1
|
Parente AD, Bolland DE, Huisinga KL, Provost JJ. Physiology of malate dehydrogenase and how dysregulation leads to disease. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20230085. [PMID: 38962852 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is pivotal in mammalian tissue metabolism, participating in various pathways beyond its classical roles and highlighting its adaptability to cellular demands. This enzyme is involved in maintaining redox balance, lipid synthesis, and glutamine metabolism and supports rapidly proliferating cells' energetic and biosynthetic needs. The involvement of MDH in glutamine metabolism underlines its significance in cell physiology. In contrast, its contribution to lipid metabolism highlights its role in essential biosynthetic processes necessary for cell maintenance and proliferation. The enzyme's regulatory mechanisms, such as post-translational modifications, underscore its complexity and importance in metabolic regulation, positioning MDH as a potential target in metabolic dysregulation. Furthermore, the association of MDH with various pathologies, including cancer and neurological disorders, suggests its involvement in disease progression. The overexpression of MDH isoforms MDH1 and MDH2 in cancers like breast, prostate, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, alongside structural modifications, implies their critical role in the metabolic adaptation of tumor cells. Additionally, mutations in MDH2 linked to pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other metabolic diseases emphasize MDH's role in metabolic homeostasis. This review spotlights MDH's potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target, advocating for further research into its multifunctional roles and regulatory mechanisms in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Parente
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mercyhurst University, Erie, PA, U.S.A
| | - Danielle E Bolland
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Morris, Morris, MN 56267, U.S.A
| | - Kathryn L Huisinga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Malone University, Canton, OH 44709, U.S.A
| | - Joseph J Provost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ciccarone F, Ciriolo MR. Reprogrammed mitochondria: a central hub of cancer cell metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1305-1315. [PMID: 38716960 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent the metabolic hub of normal cells and play this role also in cancer but with different functional purposes. While cells in differentiated tissues have the prerogative of maintaining basal metabolism and support the biosynthesis of specialized products, cancer cells have to rewire the metabolic constraints imposed by the differentiation process. They need to balance the bioenergetic supply with the anabolic requirements that entail the intense proliferation rate, including nucleotide and membrane lipid biosynthesis. For this aim, mitochondrial metabolism is reprogrammed following the activation of specific oncogenic pathways or due to specific mutations of mitochondrial proteins. The main process leading to mitochondrial metabolic rewiring is the alteration of the tricarboxylic acid cycle favoring the appropriate orchestration of anaplerotic and cataplerotic reactions. According to the tumor type or the microenvironmental conditions, mitochondria may decouple glucose catabolism from mitochondrial oxidation in favor of glutaminolysis or disable oxidative phosphorylation for avoiding harmful production of free radicals. These and other metabolic settings can be also determined by the neo-production of oncometabolites that are not specific for the tissue of origin or the accumulation of metabolic intermediates able to boost pro-proliferative metabolism also impacting epigenetic/transcriptional programs. The full characterization of tumor-specific mitochondrial signatures may provide the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities based on metabolic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neumann CJ, Pausan MR, Haid V, Weiss EC, Kolovetsiou-Kreiner V, Amtmann B, Winkler P, Mahnert A, Jantscher-Krenn E, Moissl-Eichinger C. The dynamics of the female microbiome: unveiling abrupt changes of microbial domains across body sites from prepartum to postpartum phases. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0014724. [PMID: 38917430 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00147-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbial ecosystem of women undergoes enormous changes during pregnancy and the perinatal period. Little is known about the extent of changes in the maternal microbiome beyond the vaginal cavity and its recovery after birth. In this study, we followed pregnant women [maternal prepartum (mpre), n = 30] into the postpartum period [1 month postpartum, maternal postpartum (mpost), n = 30]. We profiled their oral, urinary, and vaginal microbiome; archaeome; mycobiome; and urinary metabolome and compared them with those of nonpregnant (np) women (n = 29). Overall, pregnancy status (np, mpre, and mpost) had a smaller effect on the microbiomes than body site, but massive transitions were observed for the oral and urogenital (vaginal and urinary) microbiomes. While the oral microbiome fluctuates during pregnancy but stabilizes rapidly within the first month postpartum, the urogenital microbiome is characterized by a major remodeling caused by a massive loss of Lactobacillus and thus a shift from Vaginal Community State Type (CST) I (40% of women) to CST IV (85% of women). The urinary metabolome rapidly reached an np-like composition after delivery, apart from lactose and oxaloacetic acid, which were elevated during active lactation. Fungal and archaeal profiles were indicative of pregnancy status. Methanobacterium signatures were found mainly in np women, and Methanobrevibacter showed an opposite behavior in the oral cavity (increased) and vagina (decreased) during pregnancy. Our findings suggest that the massive remodeling of the maternal microbiome and metabolome needs more attention and that potential interventions could be envisioned to optimize recovery and avoid long-term effects on maternal health and subsequent pregnancies. IMPORTANCE The perinatal microbiome is of specific interest for the health of the mother and infant. We therefore investigate the dynamics of the female microbiome from nonpregnant over prepartum to the postpartum period in urine and the oral and vaginal cavities. A specific focus of this study is put not only on the bacterial part of the microbiome but also on the underinvestigated contribution of fungi and archaea. To our knowledge, we present the first study highlighting those aspects. Our findings suggest that the massive remodeling of the maternal microbiome and metabolome needs more attention and that potential interventions could be envisioned to optimize recovery and avoid long-term effects on maternal health and subsequent pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Neumann
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Manuela-Raluca Pausan
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Victoria Haid
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Eva-Christine Weiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | | | - Bettina Amtmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Petra Winkler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Alexander Mahnert
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Styria, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Miao Z, Yang Q. AGC1-mediated Metabolic Reprogramming and Autophagy Sustain Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells under Glutamine Deprivation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01311-y. [PMID: 38789662 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The dependence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells on glutamine suggests the feasibility of targeting glutamine metabolism for therapy. However, drugs inhibiting glutamine uptake and breakdown have not shown promising outcomes. Therefore, investigating the mechanism of glutamine metabolism reprogramming in HCC cells is crucial. We used bioinformatics approaches to investigate the metabolic flux of glutamine in HCC cells and validated it using qRT-PCR and western blotting. HCC cells were cultured in glutamine-deprived medium, and changes in glutamate and ATP levels were monitored. Western blotting was employed to assess the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and autophagy-related proteins. The impact of Solute carrier family 25 member 12 (AGC1) on HCC cell proliferation was studied using CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Furthermore, the effects of AGC1 knockdown via siRNA on metabolic reprogramming and energy supply during glutamine deprivation in HCC were explored. During glutamine deprivation, HCC cells sustain cytosolic asparagine synthesis and ATP production through AGC1. Low ATP levels activate AMPK and inhibit mTOR activation, inducing autophagy to rescue HCC cell survival. Knockdown of AGC1 inhibits mitochondrial aspartate output and continuously activates autophagy, rendering HCC cells more sensitive to glutamine deprivation. AGC1 serves as a critical node in the reprogramming of glutamine metabolism and energy supply in HCC cells. This study provides theoretical support for overcoming resistance to drugs targeting glutamine metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zeyu Miao
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hellweg L, Pfeifer M, Tarnawski M, Thing-Teoh S, Chang L, Bergner A, Kress J, Hiblot J, Wiedmer T, Superti-Furga G, Reinhardt J, Johnsson K, Leippe P. AspSnFR: A genetically encoded biosensor for real-time monitoring of aspartate in live cells. Cell Chem Biol 2024:S2451-9456(24)00179-X. [PMID: 38806058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Aspartate is crucial for nucleotide synthesis, ammonia detoxification, and maintaining redox balance via the malate-aspartate-shuttle (MAS). To disentangle these multiple roles of aspartate metabolism, tools are required that measure aspartate concentrations in real time and in live cells. We introduce AspSnFR, a genetically encoded green fluorescent biosensor for intracellular aspartate, engineered through displaying and screening biosensor libraries on mammalian cells. In live cells, AspSnFR is able to precisely and quantitatively measure cytosolic aspartate concentrations and dissect its production from glutamine. Combining high-content imaging of AspSnFR with pharmacological perturbations exposes differences in metabolic vulnerabilities of aspartate levels based on nutrient availability. Further, AspSnFR facilitates tracking of aspartate export from mitochondria through SLC25A12, the MAS' key transporter. We show that SLC25A12 is a rapidly responding and direct route to couple Ca2+ signaling with mitochondrial aspartate export. This establishes SLC25A12 as a crucial link between cellular signaling, mitochondrial respiration, and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hellweg
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeifer
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Discovery Science, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miroslaw Tarnawski
- Protein Expression and Characterization Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shao Thing-Teoh
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Chang
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Discovery Science, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Bergner
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Kress
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Hiblot
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Reinhardt
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Discovery Science, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Leippe
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chidley C, Darnell AM, Gaudio BL, Lien EC, Barbeau AM, Vander Heiden MG, Sorger PK. A CRISPRi/a screening platform to study cellular nutrient transport in diverse microenvironments. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:825-838. [PMID: 38605144 PMCID: PMC11098743 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Blocking the import of nutrients essential for cancer cell proliferation represents a therapeutic opportunity, but it is unclear which transporters to target. Here we report a CRISPR interference/activation screening platform to systematically interrogate the contribution of nutrient transporters to support cancer cell proliferation in environments ranging from standard culture media to tumours. We applied this platform to identify the transporters of amino acids in leukaemia cells and found that amino acid transport involves high bidirectional flux dependent on the microenvironment composition. While investigating the role of transporters in cystine starved cells, we uncovered a role for serotonin uptake in preventing ferroptosis. Finally, we identified transporters essential for cell proliferation in subcutaneous tumours and found that levels of glucose and amino acids can restrain proliferation in that environment. This study establishes a framework for systematically identifying critical cellular nutrient transporters, characterizing their function and exploring how the tumour microenvironment impacts cancer metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chidley
