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Zhou YS, Huang J, Cao WX, Yu AX, Li P, Liang JL, Leng XY, Jin J, Yu P, Liu J. The therapeutic mechanism of Compound Lurong Jiangu Capsule for the treatment of cadmium-induced osteoporosis: network pharmacology and experimental verification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1331488. [PMID: 39050570 PMCID: PMC11266182 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1331488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Among bone diseases, osteoporosis-like skeleton, such as trabecular thinning, fracture and so on, is the main pathological change of cadmium-induced osteoporosis(Cd-OP), accompanied by brittle bone and increased fracture rate. However, the mechanism underlying cadmium-induced osteoporosis has remained elusive. Compound Lurong Jiangu Capsule (CLJC) is an experienced formula for the treatment of bone diseases, which has the effect of tonifying kidney and strengthening bones, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. Objective Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology combined with experiments were used to investigate the potential mechanism of CLJC in treating Cd-OP. Method The active compounds and corresponding targets of each herb in CLJC were searched in the TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. The DisGeNet, OMIM, and GeneCards databases searched for Cd-OP targets. The relationship between both of them was visualized by establishing an herb-compound-target network using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. Gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed after determining the intersection of the targets from CLJC and Cd-OP. What's more, molecular docking was performed to validate the results. All of them were aim to obtain hud signaling pathways for further study. Finally, BAX, BCL-2, and CASPASE-3 were screened and selected for further experiments, which included bone imaging and reconstruction analysis (Micro-CT), hematoxylin-eosin Staining (HE), and western blot (WB). Results 106 common targets from CLJC and Cd-OP targets were identified. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that multiple signaling pathways, such as the pathways in cancer, may play roles in treatment. Verification of the molecular docking was successful. Here we showed that Cd-OP displayed Tb.Th and Tb.N significantly reduced and even broke, irregular proliferation of bone cortex, uneven and loose trabecular bone arrangement, changed in apoptosis-related proteins, such as significant upregulation of CASPASE-3, BAX protein and significant downregulation of BCL-2 protein in vivo, while CLJC rescued these phenotypes. Conclusion This study revealed that CLJC can reduce the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, and multiple components and multiple targets inhibit Cd-OP through apoptosis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-shuang Zhou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wen-xuan Cao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ao-xue Yu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Pan Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-ling Liang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiang-yang Leng
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Li J, Zhang Z, Tang J, Hou Z, Li L, Li B. Emerging roles of nerve-bone axis in modulating skeletal system. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1867-1903. [PMID: 38421080 DOI: 10.1002/med.22031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, emerging evidence in the literature has demonstrated that the innervation of bone is a crucial modulator for skeletal physiology and pathophysiology. The nerve-bone axis sparked extensive preclinical and clinical investigations aimed at elucidating the contribution of nerve-bone crosstalks to skeleton metabolism, homeostasis, and injury repair through the perspective of skeletal neurobiology. To date, peripheral nerves have been widely reported to mediate bone growth and development and fracture healing via the secretion of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, axon guidance factors, and neurotrophins. Relevant studies have further identified several critical neural pathways that stimulate profound alterations in bone cell biology, revealing a complex interplay between the skeleton and nerve systems. In addition, inspired by nerve-bone crosstalk, novel drug delivery systems and bioactive materials have been developed to emulate and facilitate the process of natural bone repair through neuromodulation, eventually boosting osteogenesis for ideal skeletal tissue regeneration. Overall, this work aims to review the novel research findings that contribute to deepening the current understanding of the nerve-bone axis, bringing forth some schemas that can be translated into the clinical scenario to highlight the critical roles of neuromodulation in the skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shi H, Chen M. The brain-bone axis: unraveling the complex interplay between the central nervous system and skeletal metabolism. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:317. [PMID: 38849920 PMCID: PMC11161955 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain-bone axis has emerged as a captivating field of research, unveiling the intricate bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal metabolism. This comprehensive review delves into the current state of knowledge surrounding the brain-bone axis, exploring the complex mechanisms, key players, and potential clinical implications of this fascinating area of study. The review discusses the neural regulation of bone metabolism, highlighting the roles of the sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters in modulating bone remodeling. In addition, it examines the influence of bone-derived factors, such as osteocalcin and fibroblast growth factor 23, on brain function and behavior. The therapeutic potential of targeting the brain-bone axis in the context of skeletal and neurological disorders is also explored. By unraveling the complex interplay between the CNS and skeletal metabolism, this review aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, clinicians, and students interested in the brain-bone axis and its implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Shi
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Min Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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Liu ZT, Liu MH, Xiong Y, Wang YJ, Bu XL. Crosstalk between bone and brain in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38824621 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves multiple systems in the body. Numerous recent studies have revealed bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and bone, but the interaction between bone and brain in AD remains unclear. In this review, we summarize human studies of the association between bone and brain and provide an overview of their interactions and the underlying mechanisms in AD. We review the effects of AD on bone from the aspects of AD pathogenic proteins, AD risk genes, neurohormones, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the autonomic nervous system. Correspondingly, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the involvement of bone in the pathogenesis of AD, including bone-derived hormones, bone marrow-derived cells, bone-derived EVs, and inflammation. On the basis of the crosstalk between bone and the brain, we propose potential strategies for the management of AD with the hope of offering novel perspectives on its prevention and treatment. HIGHLIGHTS: The pathogenesis of AD, along with its consequent changes in the brain, may involve disturbing bone homeostasis. Degenerative bone disorders may influence the progression of AD through a series of pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, relevant bone intervention strategies may be beneficial for the comprehensive management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ting Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Han Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Su Z, Guo C, Gui X, Wu L, Zhang B, Qin Y, Tan Z, Zhou C, Wei W, Fan Y, Zhang X. 3D printing of customized bioceramics for promoting bone tissue regeneration by regulating sympathetic nerve behavior. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4217-4231. [PMID: 38596904 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that there are multiple neural activities involved in the process of bone resorption and bone regeneration, and promoting osteogenesis by promoting neural network reconstruction is an effective strategy for repairing critical size bone defects. However, traumatic bone defects often cause activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the damaged area, releasing excess catecholamines (CAs), resulting in a decrease in the rate of bone formation. Herein, a 3D-printed scaffold loaded with propranolol (PRN) is proposed to reduce CA concentrations in bone defect areas and promote bone regeneration through drug release. For this purpose, PRN-loaded methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) microspheres were mixed with low-concentration GelMA and perfused into a 3D-printed porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffold. By releasing PRN, which can block β-adrenergic receptors, it hinders the activation of sympathetic nerves and inhibits the release of excess CA by the SNS. At the same time, the composite scaffold recruits bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and promotes the differentiation of BMSCs in the direction of osteoblasts, which effectively promotes bone regeneration in the rabbit femoral condyle defect model. The results of the study showed that the release of PRN from the composite scaffold could effectively hinder the activation of sympathetic nerves and promote bone regeneration, providing a new strategy for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Su
- College of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Chuan Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xingyu Gui
- College of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Lina Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Boqing Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yuxiang Qin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yujiang Fan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Ge D, Huang Y, Yao Q. The impact and mechanism of nerve injury on bone metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149699. [PMID: 38412668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
With an increasing understanding of the mechanisms of fracture healing, it has been found that nerve injury plays a crucial role in the process, but the specific mechanism is yet to be completely revealed. To address this issue and provide novel insights for fracture treatment, we compiled this review. This review aims to study the impact of nerve injury on fracture healing, exploring the role of neurotrophic factors in the healing process. We first revisited the effects of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) on the skeletal system, and further explained the phenomenon of significantly accelerated fracture healing under nerve injury conditions. Then, from the perspective of neurotrophic factors, we delved into the physiological functions and mechanisms of neurotrophic factors, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), Neuropeptides (NPs), and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in bone metabolism. These effects include direct actions on bone cells, improvement of local blood supply, regulation of bone growth factors, control of cellular signaling pathways, promotion of callus formation and bone regeneration, and synergistic or antagonistic effects with other endocrine factors, such as Sema3A and Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β). Finally, we discussed the treatments of fractures with nerve injuries and the future research directions in this review, suggesting that the relationship between nerve injury and fracture healing, as well as the role of nerve injury in other skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Huang
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals & Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing & Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.
