1
|
Knowles R, Chandler C, O’Neill S, Sharland M, Mays N. A systematic review of national interventions and policies to optimize antibiotic use in healthcare settings in England. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1234-1247. [PMID: 38507232 PMCID: PMC11144483 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and assess the effectiveness of national antibiotic optimization interventions in primary and secondary care in England (2013-2022). METHODS A systematic scoping review was conducted. Literature databases (Embase and Medline) were used to identify interventions and evaluations. Reports included the UK AMR Strategy (2013-2018), National Action Plan (2019-2024) and English Surveillance Programme for Antimicrobial Utilisation and Resistance (ESPAUR) reports (2014-2022). The design, focus and quality of evaluations and the interventions' effectiveness were extracted. FINDINGS Four hundred and seventy-seven peer-reviewed studies and 13 reports were screened. One hundred and three studies were included for review, identifying 109 interventions in eight categories: policy and commissioning (n = 9); classifications (n = 1); guidance and toolkits (n = 22); monitoring and feedback (n = 17); professional engagement and training (n = 19); prescriber tools (n = 12); public awareness (n = 17); workforce and governance (n = 12).Most interventions lack high-quality effectiveness evidence. Evaluations mainly focused on clinical, microbiological or antibiotic use outcomes, or intervention implementation, often assessing how interventions were perceived to affect behaviour. Only 16 interventions had studies that quantified effects on prescribing, of which six reported reductions. The largest reduction was reported with structural-level interventions and attributed to a policy and commissioning intervention (primary care financial incentives). Behavioural interventions (guidance and toolkits) reported the greatest impact in hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Many interventions have targeted antibiotic use, each pulling different levers across the health system simultaneously. On the basis of these studies, structural-level interventions may have the greatest impact. Collectively, the combination of interventions may explain England's decline in prescribing but direct evidence of causality is unavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Knowles
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Clare Chandler
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen O’Neill
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mike Sharland
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Mays
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Del Fabro G, Venturini S, Avolio M, Basaglia G, Callegari A, Bramuzzo I, Basso B, Zanusso C, Rizzo A, Tonutti G, Chittaro M, Fiappo E, Tonizzo M, Crapis M. Time is running out. No excuses to delay implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes: impact, sustainability, resilience and efficiency through an interrupted time series analysis (2017-2022). JAC Antimicrob Resist 2024; 6:dlae072. [PMID: 38752207 PMCID: PMC11094472 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The WHO declared antimicrobial resistance (AMR) a significant concern in 2014, sparking initiatives to ensure responsible antibiotic use. In human medicine, Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes (ASPs) in hospitals play a pivotal role in combating AMR. Although evidence supports the effectiveness of ASPs in optimizing antimicrobial use, often the lack of resources becomes an excuse to limit their dissemination and use. This paper provides a comprehensive report on a 6-year analysis of an ASP implemented in a healthcare region in north-east Italy. Methods A retrospective data collection was conducted to assess the programme's impact on antibiotic consumption expressed as DDDs/100 patient-days, its sustainability over time, resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic and the efficiency of the ASP (relationship between workload and human resources). Results A substantial overall reduction in antibiotic consumption (-14%), particularly in fluoroquinolones (-64%) and carbapenems (-68%), was demonstrated, showcasing the programme's impact. Sustainability was confirmed through enduring trends in antibiotic consumption and ecological analysis over time. The ASP demonstrates resilience by maintaining positive trends even amid the challenging COVID-19 pandemic. Efficiency was underscored by an increase in on-site consultations despite consistent human resources until 2021. Conclusions This study offers insights into the prolonged success of a resource-efficient ASP, emphasizing the crucial role of long-term commitment in fostering responsible antibiotic use in the context of global health challenges such as AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Del Fabro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, via Montereale 24, Pordenone 33170, Italy
| | - Sergio Venturini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, via Montereale 24, Pordenone 33170, Italy
| | - Manuela Avolio
- Department of Microbiology, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Basaglia
- Department of Microbiology, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Astrid Callegari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, via Montereale 24, Pordenone 33170, Italy
| | - Igor Bramuzzo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, via Montereale 24, Pordenone 33170, Italy
| | - Barbara Basso
- Hospital Pharmacy, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanusso
- Hospital Pharmacy, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Anna Rizzo
- Hospital Pharmacy, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonutti
- Hospital Health Direction, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Michele Chittaro
- Hospital Health Direction, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Eva Fiappo
- Hospital Health Direction, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Maurizio Tonizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Massimo Crapis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASFO ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’ Hospital of Pordenone, via Montereale 24, Pordenone 33170, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdel Hadi H, Eltayeb F, Al Balushi S, Daghfal J, Ahmed F, Mateus C. Evaluation of Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: Implementation, Process, Impact, and Outcomes, Review of Systematic Reviews. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:253. [PMID: 38534688 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) were introduced in healthcare as a public health priority to promote appropriate prescribing of antimicrobials, to reduce adverse events related to antimicrobials, as well as to control the escalating challenges of antimicrobial resistance. To deliver aimed outcome objectives, ASPs involve multiple connected implementation process measures. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate both concepts of ASPs. Guided by PRISMA frames, published systematic reviews (SR) focusing on ASPs restricted to secondary and tertiary healthcare were evaluated over the past 10 years involving all age groups. Out of 265 identified SR studies, 63 met the inclusion criteria. The majority were conducted in Europe and North America, with limited studies from other regions. In the reviewed studies, all age groups were examined, although they were conducted mainly on adults when compared to children and infants. Both process and outcomes measures of ASPs were examined equally and simultaneously through 25 different concepts, dominated by efficacy, antimicrobial resistance, and economic impact, while information technology as well as role of pharmacy and behavioral factors were equally examined. The main broad conclusions from the review were that, across the globe, ASPs demonstrated effectiveness, proved efficacy, and confirmed efficiency, while focused evaluation advocated that developed countries should target medium- and small-sized hospitals while developing countries should continue rolling ASPs across healthcare facilities. Additionally, the future of ASPs should focus on embracing evolving information technology to bridge the gaps in knowledge, skills, and attitude, as well as to enhance appropriate decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Abdel Hadi
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Faiha Eltayeb
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Balushi
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Joanne Daghfal
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Ceu Mateus
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bao J, Zhou L, Xu M, Ma J. The impact of pharmacist intervention on the intravenous-to-oral switch therapy of proton pump inhibitors in cardiovascular surgery. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023; 22:611-619. [PMID: 36714924 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2172162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prescriptions of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been widely concerned due to both huge increase in medical costs and possible long-term adverse events (AEs) caused by the improper route of drug administration. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions on the clinical outcome and safety of switching from intravenous (IV) to oral PPIs therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective, single-center, pre- intervention (early -stage)- and intervention (later -stage) study was performed in a Chinese hospital. RESULTS A total of 1736 patients were included in the study. After 12 months of interventions, significant improvements in the number of rational IV to oral switch in patients with oral switch indications were found. The median duration of oral therapy was increased, while the duration of PPIs therapy was decreased. Pharmacist interventions led to significant reductions in mean PPI costs, mean total drug costs, mean hospitalization costs, and the risk for long-term adverse events. CONCLUSION This study provides important evidence on the beneficial effect of pharmacist interventions on promoting an optimal IV to oral switch of PPIs and substantial cost saving by shortening the duration of IV PPIs therapy and reducing the risk for long-term AEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Center of Soochow University, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengying Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Center of Soochow University, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Center of Soochow University, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sibani M, Canziani LM, Tonolli C, Armellini M, Carrara E, Mazzaferri F, Conti M, Mazzariol A, Micheletto C, Dalbeni A, Girelli D, Tacconelli E. Antimicrobial Stewardship in COVID-19 Patients: Those Who Sow Will Reap Even through Hard Times. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1009. [PMID: 37370328 PMCID: PMC10295663 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic emerged, antimicrobial stewardship (AS) activities need to be diverted into COVID-19 management. METHODS In order to assess the impact of COVID-19 on AS activities, we analyzed changes in antibiotic consumption in moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients admitted to four units in a tertiary-care hospital across three COVID-19 waves. The AS program was introduced at the hospital in 2018. During the first wave, COVID-19 forced the complete withdrawal of hospital AS activities. In the second wave, antibiotic guidance calibration for COVID-19 patients was implemented in all units, with enhanced stewardship activities in Units 1, 2, and 3 (intervention units). In a controlled before and after study, antimicrobial usage during the three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic was compared to the 12-month prepandemic unit (Unit 4 acted as the control). Antibiotic consumption data were analyzed as the overall consumption, stratified by the World Health Organization AWaRe classification, and expressed as defined-daily-dose (DDD) and days-of-therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient-day (PD). RESULTS In the first wave, the overall normalized DOT in units 2-4 significantly exceeded the 2019 level (2019: 587 DOT/1000 PD ± 42.6; Unit 2: 836 ± 77.1; Unit 3: 684 ± 122.3; Unit 4: 872, ± 162.6; p < 0.05). After the introduction of AS activities, consumption decreased in the intervention units to a significantly lower level when compared to 2019 (Unit 1: 498 DOT/1000 PD ± 49; Unit 2: 232 ± 95.7; Unit 3: 382 ± 96.9; p < 0.05). Antimicrobial stewardship activities resulted in a decreased amount of total antibiotic consumption over time and positively affected the watch class and piperacillin-tazobactam use in the involved units. CONCLUSIONS During a pandemic, the implementation of calibrated AS activities represents a sound investment in avoiding inappropriate antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Sibani
- Infectious Diseases Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Canziani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonolli
- Department of Pharmacy, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Maddalena Armellini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Carrara
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Fulvia Mazzaferri
- Infectious Diseases Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Conti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Annarita Mazzariol
- Microbiology and Virology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Micheletto
- Respiratory Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Dalbeni
- Section General Medicine C and Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine D, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Catho G, Sauser J, Coray V, Da Silva S, Elzi L, Harbarth S, Kaiser L, Marti C, Meyer R, Pagnamenta F, Portela J, Prendki V, Ranzani A, Centemero NS, Stirnemann J, Valotti R, Vernaz N, Suter BW, Bernasconi E, Huttner BD. Impact of interactive computerised decision support for hospital antibiotic use (COMPASS): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial in three Swiss hospitals. THE LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:1493-1502. [PMID: 35870478 PMCID: PMC9491854 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Computerised decision-support systems (CDSSs) for antibiotic stewardship could help to assist physicians in the appropriate prescribing of antibiotics. However, high-quality evidence for their effect on the quantity and quality of antibiotic use remains scarce. The aim of our study was to assess whether a computerised decision support for antimicrobial stewardship combined with feedback on prescribing indicators can reduce antimicrobial prescriptions for adults admitted to hospital. Methods The Computerised Antibiotic Stewardship Study (COMPASS) was a multicentre, cluster-randomised, parallel-group, open-label superiority trial that aimed to assess whether a multimodal computerised antibiotic-stewardship intervention is effective in reducing antibiotic use for adults admitted to hospital. After pairwise matching, 24 wards in three Swiss tertiary-care and secondary-care hospitals were randomised (1:1) to the CDSS intervention or to standard antibiotic stewardship measures using an online random sequence generator. The multimodal intervention consisted of a CDSS providing support for choice, duration, and re-evaluation of antimicrobial therapy, and feedback on antimicrobial prescribing quality. The primary outcome was overall systemic antibiotic use measured in days of therapy per admission, using adjusted-hurdle negative-binomial mixed-effects models. The analysis was done by intention to treat and per protocol. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03120975). Findings 24 clusters (16 at Geneva University Hospitals and eight at Ticino Regional Hospitals) were eligible and randomly assigned to control or intervention between Oct 1, 2018, and Dec 31, 2019. Overall, 4578 (40·2%) of 11 384 admissions received antibiotic therapy in the intervention group and 4142 (42·8%) of 9673 in the control group. The unadjusted overall mean days of therapy per admission was slightly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (3·2 days of therapy per admission, SD 6·2, vs 3·5 days of therapy per admission, SD 6·8; p<0·0001), and was similar among patients receiving antibiotics (7·9 days of therapy per admission, SD 7·6, vs 8·1 days of therapy per admission, SD 8·4; p=0·50). After adjusting for confounders, there was no statistically significant difference between groups for the odds of an admission receiving antibiotics (odds ratio [OR] for intervention vs control 1·12, 95% CI 0·94–1·33). For admissions with antibiotic exposure, days of therapy per admission were also similar (incidence rate ratio 0·98, 95% CI 0·90–1·07). Overall, the CDSS was used at least once in 3466 (75·7%) of 4578 admissions with any antibiotic prescription, but from the first day of antibiotic treatment for only 1602 (58·9%) of 2721 admissions in Geneva. For those for whom the CDSS was not used from the first day, mean time to use of CDSS was 8·9 days. Based on the manual review of 1195 randomly selected charts, transition from intravenous to oral therapy was significantly more frequent in the intervention group after adjusting for confounders (154 [76·6%] of 201 vs 187 [87%] of 215, +10·4%; OR 1·9, 95% CI 1·1–3·3). Consultations by infectious disease specialists were less frequent in the intervention group (388 [13·4%] of 2889) versus the control group (405 [16·9%] of 2390; OR 0·84, 95% CI 0·59–1·25). Interpretation An integrated multimodal computerised antibiotic stewardship intervention did not significantly reduce overall antibiotic use, the primary outcome of the study. Contributing factors were probably insufficient uptake, a setting with relatively low antibiotic use at baseline, and delays between ward admission and first CDSS use. Funding Swiss National Science Foundation. Translations For the French and Italian translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Collapse