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alicia M Darnell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Gaudio
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Barbeau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goswami MT, Weh E, Subramanya S, Weh KM, Durumutla HB, Hager H, Miller N, Chaudhury S, Andren A, Sajjakulnukit P, Besirli CG, Lyssiotis CA, Wubben TJ. Glutaminase deficiency in rod photoreceptors disrupts nonessential amino acid levels to activate the integrated stress response and induce rapid degeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.582525. [PMID: 38586045 PMCID: PMC10996599 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.582525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The bioenergetic demand of photoreceptors rivals that of cancer cells, and numerous metabolic similarities exist between these cells. Glutamine (Gln) anaplerosis via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle provides biosynthetic intermediates and is a hallmark of cancer metabolism. In this process, Gln is first converted to glutamate via glutaminase (GLS), which is a crucial pathway in many cancer cells. To date, no study has been undertaken to examine the role of Gln metabolism in vivo in photoreceptors. Here, mice lacking GLS in rod photoreceptors were generated. Animals lacking GLS experienced rapid photoreceptor degeneration with concomitant functional loss. Gln has multiple roles in metabolism including redox balance, biosynthesis of nucleotides and amino acids, and supplementing the TCA cycle. Few alterations were noted in redox balance. Unlabeled targeted metabolomics demonstrated few changes in glycolytic and TCA cycle intermediates, which corresponded with a lack of significant changes in mitochondrial function. GLS deficiency in rod photoreceptors did decrease the fractional labelling of TCA cycle intermediates when provided uniformly labeled 13C-Gln in vivo. However, supplementation with alpha-ketoglutarate provided only marginal rescue of photoreceptor degeneration. Nonessential amino acids, glutamate and aspartate, were decreased in the retina of mice lacking GLS in rod photoreceptors. In accordance with this amino acid deprivation, the integrated stress response (ISR) was found to be activated with decreased global protein synthesis. Importantly, supplementation with asparagine delayed photoreceptor degeneration to a greater degree than alpha-ketoglutarate. These data show that GLS-mediated Gln catabolism is essential for rod photoreceptor amino acid biosynthesis, function, and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moloy T. Goswami
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Eric Weh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Shubha Subramanya
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Katherine M. Weh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Hima Bindu Durumutla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Heather Hager
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Nicholas Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Sraboni Chaudhury
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Cagri G. Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Thomas J. Wubben
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lackner S, Mahnert A, Moissl-Eichinger C, Madl T, Habisch H, Meier-Allard N, Kumpitsch C, Lahousen T, Kohlhammer-Dohr A, Mörkl S, Strobl H, Holasek S. Interindividual differences in aronia juice tolerability linked to gut microbiome and metabolome changes-secondary analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled parallel intervention trial. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:49. [PMID: 38461313 PMCID: PMC10924357 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aronia melanocarpa is a berry rich in polyphenols known for health benefits. However, the bioavailability of polyphenols has been questioned, and the individual taste acceptance of the fruit with its specific flavor varies. We recently observed substantial differences in the tolerability of aronia juice among healthy females, with half of the individuals tolerating aronia juice without complaints. Given the importance of the gut microbiome in food digestion, we investigated in this secondary analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled parallel intervention study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05432362) if aronia juice tolerability was associated with changes in intestinal microbiota and bacterial metabolites, seeking for potential mechanistic insights into the impact on aronia polyphenol tolerance and metabolic outcomes. RESULTS Forty females were enrolled for this 6-week trial, receiving either 100 ml natural aronia juice (verum, V) twice daily or a polyphenol-free placebo (P) with a similar nutritional profile, followed by a 6-week washout. Within V, individuals were categorized into those who tolerated the juice well (Vt) or reported complaints (Vc). The gut microbiome diversity, as analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based next-generation sequencing, remained unaltered in Vc but changed significantly in Vt. A MICOM-based flux balance analysis revealed pronounced differences in the 40 most predictive metabolites post-intervention. In Vc carbon-dioxide, ammonium and nine O-glycans were predicted due to a shift in microbial composition, while in Vt six bile acids were the most likely microbiota-derived metabolites. NMR metabolomics of plasma confirmed increased lipoprotein subclasses (LDL, VLDL) post-intervention, reverting after wash out. Stool samples maintained a stable metabolic profile. CONCLUSION In linking aronia polyphenol tolerance to gut microbiota-derived metabolites, our study explores adaptive processes affecting lipoprotein profiles during high polyphenol ingestion in Vt and examines effects on mucosal gut health in response to intolerance to high polyphenol intake in Vc. Our results underpin the importance of individualized hormetic dosing for beneficial polyphenol effects, demonstrate dynamic gut microbiome responses to aronia juice, and emphasize personalized responses in polyphenol interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Mahnert
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Kumpitsch
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Lahousen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kohlhammer-Dohr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Division of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Auenbruggerplatz 3, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Peng X, Li Y, Wei S, He G, Liu J, Li X, Yang S, Li D, Lin W, Fang J, Yang L, Li H. Glutamine addiction in tumor cell: oncogene regulation and clinical treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:12. [PMID: 38172980 PMCID: PMC10763057 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
After undergoing metabolic reprogramming, tumor cells consume additional glutamine to produce amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, and other substances to facilitate their unlimited proliferation. As such, the metabolism of glutamine is intricately linked to the survival and progression of cancer cells. Consequently, targeting the glutamine metabolism presents a promising strategy to inhibit growth of tumor cell and cancer development. This review describes glutamine uptake, metabolism, and transport in tumor cells and its pivotal role in biosynthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides, and more. Furthermore, we have also summarized the impact of oncogenes like C-MYC, KRAS, HIF, and p53 on the regulation of glutamine metabolism and the mechanisms through which glutamine triggers mTORC1 activation. In addition, role of different anti-cancer agents in targeting glutamine metabolism has been described and their prospective applications are assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Weikai Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jianjun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Demicco M, Liu XZ, Leithner K, Fendt SM. Metabolic heterogeneity in cancer. Nat Metab 2024; 6:18-38. [PMID: 38267631 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire their metabolism to survive during cancer progression. In this context, tumour metabolic heterogeneity arises and develops in response to diverse environmental factors. This metabolic heterogeneity contributes to cancer aggressiveness and impacts therapeutic opportunities. In recent years, technical advances allowed direct characterisation of metabolic heterogeneity in tumours. In addition to the metabolic heterogeneity observed in primary tumours, metabolic heterogeneity temporally evolves along with tumour progression. In this Review, we summarize the mechanisms of environment-induced metabolic heterogeneity. In addition, we discuss how cancer metabolism and the key metabolites and enzymes temporally and functionally evolve during the metastatic cascade and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Demicco
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiao-Zheng Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katharina Leithner
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Subramanya S, Goswami MT, Miller N, Weh E, Chaudhury S, Zhang L, Andren A, Hager H, Weh KM, Lyssiotis CA, Besirli CG, Wubben TJ. Rod photoreceptor-specific deletion of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase, GOT1, causes retinal degeneration. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1306019. [PMID: 38725581 PMCID: PMC11081273 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1306019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Photoreceptor cell death is the cause of vision loss in many forms of retinal disease. Metabolic dysfunction within the outer retina has been shown to be an underlying factor contributing to photoreceptor loss. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic pathways essential to photoreceptor health and function is key to identifying novel neuroprotective strategies. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (Got1) encodes for a cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase that reversibly catalyzes the transfer of an amino group between glutamate and aspartate and is an important aspect of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), which transfers reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix. Previous work has demonstrated that the activity of this enzyme is highest in photoreceptor inner segments. Furthermore, ex vivo studies have demonstrated that the retina relies on aspartate aminotransferase for amino acid metabolism. Importantly, aspartate aminotransferase has been suggested to be an early biomarker of retinal degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa and a possible target for neuroprotection. In the present study, we characterized the effect of Got1 deletion on photoreceptor metabolism, function, and survival in vivo by using a rod photoreceptor-specific, Got1 knockout mouse model. Loss of the GOT1 enzyme from rod photoreceptors resulted in age-related photoreceptor degeneration with an accumulation of retinal aspartate and NADH and alterations in the expression of genes involved in the MAS, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and redox balance. Hence, GOT1 is critical to in vivo photoreceptor metabolism, function, and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Subramanya
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Moloy T. Goswami
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eric Weh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sraboni Chaudhury
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Heather Hager
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine M. Weh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cagri G. Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thomas J. Wubben
