1
|
Zhao Y, Jing W, Li L, Zhao S, Yamasaki M. Dynamical modeling the effect of glucagon-like peptide on glucose-insulin regulatory system based on mice experimental observation. Math Biosci 2023; 366:109090. [PMID: 37890522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging global epidemic, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Existing evidences demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) modulate the glucose regulatory system by enhancing the β-cell function. However, the detailed process of GLP-1 in glycaemic regulator for T2DM remains to be clarified. Thus, in this study, we propose an Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice high fat and cholesterol dietary experimental data-driven mathematical model to investigate the secretory effect of GLP-1 on the dynamics of glucose-insulin regulatory system. Specifically, we develop a mathematical model of GLP-1 dynamics as part of the interaction model of β-cell, insulin, and glucose dynamics. The parameter estimation and data fitting are in agreement with the data in mice experiments In addition, uncertainty quantification is performed to explore the possible factors that influence the pathways leading to the pathological state. Model analyses reveal that the high fat or high cholesterol diet stimulated GLP-1 plays an important role in the dynamics of glucose, insulin and β cells in short-term. These results show that enhanced GLP-1 may mitigate the dysregulation of glucose-insulin regulatory system via promoting the β cells function and stimulating secretion of insulin, which offers an in-depth insights into the mechanistic of hyperglycemia from dynamical approach and provide the theoretical basis for GLP-1 served as a potential clinical targeted drug for treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750001, China.
| | - Wenjun Jing
- School of Statistics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Shi Zhao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masayuki Yamasaki
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Shimane, 6908504, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rao F, Zhang Z, Li J. Dynamical analysis of a glucose-insulin regulatory system with insulin-degrading enzyme and multiple delays. J Math Biol 2023; 87:73. [PMID: 37856001 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-02003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamics of a glucose-insulin regulatory system model that incorporates: (1) insulin-degrading enzyme in the insulin equation; and (2) discrete time delays respectively in the insulin production term, hepatic glucose production term, and the insulin-degrading enzyme. We provide rigorous results of our model including the asymptotic stability of the equilibrium solution and the existence of Hopf bifurcation. We show that analytically and numerically at a certain value the time delays driven stability or instability occurs when the corresponding model has an interior equilibrium. Moreover, we illustrate the oscillatory regulation and insulin secretion via numerical simulations, which show that the model dynamics exhibit physiological observations and more information by allowing parameters to vary. Our results may provide useful biological insights into diabetes for the glucose-insulin regulatory system model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Rao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhongliang Zhang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Mathematics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alonso-Bastida A, Salazar-Piña DA, Adam-Medina M, Ramos-García ML. Socioeconomic Level and the Relationship in Glycemic Behavior in the Mexican Population. A Nutritional Alternative Focused on Vulnerable Populations. J Community Health 2023; 48:687-697. [PMID: 36930364 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, numerical approximations were generated to analyze the behavior of glycemic variations in the non-diabetic population of the Mexican republic. The main objective of this work is to obtain an overview of the glycemic variations in the non-diabetic population from different socioeconomic statuses in Mexico (Medium-high, medium, and low). Thus, evaluating the effect on the glucose level under a healthy diet considering the socioeconomic capabilities of the population. Through the national health and nutrition survey of Mexico 2020 and the Mexican food base, 1420 virtual patients were proposed (522 low status, 485 medium status and 413 Medium-High status) focused on simulating the glycemic behavior in each of the survey participants. Considering that the average food expenditure of the Mexican population is $107.00 MXN, and the cost of a healthy diet is $66.50 MXN, the economic sustainability of the Mexican population to adopt a healthy diet is revealed. The particularity of this work is focused on obtaining diverse data that are difficult to access in the development of population analyses. Such is the case of the approach proposed for different socioeconomic statuses. In this way, the proposed methodology provides a framework for complementary research contributions to the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Alonso-Bastida
- TecNM/CENIDET, Electronic Engineering Department, Interior Internado Palmira S/N, Palmira, Cuernavaca, 62490, Morelos, Mexico
| | - D A Salazar-Piña
