1
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Chien WC, Tsai TF. Pressure and Skin: A Review of Disease Entities Driven or Influenced by Mechanical Pressure. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024; 25:261-280. [PMID: 38159214 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Skin perceives and reacts to external mechanical forces to create resistance against the external environment. Excessive or inappropriate stimuli of pressure may lead to cellular alterations of the skin and the development of both benign and malignant skin disorders. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to delve into the pressure-induced and aggravated skin disorders and their underlying pressure-related mechanisms. Dysregulated mechanical responses of the skin give rise to local inflammation, ischemia, necrosis, proliferation, hyperkeratosis, impaired regeneration, atrophy, or other injurious reactions, resulting in various disease entities. The use of personal devices, activities, occupations, weight bearing, and even unintentional object contact and postures are potential scenarios that account for the development of pressure-related skin disorders. The spectrum of these skin disorders may involve the epidermis (keratinocytes and melanocytes), hair follicles, eccrine glands, nail apparatuses, dermis (fibroblasts, mast cells, and vasculature), subcutis, and fascia. Clarifying the clinical context of each patient and recognizing how pressure at the cellular and tissue levels leads to skin lesions can enhance our comprehension of pressure-related skin disorders to attain better management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Chien
- Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Dulloo I, Tellier M, Levet C, Chikh A, Zhang B, Blaydon DC, Webb CM, Kelsell DP, Freeman M. Cleavage of the pseudoprotease iRhom2 by the signal peptidase complex reveals an ER-to-nucleus signaling pathway. Mol Cell 2024; 84:277-292.e9. [PMID: 38183983 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
iRhoms are pseudoprotease members of the rhomboid-like superfamily and are cardinal regulators of inflammatory and growth factor signaling; they function primarily by recognizing transmembrane domains of their clients. Here, we report a mechanistically distinct nuclear function of iRhoms, showing that both human and mouse iRhom2 are non-canonical substrates of signal peptidase complex (SPC), the protease that removes signal peptides from secreted proteins. Cleavage of iRhom2 generates an N-terminal fragment that enters the nucleus and modifies the transcriptome, in part by binding C-terminal binding proteins (CtBPs). The biological significance of nuclear iRhom2 is indicated by elevated levels in skin biopsies of patients with psoriasis, tylosis with oesophageal cancer (TOC), and non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (NEPPK); increased iRhom2 cleavage in a keratinocyte model of psoriasis; and nuclear iRhom2 promoting proliferation of keratinocytes. Overall, this work identifies an unexpected SPC-dependent ER-to-nucleus signaling pathway and demonstrates that iRhoms can mediate nuclear signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Dulloo
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Michael Tellier
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Clémence Levet
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Anissa Chikh
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Boyan Zhang
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Diana C Blaydon
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Catherine M Webb
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - David P Kelsell
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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3
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Heliö K, Brandt E, Vaara S, Weckström S, Harjama L, Kandolin R, Järviö J, Hannula-Jouppi K, Heliö T, Holmström M, Koskenvuo JW. DSP c.6310delA p.(Thr2104Glnfs*12) associates with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, increased trabeculation, curly hair, and palmoplantar keratoderma. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1130903. [PMID: 37008330 PMCID: PMC10050721 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1130903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPathogenic variants in DSP associate with cardiac and cutaneous manifestations including arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, curly or wavy hair, and palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). Episodes of myocardial inflammation associated with DSP cardiomyopathy might be confused in clinical work with myocarditis of other etiologies such as viral. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) may help in differential diagnosis.Methods and resultsThis study comprised 49 Finnish patients: 34 participants from families with suspected DSP cardiomyopathy (9 index patients and 25 family members) and 15 patients with myocarditis. All 34 participants underwent genetic testing and cardiac evaluation, and 29 of them also underwent CMR. Participants with the DSP variant, numbering 22, were dermatologically examined. The 15 patients with myocarditis underwent CMR and were evaluated during their hospitalization.A heterozygous truncating DSP c.6310delA p.(Thr2104Glnfs*12) variant was confirmed in 29 participants. Only participants with the DSP variant had pacemakers and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Of the participants with the DSP variant, 24% fulfilled cardiomyopathy criteria, and the median age at diagnosis was 53. Upon CMR, myocardial edema was found to be more common in patients with myocarditis. Both groups had a substantial percentage of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). A ring-like LGE and increased trabeculation were observed only in participants with the DSP variant. All the studied participants with the DSP variant had PPK and curly or wavy hair. Hyperkeratosis developed before the age of 20 in most patients.ConclusionsThe DSP c.6310delA p.(Thr2104Glnfs*12) variant associates with curly hair, PPK, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with increased trabeculation. Cutaneous symptoms developing in childhood and adolescence might help recognize these patients at an earlier stage. CMR, together with dermatologic characteristics, may help in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Heliö
- Heart and Lung Center, ERN GUARD-Heart Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eveliina Brandt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Vaara
- Radiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Weckström
- Heart and Lung Center, ERN GUARD-Heart Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Harjama
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riina Kandolin
- Heart and Lung Center, ERN GUARD-Heart Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Järviö
- Radiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Hannula-Jouppi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Heliö
- Heart and Lung Center, ERN GUARD-Heart Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Holmström
- Radiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha W. Koskenvuo
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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4
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Song Y, Chen N, Guo J, Liu W, Guo K, Ling X, Zhang L. 4-octyl itaconate improves the viability of D66H cells by regulating the KEAP1-NRF2-GCLC/HO-1 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:962-975. [PMID: 36916028 PMCID: PMC10064036 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a novel nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activator, the itaconate has shown significant therapeutic potential for oxidative stress diseases. However, its role in Vohwinkel syndrome in relation to the gap junction protein beta 2 (GJB2) mutation is still unclear. This study aimed at investigating the effect of 4-octyl itaconate (OI) on HaCaT and D66H cells and clarify its potential mechanism in vitro. The optimal concentration and treatment time of OI on HaCaT cells and D66H cells were determined by CCK-8 and LDH experiments. The effect of OI on cell proliferation was detected by EdU staining and FACS analysis of PI, while the apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining and FACS analysis of Annexin V. The ROS staining was performed, and the levels of SOD, MDA, GSH and GSH/GSSG were detected to evaluate the effect of OI on oxidative damage induced by D66H-type mutation. CO-IP, Western blot, immunofluorescence and qPCR analyses were employed to detect the activation of KEAP1-NRF2-GCLC/HO-1 pathway by OI. Finally, sh-NRF2 was used to confirm the activation of this pathway by OI. Results showed that OI could improve the cell viability decreased by GJB2 gene mutation by regulating the balance between cell growth and apoptosis induced by oxidative damage. Furthermore, this alleviation process was regulated by the KEAP1-NRF2-HO-1/GCLC pathway. In conclusion, OI could improve the viability of HaCaT and D66H cells via regulating the KEAP1-NRF2-GCLC/HO-1 pathway, which provided a wide spectrum of potential targets for effective therapeutic treatments of Vohwinkel syndrome in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yali Song
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenmin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Keying Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Ling
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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5
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Glass DA. Punctate Palmoplantar Keratoderma: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e33769. [PMID: 36793812 PMCID: PMC9924831 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is an umbrella term for a group of heterogeneous disorders, acquired or inherited, that are characterized by hyperkeratosis of palmar and/or plantar surfaces. Punctate PPK (PPPK) has been shown to have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. It is linked with two loci on chromosomes 8q24.13-8q24.21 and 15q22-15q24. In type 1 PPPK, also known as Buschke-Fischer-Brauer disease, loss-of-function mutations in either the AAGAB or the COL14A1 genes have been associated with the disorder. We report here the clinical and genetic features of a patient with findings most consistent with type 1 PPPK.
