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Landis GN, Bell HS, Peng OK, Fan Y, Yan K, Baybutt B, Tower J. Conditional Inhibition of Eip75B Eliminates the Effects of Mating and Mifepristone on Lifespan in Female Drosophila. Cells 2024; 13:1123. [PMID: 38994975 PMCID: PMC11240670 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mating in female Drosophila melanogaster causes midgut hypertrophy and reduced lifespan, and these effects are blocked by the drug mifepristone. Eip75B is a transcription factor previously reported to have pleiotropic effects on Drosophila lifespan. Because Eip75B null mutations are lethal, conditional systems and/or partial knock-down are needed to study Eip75B effects in adults. Previous studies showed that Eip75B is required for adult midgut cell proliferation in response to mating. To test the possible role of Eip75B in mediating the lifespan effects of mating and mifepristone, a tripartite FLP-recombinase-based conditional system was employed that provides controls for genetic background. Expression of a Hsp70-FLP transgene was induced in third instar larvae by a brief heat pulse. The FLP recombinase catalyzed the recombination and activation of an Actin5C-GAL4 transgene. The GAL4 transcription factor in turn activated expression of a UAS-Eip75B-RNAi transgene. Inhibition of Eip75B activity was confirmed by loss of midgut hypertrophy upon mating, and the lifespan effects of both mating and mifepristone were eliminated. In addition, the negative effects of mifepristone on egg production were eliminated. The data indicate that Eip75B mediates the effects of mating and mifepristone on female midgut hypertrophy, egg production, and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
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2
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Ohnuki S, Tokishita S, Kojima M, Fujiwara S. Effect of chlorpyrifos-exposure on the expression levels of CYP genes in Daphnia magna and examination of a possibility that an up-regulated clan 3 CYP, CYP360A8, reacts with pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3641-3653. [PMID: 38504311 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Daphnia magna is a test organism used for ecological risk assessments of pesticides, but little is known about the expression levels of cytochrome P450s (CYP)s and their changes after pesticide exposure in the less than 24-h-olds used for ecotoxicity tests. In this study, D. magna juveniles were exposed to 0.2 μg/L of chlorpyrifos under the conditions for acute immobilization test as specified by the OECD test guideline for 24 h, and then the gene expression was compared between the control and chlorpyrifos-exposure groups by RNA-sequencing analysis, with a focus on CYP genes. Among 38 CYP genes expressed in the control group, seven were significantly up-regulated while two were significantly down-regulated in the chlorpyrifos-exposure group. Although the sublethal concentration of chlorpyrifos did not change their expression levels so drastically (0.8 < fold change < 2.6), CY360A8 of D. magna (DmCYP360A8), which had been proposed to be responsible for metabolism of xenobiotics, was abundantly expressed in controls yet up-regulated by chlorpyrifos. Therefore, homology modeling of DmCYP360A8 was performed based on the amino acid sequence, and then molecular docking simulations with the insecticides that were indicated to be metabolized by CYPs in D. magna were conducted. The results indicated that DmCYP360A8 could contribute to the metabolism of diazinon and chlorfenapyr but not chlorpyrifos. These findings suggest that chlorpyrifos is probably detoxified by other CYP(s) including up-regulated and/or constitutively expressed one(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Ohnuki
- Odawara Research Center, Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., Odawara, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tokishita
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kojima
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujiwara
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Amezian D, Nauen R, Van Leeuwen T. The role of ATP-binding cassette transporters in arthropod pesticide toxicity and resistance. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 63:101200. [PMID: 38641174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide resistance in arthropods threatens agricultural productivity and the control of vector-borne diseases. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have emerged as important factors in the toxicity of synthetic pesticides, as well as for Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal Cry protein binding. Depending on the localization of expression, both higher and lower expression of ABCs have been linked with pesticide resistance. The recent development of genetic-based approaches such as RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in nonmodel species, has greatly contributed to unveil their functional importance in pesticide toxicity and resistance. Using these tools, we are now poised to further unravel the molecular genetic mechanisms of gene regulation uncovering more elusive regulatory resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Amezian
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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4
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Musselman LP, Truong HG, DiAngelo JR. Transcriptional Control of Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38782870 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptional control of lipid metabolism uses a framework that parallels the control of lipid metabolism at the protein or enzyme level, via feedback and feed-forward mechanisms. Increasing the substrates for an enzyme often increases enzyme gene expression, for example. A paucity of product can likewise potentiate transcription or stability of the mRNA encoding the enzyme or enzymes needed to produce it. In addition, changes in second messengers or cellular energy charge can act as on/off switches for transcriptional regulators to control transcript (and protein) abundance. Insects use a wide range of DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) that sense changes in the cell and its environment to produce the appropriate change in transcription at gene promoters. These TFs work together with histones, spliceosomes, and additional RNA processing factors to ultimately regulate lipid metabolism. In this chapter, we will first focus on the important TFs that control lipid metabolism in insects. Next, we will describe non-TF regulators of insect lipid metabolism such as enzymes that modify acetylation and methylation status, transcriptional coactivators, splicing factors, and microRNAs. To conclude, we consider future goals for studying the mechanisms underlying the control of lipid metabolism in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palanker Musselman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Huy G Truong
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, PA, USA
| | - Justin R DiAngelo
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, PA, USA.
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5
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Tyagi R, Rosa BA, Swain A, Artyomov MN, Jasmer DP, Mitreva M. Intestinal cell diversity and treatment responses in a parasitic nematode at single cell resolution. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:341. [PMID: 38575858 PMCID: PMC10996262 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic nematodes, significant pathogens for humans, animals, and plants, depend on diverse organ systems for intra-host survival. Understanding the cellular diversity and molecular variations underlying these functions holds promise for developing novel therapeutics, with specific emphasis on the neuromuscular system's functional diversity. The nematode intestine, crucial for anthelmintic therapies, exhibits diverse cellular phenotypes, and unraveling this diversity at the single-cell level is essential for advancing knowledge in anthelmintic research across various organ systems. RESULTS Here, using novel single-cell transcriptomics datasets, we delineate cellular diversity within the intestine of adult female Ascaris suum, a parasitic nematode species that infects animals and people. Gene transcripts expressed in individual nuclei of untreated intestinal cells resolved three phenotypic clusters, while lower stringency resolved additional subclusters and more potential diversity. Clusters 1 and 3 phenotypes displayed variable congruence with scRNA phenotypes of C. elegans intestinal cells, whereas the A. suum cluster 2 phenotype was markedly unique. Distinct functional pathway enrichment characterized each A. suum intestinal cell cluster. Cluster 2 was distinctly enriched for Clade III-associated genes, suggesting it evolved within clade III nematodes. Clusters also demonstrated differential transcriptional responsiveness to nematode intestinal toxic treatments, with Cluster 2 displaying the least responses to short-term intra-pseudocoelomic nematode intestinal toxin treatments. CONCLUSIONS This investigation presents advances in knowledge related to biological differences among major cell populations of adult A. suum intestinal cells. For the first time, diverse nematode intestinal cell populations were characterized, and associated biological markers of these cells were identified to support tracking of constituent cells under experimental conditions. These advances will promote better understanding of this and other parasitic nematodes of global importance, and will help to guide future anthelmintic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tyagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce A Rosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Douglas P Jasmer
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, 99164, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110, St Louis, MO, USA.
