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Numao S, Uchida R, Kurosaki T, Nakagaichi M. Carbohydrate ingestion does not suppress increases in fatty acid-binding protein 4 concentrations post-acute aerobic exercise in healthy men: a randomized crossover study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:63. [PMID: 38438929 PMCID: PMC10913278 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Acute aerobic exercise increases circulating FABP4 concentrations, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibition of lipolysis by carbohydrate ingestion on circulating FABP4 concentrations during and after acute aerobic exercise in healthy men. METHODS Men aged between 20 and 40, with no exercise habits and no metabolic diseases, were recruited. In a randomized crossover design, the participants underwent a carbohydrate-ingestion exercise (CE) and a fasted exercise (FE) trial. The CE trial consisted of 40-min acute aerobic exercise with ingestion of carbohydrates and 60-min bed rest. The FE trial followed the same protocol as the CE trial but without carbohydrate ingestion. Venous blood samples were collected to measure hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and insulin) metabolites (glycerol, free fatty acids, and glucose), and FABP4 concentrations. Ventilation and gas exchange were also collected to measure substrate oxidation. RESULTS Thirteen healthy men participated in and completed both the CE and FE trials. The insulin concentration was more than 4 times higher in the CE trial than in the FE trial (p < 0.004, effect size [ES] > 2.00). Free fatty acid concentrations were more than 4 times lower in the CE trial than in the FE trial (p < 0.02, ES > 2.04). However, there was no significant difference in the changes in circulating FABP4 concentrations between the CE and FE trials (p = 0.108), which did not change during aerobic exercise and significantly increased post-aerobic exercise in both trials (p < 0.002, ES > 1.212). Changes in FABP4 concentrations following aerobic exercise were not significantly correlated with changes in glycerol or free fatty acid concentrations during aerobic exercise. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that suppression of lipolysis and elevation of insulin are not strongly involved in increases in FABP4 secretion following acute aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Numao
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, 891-2393, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Ryota Uchida
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, 891-2393, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurosaki
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, 891-2393, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakagaichi
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, 891-2393, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
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2
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Ponticelli M, Lela L, Moles M, Mangieri C, Bisaccia D, Faraone I, Falabella R, Milella L. The healing bitterness of Gentiana lutea L., phytochemistry and biological activities: A systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113518. [PMID: 36423749 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over many years, natural products have been a source of healing agents and have exhibited beneficial uses for treating human diseases. The Gentiana genus is the biggest genus in the Gentianaceae, with over 400 species distributed mainly in alpine zones of temperate countries around the world. Plants in the Gentiana genus have historically been used to treat a wide range of diseases. Still, only in the last years has particular attention been paid to the biological activities of Gentiana lutea Linn., also known as yellow Gentian or bitterwort. Several in vitro/vivo investigations and human interventional trials have demonstrated the promising activity of G. lutea extracts against oxidative stress, microbial infections, inflammation, obesity, atherosclerosis, etc.. A systematic approach was performed using Pubmed and Scopus databases to update G. lutea chemistry and activity. Specifically, this systematic review synthesized the major specialized bitter metabolites and the biological activity data obtained from different cell lines, animal models, and human interventional trials. This review aims to the exaltation of G. lutea as a source of bioactive compounds that can prevent and treat several human illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell'ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Ludovica Lela
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell'ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Mariapia Moles
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell'ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Claudia Mangieri
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell'ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Bisaccia
- Italian National Research Council-Water Research Institute, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123, Bari, Italy
| | - Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell'ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy; Spinoff Bioactiplant Srl Viale Dell'ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Roberto Falabella
- Urology Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Via Potito Petrone, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell'ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
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3