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6
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Ying Y, Lu L, Banerjee S, Xu L, Zhao Q, Wu H, Li R, Xu X, Yu H, Neculai D, Xi Y, Yang F, Qin J, Li C. KVarPredDB: a database for predicting pathogenicity of missense sequence variants of keratin genes associated with genodermatoses. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:45. [PMID: 33287903 PMCID: PMC7720490 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Germline variants of ten keratin genes (K1, K2, K5, K6A, K6B, K9, K10, K14, K16, and K17) have been reported for causing different types of genodermatoses with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Among all the variants of these ten keratin genes, most of them are missense variants. Unlike pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants, understanding the clinical importance of novel missense variants or variants of uncertain significance (VUS) is the biggest challenge for clinicians or medical geneticists. Functional characterization is the only way to understand the clinical association of novel missense variants or VUS but it is time consuming, costly, and depends on the availability of patient’s samples. Existing databases report the pathogenic variants of the keratin genes, but never emphasize the systematic effects of these variants on keratin protein structure and genotype-phenotype correlation. Results To address this need, we developed a comprehensive database KVarPredDB, which contains information of all ten keratin genes associated with genodermatoses. We integrated and curated 400 reported pathogenic missense variants as well as 4629 missense VUS. KVarPredDB predicts the pathogenicity of novel missense variants as well as to understand the severity of disease phenotype, based on four criteria; firstly, the difference in physico-chemical properties between the wild type and substituted amino acids; secondly, the loss of inter/intra-chain interactions; thirdly, evolutionary conservation of the wild type amino acids and lastly, the effect of the substituted amino acids in the heptad repeat. Molecular docking simulations based on resolved crystal structures were adopted to predict stability changes and get the binding energy to compare the wild type protein with the mutated one. We use this basic information to determine the structural and functional impact of novel missense variants on the keratin coiled-coil heterodimer. KVarPredDB was built under the integrative web application development framework SSM (SpringBoot, Spring MVC, MyBatis) and implemented in Java, Bootstrap, React-mutation-mapper, MySQL, Tomcat. The website can be accessed through http://bioinfo.zju.edu.cn/KVarPredDB. The genomic variants and analysis results are freely available under the Creative Commons license. Conclusions KVarPredDB provides an intuitive and user-friendly interface with computational analytical investigation for each missense variant of the keratin genes associated with genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Ying
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lizhen Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Chu Kochen Honors College, Undergraduate School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dante Neculai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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7
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Akbar A, Prince C, Payne C, Fasham J, Ahmad W, Baple EL, Crosby AH, Harlalka GV, Gul A. Novel nonsense variants in SLURP1 and DSG1 cause palmoplantar keratoderma in Pakistani families. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:145. [PMID: 31443639 PMCID: PMC6708247 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Inherited palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and phenotypically diverse group of genodermatoses characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. More than 20 genes have been reported to be associated with PPKs including desmoglein 1 (DSG1) a key molecular component for epidermal adhesion and differentiation. Mal de Meleda (MDM) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by transgrediens PPK, associated with mutations in the secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1 (SLURP1) gene. Methods This study describes clinical as well as genetic whole exome sequencing (WES) and di-deoxy sequencing investigations in two Pakistani families with a total of 12 individuals affected by PPK. Results WES identified a novel homozygous nonsense variant in SLURP1, and a novel heterozygous nonsense variant in DSG1, as likely causes of the conditions in each family. Conclusions This study expands knowledge regarding the molecular basis of PPK, providing important information to aid clinical management in families with PPK from Pakistan. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0872-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Akbar
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.,College of Medicine and Health, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Claire Prince
- College of Medicine and Health, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Chloe Payne
- College of Medicine and Health, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - James Fasham
- College of Medicine and Health, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Emma L Baple
- College of Medicine and Health, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- College of Medicine and Health, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Gaurav V Harlalka
- College of Medicine and Health, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.,Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Malvihir Buldana, Maharashtra, Post code 443001, India
| | - Asma Gul
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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8
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Abi Zamer B, Mahfood M, Saleh B, Al Mutery AF, Tlili A. Novel mutation in the
DSG1
gene causes autosomal‐dominant striate palmoplantar keratoderma in a large Syrian family. Ann Hum Genet 2019; 83:472-476. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Abi Zamer
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Mahfood
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Batoul Saleh
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Fahd Al Mutery
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelaziz Tlili
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
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9
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Vodo D, O'Toole EA, Malchin N, Lahav A, Adir N, Sarig O, Green KJ, Smith FJD, Sprecher E. Striate palmoplantar keratoderma resulting from a missense mutation in DSG1. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:755-757. [PMID: 29315490 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Vodo
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E A O'Toole
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - N Malchin
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Lahav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - N Adir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - O Sarig
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - K J Green
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - F J D Smith
- Pachyonychia Congenita Project, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - E Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Vodo D, Sarig O, Jeddah D, Malchin N, Eskin-Schwarz M, Mohamad J, Rabinowitz T, Goldberg I, Shomron N, Khamaysi Z, Bergman R, Sprecher E. Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma: an unusual mutation causing an unusual phenotype. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1455-1457. [PMID: 29494755 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Vodo
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Sarig
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Jeddah
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Malchin
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Eskin-Schwarz
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Mohamad
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - T Rabinowitz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Goldberg
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Variantyx Ltd, Framingham, MA, U.S.A
| | - Z Khamaysi
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - R Bergman
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - E Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Xue K, Zheng Y, Cui Y. A novel heterozygous missense mutation of DSP in a Chinese Han pedigree with palmoplantar keratoderma. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 18:371-376. [PMID: 29607617 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the desmoplakin (DSP) gene have been demonstrated to be associated with lethal acantholytic epidermolysis bullosa, cardiomyopathy, and palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). AIMS To better understand the relationship between PPK and the gene mutations in DSP. METHODS A pedigree of PPK was subjected to heterozygous missense mutation analysis in the DSP gene. Dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, and histopathological examination were performed from each epidermis layer in this study. Samples were derived from the blood of patients and normal healthy controls. DSP gene sequence analysis and Q-PCR analysis was performed for evaluating DSP gene mutation and expression. RESULTS A novel heterozygous missense mutation c.3550 C>T in the coding region of the DSP gene, predicting substitution of arginine (Arg,R) by tryptophan (Trp,W) in the desmoplakin polypeptide, was discovered in a Chinese pedigree of PPK. In the meanwhile, this mutation was not found in 100 healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS The novel missense mutation c.3550 C>T(p.Arg1184Trp) of DSP gene expanded the mutation spectrum in palmoplantar keratoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xue
