1
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Liu H, Wang Q, Lan W, Liu D, Huang J, Yao J. Radiosensitization effect of quinoline-indole-schiff base derivative 10E on non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in tumor xenografts. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:405-417. [PMID: 38880855 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Radioresistance is an inevitable obstacle in the clinical treatment of inoperable patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combining treatment with radiosensitizers may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. Previously, the quinoline derivative 10E as new exporter of Nur77 has shown superior antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing activity and acting mechanisms of 10E. In vitro, A549 and H460 cells were treated with control, ionizing radiation (IR), 10E, and 10E + IR. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cycle were examined using CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. Protein expression and localization were examined using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Tumor xenograft models were established to evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of 10E in vivo. 10E significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased their radiosensitivity while reducing level of p-BCRA1, p-DNA-PKs, and 53BP1 involved in the DNA damage repair pathway, indicating that its radiosensitizing activity is closely associated with repressing DNA damage repair. A549 cells showed low level of Nur77 and a low response to IR but 10E-treated A549 cells showed high level of Nur77 indicating that Nur77 is a core radiosensitivity factor and 10E restores the expression of Nur77. Nur77 and Ku80 extranuclear co-localization in the 10E-treated A549 cells suggested that 10E-modulated Nur77 nuclear exportation inhibits DNA damage repair pathways and increases IR-triggered apoptosis. The combination of 10E and IR significantly inhibits tumor growth in a tumor xenograft model. Our findings suggest that 10E acts as a radiosensitizer and that combining 10E with radiotherapy may be a potential strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Wanying Lan
- Guixi Community Health Center of the Chengdu Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Duanya Liu
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jiangang Huang
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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2
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Kiataki MB, Coutinho K, Varella MTDN. Toward a numerically efficient description of bulk-solvated anionic states. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034301. [PMID: 39007383 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate the vertical electron attachment energy (VAE) of 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole, a model radiosensitizer, employing quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and QM/polarized continuum (QM/PCM) solvation models. We considered the solvent-excluded surface (QM/PCM-SES) and Van der Waals (QM/PCM-VDW) cavities within the PCM framework, the electrostatic embedding QM/MM (EE-QM/MM) model, and the self-consistent sequential QM/MM polarizable electrostatic embedding (scPEE-S-QM/MM) model. Due to slow VAE convergence concerning the number of QM solvent molecules, full QM calculations prove inefficient. Ensemble averages in these calculations do not align with VAEs computed for the representative solute-solvent configuration. QM/MM and QM/PCM calculations show agreement with each other for sufficiently large QM regions, although the QM/PCM-VDW model exhibits artifacts linked to the cavity. QM/MM models demonstrate good agreement between ensemble averages and VAEs calculated with the representative configuration. Notably, the VAE computed with the scPEE-S-QM/MM model achieves faster convergence concerning the number of QM water molecules compared to the EE-QM/MM model, attributed to enhanced efficiency from MM charge polarization in the scPEE-S-QM/MM approach. This emphasizes the importance of QM/classical models with accurate solute-solvent and solvent-solvent mutual polarization for obtaining converged VAEs at a reasonable computational cost. The full-QM approach is very inefficient, while the microsolvation model is inaccurate. Computational savings in QM/MM models result from electrostatic embedding and the representative configuration, with the scPEE-S-QM/MM approach emerging as an efficient tool for describing bulk-solvated anions within the QM/MM framework. Its potential extends to improving transient anion state descriptions in biomolecules and radiosensitizers, especially given the frequent employment of microsolvation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus B Kiataki
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1731, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaline Coutinho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1731, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio T do N Varella
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1731, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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ALMisned G, Kilic CS, Almansoori A, Mesbahi A, Hamad M, Tekin H. Evaluating deposited radiation energy amount and collision quantities of small-molecule radiosensitizers through Monte Carlo simulations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33734. [PMID: 39050474 PMCID: PMC11267030 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the photon interaction mechanism of various small molecule radiosensitizers, including Hydrogen Peroxide, Nimorazole, 5-Fluorouracil, NVX-108, and others, using the MCNP 6.3 Monte Carlo simulation code. The simulations focused on quantifying the linear attenuation coefficients, mean free path, and accumulation factors of these radiosensitizers, as well as their interactions in a simulated spherical water phantom irradiated with a 100 keV mono-energetic X-ray source. Our findings reveal significant variations in deposited energy, collision events, and mean free path among the radiosensitizers, indicating different efficacy levels in enhancing radiation therapy. Notably, NVX-108 demonstrated the highest energy deposition, suggesting its potential as a highly effective radiosensitizer. The study also examined the individual attenuation properties of these radiosensitizers against energetic photons, with NVX-108 showing the highest attenuation coefficient and a shorter mean free path, further supporting its superior potential in effective radiosensitization. It can be concluded that NVX-108 has higher interaction tendency with the energetic photons comparing other small-molecules under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada ALMisned
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ceyda Sibel Kilic
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asma Almansoori
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A. Mesbahi
- Medical Radiation Research Team, South Morang, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - H.O. Tekin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Istinye University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
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4
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Kiataki MB, Varella MTDN, Coutinho K, Rabilloud F. Novel Approach for Predicting Vertical Electron Attachment Energies in Bulk-Solvated Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4893-4900. [PMID: 38783835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
When low-energy electrons interact with molecules, they can give rise to transient anion states commonly known as resonances. These states are formed through vertical electron attachment processes and have the potential to induce various forms of DNA lesions, including base damage, single- and double-strand breaks, cross-links, and clustered lesions that are challenging to repair. So far, most experimental and theoretical studies have investigated the formation of resonances of (bio)molecules in the gas phase or in microsolvated environments. Since cellular environments are mainly composed of water molecules, it is crucial to understand how bulk water affects the resonances of (bio)molecules. Given the existing gap in studies on resonances of bulk-solvated molecules, we propose a novel theoretical-computational approach to address this void. Our approach combines the multibasis-set (time-dependent-)density functional theory and self-consistent sequential quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics polarizable electrostatic embedding methods. We apply this combined methodology to predict the vertical electron attachment energies of 1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (1M5NI), a well-known radiosensitizer model, in bulk water. In addition, we analyze the rapid mutual polarization between the resonances (both shape- and core-excited) of 1M5NI and the surrounding bulk water environment. For comparison, we also studied the isolated and microsolvated 1M5NI. Overall, while the polarization of the environment is clearly sensitive to the solute charge, causing a significant impact on the vertical electron affinity and consequently on the attachment electron energies, it does not have a significant impact on the excitation energies of the anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus B Kiataki
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1731, São Paulo 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio T do N Varella
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1731, São Paulo 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaline Coutinho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1731, São Paulo 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franck Rabilloud
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
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5
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Ghaffarlou M, Rashidzadeh H, Mohammadi A, Mousazadeh N, Barsbay M, Sharafi A, Gharbavi M, Danafar H, Javani S. Photothermal and radiotherapy with alginate-coated gold nanoparticles for breast cancer treatment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13299. [PMID: 38858410 PMCID: PMC11164878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy and phototherapy are commonly used cancer treatments that offer advantages such as a low risk of adverse effects and the ability to target cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. A promising strategy for cancer treatment involves using nanoparticles (NPs) in combination with radiation and photothermal therapy to target cancer cells and improve treatment efficacy. The synthesis of gold NPs (AuNPs) for use in biomedical applications has traditionally involved toxic reducing agents. Here we harnessed dopamine (DA)-conjugated alginate (Alg) for the facile and green synthesis of Au NPs (Au@Alg-DA NPs). Alg-DA conjugate reduced Au ions, simultaneously stabilized the resulting AuNPs, and prevented aggregation, resulting in particles with a narrow size distribution and improved stability. Injectable Au@Alg-DA NPs significantly promoted ROS generation in 4T1 breast cancer cells when exposed to X-rays. In addition, their administration raised the temperature under a light excitation of 808 nm, thus helping to destroy cancer cells more effectively. Importantly, no substantial cytotoxicity was detected in our Au@Alg-DA NPs. Taken together, our work provides a promising route to obtain an injectable combined radio enhancer and photothermally active nanosystem for further potential clinic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Rashidzadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Navid Mousazadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Murat Barsbay
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gharbavi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Danafar
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Siamak Javani
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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6
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Ameixa J, Bald I. Unraveling the Complexity of DNA Radiation Damage Using DNA Nanotechnology. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1608-1619. [PMID: 38780304 PMCID: PMC11154965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Radiation cancer therapies use different ionizing radiation qualities that damage DNA molecules in tumor cells by a yet not completely understood plethora of mechanisms and processes. While the direct action of the radiation is significant, the byproducts of the water radiolysis, mainly secondary low-energy electrons (LEEs, <20 eV) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), can also efficiently cause DNA damage, in terms of DNA strand breakage or DNA interstrand cross-linking. As a result, these types of DNA damage evolve into mutations hindering DNA replication, leading to cancer cell death. Concomitant chemo-radiotherapy explores the addition of radiosensitizing therapeutics commonly targeting DNA, such as platinum derivatives and halogenated nucleosides, to enhance the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the DNA molecule. Further complicating the landscape of DNA damage are secondary structures such as G-quadruplexes occurring in telomeric DNA. These structures protect DNA from radiation damage, rendering them as promising targets for new and more selective cancer radiation treatments, rather than targeting linear DNA. However, despite extensive research, there is no single paradigm approach to understanding the mysterious way in which ionizing radiation causes DNA damage. This is due to the multidisciplinary nature of the field of research, which deals with multiple levels of biological organization, from the molecular building blocks of life toward cells and organisms, as well as with complex multiscale radiation-induced effects. Also, intrinsic DNA features, such as DNA topology and specific oligonucleotide sequences, strongly influence its response to damage from ionizing radiation. In this Account, we present our studies focused on the absolute quantification of photon- and low-energy electron-induced DNA damage in strategically selected target DNA sequences. Our methodology involves using DNA origami nanostructures, specifically the Rothemund triangle, as a platform to expose DNA sequences to either low-energy electrons or vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV, <15 eV) photons and subsequent atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. Through this approach, the effects of the DNA sequence, incorporation of halogenated radiosensitizers, DNA topology, and the radiation quality on radiation-induced DNA strand breakage have been systematically assessed and correlated with fundamental photon- and electron-driven mechanisms underlying DNA radiation damage. At lower energies, these mechanisms include dissociative electron attachment (DEA), where electrons attach to DNA molecules causing strand breaks, and dissociative photoexcitation of DNA. Additionally, further dissociative processes such as photoionization and electron impact contribute to the complex cascade of DNA damage events induced by ionizing radiation. We expect that emerging DNA origami-based approaches will lead to a paradigm shift in research fields associated with DNA damage and suggest future directions, which can foster the development of technological applications in nanomedicine, e.g., optimized cancer treatments or the molecular design of optimized radiosensitizing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ameixa
