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Tan B, Guo J, Wang L, Wang L, Gan X, Chen B. Expression and change of miR-199b-5p, s HLA-G in thyroid carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 120:104643. [PMID: 33932399 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aims to investigate the relationship between the expression of microRNA-199b-5p (miR-199b-5p) and soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G) in thyroid cancer tissues and its clinicopathological characteristics, as well as its impact on prognosis. METHODS Frozen tissues and serum from 85 patients with thyroid cancer, 27 with thyroid adenoma, 19 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 14 with nodular goiter from February 2014 to March 2016 were sampled. The miR-199b-5pmRNA expression in tissues was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Serum HLA-G expression was detected by ELISA, and the relationship between s HLA-G expression and clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer was analyzed. The relationship between 1- and 3-year survival rates of all patients and the expression of both detection indexes was observed. RESULTS Compared with normal thyroid specimens, nodular goiter, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid adenoma and thyroid cancer patients, the relative expression of miR-199b-5pmRNA in thyroid cancer tissues was the lowest, while that of s HLA-G was the highest in serum of patients (P < 0.05). The levels of miR-199b-5pmRNA and serum s HLA-G in tumor tissues were correlated with clinical pathological features such as tumor size, differentiation degree, capsule invasion, lymph node metastasis, etc. (all P < 0.05). The expression of miR-199b-5pmRNA and s HLA-G were negatively correlated. ROC curve identified that miR-199b-5pmRNA and HLA-g had obvious diagnostic value for thyroid cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis manifested that the 1- and 3-year survival rates of the miR-199b-5p low expression group in thyroid cancer tissues were lower than the miR-199b-5p high expression group, and the rates of the s HLA-G low expression group were higher than the s HLA-G high expression group. CONCLUSION The miR-199b-5p expression in thyroid cancer tissues and HLA-g in serum were related to tumor size, differentiation degree, capsular invasion, lymph node metastasis and other characteristics. MiR-199b-5p may jointly affect the progression of thyroid cancer with s HLA-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jinglan Guo
- Department of Clinical laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xilun Gan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Boxun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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Najafimehr H, Hajizadeh N, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Pourhoseingholi MA, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Ashtari S, Zali MR. The role of Human leukocyte antigen class I on patient survival in Gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:728. [PMID: 31959894 PMCID: PMC6970991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic role of Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA- I) in gastrointestinal cancers has been remained controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the role of classical HLA-I in predicting survival of patients. In addition, the relationship between HLA- I and some clinicopathological factors was evaluated. Published studies investigated HLA-I expression effect on gastrointestinal cancers were evaluated to determine association between HLA- I and overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients. The used effect sizes were hazard ratio (HR) and Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of ten studies included 1307 patients were analyzed. The pooled results revealed that HLA- I overexpression was positively related to OS (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53–0.96) and demonstrated little association for RFS (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.46–1.08). HLA-I overexpression is negative associated with poorer differentiation of tumor (OR: 0.53; 95% CI (0.43–0.81) and also higher stages of cancer (OR: 0.29; 95% CI (0.13–0.64). HLA- I overexpression was related to a better prognosis on OS and probably had little impact on RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Najafimehr
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Hajizadeh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Sara Ashtari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang XK, Liao XW, Yang CK, Yu TD, Liu ZQ, Gong YZ, Huang KT, Zeng XM, Han CY, Zhu GZ, Qin W, Peng T. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of Human Leukocyte Antigen complex for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:5173-5190. [PMID: 31602270 PMCID: PMC6775598 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus infection had been identified its relationship with liver diseases, including liver tumors. We aimed to explore diagnostic and prognostic values between the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We used the GSE14520 dataset to explore diagnostic and prognostic significance between HLA complex and HCC. A nomogram was constructed to predict survival probability of HCC prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis was explored using gene ontologies and metabolic pathways. Validation of prognostic values of the HLA complex was performed in the Kaplan-Meier Plotter website. Results: We found that HLA-C showed the diagnostic value (P <0.0001, area under curve: 0.784, sensitivity: 93.14%, specificity: 62.26%). In addition, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-F showed prognostic values for overall survival, and HLA-A, HLA-C, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DQA1 showed prognostic values for recurrence-free survival (all P ≤ 0.05, elevated 0.927, 0.992, 1.023, 0.918, 0.937 multiples compared to non-tumor tissues, respectively). Gene set enrichment analysis found that they were involved in antigen processing and toll like receptor signalling pathway, etc. The nomogram was evaluated for survival probability of HCC prognosis. Validation analysis indicated that HLA-C, HLA-DPA1, HLA-E, HLA-F and HLA-G were associated with HCC prognosis of overall survival (all P ≤ 0.05, elevated 0.988 and 0.997 multiples compared to non-tumor tissues, respectively). Conclusion: HLA-C might be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. HLA-DPA1 and HLA-F might be prognostic biomarkers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ting-Dong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zheng-Qian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ke-Tuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xian-Min Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chuang-Ye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
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Uchida E, Suwa S, Yoshimoto R, Watanabe K, Kasama T, Miura O, Fukuda T. TOPK is regulated by PP2A and BCR/ABL in leukemia and enhances cell proliferation. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1785-1796. [PMID: 30864683 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has improved with the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), patients develop fatal blast crisis (BC) whilst receiving TKI treatment. Alternative treatments for cases resistant to TKIs are required. A serine/threonine protein kinase, T‑lymphokine‑activated killer cell‑originated protein kinase (TOPK), is highly expressed in various malignant tumors. Binding of peptides to human leukocyte antigen was assessed via mass spectrometry in K562 CML cells. TOPK expression was assessed in various CML cell lines and in clinical samples obtained from patients with CML using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. It was observed that TOPK was expressed abundantly in BCR/ABL‑positive cell lines and at significantly higher levels in CML clinical samples compared with healthy donor samples. Overexpression of BCR/ABL or the presence of its inhibitor imatinib upregulated and downregulated TOPK expression, respectively, indicating that TOPK may be a target of BCR/ABL. TOPK inhibitor OTS514 suppressed proliferation of BCR/ABL‑positive cell lines and colony formation of CD34‑positive cells from patients with CML compared with lymphoma patients without bone marrow involvement. Furthermore, phosphorylation of TOPK was increased by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid and was decreased in the presence of PP2A activator FTY720 compared with untreated samples. As constitutive BCR/ABL activity and inhibition of PP2A are key mechanisms of CML development, TOPK may be a crucial signaling molecule for this disease. Inhibition of TOPK may control disease status of CML, even in cases resistant to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Shihoko Suwa
