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Zheng P, He J, Yang Z, Fu Y, Yang Y, Li W, Ding Y, Yang X, Ma Y. Neoantigen-Based Nanovaccine In Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Abolish Postsurgical Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302922. [PMID: 37649222 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The notorious limitation of conventional surgical excision of primary tumor is the omission of residual and occult tumor cells, which often progress to recurrence and metastasis, leading to clinical treatment failure. The therapeutic vaccine is emerging as a promising candidate for dealing with the issue of postsurgical tumor residuals or nascent metastasis. Here, a flexible and modularized nanovaccine scaffold based on the SpyCatcher003-decorated shell (S) domain of norovirus (Nov) is employed to support the presentation of varied tumor neoantigens fused with SpyTag003. The prepared tumor neoantigen-based nanovaccines (Neo-NVs) are able to efficiently target to lymph nodes and engage with DCs in LNs, triggering strong antigen-specific T-cell immunity and significantly inhibiting the growth of established orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor in mice. Further, the combination of Neo-NVs and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) produces significant inhibition on postsurgical tumor recurrence and metastasis and induces a long-lasting immune memory. In conclusion, the study provides a simple and reliable strategy for rapid preparing personalized neoantigens-based cancer vaccines and engaging checkpoint treatment to restore the capability of tumor immune surveillance and clearance in surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling Road, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling Road, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Zhongqian Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling Road, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yuting Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling Road, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling Road, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling Road, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yiting Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling Road, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling Road, Kunming, 650118, China
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2
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Filipić B, Pantelić I, Nikolić I, Majhen D, Stojić-Vukanić Z, Savić S, Krajišnik D. Nanoparticle-Based Adjuvants and Delivery Systems for Modern Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1172. [PMID: 37514991 PMCID: PMC10385383 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since the development of the first vaccine, vaccination has had the great impact on global health, leading to the decrease in the burden of numerous infectious diseases. However, there is a constant need to improve existing vaccines and develop new vaccination strategies and vaccine platforms that induce a broader immune response compared to traditional vaccines. Modern vaccines tend to rely on certain nanotechnology platforms but are still expected to be readily available and easy for large-scale manufacturing and to induce a durable immune response. In this review, we present an overview of the most promising nanoadjuvants and nanoparticulate delivery systems and discuss their benefits from tehchnological and immunological standpoints as well as their objective drawbacks and possible side effects. The presented nano alums, silica and clay nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, adenoviral-vectored systems, adeno-associated viral vectors, vesicular stomatitis viral vectors, lentiviral vectors, virus-like particles (including bacteriophage-based ones) and virosomes indicate that vaccine developers can now choose different adjuvants and/or delivery systems as per the requirement, specific to combatting different infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Filipić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Pantelić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ines Nikolić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Savić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danina Krajišnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Capelli R, Serapian SA, Colombo G. Computational Epitope Prediction and Design for Antibody Development and Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2552:255-266. [PMID: 36346596 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2609-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of optimized protein antigens is a fundamental step in the development of new vaccine candidates and in the detection of therapeutic antibodies. A fundamental prerequisite is the identification of antigenic regions that are most prone to interact with antibodies, namely, B-cell epitopes. Here, we describe an efficient structure-based computational method for epitope prediction, called MLCE. In this approach, all that is required is the 3D structure of the antigen of interest. MLCE can be applied to glycosylated proteins, facilitating the identification of immunoreactive versus immune-shielding carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Capelli
- SCITEC-CNR, Milan, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- SCITEC-CNR, Milan, Italy.
- Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Chimica, Pavia, Italy.
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4
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Li Q, Teng Z, Tao J, Shi W, Yang G, Zhang Y, Su X, Chen L, Xiu W, Yuwen L, Dong H, Mou Y. Elastic Nanovaccine Enhances Dendritic Cell-Mediated Tumor Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201108. [PMID: 35734820 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanovaccine-based immunotherapy (NBI) has the ability to initiate dendritic cell (DC)-mediated tumor-specific immune responses and maintain long-term antitumor immune memory. To date, the mechanism by which the mechanical properties of nanoparticles alter the functions of DCs in NBI remains largely unclear. Here, a soft mesoporous organosilica-based nanovaccine (SMONV) is prepared and the elasticity-dependent effect of the nanovaccine on the underlying DC-mediated immune responses is studied. It is found that the elasticity results in greater internalization of SMONV by DCs, followed by the induction of substantial cytosolic delivery of antigens via endosomal escape, leading to effective DC maturation and antigen cross-presentation. Impressively, elasticity enables SMONV to enhance lymphatic drainage of antigens in vivo, thus stimulating robust humoral and cellular immunity. The results from therapeutic tumor vaccination further reveal that subcutaneously administered SMONV effectively suppresses tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice by evoking antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses, mitigating regulatory T-cell-mediated immunosuppression, and increasing central memory and effector memory T-cell populations. Furthermore, combinatorial immunization with SMONV and anti-PD-L1 blocking antibodies results in an amplified therapeutic effect on tumor-bearing mice. These findings reveal the elastic effect of the nanovaccine on DC-mediated immune responses, and the prepared SMONV represents a facile and powerful strategy for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guangwen Yang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Su
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Xiu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Yuwen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
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5
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Huang L, Liao Y, Li C, Ma Z, Liu Z. Multifunctional manganese-containing vaccine delivery system Ca@MnCO 3/LLO for tumor immunotherapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212752. [PMID: 35929287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ideal vaccine delivery systems can not only deliver antigens in intelligent manners but also act as adjuvants. Recently found that Mn2+ can effectively stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, and Ca2+ can regulate autophagy to promote the cross-presentation of antigens. Thus, we constructed such a manganese-containing multimode vaccine delivery system by using calcium-doped manganese carbonate microspheres (Ca@MnCO3) and perforin-listeria hemolysin (LLO), as termed as Ca@MnCO3/LLO. The two components Ca@MnCO3 and LLO, not only act as vaccine adjuvants by themselves, but also contribute to achieve cellular immunity. Among them, Ca@MnCO3 microspheres as an excellent Mn2+ and Ca2+ reservoir, can continuously release adjuvants Mn2+ and Ca2+ to enhance immune response in dendritic cells, while LLO can contribute to induce lysosomal escape. Particularly, Ca2+ was added firstly to MnCO3 microspheres to improve the stability and load capacity of the microspheres. Along with the degradation of intracellular Ca@MnCO3 microspheres, and the lysosomal membrane-lytic effects of perforin LLO, the Mn2+, Ca2+ and OVA were released to the cytoplasm. These outcomes cooperatively promote antigen cross-presentation, elicit CD8+ T cell proliferation, and finally achieve prominent anti-tumor effects. The results indicate that the manganese-containing vaccine delivery system Ca@MnCO3/LLO provides a promising platform for the construction of tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zonghua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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6
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Recent advances of chitosan-based nanoparticles for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:379-388. [PMID: 35104473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural alkaline polysaccharide, which widely exists in marine crustaceans such as shrimp and crab, has been shown to have various biological activities. It has attracted considerable attention in biomedicine and nanomaterials fields because of its excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and easy access. In addition, because of active hydroxyl and amino groups in chitosan molecules, different functional groups can be introduced into chitosan molecules by molecular modification or chemical modification, which extends their applications. Nanoparticles with small size and large surface area can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the biomedical field, which make it easier to understand, detect and treat human diseases. The nanomaterials based on chitosan have important applications in biomedicine, industry, pharmacy, agriculture, and other fields. This review highlights the recent advances on chitosan-based nanoparticles for antibacterial property, drug and gene delivery, cancer and hyperthermia therapy, cell imaging, restorative dentistry, wound healing, tissue engineering and other biomedical fields. The nanotechnology fields involving biosensors, water treatment, food industry and agriculture are also briefly reviewed.