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Elhalag RH, Chèbl P, Bayoumy NM, Hassan NAIF, Hagar H, Abowafia M, Gaber H, Belal MM, Shah J, Motawea KR. The risk of bone fractures in dementia patients receiving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: a meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2105-2115. [PMID: 38576949 PMCID: PMC10990402 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The authors aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to determine if acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may pose a direct threat, increasing the incidence of fractures in dementia patients. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched. Inclusion criteria were any original studies that demonstrated the link between acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the incidence of fracture in patients with dementia. RevMan(5.4) was used. Results Seven observational studies were included. The total number of patients included in the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors group is 274 332 and 290 347 in the control group. The pooled analysis showed that the risk of bone fracture was not statistically different between dementia patients who received acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and those who did not receive them (odds ratio=1.44, CI 0.95, 2.19, P=0.09). Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant difference between dementia patients who took acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and those who didn't take acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in those more than or equal to 80 years old and those less than 80 years old (P=0.44) and (P=0.34) respectively. However, our results showed a statistically significant association between dementia patients who received acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and decreased fracture risk in those receiving the treatment for more than or less than 2 years (risk ratio=0.48, CI= 0.45, 0.51, P<0.00001) and (risk ratio=0.84, CI 0.70, 0.99, P=0.04), respectively. Conclusion Our study revealed no role for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in increasing the risk of fracture compared with controls. Hence, based on our analysis, they might have a protective role against fracture when used for long periods considering their positive action on bone growth and development. Therefore, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors could be considered a safe option for improving cognitive functions in elderly demented patients without carrying any additional risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pensée Chèbl
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria
| | | | | | - Hanan Hagar
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Hamed Gaber
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria
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Ma C, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Hu CH, Zheng CX, Jin Y, Sui BD. Autonomic neural regulation in mediating the brain-bone axis: mechanisms and implications for regeneration under psychological stress. QJM 2024; 117:95-108. [PMID: 37252831 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient regeneration of bone defects caused by disease or significant trauma is a major challenge in current medicine, which is particularly difficult yet significant under the emerging psychological stress in the modern society. Notably, the brain-bone axis has been proposed as a prominent new concept in recent years, among which autonomic nerves act as an essential and emerging skeletal pathophysiological factor related to psychological stress. Studies have established that sympathetic cues lead to impairment of bone homeostasis mainly through acting on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives with also affecting the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-lineage osteoclasts, and the autonomic neural regulation of stem cell lineages in bone is increasingly recognized to contribute to the bone degenerative disease, osteoporosis. This review summarizes the distribution characteristics of autonomic nerves in bone, introduces the regulatory effects and mechanisms of autonomic nerves on MSC and HSC lineages, and expounds the crucial role of autonomic neural regulation on bone physiology and pathology, which acts as a bridge between the brain and the bone. With the translational perspective, we further highlight the autonomic neural basis of psychological stress-induced bone loss and a series of pharmaceutical therapeutic strategies and implications toward bone regeneration. The summary of research progress in this field will add knowledge to the current landscape of inter-organ crosstalk and provide a medicinal basis for the achievement of clinical bone regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - C-H Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - C-X Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - B-D Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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9
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Zhao Y, Peng X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang L, Xu Y, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk Between the Neuroendocrine System and Bone Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:95-124. [PMID: 37459436 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The homeostasis of bone microenvironment is the foundation of bone health and comprises 2 concerted events: bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. In the early 21st century, leptin, an adipocytes-derived hormone, was found to affect bone homeostasis through hypothalamic relay and the sympathetic nervous system, involving neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. This discovery has provided a new perspective regarding the synergistic effects of endocrine and nervous systems on skeletal homeostasis. Since then, more studies have been conducted, gradually uncovering the complex neuroendocrine regulation underlying bone homeostasis. Intriguingly, bone is also considered as an endocrine organ that can produce regulatory factors that in turn exert effects on neuroendocrine activities. After decades of exploration into bone regulation mechanisms, separate bioactive factors have been extensively investigated, whereas few studies have systematically shown a global view of bone homeostasis regulation. Therefore, we summarized the previously studied regulatory patterns from the nervous system and endocrine system to bone. This review will provide readers with a panoramic view of the intimate relationship between the neuroendocrine system and bone, compensating for the current understanding of the regulation patterns of bone homeostasis, and probably developing new therapeutic strategies for its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaole Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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Li S, Teguh D, Wu D, Liu L, Hu C, Yuan J, Inderjeeth CA, Xu J. Antidementia medication acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have therapeutic benefits on osteoporotic bone by attenuating osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1823-1835. [PMID: 37334837 PMCID: PMC10952741 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), a group of drugs that stimulate acetylcholine receptors and are used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), is associated with osteoporosis protection and inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and function. Firstly, we examined the effects of AChEIs on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and function with osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption assays. Next, we investigated the impacts of AChEIs on RANKL-induced nuclear factor κB and NFATc1 activation and expression of osteoclast marker proteins CA-2, CTSK and NFATc1, and dissected the MAPK signaling in osteoclasts in vitro by using luciferase assay and Western blot. Finally, we assessed the in vivo efficacy of AChEIs using an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis mouse model, which was analyzed using microcomputed tomography, in vivo osteoclast and osteoblast parameters were assessed using histomorphometry. We found that Donepezil and Rivastigmine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and impaired osteoclastic bone resorption. Moreover, AChEIs reduced the RANKL-induced transcription of Nfatc1, and expression of osteoclast marker genes to varying degrees (mainly Donepezil and Rivastigmine but not Galantamine). Furthermore, AChEIs variably inhibited RANKL-induced MAPK signaling accompanied by downregulation of AChE transcription. Finally, AChEIs protected against OVX-induced bone loss mainly by inhibiting osteoclast activity. Taken together, AChEIs (mainly Donepezil and Rivastigmine) exerted a positive effect on bone protection by inhibiting osteoclast function through MAPK and NFATc1 signaling pathways through downregulating AChE. Our findings have important clinical implications that elderly patients with dementia who are at risk of developing osteoporosis may potentially benefit from therapy with the AChEI drugs. Our study may influence drug choice in those patients with both AD and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfu Li
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dian Teguh
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Depeng Wu
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lesong Liu
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaofeng Hu
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinbo Yuan
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Charles A. Inderjeeth
- North Metropolitan Health Service and Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of MedicineThe University of Western AustraliaWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academic of SciencesShenzhenChina
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11
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Londzin P, Trawczyński M, Cegieła U, Czuba ZP, Folwarczna J. Effects of Donepezil on the Musculoskeletal System in Female Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108991. [PMID: 37240337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The extension of human life makes it more and more important to prevent and treat diseases of the elderly, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis. Little is known about the effects of drugs used in the treatment of AD on the musculoskeletal system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on the musculoskeletal system in rats with normal and reduced estrogen levels. The study was carried out on four groups of mature female rats: non-ovariectomized (NOVX) control rats, NOVX rats treated with donepezil, ovariectomized (OVX) control rats and OVX rats treated with donepezil. Donepezil (1 mg/kg p.o.) was administered for four weeks, starting one week after the ovariectomy. The serum concentrations of CTX-I, osteocalcin and other biochemical parameters, bone mass, density, mineralization, histomorphometric parameters and mechanical properties, and skeletal muscle mass and strength were examined. Estrogen deficiency increased bone resorption and formation and worsened cancellous bone mechanical properties and histomorphometric parameters. In NOVX rats, donepezil decreased bone volume to tissue volume ratio in the distal femoral metaphysis, increased the serum phosphorus concentration and tended to decrease skeletal muscle strength. No significant bone effects of donepezil were observed in OVX rats. The results of the present study indicate slightly unfavorable effects of donepezil on the musculoskeletal system in rats with normal estrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Londzin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marcin Trawczyński
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Urszula Cegieła
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zenon P Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Folwarczna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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12
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Asada N, Katayama Y. A mysterious triangle of blood, bones, and nerves. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:404-414. [PMID: 36752904 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between bone tissue and bone marrow, which is responsible for hematopoiesis, is inseparable. Osteoblasts and osteocytes, which produce and consist of bone tissue, regulate the function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the ancestors of all hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. The peripheral nervous system finely regulates bone remodeling in bone tissue and modulates HSC function within the bone marrow, either directly or indirectly via modification of the HSC niche function. Peripheral nerve signals also play an important role in the development and progression of malignant tumors (including hematopoietic tumors) and normal tissues, and peripheral nerve control is emerging as a potential new therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the linkage among blood system, bone tissue, and peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Asada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Katayama
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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13
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Hallmarks of peripheral nerve function in bone regeneration. Bone Res 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 36599828 PMCID: PMC9813170 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal tissue is highly innervated. Although different types of nerves have been recently identified in the bone, the crosstalk between bone and nerves remains unclear. In this review, we outline the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in bone regeneration following injury. We first introduce the conserved role of nerves in tissue regeneration in species ranging from amphibians to mammals. We then present the distribution of the PNS in the skeletal system under physiological conditions, fractures, or regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the ways in which the PNS communicates with bone-lineage cells, the vasculature, and immune cells in the bone microenvironment. Based on this comprehensive and timely review, we conclude that the PNS regulates bone regeneration through neuropeptides or neurotransmitters and cells in the peripheral nerves. An in-depth understanding of the roles of peripheral nerves in bone regeneration will inform the development of new strategies based on bone-nerve crosstalk in promoting bone repair and regeneration.
