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Vecellio Reane D, Serna JDC, Raffaello A. Unravelling the complexity of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter: regulation, tissue specificity, and physiological implications. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102907. [PMID: 38788256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling acts a pleiotropic message within the cell that is decoded by the mitochondria through a sophisticated ion channel known as the Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) complex. Under physiological conditions, mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling is crucial for coordinating cell activation with energy production. Conversely, in pathological scenarios, it can determine the fine balance between cell survival and death. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular bases of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling. This began with the elucidation of the MCU channel components and extended to the elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate its activity. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests molecular mechanisms allowing tissue-specific modulation of the MCU complex, tailoring channel activity to the specific needs of different tissues or cell types. This review aims to explore the latest evidence elucidating the regulation of the MCU complex, the molecular factors controlling the tissue-specific properties of the channel, and the physiological and pathological implications of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vecellio Reane
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Germany.
| | - Julian D C Serna
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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2
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Zarges C, Riemer J. Oxidative protein folding in the intermembrane space of human mitochondria. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 38867508 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial intermembrane space hosts a machinery for oxidative protein folding, the mitochondrial disulfide relay. This machinery imports a large number of soluble proteins into the compartment, where they are retained through oxidative folding. Additionally, the disulfide relay enhances the stability of many proteins by forming disulfide bonds. In this review, we describe the mitochondrial disulfide relay in human cells, its components, and their coordinated collaboration in mechanistic detail. We also discuss the human pathologies associated with defects in this machinery and its protein substrates, providing a comprehensive overview of its biological importance and implications for health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Riemer
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
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3
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von Känel C, Oeljeklaus S, Wenger C, Stettler P, Harsman A, Warscheid B, Schneider A. Intermembrane space-localized TbTim15 is an essential subunit of the single mitochondrial inner membrane protein translocase of trypanosomes. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:1112-1126. [PMID: 38622999 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
All mitochondria import >95% of their proteins from the cytosol. This process is mediated by protein translocases in the mitochondrial membranes, whose subunits are generally highly conserved. Most eukaryotes have two inner membrane protein translocases (TIMs) that are specialized to import either presequence-containing or mitochondrial carrier proteins. In contrast, the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei has a single TIM complex consisting of one conserved and five unique subunits. Here, we identify candidates for new subunits of the TIM or the presequence translocase-associated motor (PAM) using a protein-protein interaction network of previously characterized TIM and PAM subunits. This analysis reveals that the trypanosomal TIM complex contains an additional trypanosomatid-specific subunit, designated TbTim15. TbTim15 is associated with the TIM complex, lacks transmembrane domains, and localizes to the intermembrane space. TbTim15 is essential for procyclic and bloodstream forms of trypanosomes. It contains two twin CX9C motifs and mediates import of both presequence-containing and mitochondrial carrier proteins. While the precise function of TbTim15 in mitochondrial protein import is unknown, our results are consistent with the notion that it may function as an import receptor for the non-canonical trypanosomal TIM complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne von Känel
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip Stettler
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anke Harsman
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Fagnani E, Cocomazzi P, Pellegrino S, Tedeschi G, Scalvini FG, Cossu F, Da Vela S, Aliverti A, Mastrangelo E, Milani M. CHCHD4 binding affects the active site of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF): Structural determinants for allosteric regulation. Structure 2024; 32:594-602.e4. [PMID: 38460521 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), which is confined to mitochondria of normal healthy cells, is the first identified caspase-independent cell death effector. Moreover, AIF is required for the optimal functioning of the respiratory chain machinery. Recent findings have revealed that AIF fulfills its pro-survival function by interacting with CHCHD4, a soluble mitochondrial protein which promotes the entrance and the oxidative folding of different proteins in the inner membrane space. Here, we report the crystal structure of the ternary complex involving the N-terminal 27-mer peptide of CHCHD4, NAD+, and AIF harboring its FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) prosthetic group in oxidized form. Combining this information with biophysical and biochemical data on the CHCHD4/AIF complex, we provide a detailed structural description of the interaction between the two proteins, validated by both chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry analysis and site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fagnani
- Biophysics Institute, CNR-IBF, Via Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Cocomazzi
- Biophysics Institute, CNR-IBF, Via Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Cimaina, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Grassi Scalvini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Federica Cossu
- Biophysics Institute, CNR-IBF, Via Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Da Vela
- Hochschule Bremerhaven, Karlstadt 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Alessandro Aliverti
- Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- Biophysics Institute, CNR-IBF, Via Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Milani
- Biophysics Institute, CNR-IBF, Via Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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5
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Marmolejo-Garza A, Krabbendam IE, Luu MDA, Brouwer F, Trombetta-Lima M, Unal O, O'Connor SJ, Majerníková N, Elzinga CRS, Mammucari C, Schmidt M, Madesh M, Boddeke E, Dolga AM. Negative modulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex protects neurons against ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:772. [PMID: 38007529 PMCID: PMC10676387 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent form of regulated cell death, that has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter could lead to mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) overload, increased mitochondrial ROS production, disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and ferroptotic cell death. The observation that mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic of ferroptosis makes preservation of mitochondrial function a potential therapeutic option for diseases associated with ferroptotic cell death. Mitochondrial calcium levels are controlled via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), the main entry point of Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix. Therefore, we have hypothesized that negative modulation of MCU complex may confer protection against ferroptosis. Here we evaluated whether the known negative modulators of MCU complex, ruthenium red (RR), its derivative Ru265, mitoxantrone (MX), and MCU-i4 can prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptotic cell death. These compounds mediated protection in HT22 cells, in human dopaminergic neurons and mouse primary cortical neurons against ferroptotic cell death. Depletion of MICU1, a [Ca2+]m gatekeeper, demonstrated that MICU is protective against ferroptosis. Taken together, our results reveal that negative modulation of MCU complex represents a therapeutic option to prevent degenerative conditions, in which ferroptosis is central to the progression of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Marmolejo-Garza
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge E Krabbendam
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Minh Danh Anh Luu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Famke Brouwer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Trombetta-Lima
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Osman Unal
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shane J O'Connor
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Naďa Majerníková
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina R S Elzinga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Mammucari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Erik Boddeke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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6
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Zannini F, Herrmann JM, Couturier J, Rouhier N. Oxidation of Arabidopsis thaliana COX19 Using the Combined Action of ERV1 and Glutathione. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1949. [PMID: 38001802 PMCID: PMC10669224 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein import and oxidative folding within the intermembrane space (IMS) of mitochondria relies on the MIA40-ERV1 couple. The MIA40 oxidoreductase usually performs substrate recognition and oxidation and is then regenerated by the FAD-dependent oxidase ERV1. In most eukaryotes, both proteins are essential; however, MIA40 is dispensable in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous complementation experiments have studied yeast mia40 mutants expressing a redox inactive, but import-competent versions of yeast Mia40 using A. thaliana ERV1 (AtERV1) suggest that AtERV1 catalyzes the oxidation of MIA40 substrates. We assessed the ability of both yeast and Arabidopsis MIA40 and ERV1 recombinant proteins to oxidize the apo-cytochrome reductase CCMH and the cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX19, a typical MIA40 substrate, in the presence or absence of glutathione, using in vitro cysteine alkylation and cytochrome c reduction assays. The presence of glutathione used at a physiological concentration and redox potential was sufficient to support the oxidation of COX19 by AtERV1, providing a likely explanation for why MIA40 is not essential for the import and oxidative folding of IMS-located proteins in Arabidopsis. The results point to fundamental biochemical differences between Arabidopsis and yeast ERV1 in catalyzing protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Zannini
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (F.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Johannes M. Herrmann
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, RPTU, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Jérémy Couturier
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (F.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Nicolas Rouhier
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (F.Z.); (J.C.)
