic prognosis of prostate cancer using surface-enhanced Raman scattering of patient urine and multivariate statistical analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000275. [PMID: 32909380 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is highly sensitive and label-free analytical technique based on Raman spectroscopy aided by field-multiplying plasmonic nanostructures. We report the use of SERS measurements of patient urine in conjunction with biostatistical algorithms to assess the treatment response of prostate cancer (PCa) in 12 recurrent (Re) and 63 nonrecurrent (NRe) patient cohorts. Multiple Raman spectra are collected from each urine sample using monodisperse silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for Raman signal enhancement. Genetic algorithms-partial least squares-linear discriminant analysis (GA-PLS-LDA) was employed to analyze the Raman spectra. Comprehensive GA-PLS-LDA analyses of these Raman spectral features (p = 3.50 × 10-16 ) yield an accuracy of 86.6%, sensitivity of 86.0%, and specificity 87.1% in differentiating the Re and NRe cohorts. Our study suggests that SERS combined with multivariate GA-PLS-LDA algorithm can potentially be used to detect and monitor the risk of PCa relapse and to aid with decision-making for optimal intermediate secondary therapy to recurred patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jingmao Chi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Athula Attygalle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Isaac Yi Kim
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Division of Urology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Henry Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Ustundağ Y, Huysal K, Guzelsoy M, Genim CE, Yavuz A. Urine and serum glycosaminoglycan levels in the diagnosis of urological diseases and conditions: A narrative review of the literature. Urologia 2020; 88:103-109. [PMID: 33043817 DOI: 10.1177/0391560320960003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are sulfated, negatively charged polysaccharides produced in almost every cell of the human body. As GAGs are extracellularly localized, the changes in body fluids such as blood and urine may reflect pathological changes in the urinary system as observed in other pathologies. In this review, we determined the potential of urinary and/or serum GAG levels as a marker for kidney and urothelial system diseases. We performed a search in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases until September 30, 2019. A number of studies reported changes in the urinary and/or plasma GAG levels or composition in urological diseases and conditions, such as renal cell carcinoma, kidney stone, bladder carcinoma, and overactive bladder. GAGs were found to have a predictive biomarker potential that could be limited by generalizability concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Ustundağ
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kağan Huysal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Guzelsoy
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Canan Erdem Genim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Yavuz
- Department of Physiology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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14
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Wang K, Zhao H, Wang W, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Ma J, Tan H, Zhang Y, Lin C. Effect of upregulation of DD3 on early detection and prognosis in prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:1550-1558. [PMID: 32944517 PMCID: PMC7475679 DOI: 10.21037/tau-19-899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3 OR DD3) in the blood has been reported to be significantly higher in prostate cancer (PCa) than in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). To confirm whether DD3 expression is significantly different between PCa and BPH tissues, DD3 expression was tested in the blood both preoperatively and postoperatively and in the paired tissues of PCa patients. Methods Expression levels of DD3 mRNA in the blood of patients who did not undergo surgery (PCa, n=102; BPH, n=53), those underwent surgery (preoperative, n=35; postoperative, n=35), and in PCa tissue specimens (tumor, n=41; adjacent normal, n=21) were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Sensitivity and specificity for DD3 in PCa patients were validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Our data suggest that expression level of DD3 in blood samples was significantly higher in PCa patients than in BPH patients (P=0.005). Expression of DD3 mRNA was also significantly elevated in PCa tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (P=0.013). The increase in DD3 expression in PCa patients was further validated using a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=549). Postoperative DD3 expression decreased following surgical intervention (P<0.001). Moreover, low DD3 expression was associated with improved overall survival (OS). Using gene set enrichment analysis, DD3 expression was correlated with specific PCa target genes including carcinogenesis-related and cancer proliferation-related genes. Conclusions This study demonstrated that expression of DD3 was upregulated in blood and PCa tumor tissues and was associated with prognosis. The oncogenic role of DD3 was further validated in the TCGA database, indicating that DD3 is a potential therapeutic target for PCa. Furthermore, this study suggests that DD3 expression could be considered as a prognostic biomarker for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huishan Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yingqian Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuebao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Haotian Tan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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15
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Stroomberg HV, Jørgensen A, Brasso K, Nielsen JE, Juul A, Frederiksen H, Blomberg Jensen M, Røder MA. Novel functions of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor in prostate cancer cells and patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238814. [PMID: 32881970 PMCID: PMC7470326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) cells become castrate-resistant after initial tumor regression following castration-based lowering of testosterone (T). De-novo intra-tumoral steroid synthesis is a suggested biological mechanism of castration resistant PCa, but the regulators are unknown. Testicular T production is controlled by the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). To elucidate the influence of LHCGR on PCa development the presence and effects of LHCGR in PCa and whether LHCGR in serum holds prognostic information in PCa patients is investigated. LHCGR expression was investigated by RT-PCR, WB, IHC, qPCR in PCa cell lines and prostatic tissue. Steroid production was measured in media from cell lines with LC-MS/MS and expression of steroidogenic enzymes with qPCR. Serum LHCGR (sLHCGR) was measured with ELISA in PCa patients (N = 157). Presence of LHCGR was established in prostatic tissue and PCa cell lines. Cell proliferation increased by 1.29-fold in LNCaP (P = 0.007) and 1.33-fold in PC-3 cells (P = 0.0007), when stimulated by luteinizing hormone. Choriogonadotropin stimulation decreased proliferation 0.93-fold in DU145 cells (P = 0.05), but none of the treatments altered steroid metabolite secretion. Low sLHCGR concentration was associated with a higher risk of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy (HR = 3.05, P = 0.06) and castration resistance (HR = 6.92, P = 0.004) compared to high sLHCGR concentration. LHCGR is expressed in PCa and may exert a growth regulatory role in PCa derived cell lines. A potential prognostic role of sLHCGR for determining recurrence risk in PCa patients is found in this pilot study but needs verification in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Vincent Stroomberg
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Group of Skeletal, Mineral and Gonadal Endocrinology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Erik Nielsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Blomberg Jensen
- Group of Skeletal, Mineral and Gonadal Endocrinology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, HSDM/HMS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Martin Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Aydın EB. Highly sensitive impedimetric immunosensor for determination of interleukin 6 as a cancer biomarker by using conjugated polymer containing epoxy side groups modified disposable ITO electrode. Talanta 2020; 215:120909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Aladwani M, Lophatananon A, Ollier W, Muir K. Prediction models for prostate cancer to be used in the primary care setting: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034661. [PMID: 32690501 PMCID: PMC7371149 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk prediction models for prostate cancer (PCa) that can be used in the primary care and community health settings. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE and Embase databases combined from inception and up to the end of January 2019. ELIGIBILITY Studies were included based on satisfying all the following criteria: (i) presenting an evaluation of PCa risk at initial biopsy in patients with no history of PCa, (ii) studies not incorporating an invasive clinical assessment or expensive biomarker/genetic tests, (iii) inclusion of at least two variables with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) being one of them, and (iv) studies reporting a measure of predictive performance. The quality of the studies and risk of bias was assessed by using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Relevant information extracted for each model included: the year of publication, source of data, type of model, number of patients, country, age, PSA range, mean/median PSA, other variables included in the model, number of biopsy cores to assess outcomes, study endpoint(s), cancer detection, model validation and model performance. RESULTS An initial search yielded 109 potential studies, of which five met the set criteria. Four studies were cohort-based and one was a case-control study. PCa detection rate was between 20.6% and 55.8%. Area under the curve (AUC) was reported in four studies and ranged from 0.65 to 0.75. All models showed significant improvement in predicting PCa compared with being based on PSA alone. The difference in AUC between extended models and PSA alone was between 0.06 and 0.21. CONCLUSION Only a few PCa risk prediction models have the potential to be readily used in the primary healthcare or community health setting. Further studies are needed to investigate other potential variables that could be integrated into models to improve their clinical utility for PCa testing in a community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aladwani