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Bergqvist C, Kadara H, Hamie L, Nemer G, Safi R, Karouni M, Marrouche N, Abbas O, Hasbani DJ, Kibbi AG, Nassar D, Shimomura Y, Kurban M. SLURP-1is mutated in Mal de Meleda, a potential molecular signature for melanoma and a putative squamous lineage tumor suppressor gene. Int J Dermatol 2017; 57:162-170. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Lamiaa Hamie
- Department of Internal Medicine; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Remi Safi
- Department of Dermatology; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Mirna Karouni
- Department of Dermatology; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nadine Marrouche
- Department of Dermatology; Norfolk and Norwich University; Norwich UK
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | | | - Abdul G. Kibbi
- Department of Dermatology; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Dany Nassar
- Department of Dermatology; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Division of Dermatology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
- Department of Dermatology; Columbia University; New York NY USA
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13
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Lovgren ML, McAleer MA, Irvine AD, Wilson NJ, Tavadia S, Schwartz ME, Cole C, Sandilands A, Smith FJD, Zamiri M. Mutations in desmoglein 1 cause diverse inherited palmoplantar keratoderma phenotypes: implications for genetic screening. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1345-1350. [PMID: 27534273 PMCID: PMC5485079 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The inherited palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) are a heterogeneous group of genodermatoses, characterized by thickening of the epidermis of the palms and soles. No classification system satisfactorily unites clinical presentation, pathology and molecular pathogenesis. There are four patterns of hyperkeratosis - striate, focal, diffuse and punctate. Mutations in the desmoglein 1 gene (DSG1), a transmembrane glycoprotein, have been reported primarily in striate, but also in focal and diffuse PPKs. We report seven unrelated pedigrees with dominantly inherited PPK owing to mutations in the DSG1 gene, with marked phenotypic variation. Genomic DNA from each family was isolated, and individual exons amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing was employed to identify mutations. Mutation analysis identified novel mutations in five families (p.Tyr126Hisfs*2, p.Ser521Tyrfs*2, p.Trp3*, p.Asp591Phefs*9 and p.Met249Ilefs*6) with striate palmar involvement and varying focal or diffuse plantar disease, and the recurrent mutation c.76C>T, p.Arg26*, in two families with variable PPK patterns. We report one recurrent and five novel DSG1 mutations, causing varying patterns of PPK, highlighting the clinical heterogeneity arising from mutations in this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Lovgren
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, U.K
| | - M A McAleer
- Department of Dermatology, Our Lady's, Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A D Irvine
- Department of Dermatology, Our Lady's, Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N J Wilson
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - S Tavadia
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, U.K
| | - M E Schwartz
- Pachyonychia Congenita Project, Salt Lake City, UT, U.S.A
| | - C Cole
- Division of Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - A Sandilands
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - F J D Smith
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.,Pachyonychia Congenita Project, Salt Lake City, UT, U.S.A
| | - M Zamiri
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, U.K.,Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, U.K
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14
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Maruthappu T, Chikh A, Fell B, Delaney PJ, Brooke MA, Levet C, Moncada-Pazos A, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Blaydon D, Waseem A, Leigh IM, Freeman M, Kelsell DP. Rhomboid family member 2 regulates cytoskeletal stress-associated Keratin 16. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14174. [PMID: 28128203 PMCID: PMC5290154 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 16 (K16) is a cytoskeletal scaffolding protein highly expressed at pressure-bearing sites of the mammalian footpad. It can be induced in hyperproliferative states such as wound healing, inflammation and cancer. Here we show that the inactive rhomboid protease RHBDF2 (iRHOM2) regulates thickening of the footpad epidermis through its interaction with K16. K16 expression is absent in the thinned footpads of irhom2-/- mice compared with irhom2+/+mice, due to reduced keratinocyte proliferation. Gain-of-function mutations in iRHOM2 underlie Tylosis with oesophageal cancer (TOC), characterized by palmoplantar thickening, upregulate K16 with robust downregulation of its type II keratin binding partner, K6. By orchestrating the remodelling and turnover of K16, and uncoupling it from K6, iRHOM2 regulates the epithelial response to physical stress. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying hyperproliferation of the palmoplantar epidermis in both physiological and disease states, and how this 'stress' keratin is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiviyani Maruthappu
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Anissa Chikh
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Benjamin Fell
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Paul J. Delaney
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Matthew A. Brooke
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Clemence Levet
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | | | - Diana Blaydon
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ahmad Waseem
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Irene M. Leigh
- Centre for Centre Molecular Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - David P. Kelsell
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel London E1 2AT, UK
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15
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Banerjee S, Wu Q, Ying Y, Li Y, Shirota M, Neculai D, Li C. In silico predicted structural and functional insights of all missense mutations on 2B domain of K1/K10 causing genodermatoses. Oncotarget 2016; 7:52766-52780. [PMID: 27421141 PMCID: PMC5288147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The K1 and K10 associated genodermatoses are characterized by clinical symptoms of mild to severe redness, blistering and hypertrophy of the skin. In this paper, we set out to computationally investigate the structural and functional effects of missense mutations on the 2B domain of K1/K10 heterodimer and its consequences in disease phenotype. We modeled the structure of the K1/K10 heterodimer based on crystal structures for the human homolog K5/K14 heterodimer, and identified that the missense mutations exert their effects on stability and assembly competence of the heterodimer by altering physico-chemical properties, interatomic interactions, and inter-residue atomic contacts. Comparative structural analysis between all the missense mutations and SNPs showed that the location and physico-chemical properties of the substituted amino acid are significantly correlated with phenotypic variations. In particular, we find evidence that a particular SNP (K10, p.E443K) is a pathogenic nsSNP which disrupts formation of the hydrophobic core and destabilizes the heterodimer through the loss of interatomic interactions. Our study is the first comprehensive report analyzing the mutations located on 2B domain of K1/K10 heterodimeric coiled-coil complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyi Ying
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dante Neculai