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62350, Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - M Adam-Medina
- TecNM/CENIDET, Electronic Engineering Department, Interior Internado Palmira S/N, Palmira, Cuernavaca, 62490, Morelos, Mexico
| | - M L Ramos-García
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62350, Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eichenlaub MM, Khovanova NA, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Hattersley JG. A Glucose-Only Model to Extract Physiological Information from Postprandial Glucose Profiles in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:1532-1540. [PMID: 34225468 PMCID: PMC9631515 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211026978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current mathematical models of postprandial glucose metabolism in people with normal and impaired glucose tolerance rely on insulin measurements and are therefore not applicable in clinical practice. This research aims to develop a model that only requires glucose data for parameter estimation while also providing useful information on insulin sensitivity, insulin dynamics and the meal-related glucose appearance (GA). METHODS The proposed glucose-only model (GOM) is based on the oral minimal model (OMM) of glucose dynamics and substitutes the insulin dynamics with a novel function dependant on glucose levels and GA. A Bayesian method and glucose data from 22 subjects with normal glucose tolerance are utilised for parameter estimation. To validate the results of the GOM, a comparison to the results of the OMM, obtained by using glucose and insulin data from the same subjects is carried out. RESULTS The proposed GOM describes the glucose dynamics with comparable precision to the OMM with an RMSE of 5.1 ± 2.3 mg/dL and 5.3 ± 2.4 mg/dL, respectively and contains a parameter that is significantly correlated to the insulin sensitivity estimated by the OMM (r = 0.7) Furthermore, the dynamic properties of the time profiles of GA and insulin dynamics inferred by the GOM show high similarity to the corresponding results of the OMM. CONCLUSIONS The proposed GOM can be used to extract useful physiological information on glucose metabolism in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. The model can be further developed for clinical applications to patients with impaired glucose tolerance under the use of continuous glucose monitoring data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M. Eichenlaub
- School of Engineering, University of
Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Coventry NIHR CRF Human Metabolic
Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry,
UK
- Institut für Diabetes-Technologie,
Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universität Ulm, Ulm,
Germany
| | - Natasha A. Khovanova
- School of Engineering, University of
Warwick, Coventry, UK
- University Hospitals Coventry and
Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Natasha Khovanova, PhD, School of
Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Mary C. Gannon
- Department of Medicine, Minneapolis
Veterans Affairs Health Care System / University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
| | - Frank Q. Nuttall
- Department of Medicine, Minneapolis
Veterans Affairs Health Care System / University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
| | - John G. Hattersley
- School of Engineering, University of
Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Coventry NIHR CRF Human Metabolic
Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry,
UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Syafiie S. H ∞ controller and observer synthesis with delay and nonlinear perturbation of double diabetes systems. ISA TRANSACTIONS 2021; 111:24-34. [PMID: 33309159 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Patient having type 1 diabetes mellitus (having insulin resistance experience) cannot be treated solely by treatment procedure of type 1 patient nor does treatment employed for type 2 diabetes work for such patient. This type of diabetes patient needs a specific insulin injection procedure. For continuous insulin injection, the patient has to be classified as a different group from type 1 and type 2 patient. The patients experiencing both type 1 and 2 are called double diabetes mellitus (DDM) patient. Dynamic behavior of the patient was presented in delay differential equation (DDE). Based on the developed DDE of DDM model, controllers and observers fulfilling H∞ norm bound are designed for this specific group of diabetes mellitus patient. Also, a nominal controller and a nominal observer are synthesized to check the proposed controller's ability for disturbance rejection, which is the glucose intake. The performance of the designed controller and observer is evaluated for a population of simulated patients. It shows that controller and observer are able to regulate and estimate, respectively, glycaemic for population of double diabetes patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Syafiie
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sepasi S, Kalat AA, Seyedabadi M. An adaptive back-stepping control for blood glucose regulation in type 1 diabetes. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
7
|