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William Ollier
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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18
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Kavalci E, Onder AU, Brusgaard K, Bostanci A, Selhanoglu MY, Serakinci N. Identification of genetic biomarkers in urine for early detection of prostate cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2020; 45:100616. [PMID: 32660704 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2020.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer screening is a challenging and vital issue in the aspects of the current tests and risk assessments. Prostate cancer risk assessments are currently carried out by using blood, urine and tissue biomarkers with radiological imaging methods. Here, we introduce a novel noninvasive screening tool for a further in-depth selection of eligible cases for prostate biopsies which is based on sequencing somatic and hereditary HOXB13 mutations in urine samples. This approach provides diagnostic information to the physician about the presence of prostate cancer while aiming to screen for specific prostate biopsies and save biopsies potentially when there are no mutations related to prostate cancer. Findings suggest that this method is reliable, cost-effective, and has a promising potential in prostate cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyyup Kavalci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Near East University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Ali Ulvi Onder
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Klaus Brusgaard
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Aysegul Bostanci
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Near East University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yavuz Selhanoglu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Nedime Serakinci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Near East University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
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19
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Rezatabar S, Moudi E, Sadeghi F, Khafri S, Kopi TA, Parsian H. Evaluation of the plasma level of long non-coding RNA PCAT1 in prostatic hyperplasia and newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3239. [PMID: 32529802 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is generally detected by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as one of the most widely applied tumor markers over decades for its high sensitivity. Nevertheless, it causes overtreatment or an unnecessary biopsy because of its limited specificity. PCa-associated ncRNA transcript 1 (PCAT1), the newly identified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been reported to associate with the progress of PCa. In vitro studies proposed that PCAT-1 may be an appealing candidate for diagnostic accuracy improvement with regard to its notable overexpression in PCa cells. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the plasma PCAT1 expression levels in PCa patients in comparison to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and healthy controls. METHODS The plasma lncRNA PCAT1 level was measured by a real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in 40 men newly diagnosed with PCa, 20 patients with BPH and 20 healthy subjects. The results were analyzed statistically using SPSS, version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS The expression of PCAT1 was significantly higher in healthy subjects compared to BPH patients (p = 0.03). The diagnostic accuracy of the plasma lncRNA PCAT-1 for discrimination of the healthy subjects than BPH patients was reasonable (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.799; sensitivity = 71%; specificity = 74%; negative predictive value = 74%; positive predictive value = 71%). CONCLUSIONS It appears that the plasma levels of PCAT1 expression have reasonable diagnostic accuracy for the discrimination of healthy individuals compared to those with BPH, although no significant difference of PCAT1 expression levels was observed in comparisons between the PCa with BPH and normal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Rezatabar
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Emadoddin Moudi
- Department of Urology, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Department of Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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20
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Tae BS, Jeon BJ, Lee YH, Choi H, Park JY, Bae JH. Can natural killer cell activity help screen patients requiring a biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer? Int Braz J Urol 2020; 46:244-252. [PMID: 32022514 PMCID: PMC7025844 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2019.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of natural killer cell activity (NKA) in diagnosing prostate cancer (PC). Materials and Methods The medical records of patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy (TRBx) at Korea University Ansan Hospital between May 2017 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. NKA levels were measured using NK Vue® Tubes (ATgen, Sungnam, Korea). All blood samples were obtained at 8 AM on the day of biopsy. Patients with other malignancies, chronic inflammatory conditions, high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (>20ng/mL), or history of taking 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor or testosterone replacement therapy were excluded. Results A total of 102 patients who underwent TRBx for PC diagnosis were enrolled. Among them, 50 were diagnosed with PC. Significant differences in age and NKA level were observed between the PC and no-PC groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off of NKA level for the prediction of PC was 500pg/dL, with a sensitivity of 68.0% and a specificity of 73.1%. In addition, NKA level (0.630) had the greatest area under the ROC curve compared to those for the ratio of total PSA to free PSA (0.597) and PSA density (0.578). Conclusions The results of this pilot study revealed that low NKA and high PSA levels were likely to be associated with a positive TRBx outcome. NKA detection was easy and improved the diagnostic accuracy of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Sik Tae
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Byeong Jo Jeon
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jae Young Park
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
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21
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Lown PS, Hackel BJ. Magnetic Bead-Immobilized Mammalian Cells Are Effective Targets to Enrich Ligand-Displaying Yeast. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:274-284. [PMID: 32283920 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Yeast surface display empowers selection of protein binding ligands, typically using recombinant soluble antigens. However, ectodomain fragments of transmembrane targets may fail to recapitulate their true, membrane-bound form. Direct selections against adhered mammalian cells empower enrichment of genuine binders yet benefit from high target expression, robustly adherent mammalian cells, and nanomolar affinity ligands. This study evaluates a modified format with mammalian cells immobilized to magnetic beads; yeast-displayed fibronectin domain and affibody ligands of known affinities and cells with expression ranges of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CD276 elucidate important parameters to ligand enrichment and yield in cell suspension panning with comparison to adherent panning. Cell suspension panning is hindered by significant background of nondisplaying yeast but exhibits yield advantages in model EGFR systems for a high affinity (KD = 2 nM) binder on cells with both high (106 per cell) target expression (9.6 ± 0.6% vs 3.2 ± 0.4%, p < 0.0001) and mid (105) target expression (2.3 ± 0.5% vs 0.41 ± 0.09%, p = 0.0008), as well as for a low affinity (KD > 600 nM) binder on high target expression cells (2.0 ± 0.5% vs 0.017 ± 0.005%; p = 0.001). Significant enrichment was observed for all EGFR systems except the low-affinity, high expression system. The CD276 system failed to provide significant enrichment, indicating that this technique may not be suitable for all targets. Collectively, this study highlights new approaches that yield successful enrichment of yeast-displayed ligands via panning on immobilized mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Lown