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meng HH, Liu WY, Zhao WL, Zheng Q, Wang JS. Study on the acute toxicity of trichlorfon and its breakdown product dichlorvos to goldfish (Carassius auratus) based on 1H NMR metabonomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125664-125676. [PMID: 38001290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Trichlorfon, one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides, is commonly employed in aquaculture and agriculture to combat parasitic infestations. However, its inherent instability leads to rapid decomposition into dichlorvos (DDVP), increasing its toxicity by eightfold. Therefore, the environmental effects of trichlorfon in real-world scenarios involve the combined effects of trichlorfon and its degradation product, DDVP. In this study, we systematically investigated the degradation of trichlorfon in tap water over time using HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis. Subsequently, an experiment was conducted to assess the acute toxicity of trichlorfon and DDVP on goldfish (Carassius auratus), employing a 1H NMR-based metabolic approach in conjunction with serum biochemistry, histopathological inspection, and correlation network analysis. Exposure to trichlorfon and its degradation product DDVP leads to increased lipid peroxidation, reduced antioxidant activity, and severe hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in goldfish. Based on the observed pathological changes and metabolite alterations, short-term exposure to trichlorfon significantly affected the liver and kidney functions of goldfish, while exerting minimal influence on the brain, potentially due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. The changes in the metabolic profile indicated that trichlorfon and DDVP influenced several pathways, including oxidative stress, protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and nucleic acid metabolism. This study demonstrated the applicability and potential of 1H NMR-based metabonomics in pesticide environmental risk assessment, providing a feasible method for the comprehensive study of pesticide toxicity in water environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Meng
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wen-Ya Liu
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wen-Long Zhao
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Linder SJ, Bernasocchi T, Martínez-Pastor B, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Lewis CA, Ferrer CM, Boon R, Silveira GG, Cho HM, Vidoudez C, Shroff S, Oliveira-Costa JP, Ross KN, Massri R, Matoba Y, Kim E, Rueda BR, Stott SL, Gottlieb E, Espinosa JM, Mostoslavsky R. Inhibition of the proline metabolism rate-limiting enzyme P5CS allows proliferation of glutamine-restricted cancer cells. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2131-2147. [PMID: 37957387 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine is a critical metabolite for rapidly proliferating cells as it is used for the synthesis of key metabolites necessary for cell growth and proliferation. Glutamine metabolism has been proposed as a therapeutic target in cancer and several chemical inhibitors are in development or in clinical trials. How cells subsist when glutamine is limiting is poorly understood. Here, using an unbiased screen, we identify ALDH18A1, which encodes P5CS, the rate-limiting enzyme in the proline biosynthetic pathway, as a gene that cells can downregulate in response to glutamine starvation. Notably, P5CS downregulation promotes de novo glutamine synthesis, highlighting a previously unrecognized metabolic plasticity of cancer cells. The glutamate conserved from reducing proline synthesis allows cells to produce the key metabolites necessary for cell survival and proliferation under glutamine-restricted conditions. Our findings reveal an adaptive pathway that cancer cells acquire under nutrient stress, identifying proline biosynthesis as a previously unrecognized major consumer of glutamate, a pathway that could be exploited for developing effective metabolism-driven anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Linder
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiziano Bernasocchi
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Bárbara Martínez-Pastor
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- The Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Ferrer
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruben Boon
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Galapagos de Wittelaan, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Giorgia G Silveira
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyo Min Cho
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Stuti Shroff
- Department of Pathology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao P Oliveira-Costa
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth N Ross
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rami Massri
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yusuke Matoba
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon L Stott
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, The Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Choudhury M, Schaefbauer KJ, Kottom TJ, Yi ES, Tschumperlin DJ, Limper AH. Targeting Pulmonary Fibrosis by SLC1A5-Dependent Glutamine Transport Blockade. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:441-455. [PMID: 37459644 PMCID: PMC10557918 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0339oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The neutral amino acid glutamine plays a central role in TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)-induced myofibroblast activation and differentiation. Cells take up glutamine mainly through a transporter expressed on the cell surface known as solute carrier SLC1A5 (solute carrier transporter 1A5). In the present work, we demonstrated that profibrotic actions of TGF-β are mediated, at least in part, through a metabolic maladaptation of SLC1A5 and that targeting SLC1A5 abrogates multiple facets of fibroblast activation. This approach could thus represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat patients with fibroproliferative diseases. We found that SLC1A5 was highly expressed in fibrotic lung fibroblasts and fibroblasts isolated from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lungs. The expression of profibrotic targets, cell migration, and anchorage-independent growth by TGF-β required the activity of SLC1A5. Loss or inhibition of SLC1A5 function enhanced fibroblast susceptibility to autophagy; suppressed mTOR, HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor), and Myc signaling; and impaired mitochondrial function, ATP production, and glycolysis. Pharmacological inhibition of SLC1A5 by the small-molecule inhibitor V-9302 shifted fibroblast transcriptional profiles from profibrotic to fibrosis resolving and attenuated fibrosis in a bleomycin-treated mouse model of lung fibrosis. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to demonstrate the utility of a pharmacological inhibitor of glutamine transport in fibrosis, providing a framework for new paradigm-shifting therapies targeting cellular metabolism for this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malay Choudhury
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Kyle J. Schaefbauer
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Theodore J. Kottom
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Eunhee S. Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J. Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Science, and
| | - Andrew H. Limper
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang J, Zhang L, Qiao W, Luo Y. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e353. [PMID: 37674971 PMCID: PMC10477518 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern in the 21st century, especially due to drug resistance, coinfection with diseases like immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and coronavirus disease 2019, and the lengthy and costly treatment protocols. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of TB infection, therapeutic targets, and corresponding modulators, including first-line medications, current clinical trial drugs and molecules in preclinical assessment. Understanding the mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and important biological targets can lead to innovative treatments. While most antitubercular agents target pathogen-related processes, host-directed therapy (HDT) modalities addressing immune defense, survival mechanisms, and immunopathology also hold promise. Mtb's adaptation to the human host involves manipulating host cellular mechanisms, and HDT aims to disrupt this manipulation to enhance treatment effectiveness. Our review provides valuable insights for future anti-TB drug development efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Yang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Laiying Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Lung Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Youfu Luo
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Holeček M. Aspartic Acid in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4023. [PMID: 37764806 PMCID: PMC10536334 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartic acid exists in L- and D-isoforms (L-Asp and D-Asp). Most L-Asp is synthesized by mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from oxaloacetate and glutamate acquired by glutamine deamidation, particularly in the liver and tumor cells, and transamination of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly in muscles. The main source of D-Asp is the racemization of L-Asp. L-Asp transported via aspartate-glutamate carrier to the cytosol is used in protein and nucleotide synthesis, gluconeogenesis, urea, and purine-nucleotide cycles, and neurotransmission and via the malate-aspartate shuttle maintains NADH delivery to mitochondria and redox balance. L-Asp released from neurons connects with the glutamate-glutamine cycle and ensures glycolysis and ammonia detoxification in astrocytes. D-Asp has a role in brain development and hypothalamus regulation. The hereditary disorders in L-Asp metabolism include citrullinemia, asparagine synthetase deficiency, Canavan disease, and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria. L-Asp plays a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric and neurologic disorders and alterations in BCAA levels in diabetes and hyperammonemia. Further research is needed to examine the targeting of L-Asp metabolism as a strategy to fight cancer, the use of L-Asp as a dietary supplement, and the risks of increased L-Asp consumption. The role of D-Asp in the brain warrants studies on its therapeutic potential in psychiatric and neurologic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cortellino S, Longo VD. Metabolites and Immune Response in Tumor Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3898. [PMID: 37568713 PMCID: PMC10417674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The remodeled cancer cell metabolism affects the tumor microenvironment and promotes an immunosuppressive state by changing the levels of macro- and micronutrients and by releasing hormones and cytokines that recruit immunosuppressive immune cells. Novel dietary interventions such as amino acid restriction and periodic fasting mimicking diets can prevent or dampen the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment by acting systemically on the release of hormones and growth factors, inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and remodeling the tumor vasculature and extracellular matrix. Here, we discuss the latest research on the effects of these therapeutic interventions on immunometabolism and tumor immune response and future scenarios pertaining to how dietary interventions could contribute to cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cortellino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
| | - Valter D. Longo
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Moretton A, Kourtis S, Gañez Zapater A, Calabrò C, Espinar Calvo ML, Fontaine F, Darai E, Abad Cortel E, Block S, Pascual‐Reguant L, Pardo‐Lorente N, Ghose R, Vander Heiden MG, Janic A, Müller AC, Loizou JI, Sdelci S. A metabolic map of the DNA damage response identifies PRDX1 in the control of nuclear ROS scavenging and aspartate availability. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e11267. [PMID: 37259925 PMCID: PMC10333845 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While cellular metabolism impacts the DNA damage response, a systematic understanding of the metabolic requirements that are crucial for DNA damage repair has yet to be achieved. Here, we investigate the metabolic enzymes and processes that are essential for the resolution of DNA damage. By integrating functional genomics with chromatin proteomics and metabolomics, we provide a detailed description of the interplay between cellular metabolism and the DNA damage response. Further analysis identified that Peroxiredoxin 1, PRDX1, contributes to the DNA damage repair. During the DNA damage response, PRDX1 translocates to the nucleus where it reduces DNA damage-induced nuclear reactive oxygen species. Moreover, PRDX1 loss lowers aspartate availability, which is required for the DNA damage-induced upregulation of de novo nucleotide synthesis. In the absence of PRDX1, cells accumulate replication stress and DNA damage, leading to proliferation defects that are exacerbated in the presence of etoposide, thus revealing a role for PRDX1 as a DNA damage surveillance factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Moretton