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14
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Li S, Li Z, Yang J, Ha Y, Zhou X, He C. Inhibition of Sympathetic Activation by Delivering Calcium Channel Blockers from a 3D Printed Scaffold to Promote Bone Defect Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200785. [PMID: 35666701 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing osteogenesis by promoting neural network reconstruction and neuropeptide release is considered to be an attractive strategy for repairing of critical size bone defects. However, traumatic bone defects often activate the damaged sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the defect area and release excessive catecholamine to hinder bone defect repair. Herein, a 3D printed scaffold loaded with the calcium channel blocker-nifedipine is proposed to reduce the concentration of catecholamine present in the bone defect region and to accelerate bone healing. To this end, nifedipine-loaded ethosome and laponite are added into a mixed solution containing sodium alginate, methacrylated gelatin, and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to prepare a cell-laden scaffold using 3D bioprinting. The released nifedipine is able to close the calcium channels of nerve cells, thereby blocking sympathetic activation and ultimately inhibiting the release of catecholamine by sympathetic nerve cells, which further promotes the osteogenic differentiation and migration of BMSCs, inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro, and effectively improves bone regeneration in a rat critical-size calvarial defect model. Therefore, the results suggest that sustained release of nifedipine from the scaffold can effectively block SNS activation, providing promising strategies for future treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yujie Ha
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chuanglong He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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15
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Mechanisms of bone pain: Progress in research from bench to bedside. Bone Res 2022; 10:44. [PMID: 35668080 PMCID: PMC9170780 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe field of research on pain originating from various bone diseases is expanding rapidly, with new mechanisms and targets asserting both peripheral and central sites of action. The scope of research is broadening from bone biology to neuroscience, neuroendocrinology, and immunology. In particular, the roles of primary sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells in the peripheral tissues as important targets for bone pain treatment are under extensive investigation in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. An understanding of the peripheral mechanisms underlying pain conditions associated with various bone diseases will aid in the appropriate application and development of optimal strategies for not only managing bone pain symptoms but also improving bone repairing and remodeling, which potentially cures the underlying etiology for long-term functional recovery. In this review, we focus on advances in important preclinical studies of significant bone pain conditions in the past 5 years that indicated new peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal mechanisms, novel targets for potential clinical interventions, and future directions of research.
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16
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Gadomski S, Fielding C, García-García A, Korn C, Kapeni C, Ashraf S, Villadiego J, Toro RD, Domingues O, Skepper JN, Michel T, Zimmer J, Sendtner R, Dillon S, Poole KES, Holdsworth G, Sendtner M, Toledo-Aral JJ, De Bari C, McCaskie AW, Robey PG, Méndez-Ferrer S. A cholinergic neuroskeletal interface promotes bone formation during postnatal growth and exercise. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:528-544.e9. [PMID: 35276096 PMCID: PMC9033279 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system is a master regulator of homeostatic processes and stress responses. Sympathetic noradrenergic nerve fibers decrease bone mass, but the role of cholinergic signaling in bone has remained largely unknown. Here, we describe that early postnatally, a subset of sympathetic nerve fibers undergoes an interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced cholinergic switch upon contacting the bone. A neurotrophic dependency mediated through GDNF-family receptor-α2 (GFRα2) and its ligand, neurturin (NRTN), is established between sympathetic cholinergic fibers and bone-embedded osteocytes, which require cholinergic innervation for their survival and connectivity. Bone-lining osteoprogenitors amplify and propagate cholinergic signals in the bone marrow (BM). Moderate exercise augments trabecular bone partly through an IL-6-dependent expansion of sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibers. Consequently, loss of cholinergic skeletal innervation reduces osteocyte survival and function, causing osteopenia and impaired skeletal adaptation to moderate exercise. These results uncover a cholinergic neuro-osteocyte interface that regulates skeletogenesis and skeletal turnover through bone-anabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gadomski
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program in Partnership with Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Claire Fielding
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Andrés García-García
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Claudia Korn
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Chrysa Kapeni
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sadaf Ashraf
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Javier Villadiego
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS (Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Toro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS (Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Olivia Domingues
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jeremy N Skepper
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Tatiana Michel
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Regine Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Scott Dillon
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Kenneth E S Poole
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Juan J Toledo-Aral
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS (Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Andrew W McCaskie
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS (Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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17
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Jenei-Lanzl Z, Pongratz G. Posttraumatic osteoarthritis as potential modulator of autonomic nervous system function. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:498-500. [PMID: 35017059 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - G Pongratz
- Department of Rheumatology and Hiller Research Center for Rheumatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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18
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Liu Y, Rao S, Tan Y, Qian Y, Xia K, Huang J, Liu X, Hong C, Yin H, Cao J, Feng S, He Z, Li Y, Luo Z, Wu B, Yan Z, Chen T, Chen M, Wang Y, Wang Z, Liu Z, Luo M, Hu X, Jin L, Wan T, Yue T, Tang S, Xie H. Neuronal Induction of Bone-Fat Imbalance through Osteocyte Neuropeptide Y. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100808. [PMID: 34719888 PMCID: PMC8693044 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A differentiation switch of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) from osteoblasts to adipocytes contributes to age- and menopause-associated bone loss and marrow adiposity. Here it is found that osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells, promote adipogenesis and inhibit osteogenesis of BMSCs by secreting neuropeptide Y (NPY), whose expression increases with aging and osteoporosis. Deletion of NPY in osteocytes generates a high bone mass phenotype, and attenuates aging- and ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone-fat imbalance in mice. Osteocyte NPY production is under the control of autonomic nervous system (ANS) and osteocyte NPY deletion blocks the ANS-induced regulation of BMSC fate and bone-fat balance. γ-Oryzanol, a clinically used ANS regulator, significantly increases bone formation and reverses aging- and OVX-induced osteocyte NPY overproduction and marrow adiposity in control mice, but not in mice lacking osteocyte NPY. The study suggests a new mode of neuronal control of bone metabolism through the ANS-induced regulation of osteocyte NPY.