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6
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Park JS, Na HJ, Kim YJ. The anti-aging effect of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in Drosophila midgut. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2005-2025. [PMID: 38329439 PMCID: PMC10911382 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are pivotal for maintaining tissue homeostasis, and their functional decline is linked to aging and its associated diseases, influenced by the niche cells' environment. Age- and cancer-related reduction of vitamin D and its receptor levels are well documented in human clinical studies. However, the mechanisms through which the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway contributes to anti-aging and extends life expectancy are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective role of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway in differentiated enterocytes (ECs) during intestinal stem cell (ISC) aging. By utilizing a well- established Drosophila midgut model for stem cell aging biology, we revealed that vitamin D receptor knockdown in ECs induced ISC proliferation, EC death, ISC aging, and enteroendocrine cell differentiation. Additionally, age- and oxidative stress-induced increases in ISC proliferation and centrosome amplification were reduced by vitamin D treatment. Our findings suggest a direct evidence of the anti-aging role of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying healthy aging in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Sun Park
- Institute of Nanobio Convergence, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Na
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Landis GN, Bell HS, Peng O, Bognar B, Tong A, Manea TD, Bao H, Han X, Tower J. Dhr96[1] mutation and maternal tudor[1] mutation increase life span and reduce the beneficial effects of mifepristone in mated female Drosophila. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292820. [PMID: 38127988 PMCID: PMC10735022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mating and receipt of male Sex Peptide hormone cause increased egg laying, increased midgut size and decreased life span in female Drosophila. Feeding mated females with the synthetic steroid mifepristone decreases egg production, reduces midgut size, and increases life span. Here, several gene mutations were assayed to investigate possible mechanisms for mifepristone action. Drosophila Dhr96 is a hormone receptor, and a key positive regulator of midgut lipid uptake and metabolism. Dhr96[1] null mutation increased female life span, and reduced the effects of mifepristone on life span, suggesting that Dhr96[1] mutation and mifepristone may act in part through the same mechanism. Consistent with this idea, lipidomics analysis revealed that mating increases whole-body levels of triglycerides and fatty-acids in triglycerides, and these changes are reversed by mifepristone. Maternal tudor[1] mutation results in females that lack the germ-line and produce no eggs. Maternal tudor[1] mutation increased mated female life span, and reduced but did not eliminate the effects of mating and mifepristone on life span. This indicates that decreased egg production may be related to the life span benefits of mifepristone, but is not essential. Mifepristone increases life span in w[1118] mutant mated females, but did not increase life span in w[1118] mutant virgin females. Mifepristone decreased egg production in w[1118] mutant virgin females, indicating that decreased egg production is not sufficient for mifepristone to increase life span. Mifepristone increases life span in virgin females of some, but not all, white[+] and mini-white[+] strains. Backcrossing of mini-white[+] transgenes into the w[1118] background was not sufficient to confer a life span response to mifepristone in virgin females. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that mechanisms for mifepristone life span increase involve reduced lipid uptake and/or metabolism, and suggest that mifepristone may increase life span in mated females and virgin females through partly different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Landis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hans S. Bell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Oscar Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brett Bognar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andy Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tomás D. Manea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hanmei Bao
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Tower
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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8
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Muthu Lakshmi Bavithra C, Murugan M, Pavithran S, Naveena K. Enthralling genetic regulatory mechanisms meddling insecticide resistance development in insects: role of transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1257859. [PMID: 37745689 PMCID: PMC10511911 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1257859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance in insects severely threatens both human health and agriculture, making insecticides less compelling and valuable, leading to frequent pest management failures, rising input costs, lowering crop yields, and disastrous public health. Insecticide resistance results from multiple factors, mainly indiscriminate insecticide usage and mounted selection pressure on insect populations. Insects respond to insecticide stress at the cellular level by modest yet significant genetic propagations. Transcriptional, co-transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulatory signals of cells in organisms regulate the intricate processes in gene expressions churning the genetic information in transcriptional units into proteins and non-coding transcripts. Upregulation of detoxification enzymes, notably cytochrome P450s (CYPs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), esterases [carboxyl choline esterase (CCE), carboxyl esterase (CarE)] and ATP Binding Cassettes (ABC) at the transcriptional level, modification of target sites, decreased penetration, or higher excretion of insecticides are the noted insect physiological responses. The transcriptional regulatory pathways such as AhR/ARNT, Nuclear receptors, CncC/Keap1, MAPK/CREB, and GPCR/cAMP/PKA were found to regulate the detoxification genes at the transcriptional level. Post-transcriptional changes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNA), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), and epitranscriptomics, including RNA methylation, are reported in resistant insects. Additionally, genetic modifications such as mutations in the target sites and copy number variations (CNV) are also influencing insecticide resistance. Therefore, these cellular intricacies may decrease insecticide sensitivity, altering the concentrations or activities of proteins involved in insecticide interactions or detoxification. The cellular episodes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels pertinent to insecticide resistance responses in insects are extensively covered in this review. An overview of molecular mechanisms underlying these biological rhythms allows for developing alternative pest control methods to focus on insect vulnerabilities, employing reverse genetics approaches like RNA interference (RNAi) technology to silence particular resistance-related genes for sustained insect management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marimuthu Murugan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Kathirvel Naveena
- Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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9
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Wen X, Feng K, Qin J, Wei P, Cao P, Zhang Y, Yuchi Z, He L. A detoxification pathway initiated by a nuclear receptor TcHR96h in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010911. [PMID: 37708138 PMCID: PMC10501649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of detoxification initiation in arthropods after pesticide exposure is crucial. Although the identity of transcription factors that induce and regulate the expression of detoxification genes in response to pesticides is beginning to emerge, whether transcription factors directly interact with xenobiotics is unclear. The findings of this study revealed that a nuclear hormone receptor, Tetranychus cinnabarinus hormone receptor (HR) TcHR96h, regulates the overexpression of the detoxification gene TcGSTm02, which is involved in cyflumetofen resistance. The nuclear translocation of TcHR96h increased after cyflumetofen exposure, suggesting direct binding with cyflumetofen. The direct binding of TcHR96h and cyflumetofen was supported by several independent proteomic assays that quantify interactions with small molecules. Together, this study proposes a model for the initiation of xenobiotic detoxification in a polyphagous agricultural pest. These insights not only provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of xenobiotic detoxification and metabolism in arthropods, but also are crucial in understanding adaptation in polyphagous herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaiyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plants and Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Ji M, Vandenhole M, De Beer B, De Rouck S, Villacis-Perez E, Feyereisen R, Clark RM, Van Leeuwen T. A nuclear receptor HR96-related gene underlies large trans-driven differences in detoxification gene expression in a generalist herbivore. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4990. [PMID: 37591878 PMCID: PMC10435515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The role, magnitude, and molecular nature of trans-driven expression variation underlying the upregulation of detoxification genes in pesticide resistant arthropod populations has remained enigmatic. In this study, we performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping (n = 458) between a pesticide resistant and a susceptible strain of the generalist herbivore and crop pest Tetranychus urticae. We found that a single trans eQTL hotspot controlled large differences in the expression of a subset of genes in different detoxification gene families, as well as other genes associated with host plant use. As established by additional genetic approaches including RNAi gene knockdown, a duplicated gene with a nuclear hormone receptor HR96-related ligand-binding domain was identified as causal for the expression differences between strains. The presence of a large family of HR96-related genes in T. urticae may enable modular control of detoxification and host plant use genes, facilitating this species' known and rapid evolution to diverse pesticides and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Ji
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marilou Vandenhole
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Berdien De Beer
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander De Rouck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ernesto Villacis-Perez
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - René Feyereisen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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11
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Green L, Coronado-Zamora M, Radío S, Rech GE, Salces-Ortiz J, González J. The genomic basis of copper tolerance in Drosophila is shaped by a complex interplay of regulatory and environmental factors. BMC Biol 2022; 20:275. [PMID: 36482348 PMCID: PMC9733279 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escalation in industrialization and anthropogenic activity have resulted in an increase of pollutants released into the environment. Of these pollutants, heavy metals such as copper are particularly concerning due to their bio-accumulative nature. Due to its highly heterogeneous distribution and its dual nature as an essential micronutrient and toxic element, the genetic basis of copper tolerance is likely shaped by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS In this study, we utilized the natural variation present in multiple populations of Drosophila melanogaster collected across Europe to screen for variation in copper tolerance. We found that latitude and the degree of urbanization at the collection sites, rather than any other combination of environmental factors, were linked to copper tolerance. While previously identified copper-related genes were not differentially expressed in tolerant vs. sensitive strains, genes involved in metabolism, reproduction, and protease induction contributed to the differential stress response. Additionally, the greatest transcriptomic and physiological responses to copper toxicity were seen in the midgut, where we found that preservation of gut acidity is strongly linked to greater tolerance. Finally, we identified transposable element insertions likely to play a role in copper stress response. CONCLUSIONS Overall, by combining genome-wide approaches with environmental association analysis, and functional analysis of candidate genes, our study provides a unique perspective on the genetic and environmental factors that shape copper tolerance in natural D. melanogaster populations and identifies new genes, transposable elements, and physiological traits involved in this complex phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llewellyn Green
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Coronado-Zamora
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Radío
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel E. Rech
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Salces-Ortiz
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa González