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Ryoto Yoshimoto
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fukuda
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
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5
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Traini G, Ruiz-de-Angulo A, Blanco-Canosa JB, Zamacola Bascarán K, Molinaro A, Silipo A, Escors D, Mareque-Rivas JC. Cancer Immunotherapy of TLR4 Agonist-Antigen Constructs Enhanced with Pathogen-Mimicking Magnetite Nanoparticles and Checkpoint Blockade of PD-L1. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1803993. [PMID: 30569516 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous potential of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists in vaccines, their efficacy as monotherapy to treat cancer has been limited. Only some lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from particular bacterial strains or structures like monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) derived from lipooligosaccharide (LOS), avoid toxic overactivation of innate immune responses while retaining adequate immunogenicity to act as adjuvants. Here, different LOS structures are incorporated into nanoparticle-filled phospholipid micelles for efficient vaccine delivery and more potent cancer immunotherapy. The structurally unique LOS of the plant pathogen Xcc is incorporated into phospholipid micelles encapsulating iron oxide nanoparticles, producing stable pathogen-mimicking nanostructures suitable for targeting antigen presenting cells in the lymph nodes. The antigen is conjugated via a hydrazone bond, enabling rapid, easy-to-monitor and high-yield antigen ligation at low concentrations. The protective effect of these constructs is investigated against a highly aggressive model for tumor immunotherapy. The results show that the nanovaccines lead to a higher-level antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector and memory responses, which when combined with abrogation of the immunosuppressive programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), provide 100% long-term protection against repeated tumor challenge. This nanovaccine platform in combination with checkpoint inhibition of PD-L1 represents a promising approach to improve the cancer immunotherapy of TLR4 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Traini
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Molinaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant' Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant' Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - David Escors
- Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, Fundación Miguel Servet-IdISNA, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan C Mareque-Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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6
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Yang Y, Alderman C, Sehlaoui A, Xiao Y, Wang W. MicroRNAs as Immunotherapy Targets for Treating Gastroenterological Cancers. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:9740357. [PMID: 30046565 PMCID: PMC6038585 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9740357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroenterological cancers are the most common cancers categorized by systems and are estimated to comprise 18.4% of all cancers in the United States in 2017. Gastroenterological cancers are estimated to contribute 26.2% of cancer-related death in 2017. Gastroenterological cancers are characterized by late diagnosis, metastasis, high recurrence, and being refractory to current therapies. Since the current targeted therapies provide limited benefit to the overall response and survival, there is an urgent need for developing novel therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of gastroenterological cancers. Immunotherapy has been developed and underwent clinical trials, but displayed limited therapeutic benefit. Since aberrant expressions of miRNAs are found in gastroenterological cancers and miRNAs have been shown to regulate antitumor immunity, the combination therapy combining the traditional antibody-based immunotherapy and novel miRNA-based immunotherapy is promising for achieving clinical success. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs that exhibit immunoregulatory roles in gastroenterological cancers and precancerous diseases of digestive system, as well as the miRNA-based clinical trials for gastroenterological cancers. This review also analyzes the ongoing challenge of identifying appropriate therapy candidates for complex and dynamic tumor microenvironment, ensuring efficient and targeted delivery to specific cancer tissues, and developing strategy for avoiding off-target effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Yang
- College of Natural, Applied and Health Sciences, Kean University, 100 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Christopher Alderman
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ayoub Sehlaoui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, 1 Kellogg Circle, Emporia, KS 66801, USA
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, 1 Kellogg Circle, Emporia, KS 66801, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery III, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
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Bocanegra Gondan AI, Ruiz-de-Angulo A, Zabaleta A, Gómez Blanco N, Cobaleda-Siles BM, García-Granda MJ, Padro D, Llop J, Arnaiz B, Gato M, Escors D, Mareque-Rivas JC. Effective cancer immunotherapy in mice by polyIC-imiquimod complexes and engineered magnetic nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2018; 170:95-115. [PMID: 29656235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Encouraging results are emerging from systems that exploit Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling, nanotechnology, checkpoint inhibition and molecular imaging for cancer immunotherapy. A major remaining challenge is developing effective, durable and tumour-specific immune responses without systemic toxicity. Here, we report a simple and versatile system based on synergistic activation of immune responses and direct cancer cell killing by combined TLR ligation using polyIC as TLR3 and imiquimod (R837) as TLR7 agonist, in combination with the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and phospholipid micelles loaded with zinc-doped iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The combination of TLR agonists triggered a strong innate immune response in the lymph nodes (LNs) without systemic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The vaccines showed excellent efficacy against aggressive B16-F10 melanoma cells expressing OVA, which was improved with immune checkpoint abrogation of the immunosuppressive programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) at the level of the cancer cells. By magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear imaging we could track the vaccine migration from the site of injection to LNs and tumour. Overall, we show this synergistic TLR agonists and their combination with MNPs and immune checkpoint blockade to have considerable potential for preclinical and clinical development of vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Padro
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Blanca Arnaiz
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Gato
- Department of Oncology, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, Fundación Miguel Servet, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Escors
- Department of Oncology, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, Fundación Miguel Servet, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan C Mareque-Rivas
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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8