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19
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Lauwers M, Courties A, Sellam J, Wen C. The cholinergic system in joint health and osteoarthritis: a narrative-review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:643-653. [PMID: 33609692 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a major health and economic burden worldwide due to an increasing number of patients and the unavailability of disease-modifying drugs. In this review, the latest understanding of the involvement of the cholinergic system in joint homeostasis and OA will be outlined. First of all, the current evidence on the presence of the cholinergic system in the normal and OA joint will be described. Cholinergic innervation as well as the non-neuronal cholinergic system are detected. In a variety of inflammatory diseases, the classic cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway lately received a lot of attention as via this pathway cholinergic agonists can reduce inflammation. The role of this cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the context of OA will be discussed. Activation of this pathway improved the progression of the disease. Secondly, chondrocyte hypertrophy plays a pivotal role in osteophyte formation and OA development; the impact of the cholinergic system on hypertrophic chondroblasts and endochondral ossification will be evaluated. Cholinergic stimulation increased chondrocyte proliferation, delayed chondrocyte differentiation and caused early mineralisation. Moreover, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase affect the endochondral ossification via an acetylcholine-independent pathway. Thirdly, subchondral bone is critical for cartilage homeostasis and metabolism; the cholinergic system in subchondral bone homeostasis and disorders will be explored. An increase in osteoblast proliferation and osteoclast apoptosis is observed. Lastly, current therapeutic strategies for OA are limited to symptom relief; here the impact of smoking on disease progression and the potential of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as candidate disease-modifying drug for OA will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lauwers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - A Courties
- Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Inserm UMRS_938, Sorbonne Université, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - J Sellam
- Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Inserm UMRS_938, Sorbonne Université, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - C Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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20
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Wan Q, Qin W, Ma Y, Shen M, Li J, Zhang Z, Chen J, Tay FR, Niu L, Jiao K. Crosstalk between Bone and Nerves within Bone. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003390. [PMID: 33854888 PMCID: PMC8025013 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
For the past two decades, the function of intrabony nerves on bone has been a subject of intense research, while the function of bone on intrabony nerves is still hidden in the corner. In the present review, the possible crosstalk between bone and intrabony peripheral nerves will be comprehensively analyzed. Peripheral nerves participate in bone development and repair via a host of signals generated through the secretion of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, axon guidance factors and neurotrophins, with additional contribution from nerve-resident cells. In return, bone contributes to this microenvironmental rendezvous by housing the nerves within its internal milieu to provide mechanical support and a protective shelf. A large ensemble of chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues works in harmony with bone marrow stromal cells in the regulation of intrabony nerves. The crosstalk between bone and nerves is not limited to the physiological state, but also involved in various bone diseases including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, psychological stress-related bone abnormalities, and bone related tumors. This crosstalk may be harnessed in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds for repair of bone defects or be targeted for treatment of diseases related to bone and peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian‐Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Wen‐Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Yu‐Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Min‐Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Zi‐Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Ji‐Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- College of Graduate StudiesAugusta UniversityAugustaGA30912USA
| | - Li‐Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
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21
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Ribeiro AB, Brognara F, da Silva JF, Castania JA, Fernandes PG, Tostes RC, Salgado HC. Carotid sinus nerve stimulation attenuates alveolar bone loss and inflammation in experimental periodontitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19258. [PMID: 33159128 PMCID: PMC7648828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes modulate inflammatory responses. However, whether these reflexes attenuate periodontal diseases has been poorly examined. Thus, the present study determined the effects of electrical activation of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) in rats with periodontitis. We hypothesized that activation of the baro and chemoreflexes attenuates alveolar bone loss and the associated inflammatory processes. Electrodes were implanted around the CSN, and bilateral ligation of the first mandibular molar was performed to, respectively, stimulate the CNS and induce periodontitis. The CSN was stimulated daily for 10 min, during nine days, in unanesthetized animals. On the eighth day, a catheter was inserted into the left femoral artery and, in the next day, the arterial pressure was recorded. Effectiveness of the CNS electrical stimulation was confirmed by hypotensive responses, which was followed by the collection of a blood sample, gingival tissue, and jaw. Long-term (9 days) electrical stimulation of the CSN attenuated bone loss and the histological damage around the first molar. In addition, the CSN stimulation also reduced the gingival and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by periodontitis. Thus, CSN stimulation has a protective effect on the development of periodontal disease mitigating alveolar bone loss and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brognara
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Josiane Fernandes da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaci Airton Castania
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Helio Cesar Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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22
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Postoperative Administration of the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Donepezil, Interferes with Bone Healing and Implant Osseointegration in a Rat Model. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091318. [PMID: 32937955 PMCID: PMC7563209 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor commonly used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Its use has been associated with increased bone mass in humans and animals. However, the effect of postoperative administration of donepezil on bone healing remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of postoperative injection of donepezil on bone healing, titanium-implant osseointegration, and soft tissue healing. Twenty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of either donepezil (0.6 mg/kg) or saline as a control. In each rat, a uni-cortical defect was created in the right tibia metaphysis and a custom-made titanium implant was placed in the left tibiae. After two weeks, rats were euthanized, and their bones were analysed by Micro-CT and histology. The healing of bone defect and implant osseointegration in the rats treated with donepezil were significantly reduced compared to the saline-treated rats. Histomorphometric analysis showed lower immune cell infiltration in bone defects treated with donepezil compared to the saline-treated defects. On the other hand, the healing time of soft tissue wounds was significantly shorter in donepezil-treated rats compared to the controls. In conclusion, short-term administration of donepezil hinders bone healing whereas enhancing soft tissue healing.
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23
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Ma Y, Elefteriou F. Brain-Derived Acetylcholine Maintains Peak Bone Mass in Adult Female Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1562-1571. [PMID: 32282950 PMCID: PMC8087457 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical data support a role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of bone remodeling, but the contribution of parasympathetic arm of the autonomic nervous system to bone homeostasis remains less studied. In this study, we sought to determine whether acetylcholine (ACh) contributes to the regulation of bone remodeling after peak bone mass acquisition. We show that reduced central ACh synthesis in mice heterozygous for the choline transporter (ChT) leads to a decrease in bone mass in young female mice, thus independently confirming the previously reported beneficial effect of ACh signaling on bone mass accrual. Increasing brain ACh levels through the use of the blood brain barrier (BBB)-permeable acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) galantamine increased trabecular bone mass in adult female mice, whereas a peripheral increase in ACh levels induced by the BBB-impermeable AChEI pyridostigmine caused trabecular bone loss. AChEIs did not alter skeletal norepinephrine level, and induced an overall increase in osteoblast and osteoclast densities, two findings that do not support a reduction in sympathetic outflow as the mechanism involved in the pro-anabolic effect of galantamine on the skeleton. In addition, we did not detect changes in the commitment of skeletal progenitor cells to the osteoblast lineage in vivo in AChEI-treated mice, nor a direct impact of these drugs in vitro on the survival and differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast progenitors. Last, ChT heterozygosity and galantamine treatment triggered bone changes in female mice only, thus revealing the existence of a gender-specific skeletal response to brain ACh level. In conclusion, this study supports the stimulatory effect of central ACh on bone mass accrual, shows that it also promotes peak bone mass maintenance in adult mice, and suggests that central ACh regulates bone mass via different mechanisms in growing versus sexually mature mice. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Crosstalk of Brain and Bone-Clinical Observations and Their Molecular Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144946. [PMID: 32668736 PMCID: PMC7404044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As brain and bone disorders represent major health issues worldwide, substantial clinical investigations demonstrated a bidirectional crosstalk on several levels, mechanistically linking both apparently unrelated organs. While multiple stress, mood and neurodegenerative brain disorders are associated with osteoporosis, rare genetic skeletal diseases display impaired brain development and function. Along with brain and bone pathologies, particularly trauma events highlight the strong interaction of both organs. This review summarizes clinical and experimental observations reported for the crosstalk of brain and bone, followed by a detailed overview of their molecular bases. While brain-derived molecules affecting bone include central regulators, transmitters of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nervous system, bone-derived mediators altering brain function are released from bone cells and the bone marrow. Although the main pathways of the brain-bone crosstalk remain ‘efferent’, signaling from brain to bone, this review emphasizes the emergence of bone as a crucial ‘afferent’ regulator of cerebral development, function and pathophysiology. Therefore, unraveling the physiological and pathological bases of brain-bone interactions revealed promising pharmacologic targets and novel treatment strategies promoting concurrent brain and bone recovery.