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Krøigård AB, Hetland LE, Clemmensen O, Blaydon DC, Hertz JM, Bygum A. The first Danish family reported with an AQP5 mutation presenting diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma of Bothnian type, hyperhidrosis and frequent Corynebacterium infections: a case report. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2016; 16:7. [PMID: 27255181 PMCID: PMC4891830 DOI: 10.1186/s12895-016-0044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background An autosomal dominant form of diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, palmoplantar keratoderma of Bothnian type, is caused by mutations in the AQP5 gene encoding the cell-membrane water channel protein aquaporin 5 leading to defective epidermal-water-barrier function in the epidermis of the palms and soles. Case presentation We report the first Danish family diagnosed with diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma of Bothnian type in which fourteen individuals are potentially affected. The proband, a 36-year-old male had since childhood been affected by pronounced hyperhidrosis of the palms and soles along with palmoplantar keratoderma. He reported a very distinctive feature of the disorder, aquagenic wrinkling, as he developed pronounced maceration of the skin with translucent white papules and a spongy appearance following exposure to water. The patient presented recurrent fungal infections, a wellknown feature of the condition, but also periodic worsening with pitted keratolysis and malodour due to bacterial infections. Conclusions Palmoplantar keratoderma of Bothnian type, which may be associated with hyperhidrosis, is frequently complicated by fungal infections and may be complicated by Corynebacterium infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12895-016-0044-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bruun Krøigård
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Liv Eline Hetland
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Diana C Blaydon
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Bart and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jens Michael Hertz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Bygum
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Zhang M, Song K, Ding N, Shu C, Wang Y. Using a Distant Abdominal Skin Flap to Treat Digital Constriction Bands: A Case Report for Vohwinkel Syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2762. [PMID: 26871826 PMCID: PMC4753922 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a Vohwinkel syndrome case is presented where in 5th digit constriction bands in the right hand were reconstructed using a distant abdominal skin flap. Vohwinkel syndrome, or keratoderma hereditarium mutilans, is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic skin condition that causes palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and constricts finger and/or toe bands. In a typical manifestation, the finger and toe constriction bands lead to progressive strangulation and autoamputation, which requires immediate clinical treatment. Topical keratolytics and systemic retinoids have been used to treat hyperkeratosis but without consistent results. Only 1 effective approach for autoamputation has been accepted, reconstructive surgery.Applying a distant abdominal skin flap produced satisfying postoperative effects at the 18-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzi Zhang
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing (MZ, KS, YW); Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Huangdao District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong (ND); and Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (CS)
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18
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Abstract
Mal de Meleda is a rare autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) disease with an estimated prevalence of 1:100,000. Clinically, the onset of the disease is typically soon after birth and features a transgrediens (plantar surface progressing to dorsal surface) and progrediens (worsening with age) pattern of hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. The disease can feature other potentially disfiguring effects on the hands and feet that can severely impact function. Histologically, the lesions show hyperkeratosis and acanthosis without epidermolysis in the epidermis, accompanied by perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis. Secreted LY6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-related protein-1 (SLURP-1) genetic mutations are implicated in Mal de Meleda. SLURP-1 is involved in mediation of inflammation as well as keratinocyte apoptosis regulation. Because the disease is so rare, there are no set guidelines for management, but the accepted approach tends to include oral acitretin plus topical keratolytic therapy. Genetic counseling should also be offered. This focused review highlights the clinical and histological features, differential diagnoses, genetic background, and the current thoughts on management of Mal de Meleda.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amor Khachemoune
- State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA.
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19
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Banerjee S, Ren Y, Wei T, Zhou Z, Yu P, Guan F, Wei X, Ye S, Yan S, Zheng M, Raff ML, Qi M. Next-generation sequencing detection and characterization of a heterozygous novel splice junction mutation in the 2B domain of KRT1 in a family with diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:152-5. [PMID: 25429721 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma (DPPK) is an autosomal-dominant genodermatosis characterized by restricted, uniform hyperkeratosis on the palm and sole epidermis. DPPK is normally associated with dominant-negative mutations in the keratin-encoding gene, KRT1. We report a heterozygous novel point mutation in the exon 6 splice donor site of KRT1 (c.1254G>C) by next-generation sequencing, resulting in the formation of two alternative transcripts, which segregates with DPPK in a four-generation Chinese family. This results in both the complete loss of exon 6 and the simultaneous utilization of a novel in-frame splice site 54 bases downstream of the mutation with the subsequent deletion of 42 amino acids and the insertion of 18 amino acids into the protein's 2B domain. This is the first report of a novel splice donor site mutation with aberrant splicing and the formation of two alternative transcripts causing DPPK. This study also demonstrates the value of next-generation sequencing in the identification of novel disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Ellis A, Risk JM, Maruthappu T, Kelsell DP. Tylosis with oesophageal cancer: Diagnosis, management and molecular mechanisms. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:126. [PMID: 26419362 PMCID: PMC4589029 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tylosis (hyperkeratosis palmaris et plantaris) is characterised by focal thickening of the skin of the hands and feet and is associated with a very high lifetime risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. This risk has been calculated to be 95% at the age of 65 in one large family, however the frequency of the disorder in the general population is not known and is likely to be less than one in 1,000,000. Oesophageal lesions appear as small (2-5 mm), white, polyploid lesions dotted throughout the oesophagus and oral leukokeratosis has also been described. Although symptoms of oesophageal cancer can include dysphagia, odynophagia, anorexia and weight loss, there may be an absence of symptoms in early disease, highlighting the importance of endoscopic surveillance in these patients. Oesophageal cancer associated with tylosis usually presents in middle to late life (from mid-fifties onwards) and shows no earlier development than the sporadic form of the disease. Tylosis with oesophageal cancer is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with complete penetrance of the cutaneous features, usually by 7 to 8 years of age but can present as late as puberty. Mutations in RHBDF2 located on 17q25.1 have recently been found to be causative. A diagnosis of tylosis with oesophageal cancer is made on the basis of a positive family history, characteristic clinical features, including cutaneous and oesophageal lesions, and genetic analysis for mutations in RHBDF2. The key management goal is surveillance for early detection and treatment of oesophageal dysplasia. Surveillance includes annual gastroscopy with biopsy of any suspicious lesion together with quadratic biopsies from the upper, middle and lower oesophagus. This is coupled with dietary and lifestyle modification advice and symptom education. Symptomatic management of the palmoplantar keratoderma includes regular application of emollients, specialist footwear and early treatment of fissures and super-added infection, particularly tinea pedis. More specific treatment for the thick skin is available in the form of oral retinoids, which are very effective but commonly produce side effects, including nasal excoriation and bleeding, hypercholesterolaemia, and abnormal liver function tests. Genetic counselling can be offered to patients and family members once a family history has been established. The prognosis of tylosis with oesophageal cancer is difficult to determine due to the limited number of affected individuals. In the last 40 years of surveillance, five out of six cases of squamous oesophageal cancer in the Liverpool family were detected endoscopically and were surgically removed. Four of five patients had stage 1 disease at presentation and remain alive and well more than 8 years later. This suggests that the presence of a screening program improves prognosis for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ellis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Janet M Risk
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thiviyani Maruthappu
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4AT, UK
| | - David P Kelsell
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4AT, UK.