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Chen Q, Luo G, Zhang X. MiR-148a modulates HLA-G expression and influences tumor apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4448-4452. [PMID: 29067119 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor type, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for the majority of EC cases. Previous studies have reported that microRNA (miR)-148a is downregulated in patients with recurrent EC. The human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is expressed to a high level in primary ESCC tissues and is associated with prognosis. A previous luciferase assay indicated that HLA-G is a target of miR-148a regulation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression level of miR-148a in primary ESCC. The regulatory role of miR-148a in HLA-G expression and cell proliferation in ESCC cells was also investigated. The relative expression level of miR-148a was compared between ESCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The human ESCC cell line EC9706 was transfected with miR-148a mimic, non-homologous RNA duplex (negative control; NC) or empty vector (blank control; BC). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to assess the level of HLA-G expression. The cells were stained with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide and cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. The level of miR-148a expression was significantly lower in primary ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (P<0.01). In EC9706 cells transfected with miR-148a mimic, the rate of apoptosis was increased ~13-fold when compared with BC cells (P<0.01). Furthermore, the mRNA level of HLA-G was significantly reduced in cells transfected with miR-148a mimic (P<0.01). The protein levels of HLA-G were also notably decreased. Transfection with non-homologous RNA duplex did not influence the rate of cell apoptosis or expression of HLA-G when compared with the BC group. In conclusion, miR-148a was indicated to be involved in carcinogenesis in primary ESCC through the regulation of HLA-G expression. The current results suggest that miR-148a is a potential biomarker of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Gimenes F, Teixeira JJV, de Abreu ALP, Souza RP, Pereira MW, da Silva VRS, Bôer CG, Maria-Engler SS, Bonini MG, Borelli SD, Consolaro MEL. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G and cervical cancer immunoediting: a candidate molecule for therapeutic intervention and prognostic biomarker? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:576-89. [PMID: 25453366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While persistent infection with oncogenic types of human Papillomavirus (HPV) is required for cervical epithelial cell transformation and cervical carcinogenesis, HPV infection alone is not sufficient to induce tumorigenesis. Only a minor fraction of HPV infections produce high-grade lesions and cervical cancer, suggesting complex host-virus interactions. Based on its pronounced immunoinhibitory properties, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G has been proposed as a possible prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target relevant in a wide variety of cancers and viral infections, but to date remains underexplored in cervical cancer. Given the possible influence of HLA-G on the clinical course of HPV infection, cervical lesions and cancer progression, a better understanding of HLA-G involvement in cervical carcinogenesis might contribute to two aspects of fundamental importance: 1. Characterization of a novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarker to identify cervical cancer and to monitor disease stage, critical for patient screening; 2. Identification of HLA-G-driven immune mechanisms involved in lesion development and cancer progression, leading to the development of strategies for modulating HLA-G expression for treatment purposes. Thus, this systematic review explores the potential involvement of HLA-G protein expression and polymorphisms in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrícia Gimenes
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - André Luelsdorf Pimenta de Abreu
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raquel Pantarotto Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Wolski Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vânia Ramos Sela da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Gandolfi Bôer
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gialluisi Bonini
- College of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612 Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sueli Donizete Borelli
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Márcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil.
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10
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Nobuoka D, Yoshikawa T, Fujiwara T, Nakatsura T. Peptide intra-tumor injection for cancer immunotherapy: enhancement of tumor cell antigenicity is a novel and attractive strategy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1234-6. [PMID: 23411443 PMCID: PMC3901811 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the problems in antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy is the low density of the tumor antigen-derived peptide endogenously presented on tumor cell surface major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. To overcome this, we are engaged in research on peptide intra-tumor injection to enhance tumor cell antigenicity. In in vivo studies using immunodeficient mice, the peptide injected into a solid mass of subcutaneous tumor was revealed to be loaded onto human leukocyte antigen class I molecules of tumor cells. In a peptide vaccine model and an adoptive cell transfer model using C57BL/6 mice, peptide intra-tumor injection was effective in terms of tumor growth inhibition and prolongation of survival time. Moreover, an antigen-spreading effect was detected after peptide intra-tumor injection. Peptide intra-tumor injection is an effective method of enhancing tumor cell antigenicity. It can induce additional peptide loading onto tumor cells, making tumor cells more antigenic for specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. Peptide intra-tumor injection may be a useful option for improvement of antigen-specific immunotherapy against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nobuoka
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy; Research Center for Innovative Oncology; National Cancer Center Hospital East; Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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12
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Intratumoral peptide injection enhances tumor cell antigenicity recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes: a potential option for improvement in antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 62:639-52. [PMID: 23143746 PMCID: PMC3624010 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy is a promising strategy for improving cancer treatment. Recently, many tumor-associated antigens and their epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been identified. However, the density of endogenously presented antigen-derived peptides on tumor cells is generally sparse, resulting in the inability of antigen-specific CTLs to work effectively. We hypothesize that increasing the density of an antigen-derived peptide would enhance antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrated that intratumoral peptide injection leads to additional peptide loading onto major histocompatibility complex class I molecules of tumor cells, enhancing tumor cell recognition by antigen-specific CTLs. In in vitro studies, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01-restricted glypican-3144–152 (FVGEFFTDV) and cytomegalovirus495–503 (NLVPMVATV) peptide-specific CTLs showed strong activity against all peptide-pulsed cell lines, regardless of whether the tumor cells expressed the antigen. In in vivo studies using immunodeficient mice, glypican-3144–152 and cytomegalovirus495–503 peptides injected into a solid mass were loaded onto HLA class I molecules of tumor cells. In a peptide vaccine model and an adoptive cell transfer model using C57BL/6 mice, intratumoral injection of ovalbumin257–264 peptide (SIINFEKL) was effective for tumor growth inhibition and survival against ovalbumin-negative tumors without adverse reactions. Moreover, we demonstrated an antigen-spreading effect that occurred after intratumoral peptide injection. Intratumoral peptide injection enhances tumor cell antigenicity and may be a useful option for improvement in antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy against solid tumors.