|
7
|
Van Dort BA, Carland JE, Penm J, Ritchie A, Baysari MT. Digital interventions for antimicrobial prescribing and monitoring: a qualitative meta-synthesis of factors influencing user acceptance. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:1786-1796. [PMID: 35897157 PMCID: PMC9471701 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand and synthesize factors influencing user acceptance of digital interventions used for antimicrobial prescribing and monitoring in hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A meta-synthesis was conducted to identify qualitative studies that explored user acceptance of digital interventions for antimicrobial prescribing and/or monitoring in hospitals. Databases were searched and qualitative data were extracted and systematically classified using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. RESULTS Fifteen qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Eleven papers used interviews and four used focus groups. Most digital interventions evaluated in studies were decision support for prescribing (n = 13). Majority of perceptions were classified in the UTAUT performance expectancy domain in perceived usefulness and relative advantage constructs. Key facilitators in this domain included systems being trusted and credible sources of information, improving performance of tasks and increasing efficiency. Reported barriers were that interventions were not considered useful for all settings or patient conditions. Facilitating conditions was the second largest domain, which highlights the importance of users having infrastructure to support system use. Digital interventions were viewed positively if they were compatible with values, needs, and experiences of users. CONCLUSIONS User perceptions that drive users to accept and utilize digital interventions for antimicrobial prescribing and monitoring were predominantly related to performance expectations and facilitating conditions. To ensure digital interventions for antimicrobial prescribing are accepted and used, we recommend organizations ensure systems are evaluated and benefits are conveyed to users, that utility meets expectations, and that appropriate infrastructure is in place to support use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Van Dort
- Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane E Carland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Penm
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angus Ritchie
- Health Informatics Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa T Baysari
- Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ng TM, Heng ST, Chua BH, Ang LW, Tan SH, Tay HL, Yap MY, Quek J, Teng CB, Young BE, Lin R, Ang B, Lee TH, Lye DC. Sustaining Antimicrobial Stewardship in a High-Antibiotic Resistance Setting. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2210180. [PMID: 35503216 PMCID: PMC9066280 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There is a lack of studies comparing the intended and unintended consequences of prospective review and feedback (PRF) with computerized decision support systems (CDSS), especially in the longer term in antimicrobial stewardship. OBJECTIVE To examine the outcomes associated with the sequential implementation of PRF and CDSS and changes to these interventions with long-term use of antibiotics for and incidence of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) and other unintended outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used an interrupted time series with segmented regression analysis of data from January 2007 to December 2018. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of patients admitted at a large university teaching hospital with high rates of antibiotic resistance in Singapore. Data were analyzed from June 2019 to June 2020. EXPOSURES PRF of piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems (intervention 1, April 2009), with the addition of hospital-wide CDSS (intervention 2, April 2011), and lifting of CDSS for half of the hospital wards for 6 months (intervention 3, March 2017). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Monthly antimicrobial use was measured in defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 patient-days. The monthly incidence of MDROs was calculated as number of clinical isolates detected per 1000 inpatient-days over a 6-month period. Unintended outcomes examined included in-hospital mortality and age-adjusted length of stay (LOS). RESULTS The number of inpatients increased from 56 263 in 2007 to 63 572 in 2018. During the same period, the mean monthly patient days increased from 33 929 in 2007 to 45 603 in 2018, and the proportion of patients older than 65 years increased from 45.5% in 2007 to 56.6% in 2018. After intervention 1, there were 0.33 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.48) more DDDs per 1000 patient-days per month of piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems and -11.05 (95% CI, -15.55 to -6.55) fewer DDDs per 1000 patient-days per month for other broad-spectrum antibiotics. After intervention 2, there were -0.22 (95% CI, -0.33 to -0.10) fewer DDDs per 1000 patient-days per month of piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems and -2.10 (95% CI, -3.13 to -1.07) fewer DDDs per 1000 patient-days per month for other broad-spectrum antibiotics. After intervention 3, use of piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenem increased by 0.28 (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.55) DDDs per 1000 patient-days per month. After intervention 2, incidence of Clostridioides difficile decreased (estimate, -0.02 [95% CI, -0.03 to -0.01] cases per 1000 patient-days per month). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, concurrent PRF and CDSS were associated with limiting the use of piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems while reducing use of other antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tat Ming Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Thong Heng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Hou Chua
- Department of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Wei Ang
- National Public Health and Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sock Hoon Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Lin Tay
- Department of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Yi Yap
- Department of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Quek
- Department of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine B. Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E. Young
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ray Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brenda Ang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tau Hong Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C. Lye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baudet A, Agrinier N, Charmillon A, Pulcini C, Lozniewski A, Aissa N, Lizon J, Thilly N, Demoré B, Florentin A. Evaluating antibiotic stewardship and healthcare-associated infections surveillance assisted by computer: protocol for an interrupted time series study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056125. [PMID: 35383069 PMCID: PMC8984051 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic resistance is one of the most pressing health threats that mankind faces now and in the coming decades. Antibiotic resistance leads to longer hospital stays, higher medical costs and increased mortality. In order to tackle antibiotic resistance, we will implement in our tertiary care university hospital a computerised-decision support system (CDSS) facilitating antibiotic stewardship and an electronic surveillance software (ESS) facilitating infection prevention and control activities. We describe the protocol to evaluate the impact of the CDSS/ESS combination in adult inpatients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We conduct a pragmatic, prospective, single-centre, before-after uncontrolled study with an interrupted time-series analysis 12 months before and 12 months after the introduction of the CDSS for antibiotic stewardship (APSS) and ESS for infection surveillance (ZINC). APSS and ZINC will assist, respectively, the antibiotic stewardship and the infection prevention and control teams of Nancy University Hospital (France). We will evaluate the impact of the CDSS/ESS on the antibiotic use in adult (≥18 years) inpatients (hospitalised ≥48 hours). The primary outcome is the prescription rate by all healthcare professionals from the hospital of all systemic antibiotics expressed in defined daily doses/1000 patients/month. Concurrently, we will assess the safety of the intervention, its impact on the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions and on additional precautions (isolation precautions) as recommended in guidelines, and on bacterial epidemiology (multidrug-resistant bacteria and Clostridioides difficile infections) in the hospital. Finally, we will evaluate the users' satisfaction and the cost of this intervention from the hospital perspective. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Nancy University Hospital and registered on the ClinicalTrials platform. Results will be disseminated through conferences' presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04976829.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Baudet
- APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Service d'odontologie, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Nelly Agrinier
- APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- CIC, Epidémiologie Clinique, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | - Céline Pulcini
- APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Service des maladies infectieuses, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Lozniewski
- Service de microbiologie, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
- Stress Immunity Pathogens unit (SIMPA) EA 7300, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Nejla Aissa
- Service de microbiologie, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Julie Lizon
- Département territorial d'hygiène et prévention du risque infectieux, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Nathalie Thilly
- APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Département Méthodologie, Promotion, Investigation, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Béatrice Demoré
- APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Pharmacie, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Florentin
- APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Département territorial d'hygiène et prévention du risque infectieux, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Setiawan E, Abdul-Aziz MH, Roberts JA, Cotta MO. Hospital-Based Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs Used in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:566-584. [PMID: 35333607 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considerable in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and it is important to describe the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) activities found in these countries and report their impact. Importantly, as these programs target prescribing behavior, the factors influencing prescription of antimicrobials must also be taken into account. This scoping review aimed to (1) describe hospital-based ASP activities, (2) report methods used to measure the impact of ASPs, and (3) explore factors influencing antimicrobial prescribing behavior in LMICs. PubMed was searched from database inception until April 2021. Factors influencing antimicrobial prescribing behavior were canvassed using the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation and Behavior framework. Most of ASP studies in LMICs were predominantly conducted in tertiary care and university-based hospitals. Audit of antimicrobial prescriptions with feedback and restrictive-based strategies was the main reported activity. Total antimicrobial consumption was the main method used to measure the impact of ASPs. Positive outcomes were observed for both clinical and microbiological outcomes; however, these were measured from nonrandomized controlled trials. Dominant factors identified through the behavioral framework were a limited awareness of AMR as a local problem, a perception that overprescription of antimicrobials had limited consequences and was mainly driven by a motivation to help improve patient outcomes. In addition, antimicrobial prescribing practices were largely influenced by existing hierarchy among prescribers. Our scoping review suggests that LMICs need to evaluate antimicrobial appropriateness as an added measure to assess impact. Furthermore, improvements in the access of microbiology and diagnostic facilities and ensuring ASP champions are recruited from senior prescribers will positively influence antimicrobial prescribing behavior, helping improve stewardship of antimicrobials in these countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eko Setiawan
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy; and Center for Medicines Information and Pharmaceutical Care (CMIPC), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mohd-Hafiz Abdul-Aziz
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Menino Osbert Cotta
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abo YN, Freyne B, Kululanga D, Bryant PA. The Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Children in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:S10-S17. [PMID: 35134035 PMCID: PMC8815847 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is central to the World Health Organisation Global Action Plan against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). If antibiotics are used without restraint, morbidity and mortality from AMR will continue to increase. In resource-rich settings, AMS can safely reduce antibiotic consumption. However, for children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the impact of different AMS interventions is unknown. AIM To determine the impact of different AMS interventions on antibiotic use and clinical and microbiologic outcomes in children in LMIC. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed were searched for studies of AMS interventions in pediatric population in LMIC settings. Controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies and interrupted time series studies were included. Outcomes assessed were antibiotic use, multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) rates, clinical outcomes and cost. RESULTS Of 1462 studies, 34 met inclusion criteria including a total population of >5,000,000 in 17 countries. Twenty were in inpatients, 2 in ED, 10 in OPD and 2 in both. Seven studies were randomized controlled trials. All types of interventions reported a positive impact on antibiotic prescribing. AMS bundles with education, and clinical decision tools appeared more effective than guidelines alone. AMS interventions resulted in significantly decreased clinical infections (4/4 studies) and clinical failure (2/2) and reduced MDRO colonization rate (4/4). There was no concomitant increase in mortality (4/4 studies) or length of stay (2/2). CONCLUSION Multiple effective strategies exist to reduce antibiotic consumption in LMIC. However, marked heterogeneity limit conclusions regarding the most effective approach, particularly regarding clinical outcomes. Overall, AMS strategies are important tools in the reduction of MDRO-related morbidity in children in LMIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara-Natalie Abo