- Institute
of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University
of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Centre
of Physics and Technological Research (CEFITEC), Department of Physics,
NOVA School of Science and Technology, University
NOVA of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute
of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University
of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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7
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Stephan S, Galland S, Labbani Narsis O, Shoji K, Vachenc S, Gerart S, Nicolle C. Agent-based approaches for biological modeling in oncology: A literature review. Artif Intell Med 2024; 152:102884. [PMID: 38703466 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Computational modeling involves the use of computer simulations and models to study and understand real-world phenomena. Its application is particularly relevant in the study of potential interactions between biological elements. It is a promising approach to understand complex biological processes and predict their behavior under various conditions. METHODOLOGY This paper is a review of the recent literature on computational modeling of biological systems. Our study focuses on the field of oncology and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and, in particular, agent-based modeling (ABM), between 2010 and May 2023. RESULTS Most of the articles studied focus on improving the diagnosis and understanding the behaviors of biological entities, with metaheuristic algorithms being the models most used. Several challenges are highlighted regarding increasing and structuring knowledge about biological systems, developing holistic models that capture multiple scales and levels of organization, reproducing emergent behaviors of biological systems, validating models with experimental data, improving computational performance of models and algorithms, and ensuring privacy and personal data protection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stephan
- UTBM, CIAD UMR 7533, Belfort, F-90010, France; Université de Bourgogne, CIAD UMR 7533, Dijon, F-21000, France.
| | | | | | - Kenji Shoji
- Oncodesign Precision Medicine (OPM), 18 Rue Jean Mazen, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Sébastien Vachenc
- Oncodesign Precision Medicine (OPM), 18 Rue Jean Mazen, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Stéphane Gerart
- Oncodesign Precision Medicine (OPM), 18 Rue Jean Mazen, Dijon, F-21000, France
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8
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Jackson N, Cecchi D, Beckham W, Chithrani DB. Application of High-Z Nanoparticles to Enhance Current Radiotherapy Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:2438. [PMID: 38893315 PMCID: PMC11173748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an essential component of the treatment regimens for many cancer patients. Despite recent technological advancements to improve dose delivery techniques, the dose escalation required to enhance tumor control is limited due to the inevitable toxicity to the surrounding healthy tissue. Therefore, the local enhancement of dosing in tumor sites can provide the necessary means to improve the treatment modality. In recent years, the emergence of nanotechnology has facilitated a unique opportunity to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy treatment. The application of high-atomic-number (Z) nanoparticles (NPs) can augment the effects of radiotherapy by increasing the sensitivity of cells to radiation. High-Z NPs can inherently act as radiosensitizers as well as serve as targeted delivery vehicles for radiosensitizing agents. In this work, the therapeutic benefits of high-Z NPs as radiosensitizers, such as their tumor-targeting capabilities and their mechanisms of sensitization, are discussed. Preclinical data supporting their application in radiotherapy treatment as well as the status of their clinical translation will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Jackson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Daniel Cecchi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Devika B. Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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9
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Datta M, Szczyrba A, Zdrowowicz M, Wyrzykowski D, Ciupak O, Demkowicz S, Izadi F, Denifl S, Rak J. Surprising Radiolytic Stability of 8-Thiomethyladenine in an Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3621-3630. [PMID: 38578255 PMCID: PMC11033863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
8-Thiomethyladenine (ASCH3), a potentially radiosensitizing modified nucleobase, has been synthesized in a reaction between 8-thioadenine and methyl iodide. Despite favorable dissociative electron attachment (DEA) characteristics, the radiolysis of an aqueous solution of ASCH3 with a dose of X-ray amounting to as much as 300 Gy leads to no effects. Nevertheless, crossed electron-molecule beam experiments in the gas phase on ASCH3 confirm the theoretical findings regarding the stability of its radical anion, namely, the most abundant reaction channel is related to the dissociation of the S-CH3 bond in the respective anion. Furthermore, electron-induced degradation of ASCH3 has been observed in aprotic acetonitrile, which is strong evidence for the involvement of proton transfer (PT) in stabilizing the radical anion in an aqueous solution. These findings demonstrate that PT in water can be the main player in deciding the radiosensitizing properties of modified nucleobases/nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Datta
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Adrian Szczyrba
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zdrowowicz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Olga Ciupak
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Farhad Izadi
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik and Center for Biomolecular
Sciences Innsbruck, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik and Center for Biomolecular
Sciences Innsbruck, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Janusz Rak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
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10
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Mattes MD, Koturbash I, Leung CN, Wen S, Jacobson GM. A Phase I Trial of a Methionine Restricted Diet with Concurrent Radiation Therapy. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:463-468. [PMID: 38591931 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2340784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid critical for cell growth and survival. Preclinical evidence suggests a methionine restricted diet (MRD) sensitizes cancer to radiation therapy (RT), without significant adverse effects. However, this has never been evaluated in humans. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of concurrent MRD with standard-of-care definitive RT in adults with any non-skin cancer malignancy. The MRD extended from 2 wk before RT initiation, through 2 wk beyond RT completion. The primary endpoint of safety was assessed as rate of grade 3 or higher acute and late toxicities. Feasibility was assessed with quantitative plasma amino acid panel every 2 wk during the MRD (target plasma methionine 13 μM). Nine patients were accrued over a two-year period, with five able to complete the treatment course. The trial was closed due to slow accrual and subjects' difficulty maintaining the diet. No grade 3 or higher adverse events were observed. Subjects' average methionine level was 18.8 μM during treatment, with average nadir 16.8 μM. These findings suggest the safety of concurrent MRD with RT, with toxicities comparable to those expected with RT alone. However, the diet was challenging, and unacceptable to most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm D Mattes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Dietary Supplements Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Calvin N Leung
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Geraldine M Jacobson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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11
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Sedmidubská B, Kočišek J. Interaction of low-energy electrons with radiosensitizers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9112-9136. [PMID: 38376461 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
We provide an experimentalist's perspective on the present state-of-the-art in the studies of low-energy electron interactions with common radiosensitizers, including compounds used in combined chemo-radiation therapy and their model systems. Low-energy electrons are important secondary species formed during the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter. Their role in the radiation chemistry of living organisms has become an important topic for more than 20 years. With the increasing number of works and reviews in the field, we would like to focus here on a very narrow area of compounds that have been shown to have radio-sensitizing properties on the one hand, and high reactivity towards low-energy electrons on the other hand. Gas phase experiments studying electron attachment to isolated molecules and environmental effects on reaction dynamics are reviewed for modified DNA components, nitroimidazoles, and organometallics. In the end, we provide a perspective on the future directions that may be important for transferring the fundamental knowledge about the processes induced by low-energy electrons into practice in the field of rational design of agents for concomitant chemo-radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Sedmidubská
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Dolejškova 3, 182223 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS and Faculté des sciences d'Orsay, Université Paris Saclay, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Dolejškova 3, 182223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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12
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Pihlava L, Svensson PHW, Kukk E, Kooser K, De Santis E, Tõnisoo A, Käämbre T, André T, Akiyama T, Hessenthaler L, Giehr F, Björneholm O, Caleman C, Berholts M. Shell-dependent photofragmentation dynamics of a heavy-atom-containing bifunctional nitroimidazole radiosensitizer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8879-8890. [PMID: 38426309 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00367e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to break chemical bonds in cancer cells, thereby causing DNA damage and leading to cell death. The therapeutic effectiveness can be further increased by making the tumor cells more sensitive to radiation. Here, we investigate the role of the initial halogen atom core hole on the photofragmentation dynamics of 2-bromo-5-iodo-4-nitroimidazole, a potential bifunctional radiosensitizer. Bromine and iodine atoms were included in the molecule to increase the photoionization cross-section of the radiosensitizer at higher photon energies. The fragmentation dynamics of the molecule was studied experimentally in the gas phase using photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence spectroscopy and computationally using Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. We observed significant changes between shallow core (I 4d, Br 3d) and deep core (I 3d) ionization in fragment formation and their kinetic energies. Despite the fact, that the ions ejected after deep core ionization have higher kinetic energies, we show that in a cellular environment, the ion spread is not much larger, keeping the damage well-localized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassi Pihlava
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Pamela H W Svensson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Edwin Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Kuno Kooser
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald 1, EST-50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Emiliano De Santis
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, University of Uppsala, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arvo Tõnisoo
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald 1, EST-50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Tanel Käämbre
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald 1, EST-50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Tomas André
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomoko Akiyama
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Hessenthaler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Flavia Giehr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Caleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marta Berholts
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald 1, EST-50411, Tartu, Estonia.