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25
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Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is the primary site of postnatal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance. The BM HSC niche is an essential microenvironment which evolves and responds to the physiological demands of HSCs. It is responsible for orchestrating the fate of HSCs and tightly regulates the processes that occur in the BM, including self-renewal, quiescence, engraftment, and lineage differentiation. However, the BM HSC niche is disturbed following hematological stress such as hematological malignancies, ionizing radiation, and chemotherapy, causing the cellular composition to alter and remodeling to occur. Consequently, hematopoietic recovery has been the focus of many recent studies and elucidating these mechanisms has great biological and clinical relevance, namely to exploit these mechanisms as a therapeutic treatment for hematopoietic malignancies and improve regeneration following BM injury. The sympathetic nervous system innervates the BM niche and regulates the migration of HSCs in and out of the BM under steady state. However, recent studies have investigated how sympathetic innervation and signaling are dysregulated under stress and the subsequent effect they have on hematopoiesis. Here, we provide an overview of distinct BM niches and how they contribute to HSC regulatory processes with a particular focus on neuronal regulation of HSCs under steady state and stress hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Fielding
- Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone has conventionally been considered to be a passive organ that only receives external control, but according to recent findings, it has become clear that bone is an endocrine organ that actively regulates systemic metabolism through osteocalcin (OC). METHODS We focus on the relationship between the brain and bone and summarize the effects of OC on cognitive function as well as the association between OC and improved cognitive function through exercise. RESULTS The findings suggest that the decrease in OC produced by bone is responsible for the decrease in cognitive function associated with aging. Furthermore, positive effect of improving cognitive function can generally be recognized in exercise interventions conducted for healthy elderly people and those with MCI, and moderate exercise is particularly effective for dementia prevention. CONCLUSION The improving bone health with aging may exert beneficial effects on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan.,Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Imaoka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan.,Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeda
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
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27
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Spieker J, Frieß JL, Sperling L, Thangaraj G, Vogel-Höpker A, Layer PG. Cholinergic control of bone development and beyond. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106405. [PMID: 32208165 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that cholinergic actions affect the health status of bones in vertebrates including man. Nicotine smoking, but also exposure to pesticides or medical drugs point to the significance of cholinergic effects on bone status, as reviewed here in Introduction. Then, we outline processes of endochondral ossification, and review respective cholinergic actions. In Results, we briefly summarize our in vivo and in vitro studies on bone development of chick and mouse [1,2], including (i) expressions of cholinergic components (AChE, BChE, ChAT) in chick embryo, (ii) characterisation of defects during skeletogenesis in prenatal ChE knockout mice, (iii) loss-of-function experiments with beads soaked in cholinergic components and implanted into chicken limb buds, and finally (iv) we use an in vitro mesenchymal 3D-micromass model that mimics cartilage and bone formation, which also had revealed complex crosstalks between cholinergic, radiation and inflammatory mechanisms [3]. In Discussion, we evaluate non-cholinergic actions of cholinesterases during bone formation by considering: (i) how cholinesterases could function in adhesive mechanisms; (ii) whether and how cholinesterases can form bone-regulatory complexes with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and/or ECM components, which could regulate cell division, migration and adhesion. We conclude that cholinergic actions in bone development are driven mainly by classic cholinergic, but non-neural cycles (e.g., by acetylcholine); in addition, both cholinesterases can exert distinct ACh-independent roles. Considering their tremendous medical impact, these results bring forward novel research directions that deserve to be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Spieker
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Johannes L Frieß
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Sperling
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gopenath Thangaraj
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Astrid Vogel-Höpker
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paul G Layer
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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28
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Ogunwale AN, Colon-Emeric CS, Sloane R, Adler RA, Lyles KW, Lee RH. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Are Associated with Reduced Fracture Risk among Older Veterans with Dementia. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:440-445. [PMID: 31711264 PMCID: PMC7215241 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) have been noted to increase bone density and quality in mice. Human studies are limited but suggest an association with improved bone healing after hip fracture. We examined the relationship between AChEI use and fracture risk in a national cohort of 360,015 male veterans aged 65 to 99 years with dementia but without prior fracture using Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital, Medicare, and pharmacy records from 2000 to 2010. Diagnosis of dementia, any clinical fracture (excluding facial and digital), comorbidities, and medications were identified using ICD-9 and drug class codes. Cox proportional hazard models considering AChEI use as a time-varying covariate and adjusting for fall and fracture risk factors compared the time-to-fracture in AChEI users versus non-AChEI users. Potential confounders included demographics (age, race, body mass index), comorbidities associated with fracture or falls (diabetes, lung disease, stroke, Parkinson's, seizures, etc.) and medications associated with fracture or falls (bisphosphonates, glucocorticoids, androgen deprivation therapy [ADT], proton pump inhibitors [PPIs], selective serotonin receptor inhibitors [SSRIs], etc.). Competing mortality risk was considered using the methods of Fine and Gray. To account for persistent effects on bone density or quality that might confer protection after stopping the medication, we completed a secondary analysis using the medication possession ratio (MPR) as a continuous variable in logistic regression models and also compared MPR increments of 10% to minimal/no use (MPR 0 to <0.10). Among older veterans with diagnosis of dementia, 20.1% suffered a fracture over an average of 4.6 years of follow-up. Overall, 42.3% of the cohort were prescribed AChEIs during the study period. The hazard of any fracture among AChEI users compared with those on other/no dementia medications was significantly lower in fully adjusted models (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-0.88). After considering competing mortality risk, fracture risk remained 18% lower in veterans using AChEIs (HR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.76-0.89). © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi N Ogunwale
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cathleen S Colon-Emeric
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard Sloane
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert A Adler
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth W Lyles
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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29
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Frame G, Bretland KA, Dengler-Crish CM. Mechanistic complexities of bone loss in Alzheimer's disease: a review. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:4-18. [PMID: 31184223 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1624734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia in the elderly, is one of the leading age-related neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. While AD is notorious for destroying memory and cognition, dementia patients also experience greater incidence of bone loss and skeletal fracture than age-matched neurotypical individuals, greatly impacting their quality of life. Despite the significance of this comorbidity, there is no solid understanding of the mechanisms driving early bone loss in AD. Here, we review studies that have evaluated many of the obvious risk factors shared by dementia and osteoporosis, and illuminate emerging work investigating covert pathophysiological mechanisms shared between the disorders that may have potential as new risk biomarkers or therapeutic targets in AD.Conclusions: Skeletal deficits emerge very early in clinical Alzheimer's progression, and cannot be explained by coincident factors such as aging, female sex, mobility status, falls, or genetics. While research in this area is still in its infancy, studies implicate several potential mechanisms in disrupting skeletal homeostasis that include direct effects of amyloid-beta pathology on bone cells, neurofibrillary tau-induced damage to neural centers regulating skeletal remodeling, and/or systemic Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling deficits. Data from an increasing number of studies substantiate a role for the newly discovered "exercise hormone" irisin and its protein precursor FNDC5 in bone loss and AD-associated neurodegeneration. We conclude that the current status of research on bone loss in AD is insufficient and merits critical attention because this work could uncover novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities desperately needed to address AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Frame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Katie A Bretland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Integrated Pharmaceutical Medicine Program, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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30
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Parveen B, Parveen A, Vohora D. Biomarkers of Osteoporosis: An Update. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:895-912. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190204165207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Osteoporosis, characterized by compromised bone quality and strength is
associated with bone fragility and fracture risk. Biomarkers are crucial for the diagnosis or prognosis
of a disease as well as elucidating the mechanism of drug action and improve decision making.
Objective:
An exhaustive description of traditional markers including bone mineral density, vitamin D,
alkaline phosphatase, along with potential markers such as microarchitectural determination, trabecular
bone score, osteocalcin, etc. is provided in the current piece of work. This review provides insight into
novel pathways such as the Wnt signaling pathway, neuro-osseous control, adipogenic hormonal imbalance,
gut-bone axis, genetic markers and the role of inflammation that has been recently implicated
in osteoporosis.
Methods:
We extensively reviewed articles from the following databases: PubMed, Medline and Science
direct. The primary search was conducted using a combination of the following keywords: osteoporosis,
bone, biomarkers, bone turnover markers, diagnosis, density, architecture, genetics, inflammation.