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Bhat A, Abu R, Jagadesan S, Vellichirammal NN, Pendyala VV, Yu L, Rudebush TL, Guda C, Zucker IH, Kumar V, Gao L. Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Novel Nrf2-Mediated Adaptative Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle Following Exercise Training. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:151. [PMID: 36671013 PMCID: PMC9854705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (ExT) improves skeletal muscle health via multiple adaptative pathways. Nrf2 is a principal antioxidant transcription factor responsible for maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis. In this study, we hypothesized that Nrf2 is essential for adaptative responses to ExT and thus beneficial for muscle. Experiments were carried out on male wild type (WT) and iMS-Nrf2flox/flox inducible muscle-specific Nrf2 (KO) mice, which were randomly assigned to serve as sedentary controls (Sed) or underwent 3 weeks of treadmill ExT thus generating four groups: WT-Sed, WT-ExT, KO-Sed, and KO-ExT groups. Mice were examined for exercise performance and in situ tibialis anterior (TA) contractility, followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and bioinformatics to identify differentially expressed proteins and signaling pathways. We found that maximal running distance was significantly longer in the WT-ExT group compared to the WT-Sed group, whereas this capacity was impaired in KO-ExT mice. Force generation and fatigue tolerance of the TA were enhanced in WT-ExT, but reduced in KO-ExT, compared to Sed controls. Proteomic analysis further revealed that ExT upregulated 576 proteins in WT but downregulated 207 proteins in KO mice. These proteins represent pathways in redox homeostasis, mitochondrial respiration, and proteomic adaptation of muscle to ExT. In summary, our data suggest a critical role of Nrf2 in the beneficial effects of SkM and adaptation to ExT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bhat
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rafay Abu
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Ved Vasishtha Pendyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tara L. Rudebush
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Irving H. Zucker
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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4
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A-FABP in Metabolic Diseases and the Therapeutic Implications: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179386. [PMID: 34502295 PMCID: PMC8456319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), which is also known as ap2 or FABP4, is a fatty acid chaperone that has been further defined as a fat-derived hormone. It regulates lipid homeostasis and is a key mediator of inflammation. Circulating levels of A-FABP are closely associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic diseases with imminent diagnostic and prognostic significance. Numerous animal studies have elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms involving A-FABP in these diseases. Recent studies demonstrated its physiological role in the regulation of adaptive thermogenesis and its pathological roles in ischemic stroke and liver fibrosis. Due to its implication in various diseases, A-FABP has become a promising target for the development of small molecule inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies for disease treatment. This review summarizes the clinical and animal findings of A-FABP in the pathogenesis of cardio-metabolic diseases in recent years. The underlying mechanism and its therapeutic implications are also highlighted.
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5
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Hoel F, Hoel A, Pettersen IK, Rekeland IG, Risa K, Alme K, Sørland K, Fosså A, Lien K, Herder I, Thürmer HL, Gotaas ME, Schäfer C, Berge RK, Sommerfelt K, Marti HP, Dahl O, Mella O, Fluge Ø, Tronstad KJ. A map of metabolic phenotypes in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149217. [PMID: 34423789 PMCID: PMC8409979 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease usually presenting after infection. Emerging evidence supports that energy metabolism is affected in ME/CFS, but a unifying metabolic phenotype has not been firmly established. We performed global metabolomics, lipidomics, and hormone measurements, and we used exploratory data analyses to compare serum from 83 patients with ME/CFS and 35 healthy controls. Some changes were common in the patient group, and these were compatible with effects of elevated energy strain and altered utilization of fatty acids and amino acids as catabolic fuels. In addition, a set of heterogeneous effects reflected specific changes in 3 subsets of patients, and 2 of these expressed characteristic contexts of deregulated energy metabolism. The biological relevance of these metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) was supported by clinical data and independent blood analyses. In summary, we report a map of common and context-dependent metabolic changes in ME/CFS, and some of them presented possible associations with clinical patient profiles. We suggest that elevated energy strain may result from exertion-triggered tissue hypoxia and lead to systemic metabolic adaptation and compensation. Through various mechanisms, such metabolic dysfunction represents a likely mediator of key symptoms in ME/CFS and possibly a target for supportive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - August Hoel
- Department of Biomedicine and.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid G Rekeland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Risa
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kine Alme
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Sørland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Fosså
- Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,KJ Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarina Lien
- CFS/ME Center, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Herder
- CFS/ME Center, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Merete E Gotaas
- Department of Pain and Complex Disorders, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christoph Schäfer
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristian Sommerfelt
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Dahl
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Mella
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Fluge
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Numao S, Uchida R, Kurosaki T, Nakagaichi M. Differences in circulating fatty acid-binding protein 4 concentration in the venous and capillary blood immediately after acute exercise. J Physiol Anthropol 2021; 40:5. [PMID: 33568227 PMCID: PMC7876805 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a marker for various diseases. It would be highly useful to have simple and less invasive techniques for the assessment of FABP4 concentrations in the clinical research setting. The purpose of the present study was to assess the concordance of circulating FABP4 concentrations in venous and capillary blood both at rest and immediately after acute exercise in healthy young males. Results Thirty-eight healthy young male adults aged from 19 to 25 years (mean age, 20.8 ± 1.2 years) were recruited. Paired blood samples were taken from the cubital vein (venous) and fingertip (capillary) blood at rest (resting state) and immediately after incremental exercise (exercising state). Blood samples were analyzed to determine the circulating FABP4 concentration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for circulating FABP4 concentrations between venous and capillary blood samples indicated a strong positive correlation in both the resting and exercising state (resting state: r = 0.982, exercising state: r = 0.989, both p < 0.001). The mean FABP4 concentration was similar between venous and capillary blood in the resting state (p = 0.178), whereas it was significantly higher in capillary blood than in venous blood in the exercising state (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Bland–Altman plots showed a non-significant bias (− 0.07 ± 0.61 ng/mL, p = 0.453) in the resting state, whereas a significant bias (− 0.45 ± 0.61 ng/mL, p < 0.001) was observed in the exercising state. Conclusions These results indicate that capillary blood sampling can slightly overestimate circulating FABP4 concentrations under a physiologically dynamic state. However, the association between the venous and capillary blood in terms of FABP4 concentration was very strong, suggesting that capillary blood sampling can detect changes in FABP4 concentration in both physiologically steady and dynamic states. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40101-021-00255-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Numao
- Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan.
| | - Ryota Uchida
- Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurosaki
- Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakagaichi
- Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
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7
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Mahmood Z, Davidsson A, Olsson E, Leanderson P, Lundberg AK, Jonasson L. The effect of acute exercise on interleukin-6 and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses in patients with coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21390. [PMID: 33288784 PMCID: PMC7721799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerability to stress-induced inflammation has been linked to a dysfunctional hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In the present study, patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were assessed with respect to inflammatory and HPA axis response to acute physical exercise. An exercise stress test was combined with SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. Plasma and saliva samples were collected before and 30 min after exercise. Interleukin (IL)-6 and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were measured in plasma, while cortisol was measured in both plasma and saliva. In total, 124 patients were included of whom 29% had a prior history of CAD and/or a myocardial perfusion deficit. The levels of exercise intensity and duration were comparable in CAD and non-CAD patients. However, in CAD patients, IL-6 increased after exercise (p = 0.019) while no differences were seen in HPA axis variables. Conversely, patients without CAD exhibited increased levels of ACTH (p = 0.003) and cortisol (p = 0.004 in plasma, p = 0.006 in saliva), but no change in IL-6. We conclude that the IL-6 response to acute physical exercise is exaggerated in CAD patients and may be out of balance due to HPA axis hypoactivity. It remains to be further investigated whether this imbalance is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeid Mahmood
- Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anette Davidsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Olsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Leanderson
- Unit of Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna K Lundberg
- Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Jonasson
- Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
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8