Chudtong M, Gaetano AD. A mathematical model of food intake. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:1238-1279. [PMID: 33757185 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic, hormonal and psychological determinants of the feeding behavior in humans are numerous and complex. A plausible model of the initiation, continuation and cessation of meals taking into account the most relevant such determinants would be very useful in simulating food intake over hours to days, thus providing input into existing models of nutrient absorption and metabolism. In the present work, a meal model is proposed, incorporating stomach distension, glycemic variations, ghrelin dynamics, cultural habits and influences on the initiation and continuation of meals, reflecting a combination of hedonic and appetite components. Given a set of parameter values (portraying a single subject), the timing and size of meals are stochastic. The model parameters are calibrated so as to reflect established medical knowledge on data of food intake from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database during years 2015 and 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mantana Chudtong
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Mathematics, the Commission on Higher Education, Si Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Andrea De Gaetano
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (CNR-IRIB), Palermo, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica "A. Ruberti" (CNR-IASI), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
ESSAMBA MAH URSULE, WOAFO PAUL. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AN ELECTRODYNAMIC TRANSDUCER CONTROL OF INSULIN PROVISION IN THE BERGMAN’S AND THE CHENG’S MODELS FOR THE DYNAMICS OF THE COUPLE GLUCOSE-INSULIN IN DIABETICS. J MECH MED BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519420500554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the numerical simulation of a model of blood glucose level control of a diabetic person using an electrodynamic transducer. Two mathematical models describing the dynamics of the couple glucose–insulin are used: the Bergman’s and the Cheng’s models. First, the adaptive control is applied on the dynamics of a reservoir opener by an electrodynamic transducer. Then it is applied on the two models of the glucose–insulin dynamics. It is found that the control of the reservoir opener and that of the glycemia of a diabetic patient are efficient for some values of the control parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- URSULE ESSAMBA MAH
- Lab. Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, Biomimetics and Prototypes and TWAS Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - PAUL WOAFO
- Lab. Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, Biomimetics and Prototypes and TWAS Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Belmon AP, Auxillia J. An adaptive technique based blood glucose control in type-1 diabetes mellitus patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 36:e3371. [PMID: 32453489 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) based type 1 diabetes mellitus system utilizing the nonlinear Bergman minimal model with proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. GOA is the optimization algorithm, which is utilized for selecting the optimized tuning parameters of the PID controller also solves the nonlinear system parameter identification problem. The novelty of the proposed study is to stabilize the glucose level in blood for type 1 diabetic patients by infusion of insulin in reduced time with optimal quantity. Without any intervention to the normal activities of patients, the supply of insulin injection and glucose monitoring is performed automatically for type 1 diabetic patients using this controller. In between the measured variable and set point, the difference is calculated by the PID controller to evaluate an error values. In realistic patient oriented conditions, the control performance evaluation, control optimization, and advanced patient modelling should be highly concentrated during the research/analysis on blood glucose control. Evaluation is performed to analyze control performances and implementation is done on Simulink/MATLAB environment. The performance analysis of the type 1 diabetes mellitus system with GOA technique is also discussed and to improve the control performance, to optimize the controller parameters. The simulation results have proved the substantial improvement in the performance of proposed algorithm with the better results achieved than the other conventional controllers such as PSO-PID and EHO-PID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anchana P Belmon
- Department of ECE, Maria College of Engineering & Technology, Attoor, India
| | - Jeraldin Auxillia
- Department of ECE, St. Xavier's Catholic College of Engineering, Chunkankadai, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Flores-Martínez MA, Osorio-Gordillo GL, Vargas-Méndez RA, Reyes-Reyes J. Fuzzy functional observer for the control of the glucose-insulin system. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-182872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.-A. Flores-Martínez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Interior Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - G.-L. Osorio-Gordillo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Interior Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - R.-A. Vargas-Méndez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Interior Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - J. Reyes-Reyes