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Gao L, Zang X, Qiao H, Moussian B, Wang Y. Xenobiotic responses of Drosophila melanogaster to insecticides with different modes of action and entry. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21958. [PMID: 35942563 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their chemical structure, insecticides enter the insect body either through the cuticle or by ingestion (mode of entry [MoE]), and, naturally, harm or even kill insects through different mechanisms (modes of action). In parallel, they trigger a systemic detoxification response, especially by activation of detoxification gene expression. We monitored the acute genetic alterations of known xenobiotic response target genes against five different insecticides with two most common MoEs (contact toxicity and stomach toxicity), found that: 1. only a few genes were detected responding to acute exposure to insecticides (LD90 ); 2. The expression of cyp12d1 was upregulated in all experiments, except for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure, suggesting that cyp12d1 is a general first response gene of the xenobiotic response; 3. The contact and stomach entries did not show any notable difference, both MoEs induced the response of JNK signaling pathway, possibly serving as the driver of the response of cyp12d1 and a few other genes. In conclusion, the changes in gene expression levels were relatively modest and no significant differences were found between the two MoEs, so the insecticide entry route does not seem to have an impact on the detoxification response. However, the two MoEs of the same insecticide showed different efficiencies in our test. Thus, the study of these two MoEs will help to develop more efficient release and management methods for the use of such insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiya Zang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Animal Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, France
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Deng Z, Zhang Y, Gao C, Shen W, Wang S, Ni X, Liu S, Li X. A transposon-introduced G-quadruplex motif is selectively retained and constrained to downregulate CYP321A1. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1629-1642. [PMID: 35226400 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insects utilize xenobiotic compounds to up- and downregulate cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) involved in detoxification of toxic xenobiotics including phytochemicals and pesticides. G-quadruplexes (G4)-forming DNA motifs are enriched in the promoter regions of transcription factors and function as cis-acting elements to regulate these genes. Whether and how P450s gain and keep G4 DNA motifs to regulate their expression still remain unexplored. Here, we show that CYP321A1, a xenobiotic-metabolizing P450 from Helicoverpa zea, a polyphagous insect of economic importance, has acquired and preserved a G4 DNA motif by selectively retaining a transposon known as HzIS1-3 that carries this G4 DNA motif in its promoter region. The HzIS1-3 G4 DNA motif acts as a silencer to suppress the constitutive and induced expression of CYP321A1 by plant allelochemicals flavone and xanthotoxin through folding into an intramolecular parallel or hybrid-1 conformation in the absence or presence of K+ . The G4 ligand N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM) strengthens the silencing effect of HzIS1-3 G4 DNA motif by switching its structure from hybrid-1 to hybrid-2. The enrichment of transposons in P450s and other environment-adaptation genes implies that selective retention of G4 DNA motif-carrying transposons may be the main evolutionary route for these genes to obtain G4 DNA motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Deng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Entomology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yuting Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinzhi Ni
- USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, University of Georgia, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Sisi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianchun Li
- Department of Entomology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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14
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Semaniuk UV, Gospodaryov DV, Strilbytska OM, Kucharska AZ, Sokół-Łętowska A, Burdyliuk NI, Storey KB, Bayliak MM, Lushchak O. Chili-supplemented food decreases glutathione- S-transferase activity in Drosophila melanogaster females without a change in other parameters of antioxidant system. Redox Rep 2022; 27:221-229. [PMID: 36200601 PMCID: PMC9553170 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2123884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many plant-derived anti-aging preparations influence antioxidant defense system. Consumption of food supplemented with chili pepper powder was found to extend lifespan in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The present study aimed to test a connection between life-extending effect of chili powder and antioxidant defense system of D. melanogaster. METHODS Flies were reared for 15 days in the mortality cages on food with 0% (control), 0.04%, 0.12%, 0.4%, or 3% chili powder. Antioxidant and related enzymes, as well as oxidative stress indices were measured. RESULTS Female flies that consumed chili-supplemented food had a 40-60% lower glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity as compared with the control cohort. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was about 37% higher in males that consumed food with 3% chili powder in comparison with the control cohort. Many of the parameters studied were sex-dependent. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of chili-supplemented food extends lifespan in fruit fly cohorts in a concentration- and gender-dependent manner. However, this extension is not mediated by a strengthening of antioxidant defenses. Consumption of chili-supplemented food does not change the specific relationship between antioxidant and related enzymes in D. melanogaster, and does not change the linkage of the activities of these enzymes to fly gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana V Semaniuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro V Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Olha M Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Alicja Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Sokół-Łętowska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Nadia I Burdyliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.,Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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15
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Trans-driven variation in expression is common among detoxification genes in the extreme generalist herbivore Tetranychus urticae. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010333. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extreme adaptation potential of the generalist herbivore Tetranychus urticae (the two-spotted spider mite) to pesticides as well as diverse host plants has been associated with clade-specific gene expansions in known detoxifying enzyme families, and with extensive and rapid transcriptional responses. However, how this broad transcriptional potential is regulated remains largely unknown. Using a parental/F1 design in which four inbred strains were crossed to a common inbred strain, we assessed the genetic basis and inheritance of gene expression variation in T. urticae. Mirroring known phenotypic variation in the progenitor strains of the inbreds, we confirmed that the inbred strains we created were genetically distinct, varied markedly in pesticide resistance, and also captured variation in host plant fitness as is commonly observed in this species. By examining differences in gene expression between parents and allele-specific expression in F1s, we found that variation in RNA abundance was more often explained in trans as compared to cis, with the former associated with dominance in inheritance. Strikingly, in a gene ontology analysis, detoxification genes of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) family, as well as dioxygenases (DOGs) acquired from horizontal gene transfer from fungi, were specifically enriched at the extremes of trans-driven up- and downregulation. In particular, multiple CYPs and DOGs with broad substrate-specificities for pesticides or plant specialized compounds were exceptionally highly upregulated as a result of trans-regulatory variation, or in some cases synergism of cis and trans, in the most multi-pesticide resistant strains. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential importance of trans-driven expression variation in genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and host plant use for rapid adaptation in T. urticae, and also suggests modular control of these genes, a regulatory architecture that might ameliorate negative pleiotropic effects.
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16
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Liu T, Xu X, An F, Zhu W, Luo D, Liu S, Wei G, Wang L. Functional analysis of nuclear receptor HR96 gene in Bombyx mori exposed to phoxim. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21910. [PMID: 35470488 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor (NRs) gene family functions as ligand-dependent transcription factors in a variety of animals, which participates in a variety of biological processes, such as cell differentiation, metabolic regulation, reproduction, development, insect metamorphosis. In this study, a nuclear receptor HR96 gene in silkworm Bombyx mori (BmHR96) was identified, and the responses of BmHR96 gene to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), three insecticides, and two disinfectants were analyzed and its function in phoxim exposure was explored. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that the expression of BmHR96 mRNA was the highest in ovary of 5th instar Day 3 silkworm larvae and in silk gland of the wandering stage. The expression patterns of BmHR96 gene in ovary, head, testis, and midgut of different stages were different. After injecting 20E into B. mori, the expression of BmHR96 mRNA had no significant difference compared with control. Three insecticides and two disinfectants were used to treat B. mori, respectively, and it was found that they had different influence patterns on the expression level of BmHR96. siRNA of BmHR96 was injected into silkworm larvae and the expression of BmHR96 was decreased significantly after injecting 72 h. After silencing of BmHR96, B. mori was fed with phoxim-treated leaves. The results showed that the mortality of B. mori after silencing of BmHR96 was significantly higher than the control. Our results indicated that HR96 plays an important role in regulating the stress response of phoxim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fudong An
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Weihao Zhu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongling Luo
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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17
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Choi B, Park WR, Kim YJ, Mun S, Park SJ, Jeong JH, Choi HS, Kim DK. Nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor modulates antimicrobial peptide expression for host innate immunity in Tribolium castaneum. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 148:103816. [PMID: 35926689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are core components of innate immunity to protect insects against microbial infections. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that can regulate the expression of genes critical for insect development including molting and metamorphosis. However, the role of NRs in host innate immune response to microbial infection remains poorly understood in Tribolium castaneum (T. castaneum). Here, we show that estrogen-related receptor (ERR), an insect ortholog of the mammalian ERR family of NRs, is a novel transcriptional regulator of AMP genes for innate immune response of T. castaneum. Tribolium ERR (TcERR) expression was induced by immune deficiency (IMD)-Relish signaling in response to infection by Escherichia coli (E. coli), a Gram-negative bacterium, as demonstrated in TcIMD-deficient beetles. Interestingly, genome-wide transcriptome analysis of TcERR-deficient old larvae using RNA-sequencing analysis showed that TcERR expression was positively correlated with gene transcription levels of AMPs including attacins, defensins, and coleoptericin. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that TcERR could directly bind to ERR-response elements on promoters of genes encoding defensin3 and coleoptericin, critical for innate immune response of T. castaneum. Finally, TcERR-deficient old larvae infected with E. coli displayed enhanced bacterial load and significantly less host survival. These findings suggest that TcERR can coordinate transcriptional regulation of AMPs and host innate immune response to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungyoon Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Ram Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Ji Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seulgi Mun
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61468, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Pandey AK, Sharma V, Ravi Ram K. Drosophila ecdysone receptor activity-based ex vivo assay to assess the endocrine disruption potential of environmental chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56430-56441. [PMID: 35338461 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insect pollinators, critical for both agricultural output and the ecosystem, are declining at an alarming levels partly due to human-made chemicals. Majority of environmental chemicals hamper the endocrine function and studies on the same in insects remain neglected. Here, we report a Drosophila-based ex vivo assay system that employs a reproductive tissue from transgenic males carrying a reporter gene (lacZ) downstream of ecdysone receptor response element (EcRE) and permits the evaluation of chemical-mediated activity modulation of all three isoforms of ecdysone receptor, which are critical for male fertility. We show agonistic [plasticizers, cypermethrin, atrazine, methyl parathion, imidacloprid, cadmium chloride, mercuric chloride or 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor] or antagonistic (apigenin, tributyltin chloride) effects or lack of effect thereof (rutin hydrate, dichlorvos, lead acetate, parabens) for seven different classes of environmental chemicals on ecdysone receptor activity reflecting the specificity and sensitivity of the developed ex vivo assay. Exposure to a few of these chemicals in vivo hampers the fertility of Drosophila males, thus linking the observed endocrine disruption to a quantifiable reproductive phenotype. The developed ex vivo assay offers a quick Drosophila-based screening tool for throughput monitoring of environmental chemicals for their ability to hamper the endocrine function of insect pollinators and other invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Pandey
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad , 201002, India
| | - Kristipati Ravi Ram
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad , 201002, India.