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 356 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Hackel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 356 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Wang Q, Chen F, Jiang D, Kabani A, Sokoro AAH. Prostate-Specific Antigen Test Utilization in a Major Canadian City. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 153:776-780. [PMID: 32003789 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the utilization of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in Winnipeg, a major Canadian city, and to compare PSA testing rates between Winnipeg and Calgary, another major Canadian city of comparable size. METHODS PSA testing results were reviewed by year and age group. We focused our studies in years 2011 and 2016, for which census demographic data are available. RESULTS In Winnipeg, the PSA testing rates (patients with one or two PSA tests divided by the male population) showed a declining trend over years from 2008 to 2017. For almost all age groups, PSA testing rates in 2016 decreased in comparison to those in 2011. For age older than 40 years, the relative percentage decreases were 14% to 20%.In 2011, Winnipeg PSA testing rates were consistently higher than those in Calgary for all age groups. For age older than 40 years, the relative percentage differences were 36% to 50%.In addition, 41% and 40% of patients in Winnipeg who underwent PSA testing were younger than 50 years or older than 69 years in 2011 and 2016, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PSA testing utilization may be falling short of optimal rates. There is a need to reinforce the optimal use of clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Wang
- Diagnostic Services, Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Fang Chen
- Departments of Finance and Accounting, I. H. Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Depeng Jiang
- Departments of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amin Kabani
- Diagnostic Services, Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Departments of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - AbdulRazaq A H Sokoro
- Diagnostic Services, Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Departments of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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23
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Merging new-age biomarkers and nanodiagnostics for precision prostate cancer management. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:302-317. [PMID: 30962568 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The accurate identification and stratified treatment of clinically significant early-stage prostate cancer have been ongoing concerns since the outcomes of large international prostate cancer screening trials were reported. The controversy surrounding clinical and cost benefits of prostate cancer screening has highlighted the lack of strategies for discriminating high-risk disease (that requires early treatment) from low-risk disease (that could be managed using watchful waiting or active surveillance). Advances in molecular subtyping and multiomics nanotechnology-based prostate cancer risk delineation can enable refinement of prostate cancer molecular taxonomy into clinically meaningful and treatable subtypes. Furthermore, the presence of intertumoural and intratumoural heterogeneity in prostate cancer warrants the development of novel nanodiagnostic technologies to identify clinically significant prostate cancer in a rapid, cost-effective and accurate manner. Circulating and urinary next-generation prostate cancer biomarkers for disease molecular subtyping and the newest complementary nanodiagnostic platforms for enhanced biomarker detection are promising tools for precision prostate cancer management. However, challenges in merging both aspects and clinical translation still need to be overcome.
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Stern LA, Lown PS, Hackel BJ. Ligand Engineering via Yeast Surface Display and Adherent Cell Panning. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2070:303-320. [PMID: 31625103 PMCID: PMC6996137 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9853-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput ligand discovery and evolution-via genotype-phenotype linkage strategies-empower molecularly targeted therapy, diagnostics, and fundamental science. Maintaining high-quality target antigen in these selections, particularly for membrane targets, is often a technical challenge. Panning yeast-displayed ligand libraries on intact mammalian cells expressing the molecular target has emerged as an effective strategy. Herein we describe the techniques used to select target-binding ligands via this approach including the use of target-negative cells to deplete non-specific binders and avidity reduction to preferentially select high-affinity ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Stern
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Patrick S Lown
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin J Hackel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Mashhadikhan M, Lamouki R, Moslemi E, Izadi A. Considering blood samples for early diagnosis of prostate cancer by evaluating prostate cancer antigen 3 expression values. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_25_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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26
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Wang D, Wan X, Zhang Y, Kong Z, Lu Y, Sun X, Huang Y, Ji C, Li D, Luo J, Gu W, Wang C, Li Y, Xu Y. A novel androgen-reduced prostate-specific lncRNA, PSLNR, inhibits prostate-cancer progression in part by regulating the p53-dependent pathway. Prostate 2019; 79:1362-1377. [PMID: 31269242 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in males in China. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) reportedly play crucial roles in human cancer progression in many studies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PCa progression remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the lncRNA transcriptome using publicly available RNA-sequencing data to identify prostate-specific lncRNAs. Then, the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay identified lncRNA with a direct binding to androgen receptor (AR), hereafter denoted as PSLNR. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of p53 signaling-related genes after overexpression PSLNR. The effects of overexpression of PSLNR on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were assessed by using CCK-8 and flow cytometric analysis. We then detected the expression of PSLNR in tissues. RESULT We reported a novel androgen-reduced prostate-specific lncRNA, PSLNR, that inhibited PCa progression via the p53-dependent pathway. By analyzing the NOCODE data set, we reported that PSLNR was specifically expressed in the prostate, suggesting the potential of PSLNR as a biomarker for PCa treatment. The AR pathway was also confirmed to be an upstream regulation signaling pathway of PSLNR by transcriptionally regulating its expression in androgen-dependent PCa cells. PSLNR also significantly inhibited PCa proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. Thus, PSLNR may be a candidate diagnosis and therapeutic target for PCa. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed for the first time a novel androgen-reduced prostate-specific lncRNA, PSLNR, which inhibited PCa progression via the p53-dependent pathway, suggesting that PSLNR may be a candidate diagnosis and therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xuechao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhe Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yali Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chaoneng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dujian Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Four People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Four People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Four People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yaoting Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Four People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Magers MJ, Cheng L. Practical Molecular Testing in a Clinical Genitourinary Service. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 144:277-289. [PMID: 31373513 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0134-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Molecular testing is increasingly playing a key role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of neoplasms of the genitourinary system. OBJECTIVE.— To provide a general overview of the clinically relevant molecular tests available for neoplasms of the genitourinary tract. DATA SOURCES.— Relevant medical literature indexed on PubMed. CONCLUSIONS.— Understanding of the molecular oncology of genitourinary neoplasms is rapidly advancing, and the pathologist must be aware of the practical implications of molecular testing. While many genomic abnormalities are not yet clinically relevant, there is an increasing library of ancillary tests that may guide diagnosis, prognosis, and/or treatment of many neoplasms. Recurrent genomic abnormalities have been identified in many types of renal cell carcinoma, and some types of renal cell carcinoma are specifically defined by the molecular abnormality. Two major routes of developing urothelial carcinoma have been molecularly described. Recurrent translocations involving ETS family genes are found in approximately half of prostate cancer cases. Testicular germ cell tumors typically harbor i(12p). Penile neoplasms are often high-risk human papillomavirus-driven cancers. Nonetheless, even as genitourinary neoplasms are increasingly better understood at the molecular level, further research with eventual clinical validation is needed for optimal diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of aggressive malignancies in the genitourinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Magers