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7
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Dridi H, Santulli G, Bahlouli L, Miotto MC, Weninger G, Marks AR. Mitochondrial Calcium Overload Plays a Causal Role in Oxidative Stress in the Failing Heart. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1409. [PMID: 37759809 PMCID: PMC10527470 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious global health challenge, affecting more than 6.2 million people in the United States and is projected to reach over 8 million by 2030. Independent of etiology, failing hearts share common features, including defective calcium (Ca2+) handling, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and oxidative stress. In cardiomyocytes, Ca2+ not only regulates excitation-contraction coupling, but also mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress signaling, thereby controlling the function and actual destiny of the cell. Understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of increased mitochondrial Ca2+ influx is an ongoing challenge in order to identify novel therapeutic targets to alleviate the burden of heart failure. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying altered mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in heart failure and the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Laith Bahlouli
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Marco C. Miotto
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gunnar Weninger
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Andrew R. Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
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8
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Anderson AJ, Crameri JJ, Ang C, Malcolm TR, Kang Y, Baker MJ, Palmer CS, Sharpe AJ, Formosa LE, Ganio K, Baker MJ, McDevitt CA, Ryan MT, Maher MJ, Stojanovski D. Human Tim8a, Tim8b and Tim13 are auxiliary assembly factors of mature Complex IV. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56430. [PMID: 37272231 PMCID: PMC10398661 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Tim8a and Tim8b are paralogous intermembrane space proteins of the small TIM chaperone family. Yeast small TIMs function in the trafficking of proteins to the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. This putative import function for hTim8a and hTim8b has been challenged in human models, but their precise molecular function(s) remains undefined. Likewise, the necessity for human cells to encode two Tim8 proteins and whether any potential redundancy exists is unclear. We demonstrate that hTim8a and hTim8b function in the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV). Using affinity enrichment mass spectrometry, we define the interaction network of hTim8a, hTim8b and hTim13, identifying subunits and assembly factors of the Complex IV COX2 module. hTim8-deficient cells have a COX2 and COX3 module defect and exhibit an accumulation of the Complex IV S2 subcomplex. These data suggest that hTim8a and hTim8b function in assembly of Complex IV via interactions with intermediate-assembly subcomplexes. We propose that hTim8-hTim13 complexes are auxiliary assembly factors involved in the formation of the Complex IV S3 subcomplex during assembly of mature Complex IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Jordan J Crameri
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Ching‐Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Tess R Malcolm
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Megan J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Alice J Sharpe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVicAustralia
| | - Luke E Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVicAustralia
| | - Katherine Ganio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Michael J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVicAustralia
| | - Megan J Maher
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVicAustralia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
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9
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Wang Y, Zeng Z, Zeng Z, Chu G, Shan X. Elevated CHCHD4 orchestrates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to disturb hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. J Transl Med 2023; 21:464. [PMID: 37438854 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a highly prevalent cardiopulmonary disorder characterized by vascular remodeling and increased resistance in pulmonary artery. Mitochondrial coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain (CHCHD)-containing proteins have various important pathophysiological roles. However, the functional roles of CHCHD proteins in hypoxic PAH is still ambiguous. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of CHCHD4 in hypoxic PAH and provide new insight into the mechanism driving the development of PAH. METHODS Serotype 1 adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) carrying Chchd4 was intratracheally injected to overexpress CHCHD4 in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The Normoxia groups of animals were housed at 21% O2. Hypoxia groups were housed at 10% O2, for 8 h/day for 4 consecutive weeks. Hemodynamic and histological characteristics are investigated in PAH. Primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of rats (PASMCs) are used to assess how CHCHD4 affects proliferation and migration. RESULTS We found CHCHD4 was significantly downregulated among CHCHD proteins in hypoxic PASMCs and lung tissues from hypoxic PAH rats. AAV1-induced CHCHD4 elevation conspicuously alleviates vascular remodeling and pulmonary artery resistance, and orchestrates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in PASMCs. Moreover, we found overexpression of CHCHD4 impeded proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Mechanistically, through lung tissues bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we further identified CHCHD4 modulated mitochondrial dynamics by directly interacting with SAM50, a barrel protein on mitochondrial outer membrane surface. Furthermore, knockdown of SAM50 reversed the biological effects of CHCHD4 overexpression in isolated PASMCs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrated that CHCHD4 elevation orchestrates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and antagonizes aberrant PASMC cell growth and migration, thereby disturbing hypoxic PAH, which could serve as a promising therapeutic target for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinghua Shan
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Peker E, Weiss K, Song J, Zarges C, Gerlich S, Boehm V, Trifunovic A, Langer T, Gehring NH, Becker T, Riemer J. A two-step mitochondrial import pathway couples the disulfide relay with matrix complex I biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202210019. [PMID: 37159021 PMCID: PMC10174193 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202210019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria critically rely on protein import and its tight regulation. Here, we found that the complex I assembly factor NDUFAF8 follows a two-step import pathway linking IMS and matrix import systems. A weak targeting sequence drives TIM23-dependent NDUFAF8 matrix import, and en route, allows exposure to the IMS disulfide relay, which oxidizes NDUFAF8. Import is closely surveyed by proteases: YME1L prevents accumulation of excess NDUFAF8 in the IMS, while CLPP degrades reduced NDUFAF8 in the matrix. Therefore, NDUFAF8 can only fulfil its function in complex I biogenesis if both oxidation in the IMS and subsequent matrix import work efficiently. We propose that the two-step import pathway for NDUFAF8 allows integration of the activity of matrix complex I biogenesis pathways with the activity of the mitochondrial disulfide relay system in the IMS. Such coordination might not be limited to NDUFAF8 as we identified further proteins that can follow such a two-step import pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Peker
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konstantin Weiss
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jiyao Song
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Zarges
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Gerlich
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Boehm
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Mitochondrial Proteostasis, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niels H. Gehring
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Qiu Y, Wang H, Fan M, Pan H, Guan J, Jiang Y, Jia Z, Wu K, Zhou H, Zhuang Q, Lei Z, Ding X, Cai H, Dong Y, Yan L, Lin A, Fu Y, Zhang D, Yan Q, Wang Q. Impaired AIF-CHCHD4 interaction and mitochondrial calcium overload contribute to auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in patient-iPSC-derived neurons with AIFM1 variant. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:375. [PMID: 37365177 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a hearing impairment caused by dysfunction of inner hair cells, ribbon synapses, spiral ganglion neurons and/or the auditory nerve itself. Approximately 1/7000 newborns have abnormal auditory nerve function, accounting for 10%-14% of cases of permanent hearing loss in children. Although we previously identified the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant to be associated with ANSD, the mechanism by which ANSD is associated with AIFM1 is poorly understood. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via nucleofection with episomal plasmids. The patient-specific iPSCs were edited via CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate gene-corrected isogenic iPSCs. These iPSCs were further differentiated into neurons via neural stem cells (NSCs). The pathogenic mechanism was explored in these neurons. In patient cells (PBMCs, iPSCs, and neurons), the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant caused a novel splicing variant (c.1267-1305del), resulting in AIF p.R422Q and p.423-435del proteins, which impaired AIF dimerization. Such impaired AIF dimerization then weakened the interaction between AIF and coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4). On the one hand, the mitochondrial import of ETC complex subunits was inhibited, subsequently leading to an increased ADP/ATP ratio and elevated ROS levels. On the other hand, MICU1-MICU2 heterodimerization was impaired, leading to mCa2+ overload. Calpain was activated by mCa2+ and subsequently cleaved AIF for its translocation into the nucleus, ultimately resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis. Interestingly, correction of the AIFM1 variant significantly restored the structure and function of AIF, further improving the physiological state of patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons. This study demonstrates that the AIFM1 variant is one of the molecular bases of ANSD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially mCa2+ overload, plays a prominent role in ANSD associated with AIFM1. Our findings help elucidate the mechanism of ANSD and may lead to the provision of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mingjie Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Huaye Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yangwei Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zexiao Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Qianqian Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhaoying Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xue Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yufei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yong Fu