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13
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Natangelo S, Trapani D, Koukoutzeli C, Boscolo Bielo L, Marvaso G, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Curigliano G. Radiation therapy, tissue radiosensitization, and potential synergism in the era of novel antibody-drug conjugates. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 195:104270. [PMID: 38272150 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a therapeutic class of agents designed to selectively deliver cytotoxic payloads to cancer cells. With the increasingly positioning of ADCs in the clinical practice, combinations with other treatment modalities, including radiation therapy (RT), will open new opportunities but also challenges. This review evaluates ADC-RT interactions, examining therapeutic synergies and potential caveats. ADC payloads can be radiosensitizing, enhancing cytotoxicity when used in combination with RT. Antigens targeted by ADCs can have various tissue expressions, resulting in possible off-target toxicities by tissue radiosensitization. Notably, the HER-2-directed ADC trastuzumab emtansine has appeared to increase the risk of radionecrosis when used concomitantly with brain RT, as glial cells can express HER2, too. Other possible organ-specific effects are discussed, such as pulmonary and cardiac toxicities. The lack of robust clinical data on the ADC-RT combination raises concerns regarding specific side effects and the ultimate trade-off of toxicity and safety of some combined approaches. Clinical studies are needed to assess ADC-RT combination safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Natangelo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chrysanthi Koukoutzeli
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Ullah A, Shehzadi S, Ullah N, Nawaz T, Iqbal H, Aziz T. Hypoxia A Typical Target in Human Lung Cancer Therapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:376-385. [PMID: 38031268 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037252820231114045234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Comprehensive knowledge of the cellular and molecular etiology of LC is perilous for the development of active treatment approaches. Hypoxia in cancer is linked with malignancy, and its phenotype is implicated in the hypoxic reaction, which is being studied as a prospective cancer treatment target. The hypervascularization of the tumor is the main feature of human LC, and hypoxia is a major stimulator of neo-angiogenesis. It was seen that low oxygen levels in human LC are a critical aspect of this lethal illness. However, as there is a considerable body of literature espousing the presumed functional relevance of hypoxia in LC, the direct measurement of oxygen concentration in Human LC is yet to be determined. This narrative review aims to show the importance and as a future target for novel research studies that can lead to the perception of LC therapy in hypoxic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Somia Shehzadi
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR, China
| | - Touseef Nawaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, 29050, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Iqbal
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Tariq Aziz
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310024, China
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15
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Soundararajan L, Warrier S, Dharmarajan A, Bhaskaran N. Predominant factors influencing reactive oxygen species in cancer stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:3-21. [PMID: 37997702 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its related signaling pathways and regulating molecules play a major role in the growth and development of cancer stem cells. The concept of ROS and cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been gaining much attention since the past decade and the evidence show that these CSCs possess robust self-renewal and tumorigenic potential and are resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy and believed to be responsible for tumor progression, metastasis, and recurrence. It seems reasonable to say that cancer can be cured only if the CSCs are eradicated. ROS are Janus-faced molecules that can regulate cellular physiology as well as induce cytotoxicity, depending on the magnitude, duration, and site of generation. Unlike normal cancer cells, CSCs expel ROS efficiently by upregulating ROS scavengers. This unique redox regulation in CSCs protects them from ROS-mediated cell death and nullifies the effect of radiation, leading to chemoresistance and radioresistance. However, how these CSCs control ROS production by scavenging free radicals and how they maintain low levels of ROS is a challenging to understand and these attributes make CSCs as prime therapeutic targets. Here, we summarize the mechanisms of redox regulation in CSCs, with a focus on therapy resistance, its various pathways and microRNAs regulation, and the potential therapeutic implications of manipulating the ROS levels to eradicate CSCs. A better understanding of these molecules, their interactions in the CSCs may help us to adopt proper control and treatment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loshini Soundararajan
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nādu, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nādu, India
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nādu, India
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16
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Klunko NS, Achmad H, Abdullah TM, Mohammed S, Saha I, Salim KS, Obaid RF, Romero-Parra RM, Al-Hasnawi SS, Al-Janabi WH, Farhood B. The Anti-hypoxia Potentials of Trans-sodium Crocetinate in Hypoxiarelated Diseases: A Review. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:30-37. [PMID: 37877507 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710268127231020083505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Crocetin is a kind of apocarotenoid carboxylic acid extracted from saffron (Crocus sativus L.), which is effective in upregulating tissue oxygenation. However, crocetin is difficult to solubilize. It was shown that the trans isomer of crocetin is effective in improving oxygen diffusivity, while its cis isomer appears not to be. Hence, the isolated trans isomer of crocetin or trans-sodium crocetinate (TSC) can be used instead of crocetin. It is shown that TSC can upregulate hypoxic tissue oxygenation and be effective in treating some hypoxia-related diseases. Moreover, experimental and clinical studies have reported no adverse effects following TSC treatment, even at high doses. The current study will discuss the potential role of TSC in hemorrhagic shock, ischemia, brain tumor radiotherapy, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Klunko
- Department of Training of Scientific and Scientific-Pedagogical Personnel, Russian New University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Harun Achmad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Sami Mohammed
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Indranil Saha
- Department of Physics, GLA University, Mathura, Pin- 281406, U.P., India
| | | | - Rasha Fadhel Obaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | | | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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17
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Vetritti L, Kopyra J, Wierzbicka P, Varella MTDN. Fragmentation of the DNA Lesion 8-oxo-Guanine by Low-Energy Electrons. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7470-7478. [PMID: 37661383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
8-oxo-Guanine is a mutagenic lesion produced by reactions involving reactive oxygen species and guanine in DNA. Its production induces mispairing between the canonical nucleobases during DNA replication such that various types of cancers are associated with the DNA lesion. Since radiation therapy is used in some cases, the interaction of low-energy electrons with 8-oxo-guanine can in turn produce other reactive species, which in principle could have either a detrimental or protective effect on the organism. Motivated by these facts, we report a comparative experimental study of electron-induced fragmentation of guanine and 8-oxo-guanine, along with a theoretical study of the π* shape resonances and bound anion states, which may trigger those dissociation reactions. The electron-induced fragmentation of 8-oxo-guanine is remarkably distinct from the native form. More complex reactions were observed for the oxidized species, which may produce several anion fragments at very low energies (∼0 eV). The dehydrogenated parent anion, which is already a minor fragment in guanine, was completely suppressed in 8-oxo-guanine. The calculated thermodynamical thresholds also suggest that NH2 elimination in guanine, at sub-excitation energies, proceeds via a complex reaction involving rearrangement steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vetritti
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janina Kopyra
- Faculty of Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Paulina Wierzbicka
- Faculty of Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Márcio T do N Varella
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Boopathi E, Den RB, Thangavel C. Innate Immune System in the Context of Radiation Therapy for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3972. [PMID: 37568788 PMCID: PMC10417569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) remains an integral component of modern oncology care, with most cancer patients receiving radiation as a part of their treatment plan. The main goal of ionizing RT is to control the local tumor burden by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis within the tumor cells. The advancement in RT, including intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), stereotactic body RT (SBRT), image-guided RT, and proton therapy, have increased the efficacy of RT, equipping clinicians with techniques to ensure precise and safe administration of radiation doses to tumor cells. In this review, we present the technological advancement in various types of RT methods and highlight their clinical utility and associated limitations. This review provides insights into how RT modulates innate immune signaling and the key players involved in modulating innate immune responses, which have not been well documented earlier. Apoptosis of cancer cells following RT triggers immune systems that contribute to the eradication of tumors through innate and adoptive immunity. The innate immune system consists of various cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, which serve as key mediators of innate immunity in response to RT. This review will concentrate on the significance of the innate myeloid and lymphoid lineages in anti-tumorigenic processes triggered by RT. Furthermore, we will explore essential strategies to enhance RT efficacy. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to comprehend the clinical application and limitations of various RT methods and provides insights into how RT modulates innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettickan Boopathi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert B. Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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19
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Liew LP, Shome A, Wong WW, Hong CR, Hicks KO, Jamieson SMF, Hay MP. Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Nitroimidazole Radiosensitisers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114457. [PMID: 37298933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of hypoxic tumour cells in resistance to radiotherapy, and in suppression of immune response, continues to endorse tumour hypoxia as a bona fide, yet largely untapped, drug target. Radiotherapy innovations such as stereotactic body radiotherapy herald new opportunities for classical oxygen-mimetic radiosensitisers. Only nimorazole is used clinically as a radiosensitiser, and there is a dearth of new radiosensitisers in development. In this report, we augment previous work to present new nitroimidazole alkylsulfonamides and we document their cytotoxicity and ability to radiosensitise anoxic tumour cells in vitro. We compare radiosensitisation with etanidazole and earlier nitroimidazole sulfonamide analogues and we identify 2-nitroimidazole and 5-nitroimidazole analogues with marked tumour radiosensitisation in ex vivo assays of surviving clonogens and with in vivo tumour growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia P Liew
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Avik Shome