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Magers and Cheng) and Urology (Dr Cheng), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Liang Cheng
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Magers and Cheng) and Urology (Dr Cheng), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Jiang T, Wei BJ, Zhang DX, Li L, Qiao GL, Yao XA, Chen ZW, Liu X, Du XY. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed lncRNA in sporadic parathyroid tumors. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1511-1519. [PMID: 30972448 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma on histological examination is challenging. Thousands of differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified on the microarray data between parathyroid cancer and adenoma samples. Four lncRNAs were significantly dysregulated in further validation. The "lncRNA score" calculated from these lncRNAs differentiated parathyroid carcinomas from adenomas. LncRNAs serve as biomarkers for parathyroid cancer diagnosis. INTRODUCTION Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) on histological examination is challenging. LncRNA profile study was conducted to find diagnostic biomarkers for PC. METHODS LncRNA arrays containing 91,007 lncRNAs as well as 29,857 mRNAs were used to assess parathyroid specimen (5 carcinomas and 6 adenomas). Bioinformatics analyses were also conducted to compare the microarray results between parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas (PAs). Differentially expressed lncRNAs of 11 PCs and 31 PAs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS On the microarray data between PC and PA samples (fold change ≥ 2, P < 0.05), 1809 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 1349 mRNAs also were identified. All carcinomas were clustered in the same group by clustering analysis using dysregulated lncRNAs or mRNAs. Four lncRNAs (LINC00959, lnc-FLT3-2:2, lnc-FEZF2-9:2, and lnc-RP11-1035H13.3.1-2:1) identified were significantly dysregulated in further RT-PCR validation. The global "lncRNA score" calculated from the lncRNAs above also differentiated parathyroid carcinomas from adenomas. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA profiling shows distinct differentially expressed lncRNAs in parathyroid neoplasm. They may play a key role in parathyroid cancer and serve as potential biomarkers to distinguish parathyroid cancers from parathyroid adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - B J Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - D X Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - L Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - G L Qiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - X A Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Z W Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - X Y Du
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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29
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Singh S, Gill AA, Nlooto M, Karpoormath R. Prostate cancer biomarkers detection using nanoparticles based electrochemical biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:213-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bhowmick SS, Bhattacharjee D, Rato L. In silico markers: an evolutionary and statistical approach to select informative genes of human breast cancer subtypes. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1371-1382. [PMID: 31004329 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advancement in bioinformatics offers the ability to identify informative genes from high dimensional gene expression data. Selection of informative genes from these large datasets has emerged as an issue of major concern among researchers. OBJECTIVE Gene functionality and regulatory mechanisms can be understood through the analysis of these gene expression data. Here, we present a computational method to identify informative genes for breast cancer subtypes such as Basal, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), luminal A (LumA), and luminal B (LumB). METHODS The proposed In Silico Markers method is a wrapper feature selection method based on Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a classifier. Moreover, the composite measure consisting of relevance, redundancy, and rank score of frequently appeared genes are used to select informative genes. RESULTS The informative genes are validated by statistical and biologically relevant criteria. For a comparative evaluation of the proposed approach, biological similarity score designed on semantic similarity measure of GO terms are investigated. Further, the proposed technique is evaluated with 7 existing gene selection techniques using two-class annotated breast cancer subtype datasets. CONCLUSION The utilization of this method can bring about the discovery of informative genes. Furthermore, under multiple criteria decision-making set-up, informative genes selected by the In Silico Markers are found to be admirable than the compared methods selected genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shib Sankar Bhowmick
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, 700107, India.
| | - Debotosh Bhattacharjee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Luis Rato
- Department of Informatics, University of Evora, 7004-516, Evora, Portugal
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31
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Reda I, Khalil A, Elmogy M, Abou El-Fetouh A, Shalaby A, Abou El-Ghar M, Elmaghraby A, Ghazal M, El-Baz A. Deep Learning Role in Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 17:1533034618775530. [PMID: 29804518 PMCID: PMC5972199 DOI: 10.1177/1533034618775530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system for early diagnosis of prostate cancer. The presented system integrates both clinical biomarkers (prostate-specific antigen) and extracted features from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging collected at multiple b values. The presented system performs 3 major processing steps. First, prostate delineation using a hybrid approach that combines a level-set model with nonnegative matrix factorization. Second, estimation and normalization of diffusion parameters, which are the apparent diffusion coefficients of the delineated prostate volumes at different b values followed by refinement of those apparent diffusion coefficients using a generalized Gaussian Markov random field model. Then, construction of the cumulative distribution functions of the processed apparent diffusion coefficients at multiple b values. In parallel, a K-nearest neighbor classifier is employed to transform the prostate-specific antigen results into diagnostic probabilities. Finally, those prostate-specific antigen–based probabilities are integrated with the initial diagnostic probabilities obtained using stacked nonnegativity constraint sparse autoencoders that employ apparent diffusion coefficient–cumulative distribution functions for better diagnostic accuracy. Experiments conducted on 18 diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data sets achieved 94.4% diagnosis accuracy (sensitivity = 88.9% and specificity = 100%), which indicate the promising results of the presented computer-aided diagnostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Reda
- 1 Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- 3 Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Elmogy
- 1 Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Shalaby
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Adel Elmaghraby
- 5 Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mohammed Ghazal
- 3 Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Han X, Wang W, He J, Jiang L, Li X. Osteopontin as a biomarker for osteosarcoma therapy and prognosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2592-2598. [PMID: 30854034 PMCID: PMC6365895 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy, and is particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. OS is an aggressive tumor with a tendency to metastasize and invade to para-carcinoma tissues. The primary treatment for this tumor is a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. However, the prognosis remains poor due to chemoresistance and early metastasis. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional secreted protein, has emerged as an important potential biomarker for diagnosing and treating cancer. The overexpression of OPN has been found in numerous malignant tumors, including breast, lung, gastric and ovarian cancer, as well as melanoma. Recent studies have suggested that OPN may provide an important function in the diagnosis and treatment of OS. The present review summarizes current knowledge and progress in understanding the potential role of OPN as a biomarker in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Han
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wenji Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing He