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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12
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Semenzato M, Kohr MJ, Quirin C, Menabò R, Alanova P, Alan L, Pellattiero A, Murphy E, Di Lisa F, Scorrano L. Oxidization of optic atrophy 1 cysteines occurs during heart ischemia-reperfusion and amplifies cell death by oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102755. [PMID: 37224696 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During cardiac ischemia-reperfusion, excess reactive oxygen species can damage mitochondrial, cellular and organ function. Here we show that cysteine oxidation of the mitochondrial protein Opa1 contributes to mitochondrial damage and cell death caused by oxidative stress. Oxy-proteomics of ischemic-reperfused hearts reveal oxidation of the C-terminal C786 of Opa1 and treatment of perfused mouse hearts, adult cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts with H2O2 leads to the formation of a reduction-sensitive ∼180 KDa Opa1 complex, distinct from the ∼270 KDa one antagonizing cristae remodeling. This Opa1 oxidation process is curtailed by mutation of C786 and of the other 3 Cys residues of its C-terminal domain (Opa1TetraCys). When reintroduced in Opa1-/- cells, Opa1TetraCys is not efficiently processed into short Opa1TetraCys and hence fails to fuse mitochondria. Unexpectedly, Opa1TetraCys restores mitochondrial ultrastructure in Opa1-/- cells and protects them from H2O2-induced mitochondrial depolarization, cristae remodeling, cytochrome c release and cell death. Thus, preventing the Opa1 oxidation occurring during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion reduces mitochondrial damage and cell death induced by oxidative stress independent of mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Semenzato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Mark J Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charlotte Quirin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Menabò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Petra Alanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Alan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Pellattiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
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13
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Walters GC, Usachev YM. Mitochondrial calcium cycling in neuronal function and neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1094356. [PMID: 36760367 PMCID: PMC9902777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1094356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for proper cellular function through their critical roles in ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, calcium (Ca2+) buffering, and apoptotic signaling. In neurons, Ca2+ buffering is particularly important as it helps to shape Ca2+ signals and to regulate numerous Ca2+-dependent functions including neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, gene expression, and neuronal toxicity. Over the past decade, identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and other molecular components of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport has provided insight into the roles that mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation plays in neuronal function in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the many roles of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms in normal neuronal function and highlight new insights into the Ca2+-dependent mechanisms that drive mitochondrial dysfunction in neurologic diseases including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also consider how targeting Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C. Walters
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yuriy M. Usachev
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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14
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Tsai CW, Rodriguez MX, Van Keuren AM, Phillips CB, Shushunov HM, Lee JE, Garcia AM, Ambardekar AV, Cleveland JC, Reisz JA, Proenza C, Chatfield KC, Tsai MF. Mechanisms and significance of tissue-specific MICU regulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3661-3676.e8. [PMID: 36206740 PMCID: PMC9557913 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, regulates oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Previous studies suggest that non-neuronal uniporters are exclusively regulated by a MICU1-MICU2 heterodimer. Here, we show that skeletal-muscle and kidney uniporters also complex with a MICU1-MICU1 homodimer and that human/mouse cardiac uniporters are largely devoid of MICUs. Cells employ protein-importation machineries to fine-tune the relative abundance of MICU1 homo- and heterodimers and utilize a conserved MICU intersubunit disulfide to protect properly assembled dimers from proteolysis by YME1L1. Using the MICU1 homodimer or removing MICU1 allows mitochondria to more readily take up Ca2+ so that cells can produce more ATP in response to intracellular Ca2+ transients. However, the trade-off is elevated ROS, impaired basal metabolism, and higher susceptibility to death. These results provide mechanistic insights into how tissues can manipulate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake properties to support their unique physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Madison X Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anna M Van Keuren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Charles B Phillips
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah M Shushunov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica E Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anastacia M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joseph C Cleveland
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ming-Feng Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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15
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Stejerean‐Todoran I, Zimmermann K, Gibhardt CS, Vultur A, Ickes C, Shannan B, Bonilla del Rio Z, Wölling A, Cappello S, Sung H, Shumanska M, Zhang X, Nanadikar M, Latif MU, Wittek A, Lange F, Waters A, Brafford P, Wilting J, Urlaub H, Katschinski DM, Rehling P, Lenz C, Jakobs S, Ellenrieder V, Roesch A, Schön MP, Herlyn M, Stanisz H, Bogeski I. MCU
controls melanoma progression through a redox‐controlled phenotype switch. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54746. [PMID: 36156348 PMCID: PMC9638851 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest of skin cancers and has a high tendency to metastasize to distant organs. Calcium and metabolic signals contribute to melanoma invasiveness; however, the underlying molecular details are elusive. The MCU complex is a major route for calcium into the mitochondrial matrix but whether MCU affects melanoma pathobiology was not understood. Here, we show that MCUA expression correlates with melanoma patient survival and is decreased in BRAF kinase inhibitor‐resistant melanomas. Knockdown (KD) of MCUA suppresses melanoma cell growth and stimulates migration and invasion. In melanoma xenografts, MCUA_KD reduces tumor volumes but promotes lung metastases. Proteomic analyses and protein microarrays identify pathways that link MCUA and melanoma cell phenotype and suggest a major role for redox regulation. Antioxidants enhance melanoma cell migration, while prooxidants diminish the MCUA_KD‐induced invasive phenotype. Furthermore, MCUA_KD increases melanoma cell resistance to immunotherapies and ferroptosis. Collectively, we demonstrate that MCUA controls melanoma aggressive behavior and therapeutic sensitivity. Manipulations of mitochondrial calcium and redox homeostasis, in combination with current therapies, should be considered in treating advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Stejerean‐Todoran
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Christine S Gibhardt
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Adina Vultur
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
- The Wistar Institute Melanoma Research Center Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Christian Ickes
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Batool Shannan
- The Wistar Institute Melanoma Research Center Philadelphia PA USA
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center University Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Zuriñe Bonilla del Rio
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Anna Wölling
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Sabrina Cappello
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Hsu‐Min Sung
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Magdalena Shumanska
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Xin Zhang
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Maithily Nanadikar
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Muhammad U Latif
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology University Medical Center Göttingen Gottingen Germany
| | - Anna Wittek
- Department of NanoBiophotonics Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Göttingen Germany
- Clinic of Neurology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Felix Lange
- Department of NanoBiophotonics Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Göttingen Germany
- Clinic of Neurology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Andrea Waters
- The Wistar Institute Melanoma Research Center Philadelphia PA USA
| | | | - Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Göttingen Germany
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Göttingen Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry University Medical Center Göttingen, GZMB Göttingen Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Göttingen Germany
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Göttingen Germany
- Clinic of Neurology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology University Medical Center Göttingen Gottingen Germany
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center University Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- The Wistar Institute Melanoma Research Center Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Hedwig Stanisz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
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16