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Savvas Kourtis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Antoni Gañez Zapater
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Chiara Calabrò
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Frédéric Fontaine
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Evangelia Darai
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Etna Abad Cortel
- Department of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Samuel Block
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Laura Pascual‐Reguant
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Natalia Pardo‐Lorente
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ritobrata Ghose
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Dana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Ana Janic
- Department of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - André C Müller
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Joanna I Loizou
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Sara Sdelci
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Holeček M. Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (citrin): a role in glucose and amino acid metabolism in the liver. BMB Rep 2023; 56:385-391. [PMID: 37254569 PMCID: PMC10390287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (AGC2, citrin) is a mitochondrial carrier expressed in the liver that transports aspartate from mitochondria into the cytosol in exchange for glutamate. The AGC2 is the main component of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) that ensures indirect transport of NADH produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, lactate oxidation to pyruvate, and ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde into mitochondria. Through MAS, AGC2 is necessary to maintain intracellular redox balance, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Through elevated cytosolic Ca2+ level, the AGC2 is stimulated by catecholamines and glucagon during starvation, exercise, and muscle wasting disorders. In these conditions, AGC2 increases aspartate input to the urea cycle, where aspartate is a source of one of two nitrogen atoms in the urea molecule (the other is ammonia), and a substrate for the synthesis of fumarate that is gradually converted to oxaloacetate, the starting substrate for gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, aspartate is a substrate for the synthesis of asparagine, nucleotides, and proteins. It is concluded that AGC2 plays a fundamental role in the compartmentalization of aspartate and glutamate metabolism and linkage of the reactions of MAS, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, urea cycle, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation. Targeting of AGC genes may represent a new therapeutic strategy to fight cancer. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(7): 385-391].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Holeček M. Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (citrin): a role in glucose and amino acid metabolism in the liver. BMB Rep 2023; 56:385-391. [PMID: 37254569 PMCID: PMC10390287 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (AGC2, citrin) is a mitochondrial carrier expressed in the liver that transports aspartate from mitochondria into the cytosol in exchange for glutamate. The AGC2 is the main component of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) that ensures indirect transport of NADH produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, lactate oxidation to pyruvate, and ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde into mitochondria. Through MAS, AGC2 is necessary to maintain intracellular redox balance, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Through elevated cytosolic Ca2+ level, the AGC2 is stimulated by catecholamines and glucagon during starvation, exercise, and muscle wasting disorders. In these conditions, AGC2 increases aspartate input to the urea cycle, where aspartate is a source of one of two nitrogen atoms in the urea molecule (the other is ammonia), and a substrate for the synthesis of fumarate that is gradually converted to oxaloacetate, the starting substrate for gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, aspartate is a substrate for the synthesis of asparagine, nucleotides, and proteins. It is concluded that AGC2 plays a fundamental role in the compartmentalization of aspartate and glutamate metabolism and linkage of the reactions of MAS, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, urea cycle, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation. Targeting of AGC genes may represent a new therapeutic strategy to fight cancer. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(7): 385-391].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiménez-Alonso JJ, López-Lázaro M. Dietary Manipulation of Amino Acids for Cancer Therapy. Nutrients 2023; 15:2879. [PMID: 37447206 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells cannot proliferate and survive unless they obtain sufficient levels of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids (AAs). Unlike normal cells, cancer cells have genetic and metabolic alterations that may limit their capacity to obtain adequate levels of the 20 AAs in challenging metabolic environments. However, since normal diets provide all AAs at relatively constant levels and ratios, these potentially lethal genetic and metabolic defects are eventually harmless to cancer cells. If we temporarily replace the normal diet of cancer patients with artificial diets in which the levels of specific AAs are manipulated, cancer cells may be unable to proliferate and survive. This article reviews in vivo studies that have evaluated the antitumor activity of diets restricted in or supplemented with the 20 proteinogenic AAs, individually and in combination. It also reviews our recent studies that show that manipulating the levels of several AAs simultaneously can lead to marked survival improvements in mice with metastatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang C, Zhao Y, Wang L, Guo Z, Ma L, Yang R, Wu Y, Li X, Niu J, Chu Q, Fu Y, Li B. De novo pyrimidine biosynthetic complexes support cancer cell proliferation and ferroptosis defence. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:836-847. [PMID: 37291265 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is achieved by cytosolic carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase II, aspartate transcarbamylase and dihydroorotase (CAD) and uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase (UMPS), and mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). However, how these enzymes are orchestrated remains enigmatical. Here we show that cytosolic glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 clusters with CAD and UMPS, and this complex then connects with DHODH, which is mediated by the mitochondrial outer membrane protein voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3. Therefore, these proteins form a multi-enzyme complex, named 'pyrimidinosome', involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a regulator. Activated AMPK dissociates from the complex to enhance pyrimidinosome assembly but inactivated UMPS, which promotes DHODH-mediated ferroptosis defence. Meanwhile, cancer cells with lower expression of AMPK are more reliant on pyrimidinosome-mediated UMP biosynthesis and more vulnerable to its inhibition. Our findings reveal the role of pyrimidinosome in regulating pyrimidine flux and ferroptosis, and suggest a pharmaceutical strategy of targeting pyrimidinosome in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiliang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zihao Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingdi Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghui Yang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexue Li
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aragoneses-Cazorla G, Vallet-Regí M, Gómez-Gómez MM, González B, Luque-Garcia JL. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveals the biomolecular mechanisms associated to the antitumoral potential of a novel silver-based core@shell nanosystem. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:132. [PMID: 36914921 PMCID: PMC10011303 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
A combination of omics techniques (transcriptomics and metabolomics) has been used to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the antitumor action of a nanosystem based on a Ag core coated with mesoporous silica on which transferrin has been anchored as a targeting ligand against tumor cells (Ag@MSNs-Tf). Transcriptomics analysis has been carried out by gene microarrays and RT-qPCR, while high-resolution mass spectrometry has been used for metabolomics. This multi-omics strategy has enabled the discovery of the effect of this nanosystem on different key molecular pathways including the glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, the oxidative phosphorylation and the synthesis of fatty acids, among others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Aragoneses-Cazorla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (I+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Saragossa, Spain
| | - Ma Milagros Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca González
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (I+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Saragossa, Spain
| | - Jose L Luque-Garcia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Neumann CJ, Mahnert A, Kumpitsch C, Kiu R, Dalby MJ, Kujawska M, Madl T, Kurath-Koller S, Urlesberger B, Resch B, Hall LJ, Moissl-Eichinger C. Clinical NEC prevention practices drive different microbiome profiles and functional responses in the preterm intestine. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1349. [PMID: 36906612 PMCID: PMC10008552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants with very low birthweight are at serious risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. To functionally analyse the principles of three successful preventive NEC regimens, we characterize fecal samples of 55 infants (<1500 g, n = 383, female = 22) longitudinally (two weeks) with respect to gut microbiome profiles (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses; targeted 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics), microbial function, virulence factors, antibiotic resistances and metabolic profiles, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and short-chain fatty acids (German Registry of Clinical Trials, No.: DRKS00009290). Regimens including probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis NCDO 2203 supplementation affect microbiome development globally, pointing toward the genomic potential to convert HMOs. Engraftment of NCDO 2203 is associated with a substantial reduction of microbiome-associated antibiotic resistance as compared to regimens using probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus LCR 35 or no supplementation. Crucially, the beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis NCDO 2203 supplementation depends on simultaneous feeding with HMOs. We demonstrate that preventive regimens have the highest impact on development and maturation of the gastrointestinal microbiome, enabling the establishment of a resilient microbial ecosystem that reduces pathogenic threats in at-risk preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Neumann
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine; Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, 8010, Austria
| | - Alexander Mahnert
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine; Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, 8010, Austria
| | - Christina Kumpitsch
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine; Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, 8010, Austria
| | - Raymond Kiu
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Magdalena Kujawska
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health; Technical University of Munich, Freising, Bavaria, 85354, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Styria, 8010, Austria
| | - Stefan Kurath-Koller
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, 8036, Austria
| | - Berndt Urlesberger
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, 8036, Austria
- Research Unit for Neonatal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, 8036, Austria
| | - Bernhard Resch
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, 8036, Austria.
- Research Unit for Neonatal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, 8036, Austria.
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health; Technical University of Munich, Freising, Bavaria, 85354, Germany
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine; Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, 8010, Austria.