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Way W Wong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Cho R Hong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kevin O Hicks
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Hay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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20
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Saqib M, Izadi F, Isierhienrhien LU, Ončák M, Denifl S. Decomposition of triazole and 3-nitrotriazole upon low-energy electron attachment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13892-13901. [PMID: 37183636 PMCID: PMC10207873 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01162c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Compounds based on nitrotriazole have been studied for their application as potential radiosensitizers for the treatment of tumors and as energetic materials. In the former application, the initial reduction of the compounds may serve as a mechanism which leads to the formation of tumor-active species. In this study, we investigated the fundamental properties of anion formation in isolated 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (3NTR) molecules upon attachment of low-energy electrons. The resulting product anions formed were detected via mass spectrometry. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to study the dissociation pathways and to derive the threshold energies. We also studied the attachment of electrons to the native 1H-1,2,4-triazole (TR) molecule, revealing the influence of the nitro group on anion formation. Comparing the results for these two systems, we computationally observed a considerable more stable parent anion for 3NTR, which results in significantly more effective degradation of the molecule at lower electron energies. Although characteristic fragmentation reactions in the presence of the nitro group were observed (like formation of NO2- or the release of an OH radical), the main dissociation channel for the 3NTR anion turned out to be the direct dissociation of a hydrogen radical by a single bond cleavage, which we also observed for TR as the main channel. Thus, the triazole ring shows a pronounced stability against electron attachment-induced cleavage compared, for example, to the imidazole ring, which is found in common nitroimidazolic radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences Innsbruck, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Farhad Izadi
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences Innsbruck, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leon U Isierhienrhien
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences Innsbruck, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Diaz-Dussan D, Peng YY, Rashed FB, Macdonald D, Weinfeld M, Kumar P, Narain R. Optimized Carbohydrate-Based Nanogel Formulation to Sensitize Hypoxic Tumors. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37148327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors are often poorly vascularized, which impairs oxygen supply and drug delivery to the cells. This often leads to genetic and translational adaptations that promote tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemo-/radiotherapy and immunotherapy. A hypoxia-directed nanosensitizer formulation of a hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP) was developed by encapsulating iodoazomycin arabinofuranoside (IAZA), a 2-nitroimidazole nucleoside-based HAP, in a functionally modified carbohydrate-based nanogel, facilitating delivery and accrual selectively in the hypoxic head and neck and prostate cancer cells. Although IAZA has been reported as a clinically validated hypoxia diagnostic agent, recent studies have pointed to its promising hypoxia-selective anti-tumor properties, which make IAZA an excellent candidate for further exploration as a multimodal theranostic of hypoxic tumors. The nanogels are composed of a galactose-based shell with an inner core of thermoresponsive (di(ethylene glycol) methyl ethyl methacrylate) (DEGMA). Optimization of the nanogels led to high IAZA-loading capacity (≅80-88%) and a slow time-controlled release over 50 h. Furthermore, nanoIAZA (encapsulated IAZA) displayed superior in vitro hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity and radiosensitization in comparison to free IAZA in the head and neck (FaDu) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. The acute systemic toxicity profile of the nanogel (NG1) was studied in immunocompromised mice, indicating no signs of toxicity. Additionally, growth inhibition of subcutaneous FaDu xenograft tumors was observed with nanoIAZA, demonstrating that this nanoformulation offers a significant improvement in tumor regression and overall survival compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Diaz-Dussan
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yi-Yang Peng
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Faisal Bin Rashed
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dawn Macdonald
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Prades-Sagarra È, Yaromina A, Dubois LJ. Polyphenols as Potential Protectors against Radiation-Induced Adverse Effects in Patients with Thoracic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092412. [PMID: 37173877 PMCID: PMC10177176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the standard treatment approaches used against thoracic cancers, occasionally combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. However, these cancers are often not highly sensitive to standard of care treatments, making the use of high dose radiotherapy necessary, which is linked with high rates of radiation-induced adverse effects in healthy tissues of the thorax. These tissues remain therefore dose-limiting factors in radiation oncology despite recent technological advances in treatment planning and delivery of irradiation. Polyphenols are metabolites found in plants that have been suggested to improve the therapeutic window by sensitizing the tumor to radiotherapy, while simultaneously protecting normal cells from therapy-induced damage by preventing DNA damage, as well as having anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties. This review focuses on the radioprotective effect of polyphenols and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects in the normal tissue, especially in the lung, heart and esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èlia Prades-Sagarra
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Kogikoski S, Ameixa J, Mostafa A, Bald I. Lab-on-a-DNA origami: nanoengineered single-molecule platforms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4726-4741. [PMID: 37000514 PMCID: PMC10111202 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA origami nanostructures are self-assembled into almost arbitrary two- and three-dimensional shapes from a long, single-stranded viral scaffold strand and a set of short artificial oligonucleotides. Each DNA strand can be functionalized individually using well-established DNA chemistry, representing addressable sites that allow for the nanometre precise placement of various chemical entities such as proteins, molecular chromophores, nanoparticles, or simply DNA motifs. By means of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, these entities can be visualized or detected, and either their mutual interaction or their interaction with external stimuli such as radiation can be studied. This gives rise to the Lab-on-a-DNA origami approach, which is introduced in this Feature Article, and the state-of-the-art is summarized with a focus on light-harvesting nanoantennas and DNA platforms for single-molecule analysis either by optical spectroscopy or atomic force microscopy (AFM). Light-harvesting antennas can be generated by the precise arrangement of chromophores to channel and direct excitation energy. At the same time, plasmonic nanoparticles represent a complementary approach to focus light on the nanoscale. Plasmonic nanoantennas also allow for the observation of single molecules either by Raman scattering or fluorescence spectroscopy and DNA origami platforms provide unique opportunities to arrange nanoparticles and molecules to be studied. Finally, the analysis of single DNA motifs by AFM allows for an investigation of radiation-induced processes in DNA with unprecedented detail and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Kogikoski
- Institute of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - João Ameixa
- Institute of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Amr Mostafa
- Institute of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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24
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Falkiewicz K, Kozak W, Zdrowowicz M, Spisz P, Chomicz-Mańka L, Torchala M, Rak J. Why 6-Iodouridine Cannot Be Used as a Radiosensitizer of DNA Damage? Computational and Experimental Studies. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2565-2574. [PMID: 36893332 PMCID: PMC10041638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous density functional theory (DFT) studies on 6-brominated pyrimidine nucleosides suggest that 6-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (6IdU) should act as a better radiosensitizer than its 5-iodosubstituted 2'-deoxyuridine analogue. In this work, we show that 6IdU is unstable in an aqueous solution. Indeed, a complete disappearance of the 6IdU signal was observed during its isolation by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). As indicated by the thermodynamic characteristics for the SN1-type hydrolysis of 6IdU obtained at the CAM-B3LYP/DGDZVP++ level and the polarizable continuum model (PCM) of water, 6-iodouracil (6IU) was already released quantitatively at ambient temperatures. The simulation of the hydrolysis kinetics demonstrated that a thermodynamic equilibrium was reached within seconds for the title compound. To assess the reliability of the calculations carried out, we synthesized 6-iodouridine (6IUrd), which was, unlike 6IdU, sufficiently stable in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The activation barrier for the N-glycosidic bond dissociation in 6IUrd was estimated experimentally using an Arrhenius plot. The stabilities in water calculated for 6IdU, 6IUrd, and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (5IdU) could be explained by the electronic and steric effects of the 2'-hydroxy group present in the ribose moiety. Our studies highlight the issue of the hydrolytic stability of potentially radiosensitizing nucleotides which, besides having favorable dissociative electron attachment (DEA) characteristics, must be stable in water to have any practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Falkiewicz
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Witold Kozak
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zdrowowicz
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Spisz
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
- Laboratory of Intermolecular Interactions, Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz-Mańka
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Torchala
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rak
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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25
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Hoque S, Dhar R, Kar R, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee D, Mukerjee N, Nag S, Tomar N, Mallik S. Cancer stem cells (CSCs): key player of radiotherapy resistance and its clinical significance. Biomarkers 2023; 28:139-151. [PMID: 36503350 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2157875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing and slow-multiplying micro subpopulations in tumour microenvironments. CSCs contribute to cancer's resistance to radiation (including radiation) and other treatments. CSCs control the heterogeneity of the tumour. It alters the tumour's microenvironment cellular singling and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Current research decodes the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and CSCs interlink in radiation resistance. Exosome is a subpopulation of EVs and originated from plasma membrane. It is secreted by several active cells. It involed in cellular communication and messenger of healthly and multiple pathological complications. Exosomal biological active cargos (DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and glycan), are capable to transform recipient cells' nature. The molecular signatures of CSCs and CSC-derived exosomes are potential source of cancer theranostics development. This review discusse cancer stem cells, radiation-mediated CSCs development, EMT associated with CSCs, the role of exosomes in radioresistance development, the current state of radiation therapy and the use of CSCs and CSCs-derived exosomes biomolecules as a clinical screening biomarker for cancer. This review gives new researchers a reason to keep an eye on the next phase of scientific research into cancer theranostics that will help mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminur Hoque