- From the Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Bridget Freyne
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Research Programme
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Diana Kululanga
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Research Programme
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Penelope A. Bryant
- From the Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Blantyre, Malawi
- Clinical Paediatrics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes in hospitals support optimal antimicrobial use by utilizing strategies such as restriction policies and education. Several systematic reviews on digital interventions supporting AMS have been conducted but they have focused on specific interventions and outcomes. Objectives To provide a systematic overview and synthesis of evidence on the effectiveness of digital interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing and monitoring in hospitals. Methods Multiple databases were searched from 2010 onwards. Review papers were eligible if they included studies that examined the effectiveness of AMS digital interventions in an inpatient hospital setting. Papers were excluded if they were not systematic reviews, were limited to a paediatric setting, or were not in English. Results Eight systematic reviews were included for data extraction. A large number of digital interventions were evaluated, with a strong focus on clinical decision support. Due to the heterogeneity of the interventions and outcome measures, a meta-analysis could not be performed. The majority of reviews reported that digital interventions reduced antimicrobial use and improved antimicrobial appropriateness. The impact of digital interventions on clinical outcomes was inconsistent. Conclusions Digital interventions reduce antimicrobial use and improve antimicrobial appropriateness in hospitals, but no firm conclusions can be drawn about the degree to which different types of digital interventions achieve these outcomes. Evaluation of sociotechnical aspects of digital intervention implementation is limited, despite the critical role that user acceptance, uptake and feasibility play in ensuring improvements in AMS are achieved with digital health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Penm
- The University of Sydney, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angus Ritchie
- Health Informatics Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa T Baysari
- The University of Sydney, Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Catho G, Centemero NS, Waldispühl Suter B, Vernaz N, Portela J, Da Silva S, Valotti R, Coray V, Pagnamenta F, Ranzani A, Piuz MF, Elzi L, Meyer R, Bernasconi E, Huttner BD. How to Develop and Implement a Computerized Decision Support System Integrated for Antimicrobial Stewardship? Experiences From Two Swiss Hospital Systems. Front Digit Health 2021; 2:583390. [PMID: 34713055 PMCID: PMC8521958 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.583390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Computerized decision support systems (CDSS) provide new opportunities for automating antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions and integrating them in routine healthcare. CDSS are recommended as part of AMS programs by international guidelines but few have been implemented so far. In the context of the publicly funded COMPuterized Antibiotic Stewardship Study (COMPASS), we developed and implemented two CDSSs for antimicrobial prescriptions integrated into the in-house electronic health records of two public hospitals in Switzerland. Developing and implementing such systems was a unique opportunity for learning during which we faced several challenges. In this narrative review we describe key lessons learned. Recommendations: (1) During the initial planning and development stage, start by drafting the CDSS as an algorithm and use a standardized format to communicate clearly the desired functionalities of the tool to all stakeholders. (2) Set up a multidisciplinary team bringing together Information Technologies (IT) specialists with development expertise, clinicians familiar with “real-life” processes in the wards and if possible, involve collaborators having knowledge in both areas. (3) When designing the CDSS, make the underlying decision-making process transparent for physicians and start simple and make sure to find the right balance between force and persuasion to ensure adoption by end-users. (4) Correctly assess the clinical and economic impact of your tool, therefore try to use standardized terminologies and limit the use of free text for analysis purpose. (5) At the implementation stage, plan usability testing early, develop an appropriate training plan suitable to end users' skills and time-constraints and think ahead of additional challenges related to the study design that may occur (such as a cluster randomized trial). Stay also tuned to react quickly during the intervention phase. (6) Finally, during the assessment stage plan ahead maintenance, adaptation and related financial challenges and stay connected with institutional partners to leverage potential synergies with other informatics projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaud Catho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo S Centemero
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Nathalie Vernaz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Javier Portela
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Serge Da Silva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Valotti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Giovanni, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Coray
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pagnamenta
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alice Ranzani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Françoise Piuz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Luigia Elzi
- Division of Informatics, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rodolphe Meyer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Giovanni, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt D Huttner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hartman EAR, Groen WG, Heltveit-Olsen SR, Lindbaek M, Hoye S, Sundvall PD, Gunnarsson R, Skoglund I, Snaebjörnsson Arnljots E, Godycki-Cwirko M, Kowalczyk A, Platteel TN, Zuithoff NPA, Monnier AA, Verheij TJM, Hertogh CMPM, van de Pol AC. Multifaceted antibiotic stewardship intervention using a participatory-action-research approach to improve antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infections in frail elderly (ImpresU): study protocol for a European qualitative study followed by a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052552. [PMID: 34620666 PMCID: PMC8499316 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Almost 60% of antibiotics in frail elderly are prescribed for alleged urinary tract infections (UTIs). A substantial part of this comprises prescriptions in case of non-specific symptoms or asymptomatic bacteriuria, for which the latest guidelines promote restrictiveness with antibiotics. We aim to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use for UTIs through an antibiotic stewardship intervention (ASI) that encourages to prescribe according to these guidelines. To develop an effective ASI, we first need a better understanding of the complex decision-making process concerning suspected UTIs in frail elderly. Moreover, the implementation approach requires tailoring to the heterogeneous elderly care setting. METHODS AND ANALYSIS First, we conduct a qualitative study to explore factors contributing to antibiotic prescribing for UTIs in frail elderly, using semi-structured interviews with general practitioners, nursing staff, patients and informal caregivers. Next, we perform a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in elderly care organisations. A multifaceted ASI is implemented in the intervention group; the control group receives care as usual. The ASI is centred around a decision tool that promotes restrictive antibiotic use, supported by a toolbox with educational materials. For the implementation, we use a modified participatory-action-research approach, guided by the results of the qualitative study. The primary outcome is the number of antibiotic prescriptions for suspected UTIs. We aim to recruit 34 clusters with in total 680 frail elderly residents ≥70 years. Data collection takes place during a 5-month baseline period and a 7-month follow-up period. Finally, we perform a process evaluation. The study has been delayed for 6 months due to COVID-19 and is expected to end in July 2021. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approvals and/or waivers were obtained from the ethical committees in Poland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. The results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03970356.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther A R Hartman
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G Groen
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silje Rebekka Heltveit-Olsen
- The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Lindbaek
- The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigurd Hoye
- The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pär-Daniel Sundvall
- General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Ronny Gunnarsson
- General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Ingmarie Skoglund
- General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Egill Snaebjörnsson Arnljots
- General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Maciej Godycki-Cwirko
- Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Kowalczyk
- Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tamara N Platteel
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P A Zuithoff
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelie A Monnier
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J M Verheij
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees M P M Hertogh
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alma C van de Pol
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pauwels I, Versporten A, Vermeulen H, Vlieghe E, Goossens H. Assessing the impact of the Global Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance (Global-PPS) on hospital antimicrobial stewardship programmes: results of a worldwide survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:138. [PMID: 34583775 PMCID: PMC8478001 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-01010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance (Global-PPS) provides a methodology to support hospitals worldwide in collecting antimicrobial use data. We aim to evaluate the impact of the Global-PPS on local antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes and assess health care professionals' educational needs and barriers for implementing AMS. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was disseminated within the Global-PPS network. The target audience consisted of hospital healthcare workers, involved in local surveillance of antimicrobial consumption and resistance. This included contacts from hospitals that already participated in the Global-PPS or were planning to do so. The survey contained 24 questions that addressed the hospital's AMS activities, experiences conducting the PPS, as well as the learning needs and barriers for implementing AMS. RESULTS A total of 248 hospitals from 74 countries participated in the survey, of which 192 had already conducted the PPS at least once. The survey response rate was estimated at 25%. In 96.9% of these 192 hospitals, Global-PPS participation had led to the identification of problems related to antimicrobial prescribing. In 69.3% at least one of the hospital's AMS components was initiated as a result of Global-PPS findings. The level of AMS implementation varied across regions. Up to 43.1% of all hospitals had a formal antimicrobial stewardship strategy, ranging from 10.8% in Africa to 60.9% in Northern America. Learning needs of hospitals in high-income countries and in low-and middle-income countries were largely similar and included general topics (e.g. 'optimising antibiotic treatment'), but also PPS-related topics (e.g. 'translating PPS results into meaningful interventions'). The main barriers to implementing AMS programmes were a lack of time (52.7%), knowledge on good prescribing practices (42.0%), and dedicated funding (39.9%). Hospitals in LMIC more often reported unavailability of prescribing guidelines, insufficient laboratory capacity and suboptimal use of the available laboratory services. CONCLUSIONS Although we observed substantial variation in the level of AMS implementation across regions, the Global-PPS has been very useful in informing stewardship activities in many participating hospitals. More is still to be gained in guiding hospitals to integrate the PPS throughout AMS activities, building on existing structures and processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Pauwels
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Ann Versporten
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Helene Vermeulen
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BIOSTAT), Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Erika Vlieghe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kallen MC, Hulscher MEJL, Elzer B, Geerlings SE, van der Linden PD, Teerenstra S, Natsch S, Opmeer BC, Prins JM. A multicentre cluster-randomized clinical trial to improve antibiotic use and reduce length of stay in hospitals: comparison of three measurement and feedback methods. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1625-1632. [PMID: 33638644 PMCID: PMC8120330 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various metrics of hospital antibiotic use might assist in guiding antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). OBJECTIVES To compare patient outcomes in association with three methods to measure and feedback information on hospital antibiotic use when used in developing an AMS intervention. METHODS Three methods were randomly allocated to 42 clusters from 21 Dutch hospitals: (1) feedback on quantity of antibiotic use [DDD, days-of-therapy (DOT) from hospital pharmacy data], versus feedback on (2) validated, or (3) non-validated quality indicators from point prevalence studies. Using this feedback together with an implementation tool, stewardship teams systematically developed and performed improvement strategies. The hospital length of stay (LOS) was the primary outcome and secondary outcomes included DOT, ICU stay and hospital mortality. Data were collected before (February-May 2015) and after (February-May 2017) the intervention period. RESULTS The geometric mean hospital LOS decreased from 9.5 days (95% CI 8.9-10.1, 4245 patients) at baseline to 9.0 days (95% CI 8.5-9.6, 4195 patients) after intervention (P < 0.001). No differences in effect on LOS or secondary outcomes were found between methods. Feedback on quality of antibiotic use was used more often to identify improvement targets and was preferred over feedback on quantity of use. Consistent use of the implementation tool seemed to increase effectiveness of the AMS intervention. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in LOS versus baseline likely reflects improvement in the quality of antibiotic use with the stewardship intervention. While the outcomes with the three methods were otherwise similar, stewardship teams preferred data on the quality over the quantity of antibiotic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Kallen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M E J L Hulscher
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Elzer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S E Geerlings
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P D van der Linden
- Tergooi Hospital, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Van Riebeeckweg 212, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - S Teerenstra
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Group Biostatistics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Natsch
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B C Opmeer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Clinical Research Unit, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Prins