Conclusion:
Early diagnosis and intervention delay the development of disease and improve treatment
outcome. Therefore, probing for novel biomarkers that are able to recognize people at high risk for
developing osteoporosis is an effective way to improve the quality of life of patients and to understand
the pathomechanism of the disease in a better way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Parveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi-10062, India
| | - Abida Parveen
- Department of Clinical Research, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi-10062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi-10062, India
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31
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The role of GPCRs in bone diseases and dysfunctions. Bone Res 2019; 7:19. [PMID: 31646011 PMCID: PMC6804689 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) contains immense structural and functional diversity and mediates a myriad of biological processes upon activation by various extracellular signals. Critical roles of GPCRs have been established in bone development, remodeling, and disease. Multiple human GPCR mutations impair bone development or metabolism, resulting in osteopathologies. Here we summarize the disease phenotypes and dysfunctions caused by GPCR gene mutations in humans as well as by deletion in animals. To date, 92 receptors (5 glutamate family, 67 rhodopsin family, 5 adhesion, 4 frizzled/taste2 family, 5 secretin family, and 6 other 7TM receptors) have been associated with bone diseases and dysfunctions (36 in humans and 72 in animals). By analyzing data from these 92 GPCRs, we found that mutation or deletion of different individual GPCRs could induce similar bone diseases or dysfunctions, and the same individual GPCR mutation or deletion could induce different bone diseases or dysfunctions in different populations or animal models. Data from human diseases or dysfunctions identified 19 genes whose mutation was associated with human BMD: 9 genes each for human height and osteoporosis; 4 genes each for human osteoarthritis (OA) and fracture risk; and 2 genes each for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), periodontitis, osteosarcoma growth, and tooth development. Reports from gene knockout animals found 40 GPCRs whose deficiency reduced bone mass, while deficiency of 22 GPCRs increased bone mass and BMD; deficiency of 8 GPCRs reduced body length, while 5 mice had reduced femur size upon GPCR deletion. Furthermore, deficiency in 6 GPCRs induced osteoporosis; 4 induced osteoarthritis; 3 delayed fracture healing; 3 reduced arthritis severity; and reduced bone strength, increased bone strength, and increased cortical thickness were each observed in 2 GPCR-deficiency models. The ever-expanding number of GPCR mutation-associated diseases warrants accelerated molecular analysis, population studies, and investigation of phenotype correlation with SNPs to elucidate GPCR function in human diseases.
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32
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Caramori G, Ruggeri P, Arpinelli F, Salvi L, Girbino G. Long-term use of inhaled glucocorticoids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and risk of bone fractures: a narrative review of the literature. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:1085-1097. [PMID: 31190791 PMCID: PMC6536120 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s190215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) demonstrate a greater osteoporosis prevalence than the general population. This osteoporosis risk may be enhanced by treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), which are recommended for COPD management when combined with long-acting bronchodilators, but may also be associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). We conducted a narrative literature review reporting results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of an ICS versus placebo over a treatment period of at least 12 months, with the aim of providing further insight into the link between bone fractures and ICS therapy. As of 16 October 2017, we identified 17 RCTs for inclusion. The ICSs studied were budesonide (six studies), fluticasone propionate (five studies), mometasone furoate (three studies), beclomethasone dipropionate, triamcinolone acetonide, and fluticasone furoate (one each). We found no difference in the number of bone fractures among patients receiving ICSs versus placebo across the six identified RCTs reporting fracture data. BMD data were available for subsets of patients in few studies, and baseline BMD data were rare; where these data were given, they were reported for treatment groups without stratification for factors known to affect BMD. Risk factors for reduced BMD and fractures, such as smoking and physical activity, were also often not reported. Furthermore, a standardized definition of the term "fracture" was not employed across these studies. The exact relationship between long-term ICS use and bone fracture incidence in patients with stable COPD remains unclear in light of our review. We have, however, identified several limiting factors in existing studies that may form the basis of future RCTs designed specifically to explore this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Caramori
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Girbino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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33
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García-García A, Korn C, García-Fernández M, Domingues O, Villadiego J, Martín-Pérez D, Isern J, Bejarano-García JA, Zimmer J, Pérez-Simón JA, Toledo-Aral JJ, Michel T, Airaksinen MS, Méndez-Ferrer S. Dual cholinergic signals regulate daily migration of hematopoietic stem cells and leukocytes. Blood 2019; 133:224-236. [PMID: 30361261 PMCID: PMC6449569 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-867648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and leukocytes circulate between the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood following circadian oscillations. Autonomic sympathetic noradrenergic signals have been shown to regulate HSPC and leukocyte trafficking, but the role of the cholinergic branch has remained unexplored. We have investigated the role of the cholinergic nervous system in the regulation of day/night traffic of HSPCs and leukocytes in mice. We show here that the autonomic cholinergic nervous system (including parasympathetic and sympathetic) dually regulates daily migration of HSPCs and leukocytes. At night, central parasympathetic cholinergic signals dampen sympathetic noradrenergic tone and decrease BM egress of HSPCs and leukocytes. However, during the daytime, derepressed sympathetic noradrenergic activity causes predominant BM egress of HSPCs and leukocytes via β3-adrenergic receptor. This egress is locally supported by light-triggered sympathetic cholinergic activity, which inhibits BM vascular cell adhesion and homing. In summary, central (parasympathetic) and local (sympathetic) cholinergic signals regulate day/night oscillations of circulating HSPCs and leukocytes. This study shows how both branches of the autonomic nervous system cooperate to orchestrate daily traffic of HSPCs and leukocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/physiology
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis
- Cholinergic Agents/pharmacology
- Circadian Rhythm
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Female
- Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors/physiology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Leukocytes/cytology
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/physiology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés García-García
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Korn
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - María García-Fernández
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Domingues
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Javier Villadiego
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; and
| | | | - Joan Isern
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Bejarano-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - José A Pérez-Simón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and
| | - Juan J Toledo-Aral
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; and
| | - Tatiana Michel
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Matti S Airaksinen
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
It is from the discovery of leptin and the central nervous system as a regulator of bone remodeling that the presence of autonomic nerves within the skeleton transitioned from a mere histological observation to the mechanism whereby neurons of the central nervous system communicate with cells of the bone microenvironment and regulate bone homeostasis. This shift in paradigm sparked new preclinical and clinical investigations aimed at defining the contribution of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves to the process of bone development, bone mass accrual, bone remodeling, and cancer metastasis. The aim of this article is to review the data that led to the current understanding of the interactions between the autonomic and skeletal systems and to present a critical appraisal of the literature, bringing forth a schema that can put into physiological and clinical context the main genetic and pharmacological observations pointing to the existence of an autonomic control of skeletal homeostasis. The different types of nerves found in the skeleton, their functional interactions with bone cells, their impact on bone development, bone mass accrual and remodeling, and the possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Skeletal Medicine and Biology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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35
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Effects of a Pasty Bone Cement Containing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Functionalized Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Particles on Metaphyseal Healing in a New Murine Osteoporotic Fracture Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113531. [PMID: 30423942 PMCID: PMC6274902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new and better implant materials adapted to osteoporotic bone is still urgently required. Therefore, osteoporotic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (M3 mAChR) knockout (KO) and corresponding wild type (WT) mice underwent osteotomy in the distal femoral metaphysis. Fracture gaps were filled with a pasty α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP)-based hydroxyapatite (HA)-forming bone cement containing mesoporous bioactive CaP-SiO₂ glass particles (cement/MBG composite) with or without Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and healing analyzed after 35 days. Histologically, bone formation was significantly increased in WT mice that received the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite compared to control WT mice without BDNF. Cement/MBG composite without BDNF increased bone formation in M3 mAChR KO mice compared to equally treated WT mice. Mass spectrometric imaging showed that the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite implanted in M3 mAChR KO mice was infiltrated by newly formed tissue. Leukocyte numbers were significantly lower in M3 mAChR KO mice treated with BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite compared to controls without BDNF. C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were significantly lower in M3 mAChR KO mice that received the cement/MBG composite without BDNF when compared to WT mice treated the same. Whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations in callus were significantly increased in M3 mAChR KO mice, ALP activity was significantly higher in WT mice. Due to a stronger effect of BDNF in non osteoporotic mice, higher BDNF concentrations might be needed for osteoporotic fracture healing. Nevertheless, the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite promoted fracture healing in non osteoporotic bone.