- Department of Radiology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rishav Kar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Namrata Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Saurav Mallik
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Xie Y, Liu M, Cai C, Ye C, Guo T, Yang K, Xiao H, Tang X, Liu H. Recent progress of hydrogel-based local drug delivery systems for postoperative radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1027254. [PMID: 36860309 PMCID: PMC9969147 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1027254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy remained the most common therapeutic modalities for malignant tumors. However, tumor recurrence after receiving such combination is difficult to be avoided because of high invasiveness and radiation resistance of cancer cells during long-term therapy. Hydrogels, as novel local drug delivery systems, presented excellent biocompatibility, high drug loading capacity and sustained drug release property. Compared with conventional drug formulations, hydrogels are able to be administered intraoperatively and directly release the entrapped therapeutic agents to the unresectable tumor sites. Therefore, hydrogel-based local drug delivery systems have their unique advantages especially in sensitizing postoperative radiotherapy. In this context, classification and biological properties of hydrogels were firstly introduced. Then, recent progress and application of hydrogels for postoperative radiotherapy were summarized. Finally, the prospects and challenges of hydrogels in postoperative radiotherapy were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Neurosurgery, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Chengkun Ye
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tangjun Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Hongyi Liu, ; Xianglong Tang, ; Hong Xiao,
| | - Xianglong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Hongyi Liu, ; Xianglong Tang, ; Hong Xiao,
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Hongyi Liu, ; Xianglong Tang, ; Hong Xiao,
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27
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PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Sorafenib Combined with Thermosensitive Hydrogel System and Microwave Hyperthermia for Multiple Sensitized Radiotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020487. [PMID: 36839808 PMCID: PMC9965455 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is typically the leading cause of radiotherapy (RT) resistance in solid tumors, and glutathione (GSH) overexpression in tumor cells is a potent antioxidant mechanism that protects tumor cells from radiation damage. Herein, we developed a sorafenib (SFN) loaded-PLGA hydrogel system (SPH) in combination with microwave (MW) hyperthermia for RT sensitization. SPH with stable properties was produced by combining SFN and PLGA in a specific ratio and encapsulating the mixture in agarose hydrogel. Intratumoral injection of SPH to mice combined with MW hyperthermia can not only directly cause thermal damage to tumor cells, but also increase blood oxygen delivery to the tumor site, thus overcoming the problem of intratumoral hypoxia and achieving "first layer" RT sensitization. Moreover, high temperatures can cause the hydrogel to disintegrate and release SFN. Not only can SFN inhibit tumor growth, but it can also achieve the "second layer" of RT sensitization by inhibiting glutathione (GSH) synthesis in cells and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, have indicated that SPH and MW hyperthermia can achieve a double RT sensitization effect and a significant tumor inhibition effect. In conclusion, combining our SPH nanosystem and thermoradiotherapy is a promising anti-tumor treatment.
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28
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Song X, Sun Z, Li L, Zhou L, Yuan S. Application of nanomedicine in radiotherapy sensitization. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1088878. [PMID: 36874097 PMCID: PMC9977159 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1088878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an important component of cancer treatment. As research in radiotherapy techniques advances, new methods to enhance tumor response to radiation need to be on the agenda to enable enhanced radiation therapy at low radiation doses. With the rapid development of nanotechnology and nanomedicine, the use of nanomaterials as radiosensitizers to enhance radiation response and overcome radiation resistance has attracted great interest. The rapid development and application of emerging nanomaterials in the biomedical field offers good opportunities to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy, which helps to promote the development of radiation therapy and will be applied in clinical practice in the near future. In this paper, we discuss the main types of nano-radiosensitizers and explore their sensitization mechanisms at the tissue level, cellular level and even molecular biology and genetic level, and analyze the current status of promising nano-radiosensitizers and provide an outlook on their future development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Song
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenkun Sun
- Shunde Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Shunde Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuanghu Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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29
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Smith PJ, McKeown SR, Patterson LH. Targeting DNA topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment using unidirectional hypoxia-activated prodrugs (uHAPs). IUBMB Life 2023; 75:40-54. [PMID: 35499745 PMCID: PMC10084299 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxic tumour microenvironment (hTME), arising from inadequate and chaotic vascularity, can present a major obstacle for the treatment of solid tumours. Hypoxic tumour cells compromise responses to treatment since they can generate resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The hTME impairs the delivery of a range of anti-cancer drugs, creates routes for metastasis and exerts selection pressures for aggressive phenotypes; these changes potentially occur within an immunosuppressed environment. Therapeutic strategies aimed at the hTME include targeting the molecular changes associated with hypoxia. An alternative approach is to exploit the prevailing lack of oxygen as a principle for the selective activation of prodrugs to target cellular components within the hTME. This review focuses on the design concepts and rationale for the use of unidirectional Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs (uHAPs) to target the hTME as exemplified by the uHAPs AQ4N and OCT1002. These agents undergo irreversible reduction in a hypoxic environment to active forms that target DNA topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A). This nuclear enzyme is essential for cell division and is a recognised chemotherapeutic target. An activated uHAP interacts with the enzyme-DNA complex to induce DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and tumour cell death. uHAPs are designed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional HAPs and offer unique pharmacodynamic properties for effective targeting of TOP2A in the hTME. uHAP therapy in combination with standard of care treatments has the potential to enhance outcomes by co-addressing the therapeutic challenge presented by the hTME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Smith
- Cancer and Genetics Division, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Laurence H Patterson
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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30
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Rauta PR, Mackeyev Y, Sanders K, Kim JB, Gonzalez VV, Zahra Y, Shohayeb MA, Abousaida B, Vijay GV, Tezcan O, Derry P, Liopo AV, Zubarev ER, Carter R, Singh P, Krishnan S. Pancreatic tumor microenvironmental acidosis and hypoxia transform gold nanorods into cell-penetrant particles for potent radiosensitization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9729. [PMID: 36367938 PMCID: PMC9651859 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coating nanoparticles with stealth epilayers increases circulation time by evading opsonization, macrophage phagocytosis, and reticuloendothelial sequestration. However, this also reduces internalization by cancer cells upon reaching the tumor. We designed gold nanorods (GNRs) with an epilayer that retains stealth properties in circulation but transforms spontaneously in the acidotic tumor microenvironment to a cell-penetrating particle. We used a customized stoichiometric ratio of l-glutamic acid and l-lysine within an amphiphilic polymer of poly(l-glutamic acid-co-l-lysine), or P(Glu-co-Lys), to effect this transformation in acidotic environments. P(Glu-co-Lys)-GNRs were internalized by cancer cells to facilitate potent in vitro radiosensitization. When administered intravenously in mice, they accumulate in the periphery and core of tumors without any signs of serum biochemical or hematological alterations, normal organ histopathological abnormalities, or overt deterioration in animal health. Furthermore, P(Glu-co-Lys)-GNRs penetrated the tumor microenvironment to accumulate in the hypoxic cores of tumors to potently radiosensitize heterotopic and orthotopic pancreatic cancers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keith Sanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph B.K. Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yasmin Zahra
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Belal Abousaida
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Okan Tezcan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Derry
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anton V. Liopo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Rickey Carter
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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31
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Shetake NG, Ali M, Kumar A, Bellare J, Pandey BN. Theranostic magnetic nanoparticles enhance DNA damage and mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardio-toxicity for effective multi-modal tumor therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213147. [PMID: 36260957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The chemo-therapeutic efficacy of Doxorubicin (Dox), a potent anti-cancer drug used in the treatment of several solid tumors, is severely compromised by its cardio-toxicity. To overcome this shortcoming and exploit the utmost theranostic potential of nano-formulations, magnetic nanoparticles co-encapsulated with Dox and indocyanine green (ICG) in a liposomal carrier and tagged with cyclic RGD peptide were rationally designed and synthesized. These magneto-liposomes (T-LMD) showed αvβ3-integrin receptor targeting and higher cyto-toxicity in several cancer cell lines (i.e. lung, breast, skin, brain and liver cancer) in combination with or without gamma radiation or magnetic hyperthermia therapy as compared to clinical liposomal nano-formulation of Dox (Lippod™). Mechanism of chemo-radio-sensitization was found to involve activation of JNK mediated pro-apoptotic signaling axis and delayed repair of DNA double strand breaks. Real time imaging of ICG labeled T-LMD suggested ~6-18 fold higher tumor accumulation of T-LMD as compared to off-target organs (kidney, liver, spleen, intestine, lungs and heart) and resulted in its higher combinatorial (chemo-radio-hyperthermia) tumor therapy efficacy as compared to Lippod™. Moreover, T-LMD showed insignificant toxicity to the heart tissue as suggested by serum levels of CK-MB, histo-pathological analysis, anti-oxidant enzyme activities (Catalase and GST) and markers of cardiac fibrosis, suggesting its potential for targeted multi-modal therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena G Shetake
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Manjoor Ali
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Badri N Pandey
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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32