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19
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Gessner EE, Shah MH, Ghent BN, Westbrook NE, van den Hurk P, Baldwin WS. The reproductive effects of the cancer chemotherapy agent, Carmofur, on Daphnia magna are mediated by its metabolite, 5-Fluorouracil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:860-872. [PMID: 35579761 PMCID: PMC9233140 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carmofur is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits ceramidase, a key enzyme in the sphingolipid pathway. Previous research suggests carmofur represses reproductive maturity in Daphnia magna. The purpose of this experiment was to confirm carmofur's effects on fecundity and reproductive maturity over two generations. A chronic toxicity test found reproductive maturity was delayed from 9 to 19 days by 0.80 μM carmofur with a 99.7% drop in reproduction, probably caused by delayed ovarian development. Second generation effects were even greater with 0% reproductive success at 0.40 μM. To our surprise, carmofur was not measured in the media by HPLC 24 h after exposure. Previous research indicated that carmofur is unstable in water and hydrolyzed into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Therefore, the chronic toxicity study was repeated with 5-FU and similar effects on reproductive maturity were observed at similar concentrations despite very different acute toxicities (48 h carmofur LC50 = 1.93 μM; 5-FU LC50 = 207 μM). 5-FU delayed reproductive maturity from 9 to 21 days with a 71.12% drop in reproduction at 0.80 μM and greater effects in the 2nd generation similar to carmofur. 5-FU was found stable in aquatic media and HPLC confirmed 5-FU was hydrolyzed from carmofur within 24 h. In conclusion, carmofur and 5-FU reduce fecundity because they delay reproductive maturity and ovarian development in Daphnia magna. We conclude that the reproductive effects observed after carmofur treatment are primarily mediated by its breakdown product, 5-FU. This further underscores the importance of measuring chemical concentrations and evaluating chemical metabolism and decomposition when determining toxicity, especially of chemotherapeutic agents.Clinical trials registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Gessner
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Manav H Shah
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Bricen N Ghent
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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20
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Xu J, Liu Y, Li H, Tarashansky AJ, Kalicki CH, Hung RJ, Hu Y, Comjean A, Kolluru SS, Wang B, Quake SR, Luo L, McMahon AP, Dow JAT, Perrimon N. Transcriptional and functional motifs defining renal function revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203179119. [PMID: 35696569 PMCID: PMC9231607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203179119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell sequencing provide a unique opportunity to gain novel insights into the diversity, lineage, and functions of cell types constituting a tissue/organ. Here, we performed a single-nucleus study of the adult Drosophila renal system, consisting of Malpighian tubules and nephrocytes, which shares similarities with the mammalian kidney. We identified 11 distinct clusters representing renal stem cells, stellate cells, regionally specific principal cells, garland nephrocyte cells, and pericardial nephrocytes. Characterization of the transcription factors specific to each cluster identified fruitless (fru) as playing a role in stem cell regeneration and Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (Hnf4) in regulating glycogen and triglyceride metabolism. In addition, we identified a number of genes, including Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor at 64C (RhoGEF64c), Frequenin 2 (Frq2), Prip, and CG1093 that are involved in regulating the unusual star shape of stellate cells. Importantly, the single-nucleus dataset allows visualization of the expression at the organ level of genes involved in ion transport and junctional permeability, providing a systems-level view of the organization and physiological roles of the tubules. Finally, a cross-species analysis allowed us to match the fly kidney cell types to mouse kidney cell types and planarian protonephridia, knowledge that will help the generation of kidney disease models. Altogether, our study provides a comprehensive resource for studying the fly kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Alexander J. Tarashansky
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Colin H. Kalicki
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ruei-Jiun Hung
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sai Saroja Kolluru
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Julian A. T. Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
- HHMI, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
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21
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Milyaeva PA, Nefedova LN. Boric Acid Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster Depends on the Expression Level of the Cyp9b2 Gene. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Gao L, Qiao H, Wei P, Moussian B, Wang Y. Xenobiotic responses in insects. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 109:e21869. [PMID: 35088911 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insects have evolved a powerful detoxification system to protect themselves against environmental and anthropogenic xenobiotics including pesticides and nanoparticles. The resulting tolerance to insecticides is an immense problem in agriculture. In this study, we summarize advances in our understanding of insect xenobiotic responses: the detoxification strategies and the regulation mechanisms against xenobiotics including nanoparticles, the problem of response specificity and the potential usefulness of this study field for an elaborate pest management. In particular, we highlight that versatility of the detoxification system relies on the relatively unspecific recognition of a broad range of potential toxic substances that trigger either of various canonical xenobiotic responses signaling pathways, including CncC/Keap1, HR96, AHR/ARNT, GPCR, and MAPK/CREB. However, it has emerged that the actual response to an inducer may nevertheless be specific. There are two nonexclusive possibilities that may explain response specificity: (1) differential cross-talk between the known pathways and (2) additional, yet unidentified regulators and pathways of detoxification. Hence, a deeper and broader understanding of the regulation mechanisms of xenobiotic response in insects in the future might facilitate the development and application of highly efficient and environmentally friendly pest control methods, allowing us to face the challenge of the world population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Animal Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Université Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Nauen R, Bass C, Feyereisen R, Vontas J. The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 67:105-124. [PMID: 34590892 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-070621-061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) perform a variety of important physiological functions, but it is their role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as natural and synthetic insecticides, that is the topic of this review. Recent advances in insect genomics and postgenomic functional approaches have provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the evolution of insect P450s and their role in insect toxicology. These approaches have also been harnessed to provide new insights into the genomic alterations that lead to insecticide resistance, the mechanisms by which P450s are regulated, and the functional determinants of P450-mediated insecticide resistance. In parallel, an emerging body of work on the role of P450s in defining the sensitivity of beneficial insects to insecticides has been developed. The knowledge gained from these studies has applications for the management of P450-mediated resistance in insect pests and can be leveraged to safeguard the health of important beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Nauen
- Crop Science Division R&D, Bayer AG, D-40789 Monheim, Germany;
| | - Chris Bass
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom;
| | - René Feyereisen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vontas
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Kim IY, Choi B, Park WR, Kim YJ, Kim BE, Mun S, Choi HS, Kim DK. Nuclear receptor HR96 up-regulates cytochrome P450 for insecticide detoxification in Tribolium castaneum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:230-239. [PMID: 34472702 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (T. castaneum), is a major agricultural pest that causes significant damage to stored grains and products. Although hormone receptor 96 (HR96) is known to be the single ortholog corresponding to mammalian constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor, the structural features of Tribolium HR96 (TcHR96) and its role in insecticide-mediated transcription control of cytochrome P450 enzyme genes in T. castaneum have not been elucidated yet. RESULTS We cloned full-length complementary DNA encoding TcHR96 and revealed the role of TcHR96 in transcriptional control of cytochrome P450 enzyme genes. Interestingly, genome-wide transcriptome analysis of HR96-deficient beetles using RNA sequencing showed a positive correlation between TcHR96 and gene transcription of metabolizing enzymes involved in phase I detoxification processes. Moreover, TcHR96 overexpression significantly increased the promoter activity of genes encoding phase I P450 enzymes such as CYP4Q4, CYP4G7, CYP4BR3, and CYP345A1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that TcHR96 could directly bind to the promoter of gene encoding CYP345A1, an enzyme for metabolizing insecticides in T. castaneum. Furthermore, imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, significantly increased gene expression of phase I P450 enzymes in old larvae of T. castaneum, which were reversed by TcHR96 knockdown. Finally, TcHR96 knockdown significantly decreased the resistance of old larvae to imidacloprid concomitant with reduction of imidacloprid-mediated phase I P450 enzyme gene expression. CONCLUSION TcHR96 plays a major role in transcriptional control of P450 enzyme for imidacloprid detoxification. Controlling TcHR96 might facilitate the regulation of insecticide tolerance in T. castaneum, thus providing a promising new strategy to manage pest beetle populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byungyoon Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Woo-Ram Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ji Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Mun