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Wischhof L, Scifo E, Ehninger D, Bano D. AIFM1 beyond cell death: An overview of this OXPHOS-inducing factor in mitochondrial diseases. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104231. [PMID: 35994922 PMCID: PMC9420475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial intermembrane space flavoprotein with diverse functions in cellular physiology. In this regard, a large number of studies have elucidated AIF's participation to chromatin condensation during cell death in development, cancer, cardiovascular and brain disorders. However, the discovery of rare AIFM1 mutations in patients has shifted the interest of biomedical researchers towards AIF's contribution to pathogenic mechanisms underlying inherited AIFM1-linked metabolic diseases. The functional characterization of AIF binding partners has rapidly advanced our understanding of AIF biology within the mitochondria and beyond its widely reported role in cell death. At the present time, it is reasonable to assume that AIF contributes to cell survival by promoting biogenesis and maintenance of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. With this review, we aim to outline the current knowledge around the vital role of AIF by primarily focusing on currently reported human diseases that have been linked to AIFM1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Enzo Scifo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Sargsyan Y, Kalinowski J, Thoms S. Calcium in peroxisomes: An essential messenger in an essential cell organelle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:992235. [PMID: 36111338 PMCID: PMC9468670 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.992235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is a central signal transduction element in biology. Peroxisomes are essential cellular organelles, yet calcium handling in peroxisomes has been contentious. Recent advances show that peroxisomes are part of calcium homeostasis in cardiac myocytes and therefore may contribute to or even shape their calcium-dependent functionality. However, the mechanisms of calcium movement between peroxisomes and other cellular sites and their mediators remain elusive. Here, we review calcium handling in peroxisomes in concert with other organelles and summarize the most recent knowledge on peroxisomal involvement in calcium dynamics with a focus on mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Sargsyan
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medical School EWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kalinowski
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medical School EWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sven Thoms
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medical School EWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sven Thoms,
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18
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Salscheider SL, Gerlich S, Cabrera-Orefice A, Peker E, Rothemann RA, Murschall LM, Finger Y, Szczepanowska K, Ahmadi ZA, Guerrero-Castillo S, Erdogan A, Becker M, Ali M, Habich M, Petrungaro C, Burdina N, Schwarz G, Klußmann M, Neundorf I, Stroud DA, Ryan MT, Trifunovic A, Brandt U, Riemer J. AIFM1 is a component of the mitochondrial disulfide relay that drives complex I assembly through efficient import of NDUFS5. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110784. [PMID: 35859387 PMCID: PMC9434101 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial intermembrane space protein AIFM1 has been reported to mediate the import of MIA40/CHCHD4, which forms the import receptor in the mitochondrial disulfide relay. Here, we demonstrate that AIFM1 and MIA40/CHCHD4 cooperate beyond this MIA40/CHCHD4 import. We show that AIFM1 and MIA40/CHCHD4 form a stable long‐lived complex in vitro, in different cell lines, and in tissues. In HEK293 cells lacking AIFM1, levels of MIA40 are unchanged, but the protein is present in the monomeric form. Monomeric MIA40 neither efficiently interacts with nor mediates the import of specific substrates. The import defect is especially severe for NDUFS5, a subunit of complex I of the respiratory chain. As a consequence, NDUFS5 accumulates in the cytosol and undergoes rapid proteasomal degradation. Lack of mitochondrial NDUFS5 in turn results in stalling of complex I assembly. Collectively, we demonstrate that AIFM1 serves two overlapping functions: importing MIA40/CHCHD4 and constituting an integral part of the disulfide relay that ensures efficient interaction of MIA40/CHCHD4 with specific substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Gerlich
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esra Peker
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Yannik Finger
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karolina Szczepanowska
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zeinab Alsadat Ahmadi
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Castillo
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alican Erdogan
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark Becker
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muna Ali
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Habich
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nele Burdina
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Merlin Klußmann
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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19
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Serna JDC, Amaral AG, Caldeira da Silva CC, Munhoz AC, Vilas-Boas EA, Menezes-Filho SL, Kowaltowski AJ. Regulation of Kidney Mitochondrial Function by Caloric Restriction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F92-F106. [PMID: 35499238 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00461.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) prevents obesity and increases resilience against pathological stimuli in laboratory rodents. At the mitochondrial level, protection promoted by CR in the brain and liver is related to higher calcium uptake rates and capacities, avoiding Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition. Dietary restriction has also been shown to increase kidney resistance against damaging stimuli, but if these effects are related to similar mitochondrial adaptations has not been uncovered. Here, we characterized changes in mitochondrial function in response to six months CR in rats, measuring bioenergetic parameters, redox balance and calcium homeostasis. CR promoted an increase in succinate-supported mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates. While CR prevents mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in many tissues, in kidney we found that mitochondrial H2O2 release was enhanced in a succinate-dependent manner. Surprisingly, and opposite to the effects observed in brain and liver, mitochondria from CR animals are more prone to Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition, in a manner reversed by antioxidant dithiothreitol. CR mitochondria also displayed higher calcium uptake rates, which were not accompanied by changes in calcium efflux rates, nor related to altered inner mitochondrial membrane potentials or amounts of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). Instead, increased mitochondrial calcium uptake rates in CR kidneys correlate with a loss of MICU2, an MCU modulator. Interestingly, MICU2 is also modulated by CR in liver, suggesting it has a broader diet-sensitive regulatory role controlling mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. Together, our results highlight the organ-specific bioenergetic, redox, and ionic transport effects of CR, with some unexpected deleterious effects in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D C Serna
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa G Amaral
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cláudia Munhoz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio L Menezes-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Tawfik I, Gottschalk B, Jarc A, Bresilla D, Rost R, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Graier WF, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT. T3-induced enhancement of mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake as a boost for mitochondrial metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:197-208. [PMID: 35091061 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones act as master regulators of cellular metabolism. Thereby, the biologically active triiodothyronine (T3) induces the expression of genes to enhance mitochondrial metabolic function. Notably, Ca2+ ions are necessary for the activity of dehydrogenases of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, thus, mitochondrial respiration. We investigated whether treating HeLa cells with T3 causes alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]mito) levels. Real-time measurements by fluorescence microscopy revealed that treatment with T3 for 3 h induces a significant increase in basal [Ca2+]mito levels and [Ca2+]mito uptake upon the depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store, while cytosolic Ca2+ levels remained unchanged. T3 incubation was found to upregulate mRNA expression levels of uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2, UCP3) and of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). Live-cell imaging revealed that T3-induced enhancement of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake depends on the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), UCP2, and PRMT1 that are essential for increased mitochondrial ATP ([ATP]mito) production after T3 treatment. Besides, increased [Ca2+]mito and [ATP]mito levels correlated with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. Notably, ROS scavenging causes mitochondrial Ca2+ elevation and outplays the impact of T3 on [Ca2+]mito homeostasis. Based on these results, we assume that thyroid hormones adjust [Ca2+]mito homeostasis by modulating the UCP2- and PRMT1-balanced [Ca2+]mito uptake via MCU in case of physiological ROS levels to convey their impact on mitochondrial ATP and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Tawfik
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Angelo Jarc
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Doruntina Bresilla
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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21
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Rampelt H, Wollweber F, Licheva M, de Boer R, Perschil I, Steidle L, Becker T, Bohnert M, van der Klei I, Kraft C, van der Laan M, Pfanner N. Dual role of Mic10 in mitochondrial cristae organization and ATP synthase-linked metabolic adaptation and respiratory growth. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110290. [PMID: 35081352 PMCID: PMC8810396 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Invaginations of the mitochondrial inner membrane, termed cristae, are hubs for oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and the dimeric F1Fo-ATP synthase play important roles in controlling cristae architecture. A fraction of the MICOS core subunit Mic10 is found in association with the ATP synthase, yet it is unknown whether this interaction is of relevance for mitochondrial or cellular functions. Here, we established conditions to selectively study the role of Mic10 at the ATP synthase. Mic10 variants impaired in MICOS functions stimulate ATP synthase oligomerization like wild-type Mic10 and promote efficient inner membrane energization, adaptation to non-fermentable carbon sources, and respiratory growth. Mic10's functions in respiratory growth largely depend on Mic10ATPsynthase, not on Mic10MICOS. We conclude that Mic10 plays a dual role as core subunit of MICOS and as partner of the F1Fo-ATP synthase, serving distinct functions in cristae shaping and respiratory adaptation and growth. Dual role of Mic10 of mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) Mic10 binds to mitochondrial ATP synthase and stabilizes higher order assemblies Oligomerization of Mic10 is required for its function in MICOS, not at ATP synthase Mic10 binding to ATP synthase supports metabolic adaptation and respiratory growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Rampelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Florian Wollweber
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mariya Licheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rinse de Boer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Perschil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Liesa Steidle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Bohnert