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7
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Khan T, Khan A, Wei DQ. MMV-db: vaccinomics and RNA-based therapeutics database for infectious hemorrhagic fever-causing mammarenaviruses. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:baab063. [PMID: 34679165 PMCID: PMC8533362 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The recent viral outbreaks and the current pandemic situation urges us to timely address any emerging viral infections by designing therapeutic strategies. Multi-omics and therapeutic data are of great interest to develop early remedial interventions. This work provides a therapeutic data platform (Mammarenavirus (MMV)-db) for pathogenic mammarenaviruses with potential catastrophic effects on human health around the world. The database integrates vaccinomics and RNA-based therapeutics data for seven human pathogenic MMVs associated with severe viral hemorrhagic fever and lethality in humans. Protein-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, helper T-cell and interferon-inducing epitopes were mapped using a cluster of immune-omics-based algorithms and tools for the seven human pathogenic viral species. Furthermore, the physiochemical and antigenic properties were also explored to guide protein-specific multi-epitope subunit vaccine for each species. Moreover, highly efficacious RNAs (small Interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA and single guide RNA (sgRNA)) after extensive genome-based analysis with therapeutic relevance were explored. All the therapeutic RNAs were further classified and listed on the basis of predicted higher efficacy. The online platform (http://www.mmvdb.dqweilab-sjtu.com/index.php) contains easily accessible data sets and vaccine designs with potential utility in further computational and experimental work. Conclusively, the current study provides a baseline data platform to secure better future therapeutic interventions against the hemorrhagic fever causing mammarenaviruses. Database URL: http://www.mmvdb.dqweilab-sjtu.com/index.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R China
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8
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Olson O, Berry C, Kumar N. Addressing Parental Vaccine Hesitancy towards Childhood Vaccines in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review of Communication Interventions and Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040590. [PMID: 33049956 PMCID: PMC7712553 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental vaccine hesitancy is becoming an increasingly important public health concern in the United States. In March 2020, an assessment of the latest CDC National Immunization Survey data found that more than one-third of U.S. children between the ages of 19 and 35 months were not following the recommended early childhood immunization schedule. Furthermore, a 2019 national survey found that approximately 1 in 4 parents reported serious concerns towards vaccinating their children. Vaccine hesitancy is now associated with a decrease in vaccine coverage and an increase in vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and epidemics in the United States. Many studies have focused on understanding and defining the new socio-medical term, vaccine hesitancy; few have attempted to summarize past and current health communication interventions and strategies that have been successful or unsuccessful in tackling this growing phenomenon. This systematic literature review will attempt to aid public health professionals with a catalogue of health communication interventions and strategies to ultimately address and prevent parental vaccine hesitancy in the long term. Out of 1239 search results, a total of 75 articles were included for analysis, ranging from systematic reviews, quantitative surveys, and experimental designs to ethnographic and qualitative studies. For the presentation of results, a taxonomy was used to organize communication interventions according to their intended purpose. The catalogue of interventions was further broken down into specific components and themes that were identified in the literature as essential to either the success or failure in preventing and addressing parental vaccine hesitancy towards childhood vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Olson
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence: (O.O.); (N.K.)
| | | | - Nirbhay Kumar
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence: (O.O.); (N.K.)
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9
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Anvari D, Rezaei F, Ashouri A, Rezaei S, Majidiani H, Pagheh AS, Rezaei F, Shariatzadeh SA, Fotovati A, Siyadatpanah A, Gholami S, Ahmadpour E. Current situation and future prospects of Echinococcus granulosus vaccine candidates: A systematic review. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1080-1096. [PMID: 32762075 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease, represents a threat for livestock and humans, manifests as a quiescent, subclinical and chronic hydatid cyst infection. The disease imposes high expenditures and economic losses in medical and veterinary. Prophylactic vaccination would be one of the effective preventive health care against echinococcosis. During the last decades, many studies have characterized the protective antigens of Echinococcus granulosus and their role in immunization of various animal host species. Herein, we aimed to systematically evaluate and represent the best antigens as possible vaccine candidates for cystic echinococcosis. Data were systematically searched from five databases including ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science, up to 1 February 2020. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed data extraction and quality assessment. A total of 47 articles were eligible for inclusion criteria in the current study. The most common antigens used for vaccination against E. granulosus were EG95 and antigen B. Freund's adjuvant and Quil A have been predominantly utilized. In addition, regarding the antigen delivery, animal models, measurement of immune responses and reduction in hydatid cyst have been discussed in the text. The data demonstrated that DNA vaccines with antigen B and recombinant protein vaccines based on EG95 antigen have the best results and elicited protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Anvari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Faculty of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ashouri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezaei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Zonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abdol Sattar Pagheh
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Fotovati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | | | - Shirzad Gholami
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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El-Sissi AF, Mohamed FH, Danial NM, Gaballah AQ, Ali KA. Chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles as adjuvant in local Rift Valley Fever inactivated vaccine. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:88. [PMID: 32089983 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to improve the potency of inactivated Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) vaccine using chitosan (CS) or chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) as adjuvants. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method. Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) inactivated antigen was loaded on CS and CNP to form two vaccine formulations, RVFV-chitosan nanoparticles based vaccine (RVFV-CNP) and RVFV chitosan based vaccine (RVFV-CS). Five groups of mice were used in this study, each group was injected with one of the following: phosphate buffer saline (group1 G1), RVFV-CNP (G2), (RVF-CS) (G3), RVFV-Alum based vaccine (RVFV-Alum) (G4) and adjuvant free RVFV inactivated antigen (RVFV-Ag) (G5). The immunization was performed twice with 2 weeks interval. The results showed that, RVFV-CNP vaccine enhanced strongly the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage (PM), neutralization antibodies titer against RVFV and IgG values against RVFV nucleoprotein than other vaccine formulations did. In addition, the RVFV-CNP and RVF-CS vaccines upregulate the gene expression of IL-2, IFN-γ (which promote cell mediated immunity) and IL-4 (which promote humeral immunity), while RVFV-Alum vaccine upregulate the gene expression of IL-4 only. These findings indicated that CS and CNP were comparable to the alum as adjuvant in efficacy but superior to it in inducing cell-mediated immune response and might be a candidate adjuvant for inactivated RVFV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashgan F El-Sissi