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Lozano AI, Kossoski F, Blanco F, Limão-Vieira P, Varella MTDN, García G. Observation of Transient Anions That Do Not Decay through Dissociative Electron Attachment: New Pathways for Radiosensitization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7001-7008. [PMID: 35894633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy electrons (LEEs) can very efficiently induce bond breaking via dissociative electron attachment (DEA). While DEA is ubiquitous, the importance of other reactions initiated by LEEs remains much more elusive. Here, we looked into this question by measuring highly accurate total cross sections for electron scattering from 1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (1M5NI), a model radiosensitizer. The small uncertainty and high energy resolution allow us to identify many resonant features related to the formation of transient anions. In addition to novel insights about DEA reactions through the lower-lying resonances, our key finding is that the higher-lying resonances do not undergo DEA, implying alternative decay channels with significant cross sections. In particular, dissociation into two neutral fragments is probably involved in the case of 1M5NI. This finding has direct implications for the understanding of LEE-induced chemistry, particularly in the fundamental processes underlying the radiosensitization activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Lozano
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fábris Kossoski
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Francisco Blanco
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulo Limão-Vieira
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Márcio T do N Varella
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1731, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia
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Kumar S, Ben Chouikha I, Kerkeni B, García G, Limão-Vieira P. Bound Electron Enhanced Radiosensitisation of Nimorazole upon Charge Transfer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134134. [PMID: 35807379 PMCID: PMC9268075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This novel work reports nimorazole (NIMO) radiosensitizer reduction upon electron transfer in collisions with neutral potassium (K) atoms in the lab frame energy range of 10–400 eV. The negative ions formed in this energy range were time-of-flight mass analyzed and branching ratios were obtained. Assignment of different anions showed that more than 80% was due to the formation of the non-dissociated parent anion NIMO•− at 226 u and nitrogen dioxide anion NO2− at 46 u. The rich fragmentation pattern revealed that significant collision induced the decomposition of the 4-nitroimidazole ring, as well as other complex internal reactions within the temporary negative ion formed after electron transfer to neutral NIMO. Other fragment anions were only responsible for less than 20% of the total ion yield. Additional information on the electronic state spectroscopy of nimorazole was obtained by recording a K+ energy loss spectrum in the forward scattering direction (θ ≈ 0°), allowing us to determine the most accessible electronic states within the temporary negative ion. Quantum chemical calculations on the electronic structure of NIMO in the presence of a potassium atom were performed to help assign the most significant lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals participating in the collision process. Electron transfer was shown to be a relevant process for nimorazole radiosensitisation through efficient and prevalent non-dissociated parent anion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Islem Ben Chouikha
- Département de Physique, LPMC, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Boutheïna Kerkeni
- Département de Physique, LPMC, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
- ISAMM, Université de La Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (P.L.-V.)
| | - Gustavo García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paulo Limão-Vieira
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (P.L.-V.)
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Low-Energy Electron Induced Reactions in Metronidazole at Different Solvation Conditions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060701. [PMID: 35745620 PMCID: PMC9227036 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole belongs to the class of nitroimidazole molecules and has been considered as a potential radiosensitizer for radiation therapy. During the irradiation of biological tissue, secondary electrons are released that may interact with molecules of the surrounding environment. Here, we present a study of electron attachment to metronidazole that aims to investigate possible reactions in the molecule upon anion formation. Another purpose is to elucidate the effect of microhydration on electron-induced reactions in metronidazole. We use two crossed electron/molecular beam devices with the mass-spectrometric analysis of formed anions. The experiments are supported by quantum chemical calculations on thermodynamic properties such as electron affinities and thresholds of anion formation. For the single molecule, as well as the microhydrated condition, we observe the parent radical anion as the most abundant product anion upon electron attachment. A variety of fragment anions are observed for the isolated molecule, with NO2- as the most abundant fragment species. NO2- and all other fragment anions except weakly abundant OH- are quenched upon microhydration. The relative abundances suggest the parent radical anion of metronidazole as a biologically relevant species after the physicochemical stage of radiation damage. We also conclude from the present results that metronidazole is highly susceptible to low-energy electrons.
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Deng H, Liu W, Yang X, Li K, Liao W, Zhao P, Yang Y, Wei H, Wang J, Chen Y. Preliminary evaluation and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of [131I]I-trastuzumab in HER2 expressing ovarian cancer cells. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Prospective Application of Ferroptosis in Hypoxic Cells for Tumor Radiotherapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050921. [PMID: 35624785 PMCID: PMC9137794 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays an increasingly important role in cancer treatment. It can inhibit the progression of various cancers through radiation-induced DNA breakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload. Unfortunately, solid tumors, such as breast and lung cancer, often develop a hypoxic microenvironment due to insufficient blood supply and rapid tumor proliferation, thereby affecting the effectiveness of radiation therapy. Restraining hypoxia and improving the curative effect of radiotherapy have become difficult problems. Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation due to iron metabolism disorders and ROS accumulation. It plays an important role in both hypoxia and radiotherapy and can enhance the radiosensitivity of hypoxic tumor cells by amplifying oxidative stress or inhibiting antioxidant regulation. In this review, we summarize the internal relationship and related mechanisms between ferroptosis and hypoxia, thus exploring the possibility of inducing ferroptosis to improve the prognosis of hypoxic tumors.
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Swartz JE, Smits HJG, Philippens MEP, de Bree R, H A M Kaanders J, Willems SM. Correlation and colocalization of HIF-1α and pimonidazole staining for hypoxia in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas: A digital, single-cell-based analysis. Oral Oncol 2022; 128:105862. [PMID: 35447566 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor hypoxia results in worse local control and patient survival. We performed a digital, single-cell-based analysis to compare two biomarkers for hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [HIF-1α] and pimonidazole [PIMO]) and their effect on outcome in laryngeal cancer patients treated with accelerated radiotherapy with or without carbogen breathing and nicotinamide (AR versus ARCON). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed for HIF-1α and PIMO in consecutive sections of 44 laryngeal cancer patients randomized between AR and ARCON. HIF-1α expression and PIMO-binding were correlated using digital image analysis in QuPath. High-density areas for each biomarker were automatically annotated and staining overlap was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses for local control, regional control and disease-free survival were performed to predict a response benefit of ARCON over AR alone for each biomarker. RESULTS 106 Tissue fragments of 44 patients were analyzed. A weak, significant positive correlation was observed between HIF-1α and PIMO positivity on fragment level, but not on patient level. A moderate strength correlation (r = 0.705, p < 0.001) was observed between the number of high-density staining areas for both biomarkers. Staining overlap was poor. HIF-1α expression, PIMO-binding or a combination could not predict a response benefit of ARCON over AR. CONCLUSION Digital image analysis to compare positive cell fractions and staining overlap between two hypoxia biomarkers using open-source software is feasible. Our results highlight that there are distinct differences between HIF-1α and PIMO as hypoxia biomarkers and therefore suggest co-existence of different forms of hypoxia within a single tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Swartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hilde J G Smits
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H A M Kaanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Zdrowowicz M, Datta M, Rychłowski M, Rak J. Radiosensitization of PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells by 5-Thiocyanato-2'-deoxyuridine. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082035. [PMID: 35454941 PMCID: PMC9025292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiation therapy is one of the main treatments for cancer. However, the success of treatment by radiation therapy is largely dependent on tumor radiosensitivity. To improve therapeutic outcomes, radiation therapy should be combined with the use of a radiosensitizer which enables irradiation at lower doses with higher efficacies. 5-Thiocyanato-2′-deoxyuridine has been reported as a potential radiosensitizer of DNA damage based on advanced radiation chemical studies. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate the radiosensitizing properties of this modified nucleoside at the cellular level. The tested analogue increases the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation which is, at least partially, related to an increase in the number of DNA double-strand breaks and cell cycle regulation. Abstract Purpose: The radiosensitizing properties of uracil analogs modified in the C5 position are very interesting in the context of their effectiveness and safety in radiation therapy. Recently, radiation chemical studies have confirmed that 5-thiocyanato-2′-deoxyuridine (SCNdU) undergoes dissociation induced by an excess electron attachment and established this nucleoside as a potential radiosensitizer. In this paper, we verify the sensitizing properties of SCNdU at the cellular level and prove that it can effectively enhance ionizing radiation-induced cellular death. Methods and Materials: Prostate cancer cells were treated with SCNdU and irradiated with X rays. The cytotoxicity of SCNdU was determined by MTT test. Cell proliferation was assessed using a clonogenic assay. Cell cycle analyses, DNA damage, and cell death analyses were performed by flow cytometry. Results: SCNdU treatment significantly suppressed the proliferation and increased the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells. The radiosensitizing effect expressed by the dose enhancement factor is equal to 1.69. Simultaneous exposure of cells to SCNdU and radiation causes an increase in the fraction of the most radiosensitive G2/M phase, enhancement of the histone H2A.X phosphorylation level, and apoptosis induction. Finally, SCNdU turned out to be marginally cytotoxic in the absence of ionizing radiation. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that SCNdU treatment enhances the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells in a manner associated with the cell cycle regulation, double strand formation, and a slight induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zdrowowicz
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.D.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Datta
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.D.); (J.R.)
| | - Michał Rychłowski
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Janusz Rak
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.D.); (J.R.)