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21
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Cao YA, Hickerson RP, Seegmiller BL, Grapov D, Gross MM, Bessette MR, Phinney BS, Flores MA, Speaker TJ, Vermeulen A, Bravo AA, Bruckner AL, Milstone LM, Schwartz ME, Rice RH, Kaspar RL. Gene expression profiling in pachyonychia congenita skin. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 77:156-65. [PMID: 25656049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a skin disorder resulting from mutations in keratin (K) proteins including K6a, K6b, K16, and K17. One of the major symptoms is painful plantar keratoderma. The pathogenic sequelae resulting from the keratin mutations remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To better understand PC pathogenesis. METHODS RNA profiling was performed on biopsies taken from PC-involved and uninvolved plantar skin of seven genotyped PC patients (two K6a, one K6b, three K16, and one K17) as well as from control volunteers. Protein profiling was generated from tape-stripping samples. RESULTS A comparison of PC-involved skin biopsies to adjacent uninvolved plantar skin identified 112 differentially-expressed mRNAs common to patient groups harboring K6 (i.e., both K6a and K6b) and K16 mutations. Among these mRNAs, 25 encode structural proteins including keratins, small proline-rich and late cornified envelope proteins, 20 are related to metabolism and 16 encode proteases, peptidases, and their inhibitors including kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs), and serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs). mRNAs were also identified to be differentially expressed only in K6 (81) or K16 (141) patient samples. Furthermore, 13 mRNAs were identified that may be involved in pain including nociception and neuropathy. Protein profiling, comparing three K6a plantar tape-stripping samples to non-PC controls, showed changes in the PC corneocytes similar, but not identical, to the mRNA analysis. CONCLUSION Many differentially-expressed genes identified in PC-involved skin encode components critical for skin barrier homeostasis including keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, cornification, and desquamation. The profiling data provide a foundation for unraveling the pathogenesis of PC and identifying targets for developing effective PC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Cao
- TransDerm Inc., Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | | | | | - Dmitry Grapov
- University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maren M Gross
- Dharmacon part of GE Healthcare, Lafayette, CO 80026, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Albert A Bravo
- Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Pittsfield, MA 01201, USA
| | - Anna L Bruckner
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Mary E Schwartz
- Pachyonychia Congenita Project, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA
| | - Robert H Rice
- University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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22
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Palmoplantar keratoderma surgical management. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014; 67:e316-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Seebode C, Schiller S, Emmert S, Giehl K. [Palmoplantar dermatoses: when should genes be considered?]. Hautarzt 2014; 65:499-512. [PMID: 24898504 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-013-2712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmoplantar dermatoses are common. They can be both functionally debilitating and markedly stigmatize the patient because they are so visible. Dermatoses on the hands and feet often go along with palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Such palmoplantar keratoses (PPK) can be classified into acquired (non-hereditary) and hereditary (monogenetic) PPK. OBJECTIVES A considerable proportion of PPK develop on the grounds of gene defects. As these diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of quite uncommon single entities, the treating physician must know when to entertain the diagnosis of a hereditary PPK and which causative genes should be considered. METHODS We summarize the common causes of acquired and hereditary PPK based on a review of the latest literature. RESULTS The most common causes of acquired PPK are inflammatory dermatoses like psoriasis, lichen planus, or hand and feet eczema. Also irritative-toxic (arsenic poisoning, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and infectious causes of PPK (human papilloma viruses, syphilis, scabies, tuberculosis, mycoses) are not uncommon. Genetically caused PPK may occur isolated, within syndromes or as a paraneoplastic marker. The clinical/histological classification discerns diffuse, focal, or punctuate forms of PPK with and without epidermolysis. A new classification based on the causative gene defect is starting to replace the traditional clinical classification. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge about the large, but heterogeneous group of hereditary PPK is important to adequately counsel and treat patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Seebode
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
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Ke HP, Jiang HL, Lv YS, Huang YZ, Liu RR, Chen XL, Du ZF, Luo YQ, Xu CM, Fan QH, Zhang XN. KRT9 gene mutation as a reliable indicator in the prenatal molecular diagnosis of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Gene 2014; 546:124-8. [PMID: 24862219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is the most frequent form of such keratodermas. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is clinically characterized by diffuse yellowish thickening of the skin on the palms and soles with erythematous borders during the first weeks or months after birth. EPPK is generally caused by mutations of the KRT9 gene. More than 26 KRT9 gene mutations responsible for EPPK have been described (Human Intermediate Filament Database, www.interfil.org), and many of these variants are located within the highly-conserved coil 1A region of the α-helical rod domain of keratin 9. Unfortunately, there is no satisfactory treatment for EPPK. Thus, prenatal molecular diagnosis or pre-pregnancy diagnosis is crucial and benefits those affected who seek healthy descendants. In the present study, we performed amniotic fluid-DNA-based prenatal testing for three at-risk pregnant EPPK women from three unrelated southern Chinese families who carried the KRT9 missense mutations p.Arg163Trp and p.Arg163Gln, and successfully helped two families to bear normal daughters. We suggest that before the successful application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), and noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of EPPK that analyzes fetal cells or cell-free DNA in maternal blood, prenatal genetic diagnosis by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) offers a quite acceptable option for EPPK couples-at-risk to avoid the birth of affected offspring, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Ke
- Department of Biology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315100, China; Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Hu-Ling Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Ya-Su Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Rong-Rong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Yu-Qin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang), Ministry of Education, and Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Chen-Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang), Ministry of Education, and Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Qi-Hui Fan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315012, China
| | - Xian-Ning Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China.