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Guo MP, Qian WL, He XC, Peng J, Wang P, Wang WN, Xia QY, Cheng DJ. Genome-wide identification of target genes for transcription factor BR-C in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1530-1540. [PMID: 33372405 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor Broad Complex (BR-C) is an ecdysone primary response gene in insects and participates in the regulation of insect growth and development. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of BR-C target genes in silkworm (Bombyx mori) using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). As a result, a total of 1006 BR-C ChIP peaks were identified, and 15% of peaks were located in the promoter regions of 133 protein-coding genes. Functional annotation revealed that these ChIP peak-associated genes, as potential BR-C targets, were enriched in pathways related to biosynthetic process, metabolic process, and development. Transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination revealed that developmental changes in expression patterns of a portion of potential BR-C targets, including HR96 and GC-α1, were similar to those of BR-C. ChIP-PCR examination confirmed that BR-C could directly bind to the promoters of potential targets. Further, dual luciferase assays demonstrated that HR96 promoter activity was significantly upregulated following BR-C overexpression, and this upregulation was abolished when the binding motif in the promoter was truncated. This study will be helpful for deciphering the regulatory roles of BR-C during insect growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Pei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wen-Liang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xue-Chuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei-Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qing-You Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dao-Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Landis GN, Hilsabeck TAU, Bell HS, Ronnen-Oron T, Wang L, Doherty DV, Tejawinata FI, Erickson K, Vu W, Promislow DEL, Kapahi P, Tower J. Mifepristone Increases Life Span of Virgin Female Drosophila on Regular and High-fat Diet Without Reducing Food Intake. Front Genet 2021; 12:751647. [PMID: 34659367 PMCID: PMC8511958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.751647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The synthetic steroid mifepristone is reported to have anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in mammals on normal and high-fat diets (HFD). We previously reported that mifepristone blocks the negative effect on life span caused by mating in female Drosophila melanogaster. Methods: Here we asked if mifepristone could protect virgin females from the life span-shortening effect of HFD. Mifepristone was assayed for effects on life span in virgin females, in repeated assays, on regular media and on media supplemented with coconut oil (HFD). The excrement quantification (EX-Q) assay was used to measure food intake of the flies after 12 days mifepristone treatment. In addition, experiments were conducted to compare the effects of mifepristone in virgin and mated females, and to identify candidate mifepristone targets and mechanisms. Results: Mifepristone increased life span of virgin females on regular media, as well as on media supplemented with either 2.5 or 5% coconut oil. Food intake was not reduced in any assay, and was significantly increased by mifepristone in half of the assays. To ask if mifepristone might rescue virgin females from all life span-shortening stresses, the oxidative stressor paraquat was tested, and mifepristone produced little to no rescue. Analysis of extant metabolomics and transcriptomics data suggested similarities between effects of mifepristone in virgin and mated females, including reduced tryptophan breakdown and similarities to dietary restriction. Bioinformatics analysis identified candidate mifepristone targets, including transcription factors Paired and Extra-extra. In addition to shortening life span, mating also causes midgut hypertrophy and activation of the lipid metabolism regulatory factor SREBP. Mifepristone blocked the increase in midgut size caused by mating, but did not detectably affect midgut size in virgins. Finally, mating increased activity of a SREBP reporter in abdominal tissues, as expected, but reporter activity was not detectably reduced by mifepristone in either mated or virgin females. Conclusion: Mifepristone increases life span of virgin females on regular and HFD without reducing food intake. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses suggest some similar effects of mifepristone between virgin and mated females, however reduced midgut size was observed only in mated females. The results are discussed regarding possible mifepristone mechanisms and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Landis
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tyler A. U. Hilsabeck
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hans S. Bell
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tal Ronnen-Oron
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Devon V. Doherty
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Felicia I. Tejawinata
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Erickson
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William Vu
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel E. L. Promislow
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Jin R, Wang Y, Cai T, Ren Z, Ma K, He S, Lee KS, Jin BR, Li J, Wan H. Dual oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of UGT overexpression-mediated clothianidin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4159-4167. [PMID: 33934482 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase II metabolic enzymes involved in metabolism of toxins and resistance to insecticides in insect pests. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by xenobiotics are important for activation of detoxification pathways. However, relationships between ROS and UGTs involved in toxin metabolism and insecticide resistance remain unclear. RESULTS Here, involvement of dual oxidase (Duox)-dependent ROS in regulating UGT expression-mediated insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) was investigated. The overexpression of NlUGT386F2 contributed to the resistance of N. lugens to clothianidin. Furthermore, the ROS inhibitor (N-acetylcysteine) significantly reduced the expression of NlUGT386F2 and increased the susceptibility of N. lugens to clothianidin. Silencing the ROS producer Duox significantly increased the susceptibility of N. lugens to clothianidin through the down-regulation of NlUGT386F2 expression. CONCLUSION NlDuox-dependent ROS regulates NlUGT386F2 expression-mediated clothianidin resistance in brown planthopper. These observations further our understanding of the metabolism of toxins and of insecticide-resistance in insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Zhang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chaoya Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ruoheng Jin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tingwei Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Ren
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shun He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kwang S Lee
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung R Jin
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hu Wan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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28
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Cuesta-Astroz Y, Gischkow Rucatti G, Murgas L, SanMartín CD, Sanhueza M, Martin AJM. Filtering of Data-Driven Gene Regulatory Networks Using Drosophila melanogaster as a Case Study. Front Genet 2021; 12:649764. [PMID: 34394179 PMCID: PMC8355599 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) allow the study of regulation of gene expression of whole genomes. Among the most relevant advantages of using networks to depict this key process, there is the visual representation of large amounts of information and the application of graph theory to generate new knowledge. Nonetheless, despite the many uses of GRNs, it is still difficult and expensive to assign Transcription Factors (TFs) to the regulation of specific genes. ChIP-Seq allows the determination of TF Binding Sites (TFBSs) over whole genomes, but it is still an expensive technique that can only be applied one TF at a time and requires replicates to reduce its noise. Once TFBSs are determined, the assignment of each TF and its binding sites to the regulation of specific genes is not trivial, and it is often performed by carrying out site-specific experiments that are unfeasible to perform in all possible binding sites. Here, we addressed these relevant issues with a two-step methodology using Drosophila melanogaster as a case study. First, our protocol starts by gathering all transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) determined with ChIP-Seq experiments available at ENCODE and FlyBase. Then each TFBS is used to assign TFs to the regulation of likely target genes based on the TFBS proximity to the transcription start site of all genes. In the final step, to try to select the most likely regulatory TF from those previously assigned to each gene, we employ GENIE3, a random forest-based method, and more than 9,000 RNA-seq experiments from D. melanogaster. Following, we employed known TF protein-protein interactions to estimate the feasibility of regulatory events in our filtered networks. Finally, we show how known interactions between co-regulatory TFs of each gene increase after the second step of our approach, and thus, the consistency of the TF-gene assignment. Also, we employed our methodology to create a network centered on the Drosophila melanogaster gene Hr96 to demonstrate the role of this transcription factor on mitochondrial gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesid Cuesta-Astroz
- Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Leandro Murgas
- Laboratorio de Biologia de Redes, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Genómica Integrativa, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D SanMartín
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigacíon Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Sanhueza
- Centro de Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto J M Martin
- Laboratorio de Biologia de Redes, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Pes K, Friese A, Cox CJ, Laizé V, Fernández I. Biochemical and molecular responses of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) to short-term exposure to three commonly prescribed drugs. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 168:105309. [PMID: 33798995 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals represent a group of emerging contaminants. The short-term effect (3 and 7 days) of warfarin (1 and 10 mg L-1), dexamethasone (0.392 and 3.92 mg L-1) and imidazole (0.013 and 0.13 mg L-1) exposure was evaluated on mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Total antioxidant status, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities, and the expression of genes involved in the xenobiotic response (ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (abcb1) and several nuclear receptor family J (nr1j) isoforms), were evaluated. All nr1j isoforms are suggested to be the xenobiotic receptor orthologs of the NR1I family. All drugs increased GPx activity and altered the expression of particular nr1j isoforms. Dexamethasone exposure also decreased abcb1 expression. These findings raised some concerns regarding the release of these pharmaceuticals into the aquatic environment. Thus, further studies might be needed to perform an accurate environmental risk assessment of these 3 poorly studied drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Pes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Annika Friese
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cymon J Cox
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Aquaculture Research Center, Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Ctra. Arévalo, s/n. 40196 Zamarramala, Segovia, Spain.