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coffeng LE, Levecke B, Hattendorf J, Walker M, Denwood MJ. Survey Design to Monitor Drug Efficacy for the Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis and Schistosomiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:S195-S202. [PMID: 33906226 PMCID: PMC8201552 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis relies heavily on regular preventive chemotherapy. Monitoring drug efficacy is crucial to provide early warning of treatment failures. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a survey design in which only egg-positive individuals are retested after treatment. Although this practice makes more efficient use of resources, it may lead to biased drug efficacy estimates. Methods We performed a simulation study to assess the potential for bias when evaluating drug efficacy using the World Health Organization–recommended survey design, and to identify alternative designs for evaluating drug efficacy that are less affected by bias. These designs were also based on selection of egg-positive individuals, but involve retesting them a second time at baseline and up to 2 times at follow-up. The utility of the different designs was compared fairly by constraining them to the same budget. Results The standard procedure of selecting egg-positive individuals can introduce a substantial positive bias in drug efficacy due to regression toward the mean, particularly when infection levels or drug efficacy are low. This bias was completely eliminated by using a second baseline sample, conditionally on the first sample being excluded from analysis. Precision of estimates can be improved by increasing the number of thick smears and/or samples per person at follow-up, despite fewer individuals being tested within the same budget. Conclusions We present optimized survey designs to monitor drug efficacy in field settings, which are highly relevant for sustained control of soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis, as well as onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc E Coffeng
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Royal Veterinary College , Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Denwood
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Papan C, Schröder M, Hoffmann M, Knoll H, Last K, Albrecht F, Geisel J, Fink T, Gärtner BC, Mellmann A, Volk T, Berger FK, Becker SL. Combined antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures to contain the spread of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in an intensive care unit. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:99. [PMID: 34193293 PMCID: PMC8242281 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The unrestricted use of linezolid has been linked to the emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (LRSE). We report the effects of combined antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures on the spread of LRSE in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Microbiological data were reviewed to identify all LRSE detected in clinical samples at an ICU in southwest Germany. Quantitative data on the use of antibiotics with Gram-positive coverage were obtained in defined daily doses (DDD) per 100 patient-days (PD). In addition to infection control measures, an antibiotic stewardship intervention was started in May 2019, focusing on linezolid restriction and promoting vancomycin, wherever needed. We compared data from the pre-intervention period (May 2018–April 2019) to the post-intervention period (May 2019–April 2020). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to determine the genetic relatedness of LRSE isolates. Results In the pre-intervention period, LRSE were isolated from 31 patients (17 in blood cultures). The average consumption of linezolid and daptomycin decreased from 7.5 DDD/100 PD and 12.3 DDD/100 PD per month in the pre-intervention period to 2.5 DDD/100 PD and 5.7 DDD/100 PD per month in the post-intervention period (p = 0.0022 and 0.0205), respectively. Conversely, vancomycin consumption increased from 0.2 DDD/100 PD per month to 4.7 DDD/100 PD per month (p < 0.0001). In the post-intervention period, LRSE were detected in 6 patients (4 in blood cultures) (p = 0.0065). WGS revealed the predominance of one single clone. Conclusions Complementing infection control measures by targeted antibiotic stewardship interventions was beneficial in containing the spread of LRSE in an ICU. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-021-00970-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Papan
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schröder
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Heike Knoll
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Last
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fink
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara C Gärtner
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Volk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fabian K Berger
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sören L Becker
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
de Guzman Betito G, Pauwels I, Versporten A, Goossens H, De Los Reyes MR, Gler MT. Implementation of a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship programme in a Philippine tertiary care hospital: an evaluation by repeated point prevalence surveys. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 26:157-165. [PMID: 34118483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optimising antimicrobial prescribing in hospitals through antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is essential in addressing the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a hospital-wide programme, delivered by a multidisciplinary AMS team, on antimicrobial prescribing outcomes. METHODS The AMS programme consisted of a combination of persuasive, restrictive, and structural components and was implemented in two phases. We used data from the Global-PPS, collected every six months between September 2017 and December 2019, to measure the antimicrobial use prevalence and monitor selected antibiotic prescribing quality indicators. RESULTS A significantly increasing trend (P < 0.001) was observed for the indicators related to documentation of prescribing, that is the reason for treatment and stop or review date. We observed a significantly decreasing trend (P < 0.001) in the number of prescriptions for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) prescribed for more than 24 h; however, sample sizes for surgical patients were small. For these three indicators, a sudden and pronounced improvement was seen after the second set of interventions, which consisted of (i) an antibiotic documentation policy, (ii) a 24-h automatic stop order for SAP, and (iii) dissemination of new SAP guidelines. A significantly decreasing trend was also observed for hospital-wide antimicrobial use prevalence (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship programme positively influenced antibiotic prescribing practices. Further research should address long-term trends in antibiotic prescribing to establish whether these coordinated activities have led to a sustained behaviour change among prescribers, thereby also evaluating clinical outcomes and antimicrobial resistance rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ines Pauwels
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Ann Versporten
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mari Rose De Los Reyes
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
López-Viñau T, Peñalva G, García-Martínez L, Castón JJ, Muñoz-Rosa M, Cano Á, Recio M, Cisneros JM, Pérez-Nadales E, Rumbao Aguirre J, García-Martínez E, Salcedo I, del Prado JR, de la Fuente C, Martínez-Martínez L, Gracia-Ahufinger I, Torre-Cisneros J. Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on the Incidence of Carbapenem Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:586. [PMID: 34065645 PMCID: PMC8190633 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) are a critical public health threat, and carbapenem use contributes to their spread. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have proven successful in reducing antimicrobial use. However, evidence on the impact of carbapenem resistance remains unclear. We evaluated the impact of a multifaceted ASP on carbapenem use and incidence of CR-GNB in a high-endemic hospital. An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted one year before and two years after starting the ASP to assess carbapenem consumption, CR-GNB incidence, death rates of sentinel events, and other variables potentially related to CR-GNB incidence. An intense reduction in carbapenem consumption occurred after starting the intervention and was sustained two years later (relative effect -83.51%; 95% CI -87.23 to -79.79). The incidence density of CR-GNB decreased by -0.915 cases per 1000 occupied bed days (95% CI -1.743 to -0.087). This effect was especially marked in CR-Klebsiella pneumoniae and CR-Escherichia coli, reversing the pre-intervention upward trend and leading to a relative reduction of -91.15% (95% CI -105.53 to -76.76) and -89.93% (95% CI -107.03 to -72.83), respectively, two years after starting the program. Death rates did not change. This ASP contributed to decreasing CR-GNB incidence through a sustained reduction in antibiotic use without increasing mortality rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa López-Viñau
- Pharmacy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (T.L.-V.); (L.G.-M.); (J.R.d.P.)
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides, Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.J.C.); (Á.C.); (M.R.); (E.P.-N.); (J.T.-C.)
| | - Germán Peñalva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Lucrecia García-Martínez
- Pharmacy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (T.L.-V.); (L.G.-M.); (J.R.d.P.)
| | - Juan José Castón
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides, Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.J.C.); (Á.C.); (M.R.); (E.P.-N.); (J.T.-C.)
| | - Montserrat Muñoz-Rosa
- Microbiology Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, IMIBIC, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edafology and Microbiology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; montserrat.munoz.sspa@xn--juntadeandaluca-ipb.es (M.M.-R.); (L.M.-M.)
| | - Ángela Cano
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides, Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.J.C.); (Á.C.); (M.R.); (E.P.-N.); (J.T.-C.)
| | - Manuel Recio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides, Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.J.C.); (Á.C.); (M.R.); (E.P.-N.); (J.T.-C.)
| | - José Miguel Cisneros
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Elena Pérez-Nadales
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides, Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.J.C.); (Á.C.); (M.R.); (E.P.-N.); (J.T.-C.)
| | - José Rumbao Aguirre
- Hospital Management, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.R.A.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Elena García-Martínez
- Hospital Management, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.R.A.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo
- Preventive Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - José Ramón del Prado
- Pharmacy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (T.L.-V.); (L.G.-M.); (J.R.d.P.)
| | | | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Microbiology Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, IMIBIC, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edafology and Microbiology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; montserrat.munoz.sspa@xn--juntadeandaluca-ipb.es (M.M.-R.); (L.M.-M.)
| | - Irene Gracia-Ahufinger
- Microbiology Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, IMIBIC, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edafology and Microbiology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; montserrat.munoz.sspa@xn--juntadeandaluca-ipb.es (M.M.-R.); (L.M.-M.)
| | - Julián Torre-Cisneros
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides, Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.J.C.); (Á.C.); (M.R.); (E.P.-N.); (J.T.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guisado-Gil AB, Aguilar-Guisado M, Peñalva G, Lepe JA, Espigado I, Rodríguez-Arbolí E, González-Campos J, Rodríguez-Torres N, Montero-Cuadrado MI, Falantes-González JF, Reguera-Ortega JL, Gil-Navarro MV, Molina J, Pérez-Simón JA, Cisneros JM. Long-Term Impact of an Educational Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Management of Patients with Hematological Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020136. [PMID: 33573180 PMCID: PMC7911074 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in hematological patients are especially relevant. However, information about ASPs in this population is scarce. For 11 years, we quarterly assessed antimicrobial consumption and incidence and death rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bloodstream infections (BSI) in the hematology Department. Healthcare activity indicators were also monitored yearly. We performed an interrupted time-series analysis. Antimicrobials showed a sustained reduction with a relative effect of −62.3% (95% CI −84.5 to −40.1) nine years after the inception of the ASP, being especially relevant for antifungals (relative effect −80.4%, −90.9 to −69.9), quinolones (relative effect −85.0%, −102.0 to −68.1), and carbapenems (relative effect −68.8%, −126.0 to −10.6). Incidence density of MDR BSI remained low and stable (mean 1.10 vs. 0.82 episodes per 1000 occupied bed days for the pre-intervention and the ASP period, respectively) with a quarterly percentage of change of −0.3% (95% CI −2.0 to 1.4). Early and late mortality of MDR BSI presented a steady trend (quarterly percentage of change −0.7%, 95% CI −1.7 to 0.3 and −0.6%, 95% CI −1.5 to 0.3, respectively). Volume and complexity of healthcare activity increased over the years. The ASP effectively achieved long-term reductions in antimicrobial consumption and improvements in the prescription profile, without increasing the mortality of MDR BSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Guisado-Gil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.B.G.-G.); (G.P.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.); (J.M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Manuela Aguilar-Guisado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.B.G.-G.); (G.P.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.); (J.M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-670943816
| | - Germán Peñalva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.B.G.-G.); (G.P.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.); (J.M.C.)
| | - José Antonio Lepe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.B.G.-G.); (G.P.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Ildefonso Espigado
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS/CSIC/CIBERONC), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.E.); (E.R.-A.); (J.G.-C.); (N.R.-T.); (M.I.M.-C.); (J.F.F.-G.); (J.L.R.-O.); (J.-A.P.-S.)
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Arbolí
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS/CSIC/CIBERONC), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.E.); (E.R.-A.); (J.G.-C.); (N.R.-T.); (M.I.M.-C.); (J.F.F.-G.); (J.L.R.-O.); (J.-A.P.-S.)
| | - José González-Campos
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS/CSIC/CIBERONC), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.E.); (E.R.-A.); (J.G.-C.); (N.R.-T.); (M.I.M.-C.); (J.F.F.-G.); (J.L.R.-O.); (J.-A.P.-S.)
| | - Nancy Rodríguez-Torres
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS/CSIC/CIBERONC), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.E.); (E.R.-A.); (J.G.-C.); (N.R.-T.); (M.I.M.-C.); (J.F.F.-G.); (J.L.R.-O.); (J.-A.P.-S.)
| | - María Isabel Montero-Cuadrado
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS/CSIC/CIBERONC), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.E.); (E.R.-A.); (J.G.-C.); (N.R.-T.); (M.I.M.-C.); (J.F.F.-G.); (J.L.R.-O.); (J.-A.P.-S.)
| | - José Francisco Falantes-González
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS/CSIC/CIBERONC), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.E.); (E.R.-A.); (J.G.-C.); (N.R.-T.); (M.I.M.-C.); (J.F.F.-G.); (J.L.R.-O.); (J.-A.P.-S.)
| | - Juan Luis Reguera-Ortega
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS/CSIC/CIBERONC), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.E.); (E.R.-A.); (J.G.-C.); (N.R.-T.); (M.I.M.-C.); (J.F.F.-G.); (J.L.R.-O.); (J.-A.P.-S.)
| | | | - José Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.B.G.-G.); (G.P.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.); (J.M.C.)
| | - José-Antonio Pérez-Simón
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS/CSIC/CIBERONC), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.E.); (E.R.-A.); (J.G.-C.); (N.R.-T.); (M.I.M.-C.); (J.F.F.-G.); (J.L.R.-O.); (J.-A.P.-S.)