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Interior Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gutiérrez-Diez PJ, López-Marcos MÁ, Martínez-Rodríguez J, Russo J. The effects of time valuation in cancer optimal therapies: a study of chronic myeloid leukemia. Theor Biol Med Model 2019; 16:10. [PMID: 31138288 PMCID: PMC6540446 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-019-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mathematical design of optimal therapies to fight cancer is an important research field in today's Biomathematics and Biomedicine given its relevance to formulate patient-specific treatments. Until now, however, cancer optimal therapies have considered that malignancy exclusively depends on the drug concentration and the number of cancer cells, ignoring that the faster the cancer grows the worse the cancer is, and that early drug doses are more prejudicial. Here, we analyze how optimal therapies are affected when the time evolution of treated cancer is envisaged as an additional element determining malignancy, analyzing in detail the implications for imatinib-treated Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. METHODS Taking as reference a mathematical model describing Chronic Myeloid Leukemia dynamics, we design an optimal therapy problem by modifying the usual malignancy objective function, unaware of any temporal dimension of cancer malignance. In particular, we introduce a time valuation factor capturing the increase of malignancy associated to the quick development of the disease and the persistent negative effects of initial drug doses. After assigning values to the parameters involved, we solve and simulate the model with and without the new time valuation factor, comparing the results for the drug doses and the evolution of the disease. RESULTS Our computational simulations unequivocally show that the consideration of a time valuation factor capturing the higher malignancy associated with early growth of cancer and drug administration allows more efficient therapies to be designed. More specifically, when this time valuation factor is incorporated into the objective function, the optimal drug doses are lower, and do not involve medically relevant increases in the number of cancer cells or in the disease duration. CONCLUSIONS In the light of our simulations and as biomedical evidence strongly suggests, the existence of a time valuation factor affecting malignancy in treated cancer cannot be ignored when designing cancer optimal therapies. Indeed, the consideration of a time valuation factor modulating malignancy results in significant gains of efficiency in the optimal therapy with relevant implications from the biomedical perspective, specially when designing patient-specific treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro José Gutiérrez-Diez
- Department of Economic Theory and IMUVA, Faculty of Economics, Avda. Valle Esgueva 6, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011 Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López-Marcos
- Department of Applied Mathematics and IMUVA, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, Valladolid, 47011 Spain
| | - Julia Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Applied Economics and IMUVA, Faculty of Economics, University of Valladolid, Avda. Valle Esgueva 6, Valladolid, 47011 Spain
| | - Jose Russo
- Director of the Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, 19111-2497 PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bahremand S, Ko HS, Balouchzadeh R, Felix Lee H, Park S, Kwon G. Neural network-based model predictive control for type 1 diabetic rats on artificial pancreas system. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 57:177-191. [PMID: 30069675 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Artificial pancreas system (APS) is a viable option to treat diabetic patients. Researchers, however, have not conclusively determined the best control method for APS. Due to intra-/inter-variability of insulin absorption and action, an individualized algorithm is required to control blood glucose level (BGL) for each patient. To this end, we developed model predictive control (MPC) based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), which combines ANN for BGL prediction based on inputs and MPC for BGL control based on the ANN (NN-MPC). First, we developed a mathematical model for diabetic rats, which was used to identify individual virtual subjects by fitting to empirical data collected through an APS, including BGL data, insulin injection, and food intake. Then, the virtual subjects were used to generate datasets for training ANNs. The NN-MPC determines control actions (insulin injection) based on BGL predicted by the ANN. To evaluate the NN-MPC, we conducted experiments using four virtual subjects under three different scenarios. Overall, the NN-MPC maintained BGL within the normal range about 90% of the time with a mean absolute deviation of 4.7 mg/dl from a desired BGL. Our findings suggest that the NN-MPC can provide subject-specific BGL control in conjunction with a closed-loop APS. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Bahremand
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, USA
| | - Hoo Sang Ko
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, USA.