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Abstract
There are four different areas to consider: palms, back of the hands, fingers, periungual folds (and nails). Palmoplantar keratodermas are a group of inherited or acquired disorders. Dysidrosis is a peculiar form of eczema on the palms and lateral aspects of the fingers. SAPHO syndrome (Synovitis - Acne - Pustulosis - Hyperostosis - Osteomyelitis) presents pustules on palms. Photo-ageing is frequently noticed on the back of the hands. Paraneoplastic acrokeratosis (Bazex syndrome) affects the nose, ears, and periungual folds of fingers and toes. Spontaneous blue finger syndrome can be a benign process that resolves rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Lorette
- UMR 1352, université François-Rabelais, INRA, infectiologie et santé publique, CHRU de Tours, service de dermatologie, 37044 Tours cedex, France.
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Kiritsi D, Chmel N, Arnold AW, Jakob T, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Has C. Novel and Recurrent AAGAB Mutations: Clinical Variability and Molecular Consequences. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:2483-2486. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Blaydon D, Lind L, Plagnol V, Linton K, Smith F, Wilson N, McLean W, Munro C, South A, Leigh I, O’Toole E, Lundström A, Kelsell D. Mutations in AQP5, encoding a water-channel protein, cause autosomal-dominant diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:330-5. [PMID: 23830519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma is characterized by the adoption of a white, spongy appearance of affected areas upon exposure to water. After exome sequencing, missense mutations were identified in AQP5, encoding water-channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5). Protein-structure analysis indicates that these AQP5 variants have the potential to elicit an effect on normal channel regulation. Immunofluorescence data reveal the presence of AQP5 at the plasma membrane in the stratum granulosum of both normal and affected palmar epidermis, indicating that the altered AQP5 proteins are trafficked in the normal manner. We demonstrate here a role for AQP5 in the palmoplantar epidermis and propose that the altered AQP5 proteins retain the ability to form open channels in the cell membrane and conduct water.
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28
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Goldberg I, Sprecher E, Schwartz ME, Gaitini D. Comparative study of high-resolution multifrequency ultrasound of the plantar skin in patients with various types of hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma. Dermatology 2013; 226:365-70. [PMID: 24030314 DOI: 10.1159/000351321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-variable-frequency ultrasound is used as an imaging tool for various cutaneous disorders. We utilized this tool in pachyonychia congenita (PC) patients, who typically present with plantar hyperkeratosis and often severely debilitating pain, compared to patients with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) and mal de Meleda (MDM). OBJECTIVE To ascertain the feasibility of ultrasound technology for the diagnosis of PC. METHODS The study included a total of 16 patients, 7 with PC, 5 with EPPK and 4 with MDM, who underwent ultrasound examination of the plantar skin with high-resolution multifrequency ultrasound equipment. RESULTS Ultrasound scans performed over the proximal and distal plantar foot calluses in PC patients demonstrated hyperechoic dots and lines within the epidermis compatible with hyperkeratosis, engorged varicose veins in the dermis and an anechoic layer interposed between the epidermis and the dermis, corresponding to blister fluid below the calluses. In contrast to PC patients, patients with MDM and EPPK demonstrated no blisters. CONCLUSION PC patients, as opposed to a group of patients with MDM and EPPK, displayed subepidermal blistering beneath their calluses. This finding may help in the diagnosis of PC and in partially explaining plantar pain as part of PC symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Goldberg
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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29
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Lopez-Valdez J, Rivera-Vega MR, Gonzalez-Huerta LM, Cazarin J, Cuevas-Covarrubias S. Analysis of the KRT9 gene in a Mexican family with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:354-8. [PMID: 23278372 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK), an autosomal-dominant genodermatosis, is the most frequently occurring hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma. EPPK is characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. Approximately 90% of patients present with mutations in the KRT9 gene, which encodes for keratin 9. Many of these mutations are located within the highly conserved coil 1A region of the alpha-helical rod domain of keratin 9, an important domain for keratin heterodimerization. The objective was to assess the clinical and molecular characteristics of a Mexican family with EPPK. The clinical characteristics of members of this family were analyzed. The KRT9 gene of affected members was polymerase chain reaction amplified from genomic DNA and sequenced. All affected members of the family had hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles with knuckle pads. The R163W mutation in the KRT9 gene was present in all affected individuals who were tested. Although R163W is the most frequent KRT9 mutation in patients with EPPK, only two families have been reported with knuckle pads associated with this mutation. Our findings indicate that knuckle pads can be associated with EPPK and the R163W mutation in a family with a genetic background different from that described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Lopez-Valdez
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital General de México, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, DF, México
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Pohler E, Mamai O, Hirst J, Zamiri M, Horn H, Nomura T, Irvine AD, Moran B, Wilson NJ, Smith FJD, Goh CSM, Sandilands A, Cole C, Barton GJ, Evans AT, Shimizu H, Akiyama M, Suehiro M, Konohana I, Shboul M, Teissier S, Boussofara L, Denguezli M, Saad A, Gribaa M, Dopping-Hepenstal PJ, McGrath JA, Brown SJ, Goudie DR, Reversade B, Munro CS, McLean WHI. Haploinsufficiency for AAGAB causes clinically heterogeneous forms of punctate palmoplantar keratoderma. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1272-6. [PMID: 23064416 PMCID: PMC3836166 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) are a group of disorders that are diagnostically and therapeutically problematic in dermatogenetics. Punctate PPKs are characterized by circumscribed hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms and soles with considerable heterogeneity. In 18 families with autosomal dominant punctate PPK, we report heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in AAGAB, encoding α- and γ-adaptin-binding protein p34, located at a previously linked locus at 15q22. α- and γ-adaptin-binding protein p34, a cytosolic protein with a Rab-like GTPase domain, was shown to bind both clathrin adaptor protein complexes, indicating a role in membrane trafficking. Ultrastructurally, lesional epidermis showed abnormalities in intracellular vesicle biology. Immunohistochemistry showed hyperproliferation within the punctate lesions. Knockdown of AAGAB in keratinocytes led to increased cell division, which was linked to greatly elevated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression and tyrosine phosphorylation. We hypothesize that p34 deficiency may impair endocytic recycling of growth factor receptors such as EGFR, leading to increased signaling and cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pohler
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, College of Life Sciences and College of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, UK
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31
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Mamaï O, Boussofara L, Adala L, Amara A, Ben Charfeddine I, Ghariani N, Sriha B, Denguezli M, Mili A, Belazreg T, Saad A, Fischer J, Gribaa M. Reduction of palmoplantar keratoderma Buschke-Fischer-Brauer locus to only 0.967 Mb. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 67:210-2. [PMID: 22789686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Mühlhoff C, Megahed M. [Keratosis palmoplantaris papulosa]. Hautarzt 2012; 63:368-9. [PMID: 22527298 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-012-2375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Keratosis palmoplantaris punctata (KPPP) is a rare genodermatosis inherited in autosomal dominant fashion. Clinical findings are multiple, hyperkeratotic, mostly asymptomatic, pinhead-sized papules localized on the palms and soles with progression to hyperkeratotic plaques at pressure sites. A 79-year-old woman presented with a history of hyperkeratotic papules on the palms and soles. Clinical and histopathologic criteria led to the diagnosis KPPP. Identification of causative genes is necessary to permit a better classification and estimation of associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mühlhoff