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Harada T, Sunaga H, Sorimachi H, Yoshida K, Kato T, Kurosawa K, Nagasaka T, Koitabashi N, Iso T, Kurabayashi M, Obokata M. Pathophysiological role of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in Asian patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:4256-4266. [PMID: 33140584 PMCID: PMC7754991 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Systemic metabolic impairment is the key pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4) is highly expressed in adipocytes and secreted in response to lipolytic signals. We hypothesized that circulating FABP4 levels would be elevated in patients with HFpEF, would correlate with cardiac structural and functional abnormalities, and could predict clinical outcomes. Methods and results Serum FABP4 measurements and echocardiography were performed in patients with HFpEF (n = 92) and those with coronary artery disease free of HF (n = 20). Patients were prospectively followed‐up for a composite endpoint of all‐cause mortality or HF hospitalization. Compared with patients with coronary artery disease, those with HFpEF had higher FABP4 levels [12.5 (9.1–21.0) vs. 43.5 (24.6–77.4) ng/mL, P < 0.0001]. FABP4 levels were associated with cardiac remodelling (left ventricular mass index: r = 0.29, P = 0.002; left atrial volume index: r = 0.40, P < 0.0001), left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction (global longitudinal strain: r = −0.24, P = 0.01; E/e′ ratio: r = 0.29, P = 0.002; and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide: r = 0.62, P < 0.0001), and right ventricular dysfunction (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion: r = −0.43, P < 0.0001). During a median follow‐up of 9.1 months, there were 28 primary endpoints in the HFpEF cohort. Event‐free survival was significantly decreased in patients with FABP4 levels ≥43.5 ng/mL than in those with FABP4 levels <43.5 ng/mL (P = 0.003). Conclusions Serum FABP4 levels were increased in HFpEF and were associated with cardiac remodelling and dysfunction, and poor outcomes. Thus, FABP4 could be a potential biomarker in the complex pathophysiology of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Centre for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ashikaga University, Ashikaga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kuniko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Koji Kurosawa
- Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norimichi Koitabashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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9
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Tu G, Dai C, Qu H, Wang Y, Liao B. Role of exercise and rapamycin on the expression of energy metabolism genes in liver tissues of rats fed a high‑fat diet. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2932-2940. [PMID: 32945385 PMCID: PMC7453655 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTOR pathway serves an important role in the development of insulin resistance induced by obesity. Exercise improves obesity-associated insulin resistance and hepatic energy metabolism; however, the precise mechanism of this process remains unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, on exercise-induced expression of hepatic energy metabolism genes in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). A total of 30 male rats were divided into the following groups: Normal group (n=6) fed chow diets and HFD group (n=24) fed an HFD for 6 weeks. The HFD rats performed exercise adaptation for 1 week and were randomly divided into the four following groups (each containing six rats): i) Group of HFD rats with sedentary (H group); ii) group of HFD rats with exercise (HE group); iii) group of HFD rats with rapamycin (HR group); and iv) group of HFD rats with exercise and rapamycin (HER group). Both HE and HER rats were placed on incremental treadmill training for 4 weeks (from week 8–11). Both HR and HER rats were injected with rapamycin intraperitoneally at the dose of 2 mg/kg once a day for 2 weeks (from week 10–11). All rats were sacrificed following a 12–16 h fasting period at the end of week 11. The levels of mitochondrial and oxidative enzyme activities, as well as of the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism were assessed in liver tissues. Biochemical assays and oil red staining were used to assess the content of hepatic triglycerides (TGs). The results indicated that exercise, but not rapamycin, reduced TG content in the liver of HFD rats. Further analysis indicated that rapamycin reduced the activity of cytochrome c oxidase, but not the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase in the liver of HFD rats. Exercise significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 β, while rapamycin exhibited no effect on the mRNA expression levels of hepatic transcription factors associated with energy metabolism enzymes in the liver of HFD rats. Collectively, the results indicated that exercise reduced TG content and upregulated mitochondrial metabolic gene expression in the liver of HFD rats. Moreover, this mechanism may not involve the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghong Tu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Dai
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Haofei Qu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhen Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Bagen Liao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
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10