| | - Ramin Balouchzadeh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, USA
| | - H Felix Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, USA
| | - Sarah Park
- Research and Instructional Services, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Guim Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Strilka RJ, Trexler ST, Sjulin TJ, Armen SB. A qualitative numerical study of glucose dynamics in patients with stress hyperglycemia and diabetes receiving intermittent and continuous enteral feeds. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
14
|
Bhat RK, Deo G, Mavathur R, Srinivasan TM. Correlation of Electrophotonic Imaging Parameters With Fasting Blood Sugar in Normal, Prediabetic, and Diabetic Study Participants. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:441-448. [PMID: 27821611 PMCID: PMC5871158 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216674314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electrophotonic imaging (EPI), also known as gas discharge visualization, is a technique of capturing images of phenomena not quantifiable by the naked eye. Different sectors at the tip of fingers represent various organs and systems as per the Chinese system of acupuncture. The images from these fingertips can be used to determine the state of health. This is done with the help of a CCD camera fitted in the EPI equipment and the specific software relevant for analysis. AIM To observe the correlation between EPI parameters and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels in normal, prediabetic, and diabetic study participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 102 participants were selected for this study from various yoga camps and Arogyadham at Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana Yoga University, Bengaluru, India. The selected participants belonged to 3groups-normal, prediabetic, and diabetic-depending on the FBS levels. The distribution of participants was 29 normal, 13 prediabetic, and 60 diabetic. RESULTS Regression analysis in the case of prediabetics showed a significant relationship of FBS with pancreas and right kidney. In the case of normal participants, a significant relationship of FBS was found with area and form coefficient of the EPI gram. For diabetics, regression analysis showed significant relationship of FBS with immune organs, left kidney, area, intensity, and entropy of EPI grams. CONCLUSION FBS correlates differently in the normal, prediabetic, and diabetic groups. In the prediabetic group, correlation of FBS with EPI parameters pancreas and right kidney is noteworthy and in line with latest findings in medical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guru Deo
- S-VYASA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oviedo S, Vehí J, Calm R, Armengol J. A review of personalized blood glucose prediction strategies for T1DM patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 33:e2833. [PMID: 27644067 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a methodological review of models for predicting blood glucose (BG) concentration, risks and BG events. The surveyed models are classified into three categories, and they are presented in summary tables containing the most relevant data regarding the experimental setup for fitting and testing each model as well as the input signals and the performance metrics. Each category exhibits trends that are presented and discussed. This document aims to be a compact guide to determine the modeling options that are currently being exploited for personalized BG prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Oviedo
- Institut d'Informàtica i Aplicacions, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Vehí
- Institut d'Informàtica i Aplicacions, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Edifici P4, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Remei Calm
- Institut d'Informàtica i Aplicacions, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Edifici P4, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Armengol
- Institut d'Informàtica i Aplicacions, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Edifici P4, 17071, Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yadav J, Rani A, Singh V. Performance Analysis of Fuzzy-PID Controller for Blood Glucose Regulation in Type-1 Diabetic Patients. J Med Syst 2016; 40:254. [PMID: 27714563 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-016-0602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents Fuzzy-PID (FPID) control scheme for a blood glucose control of type 1 diabetic subjects. A new metaheuristic Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) is utilized to optimize the gains of FPID controller. CSA provides fast convergence and is capable of handling global optimization of continuous nonlinear systems. The proposed controller is an amalgamation of fuzzy logic and optimization which may provide an efficient solution for complex problems like blood glucose control. The task is to maintain normal glucose levels in the shortest possible time with minimum insulin dose. The glucose control is achieved by tuning the PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) and FPID controller with the help of Genetic Algorithm and CSA for comparative analysis. The designed controllers are tested on Bergman minimal model to control the blood glucose level in the facets of parameter uncertainties, meal disturbances and sensor noise. The results reveal that the performance of CSA-FPID controller is superior as compared to other designed controllers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Yadav
- Instrumentation and Control Engineering Division, NSIT, Sec-3, Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
| | - Asha Rani
- Instrumentation and Control Engineering Division, NSIT, Sec-3, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijander Singh