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ida van der Klei
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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22
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Dong Z, Yao X. Insight of the role of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in hepatic insulin resistance. Mitochondrion 2021; 62:128-138. [PMID: 34856389 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Due to the rapid rise in the prevalence of chronic metabolic disease, more and more clinicians and basic medical researchers focus their eyesight on insulin resistance (IR), an early and central event of metabolic diseases. The occurrence and development of IR are primarily caused by excessive energy intake and reduced energy consumption. Liver is the central organ that controls glucose homeostasis, playing a considerable role in systemic IR. Decreased capacity of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are being blamed as the direct reason for the development of IR. Mitochondrial Ca2+ plays a fundamental role in maintaining proper mitochondrial function and redox stability. The maintaining of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis requires the cooperation of ion channels in the inner and outer membrane of mitochondria, such as mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) and voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs). In addition, the crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosome and plasma membrane with mitochondria is also significant for mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, which is responsible for an efficient network of cellular Ca2+ signaling. Here, we review the recent progression in the research about the regulation factors for mitochondrial Ca2+ and how the dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic IR, providing a new perspective for further exploring the role of ion in the onset and development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchen Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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23
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Abstract
Import and oxidative folding of proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space differ among eukaryotic lineages. While opisthokonts such as yeast rely on the receptor and oxidoreductase Mia40 in combination with the Mia40:cytochrome c oxidoreductase Erv, kinetoplastid parasites and other Excavata/Discoba lack Mia40 but have a functional Erv homologue. Whether excavate Erv homologues rely on a Mia40 replacement or directly interact with imported protein substrates remains controversial. Here, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate a set of tagged and untagged homozygous mutants of LTERV from the kinetoplastid model parasite Leishmania tarentolae. Modifications of the shuttle cysteine motif of LtErv were lethal, whereas replacement of clamp residue Cys17 or removal of the kinetoplastida-specific second (KISS) domain had no impact on parasite viability under standard growth conditions. However, removal of the KISS domain rendered parasites sensitive to heat stress and led to the accumulation of homodimeric and mixed LtErv disulfides. We therefore determined and compared the redox interactomes of tagged wild-type LtErv and LtErvΔKISS using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and quantitative mass spectrometry. While the Mia40-replacement candidate Mic20 and all but one typical substrate with twin Cx3/9C-motifs were absent in both redox interactomes, we identified a small set of alternative potential interaction partners with putative redox-active cysteine residues. In summary, our study reveals parasite-specific intracellular structure-function relationships and redox interactomes of LtErv with implications for current hypotheses on mitochondrial protein import in nonopisthokonts. IMPORTANCE The discovery of the redox proteins Mia40/CHCHD4 and Erv1/ALR, as well as the elucidation of their relevance for oxidative protein folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space of yeast and mammals, founded a new research topic in redox biology and mitochondrial protein import. The lack of Mia40/CHCHD4 in protist lineages raises fundamental and controversial questions regarding the conservation and evolution of this essential pathway. Do protist Erv homologues act alone, or do they use the candidate Mic20 or another protein as a Mia40 replacement? Furthermore, we previously showed that Erv homologues in L. tarentolae and the human pathogen L. infantum are not only essential but also differ structurally and mechanistically from yeast and human Erv1/ALR. Here, we analyzed the relevance of such structural differences in vivo and determined the first redox interactomes of a nonopisthokont Erv homologue. Our data challenge recent hypotheses on mitochondrial protein import in nonopisthokonts.
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24
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Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer, and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport, and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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25
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Hevler JF, Zenezeni Chiozzi R, Cabrera-Orefice A, Brandt U, Arnold S, Heck AJR. Molecular characterization of a complex of apoptosis-inducing factor 1 with cytochrome c oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106950118. [PMID: 34548399 PMCID: PMC8488679 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106950118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining mass spectrometry-based chemical cross-linking and complexome profiling, we analyzed the interactome of heart mitochondria. We focused on complexes of oxidative phosphorylation and found that dimeric apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (AIFM1) forms a defined complex with ∼10% of monomeric cytochrome c oxidase (COX) but hardly interacts with respiratory chain supercomplexes. Multiple AIFM1 intercross-links engaging six different COX subunits provided structural restraints to build a detailed atomic model of the COX-AIFM12 complex (PDBDEV_00000092). An application of two complementary proteomic approaches thus provided unexpected insight into the macromolecular organization of the mitochondrial complexome. Our structural model excludes direct electron transfer between AIFM1 and COX. Notably, however, the binding site of cytochrome c remains accessible, allowing formation of a ternary complex. The discovery of the previously overlooked COX-AIFM12 complex and clues provided by the structural model hint at potential roles of AIFM1 in oxidative phosphorylation biogenesis and in programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Zenezeni Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Geldon S, Fernández-Vizarra E, Tokatlidis K. Redox-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Dynamics, and Respiratory Chain Assembly in Yeast and Human Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720656. [PMID: 34557489 PMCID: PMC8452992 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that contain their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and reminiscent of its endosymbiotic origin. Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration via the function of the electron oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and composed of the four electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes (complexes I-IV), and the ATP synthase (complex V). Even though the mtDNA encodes essential OXPHOS components, the large majority of the structural subunits and additional biogenetical factors (more than seventy proteins) are encoded in the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm. To incorporate these proteins and the rest of the mitochondrial proteome, mitochondria have evolved varied, and sophisticated import machineries that specifically target proteins to the different compartments defined by the two membranes. The intermembrane space (IMS) contains a high number of cysteine-rich proteins, which are mostly imported via the MIA40 oxidative folding system, dependent on the reduction, and oxidation of key Cys residues. Several of these proteins are structural components or assembly factors necessary for the correct maturation and function of the ETC complexes. Interestingly, many of these proteins are involved in the metalation of the active redox centers of complex IV, the terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial ETC. Due to their function in oxygen reduction, mitochondria are the main generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS), on both sides of the inner membrane, i.e., in the matrix and the IMS. ROS generation is important due to their role as signaling molecules, but an excessive production is detrimental due to unwanted oxidation reactions that impact on the function of different types of biomolecules contained in mitochondria. Therefore, the maintenance of the redox balance in the IMS is essential for mitochondrial function. In this review, we will discuss the role that redox regulation plays in the maintenance of IMS homeostasis as well as how mitochondrial ROS generation may be a key regulatory factor for ETC biogenesis, especially for complex IV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Fernández-Vizarra
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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27
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van der Reest J, Nardini Cecchino G, Haigis MC, Kordowitzki P. Mitochondria: Their relevance during oocyte ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101378. [PMID: 34091076 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oocyte is recognised as the largest cell in mammalian species and other multicellular organisms. Mitochondria represent a high proportion of the cytoplasm in oocytes and mitochondrial architecture is different in oocytes than in somatic cells, characterised by a rounder appearance and fragmented network. Although the number of mitochondria per oocyte is higher than in any other mammalian cell, their number and activity decrease with advancing age. Mitochondria integrate numerous processes essential for cellular function, such as metabolic processes related to energy production, biosynthesis, and waste removal, as well as Ca2+ signalling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Further, mitochondria are responsible for the cellular adaptation to different types of stressors such as oxidative stress or DNA damage. When these stressors outstrip the adaptive capacity of mitochondria to restore homeostasis, it leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Decades of studies indicate that mitochondrial function is multifaceted, which is reflected in the oocyte, where mitochondria support numerous processes during oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development. Dysregulation of mitochondrial processes has been consistently reported in ageing and age-related diseases. In this review, we describe the functions of mitochondria as bioenergetic powerhouses and signal transducers in oocytes, how dysfunction of mitochondrial processes contributes to reproductive ageing, and whether mitochondria could be targeted to promote oocyte rejuvenation.