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Yang Y, Liu B, Liu Y, Chen J, Sun Y, Pan X, Xu J, Xu S, Liu Z, Tan W. DNA-Based MXFs to Enhance Radiotherapy and Stimulate Robust Antitumor Immune Responses. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2826-2834. [PMID: 35344667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal "X" Frameworks (MXFs) constructed from metal ions and biomacromolecules ("X components") via coordination interactions show crystalline structures and diverse functionalities. Here, a series of MXFs composed of various metal ions (e.g., Zn2+, Hf4+, Ca2+) and DNA oligodeoxynucleotides were reported. With MXF consisting of Hf4+ and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as the example, we show that such Hf-CpG MXF can achieve high-Z elements-enhanced photon radiotherapy and further trigger robust tumor-specific immune responses, thus showing efficient tumor suppression ability. In vivo experiments showed that external beam radiotherapy applied on tumors locally injected with Hf-CpG MXF result in the thorough elimination of primary tumors, complete inhibition of tumor metastasis, and protection against tumor rechallenge by triggering robust antitumor immune responses. Our findings provide a blueprint for fabricating a variety of rationally designed MXFs with desired functions and present the strategy of stimulating whole-body systemic immune responses by only local treatment of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yujia Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Xiaoshu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Reissig F, Runge R, Naumann A, Kotzerke J. Cisplatin - A more Efficient Drug in Combination with Radionuclides? Nuklearmedizin 2022; 61:325-332. [PMID: 35388443 DOI: 10.1055/a-1759-1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The combination of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs with radionuclides or external radiation is discussed for a long period of time. The major advantage of a successful combination therapy is the reduction of severe side effects by decreasing the needed dose and simultaneously increasing therapeutic efficiency. METHODS In this study, pUC19 plasmid DNA was incubated with the cytostatic drug cisplatin and additionally irradiated with 99mTc, 188Re and 223Ra. To verify the contribution of possibly excited platinum atoms to the emission of Auger electrons we determined DNA damages, such as single- and double strand breaks. RESULTS The threshold concentration value of cisplatin, which was tolerated by pUC19 plasmid DNA was determined to be 18-24 nM. Nevertheless, even at higher dose values (>100 Gy) and simultaneous incubation of cisplatin to 200 ng plasmid DNA, no significant increase in the number of induced single- and double-strand breaks was obtained, compared to the damage solely caused by the radionuclides. CONCLUSION We thereby conclude that there is no direct dependence of the mechanism of strand break induction to the absence or presence of platinum atoms attached to the DNA. Reported increasing DNA damages in therapy approaches on a cellular level strongly depend on the study design and are mainly influenced by repair mechanisms in living cells. Nevertheless, the use of radioactive cisplatin, containing the Auger electron emitter 191Pt, 193mPt or 195mPt, is a bright prospect for future therapy by killing tumor cells combining two operating principles: a cytostatic drug and a radiopharmaceutical at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roswitha Runge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Naumann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Cornetta LM, Martinez TJ, Varella MTDN. Dissociative electron attachment to 5-bromo-uracil: non-adiabatic dynamics on complex-valued potential energy surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6845-6855. [PMID: 35253036 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05663h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Electron induced dissociation reactions are relevant to many fields, ranging from prebiotic chemistry to cancer treatments. However, the simulation of dissociation electron attachment (DEA) dynamics is very challenging because the auto-ionization widths of the transient negative ions must be accounted for. We propose an adaptation of the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method for complex-valued potential energy surfaces, along the lines of recent developments based on surface hopping dynamics. Our approach combines models for the energy dependence of the auto-ionization widths, obtained from scattering calculations, with survival probabilities computed for the trajectory basis functions employed in the AIMS dynamics. The method is applied to simulate the DEA dynamics of 5-bromo-uracil in full dimensionality, i.e., taking all the vibrational modes into consideration. The propagation starts on the resonance state and describes the formation of Br- anions mediated by non-adiabatic couplings. The potential energies, gradients and non-adiabatic couplings were computed with the fractional-occupancy molecular orbital complete-active-space configuration-interaction method, and the calculated DEA cross section are consistent with the observed DEA intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Cornetta
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, 777 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Marcio T do N Varella
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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HF Formation through Dissociative Electron Attachment-A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on Pentafluorothiophenol and 2-Fluorothiophenol. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052430. [PMID: 35269573 PMCID: PMC8910151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In chemoradiation therapy, dissociative electron attachment (DEA) may play an important role with respect to the efficiency of the radiosensitizers used. The rational tailoring of such radiosensitizers to be more susceptive to DEA may thus offer a path to increase their efficiency. Potentially, this may be achieved by tailoring rearrangement reactions into the DEA process such that these may proceed at low incident electron energies, where DEA is most effective. Favorably altering the orbital structure of the respective molecules through substitution is another path that may be taken to promote dissociation up on electron capture. Here we present a combined experimental and theoretical study on DEA in relation to pentafluorothiophenol (PFTP) and 2-fluorothiophenol (2-FTP). We investigate the thermochemistry and dynamics of neutral HF formation through DEA as means to lower the threshold for dissociation up on electron capture to these compounds, and we explore the influence of perfluorination on their orbital structure. Fragment ion yield curves are presented, and the thermochemical thresholds for the respective DEA processes are computed as well as the minimum energy paths for HF formation up on electron capture and the underlying orbital structure of the respective molecular anions. We show that perfluorination of the aromatic ring in these compounds plays an important role in enabling HF formation by further lowering the threshold for this process and through favorable influence on the orbital structure, such that DEA is promoted. We argue that this approach may offer a path for tailoring new and efficient radiosensitizers.
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Xu HG, Reshetnikov V, Wondrak M, Eckhardt L, Kunz-Schughart LA, Janko C, Tietze R, Alexiou C, Borchardt H, Aigner A, Gong W, Schmitt M, Sellner L, Daum S, Özkan HG, Mokhir A. Intracellular Amplifiers of Reactive Oxygen Species Affecting Mitochondria as Radiosensitizers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:208. [PMID: 35008371 PMCID: PMC8750417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) efficacy can be improved by using radiosensitizers, i.e., drugs enhancing the effect of ionizing radiation (IR). One of the side effects of RT includes damage of normal tissue in close proximity to the treated tumor. This problem can be solved by applying cancer specific radiosensitizers. N-Alkylaminoferrocene-based (NAAF) prodrugs produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Therefore, they can potentially act as cancer specific radiosensitizers. However, early NAAF prodrugs did not exhibit this property. Since functional mitochondria are important for RT resistance, we assumed that NAAF prodrugs affecting mitochondria in parallel with increasing intracellular ROS can potentially exhibit synergy with RT. We applied sequential Cu+-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloadditions (CuAAC) to obtain a series of NAAF derivatives with the goal of improving anticancer efficacies over already existing compounds. One of the obtained prodrugs (2c) exhibited high anticancer activity with IC50 values in the range of 5-7.1 µM in human ovarian carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, pancreatic carcinoma and T-cell leukemia cells retained moderate water solubility and showed cancer specificity. 2c strongly affects mitochondria of cancer cells, leading to the amplification of mitochondrial and total ROS production and thus causing cell death via necrosis and apoptosis. We observed that 2c acts as a radiosensitizer in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. This is the first demonstration of a synergy between the radiotherapy and NAAF-based ROS amplifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gui Xu
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
| | - Viktor Reshetnikov
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
| | - Marit Wondrak
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.W.); (L.E.); (L.A.K.-S.)
| | - Lisa Eckhardt
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.W.); (L.E.); (L.A.K.-S.)