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
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33
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Li D, Zhang W, Liu Y, Haneline LS, Shou W. Lack of plakoglobin in epidermis leads to keratoderma. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10435-10443. [PMID: 22315228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.299669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutation of Jup has been associated with Naxos disease, which is characterized by arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and the cutaneous disorder palmoplantar keratoderma. Previously, we have shown that genetic ablation of Jup in cardiomyocytes in mice leads to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy similar to Naxos disease in humans. Currently, to determine the pathogenesis of Naxos disease-associated keratoderma, we generated Jup mutant mice by inactivating Jup restrictively in keratinocytes. Jup mutant mice largely recapitulated the clinical features of human palmoplantar keratoderma: overcornification and thickening of the epidermis. Jup mutant mice also suffered skin ulceration and inflammation. Cell apoptosis and proliferation were significantly elevated in Jup mutant epidermis. Ultrastructural analyses revealed the disruption of the assembly of desmosomes and adherens junctions in Jup mutant epidermis. We also demonstrated the compensational increase in β-catenin at Jup mutant cell-cell junctions without altering its signaling activities. Our findings provide important insights for understanding the pathogenesis of human palmoplantar keratoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Li
- Riley Heart Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Riley Heart Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Ying Liu
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Laura S Haneline
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Weinian Shou
- Riley Heart Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.
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34
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Hiperqueratosis palmoplantar en lactante. An Pediatr (Barc) 2012; 76:47-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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35
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Oleksiewicz U, Liloglou T, Field JK, Xinarianos G. Cytoglobin: biochemical, functional and clinical perspective of the newest member of the globin family. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3869-83. [PMID: 21744065 PMCID: PMC11115184 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of cytoglobin (Cygb) a decade ago, growing amounts of data have been gathered to characterise Cygb biochemistry, functioning and implication in human pathologies. Its molecular roles remain under investigation, but nitric oxide dioxygenase and lipid peroxidase activities have been demonstrated. Cygb expression increases in response to various stress conditions including hypoxia, oxidative stress and fibrotic stimulation. When exogenously overexpressed, Cygb revealed cytoprotection against these factors. Cygb was shown to be upregulated in fibrosis and neurodegenerative disorders and downregulated in multiple cancer types. CYGB was also found within the minimal region of a hereditary tylosis with oesophageal cancer syndrome, and its expression was reduced in tylotic samples. Recently, Cygb has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro, thus confirming its suggested tumour suppressor role. This article aims to review the biochemical and functional aspects of Cygb, its involvement in various pathological conditions and potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Oleksiewicz
- Cancer Research Centre, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool, L3 9TA UK
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Cancer Research Centre, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool, L3 9TA UK
| | - John K. Field
- Cancer Research Centre, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool, L3 9TA UK
| | - George Xinarianos
- Cancer Research Centre, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool, L3 9TA UK
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place (1st floor), Liverpool, L69 3GF UK
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36
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Congenital tylosis and the role of the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-010-0476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK) comprise a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of genodermatoses, which share impaired epidermal differentiation resulting in prominent palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Classically, keratodermas have been separated according to their clinical appearance into diffuse, focal, and as a feature of ectodermal dysplasias and many other syndromes. Since molecular genetic analyses have helped characterize the underlying genetic defects in an increasing number of hereditary PPK over the last two decades, a pathophysiological separation seems more reasonable. Today PPK can be classified based on defects in keratins, loricrin, desmosomes, connexins, and cathepsins. Although these proteins have different structures and functions, all of them influence epidermal differentiation and cornified envelope assembly. Depending on tissue distribution and location of mutation with a certain gene, the clinical spectrum of PPK range from a pure palmoplantar restricted skin abnormality to a complex combination of symptoms with dental anomalies, deafness, progressive cardiomyopathy and even cancer. Solely for those reasons, a correct diagnosis based on molecular genetic analyses is mandatory, although a causal therapy is still not available. Instead, several therapeutic modalities including topical ointments, surgical interventions and systemic retinoids help to reduce the patients' symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Braun-Falco
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, München, Germany.
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39
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Keratin gene mutations in disorders of human skin and its appendages. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 508:123-37. [PMID: 21176769 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Keratins, the major structural protein of all epithelia are a diverse group of cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins that form intermediate filament networks, providing structural support to keratinocytes that maintain the integrity of the skin. Expression of keratin genes is usually regulated by differentiation of the epidermal cells within the stratifying squamous epithelium. Amongst the 54 known functional keratin genes in humans, about 22 different genes including, the cornea, hair and hair follicle-specific keratins have been implicated in a wide range of hereditary diseases. The exact phenotype of each disease usually reflects the spatial expression level and the types of mutated keratin genes, the location of the mutations and their consequences at sub-cellular levels as well as other epigenetic and/or environmental factors. The identification of specific pathogenic mutations in keratin disorders formed the basis of our understanding that led to re-classification, improved diagnosis with prognostic implications, prenatal testing and genetic counseling in severe keratin genodermatoses. Molecular defects in cutaneous keratin genes encoding for keratin intermediate filaments (KIFs) causes keratinocytes and tissue-specific fragility, accounting for a large number of genetic disorders in human skin and its appendages. These diseases are characterized by keratinocytes fragility (cytolysis), intra-epidermal blistering, hyperkeratosis, and keratin filament aggregation in severely affected tissues. Examples include epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS; K5, K14), keratinopathic ichthyosis (KPI; K1, K2, K10) i.e. epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI; K1, K10) and ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS; K2), pachyonychia congenita (PC; K6a, K6b, K16, K17), epidermolytic palmo-plantar keratoderma (EPPK; K9, (K1)), monilethrix (K81, K83, K86), ectodermal dysplasia (ED; K85) and steatocystoma multiplex. These keratins also have been identified to have roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation, wound healing, tissue polarity and remodeling. This review summarizes and discusses the clinical, ultrastructural, molecular genetics and biochemical characteristics of a broad spectrum of keratin-related genodermatoses, with special clinical emphasis on EBS, EI and PC. We also highlight current and emerging model tools for prognostic future therapies. Hopefully, disease modeling and in-depth understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the diseases may lead to the development of novel therapies for several hereditary cutaneous diseases.