- BioTechMed, Graz, Styria, 8010, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Steidl ME, Nigro EA, Nielsen AK, Pagliarini R, Cassina L, Lampis M, Podrini C, Chiaravalli M, Mannella V, Distefano G, Yang M, Aslanyan M, Musco G, Roepman R, Frezza C, Boletta A. Primary cilia sense glutamine availability and respond via asparagine synthetase. Nat Metab 2023; 5:385-397. [PMID: 36879119 PMCID: PMC10042734 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Depriving cells of nutrients triggers an energetic crisis, which is resolved by metabolic rewiring and organelle reorganization. Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles at the cell surface, capable of integrating multiple metabolic and signalling cues, but their precise sensory function is not fully understood. Here we show that primary cilia respond to nutrient availability and adjust their length via glutamine-mediated anaplerosis facilitated by asparagine synthetase (ASNS). Nutrient deprivation causes cilia elongation, mediated by reduced mitochondrial function, ATP availability and AMPK activation independently of mTORC1. Of note, glutamine removal and replenishment is necessary and sufficient to induce ciliary elongation or retraction, respectively, under nutrient stress conditions both in vivo and in vitro by restoring mitochondrial anaplerosis via ASNS-dependent glutamate generation. Ift88-mutant cells lacking cilia show reduced glutamine-dependent mitochondrial anaplerosis during metabolic stress, due to reduced expression and activity of ASNS at the base of cilia. Our data indicate a role for cilia in responding to, and possibly sensing, cellular glutamine levels via ASNS during metabolic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Steidl
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Ph.D Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa A Nigro
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne Kallehauge Nielsen
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Ph.D Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pagliarini
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cassina
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Lampis
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Podrini
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Chiaravalli
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Mannella
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Distefano
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ming Yang
- MRC, Cancer Unit Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CECAD Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mariam Aslanyan
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC, Cancer Unit Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CECAD Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessandra Boletta
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dynamic Metabolic and Transcriptional Responses of Proteasome-Inhibited Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010164. [PMID: 36671027 PMCID: PMC9854434 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition is associated with parkinsonian pathology in vivo and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in vitro. We explored here the metabolome (386 metabolites) and transcriptome (3257 transcripts) regulations of human LUHMES neurons, following exposure to MG-132 [100 nM]. This proteasome inhibitor killed cells within 24 h but did not reduce viability for 12 h. Overall, 206 metabolites were changed in live neurons. The early (3 h) metabolome changes suggested a compromised energy metabolism. For instance, AMP, NADH and lactate were up-regulated, while glycolytic and citric acid cycle intermediates were down-regulated. At later time points, glutathione-related metabolites were up-regulated, most likely by an early oxidative stress response and activation of NRF2/ATF4 target genes. The transcriptome pattern confirmed proteostatic stress (fast up-regulation of proteasome subunits) and also suggested the progressive activation of additional stress response pathways. The early ones (e.g., HIF-1, NF-kB, HSF-1) can be considered a cytoprotective cellular counter-regulation, which maintained cell viability. For instance, a very strong up-regulation of AIFM2 (=FSP1) may have prevented fast ferroptotic death. For most of the initial period, a definite life-death decision was not taken, as neurons could be rescued for at least 10 h after the start of proteasome inhibition. Late responses involved p53 activation and catabolic processes such as a loss of pyrimidine synthesis intermediates. We interpret this as a phase of co-occurrence of protective and maladaptive cellular changes. Altogether, this combined metabolomics-transcriptomics analysis informs on responses triggered in neurons by proteasome dysfunction that may be targeted by novel therapeutic intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
27
|
Role of Mitochondrial Transporters on Metabolic Rewiring of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020411. [PMID: 36672360 PMCID: PMC9857038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest cancers worldwide and commonly presents as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of PDAC. Glucose and glutamine metabolism are extensively rewired in order to fulfil both energetic and synthetic demands of this aggressive tumour and maintain favorable redox homeostasis. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), the glutamine carrier (SLC1A5_Var), the glutamate carrier (GC), the aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC), and the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) have all been shown to influence PDAC cell growth and progression. The expression of MPC is downregulated in PDAC and its overexpression reduces cell growth rate, whereas the other four transporters are usually overexpressed and the loss of one or more of them renders PDAC cells unable to grow and proliferate by altering the levels of crucial metabolites such as aspartate. The aim of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the current experimental evidence about the function of these carriers in PDAC metabolic rewiring. Dissecting the precise role of these transporters in the context of the tumour microenvironment is necessary for targeted drug development.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wolfschmitt EM, Hogg M, Vogt JA, Zink F, Wachter U, Hezel F, Zhang X, Hoffmann A, Gröger M, Hartmann C, Gässler H, Datzmann T, Merz T, Hellmann A, Kranz C, Calzia E, Radermacher P, Messerer DAC. The effect of sodium thiosulfate on immune cell metabolism during porcine hemorrhage and resuscitation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125594. [PMID: 36911662 PMCID: PMC9996035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), an H2S releasing agent, was shown to be organ-protective in experimental hemorrhage. Systemic inflammation activates immune cells, which in turn show cell type-specific metabolic plasticity with modifications of mitochondrial respiratory activity. Since H2S can dose-dependently stimulate or inhibit mitochondrial respiration, we investigated the effect of Na2S2O3 on immune cell metabolism in a blinded, randomized, controlled, long-term, porcine model of hemorrhage and resuscitation. For this purpose, we developed a Bayesian sampling-based model for 13C isotope metabolic flux analysis (MFA) utilizing 1,2-13C2-labeled glucose, 13C6-labeled glucose, and 13C5-labeled glutamine tracers. Methods After 3 h of hemorrhage, anesthetized and surgically instrumented swine underwent resuscitation up to a maximum of 68 h. At 2 h of shock, animals randomly received vehicle or Na2S2O3 (25 mg/kg/h for 2 h, thereafter 100 mg/kg/h until 24 h after shock). At three time points (prior to shock, 24 h post shock and 64 h post shock) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and granulocytes were isolated from whole blood, and cells were investigated regarding mitochondrial oxygen consumption (high resolution respirometry), reactive oxygen species production (electron spin resonance) and fluxes within the metabolic network (stable isotope-based MFA). Results PBMCs showed significantly higher mitochondrial O2 uptake and lower O 2 • - production in comparison to granulocytes. We found that in response to Na2S2O3 administration, PBMCs but not granulocytes had an increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption combined with a transient reduction of the citrate synthase flux and an increase of acetyl-CoA channeled into other compartments, e.g., for lipid biogenesis. Conclusion In a porcine model of hemorrhage and resuscitation, Na2S2O3 administration led to increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption combined with stimulation of lipid biogenesis in PBMCs. In contrast, granulocytes remained unaffected. Granulocytes, on the other hand, remained unaffected. O 2 • - concentration in whole blood remained constant during shock and resuscitation, indicating a sufficient anti-oxidative capacity. Overall, our MFA model seems to be is a promising approach for investigating immunometabolism; especially when combined with complementary methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Wolfschmitt
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Hogg
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Albert Vogt
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zink
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wachter
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Hezel
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Gröger
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clair Hartmann
- Clinic for Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Gässler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Datzmann
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Clinic for Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Hellmann
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Alexander Christian Messerer
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Clinic for Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
De Falco P, Lazzarino G, Felice F, Desideri E, Castelli S, Salvatori I, Ciccarone F, Ciriolo MR. Hindering NAT8L expression in hepatocellular carcinoma increases cytosolic aspartate delivery that fosters pentose phosphate pathway and purine biosynthesis promoting cell proliferation. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102585. [PMID: 36580805 PMCID: PMC9813579 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is synthesized by the mitochondrial enzyme NAT8L, which uses acetyl-CoA and aspartate as substrates. These metabolites are fundamental for bioenergetics and anabolic requirements of highly proliferating cells, thus, NAT8L modulation may impinge on the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. Specifically, aspartate represents a limiting amino acid for nucleotide synthesis in cancer. Here, the expression of the NAT8L enzyme was modulated to verify how it impacts the metabolic adaptations and proliferative capacity of hepatocellular carcinoma. We demonstrated that NAT8L downregulation is associated with increased proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and immortalized hepatocytes. The overexpression of NAT8L instead decreased cell growth. The pro-tumoral effect of NAT8L silencing depended on glutamine oxidation and the rewiring of glucose metabolism. Mechanistically, NAT8L downregulation triggers aspartate outflow from mitochondria via the exporter SLC25A13 to promote glucose flux into the pentose phosphate pathway, boosting purine biosynthesis. These results were corroborated by the analyses of human and mouse hepatocellular carcinoma samples revealing a decrease in NAT8L expression compared to adjacent non-tumoral tissues. Overall, this work demonstrates that NAT8L expression in liver cells limits the cytosolic availability of aspartate necessary for enhancing the pentose phosphate pathway and purine biosynthesis, counteracting cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela De Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Felice
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Desideri
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Castelli
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Illari Salvatori
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00143, Italy,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lai YC, Lin G, Ho KC, Lu KY, Tsai CK, Hung CY, Yeh TS. Aspartate and Acetate Fuel Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Beyond the Warburg Effect. ANNALS OF SURGERY OPEN 2022; 3:e224. [PMID: 37600289 PMCID: PMC10406007 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is closely linked to the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Mapping the metabolic orbit of GISTs is a prerequisite if intervention against the metabolic vulnerability of refractory GISTs is desirable. Methods A total of 43 patients with treatment-naïve GISTs who had undergone surgical resections were enrolled, on whom a metabolomics profile detected from surgical specimens was constructed based on the 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platform. The mRNA and protein levels of GLUT1, HK2, ACSS2, and FASN were assayed. Dual-tracer 18F-FDG/11C-acetate PET imaging was introduced before surgery in 15 patients. Results 1H-NMR-based metabolomics revealed that GISTs were characterized by upregulation of glutamate, ascorbate, aspartate and glycine and downregulation of choline, creatine, glucose and glycerol. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the TCA cycle and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were the two leading pathways. High- and nonhigh-risk (including intermediate-, low-, and very low-risk) GISTs preferentially displayed upregulation of HK2 and ACSS2, respectively, echoed by in vivo imaging that high- and nonhigh-risk GISTs preferentially exhibited higher uptake of 18F-FDG and 11C-acetate, respectively, while 18F-FDG and 11C-acetate were complementary to each other. Nuclear ACSS2 was exclusively identified in high-risk GISTs. Conclusion We describe a metabolic landscape of GISTs that read aspartate as a de facto "oncometabolite," which was replenished via the TCA cycle and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Glycolysis and ACSS2-mediated acetate metabolism competed and complemented fatty acid synthesis, although glycolysis remained an aggressive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chieh Lai