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Amezian D, Nauen R, Le Goff G. Transcriptional regulation of xenobiotic detoxification genes in insects - An overview. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104822. [PMID: 33838715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arthropods have well adapted to the vast array of chemicals they encounter in their environment. Whether these xenobiotics are plant allelochemicals or anthropogenic insecticides one of the strategies they have developed to defend themselves is the induction of detoxification enzymes. Although upregulation of detoxification enzymes and efflux transporters in response to specific inducers has been well described, in insects, yet, little is known on the transcriptional regulation of these genes. Over the past twenty years, an increasing number of studies with insects have used advanced genetic tools such as RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9 and reporter gene assays to dissect the genomic grounds of their xenobiotic response and hence contributed substantially in improving our knowledge on the players involved. Xenobiotics are partly recognized by various "xenobiotic sensors" such as membrane-bound or nuclear receptors. This initiates a molecular reaction cascade ultimately leading to the translocation of a transcription factor to the nucleus that recognizes and binds to short sequences located upstream their target genes to activate transcription. To date, a number of signaling pathways were shown to mediate the upregulation of detoxification enzymes in arthropods and to play a role in either metabolic resistance to insecticides or host-plant adaptation. These include nuclear receptors AhR/ARNT and HR96, GPCRs, CncC and MAPK/CREB. Recent work reveals that upregulation and activation of some components of these pathways as well as polymorphism in the binding motifs of transcription factors are linked to insects' adaptive processes. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize and describe recent work that shed some light on the main regulatory routes of detoxification gene expression in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Amezian
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
| | - Gaëlle Le Goff
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
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Religia P, Nguyen ND, Nong QD, Matsuura T, Kato Y, Watanabe H. Mutation of the Cytochrome P450 CYP360A8 Gene Increases Sensitivity to Paraquat in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1279-1288. [PMID: 33338286 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna has traditionally been a model for ecotoxicological studies owing to its sensitivity to many xenobiotics. Because it is used in many toxicity assessments, its detoxification mechanism for xenobiotics is important and requires further study. However, studies related to detoxification genes are limited to transcriptomic profiling, and there are no D. magna mutants for use in the understanding of xenobiotic metabolism in vivo. We report the generation of a D. magna CYP360A8 mutant-the gene is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) clan 3 gene. Based on RNA sequencing of adult D. magna, we found that CYP360A8 has the highest expression level among all CYP genes. At ovarian maturation, its expression level is up-regulated 6-fold compared to the juvenile stages and is maintained thereafter. Using the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system, we disrupted CYP360A8 by coinjecting CYP360A8-targeting guide RNA and Cas9 proteins into D. magna eggs and established one monoallelic CYP360A8 mutant line. This CYP360A8 mutant had a higher sensitivity to the herbicide paraquat compared to the wild type. We confirmed the up-regulation of CYP360A8 by paraquat. The results demonstrate the role of CYP360A8 in paraquat detoxification. The present study establishes a CYP mutant of D. magna, and this strategy can be a basic platform to document a range of CYP gene-xenobiotic relationships in this species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1279-1288. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijar Religia
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Nhan Duc Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Quang Dang Nong
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuura
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Sandner G, König A, Wallner M, Weghuber J. Alternative model organisms for toxicological fingerprinting of relevant parameters in food and nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5965-5982. [PMID: 33683153 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the field of (food) toxicology, there is a strong trend of replacing animal trials with alternative methods for the assessment of adverse health effects in humans. The replacement of animal trials is not only driven by ethical concerns but also by the number of potential testing substances (food additives, packaging material, contaminants, and toxicants), which is steadily increasing. In vitro 2D cell culture applications in combination with in silico modeling might provide an applicable first response. However, those systems lack accurate predictions of metabolic actions. Thus, alternative in vivo models could fill the gap between cell culture and animal trials. In this review, we highlight relevant studies in the field and spotlight the applicability of alternative models, including C. elegans, D. rerio, Drosophila, HET-CAM and Lab-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Sandner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Alice König
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Melanie Wallner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
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Lu K, Li Y, Cheng Y, Li W, Song Y, Zeng R, Sun Z. Activation of the NR2E nuclear receptor HR83 leads to metabolic detoxification-mediated chlorpyrifos resistance in Nilaparvata lugens. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 173:104800. [PMID: 33771269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increased production of detoxification enzymes appears to be the primary route for insecticide resistance in many crop pests. However, the mechanisms employed by resistant insects for overexpression of detoxification genes involved in insecticide resistance remain obscure. We report here that the NR2E nuclear receptor HR83 plays a critical role in chlorpyrifos resistance by regulating the expression of detoxification genes in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. HR83 was highly expressed in the fat body and ovary of adult females in chlorpyrifos-resistant BPHs. Knockdown of HR83 by RNA interference showed no effect on female fecundity, whereas caused a decrease of resistance to chlorpyrifos. This treatment also led to a dramatic reduction in the expression of multiple detoxification genes, including four UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), three cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and four carboxylesterases (CarEs). Among these HR83-regulated genes, UGT-1-3, UGT-2B10, CYP6CW1, CYP4CE1, CarE and Esterase E4-1 were over-expressed both in the fat body and ovary of the resistant BPHs. Functional analyses revealed that UGT-2B10, CYP4CE1, CarE and Esterase E4-1 are essential for the resistance of BPH to chlorpyrifos. Generally, this study implicates HR83 in the metabolic detoxification-mediated chlorpyrifos resistance and suggests that the regulation of detoxification genes may be an ancestral function of the NR2E nuclear receptor subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yibei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Li X, Deng Z, Chen X. Regulation of insect P450s in response to phytochemicals. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 43:108-116. [PMID: 33385580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivores use phytochemicals as signals to induce expression of their phytochemical-detoxifying cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). The regulatory cascades that transduce phytochemical signals to enhanced expression of P450s are the focus of this review. At least seven signaling pathways, including RTK/MAPK, GPCR/CREB, GPCR/NFκB, ROS/CncC/Keap1, AhR/ARNT, cytosol NR, and nucleus-located NR, may be involved in phytochemical induction of P450s. Constitutive overexpression, overphosphorylation, and/or activation of one or more effectors in the corresponding pathway are common causes of P450 overexpression that lead to phytochemical or insecticide resistance. Future research should pay more attentions to the starting point of each pathway, the number of pathways and their cross talk for a given phytochemical, and the pathways for downregulation of P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Li
- Department of Entomology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
| | - Zhongyuan Deng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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Cheng Y, Li Y, Li W, Song Y, Zeng R, Lu K. Inhibition of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 confers imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens via the activation of cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase genes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128269. [PMID: 33297213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that insect resistance to synthesized insecticides is regulated by the nuclear receptors. However, the underlying mechanisms of this regulation are not clear. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) confers imidacloprid resistance in the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens by regulating cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes. An imidacloprid-resistant strain (Res) exhibited a 251.69-fold resistance to imidacloprid in comparison to the susceptible counterpart (Sus) was obtained by successive selection with imidacloprid. The expression level of HNF4 in the Res strain was lower than that in Sus, and knockdown of HNF4 by RNA interference significantly enhanced the resistance of BPH to imidacloprid. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified 1400 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the HNF4-silenced BPHs compared to controls. Functional enrichment analysis showed that cytochrome P450- and UGT-mediated metabolic detoxification pathways were enriched by the up-regulated DEGs after HNF4 knockdown. Among of them, UGT-1-7, UGT-2B10 and CYP6ER1 were found to be over-expressed in the Res strain, and knockdown of either gene significantly decreased the resistance of BPH to imidacloprid. This study increases our understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of insecticide resistance and also provides potential targets for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yimin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Wenru Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
| | - Kai Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
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Wang Y, Misto M, Yang J, Gehring N, Yu X, Moussian B. Toxicity of Dithiothreitol (DTT) to Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicol Rep 2020; 8:124-130. [PMID: 33425686 PMCID: PMC7782319 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The thiol-containing compound Dithiothreitol (DTT) has been shown to be toxic to cultured cells by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species that ultimately cause cell death. However, its effects on multicellular organisms and the environment have not been investigated yet in detail. In this work, we tested the toxicity of DTT to the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. We show that DTT is lethal to D. melanogaster by topical application but not through feeding. DTT treatment triggers the transcription of the canonical apoptosis regulators grim, hid and rpr at low amounts. The amplitude of this induction declines with elevating DTT amounts. By live microscopy, we observe apoptotic cells especially in the gut of DTT treated flies. In parallel, low DTT amounts also activate the expression of the cuticle barrier component gene snsl. This indicates that a physical defence response is launched upon DTT contact. This combined measure is seemingly successful in preventing fly death. The expression of a number of known detoxification genes including cyp6a2, cyp6a8, cyp12d1 and GstD2 is also enhanced through DTT contact. The degree of upregulation of these genes is proportional to the applied DTT amounts. Despite this effort, flies exposed to high amounts of DTT eventually die. Together, D. melanogaster is able to sense DTT toxicity and adjust the defence response successfully at least at low concentrations. This is the first time to analyse the molecular consequences of DTT exposure in a multicellular organism. Our work provides a new model to discuss the physiological response of animals against thiol toxins and to resurvey the effect of redox agents on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology (Ifiz), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maïlys Misto
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology (Ifiz), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jing Yang
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology (Ifiz), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Gehring
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology (Ifiz), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology (Ifiz), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institut Biologie Valrose (iBV), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice Cedex, France
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Scanlan JL, Gledhill-Smith RS, Battlay P, Robin C. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses in Drosophila suggest that the ecdysteroid kinase-like (EcKL) gene family encodes the 'detoxification-by-phosphorylation' enzymes of insects. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 123:103429. [PMID: 32540344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a phase II detoxification reaction that, among animals, occurs near exclusively in insects, but the enzymes responsible have never been cloned or otherwise identified. We propose the hypothesis that members of the arthropod-specific ecdysteroid kinase-like (EcKL) gene family encode detoxicative kinases. To test this hypothesis, we annotated the EcKL gene family in 12 species of Drosophila and explored their evolution within the genus. Many ancestral EcKL clades are evolutionarily unstable and have experienced repeated gene gain and loss events, while others are conserved as single-copy orthologs. Leveraging multiple published gene expression datasets from D. melanogaster, and using the cytochrome P450s-a classical detoxification family-as a test case, we demonstrate relationships between xenobiotic induction, detoxification tissue-enriched expression and evolutionary instability in the EcKLs and the P450s. We devised a systematic method for identifying candidate detoxification genes in large gene families that is concordant with experimentally determined functions of P450 genes in D. melanogaster. Applying this method to the EcKLs suggested a significant proportion of these genes play roles in detoxification, and that the EcKLs may constitute a detoxification gene family in insects. Additionally, we estimate that between 11 and 16 uncharacterised D. melanogaster P450s are strong detoxification candidates. Lastly, we also found previously unreported genomic and transcriptomic variation in a number of EcKLs and P450s associated with toxic stress phenotypes using a targeted phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) approach in D. melanogaster, presenting multiple future avenues of research for detoxification genetics in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Scanlan