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farida H Mohamed
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Danial
- Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Q Gaballah
- 3Holding Company for Biological products and Vaccines (VACSERA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Korany A Ali
- 4Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Center of Excellence, Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
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11
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Yang Y, Xing R, Liu S, Qin Y, Li K, Yu H, Li P. Chitosan, hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan and sulfated chitosan nanoparticles as adjuvants for inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115423. [PMID: 31826462 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) and its water-soluble derivatives, hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) and sulfated chitosan (SCS), were used as adjuvants of inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. First, NDV-loaded and blank CS, HACC/CS and SCS nanoparticles were prepared. The particle sizes were respectively 343.43 ± 4.12, 320.03 ± 0.84, 156.2 ± 9.29 nm and the zeta potentials were respectively +19.67 ± 0.58, +18.3 ± 0.5, -17.8 ± 2.65 mV under the optimal conditions. Then chickens were immunized with nanoparticles or commercial inactivated oil emulsion vaccine. After immunization, the humoral immunity levels of the chickens were evaluated. The cellular immunity levels were determined by the quantification of cytokines, lymphocyte proliferation assay, the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Finally, the chickens were challenged with highly virulent virus. The results demonstrated that the humoral immunity levels in NDV-loaded CS and HACC/CS nanoparticles groups were lower than commercial vaccine but the cellular immunity levels are better. Moreover, the prevention effects of NDV-loaded CS and HACC/CS nanoparticles against highly virulent NDV are comparable to commercial vaccine. Our study provides the basis of developing HACC and CS as effective vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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12
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Si-doping increases the adjuvant activity of hydroxyapatite nanorods. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 174:300-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Raeven RHM, van Riet E, Meiring HD, Metz B, Kersten GFA. Systems vaccinology and big data in the vaccine development chain. Immunology 2018; 156:33-46. [PMID: 30317555 PMCID: PMC6283655 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems vaccinology has proven a fascinating development in the last decade. Where traditionally vaccine development has been dominated by trial and error, systems vaccinology is a tool that provides novel and comprehensive understanding if properly used. Data sets retrieved from systems‐based studies endorse rational design and effective development of safe and efficacious vaccines. In this review we first describe different omics‐techniques that form the pillars of systems vaccinology. In the second part, the application of systems vaccinology in the different stages of vaccine development is described. Overall, this review shows that systems vaccinology has become an important tool anywhere in the vaccine development chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- René H M Raeven
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elly van Riet
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo D Meiring
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F A Kersten
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Moreno JAS, Panou DA, Stephansen K, Chronakis IS, Boisen A, Mendes AC, Nielsen LH. Preparation and Characterization of an Oral Vaccine Formulation Using Electrosprayed Chitosan Microparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3770-3777. [PMID: 30280354 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan particles loaded with the antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and the adjuvant Quil-A were produced by electrospray, using mixtures of water/ethanol/acetic acid as a solvent. Three different chitosans designed as HMC+70, HMC+85, and HMC+90 (called as 705010, 855010, and 905010) were tested and its efficacy to be used in oral vaccine delivery applications was investigated. The morphology, size, and zeta potential of the produced particles were investigated, together with the encapsulation efficiency and release of OVA from the three chitosan formulations. Moreover, the mucoadhesion and cytotoxicity of the chitosan microparticles was examined. All the three formulations with OVA and Quil-A were in the micrometer size range and had a positive zeta potential between 46 and 75 mV. Furthermore, all the three formulations displayed encapsulation efficiencies above 80% and the release of OVA over a period of 80 h was observed to be between 38 and 47%. None of the developed formulations exhibited high mucoadhesive properties, either cytotoxicity. The formulation prepared with HMC+70, OVA, and Quil-A had the highest stability within 2 h in buffer solution, as measured by dynamic light scattering. The electrosprayed formulation consisting of HMC+70 with OVA and Quil-A showed to be the most promising as an oral vaccine system.
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15
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Cantini F, Banci L. Structural Knowledge for Molecular Optimization: The Cases of Metal-Mediated Protein-Protein Interactions and Structural Vaccinology. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cantini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM); University of Florence; Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM); University of Florence; Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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16
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Jin Y, Li P, Wang F. β-glucans as potential immunoadjuvants: A review on the adjuvanticity, structure-activity relationship and receptor recognition properties. Vaccine 2018; 36:5235-5244. [PMID: 30049632 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans, a group of polysaccharides exist in many organism species such as mushrooms, yeasts, oats, barley, seaweed, but not mammalians, have a variety of biological activities and applications in drugs and other healthcare products. In recent years, β-glucans have been studied as adjuvants in anti-infection vaccines as well as immunomodulators in anti-cancer immunotherapy. β-glucans can regulate immune responses when administered alone and can connect innate and adaptive immunity to improve immunogenicity of vaccines. When β-glucans act as immunostimulants or adjuvants, a set of receptors have been revealed to recognize β-glucans, including dectin-1, complement receptor 3 (CR3), CD5, lactosylceramide, and so on. Therefore, this review is mainly focused on the application of β-glucans as immune adjuvants, the receptors of β-glucans, as well as their structure and activity relationship which will benefit future research of β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Pingli Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China.