- Instrumentation and Control Engineering Division, NSIT, Sec-3, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Strilka RJ, Stull MC, Clemens MS, McCaver SC, Armen SB. Simulation and qualitative analysis of glucose variability, mean glucose, and hypoglycemia after subcutaneous insulin therapy for stress hyperglycemia. Theor Biol Med Model 2016; 13:3. [PMID: 26819233 PMCID: PMC4728764 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-016-0029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The critically ill can have persistent dysglycemia during the “subacute” recovery phase of their illness because of altered gene expression; it is also not uncommon for these patients to receive continuous enteral nutrition during this time. The optimal short-acting subcutaneous insulin therapy that should be used in this clinical scenario, however, is unknown. Our aim was to conduct a qualitative numerical study of the glucose-insulin dynamics within this patient population to answer the above question. This analysis may help clinicians design a relevant clinical trial. Methods Eight virtual patients with stress hyperglycemia were simulated by means of a mathematical model. Each virtual patient had a different combination of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency that defined their unique stress hyperglycemia state; the rate of gluconeogenesis was also doubled. The patients received 25 injections of subcutaneous regular or Lispro insulin (0-6 U) with 3 rates of continuous nutrition. The main outcome measurements were the change in mean glucose concentration, the change in glucose variability, and hypoglycemic episodes. These end points were interpreted by how the ultradian oscillations of glucose concentration were affected by each insulin preparation. Results Subcutaneous regular insulin lowered both mean glucose concentrations and glucose variability in a linear fashion. No hypoglycemic episodes were noted. Although subcutaneous Lispro insulin lowered mean glucose concentrations, glucose variability increased in a nonlinear fashion. In patients with high insulin resistance and nutrition at goal, “rebound hyperglycemia” was noted after the insulin analog was rapidly metabolized. When the nutritional source was removed, hypoglycemia tended to occur at higher Lispro insulin doses. Finally, patients with severe insulin resistance seemed the most sensitive to insulin concentration changes. Conclusions Subcutaneous regular insulin consistently lowered mean glucose concentrations and glucose variability; its linear dose-response curve rendered the preparation better suited for a sliding-scale protocol. The longer duration of action of subcutaneous regular insulin resulted in better glycemic-control metrics for patients who were continuously postprandial. Clinical trials are needed to examine whether these numerical results represent the glucose-insulin dynamics that occur in intensive care units; if present, their clinical effects should be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Strilka
- Department of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Mamie C Stull
- Department of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Michael S Clemens
- Department of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Stewart C McCaver
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Scott B Armen
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care and Critical Care Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stull MC, Strilka RJ, Clemens MS, Armen SB. Comparison of Subcutaneous Regular Insulin and Lispro Insulin in Diabetics Receiving Continuous Nutrition: A Numerical Study. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2015; 10:137-44. [PMID: 26134836 PMCID: PMC4738201 DOI: 10.1177/1932296815593291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal management of non-critically ill patients with diabetes maintained on continuous enteral feeding (CEN) is poorly defined. Subcutaneous (SQ) lispro and SQ regular insulin were compared in a simulated type 1 and type 2 diabetic patient receiving CEN. METHOD A glucose-insulin feedback mathematical model was employed to simulate type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients on CEN. Each patient received 25 SQ injections of regular insulin or insulin lispro, ranging from 0-6 U. Primary endpoints were the change in mean glucose concentration (MGC) and change in glucose variability (GV); hypoglycemic episodes were also reported. The model was first validated against patient data. RESULTS Both SQ insulin preparations linearly decreased MGC, however, SQ regular insulin decreased GV whereas SQ lispro tended to increase GV. Hourly glucose concentration measurements were needed to capture the increase in GV. In the type 2 diabetic patient, "rebound hyperglycemia" occurred after SQ lispro was rapidly metabolized. Although neither SQ insulin preparation caused hypoglycemia, SQ lispro significantly lowered MGC compared to SQ regular insulin. Thus, it may be more likely to cause hypoglycemia. Analyses of the detailed glucose concentration versus time data suggest that the inferior performance of lispro resulted from its shorter duration of action. Finally, the effects of both insulin preparations persisted beyond their duration of actions in the type 2 diabetic patient. CONCLUSIONS Subcutaneous regular insulin may be the short-acting insulin preparation of choice for this subset of diabetic patients. Clinical trial is required before a definitive recommendation can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamie C Stull
- Department of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard J Strilka
- Department of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Clemens
- Department of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott B Armen