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28
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Garg V, Suzuki J, Paranjpe I, Unsulangi T, Boyman L, Milescu LS, Lederer WJ, Kirichok Y. The mechanism of MICU-dependent gating of the mitochondrial Ca 2+uniporter. eLife 2021; 10:e69312. [PMID: 34463251 PMCID: PMC8437439 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ entry into mitochondria is through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUcx), a Ca2+-selective channel composed of five subunit types. Two MCUcx subunits (MCU and EMRE) span the inner mitochondrial membrane, while three Ca2+-regulatory subunits (MICU1, MICU2, and MICU3) reside in the intermembrane space. Here, we provide rigorous analysis of Ca2+ and Na+ fluxes via MCUcx in intact isolated mitochondria to understand the function of MICU subunits. We also perform direct patch clamp recordings of macroscopic and single MCUcx currents to gain further mechanistic insights. This comprehensive analysis shows that the MCUcx pore, composed of the EMRE and MCU subunits, is not occluded nor plugged by MICUs during the absence or presence of extramitochondrial Ca2+ as has been widely reported. Instead, MICUs potentiate activity of MCUcx as extramitochondrial Ca2+ is elevated. MICUs achieve this by modifying the gating properties of MCUcx allowing it to spend more time in the open state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Garg
- Department of Physiology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Physiology, University of MarylandBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Junji Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ishan Paranjpe
- Department of Physiology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Tiffany Unsulangi
- Department of Physiology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Liron Boyman
- Department of Physiology, University of MarylandBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Lorin S Milescu
- Department of Biology, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | | | - Yuriy Kirichok
- Department of Physiology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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29
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Structural characterization of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter provides insights into Ca 2+ uptake and regulation. iScience 2021; 24:102895. [PMID: 34401674 PMCID: PMC8353469 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial uniporter is a Ca2+-selective ion-conducting channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is involved in various cellular processes. The components of this uniporter, including the pore-forming membrane subunit MCU and the modulatory subunits MCUb, EMRE, MICU1, and MICU2, have been identified in recent years. Previously, extensive studies revealed various aspects of uniporter activities and proposed multiple regulatory models of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Recently, the individual auxiliary components of the uniporter and its holocomplex have been structurally characterized, providing the first insight into the component structures and their spatial relationship within the context of the uniporter. Here, we review recent uniporter structural studies in an attempt to establish an architectural framework, elucidating the mechanism that governs mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and regulation, and to address some apparent controversies. This information could facilitate further characterization of mitochondrial Ca2+ permeation and a better understanding of uniporter-related disease conditions. The uniporter contains multiple subunits regulating various cellular processes Significant structural progresses have been made for the holo-complex of uniporter The holo-complex structures have inspired to propose several regulatory models
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30
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Sargsyan Y, Bickmeyer U, Gibhardt CS, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Bogeski I, Thoms S. Peroxisomes contribute to intracellular calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes and non-excitable cells. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/9/e202000987. [PMID: 34330788 PMCID: PMC8326789 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes communicate with other cellular compartments by transfer of various metabolites. However, whether peroxisomes are sites for calcium handling and exchange has remained contentious. Here we generated sensors for assessment of peroxisomal calcium and applied them for single cell-based calcium imaging in HeLa cells and cardiomyocytes. We found that peroxisomes in HeLa cells take up calcium upon depletion of intracellular calcium stores and upon calcium influx across the plasma membrane. Furthermore, we show that peroxisomes of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes can take up calcium. Our results indicate that peroxisomal and cytosolic calcium signals are tightly interconnected both in HeLa cells and in cardiomyocytes. Cardiac peroxisomes take up calcium on beat-to-beat basis. Hence, peroxisomes may play an important role in shaping cellular calcium dynamics of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Sargsyan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uta Bickmeyer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine S Gibhardt
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Thoms
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Molecular Insights into Mitochondrial Protein Translocation and Human Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071031. [PMID: 34356047 PMCID: PMC8305315 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In human mitochondria, mtDNA encodes for only 13 proteins, all components of the OXPHOS system. The rest of the mitochondrial components, which make up approximately 99% of its proteome, are encoded in the nuclear genome, synthesized in cytosolic ribosomes and imported into mitochondria. Different import machineries translocate mitochondrial precursors, depending on their nature and the final destination inside the organelle. The proper and coordinated function of these molecular pathways is critical for mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we will review molecular details about these pathways, which components have been linked to human disease and future perspectives on the field to expand the genetic landscape of mitochondrial diseases.
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32
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Song N, Yang M, Zhang H, Yang SK. Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Kidney Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3647-3665. [PMID: 33138745 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201102114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease is a serious health problem that burdens our healthcare system. It is crucial to find the accurate pathogenesis of various types of kidney disease to provide guidance for precise therapies for patients suffering from these diseases. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases have not been fully understood. Disturbance of calcium homeostasis in renal cells plays a fundamental role in the development of various types of kidney disease, such as primary glomerular disease, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury and polycystic kidney disease, through promoting cell proliferation, stimulating extracellular matrix accumulation, aggravating podocyte injury, disrupting cellular energetics as well as dysregulating cell survival and death dynamics. As a result, preventing the disturbance of calcium homeostasis in specific renal cells (such as tubular cells, podocytes and mesangial cells) is becoming one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in the treatment of kidney disease. The endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are two vital organelles in this process. Calcium ions cycle between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria at the conjugation of these two organelles known as the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, maintaining calcium homeostasis. The pharmacologic modulation of cellular calcium homeostasis can be viewed as a novel therapeutic method for renal diseases. Here, we will introduce calcium homeostasis under physiological conditions and the disturbance of calcium homeostasis in kidney diseases. We will focus on the calcium homeostasis regulation in renal cells (including tubular cells, podocytes and mesangial cells), especially in the mitochondria- associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes of these renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Kun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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33
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Finger Y, Riemer J. Protein import by the mitochondrial disulfide relay in higher eukaryotes. Biol Chem 2021; 401:749-763. [PMID: 32142475 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The proteome of the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) contains more than 100 proteins, all of which are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and consequently need to be imported by dedicated machineries. The mitochondrial disulfide relay is the major import machinery for soluble proteins in the IMS. Its major component, the oxidoreductase MIA40, interacts with incoming substrates, retains them in the IMS, and oxidatively folds them. After this reaction, MIA40 is reoxidized by the sulfhydryl oxidase augmenter of liver regeneration, which couples disulfide formation by this machinery to the activity of the respiratory chain. In this review, we will discuss the import of IMS proteins with a focus on recent findings showing the diversity of disulfide relay substrates, describing the cytosolic control of this import system and highlighting the physiological relevance of the disulfide relay machinery in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Finger
- Institute for Biochemistry, Redox Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47a/R. 3.49, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Redox Biochemistry, University of Cologne, and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, Zülpicher Str. 47a/R. 3.49, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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34
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Aoyama-Ishiwatari S, Hirabayashi Y. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contact Sites-Emerging Intracellular Signaling Hubs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653828. [PMID: 34095118 PMCID: PMC8172986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become apparent that our textbook illustration of singular isolated organelles is obsolete. In reality, organelles form complex cooperative networks involving various types of organelles. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies have revealed that mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCSs) are abundant in various tissues and cell types. Indeed, MERCSs have been proposed to play critical roles in various biochemical and signaling functions such as Ca2+ homeostasis, lipid transfer, and regulation of organelle dynamics. While numerous proteins involved in these MERCS-dependent functions have been reported, how they coordinate and cooperate with each other has not yet been elucidated. In this review, we summarize the functions of mammalian proteins that localize at MERCSs and regulate their formation. We also discuss potential roles of the MERCS proteins in regulating multiple organelle contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Hirabayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Danese A, Leo S, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Fiorica F, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Cell death as a result of calcium signaling modulation: A cancer-centric prospective. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119061. [PMID: 33991539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) and the complex regulatory system governed by Ca2+ signaling have been described to be of crucial importance in numerous aspects related to cell life and death decisions, especially in recent years. The growing attention given to this second messenger is justified by the pleiotropic nature of Ca2+-binding proteins and transporters and their consequent involvement in cell fate decisions. A growing number of works highlight that deregulation of Ca2+ signaling and homoeostasis is often deleterious and drives pathological conditions; in particular, a disruption of the main Ca2+-mediated death mechanisms may lead to uncontrolled cell growth that results in cancer. In this work, we review the latest useful evidence to better understand the complex network of pathways by which Ca2+ regulates cell life and death decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Danese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Leo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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36