- Department of Liver Diseases, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Kawahara R, Ortega F, Rosa-Fernandes L, Guimarães V, Quina D, Nahas W, Schwämmle V, Srougi M, Leite KRM, Thaysen-Andersen M, Larsen MR, Palmisano G. Distinct urinary glycoprotein signatures in prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33077-33097. [PMID: 30237853 PMCID: PMC6145689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel biomarkers are needed to complement prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic screening programs. Glycoproteins represent a hitherto largely untapped resource with a great potential as specific and sensitive tumor biomarkers due to their abundance in bodily fluids and their dynamic and cancer-associated glycosylation. However, quantitative glycoproteomics strategies to detect potential glycoprotein cancer markers from complex biospecimen are only just emerging. Here, we describe a glycoproteomics strategy for deep quantitative mapping of N- and O-glycoproteins in urine with a view to investigate the diagnostic value of the glycoproteome to discriminate PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), two conditions that remain difficult to clinically stratify. Total protein extracts were obtained, concentrated and digested from urine of six PCa patients (Gleason score 7) and six BPH patients. The resulting peptide mixtures were TMT-labeled and mixed prior to a multi-faceted sample processing including hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and titanium dioxide SPE based enrichment, endo-/exoglycosidase treatment and HILIC-HPLC pre-fractionation. The isolated N- and O-glycopeptides were detected and quantified using high resolution mass spectrometry. We accurately quantified 729 N-glycoproteins spanning 1,310 unique N-glycosylation sites and observed 954 and 965 unique intact N- and O-glycopeptides, respectively, across the two disease conditions. Importantly, a panel of 56 intact N-glycopeptides perfectly discriminated PCa and BPH (ROC: AUC = 1). This study has generated a panel of intact glycopeptides that has a potential for PCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Kawahara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ortega
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Guimarães
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Quina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Nahas
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veit Schwämmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia R M Leite
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lee J, Kwon MH, Kim JA, Rhee WJ. Detection of exosome miRNAs using molecular beacons for diagnosing prostate cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S52-S63. [PMID: 30033809 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1489263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among males worldwide. However, the biomarker for diagnosing prostate cancer that is used currently has limitations that must be overcome. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that the cancer liquid biopsy can be implemented by using exosome miRNAs. However, the current methods for the detection of exosome miRNAs are time-consuming, expensive, and laborious. Thus, we investigated a novel method for diagnosing prostate cancer that involves the use of molecular beacons for the in situ detection of miRNAs in exosomes from prostate cancer cells. We chose miRNA-375 and miRNA-574-3p as the target miRNAs for prostate cancer, and these markers in exosomes produced by prostate cancer cells including DU145 and PC-3 were successfully detected using molecular beacons. High fluorescent signals were obtained from MB and miRNA hybridization in exosomes in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, exosome miRNAs can be detected even in the presence of human urine, so this method can be applied directly using human urine to perform liquid biopsies for prostate cancer. Overall, the in situ detection of exosome miRNAs using molecular beacons can be developed as a simple, cost effective, and non-invasive liquid biopsy for diagnosing prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- a Division of Bioengineering , Incheon National University , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Kwon
- a Division of Bioengineering , Incheon National University , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- b Biomedical Omics Group , Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongju , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Rhee
- a Division of Bioengineering , Incheon National University , Incheon , Republic of Korea
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Skarmoutsos A, Skarmoutsos I, Katafigiotis I, Tataki E, Giagini A, Alamanis C, Anastasiou I, Angelou A, Duvdevani M, Sitaras N, Constantinides C. Detecting Novel Urine Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Platelet Derived Growth Factor-BB as a Possible New Target. Curr Urol 2018; 12:13-19. [PMID: 30374275 DOI: 10.1159/000447225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the prostate specific antigen revolutionized the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), it has its limitations. We prospectively examined the potential use of the platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) as a urine biomarker for the early diagnosis of PCa. Materials and Methods The urine samples of 118 patients were collected after a prostatic massage and all the patients subsequently underwent ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy. PDGF-BB was detected in the urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Patients with PCa had greater levels of prostate specific antigen and PDGF-BB. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-of of PDGF-BB for the prediction of PCa was 1,504.9 with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 51.3%. For a 100 unit increase in PDGF-BB, the likelihood for PCa increased about 4%. Conclusion PDGF-BB showed a significant predictive ability for PCa. Detection of PDGF-BB in urine with Elisa was easy and improved our diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Skarmoutsos
- First University Urology Clinic Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Katafigiotis
- First University Urology Clinic Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Urology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elisavet Tataki
- First University Urology Clinic Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Giagini
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Alamanis
- First University Urology Clinic Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Anastasiou
- First University Urology Clinic Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Angelou
- First University Urology Clinic Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mordechai Duvdevani
- Department of Urology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nikolaos Sitaras
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase as possible novel urine biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Med Oncol 2018; 35:97. [PMID: 29802604 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study is to examine the possible use of HA (hyaluronic acid) and HAase (hyaluronidase) as novel urine biomarkers for the early diagnosis for prostate cancer (Pca). After a prostatic massage, the urine of 118 high-risk patients for Pca was collected, and the patients were submitted to ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy. HA and HAase were detected and analyzed with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and a statistical analysis of the urine levels of the two biomarkers according to the histology results was performed. HAase and HA were independently associated with Pca, and both HAase and HA showed significant predictive ability for prostate cancer. With an optimal cut-off point of 183.71 HAase had 70% sensitivity maintaining at the same time a 55.2% specificity, while the optimal cut-off point for HA was 50.13 with 65% sensitivity and 53.9% specificity. Patients with HAase more than 183.71 ng/ml had 3.67 times greater likelihood for prostate cancer and Patients with HA more than 50.13 ng/ml had 2.31 times greater likelihood for prostate cancer. The need of novel biomarkers that will improve the efficacy of PSA is urgent. HAase and HA showed significant predictive ability for prostate cancer and were independently associated with Pca, and greater levels were associated with greater odds for prostate cancer. To Our Knowledge, this is the first study referring to the detection of HAase and HA as potential urine biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Pca.
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Hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase as possible novel urine biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018. [PMID: 29802604 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1157-9.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study is to examine the possible use of HA (hyaluronic acid) and HAase (hyaluronidase) as novel urine biomarkers for the early diagnosis for prostate cancer (Pca). After a prostatic massage, the urine of 118 high-risk patients for Pca was collected, and the patients were submitted to ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy. HA and HAase were detected and analyzed with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and a statistical analysis of the urine levels of the two biomarkers according to the histology results was performed. HAase and HA were independently associated with Pca, and both HAase and HA showed significant predictive ability for prostate cancer. With an optimal cut-off point of 183.71 HAase had 70% sensitivity maintaining at the same time a 55.2% specificity, while the optimal cut-off point for HA was 50.13 with 65% sensitivity and 53.9% specificity. Patients with HAase more than 183.71 ng/ml had 3.67 times greater likelihood for prostate cancer and Patients with HA more than 50.13 ng/ml had 2.31 times greater likelihood for prostate cancer. The need of novel biomarkers that will improve the efficacy of PSA is urgent. HAase and HA showed significant predictive ability for prostate cancer and were independently associated with Pca, and greater levels were associated with greater odds for prostate cancer. To Our Knowledge, this is the first study referring to the detection of HAase and HA as potential urine biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Pca.