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Rebecca S Gledhill-Smith
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul Battlay
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Charles Robin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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38
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Palli SR. CncC/Maf-mediated xenobiotic response pathway in insects. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21674. [PMID: 32281173 PMCID: PMC9939232 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Insects have evolved resistance to almost all insecticides developed for their control. Multiple mechanisms of resistance, including enhanced metabolism and excretion of insecticides, target-site insensitivity, reduced penetration of insecticides, and avoidance behavior, have been reported. The genes coding for proteins involved in resistance have been identified in numerous insects. The enzymes and transporters required for all three phases of insecticide metabolism and excretion including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, carboxylesterases, and ATP-binding cassette transmembrane transporters have been identified. Recent research in multiple insect species identified CNC-bZIP transcription factor superfamily members as regulators of genes coding for enzymes and transporters involved in insecticide metabolic resistance. The information on the pathway including reactive oxygen species, cap "n" collar isoform-C, and its heterodimer partner, muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis transcription factors involved in overexpression of enzymes and transporters involved insecticide resistance will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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39
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Talamillo A, Ajuria L, Grillo M, Barroso-Gomila O, Mayor U, Barrio R. SUMOylation in the control of cholesterol homeostasis. Open Biol 2020; 10:200054. [PMID: 32370667 PMCID: PMC7276529 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation—protein modification by the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)—affects several cellular processes by modulating the activity, stability, interactions or subcellular localization of a variety of substrates. SUMO modification is involved in most cellular processes required for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Cholesterol is one of the main lipids required to preserve the correct cellular function, contributing to the composition of the plasma membrane and participating in transmembrane receptor signalling. Besides these functions, cholesterol is required for the synthesis of steroid hormones, bile acids, oxysterols and vitamin D. Cholesterol levels need to be tightly regulated: in excess, it is toxic to the cell, and the disruption of its homeostasis is associated with various disorders like atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the role of SUMO in the regulation of proteins involved in the metabolism of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Talamillo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Leiore Ajuria
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Marco Grillo
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Orhi Barroso-Gomila
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ugo Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
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40
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Ding R, Liu S, He C, Nie X. Paracetamol affects the expression of detoxification- and reproduction-related genes and alters the life traits of Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:398-406. [PMID: 32300985 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (APAP) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and has been frequently detected in aquatic environment. However, limited information is provided about the toxic effects and detoxification mechanism of APAP in aquatic invertebrates. In the present study, the change of life traits of Daphnia magna (e.g., body length, growth rate and reproduction) was investigated under the chronic APAP exposure (0-5000 μg/L) for 21 day, and the effects of APAP on the expression of the detoxification- and reproduction-related genes including HR96, CYP360A8, CYP314, MRP4, P-gp, EcR and Vtg in the acute exposure (up to 96 h) were also determined. Results showed that the molting frequency, days to the first brood and days to the first egg production of D. magna were affected under the 50 μg/L concentration of APAP in the chronic exposure test. In the acute test, the transcriptional expression of HR96 was up-regulated under APAP exposure for 24 and 48 h. Similar performances were also observed in the expression of CYP360A8, CYP314, MRP4 and P-gp. However, with exposure time extended to 96 h, the induction of HR96 decreased or even reversed in some cases. It may indicate that the defense system in Daphnia is activated for a short time of exposure or becomes adaptive after longer term of exposure. APAP exposure also affected reproduction-related genes expression, which was related to the exposure time and concentration of APAP. In summary, APAP significantly affected the expression of genes associated with detoxification metabolism and altered some physiological parameters in D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Cuiping He
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Khan S, Nisar A, Yuan J, Luo X, Dou X, Liu F, Zhao X, Li J, Ahmad H, Mehmood SA, Feng X. A Whole Genome Re-Sequencing Based GWA Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Ivermectin Resistance in Haemonchus contortus. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E367. [PMID: 32231078 PMCID: PMC7230667 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important and broad-spectrum drug used to control the parasitic worms to date is ivermectin (IVM). Resistance against IVM has emerged in parasites, and preserving its efficacy is now becoming a serious issue. The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) is economically an important parasite of small ruminants across the globe, which has a successful track record in IVM resistance. There are growing evidences regarding the multigenic nature of IVM resistance, and although some genes have been proposed as candidates of IVM resistance using lower magnification of genome, the genetic basis of IVM resistance still remains poorly resolved. Using the full magnification of genome, we herein applied a population genomics approach to characterize genome-wide signatures of selection among pooled worms from two susceptible and six ivermectin-resistant isolates of H. contortus, and revealed candidate genes under selection in relation to IVM resistance. These candidates also included a previously known IVM-resistance-associated candidate gene HCON_00148840, glc-3. Finally, an RNA-interference-based functional validation assay revealed the HCON_00143950 as IVM-tolerance-associated gene in H. contortus. The possible role of this gene in IVM resistance could be detoxification of xenobiotic in phase I of xenobiotic metabolism. The results of this study further enhance our understanding on the IVM resistance and continue to provide further evidence in favor of multigenic nature of IVM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawar Khan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ayesha Nisar
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianqi Yuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
- Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xueqin Dou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Habib Ahmad
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | | | - Xingang Feng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
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42
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Ma Z, Zhang Y, You C, Zeng X, Gao X. The role of G protein-coupled receptor-related genes in cytochrome P450-mediated resistance of the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), to imidacloprid. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:92-103. [PMID: 31456272 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-four putative G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified in the Musca domestica genome. They were annotated and compared with their homologues in Drosophila melanogaster. Phylogenetic analyses of the GPCRs from both species revealed that several family members shared a closer relationship based on the domain architecture. The expression profiles of these genes were examined by quantitative real-time PCR amongst three strains of the house fly, a near-isogenic line strain with imidacloprid resistance (N-IRS), the corresponding susceptible strain (CSS) and another strain derived from field populations with imidacloprid resistance (IRS). We found that five GPCR genes were upregulated in the N-IRS and eight GPCR genes were upregulated in the IRS strains compared to the CSS strain. The transgenic lines of D. melanogaster with the GPCR genes (LOC101899380 in the N-IRS strain and LOC101895664 in the IRS strain) exhibited significantly increased tolerance to imidacloprid, and higher expression of cytochrome P450 genes. Bioinformatic analysis of LOC101899380 was carried out based on its full-length nucleic acid sequence and putative amino acid sequence, and it was named Methuselah-like10 (Mthl10) owing to its homology with D. melanogaster Mthl10. A cell-base cell counting kit-8 toxicity assay demonstrated that the expression of the GPCR gene LOC101899380 in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells using a baculovirus-mediated expression system can elevate the cell tolerance to imidacloprid, indirectly supporting the hypothesis that the GPCR gene LOC101899380 plays some role in imidacloprid resistance. These results should be useful for furthering understanding of the regulatory pathway by which house flies develop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ma
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - C You
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X Zeng
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - X Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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43
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Jing X, Behmer ST. Insect Sterol Nutrition: Physiological Mechanisms, Ecology, and Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 65:251-271. [PMID: 31600456 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insects, like all eukaryotes, require sterols for structural and metabolic purposes. However, insects, like all arthropods, cannot make sterols. Cholesterol is the dominant tissue sterol for most insects; insect herbivores produce cholesterol by metabolizing phytosterols, but not always with high efficiency. Many insects grow on a mixed-sterol diet, but this ability varies depending on the types and ratio of dietary sterols. Dietary sterol uptake, transport, and metabolism are regulated by several proteins and processes that are relatively conserved across eukaryotes. Sterol requirements also impact insect ecology and behavior. There is potential to exploit insect sterol requirements to (a) control insect pests in agricultural systems and (b) better understand sterol biology, including in humans. We suggest that future studies focus on the genetic mechanism of sterol metabolism and reverse transportation, characterizing sterol distribution and function at the cellular level, the role of bacterial symbionts in sterol metabolism, and interrupting sterol trafficking for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Spencer T Behmer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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44
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Fu Z, Agudelo P, Wells CE. Detoxification-related gene expression accompanies anhydrobiosis in the foliar nematode ( Aphelenchoides fragariae). J Nematol 2020; 52:1-12. [PMID: 32449331 PMCID: PMC7266049 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The foliar nematode (Aphelenchoides fragariae) is a quarantined pest that infects a broad range of herbaceous and woody plants. Previous work has demonstrated its remarkable ability to survive rapid and extreme desiccation, although the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its anhydrobiotic response have not been characterized. The authors used RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly to compare patterns of gene expression between hydrated and 24-hr desiccated nematodes. In total, 2,083 and 953 genes were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in desiccated nematodes. Of the 100 annotated genes with the largest positive fold-changes, more than one third encoded putative detoxification-related proteins. Genes encoding enzymes of Phase I and Phase II detoxification systems were among the most strongly upregulated in the transcriptome, including 35 cytochrome p450s, 23 short chain dehydrogenase/reductases, 5 glutathione-S-transferases, and 22 UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Genes encoding heat shock proteins, unfolded protein response enzymes, and intrinsically disordered proteins were also upregulated. Anhydrobiosis in A. fragariae appears to involve both strategies to minimize protein misfolding and aggregation, and wholesale induction of the cellular detoxification machinery. These processes may be controlled in part through the activity of forkhead transcription factors similar to Caenorhabditis elegans’ daf-16, a number of which were differentially expressed under desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fu
- School of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental Sciences , Clemson University , Clemson, SC, 29634 ; Department of Entomology , Washington State University , Pullman, WA, 99164
| | - Paula Agudelo
- School of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental Sciences , Clemson University , Clemson, SC, 29634
| | - Christina E Wells
- Department of Biological Sciences , Clemson University , Clemson, SC, 29634
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Baldwin WS. Phase 0 of the Xenobiotic Response: Nuclear Receptors and Other Transcription Factors as a First Step in Protection from Xenobiotics. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2019; 6:101447. [PMID: 31815118 PMCID: PMC6897393 DOI: 10.32527/2019/101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review examines the crucial importance of transcription factors as a first line of defense in the detoxication of xenobiotics. Key transcription factors that recognize xenobiotics or xenobiotic-induced stress such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), include AhR, PXR, CAR, MTF, Nrf2, NF-κB, and AP-1. These transcription factors constitute a significant portion of the pathways induced by toxicants as they regulate phase I-III detoxication enzymes and transporters as well as other protective proteins such as heat shock proteins, chaperones, and anti-oxidants. Because they are often the first line of defense and induce phase I-III metabolism, could these transcription factors be considered the phase 0 of xenobiotic response?