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36
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Abstract
Bones provide both skeletal scaffolding and space for hematopoiesis in its marrow. Previous work has shown that these functions were tightly regulated by the nervous system. The central and peripheral nervous systems tightly regulate compact bone remodeling, its metabolism, and hematopoietic homeostasis in the bone marrow (BM). Accumulating evidence indicates that the nervous system, which fine-tunes inflammatory responses and alterations in neural functions, may regulate autoimmune diseases. Neural signals also influence the progression of hematological malignancies such as acute and chronic myeloid leukemias. Here, we review the interplay of the nervous system with bone, BM, and immunity, and discuss future challenges to target hematological diseases through modulation of activity of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maryanovich
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Shoichiro Takeishi
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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37
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Dengler-Crish CM, Ball HC, Lin L, Novak KM, Cooper LN. Evidence of Wnt/β-catenin alterations in brain and bone of a tauopathy mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 67:148-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Tamimi I, Nicolau B, Eimar H, Arekunnath Madathil S, Kezouh A, Karp I, Tamimi F. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the risk of osteoporotic fractures: nested case-control study. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:849-857. [PMID: 29264626 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) on the risk of osteoporotic fractures in Alzheimer patients. A nested case-control study was conducted on 1190 cases and 4760 controls. The use of AChEIs was found to decrease the risk of osteoporotic fractures in these patients. INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to estimate the extent to which the use of AChEIs is associated with a reduction in the risk of osteoporotic fractures. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database (1998-2013). The study cohort consisted of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients aged ≥ 65 years with no previous history of osteoporotic fractures at cohort baseline. Cases were individuals who suffered an osteoporotic fracture during the study period, whereas controls were subject who did not experience any osteoporotic fractures during the same period. Controls were drawn from the population time at risk while being matched to the cases in respect to age, sex, up-to-standard follow-up in the CPRD, calendar time, and duration of AD (control-to-case ratio: 4-to-1). Information on the use of AChEIs and the relevant potential confounders was ascertained from the CPRD database for all the cases and controls. RESULTS We identified 1190 cases and 4760 controls. Compared to non-users, any use of AChEIs prior to the fracture was associated with a reduction in the fracture risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.80 (confidence interval (CI) 95%, 0.70-0.91)]. The use of AChEIs corresponding to a proportion of days covered of 0.8-1.0 was associated with a lower osteoporotic fracture risk compared to non-use [adjusted OR 0.76 (CI 95%, 0.66-0.87)]. CONCLUSIONS In this study using large primary care databases, the use and treatment adherence to AChEIs were associated with a decreased risk of osteoporotic fractures in elderly AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tamimi
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Avenida Carlos Haya SN, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - B Nicolau
- Division of Oral Health and Society Research, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - H Eimar
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 2J2.00 WC Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre 8440 112 St. NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - S Arekunnath Madathil
- Division of Oral Health and Society Research, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - A Kezouh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - I Karp
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kresge Building K214, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - F Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B2, Canada.
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39
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a large family of receptors that activate intracellular signaling pathways upon detecting specific extracellular ligands. While many aspects of GPCR signaling have been uncovered through decades of studies, some fundamental properties, like its channel capacity—a measure of how much information a given transmission system can reliably transduce—are still debated. Previous studies concluded that GPCRs in individual cells could transmit around one bit of information about the concentration of the ligands, allowing only for a reliable on or off response. Using muscarinic receptor-induced calcium response measured in individual cells upon repeated stimulation, we show that GPCR signaling systems possess a significantly higher capacity. We estimate the channel capacity of this system to be above two, implying that at least four concentration levels of the agonist can be distinguished reliably. These findings shed light on the basic principles of GPCR signaling. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate intracellular signalling pathways upon extracellular stimulation. Here authors record single cell responses of GPCR signalling which allows the direct estimation of its channel capacity for each cell along with the reproducibility of its response.
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40
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Dengler-Crish CM, Smith MA, Wilson GN. Early Evidence of Low Bone Density and Decreased Serotonergic Synthesis in the Dorsal Raphe of a Tauopathy Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:1605-1619. [PMID: 27814296 PMCID: PMC5181667 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and its clinical sequelae, osteoporosis, occur at a much greater rate in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), often emerging early in the disease before significant cognitive decline is seen. Reduced BMD translates to increased bone fracture risk, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality for AD patients. However, the mechanism responsible for this observation is unclear. We hypothesize that bone loss is an additional component of an AD prodrome-changes that emerge prior to dementia and are mediated by dysfunction of the central serotonergic pathways. We characterized the skeletal phenotype of htau mice that express human forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau that become pathologically hyperphosphorylated in AD. Using radiographic densitometry, we measured BMD in female and male htau mice from 2–6 months of age–time-points prior to the presence of significant tauopathy in the hippocampal/entorhinal regions characteristic of this model. We found a significantly reduced BMD phenotype in htau mice that was most pronounced in males. Using western blotting and immunofluorescence, we showed overall reduced tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) protein in htau brainstem and a 70% reduction in TPH-positive cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)–a pivotal structure in the regulation of the adult skeleton. Elevations of hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau) proteins were also measured in brainstem, and co-labeled immunofluorescence studies showed presence of ptau in TPH-positive cells of the DRN as early as 4 months of age in htau mice. Together, these findings demonstrate that reduced BMD occurs earlier than overt degeneration in a tau-based AD model and that pathological changes in tau phosphorylation occur in the serotonin-producing neurons of the brainstem raphe in these mice. This illuminates a need to define a mechanistic relationship between bone loss and serotonergic deficits in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew A Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Integrated Pharmaceutical Medicine Program, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Gina N Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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41
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Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction: Link Between Multiple Sclerosis Osteoporosis and Neurodegeneration. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:37-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Marie PJ, Cohen-Solal M. The Expanding Life and Functions of Osteogenic Cells: From Simple Bone-Making Cells to Multifunctional Cells and Beyond. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:199-210. [PMID: 29206311 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During the last three decades, important progress in bone cell biology and in human and mouse genetics led to major advances in our understanding of the life and functions of cells of the osteoblast lineage. Previously unrecognized sources of osteogenic cells have been identified. Novel cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling osteoblast differentiation and senescence have been determined. New mechanisms of communications between osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes, as well as novel links between osteogenic cells and blood vessels have been identified. Additionally, cells of the osteoblast lineage were shown to be important components of the hematopoietic niche and to be implicated in hematologic dysfunctions and malignancy. Lastly, unexpected interactions were found between osteogenic cells and several soft tissues, including the central nervous system, gut, muscle, fat, and testis through the release of paracrine factors, making osteogenic cells multifunctional regulatory cells, in addition to their bone-making function. These discoveries considerably enlarged our vision of the life and functions of osteogenic cells, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutics with immediate applications in bone disorders. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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43
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Courties A, Sellam J, Berenbaum F. Role of the autonomic nervous system in osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:661-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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44
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Thomsen M, Sørensen G, Dencker D. Physiological roles of CNS muscarinic receptors gained from knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:411-420. [PMID: 28911965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Because the five muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes have overlapping distributions in many CNS tissues, and because ligands with a high degree of selectivity for a given subtype long remained elusive, it has been difficult to determine the physiological functions of each receptor. Genetically engineered knockout mice, in which one or more muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype has been inactivated, have been instrumental in identifying muscarinic receptor functions in the CNS, at the neuronal, circuit, and behavioral level. These studies revealed important functions of muscarinic receptors modulating neuronal activity and neurotransmitter release in many brain regions, shaping neuronal plasticity, and affecting functions ranging from motor and sensory function to cognitive processes. As gene targeting technology evolves including the use of conditional, cell type specific strains, knockout mice are likely to continue to provide valuable insights into brain physiology and pathophysiology, and advance the development of new medications for a range of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and addictions, as well as non-opioid analgesics. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neuropharmacology on Muscarinic Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Gunnar Sørensen
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ditte Dencker
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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45