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Nakamura T, Ogawa M, Kojima K, Takayanagi S, Ishihara S, Hattori K, Naguro I, Ichijo H. The mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake regulator, MICU1, is involved in cold stress-induced ferroptosis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51532. [PMID: 33822458 PMCID: PMC8097382 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis has recently attracted much interest because of its relevance to human diseases such as cancer and ischemia-reperfusion injury. We have reported that prolonged severe cold stress induces lipid peroxidation-dependent ferroptosis, but the upstream mechanism remains unknown. Here, using genome-wide CRISPR screening, we found that a mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake regulator, mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1), is required for generating lipid peroxide and subsequent ferroptosis under cold stress. Furthermore, the gatekeeping activity of MICU1 through mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is suggested to be indispensable for cold stress-induced ferroptosis. MICU1 is required for mitochondrial Ca2+ increase, hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and subsequent lipid peroxidation under cold stress. Collectively, these findings suggest that the MICU1-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis-MMP hyperpolarization axis is involved in cold stress-induced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Nakamura
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Motoyuki Ogawa
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuki Kojima
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Saki Takayanagi
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shunya Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Isao Naguro
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell SignalingGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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37
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Yang M, Li C, Sun L. Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs): A Novel Therapeutic Target for Treating Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1347-1362. [PMID: 32048952 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200212100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Membranes (MAMs) are the cellular structures that connect the ER and mitochondria and mediate communication between these two organelles. MAMs have been demonstrated to be involved in calcium signaling, lipid transfer, mitochondrial dynamic change, mitophagy, and the ER stress response. In addition, MAMs are critical for metabolic regulation, and their dysfunction has been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome, including the downregulation of insulin signaling and the accelerated progression of hyperlipidemia, obesity, and hypertension. This review covers the roles of MAMs in regulating insulin sensitivity and the molecular mechanism underlying MAM-regulated cellular metabolism and reveals the potential of MAMs as a therapeutic target in treating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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38
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Chipuk JE, Mohammed JN, Gelles JD, Chen Y. Mechanistic connections between mitochondrial biology and regulated cell death. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1221-1233. [PMID: 33887204 PMCID: PMC8102388 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ancient, dynamic, and multifaceted functions of the mitochondrial network are essential for organismal homeostasis and contribute to numerous human diseases. As central hubs for metabolism, ion transport, and multiple macromolecular synthesis pathways, mitochondria establish and control extensive signaling networks to ensure cellular survival. In this review, we explore how these same mitochondrial functions also participate in the control of regulated cell death (RCD). We discuss the complementary essential mitochondrial functions as compartments that participate in the production and presentation of key molecules and platforms that actively enable, initiate, and execute RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Edward Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Jarvier N Mohammed
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jesse D Gelles
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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39
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The Mia40/CHCHD4 Oxidative Folding System: Redox Regulation and Signaling in the Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040592. [PMID: 33921425 PMCID: PMC8069373 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for several cellular functions as they control metabolism, cell physiology, and cell death. The mitochondrial proteome consists of around 1500 proteins, the vast majority of which (about 99% of them) are encoded by nuclear genes, with only 13 polypeptides in human cells encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Therefore, it is critical for all the mitochondrial proteins that are nuclear-encoded to be targeted precisely and sorted specifically to their site of action inside mitochondria. These processes of targeting and sorting are catalysed by protein translocases that operate in each one of the mitochondrial sub-compartments. The main protein import pathway for the intermembrane space (IMS) recognises proteins that are cysteine-rich, and it is the only import pathway that chemically modifies the imported precursors by introducing disulphide bonds to them. In this manner, the precursors are trapped in the IMS in a folded state. The key component of this pathway is Mia40 (called CHCHD4 in human cells), which itself contains cysteine motifs and is subject to redox regulation. In this review, we detail the basic components of the MIA pathway and the disulphide relay mechanism that underpins the electron transfer reaction along the oxidative folding mechanism. Then, we discuss the key protein modulators of this pathway and how they are interlinked to the small redox-active molecules that critically affect the redox state in the IMS. We present also evidence that the mitochondrial redox processes that are linked to iron–sulfur clusters biogenesis and calcium homeostasis coalesce in the IMS at the MIA machinery. The fact that the MIA machinery and several of its interactors and substrates are linked to a variety of common human diseases connected to mitochondrial dysfunction highlight the potential of redox processes in the IMS as a promising new target for developing new treatments for some of the most complex and devastating human diseases.
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40
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Alevriadou BR, Patel A, Noble M, Ghosh S, Gohil VM, Stathopulos PB, Madesh M. Molecular nature and physiological role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C465-C482. [PMID: 33296287 PMCID: PMC8260355 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00502.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is critical for cell function and cell survival. Mitochondria play a major role in regulating the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is an important determinant of cell fate and governs respiration, mitophagy/autophagy, and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake occurs via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex. This review summarizes the present knowledge on the function of MCU complex, regulation of MCU channel, and the role of MCU in Ca2+ homeostasis and human disease pathogenesis. The channel core consists of four MCU subunits and essential MCU regulators (EMRE). Regulatory proteins that interact with them include mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1/2 (MICU1/2), MCU dominant-negative β-subunit (MCUb), MCU regulator 1 (MCUR1), and solute carrier 25A23 (SLC25A23). In addition to these proteins, cardiolipin, a mitochondrial membrane-specific phospholipid, has been shown to interact with the channel core. The dynamic interplay between the core and regulatory proteins modulates MCU channel activity after sensing local changes in [Ca2+]i, reactive oxygen species, and other environmental factors. Here, we highlight the structural details of the human MCU heteromeric assemblies and their known roles in regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. MCU dysfunction has been shown to alter mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics, in turn eliciting cell apoptosis. Changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake have been implicated in pathological conditions affecting multiple organs, including the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. However, our structural and functional knowledge of this vital protein complex remains incomplete, and understanding the precise role for MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in disease requires further research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rita Alevriadou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Akshar Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Megan Noble
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sagnika Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology Division, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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41
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Marchi S, Zanella M, Pinton P, Crafa S, Boniolo G. MitopatHs: a new logically-framed tool for visualizing multiple mitochondrial pathways. iScience 2021; 24:102324. [PMID: 33889820 PMCID: PMC8050385 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles inside the cell that house a wide range of molecular pathways involved in energy metabolism, ions homeostasis, and cell death. Several databases characterize the different mitochondrial aspects and thus support basic and clinical research. Here we present MitopatHs, a web-based data set that allows navigating among the biochemical signaling pathways (PatHs) of human (H) mitochondria (Mito). MitopatHs is designed to visualize and comprehend virtually all types of pathways in two complementary ways: a logical view, where the sequence of biochemical reactions is presented as logical deductions, and an intuitive graphical visualization, which enables the examination and the analysis of each step of the pathway. MitopatHs is a manually curated, open access and collaborative tool, whose goal is to enable the visualization and comprehension of complicated molecular routes in an easy and fast way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Zanella
- Department of Mathematics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Silvia Crafa
- Department of Mathematics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boniolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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42
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Tanwar J, Singh JB, Motiani RK. Molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial calcium levels: The nuts and bolts of mitochondrial calcium dynamics. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:9-22. [PMID: 33316420 PMCID: PMC7610953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play vital role in regulating the cellular energetics and metabolism. Further, it is a signaling hub for cell survival and apoptotic pathways. One of the key determinants that calibrate both cellular energetics and survival functions is mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) dynamics. Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates three Ca2+-sensitive dehydrogenase enzymes involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle thereby directly controlling ATP synthesis. On the other hand, excessive Ca2+ concentration within the mitochondrial matrix elevates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) levels and causes mitochondrial membrane depolarization. This leads to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and release of cytochrome c into cytosol eventually triggering apoptosis. Therefore, it is critical for cell to maintain mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration. Since cells can neither synthesize nor metabolize Ca2+, it is the dynamic interplay of Ca2+ handling proteins involved in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux that take the center stage. In this review we would discuss the key molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration. We would focus on the channel complex involved in bringing Ca2+ into mitochondrial matrix i.e. Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) and its key regulators Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake proteins (MICU1, 2 and 3), MCU regulatory subunit b (MCUb), Essential MCU Regulator (EMRE) and Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter Regulator 1 (MCUR1). Further, we would deliberate on major mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux proteins i.e. Mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+/Li+ exchanger (NCLX) and Leucine zipper EF hand-containing transmembrane1 (Letm1). Moreover, we would highlight the physiological functions of these proteins and discuss their relevance in human pathophysiology. Finally, we would highlight key outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tanwar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi 10025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jaya Bharti Singh
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Rajender K Motiani
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Delhi-NCR, India.