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Baldwin
- Clemson University, Biological Sciences/Environmental Toxicology, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634
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46
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Scott JG, Buchon N. Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful tool for studying insect toxicology. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 161:95-103. [PMID: 31685202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are valuable and widely used tools for the control of pest insects. Despite the use of synthetic insecticides for >50 years, we continue to have a limited understanding of the genes that influence the key steps of the poisoning process. Major barriers for improving our understanding of insecticide toxicity have included a narrow range of tools and/or a large number of candidate genes that could be involved in the poisoning process. Herein, we discuss the numerous tools and resources available in Drosophila melanogaster that could be brought to bear to improve our understanding of the processes determining insecticide toxicity. These include unbiased approaches such as forward genetic screens, population genetic methods and candidate gene approaches. Examples are provided to showcase how D. melanogaster has been successfully used for insecticide toxicology studies in the past, and ideas for future studies using this valuable insect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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47
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Snoeck S, Kurlovs AH, Bajda S, Feyereisen R, Greenhalgh R, Villacis-Perez E, Kosterlitz O, Dermauw W, Clark RM, Van Leeuwen T. High-resolution QTL mapping in Tetranychus urticae reveals acaricide-specific responses and common target-site resistance after selection by different METI-I acaricides. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 110:19-33. [PMID: 31022513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod herbivores cause dramatic crop losses, and frequent pesticide use has led to widespread resistance in numerous species. One such species, the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is an extreme generalist herbivore and a major worldwide crop pest with a history of rapidly developing resistance to acaricides. Mitochondrial Electron Transport Inhibitors of complex I (METI-Is) have been used extensively in the last 25 years to control T. urticae around the globe, and widespread resistance to each has been documented. METI-I resistance mechanisms in T. urticae are likely complex, as increased metabolism by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases as well as a target-site mutation have been linked with resistance. To identify loci underlying resistance to the METI-I acaricides fenpyroximate, pyridaben and tebufenpyrad without prior hypotheses, we crossed a highly METI-I-resistant strain of T. urticae to a susceptible one, propagated many replicated populations over multiple generations with and without selection by each compound, and performed bulked segregant analysis genetic mapping. Our results showed that while the known H92R target-site mutation was associated with resistance to each compound, a genomic region that included cytochrome P450-reductase (CPR) was associated with resistance to pyridaben and tebufenpyrad. Within CPR, a single nonsynonymous variant distinguished the resistant strain from the sensitive one. Furthermore, a genomic region linked with tebufenpyrad resistance harbored a non-canonical member of the nuclear hormone receptor 96 (NHR96) gene family. This NHR96 gene does not encode a DNA-binding domain (DBD), an uncommon feature in arthropods, and belongs to an expanded family of 47 NHR96 proteins lacking DBDs in T. urticae. Our findings suggest that although cross-resistance to METI-Is involves known detoxification pathways, structural differences in METI-I acaricides have also resulted in resistance mechanisms that are compound-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Snoeck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andre H Kurlovs
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Sabina Bajda
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - René Feyereisen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Robert Greenhalgh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Ernesto Villacis-Perez
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1908 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Olivia Kosterlitz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Present address: Department of Biology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Richard M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1908 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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48
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Hu B, Zhang S, Ren M, Tian X, Wei Q, Mburu DK, Su J. The expression of Spodoptera exigua P450 and UGT genes: tissue specificity and response to insecticides. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:199-216. [PMID: 28881445 PMCID: PMC7379962 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) as phase I and phase II metabolism enzymes, respectively, play vital roles in the breakdown of endobiotics and xenobiotics. Insects can increase the expression of detoxification enzymes to cope with the stress from xenobiotics including insecticides. However, the molecular mechanisms for insecticide detoxification in Spodoptera exigua remain elusive, and the genes conferring insecticide metabolisms in this species are less well reported. In this study, 68 P450 and 32 UGT genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed gene expansions in CYP3 and CYP4 clans of P450 genes and UGT33 family of this pest. P450 and UGT genes exhibited specific tissue expression patterns. Insecticide treatments in fat body cells of S. exigua revealed that the expression levels of P450 and UGT genes were significantly influenced by challenges of abamectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, metaflumizone and indoxacarb. Multiple genes for detoxification were affected in expression levels after insecticide exposures. The results demonstrated that lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, metaflumizone and indoxacarb induced similar responses in the expression of P450 and UGT genes in fat body cells; eight P450 genes and four UGT genes were co-up-regulated significantly, and no or only a few CYP/UGT genes were down-regulated significantly by these four insecticides. However, abamectin triggered a distinct response for P450 and UGT gene expression; more P450 and UGT genes were down-regulated by abamectin than by the other four compounds. In conclusion, P450 and UGT genes from S. exigua were identified, and different responses to abamectin suggest a different mechanism for insecticide detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shu‐Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Miao‐Miao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiang‐Rui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - David Kibe Mburu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jian‐Ya Su
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education)College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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Li X, Shan C, Li F, Liang P, Smagghe G, Gao X. Transcription factor FTZ-F1 and cis-acting elements mediate expression of CYP6BG1 conferring resistance to chlorantraniliprole in Plutella xylostella. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1172-1180. [PMID: 30471186 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification plays an important role in the development of insecticide resistance. Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of CYP6BG1 was responsible for permethrin resistance in Plutella xylostella, and our experiments also showed that upregulation of this gene is associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in P. xylostella. However, the transcriptional regulation involved in the expression of CYP6BG1 remains unknown. To further investigate the regulation of CYP6BG1 expression, the promoters of this gene were cloned and analyzed from one susceptible and four different resistant populations of P. xylostella. RESULTS First, the promoter region of P. xylostella CYP6BG1 was compared in five populations, and three types of 5'-flanking region were found. Second, the region between -562 and +49 of CYP6BG1 in a field population (TH) of P. xylostella showed the highest promoter activity and could be induced by chlorantraniliprole. Third, the transcriptional factor FTZ-F1, which is an orphan nuclear receptor and binds to the fushi tarazu (ftz) gene, was predicted by the online software Alggen and Jaspar. It was proved to regulate the expression of CYP6BG1 by RNAi. The expression levels of FTZ-F1 and CYP6BG1 could be induced by chlorantraniliprole and were significantly higher in the resistant populations. CONCLUSIONS These data give a better understanding of the transcriptional regulation of an important insecticide detoxification enzyme gene, and therefore will help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in P. xylostella. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Li
- Department of Entomology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Shan
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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50
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Ma X. Crosstalk Between Nutrients and Xenobiotic Receptors. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:3. [DOI: 10.2174/138920022001190125110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre (MAFIC) College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University (CAU) Beijing, China
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