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Tamimi I, Madathil S, Kezouh A, Nicolau B, Karp I, Tamimi F. Effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on post-surgical complications and mortality following a hip fracture: a cohort study. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2017; 17:69-77. [PMID: 28574413 PMCID: PMC5492321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting that the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may have beneficial effects on bone. Data on the potential post-surgical effects of these medications on orthopedic interventions are very limited. This study was designed to determine whether the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is associated with a decrease in post-surgical mortality and complications in hip fracture patients with Alzheimer's disease. To accomplish this objective, a retrospective cohort study was performed using data from the Clinical Practice Research Database, UK. The study included 532 Alzheimer's disease patients of age 65 years and older, who sustained a hip fracture between 1998 and 2012. During the follow-up period, 34% of the patients died (n=182), 22% sustained a second hip fracture (n=118) and 5% (n=29) required reintervention. The users of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors had a 56% reduction in all-cause mortality (HR= 0.44, 95% CI 0.30-0.63) and a 41% reduction in second hip fracture incidence during a year of post-surgical follow-up (HR= 0.59, 95% CI 0.38-0.94) after adjusting for potential confounders. Our results show that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may have the potential to reduce all-cause mortality and the risk of suffering a second hip fracture during the first year after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Canada, H3A 2B2
| | - S.A. Madathil
- Division of Oral Health and Society Research, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Canada, H3A 1G1
| | - A. Kezouh
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Canada, H3T 1E2
| | - B. Nicolau
- Division of Oral Health and Society Research, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Canada, H3A 1G1
| | - I. Karp
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kersge Building K214, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - F. Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Canada, H3A 2B2,Corresponding author: Dr. Faleh Tamimi, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Canada, H3A 2B2. E-mail:
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46
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Dimitri P, Rosen C. The Central Nervous System and Bone Metabolism: An Evolving Story. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:476-485. [PMID: 27501818 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the control of skeletal metabolism has undergone a dynamic shift in the last two decades, primarily driven by our understanding of energy metabolism. Evidence demonstrating that leptin not only influences bone cells directly, but that it also plays a pivotal role in controlling bone mass centrally, opened up an investigative process that has changed the way in which skeletal metabolism is now perceived. Other central regulators of bone metabolism have since been identified including neuropeptide Y (NPY), serotonin, endocannabinoids, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), adiponectin, melatonin and neuromedin U, controlling osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, proliferation and function. The sympathetic nervous system was originally identified as the predominant efferent pathway mediating central signalling to control skeleton metabolism, in part regulated through circadian genes. More recent evidence points to a role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the control of skeletal metabolism either through muscarinic influence of sympathetic nerves in the brain or directly via nicotinic receptors on osteoclasts, thus providing evidence for broader autonomic skeletal regulation. Sensory innervation of bone has also received focus again widening our understanding of the complex neuronal regulation of bone mass. Whilst scientific advance in this field of bone metabolism has been rapid, progress is still required to understand how these model systems work in relation to the multiple confounders influencing skeletal metabolism, and the relative balance in these neuronal systems required for skeletal growth and development in childhood and maintaining skeletal integrity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dimitri
- The Academic Unit of Child Health, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Cliff Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
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47
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Rousseaud A, Moriceau S, Ramos-Brossier M, Oury F. Bone-brain crosstalk and potential associated diseases. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 28:69-83. [PMID: 27626767 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal relationships between organs are essential to maintain whole body homeostasis. An exciting interplay between two apparently unrelated organs, the bone and the brain, has emerged recently. Indeed, it is now well established that the brain is a powerful regulator of skeletal homeostasis via a complex network of numerous players and pathways. In turn, bone via a bone-derived molecule, osteocalcin, appears as an important factor influencing the central nervous system by regulating brain development and several cognitive functions. In this paper we will discuss this complex and intimate relationship, as well as several pathologic conditions that may reinforce their potential interdependence.
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48
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Laurent MR, Dubois V, Claessens F, Verschueren SMP, Vanderschueren D, Gielen E, Jardí F. Muscle-bone interactions: From experimental models to the clinic? A critical update. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 432:14-36. [PMID: 26506009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a biomechanical tissue shaped by forces from muscles and gravitation. Simultaneous bone and muscle decay and dysfunction (osteosarcopenia or sarco-osteoporosis) is seen in ageing, numerous clinical situations including after stroke or paralysis, in neuromuscular dystrophies, glucocorticoid excess, or in association with vitamin D, growth hormone/insulin like growth factor or sex steroid deficiency, as well as in spaceflight. Physical exercise may be beneficial in these situations, but further work is still needed to translate acceptable and effective biomechanical interventions like vibration therapy from animal models to humans. Novel antiresorptive and anabolic therapies are emerging for osteoporosis as well as drugs for sarcopenia, cancer cachexia or muscle wasting disorders, including antibodies against myostatin or activin receptor type IIA and IIB (e.g. bimagrumab). Ideally, increasing muscle mass would increase muscle strength and restore bone loss from disuse. However, the classical view that muscle is unidirectionally dominant over bone via mechanical loading is overly simplistic. Indeed, recent studies indicate a role for neuronal regulation of not only muscle but also bone metabolism, bone signaling pathways like receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) implicated in muscle biology, myokines affecting bone and possible bone-to-muscle communication. Moreover, pharmacological strategies inducing isolated myocyte hypertrophy may not translate into increased muscle power because tendons, connective tissue, neurons and energy metabolism need to adapt as well. We aim here to critically review key musculoskeletal molecular pathways involved in mechanoregulation and their effect on the bone-muscle unit as a whole, as well as preclinical and emerging clinical evidence regarding the effects of sarcopenia therapies on osteoporosis and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël R Laurent
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine M P Verschueren
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Science, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ferran Jardí
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Eimar H, Alebrahim S, Manickam G, Al-Subaie A, Abu-Nada L, Murshed M, Tamimi F. Donepezil regulates energy metabolism and favors bone mass accrual. Bone 2016; 84:131-138. [PMID: 26719214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The autonomous nervous system regulates bone mass through the sympathetic and parasympathetic arms. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) favors bone loss whereas the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) promotes bone mass accrual. Donepezil, a central-acting cholinergic agonist, has been shown to down-regulate SNS and up-regulate PNS signaling tones. Accordingly, we hypothesize that the use of donepezil could have beneficial effects in regulating bone mass. To test our hypothesis, two groups of healthy female mice were treated either with donepezil or saline. Differences in body metabolism and bone mass of the treated groups were compared. Body and visceral fat weights as well as serum leptin level were increased in donepezil-treated mice compared to control, suggesting that donepezil effects on SNS influenced metabolic activity. Donepezil-treated mice had better bone quality than controls due to a decrease in osteoclasts number. These results indicate that donepezil is able to affect whole body energy metabolism and favors bone mass in young female WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Eimar
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Sharifa Alebrahim
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Garthiga Manickam
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al-Subaie
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Lina Abu-Nada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada; Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A6, Canada.
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada.
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Beckmann J, Dittmann N, Schütz I, Klein J, Lips KS. Effect of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor deficiency on collagen antibody-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:17. [PMID: 26785775 PMCID: PMC4719200 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that the non-neuronal cholinergic system might be of importance for the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis. The role of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) in this regard has, however, not been investigated to date. Thus, in the present study we analyzed if M3R deficiency might have a protective effect on experimentally induced arthritis. METHODS Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was evoked in M3R-deficient (M3R(-/-)) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. Severity of arthritis was assessed by scoring of paw swelling. The joints of arthritic and nonarthritic animals were analyzed for histopathological changes regarding synovial tissue, cartilage degradation and bone destruction. Further, gene expression analysis of respective markers was performed. Systemic and local inflammatory response was determined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry for leukocytes as well as mRNA and protein measurements for pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. RESULTS In arthritic M3R(-/-) mice the number of leukocytes, specifically neutrophils, was enhanced even though clinical arthritis score was not significantly different between WT and M3R(-/-) mice with CAIA. In M3R(-/-) mice, levels of neutrophil chemoattractant chemokine C-X-C-motif ligand 2 (CXCL2) as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 were already strongly increased in mice with low arthritis score, whereas WT mice only showed prominent expression of these markers when reaching high arthritis scores. Furthermore, arthritic M3R(-/-) mice displayed a stronger degradation of collagen II in the articular cartilage and, most strikingly, histopathological evaluation revealed more severe bone destruction in arthritic mice with M3R deficiency compared to WT littermates. Moreover, in M3R(-/-) mice, gene expression of markers for bone degradation (matrix metalloproteinase 13, cathepsin K and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand) was already increased in mice with low arthritis score. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present study shows that while M3R(-/-) mice were not protected from CAIA, they had a tendency toward a higher inflammatory response after arthritis induction than WT mice. Further, arthritis-induced joint destruction was significantly stronger in mice with M3R deficiency, indicating that stimulation of M3R might have protective effects on arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Beckmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstrasse 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Nicole Dittmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstrasse 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Iris Schütz
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstrasse 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Katrin Susanne Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstrasse 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
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