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17
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Li X, Wang X, Ito A. Tailoring inorganic nanoadjuvants towards next-generation vaccines. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4954-4980. [PMID: 29911725 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines, one of the most effective and powerful public health measures, have saved countless lives over the past century and still have a tremendous global impact. As an indispensable component of modern vaccines, adjuvants play a critical role in strengthening and/or shaping a specific immune response against infectious diseases as well as malignancies. The application of nanotechnology provides the possibility of precisely tailoring the building blocks of nanoadjuvants towards modern vaccines with the desired immune response. The last decade has witnessed great academic progress in inorganic nanomaterials for vaccine adjuvants in terms of nanometer-scale synthesis, structure control, and functionalization design. Inorganic adjuvants generally facilitate the delivery of antigens, allowing them to be released in a sustained manner, enhance immunogenicity, deliver antigens efficiently to specific targets, and induce a specific immune response. In particular, the recent discovery of the intrinsic immunomodulatory function of inorganic nanomaterials further allows us to shape the immune response towards the desired type and increase the efficacy of vaccines. In this article, we comprehensively review state-of-the-art research on the use of inorganic nanomaterials as vaccine adjuvants. Attention is focused on the physicochemical properties of versatile inorganic nanoadjuvants, such as composition, size, morphology, shape, hydrophobicity, and surface charge, to effectively stimulate cellular immunity, considering that the clinically used alum adjuvants can only induce strong humoral immunity. In addition, the efforts made to date to expand the application of inorganic nanoadjuvants in cancer vaccines are summarized. Finally, we discuss the future prospects and our outlook on tailoring inorganic nanoadjuvants towards next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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18
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Zhang L, Yang W, Hu C, Wang Q, Wu Y. Properties and applications of nanoparticle/microparticle conveyors with adjuvant characteristics suitable for oral vaccination. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2973-2987. [PMID: 29861631 PMCID: PMC5968786 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s154743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches in the prevention and control of disease worldwide. Oral vaccination could have wide applications if effective protection cannot be achieved through traditional (eg, parenteral) routes of vaccination. However, oral administration is hampered by the difficulties in transferring vaccines in vivo. This has led to the development of materials such as carriers with potential adjuvant effects. Considering the requirements for selecting adjuvants for oral vaccines as well as the advantages of nanoparticle/microparticle materials as immune effectors and antigen conveyors, synthetic materials could improve the efficiency of oral vaccination. In this review, nanoparticles and microparticles with adjuvant characteristics are described with regard to their potential importance for oral immunization, and some promising and successful modification strategies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wendi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianchao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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19
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Abou Elazab MF, Inoue Y, Kamei H, Horiuchi H, Furusawa S. Zymosan A enhances humoral immune responses to soluble protein in chickens. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1335-1341. [PMID: 28652560 PMCID: PMC5573818 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method for controlling the infectious diseases that
threaten the poultry industry worldwide. The use of adjuvants or immunostimulants is often
necessary to improve vaccine efficacy, particularly for vaccines based on recombinant
protein or inactivated pathogens. The adjuvant effects of zymosan A on antigen-specific
antibody production were investigated in chickens. First, the optimal adjuvant dose of
zymosan A was determined. Chicks were immunized with dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet
hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) at a dosage of 2 mg/kg body weight (BW) with or without zymosan A (at
a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg BW) co-administration at 4, 5 and 6 weeks of age. Different routes
of immunization (oral, intranasal (i.n.), intraocular (i.o.), subcutaneous (s.c.),
intramuscular (i.m.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) were tested. Anti-DNP IgY and IgA
concentrations in serum samples from all chicks were measured by an enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. The results revealed that co-administration of zymosan A with DNP-KLH
significantly increased anti-DNP IgY concentrations in chicks immunized by the oral and
s.c. routes of administration when compared with control groups. In addition,
co-administration of zymosan A with DNP-KLH significantly increased anti-DNP IgA
concentrations in chicks immunized by the oral, i.o. and s.c. routes compared with control
groups. In conclusion, zymosan A is a useful immune-potentiator adjuvant in chickens, and
its co-administration with vaccine antigens enhances humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fahmy Abou Elazab
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Elgiesh Street, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Yoshiaki Inoue
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Kamei
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Shuichi Furusawa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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20
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Diop D, Sanicas M. [Innovations in vaccinology: challenge and opportunities for Africa]. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 26:235. [PMID: 28690749 PMCID: PMC5491747 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.235.11527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization is undoubtedly one of the most effective and most cost-effective health interventions. Vaccines continue to revolutionize our ability to prevent diseases and improve health. With all the technological advances, we are able to extend the benefits of vaccines to more people and to provide better protection from life-threatening infectious diseases. Nevertheless, thanks to the unceasing implementation of novel microbial strains on a worldwide basis, research in vaccinology must innovate continuously. African countries have made great progress in increasing routine immunization coverage rates and in introducing newly developed vaccines. New types of vaccines associated with vectorization, administration and specific licensing tools as well as with adjuvants designed to finely modulate immune responses are expected to be achieved in the near future. African countries need to work to develop a regional approach to respond effectively to the many challenges. Providing better information, implementing healthcare personnel vaccinology training programs and well targeted research projects are the keys to future achievements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Diop
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir Pour La Santé (CRB-EPLS), Saint-Louis, Sénégal
| | - Melvin Sanicas
- Sanofi Pasteur, Asie, Japon et région du Pacifique, Singapour
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21
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Zhang L, Hu C, Yang W, Liu X, Wu Y. Chemical Synthesis, Versatile Structures and Functions of Tailorable Adjuvants for Optimizing Oral Vaccination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34933-34950. [PMID: 27935687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral vaccines have become a recent focus because of their potential significance in disease prevention and therapy. In the development of oral vaccine-based therapeutics, synthetic materials with tailorable structures and versatile functions can act as antigen conveyers with adjuvant effects, reduce the time cost for vaccine optimization, and provide high security and enhanced immunity. This review presents an overview of the current status of tailoring synthetic adjuvants for oral vaccination, modification strategies for producing effectors with specific structures and functions, enhancement of immune-associated efficiencies, including the barrier-crossing capability to protect antigens in the gastrointestinal tract, coordination of the antigens penetrating mucosa and cell barriers, targeting of concentrated antigens to immune-associated cells, and direct stimulation of immune cells. Finally, we focus on prospective synthetic adjuvants that facilitate the use of oral vaccines via two approaches, namely, in vivo antigen expression and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chaohua Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wendi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China
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22
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Christiana I, Aparnaa R, Rohit R, Rao DN, Kaliraj P. Effect of muramyl dipeptide and alum adjuvants on immunization with Filarial multi antigen peptide vaccine in mice model. Helminthologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/helmin-2016-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Filarial thioredoxin and transglutaminase are enzymes that are secreted throughout the lifecycle of the parasites which are mandatory for the survival of the parasite. They are reported to be promising vaccine candidates, yet the limitation factors of these proteins to be developed as vaccines is their homology they share with the host proteins. Hence immunodominant epitopes from these proteins were constructed as peptides and immunised in mice model with Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) as adjuvant. Immunodominant epitopic portions from Filarial thioredoxin and transglutaminase which are non-homologous with host proteins were constructed as Multi Antigen Peptide (MAP) and assembled in an inert lysine core. The synthesised MAP was immunised with MDP as adjuvant in Balb/c mice model, humoral and cellular immune response were studied. Antibody titre levels for TT MAP with MDP was in par with alum as adjuvant in mice models. T cell responses of TT MAP with MDP showed a balanced TH1/TH2 response. The TH1 cytokines namely IL-2 and IFN-ɤ were also higher in TT MAP immunised groups with MDP as adjuvant whereas alum immunised groups was TH2 biased. TT MAP admixed with MDP as adjuvant proves to be safe in mice model. Further vaccination studies are underway in permissive animal models to determine the role of TT MAP with MDP as adjuvant in protective immunity against W. bancrofti and B. malayi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Christiana