| | - José Miguel Cisneros
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.B.G.-G.); (G.P.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.); (J.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Impact of restricting procalcitonin measurements in a Swiss tertiary-care hospital on antibiotic use, clinical outcomes, and costs: An interrupted time-series analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020; 42:890-892. [PMID: 33261687 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of a restriction of procalcitonin measurements on antibiotic use, length of stay, mortality, and cost in a Swiss tertiary-care hospital using interrupted time-series analysis. There was no significant change in level or slope for rates of antibiotic consumption, and costs decreased considerably, by ~54,488 CHF (US$55,714) per month.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yuan X, Chen K, Zhao W, Hu S, Yu F, Diao X, Chen X, Hu S. Open-label, single-centre, cluster-randomised controlled trial to Evaluate the Potential Impact of Computerisedantimicrobial stewardship (EPIC) on the antimicrobial use after cardiovascular surgeries: EPIC trial study original protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039717. [PMID: 33243799 PMCID: PMC7692825 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inappropriate antimicrobial use increases the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Surgeons are reluctant to implement recommendations of guidelines in clinical practice. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is effective in antimicrobial management, but it remains labour intensive. The computerised decision support system (CDSS) has been identified as an effective way to enable key elements of AMS in clinical settings. However, insufficient evidence is available to evaluate the efficacy of computerised AMS in surgical settings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Evaluate of the Potential Impact of Computerised AMS trial is an open-label, single-centre, two-arm, cluster-randomised, controlled trial, which aims to determine whether a multicomponent CDSS intervention reduces overall antimicrobial use after cardiovascular surgeries compared with usual clinical care in a specialty hospital with a big volume of cardiovascular surgeries. Eighteen cardiovascular surgical teams will be randomised 1:1 to either the intervention or the control arm. The intervention will consist of (1) re-evaluation alerts and decision support for the duration of antimicrobial treatment decision, (2) re-evaluation alerts and decision support for the choice of antimicrobial, (3) quality control audit and feedback. The primary outcome will be the overall systemic antimicrobial use measured in days of therapy (DOT) per admission and DOT per 1000 patient-days over the whole intervention period (6 months). Secondary outcomes include a series of indices to evaluate antimicrobial use, microbial resistance, perioperative infection outcomes, patient safety, resource consumption, and user compliance and satisfaction. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Ethics Committee in Fuwai Hospital approved this study (2020-1329). The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04328090.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Information Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- National Clinical Research Centre of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Information Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Diao
- Information Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lin L, Alam P, Fearon E, Hargreaves JR. Public target interventions to reduce the inappropriate use of medicines or medical procedures: a systematic review. Implement Sci 2020; 15:90. [PMID: 33081791 PMCID: PMC7574316 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-020-01018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An epidemic of health disorders can be triggered by a collective manifestation of inappropriate behaviors, usually systematically fueled by non-medical factors at the individual and/or societal levels. This study aimed to (1) landscape and assess the evidence on interventions that reduce inappropriate demand of medical resources (medicines or procedures) by triggering behavioral change among healthcare consumers, (2) map out intervention components that have been tried and tested, and (3) identify the “active ingredients” of behavior change interventions that were proven to be effective in containing epidemics of inappropriate use of medical resources. Methods For this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO from the databases’ inceptions to May 2019, without language restrictions, for behavioral intervention studies. Interventions had to be empirically evaluated with a control group that demonstrated whether the effects of the campaign extended beyond trends occurring in the absence of the intervention. Outcomes of interest were reductions in inappropriate or non-essential use of medicines and/or medical procedures for clinical conditions that do not require them. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full text for inclusion and extracted data on study characteristics (e.g., study design), intervention development, implementation strategies, and effect size. Data extraction sheets were based on the checklist from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Results Forty-three studies were included. The behavior change technique taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1), which contains 93 behavioral change techniques (BCTs), was used to characterize components of the interventions reported in the included studies. Of the 93 BCTs, 15 (16%) were identified within the descriptions of the selected studies targeting healthcare consumers. Interventions consisting of education messages, recommended behavior alternatives, and a supporting environment that incentivizes or encourages the adoption of a new behavior were more likely to be successful. Conclusions There is a continued tendency in research reporting that mainly stresses the effectiveness of interventions rather than the process of identifying and developing key components and the parameters within which they operate. Reporting “negative results” is likely as critical as reporting “active ingredients” and positive findings for implementation science. This review calls for a standardized approach to report intervention studies. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42019139537
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leesa Lin
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Prima Alam
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sid Ahmed MA, Abdel Hadi H, Abu Jarir S, Al Khal AL, Al-Maslamani MA, Jass J, Ibrahim EB, Ziglam H. Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship programme on antimicrobial utilization and the prevalence of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an acute care hospital in Qatar. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2020; 2:dlaa050. [PMID: 34223010 PMCID: PMC8210253 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics is universal across all healthcare facilities. In Qatar there has been a substantial increase in antimicrobial consumption coupled with a significant rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) have become a standard intervention for effective optimization of antimicrobial prescribing. METHODS A before-after study was conducted in Hamad General Hospital (603 bed acute care hospital): 1 year before implementation of a comprehensive ASP compared with the following 2 years. The ASP included a hospital-wide pre-authorization requirement by infectious diseases physicians for all broad-spectrum antibiotics. Prevalence of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa was compared with antimicrobial consumption, calculated as DDD per 1000 patient-days (DDD/1000 PD). Susceptibility was determined using broth microdilution, as per CLSI guidelines. Antibiotic use was restricted through the ASP, as defined in the hospital's antibiotic policy. RESULTS A total of 6501 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected prospectively over 3 years (2014-17). Susceptibility to certain antimicrobials improved after the ASP was implemented in August 2015. The prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa showed a sustained decrease from 2014 (9%) to 2017 (5.46%) (P = 0.019). There was a significant 23.9% reduction in studied antimicrobial consumption following ASP implementation (P = 0.008). The yearly consumption of meropenem significantly decreased from 47.32 to 31.90 DDD/1000 PD (P = 0.012), piperacillin/tazobactam from 45.35 to 32.67 DDD/1000 PD (P < 0.001) and ciprofloxacin from 9.71 to 5.63 DDD/1000 PD (P = 0.015) (from 2014 to 2017). CONCLUSIONS The successful implementation of the ASP led to a significant reduction in rates of MDR P. aeruginosa, pointing towards the efficacy of the ASP in reducing AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazen A Sid Ahmed
- Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- The Life Science Centre-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hamad Abdel Hadi
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sulieman Abu Jarir
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Jana Jass
- The Life Science Centre-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Emad Bashir Ibrahim
- Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hisham Ziglam
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Suppan L, Abbas M, Stuby L, Cottet P, Larribau R, Golay E, Iten A, Harbarth S, Gartner B, Suppan M. Effect of an E-Learning Module on Personal Protective Equipment Proficiency Among Prehospital Personnel: Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e21265. [PMID: 32747329 PMCID: PMC7446759 DOI: 10.2196/21265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To avoid misuse of personal protective equipment (PPE), ensure health care workers’ safety, and avoid shortages, effective communication of up-to-date infection control guidelines is essential. As prehospital teams are particularly at risk of contamination given their challenging work environment, a specific gamified electronic learning (e-learning) module targeting this audience might provide significant advantages as it requires neither the presence of learners nor the repetitive use of equipment for demonstration. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a gamified e-learning module could improve the rate of adequate PPE choice by prehospital personnel in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods This was an individual-level randomized, controlled, quadruple-blind (investigators, participants, outcome assessors, and data analysts) closed web-based trial. All emergency prehospital personnel working in Geneva, Switzerland, were eligible for inclusion, and were invited to participate by email in April 2020. Participants were informed that the study aim was to assess their knowledge regarding PPE, and that they would be presented with both the guidelines and the e-learning module, though they were unaware that there were two different study paths. All participants first answered a preintervention quiz designed to establish their profile and baseline knowledge. The control group then accessed the guidelines before answering a second set of questions, and were then granted access to the e-learning module. The e-learning group was shown the e-learning module right after the guidelines and before answering the second set of questions. Results Of the 291 randomized participants, 176 (60.5%) completed the trial. There was no significant difference in baseline knowledge between groups. Though the baseline proportion of adequate PPE choice was high (75%, IQR 50%-75%), participants’ description of the donning sequence was in most cases incorrect. After either intervention, adequate choice of PPE increased significantly in both groups (P<.001). Though the median of the difference in the proportion of correct answers was slightly higher in the e-learning group (17%, IQR 8%-33% versus 8%, IQR 8%-33%), the difference was not statistically significant (P=.27). Confidence in the ability to use PPE was maintained in the e-learning group (P=.27) but significantly decreased in the control group (P=.04). Conclusions Among prehospital personnel with an already relatively high knowledge of and experience with PPE use, both web-based study paths increased the rate of adequate choice of PPE. There was no major added value of the gamified e-learning module apart from preserving participants' confidence in their ability to correctly use PPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Suppan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Philippe Cottet
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert Larribau
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Golay
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Iten
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Gartner
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Suppan
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Doukas FF, Cheong E, McKew G, Gray T, McLachlan AJ, Gottlieb T. Antimicrobial Stewardship Audit and Feedback rounds: moving beyond the restricted antibiotic list and the impact of electronic systems. Intern Med J 2020; 51:1876-1883. [PMID: 32672887 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current methods of antimicrobial usage surveillance have limited efficacy in changing practice due to delayed reporting to clinicians and the inability to stratify by medical specialty. This study was undertaken in a tertiary teaching hospital with a well-established Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) programme and electronic medicines management (eMM) system in Sydney, Australia. AIMS The aim was to describe and analyse the implementation of a novel AMS audit and feedback method, in the context of an eMM system. METHODS The AMS team conducted the audit weekly, and the study design was a prospective, observational study. All acute, adult inpatients were included in this intervention. All active systemic antimicrobial prescriptions on the day of the rounds were included. RESULTS The prevalence of patients on antimicrobial therapy was 37%. The median time taken per round was 44 min for eMM compared to 58 min for paper. All key performance indicators improved over the study period. Appropriateness compared to guidelines increased from 55% to 71%, and documentation of an indication increased from 75% to 98%. 1413 recommendations were made with the most common being to cease an antimicrobial agent. The recommendation uptake rate was 47% at 24 h post-round. CONCLUSIONS AMS rounds are an effective tool for auditing and providing feedback on antimicrobial use and should include all antimicrobials rather than solely 'restricted' agents. These rounds had a high uptake rate, improvements in the appropriateness of antimicrobial use, and a planned duration or review date. A benefit of eMM was improvement in the documentation of indication for antimicrobial agents, and reduced time taken to audit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona F Doukas
- Pharmacy Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia & Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Elaine Cheong
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, 2139, Australia
| | - Genevieve McKew
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, 2139, Australia
| | - Timothy Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, 2139, Australia
| | - Andrew J McLachlan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia & Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Sydney, 2139, Australia
| | - Thomas Gottlieb
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, 2139, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Goodman JE, Prueitt RL, Boffetta P, Halsall C, Sweetman A. "Good Epidemiology Practice" Guidelines for Pesticide Exposure Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5114. [PMID: 32679916 PMCID: PMC7400458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Both toxicology and epidemiology are used to inform hazard and risk assessment in regulatory settings, particularly for pesticides. While toxicology studies involve controlled, quantifiable exposures that are often administered according to standardized protocols, estimating exposure in observational epidemiology studies is challenging, and there is no established guidance for doing so. However, there are several frameworks for evaluating the quality of published epidemiology studies. We previously developed a preliminary list of methodology and reporting standards for epidemiology studies, called Good Epidemiology Practice (GEP) guidelines, based on a critical review of standardized toxicology protocols and available frameworks for evaluating epidemiology study quality. We determined that exposure characterization is one of the most critical areas for which standards are needed. Here, we propose GEP guidelines for pesticide exposure assessment based on the source of exposure data (i.e., biomonitoring and environmental samples, questionnaire/interview/expert record review, and dietary exposures based on measurements of residues in food and food consumption). It is expected that these GEP guidelines will facilitate the conduct of higher-quality epidemiology studies that can be used as a basis for more scientifically sound regulatory risk assessment and policy making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn L. Prueitt
- Gradient, 600 Stewart Street, Suite 1900, Seattle, WA 98101, USA;
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Crispin Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; (C.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrew Sweetman
- Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; (C.H.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rogers Van Katwyk S, Hoffman SJ, Mendelson M, Taljaard M, Grimshaw JM. Strengthening the science of addressing antimicrobial resistance: a framework for planning, conducting and disseminating antimicrobial resistance intervention research. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:60. [PMID: 32513200 PMCID: PMC7278195 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has the potential to threaten tens of millions of lives and poses major global economic and development challenges. As the AMR threat grows, it is increasingly important to strengthen the scientific evidence base on AMR policy interventions, to learn from existing policies and programmes, and to integrate scientific evidence into the global AMR response.While rigorous evaluations of AMR policy interventions are the ideal, they are far from the current reality. To strengthen this evidence base, we describe a framework for planning, conducting and disseminating research on AMR policy interventions. The framework identifies challenges in AMR research, areas for enhanced coordination and cooperation with decision-makers, and best practices in the design of impact evaluations for AMR policies.This framework offers a path forward, enabling increased local and global cooperation, and overcoming common limitations in existing research on AMR policy interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rogers Van Katwyk
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Global Strategy Lab, Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, Faculty of Health and Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - S J Hoffman
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact and McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Global Health & Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - M Mendelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Taljaard
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J M Grimshaw
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gentilotti E, De Nardo P, Nguhuni B, Piscini A, Damian C, Vairo F, Chaula Z, Mencarini P, Torokaa P, Zumla A, Nicastri E, Ippolito G. Implementing a combined infection prevention and control with antimicrobial stewardship joint program to prevent caesarean section surgical site infections and antimicrobial resistance: a Tanzanian tertiary hospital experience. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:69. [PMID: 32430026 PMCID: PMC7236265 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical site infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after caesarean section, especially in Low and Middle Income Countries. We hypothesized that a combined infection prevention and control with antimicrobial stewardship joint program would decrease the rate of post- caesarean section surgical site infections at the Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of a Tanzanian tertiary hospital. Methods The intervention included: 1. formal and on-job trainings on infection prevention and control; 2. evidence-based education on antimicrobial resistance and good antimicrobial prescribing practice. A second survey was performed to determine the impact of the intervention. The primary outcome of the study was post-caesarean section surgical site infections prevalence and secondary outcome the determinant factors of surgical site infections before/after the intervention and overall. The microbiological characteristics and patterns of antimicrobial resistance were ascertained. Results Total 464 and 573 women were surveyed before and after the intervention, respectively. After the intervention, the antibiotic prophylaxis was administered to a significantly higher number of patients (98% vs 2%, p < 0.001), caesarean sections were performed by more qualified operators (40% vs 28%, p = 0.001), with higher rates of Pfannenstiel skin incisions (29% vs 18%, p < 0.001) and of absorbable continuous intradermic sutures (30% vs 19%, p < 0.001). The total number of post-caesarean section surgical site infections was 225 (48%) in the pre-intervention and 95 (17%) in the post intervention group (p < 0.001). A low prevalence of gram-positive isolates and of methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus was detected in the post-intervention survey. Conclusions Further researches are needed to better understand the potential of a hospital-based multidisciplinary approach to surgical site infections and antimicrobial resistance prevention in resource-constrained settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gentilotti
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy. .,Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania.