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chu Ho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lu
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kun Tsai
- Department of Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Hung
- Department of Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ngamkham J, Siritutsoontorn S, Saisomboon S, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Jitrapakdee S. CRISPR Cas9-mediated ablation of pyruvate carboxylase gene in colon cancer cell line HT-29 inhibits growth and migration, induces apoptosis and increases sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and glutaminase inhibitor. Front Oncol 2022; 12:966089. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.966089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is an important anaplerotic enzyme that replenishes the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates. It prevents the collapse of the TCA cycle upon its intermediates are removed during high anabolic demand. We have recently shown that overexpression of PC protein was associated with staging, metastasis and poor survival of colorectal cancer patients. Herein, we generated the PC knockout (PC KO) colon cancer cell lines, HT-29, by CRISPR-Cas9 technique, as a model to understand the role of this enzyme in colorectal cancer. The PC KO HT-29 cell lines had no detectable PC protein and did not show abnormal cellular or nuclear structures. However, PC KO HT-29 cells showed a 50-60% reduction in their growth rate and a 60-70% reduction in migration. The deficient growth phenotype of PC KO HT-29 cells was associated with apoptotic induction with no apparent cell cycle disruption following five days of growth. Down-regulation of key lipogenic enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 and fatty acid synthase, was also associated with growth inhibition, suggesting that the de novo lipogenesis is impaired. Furthermore, PC KO HT-29 cells were 50% and 60% more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil and glutaminase inhibitor, CB-839, at their IC50 concentrations, respectively, following 48 h exposure. The increased cytotoxicity of CB-839 to PC KO HT-29 cells was associated with increased poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. However, this was not observed with PC KO cells exposed to 5-fluorouracil, suggesting that PC KO HT-29 cells were prone to CB-839-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that ablation of PC expression in HT-29 cells disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of cells and inhibits proliferation and migration, accompanied by apoptotic induction. This study highlights the crucial role of PC in supporting the survival of HT-29 cells during exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
|
32
|
Do BT, Vander Heiden MG. GOT2 consider the tumor microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:884-886. [PMID: 36153305 PMCID: PMC9671779 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To thrive in a hypoxic and nutrient-limited tumor microenvironment, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells rewire their metabolism. Understanding PDAC cell metabolism may uncover vulnerabilities that can be targeted for improved therapy. Three recent studies find that the PDAC tumor microenvironment modulates the functional consequences of depleting the mitochondrially localized aspartate transaminase GOT2, thus providing new insights into the metabolism of this lethal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Do
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rebsamen M, Girardi E, Sedlyarov V, Scorzoni S, Papakostas K, Vollert M, Konecka J, Guertl B, Klavins K, Wiedmer T, Superti-Furga G. Gain-of-function genetic screens in human cells identify SLC transporters overcoming environmental nutrient restrictions. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201404. [PMID: 36114003 PMCID: PMC9481932 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present a CRISPRa-based gain-of-function approach to systematically uncover solute carriers sustaining cellular fitness upon limiting amino acid concentrations. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters control fluxes of nutrients and metabolites across membranes and thereby represent a critical interface between the microenvironment and cellular and subcellular metabolism. Because of substantial functional overlap, the interplay and relative contributions of SLCs in response to environmental stresses remain poorly elucidated. To infer functional relationships between SLCs and metabolites, we developed a strategy to identify SLCs able to sustain cell viability and proliferation under growth-limiting concentrations of essential nutrients. One-by-one depletion of 13 amino acids required for cell proliferation enabled gain-of-function genetic screens using a SLC-focused CRISPR/Cas9–based transcriptional activation approach to uncover transporters relieving cells from growth-limiting metabolic bottlenecks. Among the transporters identified, we characterized the cationic amino acid transporter SLC7A3 as a gene that, when up-regulated, overcame low availability of arginine and lysine by increasing their uptake, whereas SLC7A5 was able to sustain cellular fitness upon deprivation of several neutral amino acids. Moreover, we identified metabolic compensation mediated by the glutamate/aspartate transporters SLC1A2 and SLC1A3 under glutamine-limiting conditions. Overall, this gain-of-function approach using human cells uncovered functional transporter-nutrient relationships and revealed that transport activity up-regulation may be sufficient to overcome environmental metabolic restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Rebsamen
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Girardi
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefania Scorzoni
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantinos Papakostas
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Vollert
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Justyna Konecka
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Guertl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tiwari R, Bommi PV, Gao P, Schipma MJ, Zhou Y, Quaggin SE, Chandel NS, Kapitsinou PP. Chemical inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases impairs angiogenic competence of human vascular endothelium through metabolic reprogramming. iScience 2022; 25:105086. [PMID: 36157579 PMCID: PMC9494243 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism has emerged as a driver of angiogenesis. While hypoxia inactivates the oxygen sensors prolyl-4 hydroxylase domain-containing proteins 1-3 (PHD1-3) and stimulates angiogenesis, the effects of PHDs on EC functions remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated the impact of chemical PHD inhibition by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) on angiogenic competence and metabolism of human vascular ECs. DMOG reduced EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation capacities, responses that were associated with an unfavorable metabolic reprogramming. While glycolytic genes were induced, multiple genes encoding sub-units of mitochondrial complex I were suppressed with concurrent decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels. Importantly, the DMOG-induced defects in EC migration could be partially rescued by augmenting NAD+ levels through nicotinamide riboside or citrate supplementation. In summary, by integrating functional assays, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, we provide insights into the effects of PHD inhibition on angiogenic competence and metabolism of human vascular ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Tiwari
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Superior Street, SQBRC 8-408, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Prashant V. Bommi
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Superior Street, SQBRC 8-408, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J. Schipma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Superior Street, SQBRC 8-408, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Superior Street, SQBRC 8-408, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pinelopi P. Kapitsinou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Superior Street, SQBRC 8-408, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang Y, Stancliffe E, Fowle-Grider R, Wang R, Wang C, Schwaiger-Haber M, Shriver LP, Patti GJ. Saturation of the mitochondrial NADH shuttles drives aerobic glycolysis in proliferating cells. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3270-3283.e9. [PMID: 35973426 PMCID: PMC10134440 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proliferating cells exhibit a metabolic phenotype known as "aerobic glycolysis," which is characterized by an elevated rate of glucose fermentation to lactate irrespective of oxygen availability. Although several theories have been proposed, a rationalization for why proliferating cells seemingly waste glucose carbon by excreting it as lactate remains elusive. Using the NCI-60 cell lines, we determined that lactate excretion is strongly correlated with the activity of mitochondrial NADH shuttles, but not proliferation. Quantifying the fluxes of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle (G3PS), and lactate dehydrogenase under various conditions demonstrated that proliferating cells primarily transform glucose to lactate when glycolysis outpaces the mitochondrial NADH shuttles. Increasing mitochondrial NADH shuttle fluxes decreased glucose fermentation but did not reduce the proliferation rate. Our results reveal that glucose fermentation, a hallmark of cancer, is a secondary consequence of MAS and G3PS saturation rather than a unique metabolic driver of cellular proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ethan Stancliffe
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ronald Fowle-Grider
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rencheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michaela Schwaiger-Haber
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Leah P Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gu X, Wang W, Yang Y, Lei Y, Liu D, Wang X, Wu T. The Effect of Metabolites on Mitochondrial Functions in the Pathogenesis of Skeletal Muscle Aging. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1275-1295. [PMID: 36033236 PMCID: PMC9416380 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s376668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related systemic disease characterized by skeletal muscle aging that generally severely affects the quality of life of elderly patients. Metabolomics analysis is a powerful tool for qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing the small molecule metabolomics of various biological matrices in order to clarify all key scientific problems concerning cell metabolism. The discovery of optimal therapy requires a thorough understanding of the cellular metabolic mechanism of skeletal muscle aging. In this review, the relationship between skeletal muscle mitochondria, amino acid, vitamin, lipid, adipokines, intestinal microbiota and vascular microenvironment has been separately reviewed from the perspective of metabolomics, and a new therapeutic direction has been suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Lei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells (GSCs) with Mesenchymal Signature: Lipid Profiles of Mobile Lipids Obtained with MRS before and after Radio/Chemical Treatments. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081051. [PMID: 36008944 PMCID: PMC9405836 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) promote and are responsible for glioblastoma intratumoral heterogeneity and therapy resistance, due to their two main features: self-renewal and differentiation. Lipids have important biological and physiological functions that are critical for understanding the regulation and control of stem cell fate; lipid metabolism and related unsaturation levels play a possible role as the target of therapeutics to overcome glioblastoma radioresistance. This paper aimed at an in-depth analysis of 13 GSC mesenchymal (MES) lines, two subclones, and a stabilized glioblastoma line (T98G) by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Particularly, 2D MRS was used to investigate lipid unsaturation behavior during growth in culture and after treatment with etomoxir and photon beams. MES lines, although belonging to the same genetic and metabolic cluster, showed metabolic heterogeneity when observed by MRS, focusing on lipid signals. Nonetheless, the observed unsaturation level stability for two representative lines after stressful treatments suggests unusual robustness of the unsaturation levels for each line, as a peculiar and intrinsic characteristic of GSCs.
Collapse
|
38
|
O-GlcNAcylation promotes pancreatic tumor growth by regulating malate dehydrogenase 1. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1087-1095. [PMID: 35879546 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic Kras-activated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells highly rely on an unconventional glutamine catabolic pathway to sustain cell growth. However, little is known about how this pathway is regulated. Here we demonstrate that Kras mutation induces cellular O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a prevalent form of protein glycosylation. Malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1), a key enzyme in the glutamine catabolic pathway, is positively regulated by O-GlcNAcylation on serine 189 (S189). Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that S189 glycosylation on monomeric MDH1 enhances the stability of the substrate-binding pocket and strengthens the substrate interactions by serving as a molecular glue. Depletion of O-GlcNAcylation reduces MDH1 activity, impairs glutamine metabolism, sensitizes PDAC cells to oxidative stress, decreases cell proliferation and inhibits tumor growth in nude mice. Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation levels of MDH1 are elevated in clinical PDAC samples. Our study reveals that O-GlcNAcylation contributes to pancreatic cancer growth by regulating the metabolic activity of MDH1.