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care and Critical Care Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hatakeyama Y, Kataoka H, Nakajima N, Watabe T, Fujimoto S, Okuhara Y. Prediction model for glucose metabolism based on lipid metabolism. Methods Inf Med 2014; 53:357-63. [PMID: 24986162 DOI: 10.3414/me14-01-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We developed a robust, long-term clinical prediction model to predict conditions leading to early diabetes using laboratory values other than blood glucose and insulin levels. Our model protects against missing data and noise that occur during long-term analysis. METHODS RESULTS of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were divided into three groups: diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal (n = 114, 235, and 325, respectively). For glucose metabolic and lipid metabolic parameters, near 30-day mean values and 10-year integrated values were compared. The relation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and variations in HbA1c was analyzed in 158 patients. We also constructed a state space model consisting of an observation model (HDL-C and HbA1c) and an internal model (disorders of lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism) and applied this model to 116 cases. RESULTS The root mean square error between the observed HbA1c and predicted HbA1c was 0.25. CONCLUSIONS In the observation model, HDL-C levels were useful for prediction of increases in HbA1c. Even with numerous missing values over time, as occurs in clinical practice, clinically valid predictions can be made using this state space model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hatakeyama
- Yutaka Hatakeyama, Center of Medical Information Science, Kochi University Medical School, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, Kochi 783-8505, Japan, E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Strilka RJ, Armen SB, Indeck MC. Qualitative analysis of subcutaneous Lispro and regular insulin injections for stress hyperglycemia: a pilot numerical study. J Theor Biol 2014; 356:192-200. [PMID: 24769252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased glucose variability (GV) is an independent risk factor for mortality in the critically ill; unfortunately, the optimal insulin therapy that minimizes GV is not known. We simulate the glucose-insulin feedback system to study how stress hyperglycemia (SH) states, taken to be a non-uniform group of physiologic disorders with varying insulin resistance (IR) and similar levels of hyperglycemia, respond to the type and dose of subcutaneous (SQ) insulin. Two groups of 100 virtual patients are studied: those receiving and those not receiving continuous enteral feeds. Stress hyperglycemia was facilitated by doubling the gluconeogenesis rate and IR was stepwise varied from a borderline to a high value. Lispro and regular insulin were simulated with dosages that ranged from 0 to 6 units; the resulting GV was analyzed after each insulin injection. The numerical model used consists of a set of non-linear differential equations with two time delays and five adjustable parameters. The results show that regular insulin decreased GV in both patient groups and rarely caused hypoglycemia. With continuous enteral feeds and borderline to mild IR, Lispro showed minimal effect on GV; however, rebound hyperglycemia that increased GV occurred when the IR was moderate to high. Without a nutritional source, Lispro worsened GV through frequent hypoglycemia episodes as the injection dose increased. The inferior performance of Lispro is a result of its rapid absorption profile; half of its duration of action is similar to the glucose ultradian period. Clinical trials are needed to examine whether these numerical results represent the glucose-insulin dynamics that occur in intensive care units, and if such dynamics are present, their clinical effects should be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Strilka
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care and Critical Care Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, UPC II, Suite 3100, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Scott B Armen
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care and Critical Care Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, UPC II, Suite 3100, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Matthew C Indeck
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care and Critical Care Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, UPC II, Suite 3100, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Palumbo P, Ditlevsen S, Bertuzzi A, De Gaetano A. Mathematical modeling of the glucose–insulin system: A review. Math Biosci 2013; 244:69-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Wu Z, Chui CK, Hong GS, Khoo E, Chang S. Glucose-insulin regulation model with subcutaneous insulin injection and evaluation using diabetic inpatients data. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 111:347-356. [PMID: 23756090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Closed-loop insulin delivery systems often implement glucose measurement and insulin administration in the subcutis. However some existing models for glucose-insulin system ignored the dynamics of subcutaneous glucose and subcutaneously-injected insulin. This paper reports a two-compartment model that includes glucose and insulin dynamics in subcutis, and its evaluation using patient data. Clinical information such as glucose level, insulin dosage, insulin injection time and meals of anonymous diabetes inpatients was collected. Measured glucose level of the diabetic inpatients agrees with that of computer simulation. Due to the lack of glucose-insulin model with subcutaneously-injected insulin for type 2 diabetic patients, our model was compared with existing model for type 1 subjects. The new glucose-insulin model can mimic dynamics of glucose and insulin under the disturbance of insulin injections and meals. Model parameters were estimated using nonlinear least square method and their effect on pathology and physiology of diabetes were analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Wu
- EA 04-06, Control and Mechatronics Lab 1, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 9 Engineering Drive 1, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu SW, Huang HP, Lin CH, Chien IL. A Hybrid Neural Network Model Predictive Control with Zone Penalty Weights for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie202308w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ping Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and
Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - I-Lung Chien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu Z, Chui CK, Hong GS, Chang S. Physiological analysis on oscillatory behavior of glucose–insulin regulation by model with delays. J Theor Biol 2011; 280:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|