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Saghebjoo M, Kargar-Akbariyeh N, Mohammadnia-Ahmadi M, Saffari I. How to exercise to increase lipolysis and insulin sensitivity: Fasting or following a single high-protein breakfast. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:625-633. [PMID: 32043347 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the lipolysis response and insulin sensitivity to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) upon fasting (HIIEFAST) and following the intake of a high-protein breakfast (HIIEHPFED). METHODS Overweight men participated in two sessions of HIIE after an overnight fast and post-HPFED with an interval of one week. Metabolic biomarkers were assessed before, immediately after, and 3h postexercise. To evaluate the metabolic effects of HIIE, two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used. RESULTS Glycerol levels increased immediately after HIIEFAST and HIIEHPFED (P=0.0001) and decreased 3h after exercise in both states (P=0.001). There were no significant changes in free fatty acid (FFA) levels immediately after exercise, but a significant increase was observed 3h after exercise compared to the baseline and immediately after exercise in HIIEFAST and HIIEHPFED (P=0.0001). Insulin sensitivity was increased for 3h after HIIEHPFED compared to the baseline and immediately after exercise (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that fasting during exercise is not necessary for the greater stimulation of lipolysis and an increase in insulin sensitivity and that exercise following a high-protein breakfast can have a similar effect in overweight young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Saghebjoo
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran -
| | - Nasrin Kargar-Akbariyeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Iman Saffari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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11
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Numao S, Nagasawa Y, Goromaru N, Tamaki S. Comparison of plasma fatty acid binding protein 4 concentration in venous and capillary blood. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226374. [PMID: 31826012 PMCID: PMC6905543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is associated with various diseases and simple and less invasive techniques for assessment of FABP4 concentration are required in clinical research setting. The purpose of the present study was to assess the correlation of plasma FABP4 concentration between venous and capillary blood in healthy young adults. Twenty-eight healthy young adults aged from 20 to 26 years (mean age, 22.2 ± 1.4 years, 14 males and 14 females) were included. Paired resting blood samples were taken from the cubital vein (venous) and fingertip (capillary) blood. Plasma FABP4 concentration in both blood was analyzed by enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay. Plasma FABP4 concentration did not differ significantly between venous and capillary blood (−0.11± 0.75 ng/mL, p = 0.447, 95%CI: -0.402–0.182). Pearson’s correlation coefficient for plasma FABP4 concentration between venous and capillary blood samples suggests strong correlation (r = 0.961, p < 0.001). The Bland & Altman plot showed a non-significant bias (−0.11 ± 0.75 ng/mL, p = 0.684) and the 95% limits of agreement ranged from −1.59 to 1.37 ng/mL. FABP4 concentration in both venous and capillary blood was significantly higher in females than in males (venous blood: p = 0.041; capillary blood: p = 0.049). These results suggest that capillary blood sampling can detect gender difference and is useful for the assessment of FABP4 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Numao
- Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshinori Nagasawa
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Sunaga H, Koitabashi N, Iso T, Matsui H, Obokata M, Kawakami R, Murakami M, Yokoyama T, Kurabayashi M. Activation of cardiac AMPK-FGF21 feed-forward loop in acute myocardial infarction: Role of adrenergic overdrive and lipolysis byproducts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11841. [PMID: 31413360 PMCID: PMC6694166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic hormone having anti-oxidative and anti-hypertrophic effects. However, the regulation of FGF21 expression during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. We tested blood samples from 50 patients with AMI and 43 patients with stable angina pectoris (sAP) for FGF21, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), a protein secreted from adipocytes in response to adrenergic lipolytic signal, and total and individual fatty acids. Compared with sAP patients, AMI patients had higher serum FGF21 levels on admission, which were significantly correlated with peak FABP4 and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) but not with peak levels of cardiac troponin T. In mice, myocardial ischemia rapidly induced FGF21 production by the heart, which accompanied activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway. Like AICAR, an activator of AMPK, catecholamines (norepinephrine and isoproterenol) and SFAs (palmitate and stearate) significantly increased FGF21 production and release by cardiac myocytes via AMPK activation. Recombinant FGF21 induced its own expression as well as members of down-stream targets of AMPK involved in metabolic homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac myocytes. These findings suggest that adrenergic overdrive and resultant adipose tissue lipolysis induce cardiac AMPK-FGF21 feed-forward loop that potentially provides cardioprotection against ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Sunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norimichi Koitabashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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13