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.W.); (L.E.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (R.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (R.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (R.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Hannes Borchardt
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (H.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (H.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Wenjie Gong
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (W.G.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (W.G.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (W.G.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steffen Daum
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
- Merck, Im Laternenacker 5, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Hülya Gizem Özkan
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
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Bhat V, Pellizzari S, Allan AL, Wong E, Lock M, Brackstone M, Lohmann AE, Cescon DW, Parsyan A. Radiotherapy and radiosensitization in breast cancer: Molecular targets and clinical applications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103566. [PMID: 34890802 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively poor survival outcomes are observed in advanced or metastatic breast cancer, where local control of the primary or metastatic disease may be achieved by surgical resection, local ablative and radiation therapies. Radioresistance, poses a major challenge in achieving durable oncologic outcomes, mandating development of novel management strategies. Although multimodality approaches that combine radiotherapy with chemotherapy, or systemic agents, are utilized for radiosensitization and treatment of various malignancies, this approach has not yet found its clinical application in breast cancer. Some agents for breast cancer treatment can serve as radiosensitizers, creating an opportunity to enhance effects of radiation while providing systemic disease control. Hence, combination of radiotherapy with radiosensitizing agents have the potential to improve oncologic outcomes in advanced or metastatic breast cancer. This review discusses molecular targets for radiosensitization and novel systemic agents that have potential for clinical use as radiosensitizers in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudeva Bhat
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sierra Pellizzari
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alison L Allan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Eugene Wong
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Michael Lock
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Muriel Brackstone
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada; Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ana Elisa Lohmann
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armen Parsyan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada; Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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45
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Satta M, Casavola AR, Cartoni A, Castrovilli MC, Catone D, Chiarinelli J, Borocci S, Avaldi L, Bolognesi P. Ionization of 2- and 4(5)-Nitroimidazoles Radiosensitizers: A "Kinetic Competition" Between NO 2 and NO Losses. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2387-2391. [PMID: 34597457 PMCID: PMC9293481 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitroimidazoles are a class of chemicals with a remarkable broad spectrum of applications from the production of explosives to the use as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. The understanding of thedynamics of their fragmentation induced by ionizing sources is of fundamental interest. The goal of this work is to theoretically investigate the kinetic competition between the two most important decomposition channels of 2, 4 and 5‐Nitroimidazole cations: the NO and NO2 losses. The calculated rate constants of the two processes are in very good agreement with the experimental Photoelectron‐Photoion Coincidence (PEPICO) branching ratio. This study solves the intriguing and theoretically unexplained experimental observation that 2‐Nitroimidazole, at variance with the other two regio‐isomers is a source for only NO at low energies (<12.76 eV). This is a key point for biomedical application of the nitroimidazoles, because NO is the vasodilator that favors the reoxigenation of hypoxic tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Satta
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN-CNR), Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Casavola
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Antonella Cartoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Roma La Sapienza, Pl.e Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Mattea Carmen Castrovilli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Daniele Catone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 2, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 10, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Jacopo Chiarinelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Stefano Borocci
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Avaldi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Paola Bolognesi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
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46
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Therapeutic targeting of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:751-772. [PMID: 34326502 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is prevalent in human tumours and contributes to microenvironments that shape cancer evolution and adversely affect therapeutic outcomes. Historically, two different tumour microenvironment (TME) research communities have been discernible. One has focused on physicochemical gradients of oxygen, pH and nutrients in the tumour interstitium, motivated in part by the barrier that hypoxia poses to effective radiotherapy. The other has focused on cellular interactions involving tumour and non-tumour cells within the TME. Over the past decade, strong links have been established between these two themes, providing new insights into fundamental aspects of tumour biology and presenting new strategies for addressing the effects of hypoxia and other microenvironmental features that arise from the inefficient microvascular system in solid tumours. This Review provides a perspective on advances at the interface between these two aspects of the TME, with a focus on translational therapeutic opportunities relating to the elimination and/or exploitation of tumour hypoxia.
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Cahoon P, Giacometti V, Casey F, Russell E, McGarry C, Prise KM, McMahon SJ. Investigating spatial fractionation and radiation induced bystander effects: a mathematical modelling approach. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34666318 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiation induced bystander effects (RIBEs) have been shown to cause death in cells receiving little or no physical dose. In standard radiotherapy, where uniform fields are delivered and all cells are directly exposed to radiation, this phenomenon can be neglected. However, the role of RIBEs may become more influential when heterogeneous fields are considered. Mathematical modelling can be used to determine how these heterogeneous fields might influence cell survival, but most established techniques account only for the direct effects of radiation. To gain a full appreciation of how non-uniform fields impact cell survival, it is also necessary to consider the indirect effects of radiation. In this work, we utilise a mathematical model that accounts for both the direct effects of radiation on cells and RIBEs. This model is used to investigate how spatially fractionated radiotherapy plans impact cell survivalin vitro. These predictions were compared to survival in normal and cancerous cells following exposure to spatially fractionated plans using a clinical linac. The model is also used to explore how spatially fractionated radiotherapy will impact tumour controlin vivo. Results suggest that spatially fractionated plans are associated with higher equivalent uniform doses than conventional uniform plans at clinically relevant doses. The model predicted only small changes changes in normal tissue complication probability, compared to the larger protection seen clinically. This contradicts a central paradigm of radiotherapy where uniform fields are assumed to maximise cell kill and may be important for future radiotherapy optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cahoon
- Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Giacometti
- Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.,Radiotherapy Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Casey
- Radiotherapy Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.,Nottingham Radiotherapy Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Russell
- Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Conor McGarry
- Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.,Radiotherapy Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Yang X, Wang Y, Mao T, Wang Y, Liu R, Yu L, Ding J. An oxygen-enriched thermosensitive hydrogel for the relief of a hypoxic tumor microenvironment and enhancement of radiotherapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7471-7482. [PMID: 34617528 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of tumor cells and tortuous vasculature in solid tumors often bring about a hypoxic tumor microenvironment, which renders tumor cells more resistant to many cancer treatments, including radiotherapy. In this study, an injectable and thermosensitive composite hydrogel composed of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) modified monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA-PFOA) and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) that presented a thermoreversible sol-gel transition upon heating was developed to deliver exogenous oxygen for the relief of tumor hypoxia and enhancement of radiotherapy. The fluorinated modification of copolymers significantly increased the stability of PFOB in the mPEG-PLGA-PFOA aqueous solution owing to the fluorophilic interaction between PFOB and PFOA-modified copolymers. The introduction of PFOB not only efficiently heightened the oxygen loading capacity of the composite hydrogel, but also endowed it with excellent X-ray opacity, allowing the visual observation of the hydrogel via micro-CT imaging. After peritumoral injection of the oxygen-enriched composite hydrogel, the continuous supply of oxygen effectively relieved tumor hypoxia and down-regulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Profiting from this, the hyposensitivity of tumor cells to radiation was successfully reversed, and the tumor growth in mice was significantly suppressed and the survival of mice was prolonged when combined with multiple X-ray exposure. As a result, the oxygen-enriched composite hydrogel shows a great potential for radiosensitization to improve the radiotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yaoben Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ruili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Xu Z, Ni K, Mao J, Luo T, Lin W. Monte Carlo Simulations Reveal New Design Principles for Efficient Nanoradiosensitizers Based on Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104249. [PMID: 34432917 PMCID: PMC8492529 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) have recently been shown to provide better radiosensitization than solid nanoparticles (NPs) when excited with X-rays. Here, a Monte Carlo simulation of different radiosensitization effects by NPs and nMOFs using a lattice model consisting of 3D arrays of nanoscale secondary building units (SBUs) is reported. The simulation results reveal that lattices outperform solid NPs regardless of radiation sources or particle sizes via enhanced scatterings of photons and electrons within the lattices. Optimum dose enhancement can be achieved by tuning SBU size and inter-SBU distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jianming Mao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Taokun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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50
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Degorre C, Tofilon P, Camphausen K, Mathen P. Bench to bedside radiosensitizer development strategy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Radiat Oncol 2021; 16:191. [PMID: 34583727 PMCID: PMC8480070 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain malignancy and carries with it a poor prognosis. New agents are urgently needed, however nearly all Phase III trials of GBM patients of the past 25 years have failed to demonstrate improvement in outcomes. In 2019, the National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials and Translational Research Advisory Committee (CTAC) Glioblastoma Working Group (GBM WG) identified 5 broad areas of research thought to be important in the development of new herapeutics for GBM. Among those was optimizing radioresponse for GBM in situ. One such strategy to increase radiation efficacy is the addition of a radiosensitizer to improve the therapeutic ratio by enhancing tumor sensitivity while ideally having minimal to no effect on normal tissue. Historically the majority of trials using radiosensitizers have been unsuccessful, but they provide important guidance in what is required to develop agents more efficiently. Improved target selection is essential for a drug to provide maximal benefit, and once that target is identified it must be validated through pre-clinical studies. Careful selection of appropriate in vitro and in vivo models to demonstrate increased radiosensitivity and suitable bioavailability are then necessary to prove that a drug warrants advancement to clinical investigation. Once investigational agents are validated pre-clinically, patient trials require consistency both in terms of planning study design as well as reporting efficacy and toxicity in order to assess the potential benefit of the drug. Through this paper we hope to outline strategies for developing effective radiosensitizers against GBM using as models the examples of XPO1 inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors developed from our own lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Degorre
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 10, Rm B2-3500, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Philip Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 10, Rm B2-3500, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 10, Rm B2-3500, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Mathen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 10, Rm B2-3500, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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