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Zhang X, Lin A, Zhang JG, Bao WG, Xu DP, Ruan YY, Yan WH. Alteration of HLA-F and HLA I antigen expression in the tumor is associated with survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:82-9. [PMID: 22544725 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, such as decreased HLA I (HLA-A, -B and -C) antigens and elevated nonclassical HLA I antigens (HLA-E, -F and -G), was reported to have an unfavorable prognosis in various cancers. In our study, HLA-F expression in 105 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) lesions and 62 case-matched adjacent normal tissues, and HLA I antigens among 68 cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Data revealed that HLA-F expression was observed in 58.1% (61/105) of the ESCC lesions and in 54.8% (34/62) of the normal esophageal tissues. Among the 62 case-matched samples, HLA-F expression (lesion vs. normal tissue) was upregulated, unchanged and downregulated in 13 (21.0%), 6 (9.6%) and 43 (69.4%) cases, respectively. Patients with HLA-F positive had a worse survival than those with HLA-F negative (p = 0.040). Patients with upregulated HLA-F expression (lesion vs. normal tissue) had significantly worse survival than those with HLA-F unchanged and downregulated (p = 0.010). Furthermore, decreased HLA I expression was observed in 41.2% (28/68) patients and was with worse prognosis in comparison to those with preserved HLA I expression (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that upregulated HLA-F expression (p = 0.026) and downregulated HLA I expression (p = 0.013) could be an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. In conclusion, our study provided the evidence that alteration of HLA I and HLA-F antigen expression was associated with survival in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Human Tissue Bank, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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HLA-F expression is a prognostic factor in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2011; 74:504-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zarour HM, Ferrone S. Cancer immunotherapy: Progress and challenges in the clinical setting. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:1510-5. [PMID: 21618503 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201190035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassane M Zarour
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center – Research Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Du L, Xiao X, Wang C, Zhang X, Zheng N, Wang L, Zhang X, Li W, Wang S, Dong Z. Human leukocyte antigen-G is closely associated with tumor immune escape in gastric cancer by increasing local regulatory T cells. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1272-80. [PMID: 21466615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) plays an important role in tumor cell escape. We investigated HLA-G expression and regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrates in patients with gastric cancer (GC), analyzed their relationship with clinicopathologic features, and characterized their role in tumor immune escape. We also investigated the plasma soluble HLA-G level and its potential in the diagnosis of GC. Effect of HLA-G on Tregs was further assessed by coculture experiments in vitro. Most interestingly, HLA-G positive expression was detected in GC tissues and it was significantly correlated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating Tregs. Patients with HLA-G positive expression or high Tregs had significantly poorer survival at 5 years after operation. Multivariate analysis indicated that HLA-G positive expression was an independent prognostic factor of GC. The coculture experiment showed overexpression of HLA-G in GC cell lines significantly enhanced the frequency of Tregs when GC cells were directly cocultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cell. However, this effect disappeared when the indirect coculture system was applied. Some cytokines such as interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α significantly changed in the coculture system. Moreover, plasma soluble HLA-G level in GC patients was higher than that in normal controls. Taken together, our results indicated that HLA-G expression was closely associated with tumor progression and involved in tumor evasion by increasing the frequency of infiltrating Tregs locally. Thus, HLA-G might be a promising predictor for disease prognosis and a possible novel target for immunotherapy in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Lin A, Zhu CC, Chen HX, Chen BF, Zhang X, Zhang JG, Wang Q, Zhou WJ, Hu W, Yang HH, Xu HH, Yan WH. Clinical relevance and functional implications for human leucocyte antigen-g expression in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:2318-29. [PMID: 19602033 PMCID: PMC3822572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G has been documented both in establishment of anti-tumour immune responses and in tumour evasion. To investigate the clinical relevance of HLA-G in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expression status and potential significance of HLA-G in NSCLC were analysed. In this study, HLA-G expression in 101 NSCLC primary lesions and plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) from 91 patients were analysed with immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Correlations between HLA-G status and various clinical parameters including survival time were evaluated. Meanwhile, functional analysis of transfected cell surface HLA-G expression and plasma sHLA-G form NSCLC patients on natural killer (NK) cell cytolysis were performed. Data revealed that HLA-G was expressed in 41.6% (42/101) NSCLC primary lesions, while undetectable in adjacent normal lung tissues. HLA-G expression in NSCLC lesions was strongly correlated to disease stages (P= 0.002). Plasma sHLA-G from NSCLC patients was markedly higher than that in normal controls (P= 0.004), which was significantly associated with the disease stages (I versus IV, P= 0.025; II versus IV, P= 0.029). Patient plasma sHLA-G level (≥median, 32.0 U/ml) had a significantly shorter survival time (P= 0.044); however, no similar significance was observed for the lesion HLA-G expression. In vitro data showed that both cell surface HLA-G and patient plasma sHLA-G could dramatically decrease the NK cell cytolysis. Our findings indicated that both lesion HLA-G expression and plasma sHLA-G in NSCLC is related to the disease stage and can exert immunosuppression to the NK cell cytolysis, indicating that HLA-G could be a potential therapeutic target. Moreover, plasma sHLA-G in NSCLC patients could be used as a prognosis factor for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lin
- Human Tissue Bank, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
MHC class I downregulation is a general mechanism by which tumor cells can escape from T-cell-mediated immunity. This downregulation also represents a serious obstacle to the development of effective antitumor immunotherapy or vaccination. Therefore, successful immunotherapeutic and vaccination protocols should be optimized against tumors with distinct cell surface expression of the MHC class I molecules. Mechanisms leading to protective immunity may vary in different models with respect to the particular tumors (e.g., in their levels of residual expression of the MHC class I molecules on tumor cells or inducibility of MHC class I expression). Notably, both CD8+ cell-mediated immunity and MHC class I-unrestricted mechanisms can take place against MHC class I-deficient tumors. Since MHC class I downregulation is frequently reversible by cytokines and also by the activation of epigenetically silenced genes, an attractive strategy is to elicit specific cell-mediated immunity combined with restoration of MHC class I expression on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Reiniš
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
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HLA-G and immune evasion in cancer cells. J Formos Med Assoc 2010; 109:248-57. [PMID: 20434034 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(10)60050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of novel gene products or new antigens in cancer cells elicits a host immune response that results in selection pressure for tumor clones to evade immunosurveillance. Similar to maternal-fetal tolerance and allotransplantation acceptance, upregulation of HLA-G expression has been found as one of the mechanisms that are programmed in cancer cells. HLA-G expression is frequently detected in a wide variety of human cancers and its protein levels negatively correlate with poor clinical outcome. The immune inhibitory effect can be achieved by binding of HLA-G molecules to the immunoglobulin-like inhibitory receptors that are expressed on the immunocompetent cells at all stages of the immune response. This review summarizes recent studies of HLA-G expression in human cancer, with a special focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie how HLA-G molecules facilitate tumor cell evasion of the host immune response, and presents new directions for developing HLA-G-based diagnosis/therapeutics.