| | - Pasquale De Nardo
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy.,Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Boniface Nguhuni
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy.,Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Alessandro Piscini
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy.,Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Caroline Damian
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Francesco Vairo
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy
| | - Zainab Chaula
- Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Paola Mencarini
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Torokaa
- Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute of Health Research Biomedical, Research Centre at UCL Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rocha-Pereira N, Figueiredo Dias P, Correia S, Shahriari S, Neves J, Teixeira J, Paiva JA, Lima Alves C, Azevedo A. Persuasive antimicrobial stewardship intervention in the context of a KPC outbreak: a controlled interrupted time series analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:55. [PMID: 32317012 PMCID: PMC7175563 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health threat. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is one of the key strategies to overcome resistance, but robust evidence on the effect of specific interventions is lacking. We report an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis of a persuasive AMS intervention implemented during a KPC producing Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak. METHODS A controlled ITS for carbapenem consumption, total antibiotic consumption and antibiotic-free days, between January 2012 and May 2018 was performed, using segmented regression analysis. The AMS intervention was implemented in the Vascular Surgery ward starting on April 2016 in the context of a KPC outbreak. The General Surgery ward was taken as a control group. Data were aggregated by month for both wards, including 51 pre-intervention and 26 intervention points. RESULTS The AMS intervention produced a level change in carbapenem consumption of - 11.14 DDDs/100 patient-days accompanied by a decreasing trend of total antibiotic consumption and stable rate of antibiotic-free days in Vascular Surgery ward. These differences were not apparent in the control group. No differences in mortality or readmission rates between pre-intervention and intervention periods were noticed in any of the groups. CONCLUSION Persuasive AMS interventions on top of previously implemented restrictive interventions can reduce carbapenem consumption without increasing total antibiotic consumption. Starting persuasive AMS interventions in an outbreak setting does not compromise the sustainability of the intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Rocha-Pereira
- Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Control and Prevention Unit, Hospital Epidemiology Centre, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal. .,Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,UPCIRA, Centro de Epidemiologia Hospitalar, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João EPE, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Figueiredo Dias
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Correia
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shirin Shahriari
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Neves
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Artur Paiva
- Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal.,Grupo de Infecção e Sépsis, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lima Alves
- Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Control and Prevention Unit, Hospital Epidemiology Centre, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal.,Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Hospital Epidemiology Centre, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Al Bahar F, Curtis CE, Alhamad H, Marriott JF. The impact of a computerised decision support system on antibiotic usage in an English hospital. Int J Clin Pharm 2020; 42:765-771. [PMID: 32279235 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance is correlated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Computerised decision support systems may help practitioners to make evidence-based decisions when prescribing antibiotics. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of computerized decision support systems on the volume of antibiotics used. Setting A very large 1200-bed teaching hospital in Birmingham, England. Main outcome measure The primary outcome measure was the defined daily doses/1000 occupied bed-days. Method A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted to examine the impact of computerised decision support systems on the volume of antibiotic use. The study compared two periods: one with computerised decision support systems, which lasted for 2 years versus one without which lasted for 2 years after the withdrawal of computerised decision support systems. Antibiotic use data from June 2012 to June 2016 were analysed (comprising 2 years with computerised decision support systems immediately followed by 2 years where computerised decision support systems had been withdrawn). Regression analysis was applied to assess the change in antibiotic consumption through the period of the study. Result From June 2012 to June 2016, total antibiotic usage increased by 13.1% from 1436 to 1625 defined daily doses/1000 bed-days: this trend of increased antibiotic prescribing was more pronounced following the withdrawal of structured prescribing (computerised decision support systems). There was a difference of means of - 110.14 defined daily doses/1000 bed days of the total usage of antibiotics in the period with and without structured prescribing, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.026). From June 2012 to June 2016, the dominant antibiotic class used was penicillins. The trends for the total consumption of all antibiotics demonstrated an increase of use for all antibiotic classes except for tetracyclines, quinolones, and anti-mycobacterial drugs, whereas aminoglycoside usage remained stable. Conclusion The implementation of computerised decision support systems appears to influence the use of antibiotics by reducing their consumption. Further research is required to determine the specific features of computerised decision support systems, which influence increased higher adoption and uptake of this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Al Bahar
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- School of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, PO Box 132222, Zarqa, 13132, Jordan.
| | - C E Curtis
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - H Alhamad
- School of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, PO Box 132222, Zarqa, 13132, Jordan
| | - J F Marriott
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cui B, Dong Z, Zhao M, Li S, Xiao H, Liu Z, Yan X. Analysis of Adherence to Antihypertensive Drugs in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis Using the China Health Insurance Association Database. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:1195-1204. [PMID: 32764892 PMCID: PMC7373416 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s243665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the adherence to antihypertensive drugs in Chinese patients with hypertension and the factors associated with the drug adherence. METHODS The data for this analysis were obtained from the 2014 China Health Insurance Association (CHIRA) database. The study included 64,576 patients aged ≥18 years who were prescribed one of the seven antihypertensive drugs included in the study in their first prescription in 2014 and were observed for ≥180 days. The medicine possession ratio (MPR) was calculated and taken as the measure of treatment adherence. MPR values <0.3, 0.3 to <0.5, 0.5 to <0.8, and ≥0.8 were considered treatment adherence very low, low, intermediate, and high, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to present baseline data and treatment adherence rate. Multiple regression models were used to determine independent factors which can affect the treatment adherence rate. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Among the study antihypertensive drugs, amlodipine (33.98%), metoprolol (25.04%), and nifedipine (17.15%) were the frequently prescribed drugs. Nifedipine controlled release tablet had the highest MPR (0.61), followed by valsartan (0.53), valsartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination (0.50), indapamide (0.40), and amlodipine (0.39), whereas benazepril (0.27) and metoprolol (0.19) had the lowest MPR. Higher reimbursement ratio, regular tertiary hospitals visits, lower age, and lower daily medical cost positively affected treatment adherence, whereas longer duration of illness and higher daily average cost affected treatment adherence negatively. CONCLUSION Our study assessed that prescribing more cost-effective, long-acting antihypertensive drugs, and raising the reimbursement ratio were associated with a better treatment adherence in Chinese patients with hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cui
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Dong
- Human Resources and Social Security, Chinese Academy of Labour and Social Security, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Company Limited (China), Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Company Limited (China), Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhitao Liu
- Medical Affairs, Bayer Healthcare Company Limited (China), Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaowei Yan Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China Email
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Resman F. Antimicrobial stewardship programs; a two-part narrative review of step-wise design and issues of controversy Part I: step-wise design of an antimicrobial stewardship program. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2020; 7:2049936120933187. [PMID: 32612826 PMCID: PMC7307277 DOI: 10.1177/2049936120933187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of one's opinion of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs), it is hardly possible to work in hospital care and not be exposed to the term or its practical effects. Despite the term being relatively new, the number of publications in the field is vast, including several excellent reviews of general and specific aspects. Work in antimicrobial stewardship is complex, and includes not only aspects of infectious disease and microbiology, but also of epidemiology, genetics, behavioural psychology, systems science, economics and ethics, to name a few. This review aims to take several of these aspects and the scientific evidence of antimicrobial stewardship studies and merge them into two questions: How should we design ASPs based on what we know today? And which are the most essential unanswered questions regarding antimicrobial stewardship on a broader scale? This narrative review is written in two separate parts aiming to provide answers to the two questions. This first part is written as a step-wise approach to designing a stewardship intervention based on the pillars of unmet need, feasibility, scientific evidence and necessary core elements. It is written mainly as a guide to someone new to the field. It is sorted into five distinct steps: (a) focusing on designing aims; (b) assessing performance and local barriers to rational antimicrobial use; (c) deciding on intervention technique; (d) practical, tailored design including core element inclusion; and (e) evaluation and sustainability. The second part, published separately, formulates ten critical questions on controversies in the field of antimicrobial stewardship. It is aimed at clinicians and researchers with stewardship experience and strives to promote discussion, not to provide answers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Resman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical
Infection Medicine, Lund University, Rut Lundskogs Gata 3, Plan 6, Malmö, 20502,
Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sid Ahmed MA, Hassan AAI, Abu Jarir S, Abdel Hadi H, Bansal D, Abdul Wahab A, Muneer M, Mohamed SF, Zahraldin K, Hamid JM, Alyazidi MA, Mohamed M, Sultan AA, Söderquist B, Ibrahim EB, Jass J. Emergence of Multidrug- and Pandrug- Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Five Hospitals in Qatar. Infect Prev Pract 2019; 1:100027. [PMID: 34368684 PMCID: PMC8336314 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2019.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A global rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial infections has led to a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. MDR Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are recognised for rapidly developing drug resistance. Despite Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the second most common GNB isolated from healthcare associated infections, the magnitude of MDR P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA) has not been evaluated in Qatar. Aim To assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MDR-PA from 5 major hospitals in Qatar. Methods A total of 2533 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were collected over a one-year period. MDR-PA was defined as resistance to at least one agent of ≥ 3 antibiotic classes. Clinical and demographic data were collected prospectively. Findings The overall prevalence of MDR-PA isolates was 8.1% (205/2533); the majority of isolates were from patients exposed to antibiotics during 90 days prior to isolation (85.4 %, 177/205), and the infections were mainly hospital-acquired (95.1%, 195/205) with only 4.9% from the community. The majority of MDR-PA isolates were resistant to cefepime (96.6%, 198/205), ciprofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam (91%, 186/205), and meropenem (90%, 184/205). Patient comorbidities with MDR-PA were diabetes mellitus (47.3%, n=97), malignancy (17.1%, n=35), end-stage renal disease (13.7%, n=28) and heart failure (10.7%, n=22). Conclusion There was a significant prevalence of MDR-PA in Qatar, primarily from healthcare facilities and associated with prior antibiotic treatment. There was an alarming level of antimicrobial resistance to carbapenems. Our results are part of a national surveillance of MDR to establish effective containment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Sid Ahmed
- Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,The Life Science Centre - Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - A A I Hassan
- Division of General Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - S Abu Jarir
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - H Abdel Hadi
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - D Bansal
- Communicable Disease Control Programs, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Abdul Wahab
- Departments of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Muneer
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - S F Mohamed
- Hematology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Zahraldin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - J M Hamid
- Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - M A Alyazidi
- Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Women Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - A A Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - B Söderquist
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - E B Ibrahim
- Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - J Jass