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, TamilNadu, India
| | - R. Aparnaa
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, TamilNadu, India
| | - R. Rohit
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, TamilNadu, India
| | - D. Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - P. Kaliraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, TamilNadu, India
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23
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Liu Y, Wang FQ, Shah Z, Cheng XJ, Kong M, Feng C, Chen XG. Nano-polyplex based on oleoyl-carboxymethy-chitosan (OCMCS) and hyaluronic acid for oral gene vaccine delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:492-501. [PMID: 27236511 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we described nano-polyplexes (NPs) made of oleoyl-carboxymethy-chitosan (OCMCS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) as novel potential carriers for oral gene vaccines delivery. Aerolysin gene (aerA) of Aeromonas hydrophila as microbial antigen was efficiently loaded to form OCMCS-HA/aerA (OHA) NPs. OHA NPs performed the optimal parameters, i.e. smallest (154.5±9.4nm), positive charged (+7.9±0.5mV) and monodispersed system with the N/P ratio of 5 and OCMCS/HA weight ratio of 4. Upon the introduction of HA, OHA NPs was beneficial for the DNA release in intestinal environments in comparison to OA NPs. The mean fluorescence intensity detected in Caco-2 cells incubated with OHA NPs was about 2.5-fold higher than that of OA NPs; however, it decreased significantly in the presence of excess free HA. The OHA NPs and OA NPs decreased the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) of Caco-2 monolayers obviously and induced increasing the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of DNA by 5.45-6.09 folds compared with free DNA. Significantly higher (P<0.05) antigen-specific antibodies were detected in serum after orally immunized with OHA NPs than that immunized with OA NPs and DNA alone in carps. These results enable the OHA NPs might resolve challenges arising from gastrointestinal damage to gene antigens, and offer an approach applicable for oral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Fang-Qin Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Zeana Shah
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Cheng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Chao Feng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xi-Guang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
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24
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Acharya AP, Carstens MR, Lewis JS, Dolgova N, Xia CQ, Clare-Salzler MJ, Keselowsky BG. A cell-based microarray to investigate combinatorial effects of microparticle-encapsulated adjuvants on dendritic cell activation. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1672-1685. [PMID: 26985393 PMCID: PMC4790840 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01754h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Experimental vaccine adjuvants are being designed to target specific toll-like receptors (TLRs) alone or in combination, expressed by antigen presenting cells, notably dendritic cells (DCs). There is a need for high-content screening (HCS) platforms to explore how DC activation is affected by adjuvant combinations. Presented is a cell-based microarray approach, "immunoarray", exposing DCs to a large number of adjuvant combinations. Microparticles encapsulating TLR ligands are printed onto arrays in a range of doses for each ligand, in all possible dose combinations. Dendritic cells are then co-localized with physisorbed microparticles on the immunoarray, adherent to isolated islands surrounded by a non-fouling background, and DC activation is quantified. Delivery of individual TLR ligands was capable of eliciting high levels of specific DC activation markers. For example, either TLR9 ligand, CpG, or TLR3 ligand, poly I:C, was capable of inducing among the highest 10% expression levels of CD86. In contrast, MHC-II expression in response to TLR4 agonist MPLA was among the highest, whereas either MPLA or poly I:C, was capable of producing among the highest levels of CCR7 expression, as well as inflammatory cytokine IL-12. However, in order to produce robust responses across all activation markers, adjuvant combinations were required, and combinations were more represented among the high responders. The immunoarray also enables investigation of interactions between adjuvants, and each TLR ligand suggested antagonism to other ligands, for various markers. Altogether, this work demonstrates feasibility of the immunoarray platform to screen microparticle-encapsulated adjuvant combinations for the development of improved and personalized vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav P. Acharya
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 130 BME/PO Box 116131, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6131, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, USA
| | - Matthew R. Carstens
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 130 BME/PO Box 116131, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6131, USA
| | - Jamal S. Lewis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 130 BME/PO Box 116131, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6131, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, US
| | - Natalia Dolgova
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 130 BME/PO Box 116131, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6131, USA
| | - C. Q. Xia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, USA
| | | | - Benjamin G. Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 130 BME/PO Box 116131, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6131, USA
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Wang X, Li X, Ito A, Watanabe Y, Sogo Y, Hirose M, Ohno T, Tsuji NM. Rod-shaped and substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles stimulating type 1 and 2 cytokine secretion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 139:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Wang X, Li X, Ito A, Watanabe Y, Tsuji NM. Rod-shaped and fluorine-substituted hydroxyapatite free of molecular immunopotentiators stimulates anti-cancer immunity in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7078-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rod-shaped and fluorine-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles significantly increased the cellular uptake of a model antigen by BMDCs, improved antigen presentation, stimulated immune-related cytokine secretion, and enhanced the anti-cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Wang
- Health Research Institute
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Xia Li
- Health Research Institute
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Atsuo Ito
- Health Research Institute
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yohei Watanabe
- Immune Homeostasis Lab
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
| | - Noriko M. Tsuji
- Immune Homeostasis Lab
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
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Zhang L, Zeng Z, Hu C, Bellis SL, Yang W, Su Y, Zhang X, Wu Y. Controlled and targeted release of antigens by intelligent shell for improving applicability of oral vaccines. Biomaterials 2016; 77:307-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang X, Li X, Ito A, Watanabe Y, Sogo Y, Tsuji NM, Ohno T. Stimulation of In Vivo Antitumor Immunity with Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Wang
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Xia Li
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Atsuo Ito
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Yohei Watanabe
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Noriko M. Tsuji
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Tadao Ohno
- School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo; The Nippon Dental University; Fujimi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0071 Japan
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Wang X, Li X, Ito A, Watanabe Y, Sogo Y, Tsuji NM, Ohno T. Stimulation of In Vivo Antitumor Immunity with Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1899-903. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Wang
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Xia Li
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Atsuo Ito
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Yohei Watanabe
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Noriko M. Tsuji
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Tadao Ohno
- School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo; The Nippon Dental University; Fujimi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0071 Japan