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40
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Autoimmune thyroiditis presenting as palmoplantar keratoderma. Case Rep Med 2010; 2010:604890. [PMID: 20300544 PMCID: PMC2838360 DOI: 10.1155/2010/604890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmoplantar keratoderma is a heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of palms and soles. Hypothyroidism is an unusual cause of palmoplantar keratoderma, rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of a 43-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of a diffuse palmoplantar hyperkeratosis unresponsive to topical keratolytics and corticosteroids. Her past medical and family histories were unremarkable. She complained of recent asthenia, mood changes and constipation. Laboratory evaluation revealed an autoimmune thyroiditis with hypothyroidism. Other causes of acquired palmoplantar keratoderma were excluded. After hormonal replacement therapy institution, a gradual improvement of skin condition was observed. The diagnosis of underlying causes for acquired palmoplantar keratoderma can be a difficult task; however its recognition is essential for successful treatment results. Although a very rare association, hypothyroidism must be suspected in patients with acquired palmoplantar keratoderma, particularly when it occurs in association with systemic symptoms.
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Wilson NJ, Messenger AG, Leachman SA, O'Toole EA, Lane EB, Irwin McLean W, Smith FJ. Keratin K6c Mutations Cause Focal Palmoplantar Keratoderma. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:425-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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42
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Serrano Castro PJ, Naranjo Fernandez C, Quiroga Subirana P, Payan Ortiz M. Vohwinkel Syndrome secondary to missense mutation D66H in GJB2 gene (connexin 26) can include epileptic manifestations. Seizure 2010; 19:129-31. [PMID: 20031451 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vohwinkel Syndrome (VS) is a type of diffuse hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (DHPPK) accompanied by skeletal dimorphisms and sensorineural deafness. The most frequently reported genetic substrate in VS is a point mutation of GJB2 gene, responsible for encoding connexin 26, a gap-junction protein with a crucial role in neuronal migration in rats. We report the case of a 21-year-old male who is a second-generation member of a family with VS and developed cryptogenic focal epilepsy. Genetic study showed a nucleotide change (c.196G>C) in exon 1 of GJB2 gene, producing a missense mutation, D66H. It is plausible that a functional alteration of connexin 26, such as that resulting of the mutation of our case, can produce an alteration in cortical development with epileptogenic potential. The present case and experimental evidence that connexin 26 is related to animal epileptogenesis suggest that the phenotypic spectrum of VS could be expanded to include epileptic manifestations.
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Sartore L, Bordignon M, Bassetto F, Voltan A, Tomat V, Alaibac M. Melanoma in skin affected with keratoderma palmoplantaris hereditaria (Mal de Meleda): Treatment with excision and grafting. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61:161-3. [PMID: 19539863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sakabe JI, Kabashima K, Sugita K, Tokura Y. Possible involvement of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of Nagashima-type keratosis palmoplantaris. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:e282-4. [PMID: 19438557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.03202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu XP, Ling J, Xiong H, Shi XL, Sun X, Pan Q, Hu ZM, Wu LQ, Liang DS, Long ZG, Dai HP, Xia JH, Xia K. Mutation L437P in the 2B domain of keratin 1 causes diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma in a Chinese pedigree. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:1079-82. [PMID: 19470048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma (DPPK) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by uniform hyperkeratosis of the palm and sole epidermis. This disorder can be caused by mutations in the genes keratin 1, keratin 9, keratin 16, desmoglein 1 and plakoglobin. Here we present a DPPK Chinese pedigree and identify the aetiology as a novel missense mutation, L437P, located in a highly conserved helix motif in domain 2B of KRT1. Functional analysis shows that overexpression of the L437P mutant in cultured cells leads to abnormal intermediate filament networks and filament aggregation. This gain-of-function mutation highlights the role of domain 2B in mediating filament assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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The molecular basis of human keratin disorders. Hum Genet 2009; 125:355-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hershkovitz D, Lugassy J, Indelman M, Bergman R, Sprecher E. Novel mutations in DSG1 causing striate palmoplantar keratoderma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008; 34:224-8. [PMID: 19018793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Striate palmoplantar keratoderma (SPPK) has been shown to be caused by mutations in at least three genes: DSG1, DSP and KRT1. METHODS Three families with nine affected members were assessed using a candidate gene-based screening approach. RESULTS In all three families, new heterozygous mutations were found in DSG1. CONCLUSION Direct sequencing of cDNA derived from affected skin in one patient failed to reveal a pathogenic mutation, suggesting that SPPK results from haploinsufficiency for DSG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hershkovitz
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Molecular Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Seasonal palmar keratoderma in erythropoietic protoporphyria indicates autosomal recessive inheritance. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:599-605. [PMID: 18787536 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is an inherited disorder that results from partial deficiency of ferrochelatase (FECH). It is characterized clinically by acute photosensitivity and, in 2% of patients, liver disease. Inheritance is usually autosomal dominant with low penetrance but is recessive in about 4% of families. A cross-sectional study of 223 patients with EPP in the United Kingdom identified six individuals with palmar keratoderma. We now show that these and three additional patients, from six families, have an inherited subtype of EPP which is characterized by seasonal palmar keratoderma, relatively low erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations, and recessive inheritance. No patient had evidence of liver dysfunction; four patients had neurological abnormalities. Patients were hetero- or homoallelic for nine different FECH mutations; four of which were previously unreported. Prokaryotic expression predicted that FECH activities were 2.7-25% (mean 10.6%) of normal. Neither mutation type nor FECH activity provided an explanation for the unusual phenotype. Our findings show that palmar keratoderma is a clinical indicator of recessive EPP, identify a phenotype that occurs in 38% of reported families with recessive EPP that to our knowledge is previously unreported, and suggest that patients with this phenotype may carry a lower risk of liver disease than other patients with recessive EPP.
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Zhao JJ, Zhang ZH, Niu ZM, Xiang LH, Ye XY, Huang W, Zheng ZZ. Mutation M157R of keratin 9 in a Chinese family with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Int J Dermatol 2008; 47:634-7. [PMID: 18477167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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