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Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), a family of lipid chaperones, contribute to systemic metabolic regulation via several lipid signaling pathways. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), known as adipocyte FABP (A-FABP) or aP2, is mainly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages and plays important roles in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in relation to metabolically driven low-grade and chronic inflammation, referred to as ‘metaflammation’. FABP4 is secreted from adipocytes in a non-classical pathway associated with lipolysis and acts as an adipokine for the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Circulating FABP4 levels are associated with several aspects of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Ectopic expression and function of FABP4 in cells and tissues are also related to the pathogenesis of several diseases. Pharmacological modification of FABP4 function by specific inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies or antagonists of unidentified receptors would be novel therapeutic strategies for several diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Significant roles of FABP4 as a lipid chaperone in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and the possibility of FABP4 being a therapeutic target for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
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14
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Shrestha S, Sunaga H, Hanaoka H, Yamaguchi A, Kuwahara S, Umbarawan Y, Nakajima K, Machida T, Murakami M, Saito A, Tsushima Y, Kurabayashi M, Iso T. Circulating FABP4 is eliminated by the kidney via glomerular filtration followed by megalin-mediated reabsorption. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16451. [PMID: 30401801 PMCID: PMC6219568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), secreted from adipocytes, is a potential biomarker for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Circulating FABP4 levels are positively associated with adiposity and adrenergic stimulation, but negatively with renal function. In this study, we addressed the issue of how the kidney regulates clearance of circulating FABP4. Tracing study revealed remarkable accumulation of 125I-labeled FABP4 in the kidney. Exogenous FABP4 was exclusively detected in the apical membrane of proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). Bilateral nephrectomy resulted in marked elevation of circulating FABP4 levels. Accelerated lipolysis by β-3 adrenergic stimulation led to a marked elevation in circulating FABP4 in mice with severe renal dysfunction. Megalin, an endocytic receptor expressed in PTECs, plays a major role in reabsorption of proteins filtered through glomeruli. Quartz-crystal microbalance study revealed that FABP4 binds to megalin. In kidney-specific megalin knockout mice, a large amount of FABP4 was excreted in urine while circulating FABP4 levels were significantly reduced. Our data suggest that circulating FABP4 is processed by the kidney via the glomerular filtration followed by megalin-mediated reabsorption. Thus, it is likely that circulating FABP4 levels are determined mainly by balance between secretion rate of FABP4 from adipocytes and clearance rate of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Shrestha
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Aiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shoji Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yogi Umbarawan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Kiyomi Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Machida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saito
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Program for obesity-related cardiovascular disease, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Signaling, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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Antiadipogenic Effects of Loganic Acid in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Ovariectomized Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071663. [PMID: 29987205 PMCID: PMC6100558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is caused by an excess storage of body fat, resulting from a chronic imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Gentiana lutea L. (GL) root has been reported to reduce lipid accumulation in the aortic wall of diabetic rats. Here, we performed fractionation and isolation of the bioactive constituent(s) that may be responsible for the antiadipogenic effects of the GL root extract. A single compound, loganic acid, was identified as a candidate component in the 30% ethanol extract of GL. Loganic acid treatment significantly decreased the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of key adipogenesis-related genes such as adiponectin (Adipoq), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), perilipin1 (Plin1), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4), glucose transporter type 4 (Slc2a4), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (Cebpa), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf) were significantly reduced following treatment with loganic acid. In vivo experiments in an ovariectomy-induced obesity mouse model showed that loganic acid (oral administration with 10 and 50 mg/kg/day) significantly inhibited body weight gain, total fat increase, fatty hepatocyte deposition in the liver, and adipocyte enlargement in the abdominal visceral fat tissues. These results suggest that loganic acid in the GL root extract has antiadipogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. Loganic acid may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of obesity, particularly in menopausal obese women.
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