- The Life Science Centre - Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schweitzer VA, van Werkhoven CH, Rodríguez Baño J, Bielicki J, Harbarth S, Hulscher M, Huttner B, Islam J, Little P, Pulcini C, Savoldi A, Tacconelli E, Timsit JF, van Smeden M, Wolkewitz M, Bonten MJM, Walker AS, Llewelyn MJ. Optimizing design of research to evaluate antibiotic stewardship interventions: consensus recommendations of a multinational working group. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:41-50. [PMID: 31493472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial stewardship interventions and programmes aim to ensure effective treatment while minimizing antimicrobial-associated harms including resistance. Practice in this vital area is undermined by the poor quality of research addressing both what specific antimicrobial use interventions are effective and how antimicrobial use improvement strategies can be implemented into practice. In 2016 we established a working party to identify the key design features that limit translation of existing research into practice and then to make recommendations for how future studies in this field should be optimally designed. The first part of this work has been published as a systematic review. Here we present the working group's final recommendations. METHODS An international working group for design of antimicrobial stewardship intervention evaluations was convened in response to the fourth call for leading expert network proposals by the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR). The group comprised clinical and academic specialists in antimicrobial stewardship and clinical trial design from six European countries. Group members completed a structured questionnaire to establish the scope of work and key issues to develop ahead of a first face-to-face meeting that (a) identified the need for a comprehensive systematic review of study designs in the literature and (b) prioritized key areas where research design considerations restrict translation of findings into practice. The working group's initial outputs were reviewed by independent advisors and additional expertise was sought in specific clinical areas. At a second face-to-face meeting the working group developed a theoretical framework and specific recommendations to support optimal study design. These were finalized by the working group co-ordinators and agreed by all working group members. RESULTS We propose a theoretical framework in which consideration of the intervention rationale the intervention setting, intervention features and the intervention aims inform selection and prioritization of outcome measures, whether the research sets out to determine superiority or non-inferiority of the intervention measured by its primary outcome(s), the most appropriate study design (e.g. experimental or quasi- experimental) and the detailed design features. We make 18 specific recommendation in three domains: outcomes, objectives and study design. CONCLUSIONS Researchers, funders and practitioners will be able to draw on our recommendations to most efficiently evaluate antimicrobial stewardship interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A Schweitzer
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C H van Werkhoven
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Rodríguez Baño
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla and Biomedicine Institute of Sevilla (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - J Bielicki
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Research Group, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - S Harbarth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Hulscher
- Scientific Centre for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - B Huttner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Islam
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - P Little
- Department of Primary Care Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C Pulcini
- Infectious Diseases Department, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - A Savoldi
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Verona, Italy; University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Tuebingen University, Germany
| | - E Tacconelli
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Verona, Italy; University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Tuebingen University, Germany
| | - J-F Timsit
- Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; UMR 1137, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - M van Smeden
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M Wolkewitz
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M J M Bonten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A S Walker
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M J Llewelyn
- Department of Primary Care Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bassetti M, Giacobbe DR, Vena A, Brink A. Challenges and research priorities to progress the impact of antimicrobial stewardship. Drugs Context 2019; 8:212600. [PMID: 31516534 PMCID: PMC6726362 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship programmes have been playing an important role in patient care and hospital policies. These programmes are now recognised as formal strategies for curbing the upward trend in antibiotic resistance and for improving the appropriate antimicrobial and antifungal use. The role of such programs in the era of antimicrobial resistance presents several unique challenges and opportunities, most notably in the diagnostic and therapeutic setting. Controversies remain regarding the most effective interventions and the appropriate design to evaluate their impact. In this review, based on rounds of discussion, we explain the most important challenges faced by antibiotic stewardship and antifungal stewardship programmes. We also try to suggest areas for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS per l'Oncologia, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, DISSAL, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS per l'Oncologia, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, DISSAL, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Vena
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Adrian Brink
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mouwen AMA, Dijkstra JA, Jong E, Buijtels PCAM, Pasker-de Jong PCM, Nagtegaal JE. Early switching of antibiotic therapy from intravenous to oral using a combination of education, pocket-sized cards and switch advice: A practical intervention resulting in reduced length of hospital stay. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 55:105769. [PMID: 31362046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of a combined intervention on the timing and rate of switching from intravenous (IV) to oral antibiotic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used a historically-controlled prospective intervention design. Interventions consisted of educating physicians, handing out pocket-sized cards and providing switch advice in the electronic patient record (EPR). All patients hospitalized at the surgery department who were treated with IV antibiotics for at least 24 h and who fulfilled the switch criteria within 72 h of IV treatment were included. Outcomes before and during the intervention were compared. RESULTS An early IV to oral switch took place in 35.4% (35/99) of the antibiotic courses in the baseline period and in 67.7% (42/62) of the antibiotic courses in the intervention period (odds ratio [OR] 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96-7.53). Duration of IV therapy was significantly reduced from 5 to 3 days (P<0.01). Length of hospitalization was reduced from 6 to 5 days (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The interventions were effective in promoting an early IV to oral antibiotic switch by shortening the length of IV therapy and hospital stay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M A Mouwen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - J A Dijkstra
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - E Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - P C A M Buijtels
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - P C M Pasker-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Meander Academy, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - J E Nagtegaal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Infection prevention: is copper the new gold? J Hosp Infect 2019; 101:109-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
40
|
Systematic review of the use of time series data in the study of antimicrobial consumption and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 15:69-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
41
|
de Kraker MEA, Harbarth S, Dancer SJ. Shining a light on ultraviolet-C disinfection: No golden promises for infection prevention. Am J Infect Control 2018; 46:1422-1423. [PMID: 30293742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
42
|
Schweitzer VA, van Heijl I, van Werkhoven CH, Islam J, Hendriks-Spoor KD, Bielicki J, Bonten MJM, Walker AS, Llewelyn MJ. The quality of studies evaluating antimicrobial stewardship interventions: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:555-561. [PMID: 30472426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial stewardship aims to optimize antibiotic use and minimize selection of antimicrobial resistance. The methodological quality of published studies in this field is unknown. AIMS Our objective was to perform a comprehensive systematic review of antimicrobial stewardship research design and identify features which limit validity and translation of research findings into clinical practice. SOURCES The following online database was searched: PubMed. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies published between January 1950 and January 2017, evaluating any antimicrobial stewardship intervention in the community or hospital setting, without restriction on study design or outcome. CONTENT We extracted data on pre-specified design quality features and factors that may influence design choices including (1) clinical setting, (2) age group studied, (3) when the study was conducted, (4) geographical region, and (5) financial support received. The initial search yielded 17 382 articles; 1008 were selected for full-text screening, of which 825 were included. Most studies (675/825, 82%) were non-experimental; 104 (15%) used interrupted time series analysis, 41 (6%) used external controls, and 19 (3%) used both. Studies in the community setting fulfilled a median of five out of 10 quality features (IQR 3-7) and 3 (IQR 2-4) in the hospital setting. Community setting studies (25%, 205/825) were significantly more likely to use randomization (OR 5.9; 95% CI 3.8-9.2), external controls (OR 5.6; 95% CI 3.6-8.5), and multiple centres (OR 10.5; 95% CI 7.1-15.7). From all studies, only 48% (398/825) reported clinical and 23% (190/825) reported microbiological outcomes. Quality did not improve over time. IMPLICATIONS Overall quality of antimicrobial stewardship studies is low and has not improved over time. Most studies do not report clinical and microbiological outcome data. Studies conducted in the community setting were associated with better quality. These limitations should inform the design of future stewardship evaluations so that a robust evidence base can be built to guide clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A Schweitzer
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - I van Heijl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Medical Microbiology, Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum/Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - C H van Werkhoven
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Islam
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - K D Hendriks-Spoor
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Medical Microbiology, Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum/Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - J Bielicki
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Research Group, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - M J M Bonten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A S Walker
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - M J Llewelyn
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wathne JS, Kleppe LKS, Harthug S, Blix HS, Nilsen RM, Charani E, Smith I. The effect of antibiotic stewardship interventions with stakeholder involvement in hospital settings: a multicentre, cluster randomized controlled intervention study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:109. [PMID: 30214718 PMCID: PMC6131848 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited evidence from multicenter, randomized controlled studies to inform planning and implementation of antibiotic stewardship interventions in hospitals. Methods A cluster randomized, controlled, intervention study was performed in selected specialities (infectious diseases, pulmonary medicine and gastroenterology) at three emergency care hospitals in Western Norway. Interventions applied were audit with feedback and academic detailing. Implementation strategies included co-design of interventions with stakeholders in local intervention teams and prescribers setting local targets for change in antibiotic prescribing behaviour. Primary outcome measures were adherence to national guidelines, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and change in locally defined targets of change in prescribing behaviour. Secondary outcome measures were length of stay, 30-day readmission, in-hospital- and 30-day mortality. Results One thousand eight hundred two patients receiving antibiotic treatment were included. Adherence to guidelines had an absolute increase from 60 to 66% for all intervention wards (p = 0.04). Effects differed across specialties and pulmonary intervention wards achieved a 14% absolute increase in adherence (p = 0.003), while no change was observed for other specialties. A pulmonary ward targeting increased use of penicillin G 2 mill IU × 4 for pneumonia and COPD exacerbations had an intended increase of 30% for this prescribing behaviour (p < 0.001). Conclusions Pulmonary wards had a higher increase in adherence, independent of applied intervention. The effect of antibiotic stewardship interventions is dependent on how and in which context they are implemented. Additional effects of interventions are seen when stakeholders discuss ward prescribing behaviour and agree on specific targets for changes in prescribing practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannicke Slettli Wathne
- 1Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,2Norwegian Advisory Unit for Antibiotic Use in Hospitals, Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Quality and Development, Hospital Pharmacies Enterprise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Kåre Selland Kleppe
- 4Department of Infectious Diseases and Unit for Infection Prevention and Control, Department of Research and Education, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Stig Harthug
- 1Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,2Norwegian Advisory Unit for Antibiotic Use in Hospitals, Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hege Salvesen Blix
- 5Department of Drug Statistics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roy M Nilsen
- 6Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Esmita Charani
- 7NHIR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Ingrid Smith
- 8Innovation, Access and Use, Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, World Health Organization (WHO), Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rzewuska M, Charani E, Clarkson JE, Davey PG, Duncan EM, Francis JJ, Gillies K, Kern WV, Lorencatto F, Marwick CA, McEwen J, Möhler R, Morris AM, Ramsay CR, Rogers Van Katwyk S, Skodvin B, Smith I, Suh KN, Grimshaw JM. Prioritizing research areas for antibiotic stewardship programmes in hospitals: a behavioural perspective consensus paper. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:163-168. [PMID: 30195471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs) are necessary in hospitals to improve the judicious use of antibiotics. While ASPs require complex change of key behaviours on individual, team organization and policy levels, evidence from the behavioural sciences is underutilized in antibiotic stewardship studies across the world, including high-income countries (HICs). A consensus procedure was performed to propose research priority areas for optimizing effective implementation of ASPs in hospital settings using a behavioural perspective. METHODS A workgroup for behavioural approaches to ASPs was convened in response to the fourth call for leading expert network proposals by the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR). Eighteen clinical and academic specialists in antibiotic stewardship, implementation science and behaviour change from four HICs with publicly funded healthcare systems (e.g. Canada, Germany, Norway and the UK) met face-to-face to agree on broad research priority areas using a structured consensus method. Question addressed and recommendations: The consensus process assessing the ten identified research priority areas resulted in recommendations that need urgent scientific interest and funding to optimize effective implementation of ASPs for hospital inpatients in HICs with publicly funded healthcare systems. We suggest and detail behavioural science evidence-guided research efforts in the following areas: (a) comprehensively identifying barriers and facilitators to implementing ASPs and clinical recommendations intended to optimize antibiotic prescribing; (b) identifying actors ('who') and actions ('what needs to be done') of ASPs and clinical teams; (c) synthesizing available evidence to support future research and planning for ASPs; (d) specifying the activities in current ASPs with the purpose of defining a control group for comparison with new initiatives; (e) defining a balanced set of outcomes and measures to evaluate the effects of interventions focused on reducing unnecessary exposure to antibiotics; (f) conducting robust evaluations of ASPs with built-in process evaluations and fidelity assessments; (g) defining and designing ASPs; (h) establishing the evidence base for impact of ASPs on resistance; (i) investigating the role and impact of government and policy contexts on ASPs; and (j) understanding what matters to patients in ASPs in hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Assessment, revisions and updates of our priority-setting exercise should be considered at intervals of 2 years. To propose research priority areas in low- and middle-income countries, the methodology reported here could be applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rzewuska