Collapse
|
39
|
Glutamine Is Required for M1-like Polarization of Macrophages in Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. mBio 2022; 13:e0127422. [PMID: 35762591 PMCID: PMC9426538 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01274-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, macrophages mount proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses similar to those observed in M1 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). A metabolic reprogramming to hypoxia-inducible-factor 1 (HIF-1)-mediated uptake of glucose and its metabolism by glycolysis is required for M1-like polarization, but little is known about other metabolic programs driving the M1-like polarization during infection. We report that glutamine serves as a carbon and nitrogen source for the metabolic reprogramming to M1-like macrophages. Widely targeted metabolite screening identified an association of glutamine and/or glutamate with highly affected metabolic pathways of M1-like macrophages. Moreover, stable isotope-assisted metabolomics of U13C glutamine and U13C glucose revealed that glutamine, rather than glucose, is catabolized in both the oxidative and reductive tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycles of M1-like macrophages, thereby generating signaling molecules that include succinate, biosynthetic precursors such as aspartate, and itaconate. U15N glutamine-tracing metabolomics further revealed participation of glutamine nitrogen in synthesis of intermediates of purine and pyrimidine metabolism plus amino acids, including aspartate. These findings were corroborated by diminished M1 polarization from chemical inhibition of glutaminase (GLS), the key enzyme in the glutaminolysis pathway, and by genetic deletion of GLS in infected macrophages. Thus, the catabolism of glutamine is an integral component of metabolic reprogramming in activating macrophages and it coordinates with elevated cytosolic glycolysis to satisfy the cellular demand for bioenergetic and biosynthetic precursors of M1-like macrophages. Knowledge of these new immunometabolic features of M1-like macrophages should advance the development of host-directed therapies for tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Reinisch I, Klymiuk I, Michenthaler H, Moyschewitz E, Galhuber M, Krstic J, Domingo M, Zhang F, Karbiener M, Vujić N, Kratky D, Schreiber R, Schupp M, Lenihan-Geels G, Schulz TJ, Malli R, Madl T, Prokesch A. p53 Regulates a miRNA-Fructose Transporter Axis in Brown Adipose Tissue Under Fasting. Front Genet 2022; 13:913030. [PMID: 35734423 PMCID: PMC9207587 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.913030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Active thermogenic adipocytes avidly consume energy substrates like fatty acids and glucose to maintain body temperature upon cold exposure. Despite strong evidence for the involvement of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in controlling systemic energy homeostasis upon nutrient excess, it is unclear how the activity of brown adipocytes is regulated in times of nutrient scarcity. Therefore, this study aimed to scrutinize factors that modulate BAT activity to balance thermogenic and energetic needs upon simultaneous fasting and cold stress. For an unbiased view, we performed transcriptomic and miRNA sequencing analyses of BAT from acutely fasted (24 h) mice under mild cold exposure. Combining these data with in-depth bioinformatic analyses and in vitro gain-of-function experiments, we define a previously undescribed axis of p53 inducing miR-92a-1-5p transcription that is highly upregulated by fasting in thermogenic adipocytes. p53, a fasting-responsive transcription factor, was previously shown to control genes involved in the thermogenic program and miR-92a-1-5p was found to negatively correlate with human BAT activity. Here, we identify fructose transporter Slc2a5 as one direct downstream target of this axis and show that fructose can be taken up by and metabolized in brown adipocytes. In sum, this study delineates a fasting-induced pathway involving p53 that transactivates miR-92a-1-5p, which in turn decreases Slc2a5 expression, and suggests fructose as an energy substrate in thermogenic adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Reinisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Klymiuk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helene Michenthaler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Moyschewitz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Galhuber
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Krstic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Magnus Domingo
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Schupp
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgia Lenihan-Geels
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tim J. Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Andreas Prokesch,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reustle A, Menig LS, Leuthold P, Hofmann U, Stühler V, Schmees C, Becker M, Haag M, Klumpp V, Winter S, Büttner FA, Rausch S, Hennenlotter J, Fend F, Scharpf M, Stenzl A, Bedke J, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E. Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase is a promising metabolic drug target for primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e883. [PMID: 35678045 PMCID: PMC9178377 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic enzyme nicotinamide‐N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) is highly expressed in various cancer entities, suggesting tumour‐promoting functions. We systematically investigated NNMT expression and its metabolic interactions in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), a prominent RCC subtype with metabolic alterations, to elucidate its role as a drug target. Methods NNMT expression was assessed in primary ccRCC (n = 134), non‐tumour tissue and ccRCC‐derived metastases (n = 145) by microarray analysis and/or immunohistochemistry. Findings were validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (kidney renal clear cell carcinoma [KIRC], n = 452) and by single‐cell analysis. Expression was correlated with clinicopathological data and survival. Metabolic alterations in NNMT‐depleted cells were assessed by nontargeted/targeted metabolomics and extracellular flux analysis. The NNMT inhibitor (NNMTi) alone and in combination with the inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose for glycolysis and BPTES (bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)ethyl‐sulfide) for glutamine metabolism was investigated in RCC cell lines (786‐O, A498) and in two 2D ccRCC‐derived primary cultures and three 3D ccRCC air–liquid interface models. Results NNMT protein was overexpressed in primary ccRCC (p = 1.32 × 10–16) and ccRCC‐derived metastases (p = 3.92 × 10–20), irrespective of metastatic location, versus non‐tumour tissue. Single‐cell data showed predominant NNMT expression in ccRCC and not in the tumour microenvironment. High NNMT expression in primary ccRCC correlated with worse survival in independent cohorts (primary RCC—hazard ratio [HR] = 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–12.4; KIRC—HR = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.0–5.4). NNMT depletion leads to intracellular glutamine accumulation, with negative effects on mitochondrial function and cell survival, while not affecting glycolysis or glutathione metabolism. At the gene level, NNMT‐depleted cells upregulate glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis pathways. NNMTi alone or in combination with 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and BPTES resulted in inhibition of cell viability in ccRCC cell lines and primary tumour and metastasis‐derived models. In two out of three patient‐derived ccRCC air–liquid interface models, NNMTi treatment induced cytotoxicity. Conclusions Since efficient glutamine utilisation, which is essential for ccRCC tumours, depends on NNMT, small‐molecule NNMT inhibitors provide a novel therapeutic strategy for ccRCC and act as sensitizers for combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reustle
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lena-Sophie Menig
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Leuthold
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Stühler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmees
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Michael Becker
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Mathias Haag
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Verena Klumpp
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian A Büttner
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scharpf
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Aragoneses-Cazorla G, Buendia-Nacarino MP, Mena ML, Luque-Garcia JL. A Multi-Omics Approach to Evaluate the Toxicity Mechanisms Associated with Silver Nanoparticles Exposure. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101762. [PMID: 35630985 PMCID: PMC9146515 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are currently used in many different industrial, commercial and health fields, mainly due to their antibacterial properties. Due to this widespread use, humans and the environment are increasingly exposed to these types of nanoparticles, which is the reason why the evaluation of the potential toxicity associated with AgNPs is of great importance. Although some of the toxic effects induced by AgNPs have already been shown, the elucidation of more complete mechanisms is yet to be achieved. In this sense, and since the integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches constitutes a very useful strategy, in the present study targeted and untargeted metabolomics and DNA microarrays assays have been combined to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity induced by 10 nm AgNPs. The results have shown that AgNPs induce the synthesis of glutathione as a cellular defense mechanism to face the oxidative environment, while inducing the depletion of relevant molecules implicated in the synthesis of important antioxidants. In addition, it has been observed that AgNPs completely impair the intracellular energetic metabolism, especially affecting the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and disrupting the tricarboxylic acids cycle. It has been demonstrated that AgNPs exposure also affects the glycolysis pathway. The effect on such pathway differs depending on the step of the cycle, which a significant increase in the levels of glucose as way to counterbalance the depleted levels of ATP.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang H, Puviindran V, Nadesan P, Ding X, Shen L, Tang YJ, Tsushima H, Yahara Y, Ban GI, Zhang GF, Karner CM, Alman BA. Distinct Roles of Glutamine Metabolism in Benign and Malignant Cartilage Tumors With IDH Mutations. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:983-996. [PMID: 35220602 PMCID: PMC9314601 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Enchondromas and chondrosarcomas are common cartilage neoplasms that are either benign or malignant, respectively. The majority of these tumors harbor mutations in either IDH1 or IDH2. Glutamine metabolism has been implicated as a critical regulator of tumors with IDH mutations. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated that glutaminase-mediated glutamine metabolism played distinct roles in enchondromas and chondrosarcomas with IDH1 or IDH2 mutations. Glutamine affected cell differentiation and viability in these tumors differently through different downstream metabolites. During murine enchondroma-like lesion development, glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate promoted hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and regulated chondrocyte proliferation. Deletion of glutaminase in chondrocytes with Idh1 mutation increased the number and size of enchondroma-like lesions. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of glutaminase in chondrosarcoma xenografts reduced overall tumor burden partially because glutamine-derived non-essential amino acids played an important role in preventing cell apoptosis. This study demonstrates that glutamine metabolism plays different roles in tumor initiation and cancer maintenance. Supplementation of α-ketoglutarate and inhibiting GLS may provide a therapeutic approach to suppress enchondroma and chondrosarcoma tumor growth, respectively. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Xiruo Ding
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leyao Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuning J Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yasuhito Yahara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ga I Ban
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin A Alman
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Krstic J, Schindlmaier K, Prokesch A. Combination strategies to target metabolic flexibility in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:159-197. [PMID: 36283766 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutically interfering with metabolic pathways has great merit to curtail tumor growth because the demand for copious amounts of energy for growth-supporting biomass production is common to all cancer entities. A major impediment to a straight implementation of metabolic cancer therapy is the metabolic flexibility and plasticity of cancer cells (and their microenvironment) resulting in therapy resistance and evasion. Metabolic combination therapies, therefore, are promising as they are designed to target several energetic routes simultaneously and thereby diminish the availability of alternative substrates. Thus, dietary restrictions, specific nutrient limitations, and/or pharmacological interventions impinging on metabolic pathways can be combined to improve cancer treatment efficacy, to overcome therapy resistance, or even act as a preventive measure. Here, we review the most recent developments in metabolic combination therapies particularly highlighting in vivo reports of synergistic effects and available clinical data. We close with identifying the challenges of the field (metabolic tumor heterogeneity, immune cell interactions, inter-patient variabilities) and suggest a "metabo-typing" strategy to tailor evidence-based metabolic combination therapies to the energetic requirements of the tumors and the patient's nutritional habits and status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstic
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Schindlmaier
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bellouard M, Gasser M, Lenglet S, Gilardi F, Bararpour N, Augsburger M, Thomas A, Alvarez JC. Toxicity and Metabolomic Impact of Cobalt, Chromium, and Nickel Exposure on HepaRG Hepatocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:807-816. [PMID: 35442019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt, chromium, and nickel are used in orthopedic prostheses. They can be released, accumulate in many organs, and be toxic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these metals on human hepatocytes and to improve our knowledge of their cellular toxicity mechanisms by metabolomic analysis. HepaRG cells were incubated for 48 h with increasing concentrations of metals to determine their IC50. Then, a nontargeted metabolomic study using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was done at IC50 and at a lower concentration (100 nM), near to those found in the blood and liver of patients with prostheses. IC50 were defined at 940, 2, and 1380 μM for Co, Cr, and Ni, respectively. In vitro, Cr appears to be much more toxic than Co and Ni. Metabolomic analysis revealed the disruption of metabolic pathways from the low concentration of 100 nM, in particular tryptophan metabolism and lipid metabolism illustrated by an increase in phenylacetylglycine, a marker of phospholipidosis, for all three metals. They also appear to be responsible for oxidative stress. Dysregulation of these pathways impacts hepatocyte metabolism and may result in hepatotoxicity. Further investigations on accessible biological matrices should be conducted to correlate our in vitro results with the clinical data of prostheses-bearing patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bellouard
- Service de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP, Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, FHU Sepsis, 104 bvd R. Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France.,Plateforme MasSpecLab, UMR1173, Inserm, Université Paris Saclay (Versailles Saint Quentin-en-Yvelines), 2 Avenue de le Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Marie Gasser
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland.,Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lenglet
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland.,Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland.,Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nasim Bararpour
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marc Augsburger
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland.,Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland.,Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Service de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP, Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, FHU Sepsis, 104 bvd R. Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France.,Plateforme MasSpecLab, UMR1173, Inserm, Université Paris Saclay (Versailles Saint Quentin-en-Yvelines), 2 Avenue de le Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lu X, Hackman GL, Saha A, Rathore AS, Collins M, Friedman C, Yi SS, Matsuda F, DiGiovanni J, Lodi A, Tiziani S. Metabolomics-based phenotypic screens for evaluation of drug synergy via direct-infusion mass spectrometry. iScience 2022; 25:104221. [PMID: 35494234 PMCID: PMC9046262 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs used in combination can synergize to increase efficacy, decrease toxicity, and prevent drug resistance. While conventional high-throughput screens that rely on univariate data are incredibly valuable to identify promising drug candidates, phenotypic screening methodologies could be beneficial to provide deep insight into the molecular response of drug combination with a likelihood of improved clinical outcomes. We developed a high-content metabolomics drug screening platform using stable isotope-tracer direct-infusion mass spectrometry that informs an algorithm to determine synergy from multivariate phenomics data. Using a cancer drug library, we validated the drug screening, integrating isotope-enriched metabolomics data and computational data mining, on a panel of prostate cell lines and verified the synergy between CB-839 and docetaxel both in vitro (three-dimensional model) and in vivo. The proposed unbiased metabolomics screening platform can be used to rapidly generate phenotype-informed datasets and quantify synergy for combinatorial drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Lu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - G. Lavender Hackman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin,TX 78712, USA
| | - Atul Singh Rathore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Meghan Collins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Chelsea Friedman
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin,TX 78712, USA
| | - S. Stephen Yi
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology (ICMB), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin,TX 78712, USA,Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA,Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology (ICMB), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin Y, Yang Z, Li J, Sun Y, Zhang X, Qu Z, Luo Y, Zhang L. Effects of glutamate and aspartate on prostate cancer and breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:213. [PMID: 35296245 PMCID: PMC8925075 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respectively, prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BC) are the second most and most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women, and they account for a majority of cancer-related deaths world-wide. Cancer cells typically exhibit much-facilitated growth that necessitates upregulated glycolysis and augmented amino acid metabolism, that of glutamine and aspartate in particular, which is tightly coupled with an increased flux of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Epidemiological studies have exploited metabolomics to explore the etiology and found potentially effective biomarkers for early detection or progression of prostate and breast cancers. However, large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to establish causal associations between amino acid metabolism and prostate and breast cancers have not been reported. Objective Utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we aimed to estimate how genetically predicted glutamate and aspartate levels could impact upon prostate and breast cancers development. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs), associated with the serum levels of glutamate and aspartate were extracted from the publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which were conducted to associate genetic variations with blood metabolite levels using comprehensive metabolite profiling in 1,960 adults; and the glutamate and aspartate we have chosen were two of 644 metabolites. The summary statistics for the largest and latest GWAS datasets for prostate cancer (61,106 controls and 79,148 cases) were from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium, and datasets for breast cancer (113,789 controls and 133,384 cases) were from Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The study was performed through two-sample MR method. Results Causal estimates were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) per standard deviation increment in serum level of aspartate or glutamate. Aspartate was positively associated with prostate cancer (Effect = 1.043; 95% confidence interval, 1.003 to 1.084; P = 0.034) and breast cancer (Effect = 1.033; 95% confidence interval, 1.004 to 1.063; P = 0.028); however, glutamate was neither associated with prostate cancer nor with breast cancer. The potential causal associations were robust to the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Our study found that the level of serum aspartate could serve as a risk factor that contributed to the development of prostate and breast cancers. Efforts on a detailed description of the underlying biochemical mechanisms would be extremely valuable in early assessment and/or diagnosis, and strategizing clinical intervention, of both cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08442-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yindan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yandi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Qu
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Metabolism has been studied mainly in cultured cells or at the level of whole tissues or whole organisms in vivo. Consequently, our understanding of metabolic heterogeneity among cells within tissues is limited, particularly when it comes to rare cells with biologically distinct properties, such as stem cells. Stem cell function, tissue regeneration and cancer suppression are all metabolically regulated, although it is not yet clear whether there are metabolic mechanisms unique to stem cells that regulate their activity and function. Recent work has, however, provided evidence that stem cells do have a metabolic signature that is distinct from that of restricted progenitors and that metabolic changes influence tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Stem cell maintenance throughout life in many tissues depends upon minimizing anabolic pathway activation and cell division. Consequently, stem cell activation by tissue injury is associated with changes in mitochondrial function, lysosome activity and lipid metabolism, potentially at the cost of eroding self-renewal potential. Stem cell metabolism is also regulated by the environment: stem cells metabolically interact with other cells in their niches and are able to sense and adapt to dietary changes. The accelerating understanding of stem cell metabolism is revealing new aspects of tissue homeostasis with the potential to promote tissue regeneration and cancer suppression.
Collapse
|
49
|
Schadler P, Lohberger B, Thauerer B, Faschingbauer M, Kullich W, Stradner MH, Leithner A, Ritschl V, Omara M, Steinecker-Frohnwieser B. The Association of Blood Biomarkers and Body Mass Index in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035211069251. [PMID: 35094602 PMCID: PMC9137302 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211069251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite massive efforts, there are no diagnostic blood biomarkers for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study investigated several candidate diagnostic biomarkers and the metabolic phenotype in end-stage KOA in the context of obesity. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, adult patients undergoing knee arthroplasty were enrolled and KOA severity was assessed using the Lequesne index. Blood biomarkers with an important role in obesity, the metabolic syndrome, or KOA (oxidized form of low-density lipoprotein [oxLDL], advanced glycation end product [AGE], soluble AGE receptor [sRAGE], fatty acid binding protein 4 [FABP4], phospholipase A2 group IIA [PLA2G2A], fibroblast growth factor 23 [FGF-23], ghrelin, leptin, and resistin) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; n = 70) or Luminex technique (subgroup of n = 35). H1-NMR spectroscopy was used for the quantification of metabolite levels (subgroup of n = 31). The hip-knee-ankle angle was assessed. Multivariable and multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of biomarkers with body mass index (BMI) and KOA severity in complete case and multiple imputation analysis. RESULTS While most of the investigated biomarkers were not associated with KOA severity, FABP4 and leptin were found to correlate with BMI and gender. Resistin was associated with Lequesne index in complete case analysis. Using a targeted metabolomics approach, BMI-dependent changes in the metabolome were hardly visible. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm studies on FABP4, leptin, and resistin with regard to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. There was no association of the investigated biomarkers with KOA severity, most likely due to the patient selection (end-stage KOA patients). Based on this absence of BMI-dependent changes in the metabolome, we might assume that BMI is not correlated with KOA severity in this specific patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schadler
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria,Birgit Lohberger, Head of the Research Laboratory, Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5-7, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Bettina Thauerer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria
| | | | - Werner Kullich
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Martin Helmut Stradner
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentin Ritschl
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maisa Omara
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria,Institute for Outcomes Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee H, Kwon Y, Jin H, Liu H, Kang W, Chun Y, Bae J, Choi H. Anticancer activity and metabolic profile alterations by ortho‐topolin riboside in in vitro and in vivo models of non‐small cell lung cancer. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22127. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101333r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo‐Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hanyong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education College of Pharmacy Yanbian University Yanji China
| | - Heifeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Wonku Kang
- College of Pharmacy Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyeon Bae
- College of Pharmacy Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung‐Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|