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Bobbala S, McDowell A, Hook S. Quantitation of the immunological adjuvants, monophosphoryl lipid A and Quil A in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles using high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 975:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim JJ, Hwang YH, Kang KY, Kim I, Kim JB, Park JH, Yoo YC, Yee ST. Enhanced dendritic cell maturation by the B-chain of Korean mistletoe lectin (KML-B), a novel TLR4 agonist. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:309-19. [PMID: 24859056 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Korean mistletoe lectin (KML) is composed of A and B sub-chains. The B-chain binds to cell surfaces, whereas the A-chain hinders translation because it is a RIP (ribosome inactivating protein) inducing apoptosis. Although KML has various biological and immunological activities, its potential use in cancer therapy or as an adjuvant therapy is limited by its toxicity to normal cells. This study was conducted to determine whether the B-chain of KML (KML-B) has immunoadjuvant activity and cytotoxicity activity. To evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of B chain KML, in vitro experiments employing bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were performed. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a unique group of white blood cells that are able to capture and process antigens for presentation to T cells, which constitute primary immune response. In the present study, KML-B was found to be non-cytotoxic to BMDCs. Furthermore, the expressions of co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC II) and the secretions of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, and TNF-α) were increased in BMDCs by KML-B. In addition, other indicators (antigen-uptake and CCR7 expression) of BMDC maturation were changed by KML-B, and the ability of KML-B to enhance various functions by BMDCs was found to be dependent on TLR4 expression. Moreover, BMDCs matured by KML-B induced naïve CD4(+) T cell differentiation toward Th1 cells directly and indirectly. These experiments confirm that KML-B exhibits potent immunomodulatory properties and suggest that KML-B be considered a potential dendritic cell-based cancer therapy and immunoadjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Jin Kim
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yun Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inbo Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bae Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Ireton GC, Reed SG. Adjuvants containing natural and synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 ligands. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 12:793-807. [PMID: 23885824 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2013.811204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen an increased focus on the development of adjuvants for vaccines, and several novel adjuvants are now in licensed products or in late-stage clinical development. These advancements have been aided by the discovery of receptors and signaling pathways of the innate immune system and an increased understanding of how these innate responses influence the adaptive immune response. Successful vaccine development relies on knowledge of which adjuvants to use and the proper formulation of adjuvants and antigens to achieve safe, stable and immunogenic vaccines. In this review, the authors focus on the current use of natural and synthetic lipopolysaccharide analogues that retain their adjuvant properties with reduced toxicity compared with the parent compound for use in emerging vaccines. The authors review how these compounds initiate signal transduction through Toll-like receptor 4, insights from structure-function studies and how formulation parameters can influence their effectiveness as vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Ireton
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1124 Columbia St., Ste 400, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Kim JJ, Nam JP, Nah JW, Jang MK, Yee ST. Immunoadjuvant Efficacy of N-Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Vaccination via Dendritic Cell Activation. J Med Food 2014; 17:268-77. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Jin Kim
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Joung-Pyo Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
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Functionalised Nanoliposomes for Construction of Recombinant Vaccines: Lyme Disease as an Example. MOLECULAR VACCINES 2014. [PMCID: PMC7120364 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-00978-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes (phospholipid bilayer vesicles) represent an almost ideal carrier system for the preparation of synthetic vaccines due to their biodegradability and capacity to protect and transport molecules of different physicochemical properties (including size, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, and charge). Liposomal carriers can be applied by invasive (e.g. i.m., s.c., i.d.) as well as non-invasive (transdermal and mucosal) routes. In the last 15 years, liposome vaccine technology has matured and several vaccines containing liposome-based adjuvants have been approved for human and veterinary use or have reached late stages of clinical evaluation. Given the intensifying interest in liposome-based vaccines, it is important to understand precisely how liposomes interact with the immune system and how they stimulate immunity. It has become clear that the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines – method of antigen attachment, lipid composition, bilayer fluidity, particle charge, and other properties – exert strong effects on the resulting immune response. In this chapter we will discuss some aspects of liposomal vaccines including the effect of novel and emerging immunomodulator incorporation. The application of metallochelating nanoliposomes for development of recombinant vaccine against Lyme disease will be presented as a suitable example.
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Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR, Dao T, Mulvey JJ, Feinberg E, Alidori S. Carbon nanotubes as vaccine scaffolds. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:2016-22. [PMID: 23899863 PMCID: PMC3855883 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes display characteristics that are potentially useful in their development as scaffolds for vaccine compositions. These features include stability in vivo, lack of intrinsic immunogenicity, low toxicity, and the ability to be appended with multiple copies of antigens. In addition, the particulate nature of carbon nanotubes and their unusual properties of rapid entry into antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, make them especially useful as carriers of antigens. Early attempts demonstrating carbon nanotube-based vaccines can be used in both infectious disease settings and cancer are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Dakshinamoorthy G, Kalyanasundaram R. Evaluating the efficacy of rBmHATαc as a multivalent vaccine against lymphatic filariasis in experimental animals and optimizing the adjuvant formulation. Vaccine 2013; 32:19-25. [PMID: 24211167 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing an effective vaccine against lymphatic filariasis will complement the WHO's effort to eradicate the infection from endemic areas. Currently 83 different countries are endemic for this infection and over 1 billion people are at risk. An effective vaccine coupled with mass drug administration will reduce the morbidity and social stigma associated with this gruesome disease. Several potential vaccine candidates that can confer partial protection in experimental animals have been reported from different laboratories. However, no licensed vaccines are currently available for this disease. Among the several vaccine antigens identified from our laboratory, three most promising antigens; rBmHSPαc (α crystalline domain and c-terminal extension of Heat Shock Protein 12.6), rBmALT-2 (Abundant larval transcript) and rBmTSP LEL (Tetraspanin large extracellular loop) was further developed as a recombinant fusion protein vaccine (rBmHATαc). In a mouse model this fusion protein vaccine gave close to 68% protection following a challenge infection. To improve the vaccine efficiency of rBmHATαc, in this study we evaluated various preparations of alum (AL007, AL019, Alhydrogel and Imject® Alum) as adjuvants. Our results show that mice immunized with rBmHATαc formulated in AL007 (alum from IDRI) and/or AL019 (alum plus TLR-4 agonist from IDRI) gave the highest IgG antibody titer compared to other groups. Subsequent in vivo challenge experiments confirmed that >95% protection can be achieved when AL007 or AL019 was used as the adjuvant. However, when Imject® Alum or alhydrogel was used as the adjuvant only 76% and 72% protection respectively could be achieved. These results show that AL007 or AL019 (IDRI) is an excellent choice of adjuvant for the rBmHATαc vaccine against B. malayi L3 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
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38
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Wang X, Li X, Ito A, Sogo Y, Ohno T. Particle-size-dependent toxicity and immunogenic activity of mesoporous silica-based adjuvants for tumor immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7480-9. [PMID: 23541601 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Conventionally used adjuvants alone are insufficient for triggering cell-mediated immunity, although they have been successfully developed to elicit protective antibody responses in some vaccines. Here, with the aim of eliciting cell-mediated immunity, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) were immobilized with apatite within the pores and on the surface of mesoporous silica (MS) with particle sizes from 30 to 200nm to prepare novel MS-Ap-PAMP adjuvants, which showed cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity that was markedly improved compared to commercial alum adjuvant in vitro and in vivo. The toxicity and antitumor immunity of the MS-Ap-PAMP adjuvants were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. MS with a particle size of 200nm showed minimum in vitro cytotoxicity to NIH3T3 cells, particularly at concentrations no higher than 100μgml(-1). In particular, apatite precipitation within the pores and on the surface of MS decreased the in vitro cytotoxicity of MS particles. The MS-Ap-PAMP adjuvants showed the maximum in vitro immunogenic activity among original culture medium, PAMP and alum-PAMP. Moreover, injection of the MS-Ap-PAMP adjuvant in combination with liquid-nitrogen-treated tumor tissue (derived from Lewis lung carcinoma cells) into C57BL/6 mice markedly inhibited in vivo tumor recurrence and the development of rechallenged tumor compared to those with commercial alum adjuvant. The MS-Ap-PAMP adjuvant contributed to the elicitation of a potent systemic antitumor immunity without obvious toxicity in vivo.