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Defective infiltration of natural killer cells in MICA/B-positive renal cell carcinoma involves beta(2)-integrin-mediated interaction. Neoplasia 2009; 11:662-71. [PMID: 19568411 DOI: 10.1593/neo.09296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have explored MICA/B expression and its relationship with innate inflammatory infiltrate in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The expression of MICA/B, CD16, CD56, and CD68 in 140 RCC lesions contained in a tissue microarray (TMA) was investigated by immunohistochemistry. MICA/B gene and protein expressions in Caki-1 cells were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry, respectively. Natural killer (NK) cells were studied by flow cytometry. All the RCC lesions (n = 140) were MICA/B-positive. MICA/B was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, whereas stromal cells were negative. Renal cell carcinoma lesions showed low NK cell infiltration, although they were rich in CD16(+)CD56(-) cells, strongly resembling macrophages. CD16(+) macrophage infiltration was more frequently detectable in metastatic lesions compared with primary tumors (P = .0223) and was associated with poor RCC differentiation (P = .007). To investigate mechanisms potentially underlying the lack of NK cells infiltration into MICA/B-positive RCC lesions, we used Caki-1 RCC cells. Caki-1 expressed MICA and MICB genes. However, MICA protein was not detectable in Caki-1 cells, whereas MICB protein was detectable in their cytoplasm and on the cell membrane. Coculture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Caki-1, K562, HCT116, respectively, resulted in CD56(+)CD16(+) NK cells deletion without affecting CD56(+)/CD16(-) NK subset and immature NK cells generated in vitro from CD34(+) cells. Natural killer cell apoptosis seemed to be preferentially triggered by cancer cells because HLA-A0201(+) NK cells were only marginally affected by allogeneic HLA-A0201(-) peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Caki-1 cell-mediated NK cell apoptosis was reduced by an anti-beta(2)-integrin (CD18) monoclonal antibody but was NKG2D-, granule exocytosis-, and caspase-independent.
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Gonzalez-Gronow M, Selim MA, Papalas J, Pizzo SV. GRP78: a multifunctional receptor on the cell surface. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2299-306. [PMID: 19331544 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, whose function is generally thought to be restricted to controlling the structural maturation of nascent glycoproteins. However, GRP78 also is expressed on the cell surface where it functions as a receptor for a wide variety of ligands, behaving as an autoantigen for several classes of autoantibodies. GRP78 is a signaling receptor for activated alpha2-macroglobulin, plasminogen kringle 5, and microplasminogen, and it plays a critical role in viral entry of coxsackie B, and dengue fever viruses. GRP78 is also implicated in the regulation of tissue factor procoagulant activity and functions as a receptor for angiogenic peptides via a mechanism independent of the VEGF receptor. Cell surface GRP78 is found associated with such diverse proteins as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), the teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor I (Cripto), and the DnaJ-like protein MTJ-1. These associations suggest a unique GRP78 cell surface topography, which appears to be compartmentalized to respond differently to agonists that bind to its N- or C-terminal domains. Here, we discuss the significance of these associations, and the possible mechanisms involved in the transportation of GRP78 from the cytosol to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gonzalez-Gronow
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Nagorsen D, Thiel E. HLA typing demands for peptide-based anti-cancer vaccine. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:1903-10. [PMID: 18317754 PMCID: PMC11030559 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunological treatment of cancer has made some very promising advances during the last years. Anti-cancer vaccination using peptides or peptide-pulsed dendritic cells and adoptive transfer of in vitro generated, epitope-specific T cells depend on a well-fitting interaction of HLA molecule and epitope. Accurate HLA-typing is a key factor for successful anti-cancer vaccination. No comprehensive data and no suggestion exist on the HLA-typing in this setting. We performed a systematic review of PubMed analyzing HLA-typing data in cancer vaccination trials over the last 4 years (2004-2007). Then, using the SYFPEITHI database, we calculated the peptide binding prediction of the eight most often used HLA-A*0201 binding epitopes. Finally, high-resolution typing [by sequence-specific primers (SSP)] data of a HLA-A*02 or HLA-A*24 positive population in Berlin, Germany, were analyzed. Forty-five cancer vaccination trials with 764 patients were included. Eighteen studies were performed in the USA, 13 in Europe, 12 in Asia (mainly Japan), and two in Australia. Most common diseases targeted were melanoma, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer, and breast cancer. The trials tested protocols using peptide plus adjuvants without DC or protocols using peptide-pulsed DC. In 38 trials (84%) HLA-A2 positive patients were vaccinated, in 11 studies (24%) HLA-A24 positive patients were vaccinated. Nineteen studies with 291 patients (38%) presented the HLA type as four-digit code (high-resolution), 26 studies with 473 patients (62%) presented the HLA-type in a low-resolution code. The method of HLA determination was given in six out of 45 trials (13%). Using the SYFPEITHI database we calculated the peptide binding prediction of the eight most often used HLA-A*0201 binding tumor antigen-derived epitopes for binding to HLA-A*0203. While the epitopes had a binding score of 17-28 for HLA-A*0201, the score for binding to HLA-A*0203 was zero in seven out of eight tested peptides. Only for one peptide the score was eight. Finally, we analyzed high-resolution data of HLA-A*02 and HLA-A*24 positive patients in Berlin, Germany. We found the HLA-A*0201 allele and HLA-A*2402 allele in 95%, respectively. HLA-A*0201 and HLA-A*2402 are most commonly used for peptide based vaccine in cancer. Data on HLA-typing given in the included cancer vaccine manuscripts are fractional. Only 13% report the method of HLA typing and most HLA types are given as low-resolution code. Looking at the binding of specific peptides to both the alleles, it is important to perform high-resolution typing. Further suggestions for immunogenetic laboratories and clinical tumor immunologists regarding HLA-typing for cancer vaccine trials and adoptive T cell transfer approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Nagorsen