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Tian L, He Y, Zhang H, Wu Z, Li D, Zheng C. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs reveals ceRNA networks in the transformation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:882-890. [PMID: 29963159 PMCID: PMC6019896 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the malignancies with a high mortality rate. The molecular mechanisms involved in transformation of DLBCL remain unclear. Therefore, it is critically important to investigate the biological mechanisms of DLBCL. Accumulating evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve key functions in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. Compared with follicular lymphoma (FL), a total of 123 upregulated lncRNAs and 192 downregulated lncRNAs in DLBCL were identified. Subsequently, a specific DLBCL-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and a specific FL-associated ceRNA network was constructed. Gene Oncology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that differentially expressed lncRNAs served key functions in regulating signal transduction, transcription, cell adhesion, development and protein amino acid phosphorylation. Furthermore, the molecular functions of PRKCQ antisense RNA 1, HLA complex P5, OIP5 antisense RNA 1, growth arrest specific 5 and taurine upregulated 1 were investigated, and it was revealed that these lncRNAs served important functions in regulating a series of biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, response to oxidative stress and transcription. The present study may provide a potential novel therapeutic and prognostic target for the treatment of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yangyan He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ziheng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chengfei Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Truong H, Gomella LG, Thakur ML, Trabulsi EJ. VPAC1-targeted PET/CT scan: improved molecular imaging for the diagnosis of prostate cancer using a novel cell surface antigen. World J Urol 2018; 36:719-726. [PMID: 29541892 PMCID: PMC6487499 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Current approaches to prostate cancer screening and diagnosis are plagued with limitations in diagnostic accuracy. There is a compelling need for biomolecular imaging that will not only detect prostate cancer early but also distinguish prostate cancer from benign lesions accurately. In this topic paper, we review evidence that supports further investigation of VPAC1-targeted PET/CT imaging in the primary diagnosis of prostate cancer. METHODS A non-systematic review of Medline/PubMed was performed. English language guidelines on prostate cancer diagnosis and management, original articles, and review articles were selected based on their clinical relevance. RESULTS VPAC1 receptors were overexpressed 1000 times more in prostate cancer than benign prostatic stromal tissue. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that Copper-64 labeled analogs of VPAC1 ligands can be synthesized with high radiochemical efficiency and purity. The radioactive probes had excellent VPAC1 receptor binding specificity and affinity. They had good biochemical stability in vitro and in mouse and human serum. They had minimal urinary excretion, which made them favorable for prostate cancer imaging. Initial feasibility study in men with prostate cancer showed that the probes were safe with no reported adverse reaction. 64Cu-TP3805 PET/CT detected 98% of prostate cancer lesions and nodal metastasis as confirmed with whole mount histopathological evaluation. CONCLUSIONS VPAC1 receptors are promising targets for biomolecular imaging of primary prostate cancer that can distinguish malignant from benign lesions non-invasively. Further investigations are warranted to validate initial findings and define the clinical utilities of VPAC1-targeted PET imaging for prostate cancer diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Truong
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1025 Walnut St, Suite 1102, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Leonard G Gomella
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1025 Walnut St, Suite 1102, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Mathew L Thakur
- Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Edouard J Trabulsi
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1025 Walnut St, Suite 1102, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Emerging proteomics biomarkers and prostate cancer burden in Africa. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37991-38007. [PMID: 28388542 PMCID: PMC5514967 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various biomarkers have emerged via high throughput omics-based approaches for use in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of prostate cancer. Many of these have yet to be demonstrated as having value in routine clinical practice. Moreover, there is a dearth of information on validation of these emerging prostate biomarkers within African cohorts, despite the huge burden and aggressiveness of prostate cancer in men of African descent. This review focusses of the global landmark achievements in prostate cancer proteomics biomarker discovery and the potential for clinical implementation of these biomarkers in Africa. Biomarker validation processes at the preclinical, translational and clinical research level are discussed here, as are the challenges and prospects for the evaluation and use of novel proteomic prostate cancer biomarkers.
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Smits M, Mehra N, Sedelaar M, Gerritsen W, Schalken JA. Molecular biomarkers to guide precision medicine in localized prostate cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018. [PMID: 28635333 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1345627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major advances through tumor profiling technologies, that include next-generation sequencing, epigenetic, proteomic and transcriptomic methods, have been made in primary prostate cancer, providing novel biomarkers that may guide precision medicine in the near future. Areas covered: The authors provided an overview of novel molecular biomarkers in tissue, blood and urine that may be used as clinical tools to assess prognosis, improve selection criteria for active surveillance programs, and detect disease relapse early in localized prostate cancer. Expert commentary: Active surveillance (AS) in localized prostate cancer is an accepted strategy in patients with very low-risk prostate cancer. Many more patients may benefit from watchful waiting, and include patients of higher clinical stage and grade, however selection criteria have to be optimized and early recognition of transformation from localized to lethal disease has to be improved by addition of molecular biomarkers. The role of non-invasive biomarkers is challenging the need for repeat biopsies, commonly performed at 1 and 4 years in men under AS programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minke Smits
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Sedelaar
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Winald Gerritsen
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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Druskin SC, Tosoian JJ, Young A, Collica S, Srivastava A, Ghabili K, Macura KJ, Carter HB, Partin AW, Sokoll LJ, Ross AE, Pavlovich CP. Combining Prostate Health Index density, magnetic resonance imaging and prior negative biopsy status to improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. BJU Int 2018; 121:619-626. [PMID: 29232037 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the performance of Prostate Health Index (PHI) density (PHID) combined with MRI and prior negative biopsy (PNB) status for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients without a prior diagnosis of PCa, with elevated prostate-specific antigen and a normal digital rectal examination who underwent PHI testing prospectively prior to prostate biopsy were included in this study. PHID was calculated retrospectively using prostate volume derived from transrectal ultrasonography at biopsy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression modelling, along with receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, was used to determine the ability of serum biomarkers to predict clinically significant PCa (defined as either grade group [GG] ≥2 disease or GG1 PCa detected in >2 cores or >50% of any one core) on biopsy. Age, PNB status and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score were incorporated into the regression models. RESULTS Of the 241 men who qualified for the study, 91 (37.8%) had clinically significant PCa on biopsy. The median (interquartile range) PHID was 0.74 (0.44-1.24); it was 1.18 (0.77-1.83) and 0.55 (0.38-0.89) in those with and without clinically significant PCa on biopsy, respectively (P < 0.001). On univariable logistic regression, age and PNB status were associated with clinically significant cancer. Of the tested biomarkers, PHID demonstrated the highest discriminative ability for clinically significant disease (area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.78 for the univariable model). That continued to be the case in multivariable logistic regression models incorporating age and PNB status (AUC 0.82). At a threshold of 0.44, representing the 25th percentile of PHID in the cohort, PHID was 92.3% sensitive and 35.3% specific for clinically significant PCa; the sensitivity and specificity were 93.0% and 32.4% and 97.4% and 29.1% for GG ≥2 and GG ≥3 disease, respectively. In the 104 men who underwent MRI, PI-RADS score was complementary to PHID, with a PI-RADS score ≥3 or, if PI-RADS score ≤2, a PHID ≥0.44, detecting 100% of clinically significant disease. For that subgroup, of the biomarkers tested, PHID (AUC 0.90) demonstrated the highest discriminative ability for clinically significant disease on multivariable logistic regression incorporating age, PNB status and PI-RADS score. CONCLUSIONS In this contemporary cohort of men undergoing prostate biopsy for the diagnosis of PCa, PHID outperformed PHI and other PSA derivatives in the diagnosis of clinically significant cancer. Incorporating age, PNB status and PI-RADS score led to even further gains in the diagnostic performance of PHID. Furthermore, PI-RADS score was found to be complementary to PHID. Using 0.44 as a threshold for PHID, 35.3% of unnecessary biopsies could have been avoided at the cost of missing 7.7% of clinically significant cancers. Despite these encouraging results, prospective validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha C Druskin