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - E Charani
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J E Clarkson
- Schools of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - P G Davey
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, London, UK
| | - E M Duncan
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J J Francis
- School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | - K Gillies
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - W V Kern
- University of Freiburg Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Lorencatto
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - C A Marwick
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, London, UK
| | | | - R Möhler
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine (for Cochrane Germany Foundation), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A M Morris
- Sinai Health System, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C R Ramsay
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Rogers Van Katwyk
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - B Skodvin
- Norwegian Advisory Unit for Antibiotic Use in Hospitals, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Smith
- Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K N Suh
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J M Grimshaw
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
De-escalation and discontinuation strategies in high-risk neutropenic patients: an interrupted time series analyses of antimicrobial consumption and impact on outcome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:1931-1940. [PMID: 30051357 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is the main reason for antibiotic prescription in hematology wards where, on the other hand, antibiotic stewardship (AS) is poorly explored. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate (1) the impact of an AS intervention on antibiotic consumption and (2) the applicability and acceptance rate of the intervention and its clinical impact. A persuasive AS intervention based on European Conference on Infection in Leukaemia (ECIL) guidelines for FN was implemented in a high-risk hematology ward in a tertiary referral public university hospital. This included the creation and diffusion of flow charts on de-escalation and discontinuation of antibiotics for FN, and the introduction in the team of a doctor dedicated to the implementation of flow charts and to antibiotic prescription revision. All consecutive patients receiving antibiotics during hospitalization were included. A segmented linear regression model was performed for the evaluation of antibiotic consumption, taking into account 1-year pre-intervention period and 6-month intervention period. Overall, 137 consecutive antibiotic prescriptions were re-evaluated, 100 prescriptions were for FN. A significant reduction of the level of carbapenem consumption was observed during the intervention period (level change (estimate coefficient ± standard error) = - 135.28 ± 59.49; p = 0.04). Applicability and acceptability of flow charts were high. No differences in terms of intensive care unit transfers, bacteremia incidence, and mortality were found. A persuasive AS intervention in hematology significantly reduced carbapenem consumption without affecting outcome and was well accepted. This should encourage further applications of ECIL guidelines for FN.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bertollo LG, Lutkemeyer DS, Levin AS. Are antimicrobial stewardship programs effective strategies for preventing antibiotic resistance? A systematic review. Am J Infect Control 2018; 46:824-836. [PMID: 29472107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been proposed as a solution for the global burden of antibiotic resistance, despite the lack of evidence on the subject. OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of ASPs in reducing bacterial resistance to antibiotics in hospital settings. DATA SOURCES A review in PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO databases was performed. The period analyzed was January 1, 2012-January 4, 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies that related ASPs to bacterial resistance. DATA EXTRACTION All studies that did not focus on ASPs were removed. Antifungal and antiviral programs were excluded. RESULTS Only 8 studies had quasi-experimental designs, and none were controlled trials. ASP strategies and microorganism-antibiotic pairs evaluated varied widely. Seven studies were classified as presenting clearly positive results, 3 had limited positive results, 7 had doubtful results, 4 had negative results, and 5 had noninterpretable results. The implementation of new infection control practices occurred in 7 studies. LIMITATIONS There are yet few studies on this matter, and most of them have inadequate study designs. Great heterogeneity between study features was detrimental to drawing evidence-based conclusions. CONCLUSIONS There is no solid evidence that ASPs are effective in reducing antibiotic resistance in hospital settings. We uphold the need for more studies with appropriate study designs, standardized ASP interventions targeting common microorganism-antibiotic pairs, and avoiding simultaneous implementation of infection control practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro G Bertollo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Diego S Lutkemeyer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna S Levin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Catho G, De Kraker M, Waldispühl Suter B, Valotti R, Harbarth S, Kaiser L, Elzi L, Meyer R, Bernasconi E, Huttner BD. Study protocol for a multicentre, cluster randomised, superiority trial evaluating the impact of computerised decision support, audit and feedback on antibiotic use: the COMPuterized Antibiotic Stewardship Study (COMPASS). BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022666. [PMID: 29950480 PMCID: PMC6042555 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inappropriate use of antimicrobials in hospitals contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions aim to improve antimicrobial prescribing, but they are often resource and personnel intensive. Computerised decision supportsystems (CDSSs) seem a promising tool to improve antimicrobial prescribing but have been insufficiently studied in clinical trials. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The COMPuterized Antibiotic Stewardship Study trial, is a publicly funded, open-label, cluster randomised, controlled superiority trial which aims to determine whether a multimodal CDSS intervention integrated in the electronic health record (EHR) reduces overall antibiotic exposure in adult patients hospitalised in wards of two secondary and one tertiary care centre in Switzerland compared with 'standard-of-care' AMS. Twenty-four hospital wards will be randomised 1:1 to either intervention or control, using a 'pair-matching' approach based on baseline antibiotic use, specialty and centre. The intervention will consist of (1) decision support for the choice of antimicrobial treatment and duration of treatment for selected indications (based on indication entry), (2) accountable justification for deviation from the local guidelines (with regard to the choice of molecules and duration), (3) alerts for self-guided re-evaluation of treatment on calendar day 4 of antimicrobial therapy and (4) monthly ward-level feedback of antimicrobial prescribing indicators. The primary outcome will be the difference in overall systemic antibiotic use measured in days of therapy per admission based on administration data recorded in the EHR over the whole intervention period (12 months), taking into account clustering. Secondary outcomes include qualitative and quantitative antimicrobial use indicators, economic outcomes and clinical, microbiological and patient safety indicators. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained for all participating sites (Comission Cantonale d'Éthique de la Recherche (CCER)2017-00454). The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Further dissemination activities will be presentations/posters at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03120975; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaud Catho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marlieke De Kraker
- Infection Control Program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Roberta Valotti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Infection Control Program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luigia Elzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Giovanni, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rodolphe Meyer
- Division of Informatics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt D Huttner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Infection Control Program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Van Dijck C, Vlieghe E, Cox JA. Antibiotic stewardship interventions in hospitals in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2018; 96:266-280. [PMID: 29695883 PMCID: PMC5872012 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.203448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review the effectiveness of antibiotic stewardship interventions in hospitals in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and regional indexes for studies of interventions to improve appropriate prescribing and use of antibiotics for hospitalized patients in low- and middle-income countries. We included controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies and interrupted time-series studies published up to December 2017. We report prescribing, clinical and microbiological outcomes using a narrative approach. Findings We screened 7342 original titles and abstracts, assessed 241 full-text articles and included 27 studies from 2 low-income and 11 middle-income countries. We found a medium (11 studies) or high risk (13 studies) of bias. Generally, all types of interventions (structural, persuasive and enabling) and intervention bundles were reported to improve prescribing and clinical outcomes. However, the studied interventions and reported outcomes varied widely. The most frequent intervention was procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment (8 of 27 studies, all randomized controlled trials). The intervention was associated with a relative risk for patients receiving antibiotics ranging between 0.40 and 0.87. Conclusion The majority of studies reported a positive effect of hospital antibiotic stewardship interventions. However, we cannot draw general conclusions about the effectiveness of such interventions in low- and middle-income countries because of low study quality, heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes, and under-representation of certain settings. To strengthen the evidence base, action needs to be taken to address these shortcomings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Van Dijck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Erika Vlieghe
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Janneke Arnoldine Cox
- Unit of Tropical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pulcini C, Huttner A. CMI policy on antimicrobial stewardship research. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:91-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
50
|
So M, Mamdani MM, Morris AM, Lau TTY, Broady R, Deotare U, Grant J, Kim D, Schimmer AD, Schuh AC, Shajari S, Steinberg M, Bell CM, Husain S. Effect of an antimicrobial stewardship programme on antimicrobial utilisation and costs in patients with leukaemia: a retrospective controlled study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:882-888. [PMID: 29138099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of an antimicrobial stewardship programme on utilization and cost of antimicrobials in leukaemia patients in Canada. METHODS We conducted a multisite retrospective observational time series study from 2005 to 2013. We implemented academic detailing as the intervention of an antimicrobial stewardship programme in leukaemia units at a hospital, piloted February-July 2010, then fully implemented December 2010-March 2013, with no intervention in August-November 2010. Internal control was the same hospital's allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation unit. External control was the combined leukaemia-haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation unit at another hospital. Primary outcome was antimicrobial utilization (antibiotics and antifungals) in defined daily dose per 100 patient-days (PD). Secondary outcomes were antimicrobial cost (Canadian dollars per PD); cost and utilization by drug class; length of stay; 30-day inpatient mortality; and nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection. We used autoregressive integrated moving average models to evaluate the impact of the intervention on outcomes. RESULTS The intervention group included 1006 patients before implementation and 335 during full implementation. Correspondingly, internal control had 723 and 264 patients, external control 1395 and 864 patients. Antimicrobial utilization decreased significantly in the intervention group (p <0.01, 278 vs. 247 defined daily dose per 100 PD), increased in external control (p = 0.02, 237.4 vs. 268.9 defined daily dose per 100 PD) and remained stable in internal control (p = 0.66). Antimicrobial cost decreased in the intervention group (p = 0.03; $154.59 per PD vs. $128.93 per PD), increased in external control (p = 0.01; $109.4 per PD vs. $135.97 per PD) but was stable in internal control (p = 0.27). Mortality, length of stay and nosocomial C. difficile rate in intervention group remained stable. CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial stewardship programme reduced antimicrobial use in leukaemia patients without affecting inpatient mortality and length of stay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M So
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M M Mamdani
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; St Michael's Hospital Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| | - A M Morris
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - T T Y Lau
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - R Broady
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - U Deotare
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Grant
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Kim
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A D Schimmer
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A C Schuh
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Shajari
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - C M Bell
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada; Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Husain
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|