- Medical Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
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Han LY, Fletcher MS, Urbauer DL, Mueller P, Landen CN, Kamat AA, Lin YG, Merritt WM, Spannuth WA, Deavers MT, De Geest K, Gershenson DM, Lutgendorf SK, Ferrone S, Sood AK. HLA class I antigen processing machinery component expression and intratumoral T-Cell infiltrate as independent prognostic markers in ovarian carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:3372-9. [PMID: 18519766 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Defects in the antigen processing machinery (APM) may provide tumor cells with a mechanism to escape immune recognition. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical significance of APM component down-regulation and tumor-infiltrating T cells in ovarian carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN After institutional review board approval, tumor samples from 150 patients with invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were examined for TAP1, TAP2, tapasin, HLA class I heavy chain (HLA-HC), beta 2 microglobulin, and T-cell (CD3+ and CD8+) tumor infiltration using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The majority of tumors had either heterogeneous or positive expression of TAP1, TAP2, HLA-HC, and beta 2 microglobulin (66.7%, 73.3%, 70.7%, and 63.3%, respectively), except tapasin for which 58% of the tumors lacked expression. Furthermore, 67% and 88% of the lesions possessed intratumoral and peritumoral CD3+ or CD8+ cells, respectively. The majority of APM component expression examined was significantly associated with both intratumoral and peritumoral T-cell infiltration (P < 0.05). The expression of APM components and the presence of intratumoral T-cell infiltrates were significantly associated with improved survival (all P < or = 0.01); however, peritumoral T-cell infiltrates did not significantly affect survival (P = 0.33). APM component down-regulation (P < 0.001), lack of intratumoral T-cell infiltrates (P = 0.03), and suboptimal cytoreduction (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic markers for death from ovarian carcinoma. CONCLUSION The negative effect of APM component down-regulation by itself and in combination with absent intratumoral T-cell infiltration on the survival of patients with ovarian carcinoma implies a role for immune escape in addition to immunosurveillance in the clinical course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Y Han
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Herman Pressler, CPB6.3244, Unit 1362, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Nutt SL, Carotta S, Kallies A. Cytotoxic lymphocyte function and natural killer cells. Clin Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-04404-2.10018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Slingluff CL. Immunology of Cancer. Surgery 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang X, Yuling H, Yanping J, Xinti T, Yaofang Y, Feng Y, Ruijin X, Li W, Lang C, Jingyi L, Zhiqing T, Jingping O, Bing X, Li Q, Chang AE, Sun Z, Youxin J, Jinquan T. CCL19 and CXCL13 synergistically regulate interaction between B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia CD23+CD5+ B Cells and CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:2880-8. [PMID: 17709502 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interacting with T cells, cytokine-producing B cells play a critical protective role in autoimmune diseases. However, the interaction between malignant B and T cells remains to be fully elucidated. In a previous study, we have reported that ligation of CCL19-CCR7 and CXCL13-CXCR5 activates paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10), resulting in an enhancement of apoptotic resistance in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) CD23+CD5+ B cells. Here, we report that B-ALL CD23+CD5+ B cells produce IL-10 at high level, which can be further elevated by costimulation with CCL19 and CXCL13. CCL19/CXCL13-activated B-ALL CD23+CD5+ B cells, in turn, increase IL-10 expression in syngeneic CD8+ T cells in a B cell-derived IL-10-dependent manner and requiring a cell-cell contact. IL-10 secreted from B-ALL CD23+CD5+ B cells in vitro impairs tumor-specific CTL responses of syngeneic CD8+ T cells. The impairment of cytotoxicity of syngeneic CD8+ T cells is escalated by means of CCL19/CXCL13-induced up-regulation of IL-10 from B-ALL CD23+CD5+ B cells. Moreover, using a short hairpin RNA to knockdown PEG10, we provide direct evidence that increased expression of PEG10 in B-ALL CD23+CD5+ B cells is involved in malignant B-T cell interaction, contributing to the up-regulation of IL-10 expression, as well as to the impairment of cytotoxicity of syngeneic CD8+ T cells. Thus, malignant B-ALL CD23+CD5+ B cells play an immunoregulatory role in controlling different inflammatory cytokine expressions. IL-10 may be one of the critical cellular factors conferring B-ALL CD23+CD5+ B cells to escape from host immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
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Paschen A, Arens N, Sucker A, Greulich-Bode KM, Fonsatti E, Gloghini A, Striegel S, Schwinn N, Carbone A, Hildenbrand R, Cerwenka A, Maio M, Schadendorf D. The coincidence of chromosome 15 aberrations and beta2-microglobulin gene mutations is causative for the total loss of human leukocyte antigen class I expression in melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:3297-305. [PMID: 16740750 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Total loss of surface presentation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, protecting tumor cells from the recognition by cytotoxic host CD8+ T cells, is known to be caused by mutations in the beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) gene. We asked whether abnormalities of chromosome 15, harboring the beta2m gene on 15q21, in addition to beta2m gene mutations, are causative for the HLA class I-negative phenotype of melanoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To answer this, we established primary cell lines from the beta2m-negative metastatic melanoma tissues of four different patients and analyzed them for beta2m gene mutations and chromosome 15 aberrations, the latter by loss of heterozygosity analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and multicolor FISH. RESULTS Mutations at the beta2m gene level were detected in all cell lines. The loss of heterozygosity analysis of microsatellite markers located on chromosome 15 in three of the four cell lines pointed to an extensive loss of chromosome 15 material. Subsequent molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed the coexistence of apparently normal and rearranged versions of chromosome 15 in three cell lines whereas the fourth cell line solely showed rearranged versions. Two of the four cell lines exhibited a special type of intrachromosomal rearrangement characterized by FISH signals specific for the subtelomeric region of 15q at both ends of the chromosome and one centromeric signal in between. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the complete loss of HLA class I expression in melanoma cells is due to the coincidence of the following mutational events: (a) chromosome 15 instability associated with an extensive loss of genetic material and (b) beta2m gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Paschen
- Skin Cancer Unit of the German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, University Clinics of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
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Chang CC, Ferrone S. Immune selective pressure and HLA class I antigen defects in malignant lesions. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:227-36. [PMID: 16783578 PMCID: PMC11030175 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The revived cancer immune surveillance theory has emphasized the active role the immune system plays in eliminating tumor cells and in facilitating the emergence of their immunoresistant variants. MHC class I molecule abnormalities represent, at least in part, the molecular phenotype of these escape variants, given the crucial role of MHC class I molecules in eliciting tumor antigen-specific T cell responses, the high frequency of HLA class I antigen abnormalities in malignant lesions and their association with a poor clinical course of the disease. Here, we present evidence for this possibility and review the potential mechanisms by which T cell selective pressure participates in the generation of tumor cells with MHC class I molecule defects. Furthermore, we discuss the strategies to counteract tumor cell immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Chang
- Department of Structural Biology, Hauptman-Woodward Institute, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
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Ogino T, Shigyo H, Ishii H, Katayama A, Miyokawa N, Harabuchi Y, Ferrone S. HLA class I antigen down-regulation in primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma lesions as a poor prognostic marker. Cancer Res 2006; 66:9281-9. [PMID: 16982773 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the role of antigen-processing machinery (APM) component defects in HLA class I antigen down-regulation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lesions and assessed the clinical significance of these defects. To this end, 63 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor lesions were examined for APM component and HLA class I antigen expression by immunohistochemistry. Calnexin, calreticulin, and ERp57 were down-regulated in approximately 25% of the lesions tested, whereas LMP2, TAP1, tapasin, and HLA class I antigens were down-regulated in at least 70% of the lesions tested. LMP2 and tapasin expression was significantly correlated with HLA class I antigen expression suggesting APM component defects as a mechanism underlying HLA class I antigen down-regulation in laryngeal SCC lesions. The expression of most APM components and HLA class I antigens was correlated with the extent of CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumor lesions. Furthermore, LMP2 and HLA class I antigen down-regulation and low CD8+ T cell infiltration were significantly associated with reduced patients' survival. Multivariate analysis identified HLA class I antigen down-regulation as an independent unfavorable prognostic marker. This association is likely to reflect the reduction in the extent of CD8+ T cell infiltration in laryngeal SCC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ogino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical College Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
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Langat DK, Sue Platt J, Tawfik O, Fazleabas AT, Hunt JS. Differential expression of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) messenger RNAs and proteins in normal human prostate and prostatic adenocarcinoma. J Reprod Immunol 2006; 71:75-86. [PMID: 16616377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a major histocompatibility complex class Ib gene expressed in normal organs and in some tumors. The glycoproteins encoded by this gene are best known for their immunosuppressive properties. Because isoform-specific expression of HLA-G in male reproductive organs has not been reported, we investigated HLA-G1, -G2, -G5, -G6 mRNAs and proteins in four-to-five samples of normal prostate glands, prostates with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinomas using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. All tissues contained HLA-G1, -G2, -G5 and -G6 specific mRNAs, but only HLA-G5 protein was detectable. In normal prostate glands, HLA-G5 protein was prominent in the cytoplasm of tubuloglandular epithelia and in glandular secretions. Staining was reduced in samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia but remained localized to the cytoplasm of glandular epithelia and secretions. In prostatic adenocarcinomas, HLA-G5 protein was detectable mainly in the secretions. Thus, HLA-G5 but not HLA-G1, -G2 or -G6 is produced in the normal prostate and is present in prostatic secretions. In addition, normal cellular localization is disturbed in benign and malignant prostatic adenocarcinomas. The results are consistent with this molecule may influencing female immune receptivity to sperm and suggest that such immunosuppression could be disturbed in men with prostatic adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daudi K Langat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160-7400, USA.