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Wang X, Li X, Ito A, Sogo Y, Ohno T. Pore size-dependent immunogenic activity of mesoporous silica-based adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:967-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Wang
- Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Xia Li
- Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Atsuo Ito
- Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Tadao Ohno
- Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering; School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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Correia-Pinto J, Csaba N, Alonso M. Vaccine delivery carriers: Insights and future perspectives. Int J Pharm 2013; 440:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Intradermally administered TLR4 agonist GLA-SE enhances the capacity of human skin DCs to activate T cells and promotes emigration of Langerhans cells. Vaccine 2012; 30:4216-24. [PMID: 22542815 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The natural TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has notable adjuvant activity. However, it is not useful as a vaccine adjuvant due to its toxicity. Glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA) is a synthetic derivative of the lipid A tail of LPS with limited cytotoxicity, but strong potential to induce immune responses in mice, guinea pigs, non-human primates, and humans. In this study we determined how this synthetic TLR4 agonist affects the function of different subsets of human skin dendritic cells (DCs). The effect of GLA in an aqueous formulation (GLA-AF) or in an oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) was compared to that of LPS and TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) using a human skin explant model with intradermal injections for the administration of the agonists. Intradermal injection of GLA-SE or LPS, but not GLA-AF, enhanced the emigration of CD1a(high)/langerin(+) Langerhans cells (LCs), but not dermal DCs (DDCs). LCs and CD14(-) DDCs exhibited an enhanced mature phenotype following intradermal administration of either of the two GLA formulations tested, similar to DCs that emigrated from LPS-injected skin. However, only injection of GLA-SE resulted in a significant increase in the production of the wide range of cytokines that is observed with LPS. Moreover, DCs that emigrated from GLA-SE-injected skin induced stronger CD4(+) T-cell activation, as indicated by a more pronounced T-cell proliferation, than DCs from skin injected with GLA-AF or LPS. Altogether, our data show that GLA-SE has a notable potency to stimulate the function of skin DCs, indicating that GLA-SE may be a good candidate as adjuvant for vaccines administered via the intradermal route.
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Montomoli E, Piccirella S, Khadang B, Mennitto E, Camerini R, De Rosa A. Current adjuvants and new perspectives in vaccine formulation. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 10:1053-61. [PMID: 21806399 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Given the important role of adjuvants in prophylactic vaccines, identification and development of new adjuvants with enhanced efficacy and safety is necessary. The use of adjuvants with immunopotentiating properties that can direct the immune responses to humoral or cell-mediated immunity and can induce T-cell responses has made it possible to design more protective vaccines. Although current regulations focus on traditional adjuvants, notably aluminum and calcium salts, advances have been made in regulatory considerations. The regulatory agencies for the evaluation of medicinal products are actively drafting guidance on requirements for the evaluation of new adjuvants. This article briefly summarizes the most widely studied adjuvants in vaccination, including those licensed for human vaccines and the regulatory aspects relevant to adjuvant quality at development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Montomoli
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Division, University of Siena, Tuscany, Italy.