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Tosoian
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allen Young
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Collica
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arnav Srivastava
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kamyar Ghabili
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katarzyna J Macura
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Ballentine Carter
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan W Partin
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lori J Sokoll
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley E Ross
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian P Pavlovich
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Xu T, Du XW, Hu JB, Zhu YF, Wu HL, Dai GP, Shu YM, Ouyang J. Anticancer effect of miR-96 inhibitor in bladder cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3814-3819. [PMID: 29467898 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-96 (miR-96) in the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of bladder cancer cell lines, and the associated mechanisms. The expression of miR-96 and human ether-à-go-go-related (HERG1) potassium channel in the normal uroepithelium SV-HUC-1 cell line, and bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cell lines were examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or/and western blotting. Transfection with miR-96 inhibitor or scrambled control (SC) was used to study the biological activities of miR-96 in bladder cancer cell lines. MTT, flow cytometric and Transwell assays were applied to detect cell viability, apoptosis and invasion, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to determine the association between miR-96 and HERG1 expression. As demonstrated, miR-96 was highly expressed in the two bladder cancer cell lines, particularly in T24 cells. Following transfection with miR-96 inhibitor, miR-96 expression was significantly reduced in the T24 cell line, compared with SC. The miR-96 inhibitor suppressed cell proliferation and invasion, promoted apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. Consistently, HERG1 was also highly expressed in the two bladder cancer cell lines at the mRNA and protein level, but not in the normal uroepithelium cell line. The miR-96 inhibitor also significantly decreased HERG1 expression compared with SC. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-96 directly targeted wild-type HERG1. In conclusion, miR-96 inhibitor exhibited anticancer effects on bladder cancer cells by inhibiting proliferation and invasion of cells, and promoting their apoptosis. HERG1 was an important target of miR-96. These results provided experimental evidence supporting miR-96 as a therapeutic target for patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wen Du
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Biao Hu
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Feng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ling Wu
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ping Dai
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Min Shu
- Department of Urology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Adeola HA, Smith M, Kaestner L, Blackburn JM, Zerbini LF. Novel potential serological prostate cancer biomarkers using CT100+ cancer antigen microarray platform in a multi-cultural South African cohort. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13945-64. [PMID: 26885621 PMCID: PMC4924690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for high throughput diagnostic tools for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of prostate cancer (PCa) in Africa. The role of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) in PCa in men of African descent is poorly researched. Hence, we aimed to elucidate the role of 123 Tumour Associated Antigens (TAAs) using antigen microarray platform in blood samples (N = 67) from a South African PCa, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and disease control (DC) cohort. Linear (fold-over-cutoff) and differential expression quantitation of autoantibody signal intensities were performed. Molecular signatures of candidate PCa antigen biomarkers were identified and analyzed for ethnic group variation. Potential cancer diagnostic and immunotherapeutic inferences were drawn. We identified a total of 41 potential diagnostic/therapeutic antigen biomarkers for PCa. By linear quantitation, four antigens, GAGE1, ROPN1, SPANXA1 and PRKCZ were found to have higher autoantibody titres in PCa serum as compared with BPH where MAGEB1 and PRKCZ were highly expressed. Also, p53 S15A and p53 S46A were found highly expressed in the disease control group. Statistical analysis by differential expression revealed twenty-four antigens as upregulated in PCa samples, while 11 were downregulated in comparison to BPH and DC (FDR = 0.01). FGFR2, COL6A1and CALM1 were verifiable biomarkers of PCa analysis using urinary shotgun proteomics. Functional pathway annotation of identified biomarkers revealed similar enrichment both at genomic and proteomic level and ethnic variations were observed. Cancer antigen arrays are emerging useful in potential diagnostic and immunotherapeutic antigen biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Adeola
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muneerah Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa Kaestner
- Urology Department, Grootes Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Luiz F Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Muñoz D, Serrano MK, Hernandez ME, Haller R, Swanson T, Slaton JW, Sinha AA, Wilson MJ. Matrix metalloproteinase and heparin-stimulated serine proteinase activities in post-prostate massage urine of men with prostate cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:300-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Martignano F, Rossi L, Maugeri A, Gallà V, Conteduca V, De Giorgi U, Casadio V, Schepisi G. Urinary RNA-based biomarkers for prostate cancer detection. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 473:96-105. [PMID: 28807541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the commonest malignancy in the male population worldwide. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is the most important biomarker for the detection, follow-up and therapeutic monitoring of PCa. Defects in PSA specificity have elicited research for new biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and avoid false-positive results. This review evaluates urinary RNA-based biomarkers. Urine is a versatile body fluid for non-invasive biomarker detection in case of urological malignancies. The importance of RNA-based biomarkers has been demonstrated by the current use of PCA3, a long non coding RNA biomarker already approved by the Food and Drugs Administration. Through the years, other urinary RNA biomarkers have been evaluated, including the well-known TMPRSS2:ERG transcript, as well as many messenger RNAs, long non coding RNAs and micro-RNA. Validation of a specific urinary RNA-based marker or an algorithm of different biomarkers levels as diagnostic markers for PCa could be useful to avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Martignano
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Lorena Rossi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Antonio Maugeri
- Oncology Pharmacy Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Valentina Gallà
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy; University of Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Valentina Casadio
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy
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Barrabés S, Llop E, Ferrer-Batallé M, Ramírez M, Aleixandre RN, Perry AS, de Llorens R, Peracaula R. Analysis of urinary PSA glycosylation is not indicative of high-risk prostate cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 470:97-102. [PMID: 28495148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The levels of core fucosylation and α2,3-linked sialic acid in serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), using the lectins Pholiota squarrosa lectin (PhoSL) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), can discriminate between Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and indolent prostate cancer (PCa) from aggressive PCa. In the present work we evaluated whether these glycosylation determinants could also be altered in urinary PSA obtained after digital rectal examination (DRE) and could also be useful for diagnosis determinations. For this purpose, α2,6-sialic acid and α1,6-fucose levels of urinary PSA from 53 patients, 18 biopsy-negative and 35 PCa patients of different aggressiveness degree, were analyzed by sandwich ELLA (Enzyme Linked Lectin Assay) using PhoSL and SNA. Changes in the levels of specific glycosylation determinants, that in serum PSA samples were indicative of PCa aggressiveness, were not found in PSA from DRE urine samples. Although urine is a simpler matrix for analyzing PSA glycosylation compared to serum, an immunopurification step was necessary to specifically detect the glycans on the PSA molecule. Those specific glycosylation determinants on urinary PSA were however not useful to improve PCa diagnosis. This could be probably due to the low proportion of PSA from the tumor in urine samples, which precludes the identification of aberrantly glycosylated PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Barrabés
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. J. Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Esther Llop
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. J. Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ferrer-Batallé
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. J. Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Manel Ramírez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. J. Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain; Clinic Laboratory, Dr. J. Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Rosa N Aleixandre
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. J. Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain; Clinic Laboratory, Dr. J. Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rafael de Llorens
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. J. Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. J. Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain.