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43
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CHCHD4 (MIA40) and the mitochondrial disulfide relay system. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:17-27. [PMID: 33599699 PMCID: PMC7925007 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal for normal cellular physiology, as they perform a crucial role in diverse cellular functions and processes, including respiration and the regulation of bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways, as well as regulating cellular signalling and transcriptional networks. In this way, mitochondria are central to the cell's homeostatic machinery, and as such mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the pathology of a diverse range of diseases including mitochondrial disease and cancer. Mitochondrial import pathways and targeting mechanisms provide the means to transport into mitochondria the hundreds of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins that are critical for the organelle's many functions. One such import pathway is the highly evolutionarily conserved disulfide relay system (DRS) within the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), whereby proteins undergo a form of oxidation-dependent protein import. A central component of the DRS is the oxidoreductase coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4, also known as MIA40), the human homologue of yeast Mia40. Here, we summarise the recent advances made to our understanding of the role of CHCHD4 and the DRS in physiology and disease, with a specific focus on the emerging importance of CHCHD4 in regulating the cellular response to low oxygen (hypoxia) and metabolism in cancer.
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Mitochondrial control of cellular protein homeostasis. Biochem J 2021; 477:3033-3054. [PMID: 32845275 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in several vital functions of the eukaryotic cell. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are coded by nuclear DNA. Constant import of proteins from the cytosol is a prerequisite for the efficient functioning of the organelle. The protein import into mitochondria is mediated by diverse import pathways and is continuously under watch by quality control systems. However, it is often challenged by both internal and external factors, such as oxidative stress or energy shortage. The impaired protein import and biogenesis leads to the accumulation of mitochondrial precursor proteins in the cytosol and activates several stress response pathways. These defense mechanisms engage a network of processes involving transcription, translation, and protein clearance to restore cellular protein homeostasis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of various factors and processes contributing to mitochondrial stress caused by protein biogenesis failure and summarize the recovery mechanisms employed by the cell.
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TSUBOI M, HIRABAYASHI Y. New insights into the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity by the endoplasmic reticulum and its membrane contacts. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:559-572. [PMID: 34897182 PMCID: PMC8687855 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian neurons are highly compartmentalized yet very large cells. To provide each compartment with its distinct properties, metabolic homeostasis and molecular composition need to be precisely coordinated in a compartment-specific manner. Despite the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a platform for various biochemical reactions, such as protein synthesis, protein trafficking, and intracellular calcium control, the contribution of the ER to neuronal compartment-specific functions and plasticity remains elusive. Recent advances in the development of live imaging and serial scanning electron microscopy (sSEM) analysis have revealed that the neuronal ER is a highly dynamic organelle with compartment-specific structures. sSEM studies also revealed that the ER forms contacts with other membranes, such as the mitochondria and plasma membrane, although little is known about the functions of these ER-membrane contacts. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and physiological roles of the ER structure and ER-mitochondria contacts in synaptic transmission and plasticity, thereby highlighting a potential link between organelle ultrastructure and neuronal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi TSUBOI
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Bassot A, Chen J, Simmen T. Post-Translational Modification of Cysteines: A Key Determinant of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts (MERCs). CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:25152564211001213. [PMID: 37366382 PMCID: PMC10243593 DOI: 10.1177/25152564211001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cells must adjust their redox state to an ever-changing environment that could otherwise result in compromised homeostasis. An obvious way to adapt to changing redox conditions depends on cysteine post-translational modifications (PTMs) to adapt conformation, localization, interactions and catalytic activation of proteins. Such PTMs should occur preferentially in the proximity of oxidative stress sources. A particular concentration of these sources is found near membranes where the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria interact on domains called MERCs (Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contacts). Here, fine inter-organelle communication controls metabolic homeostasis. MERCs achieve this goal through fluxes of Ca2+ ions and inter-organellar lipid exchange. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause PTMs of mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) proteins determine these intertwined MERC functions. Chronic changes of the pattern of these PTMs not only control physiological processes such as the circadian clock but could also lead to or worsen many human disorders such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Simmen
- Thomas Simmen, Department of Cell
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2H7.
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The Physiological and Pathological Roles of Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake in Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207689. [PMID: 33080805 PMCID: PMC7589179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) plays a critical role in the cardiac mitochondria function. Ca2+ entering the mitochondria is necessary for ATP production and the contractile activity of cardiomyocytes. However, excessive Ca2+ in the mitochondria results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Mitochondria maintain Ca2+ homeostasis in normal cardiomyocytes through a comprehensive regulatory mechanism by controlling the uptake and release of Ca2+ in response to the cellular demand. Understanding the mechanism of modulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in the cardiomyocyte could bring new insights into the pathogenesis of cardiac disease and help developing the strategy to prevent the heart from damage at an early stage. In this review, we summarized the latest findings in the studies on the cardiac mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, focusing on the regulation of mitochondrial calcium uptake, which acts as a double-edged sword in the cardiac function. Specifically, we discussed the dual roles of mitochondrial Ca2+ in mitochondrial activity and the impact on cardiac function, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms, and the potential future research interest.
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Torkzaban B, Natarajaseenivasan K, Mohseni Ahooyi T, Shekarabi M, Amini S, Langford TD, Khalili K. The lncRNA LOC102549805 (U1) modulates neurotoxicity of HIV-1 Tat protein. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:835. [PMID: 33033233 PMCID: PMC7546609 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat is a potent neurotoxic protein that is released by HIV-1 infected cells in the brain and perturbs neuronal homeostasis, causing a broad range of neurological disorders in people living with HIV-1. Furthermore, the effects of Tat have been addressed in numerous studies to investigate the molecular events associated with neuronal cells survival and death. Here, we discovered that exposure of rat primary neurons to Tat resulted in the up-regulation of an uncharacterized long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), LOC102549805 (lncRNA-U1). Our observations showed that increased expression of lncRNA-U1 in neurons disrupts bioenergetic pathways by dysregulating homeostasis of Ca2+, mitigating mitochondrial oxygen reduction, and decreasing ATP production, all of which point mitochondrial impairment in neurons via the Tat-mediated lncRNA-U1 induction. These changes were associated with imbalances in autophagy and apoptosis pathways. Additionally, this study showed the ability of Tat to modulate expression of the neuropeptide B/W receptor 1 (NPBWR1) gene via up-regulation of lncRNA-U1. Collectively, our results identified Tat-mediated lncRNA-U1 upregulation resulting in disruption of neuronal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Torkzaban
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Masoud Shekarabi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Shohreh Amini
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - T Dianne Langford
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Gibhardt CS, Ezeriņa D, Sung HM, Messens J, Bogeski I. Redox regulation of the mitochondrial calcium transport machinery. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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50
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Vais H, Payne R, Paudel U, Li C, Foskett JK. Coupled transmembrane mechanisms control MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21731-21739. [PMID: 32801213 PMCID: PMC7474680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005976117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria regulates bioenergetics, apoptosis, and Ca2+ signaling. The primary pathway for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a Ca2+-selective ion channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane. MCU-mediated Ca2+ uptake is driven by the sizable inner-membrane potential generated by the electron-transport chain. Despite the large thermodynamic driving force, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is tightly regulated to maintain low matrix [Ca2+] and prevent opening of the permeability transition pore and cell death, while meeting dynamic cellular energy demands. How this is accomplished is controversial. Here we define a regulatory mechanism of MCU-channel activity in which cytoplasmic Ca2+ regulation of intermembrane space-localized MICU1/2 is controlled by Ca2+-regulatory mechanisms localized across the membrane in the mitochondrial matrix. Ca2+ that permeates through the channel pore regulates Ca2+ affinities of coupled inhibitory and activating sensors in the matrix. Ca2+ binding to the inhibitory sensor within the MCU amino terminus closes the channel despite Ca2+ binding to MICU1/2. Conversely, disruption of the interaction of MICU1/2 with the MCU complex disables matrix Ca2+ regulation of channel activity. Our results demonstrate how Ca2+ influx into mitochondria is tuned by coupled Ca2+-regulatory mechanisms on both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horia Vais
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Riley Payne
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Usha Paudel
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Carmen Li
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - J Kevin Foskett
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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