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Chang CC, Ogino T, Mullins DW, Oliver JL, Yamshchikov GV, Bandoh N, Slingluff CL, Ferrone S. Defective Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I-associated Antigen Presentation Caused by a Novel β2-Microglobulin Loss-of-function in Melanoma Cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:18763-73. [PMID: 16648140 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511525200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex class I molecules consist of three subunits, the 45-kDa heavy chain, the 12-kDa beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m), and an approximately 8-9-residue antigenic peptide. Without beta(2)m, the major histocompatibility complex class I molecules cannot assemble, thereby abolishing their transport to the cell membrane and the subsequent recognition by antigen-specific T cells. Here we report a case of defective antigen presentation caused by the expression of a beta(2)m with a Cys-to-Trp substitution at position 25 (beta(2)m(C25W)). This substitution causes misfolding and degradation of beta(2)m(C25W) but does not result in complete lack of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule expression on the surface of melanoma VMM5B cells. Despite HLA class I expression, VMM5B cells are not recognized by HLA class I-restricted, melanoma antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes even following loading with exogenous peptides or transduction with melanoma antigen-expressing viruses. Lysis of VMM5B cells is restored only following reconstitution with exogenous or endogenous wild-type beta(2)m protein. Together, our results indicate impairment of antigenic peptide presentation because of a dysfunctional beta(2)m and provide a mechanism for the lack of close association between HLA class I expression and susceptibility of tumor cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes-mediated lysis in malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Chang
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Chignard N, Shang S, Wang H, Marrero J, Bréchot C, Hanash S, Beretta L. Cleavage of endoplasmic reticulum proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma: Detection of generated fragments in patient sera. Gastroenterology 2006; 130:2010-22. [PMID: 16762624 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In the past decade, there has been a rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a progressive increase in HCC-related mortality in the United States and Western Europe. The poor survival of patients with HCC is largely related to the lack of reliable tools for early diagnosis. METHODS We have applied proteomics tools to the comparative analysis of protein profiles between HCC and adjacent nontumor tissues as a means for discovering novel molecular markers. RESULTS Forty-seven protein spots that showed reproducible variation were identified by mass spectrometry, corresponding to 23 distinct genes. A positive correlation between transcript and protein level variations was observed for only 7 out of the 23 genes. Proteolytic cleavage accounted for the discrepancies between messenger RNA and protein level changes for 7 genes including calreticulin, PDIA3, PDI, and GRP78. We detected a fragment of each of these 4 endoplasmic reticulum proteins in the culture supernatant of the PLC-PRF5 hepatoma cell line, suggesting that their cleavage leads to release of selected cleaved products in the extracellular compartment. We also detected calreticulin and PDIA3 cleavage products in sera of patients with HCC. A statistically highly significant difference in calreticulin and PDIA3 fragment serum levels between patients with HCC and healthy individuals was observed. Amounts of calreticulin and PDIA3 fragments were also significantly different between patients with HCC and at-risk patients (patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis). CONCLUSIONS Specific isoforms in general and cleavage products in particular should therefore be further evaluated as new markers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chignard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Rouas-Freiss N, Moreau P, Ferrone S, Carosella ED. HLA-G proteins in cancer: do they provide tumor cells with an escape mechanism? Cancer Res 2005; 65:10139-44. [PMID: 16287995 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Convincing clinical evidence indicates that the limited success of T-cell-based immunotherapy of malignant diseases is caused, at least in part, by the ability of malignant cells to escape from immune recognition and destruction. Among the multiple escape mechanisms identified, a major role is played by changes in the expression and/or function of HLA antigens expressed by tumor cells, because they may markedly affect tumor cell-host's immune system interactions. In this article, we review the data about the aberrant expression of the nonclassical HLA class I antigen HLA-G by tumor cells. Furthermore, we discuss the possible reasons for the conflicting information in the literature about HLA-G antigen expression by malignant cells. Lastly, in light of the well-documented immunotolerant function of HLA-G, we discuss the potential role of these antigens in the escape of tumor cells from immune recognition and destruction and in the clinical course of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- Service de Recherche en Hémato-Immunologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Département de Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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Balseiro SC, Correia HR. Is olfactory detection of human cancer by dogs based on major histocompatibility complex-dependent odour components?--A possible cure and a precocious diagnosis of cancer. Med Hypotheses 2005; 66:270-2. [PMID: 16199130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the reports made about dogs detecting cancer on the basis of odour, our hypothesis is that the volatile organic compounds produced by tumours, and detected by dogs, are products of MHC genes. Two lines of evidences support this hypothesis: (1) human body odour is genetically determined by MHC. These antigen molecules (HLA in humans) have soluble and detectable isoforms that are present in body fluids such as blood, urine and sweat; (2) there is a strong association between changes in HLA expression and cancer. Tumour transformation is frequently associated with low classical HLA class I molecules expression, namely HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. In addition, cancer is associated with high nonclassical HLA class I molecules expression, such as HLA-G and HLA-E. These evidences suggest that these HLA-associated olfactory cues of human cancer could be easily analysed, for example, by the "electronic nose", making possible a very precocious and reliable diagnostic of cancer. Because cancer immunescape mechanism is similar to that observed in the materno-fetal immune tolerance, we propose also that immunomodulatory abortifacients could be a good strategy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Balseiro
- Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Chang CC, Campoli M, Ferrone S. Classical and nonclassical HLA class I antigen and NK Cell-activating ligand changes in malignant cells: current challenges and future directions. Adv Cancer Res 2005; 93:189-234. [PMID: 15797448 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(05)93006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in classical and nonclassical HLA class I antigen and NK cell-activating ligand expression have been identified in malignant lesions. These changes, which are described in this chapter, are believed to play a major role in the clinical course of the disease since both HLA class I antigens and NK cell-activating ligands are critical to the interaction between tumor cells and components of both innate and adaptive immune systems. Nevertheless, there is still debate in the literature about the biologic and functional significance of HLA class I antigen and NK cell-activating ligand abnormalities in malignant lesions. The reasons for this debate are reviewed. They include (i) the incomplete association between classical HLA class I antigen changes and the clinical course of the disease; (ii) the relatively limited number of malignant lesions that have been analyzed for nonclassical HLA class I antigen and NK cell-activating ligand expression; and (iii) the conflicting data regarding the role of immunoselection in the generation of malignant cells with HLA antigen and NK cell-activating ligand abnormalities. The technical limitations associated with the assessment of HLA antigen and NK cell-activating ligand expression in malignant lesions as well as the immunological and nonimmunological variables that may confound the impact of HLA antigen and NK cell-activating ligand changes on the clinical course of the disease are also discussed. Future studies aimed at overcoming these limitations and characterizing these variables are expected to provide a solution to the current debate regarding the significance of HLA class I antigen and NK cell-activating ligand abnormalities in malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Chang
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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