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48
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Vermassen T, D'Herde K, Jacobus D, Van Praet C, Poelaert F, Lumen N, Callewaert N, Decaestecker K, Villeirs G, Hoebeke P, Van Belle S, Rottey S, Delanghe J. Release of urinary extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer is associated with altered urinary N-glycosylation profile. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:838-846. [PMID: 28360190 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Nowadays, extracellular vesicles are of great interest in prostate cancer (PCa) research. Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation could play a significant role in the pathological mechanism of these vesicles. We investigated if prostatic protein N-glycosylation profiles were related to urinary vesicle-associated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) extractability and if this parameter showed diagnostic potential for PCa. METHODS Urinary extracellular vesicles were visualised using transmission electron microscopy. Urinary extracellular vesicles extraction by means of n-butanol allowed determination of urinary vesicle-associated PSA extractability. Diagnostic value was assessed between benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; n=122) and patients with PCa (n=85). Additionally, correlation with urine N-glycosylation was assessed. RESULTS Urinary extracellular vesicles with a diameter of approximately 100 nm were more abundantly present in urine of patients with PCa versus patients with BPH resulting in a higher vesicle-associated PSA extraction ratio (p<0.001). Next, vesicle-associated PSA extraction ratio was correlated to biantennary core-fucosylation (p=0.003). Finally, vesicle-associated PSA extraction ratio proved beneficial in PCa diagnosis, next to serum PSA and the urinary glycosylation marker (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS The urinary vesicle-associated PSA extraction ratio is increased in PCa which is a direct result of the abundant presence of extracellular vesicles in urine of patients with PCa. The urinary vesicle-associated PSA extraction ratio was associated with changes in N-glycoforms and showed diagnostic potential. Further research is warranted to unravel the pathological link between N-glycosylation and extracellular vesicles in cancer, as well as to assess the prognostic value of this biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijl Vermassen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katharina D'Herde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Jacobus
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Filip Poelaert
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicolaas Lumen
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Geert Villeirs
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Hoebeke
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Van Belle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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49
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Tanase CP, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Mihai S, Enciu AM, Necula LG, Preda A, Ismail G, Albulescu R. Prostate cancer proteomics: Current trends and future perspectives for biomarker discovery. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18497-18512. [PMID: 28061466 PMCID: PMC5392345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical and fundamental research in prostate cancer - the most common urological cancer in men - is currently entering the proteomic and genomic era. The focus has switched from one single marker (PSA) to panels of biomarkers (including proteins involved in ribosomal function and heat shock proteins). Novel genetic markers (such as Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)-ERG fusion gene mRNA) or prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) had already entered the clinical practice, raising the question whether subsequent protein changes impact the evolution of the disease and the response to treatment. Proteomic technologies such as MALDI-MS, SELDI-MS, i-TRAQ allow a qualitative/quantitative analysis of the proteome variations, in both serum and tumor tissue. A new trend in prostate cancer research is proteomic analysis of prostasomes (prostate-specific exosomes), for the discovery of new biomarkers. This paper provides an update of novel clinical tests used in research and clinical diagnostic, as well as of potential tissue or fluid biomarkers provided by extensive proteomic research data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pistol Tanase
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Titu Maiorescu University, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Codrici
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Mihai
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Georgiana Necula
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Preda
- Center for Uronephrology and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gener Ismail
- Center of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Albulescu
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D, Bucharest, Romania
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50
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Wyatt AW, Azad AA, Volik SV, Annala M, Beja K, McConeghy B, Haegert A, Warner EW, Mo F, Brahmbhatt S, Shukin R, Le Bihan S, Gleave ME, Nykter M, Collins CC, Chi KN. Genomic Alterations in Cell-Free DNA and Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. JAMA Oncol 2017; 2:1598-1606. [PMID: 27148695 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance The molecular landscape underpinning response to the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is undefined. Consequently, there is an urgent need for practical biomarkers to guide therapy selection and elucidate resistance. Although tissue biopsies are impractical to perform routinely in the majority of patients with mCRPC, the analysis of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has recently emerged as a minimally invasive method to explore tumor characteristics. Objective To reveal genomic characteristics from cfDNA associated with clinical outcomes during enzalutamide treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants Plasma samples were obtained from August 4, 2013, to July 31, 2015, at a single academic institution (British Columbia Cancer Agency) from 65 patients with mCRPC. We collected temporal plasma samples (at baseline, 12 weeks, end of treatment) for circulating cfDNA and performed array comparative genomic hybridization copy number profiling and deep AR gene sequencing. Samples collected at end of treatment were also subjected to targeted sequencing of 19 prostate cancer-associated genes. Exposure Enzalutamide, 160 mg, daily orally. Main Outcomes and Measures Prostate-specific antigen response rate (decline ≥50% from baseline confirmed ≥3 weeks later). Radiographic (as per Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 Criteria) and/or clinical progression (defined as worsening disease-related symptoms necessitating a change in anticancer therapy and/or deterioration in Eastern Cooperative Group performance status ≥2 levels). Results The 65 patients had a median (interquartile range) age of 74 (68-79) years. Prostate-specific antigen response rate to enzalutamide treatment was 38% (25 of 65), while median clinical/radiographic progression-free survival was 3.5 (95% CI, 2.1-5.0) months. Cell-free DNA was isolated from 122 of 125 plasma samples, and targeted sequencing was successful in 119 of 122. AR mutations and/or copy number alterations were robustly detected in 48% (31 of 65) and 60% (18 of 30) of baseline and progression samples, respectively. Detection of AR amplification, heavily mutated AR (≥2 mutations), and RB1 loss were associated with worse progression-free survival, with hazard ratios of 2.92 (95% CI, 1.59-5.37), 3.94 (95% CI, 1.46-10.64), and 4.46 (95% CI, 2.28-8.74), respectively. AR mutations exhibited clonal selection during treatment, including an increase in glucocorticoid-sensitive AR L702H and promiscuous AR T878A in patients with prior abiraterone treatment. At the time of progression, cfDNA sequencing revealed mutations or copy number changes in all patients tested, including clinically actionable alterations in DNA damage repair genes and PI3K pathway genes, and a high frequency (4 of 14) of activating CTNNB1 mutations. Conclusions and Relevance Clinically informative genomic profiling of cfDNA was feasible in nearly all patients with mCRPC and can provide important insights into enzalutamide response and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arun A Azad
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada3School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stanislav V Volik
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matti Annala
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kevin Beja
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian McConeghy
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Haegert
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Evan W Warner
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fan Mo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sonal Brahmbhatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Shukin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephane Le Bihan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matti Nykter
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Colin C Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim N Chi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada2Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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