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Abstract
Simple and efficient technologies for intradermal immunization have recently been developed, making cutaneous vaccination a valid alternative for vaccine delivery. This raises an urgent need for safe and potent adjuvants suitable for cutaneous vaccination. Many traditional adjuvants like aluminum-based adjuvants may not be appropriate for boosting cutaneous immunization because they evoke strong and persistent inflammation in the skin that would potentially breach its integrity with serious consequences. Laser vaccine adjuvant is induced by brief illumination of a small area of the skin with a safe, noninvasive laser prior to intradermal injection of the vaccine into the site of illumination. It does not stimulate overt inflammation or reactogenicity in the skin and boosts immune responses via enhancing the motility of antigen-presenting cells. Laser vaccine adjuvant is convenient, safe and ideal for augmentation of cutaneous immunization and has distinct advantages over conventional adjuvants, in particular when encountering vaccine shortages during an unpredictable event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Chen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Coler RN, Bertholet S, Moutaftsi M, Guderian JA, Windish HP, Baldwin SL, Laughlin EM, Duthie MS, Fox CB, Carter D, Friede M, Vedvick TS, Reed SG. Development and characterization of synthetic glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant system as a vaccine adjuvant. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16333. [PMID: 21298114 PMCID: PMC3027669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses to vaccine adjuvants based on lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, are driven by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and adaptor proteins including MyD88 and TRIF, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons, and chemokines. We report here on the characterization of a synthetic hexaacylated lipid A derivative, denoted as glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA). We assessed the effects of GLA on murine and human dendritic cells (DC) by combining microarray, mRNA and protein multiplex assays and flow cytometry analyses. We demonstrate that GLA has multifunctional immunomodulatory activity similar to naturally-derived monophosphory lipid A (MPL) on murine DC, including the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, DC maturation and antigen-presenting functions. In contrast, hexaacylated GLA was overall more potent on a molar basis than heterogeneous MPL when tested on human DC and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). When administered in vivo, GLA enhanced the immunogenicity of co-administered recombinant antigens, producing strong cell-mediated immunity and a qualitative T(H)1 response. We conclude that the GLA adjuvant stimulates and directs innate and adaptive immune responses by inducing DC maturation and the concomitant release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines associated with immune cell trafficking, activities which have important implications for the development of future vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea N. Coler
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sylvie Bertholet
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Magdalini Moutaftsi
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeff A. Guderian
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hillarie Plessner Windish
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elsa M. Laughlin
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Malcolm S. Duthie
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Darrick Carter
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Martin Friede
- Initiative for Vaccine Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas S. Vedvick
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Reed
- Preclinical Biology, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jan M, Virtue AT, Pansuria M, Liu J, Xiong X, Fang P, Meng S, Wang H, Yang XF. The Role of Immunogenicity in Cardiovascular Disease. WORLD HEART JOURNAL 2011; 3:1-29. [PMID: 24511305 PMCID: PMC3915419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, many of the complexities associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been unlocked. However, despite these breakthroughs, CVD and its related complications are the leading contributors of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which indicates the shortcomings of current treatment regimens and the need for continued research. Published data within the field clearly indicates that CVD are built on inflammation and autoimmune platforms, though a strong, fundamental understanding of the mechanisms remains elusive. Areas such as the mechanisms underlying increased immunogenicity of self-proteins in the cardiovascular system, the roles of immunogenic auto-antigens in eliciting inflammatory autoimmune responses, and the immunosuppressive mechanisms involved in controlling inflammatory and autoimmune cardiovascular diseases remain to be well-understood. We will delve into these topics and the advancements made within the field in this review. Specifically, we will concentrate on the innate and adaptive immune responses mediating immunogenicity; the mechanisms of inflammation and autoimmunity in atherogenesis; the mechanisms of inflammation and autoimmunity in diabetic atherosclerosis; immunogenicity and stem cell therapy; as well as immunogenicity and immunosuppression. In depth examination and comprehension of these topics will provide insight into the recent progress of the field and bring to the forefront potentially novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jan
- Department of Pharmacology
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Anthony T. Virtue
- Department of Pharmacology
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Meghanaben Pansuria
- Department of Pharmacology
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Jingshan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Xinyu Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Pu Fang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Shu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center
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Aichinger MC, Ginzler M, Weghuber J, Zimmermann L, Riedl K, Schütz G, Nagy E, von Gabain A, Schweyen R, Henics T. Adjuvating the adjuvant: facilitated delivery of an immunomodulatory oligonucleotide to TLR9 by a cationic antimicrobial peptide in dendritic cells. Vaccine 2010; 29:426-36. [PMID: 21093498 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
IC31(®) is a novel bi-component vaccine adjuvant consisting of the peptide KLKL(5)KLK (KLK) and the TLR9 agonist oligonucleotide d(IC)(13) (ODN1a). While membrane-interacting properties of KLK and immuno-modulating capabilities of ODN1a have been characterized in detail, little is known of how these two molecules function together and synergize in interacting with their primary target cells, dendritic cells (DCs). We have found that KLK-triggered aggregates entrapped ODN1a and these complexes readily associated with the DC cell surface. KLK stimulated the uptake and internalization of ODN1a via endocytosis, while the bulk of the peptide remained associated with the cell periphery. ODN1a co-localized with early and late endosomes as well as endoplasmic reticular structures. ODN1a co-localized with TLR9 positive compartments following KLK mediated uptake. These features did not depend on the expression of TLR-9. Our results reveal novel mechanisms that allow KLK to enhance the effects of the TLR-9 ligand ODN1a in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Aichinger
- Department of Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Naloxone and alum synergistically augment adjuvant activities of each other in a mouse vaccine model of Salmonella typhimurium infection. Immunobiology 2010; 216:744-51. [PMID: 21093956 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alum is the most commonly used adjuvant for human vaccination but is a poor inducer of cell mediated immunity and T helper 1 (Th1) responses. We have previously shown that naloxone (NLX), which is a general opioid antagonist, acts as an effective adjuvant in enhancing vaccine-induced cellular immunity and Th1 immune responses. Here, we tested the efficacy of an alum-NLX mixture, as a new adjuvant, in the induction of humoral and cellular immunity in response to endotoxin-removed lysate (ERL) of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) as a model vaccine. BALB/c mice were divided into five vaccination groups. Mice in the experimental groups received either the ERL vaccine alone or in combination with the adjuvant alum, NLX or the alum-NLX mixture. Mice in the negative control group received phosphate-buffered saline. All mice were immunized on days 0 and 7. Two weeks after the last immunization, immune responses to S. typhimurium were assessed. Our results indicate that including the alum-NLX mixture as an adjuvant during vaccination increased the ability of the ERL vaccine to enhance lymphocyte proliferation, shifted the immune response toward a Th1 profile and increased S. typhimurium-specific IgG, IgG2a and the ratio of IgG2a to IgG1. This resulted in improved protective immunity against S. typhimurium. In conclusion, administering an alum-NLX mixture adjuvant in combination with the ERL vaccine enhances both humoral and cellular immunity, and shifts the immune response to a Th1 pattern.
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Denisov AA, Korobovtseva YS, Karpova OM, Tretyakova AV, Mikhina LV, Ivanov AV, Salmakov KM, Borovick RV. Immunopotentiation of live brucellosis vaccine by adjuvants. Vaccine 2010; 28 Suppl 5:F17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Inflammatory and autoimmune reactions in atherosclerosis and vaccine design informatics. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:459798. [PMID: 20414374 PMCID: PMC2858284 DOI: 10.1155/2010/459798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading pathological contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. As its complex pathogenesis has been gradually unwoven, the regime of treatments and therapies has increased with still much ground to cover. Active research in the past decade has attempted to develop antiatherosclerosis vaccines with some positive results. Nevertheless, it remains to develop a vaccine against atherosclerosis with high affinity, specificity, efficiency, and minimal undesirable pathology. In this review, we explore vaccine development against atherosclerosis by interpolating a number of novel findings in the fields of vascular biology, immunology, and bioinformatics. With recent technological breakthroughs, vaccine development affords precision in specifying the nature of the desired immune response—useful when addressing a disease as complex as atherosclerosis with a manifold of inflammatory and autoimmune components. Moreover, our exploration of available bioinformatic tools for epitope-based vaccine design provides a method to avoid expenditure of excess time or resources.
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