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Patil NY, Friedman JE, Joshi AD. Role of Hepatic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. RECEPTORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 2:1-15. [PMID: 37284280 PMCID: PMC10240927 DOI: 10.3390/receptors2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous nuclear receptors including farnesoid X receptor, liver X receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, pregnane X receptor, hepatic nuclear factors have been extensively studied within the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Following the first description of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in the 1970s and decades of research which unveiled its role in toxicity and pathophysiological processes, the functional significance of AhR in NAFLD has not been completely decoded. Recently, multiple research groups have utilized a plethora of in vitro and in vivo models that mimic NAFLD pathology to investigate the functional significance of AhR in fatty liver disease. This review provides a comprehensive account of studies describing both the beneficial and possible detrimental role of AhR in NAFLD. A plausible reconciliation for the paradox indicating AhR as a 'double-edged sword' in NAFLD is discussed. Finally, understanding AhR ligands and their signaling in NAFLD will facilitate us to probe AhR as a potential drug target to design innovative therapeutics against NAFLD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Y. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Aditya D. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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Maharjan CK, Mo J, Wang L, Kim MC, Wang S, Borcherding N, Vikas P, Zhang W. Natural and Synthetic Estrogens in Chronic Inflammation and Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010206. [PMID: 35008370 PMCID: PMC8744660 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic role of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in breast cancer has long been established. Interaction of estrogen with estrogen receptor (ER) in the nucleus activates genomic pathways of estrogen signaling. In contrast, estrogen interaction with the cell membrane-bound G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) activates the rapid receptor-mediated signaling transduction cascades. Aberrant estrogen signaling enhances mammary epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis, hence is an important step towards breast cancer initiation and progression. Meanwhile, a growing number of studies also provide evidence for estrogen's pro- or anti-inflammatory roles. As other articles in this issue cover classic ER and GPER signaling mediated by estrogen, this review will discuss the crucial mechanisms by which estrogen signaling influences chronic inflammation and how that is involved in breast cancer. Xenoestrogens acquired from plant diet or exposure to industrial products constantly interact with and alter innate estrogen signaling at various levels. As such, they can modulate chronic inflammation and breast cancer development. Natural xenoestrogens generally have anti-inflammatory properties, which is consistent with their chemoprotective role in breast cancer. In contrast, synthetic xenoestrogens are proinflammatory and carcinogenic compounds that can increase the risk of breast cancer. This article also highlights important xenoestrogens with a particular focus on their role in inflammation and breast cancer. Improved understanding of the complex relationship between estrogens, inflammation, and breast cancer will guide clinical research on agents that could advance breast cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K. Maharjan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.K.M.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (M.-C.K.)
| | - Jiao Mo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.K.M.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (M.-C.K.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.K.M.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (M.-C.K.)
| | - Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.K.M.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (M.-C.K.)
| | - Sameul Wang
- Canyonoak Consulting LLC, San Diego, CA 92127, USA;
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Praveen Vikas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.K.M.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (M.-C.K.)
- Mechanism of Oncogenesis Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: to: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-6748
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St Paul M, Saibil SD, Han S, Israni-Winger K, Lien SC, Laister RC, Sayad A, Penny S, Amaria RN, Haydu LE, Garcia-Batres CR, Kates M, Mulder DT, Robert-Tissot C, Gold MJ, Tran CW, Elford AR, Nguyen LT, Pugh TJ, Pinto DM, Wargo JA, Ohashi PS. Coenzyme A fuels T cell anti-tumor immunity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2415-2427.e6. [PMID: 34879240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic programming is intricately linked to the anti-tumor properties of T cells. To study the metabolic pathways associated with increased anti-tumor T cell function, we utilized a metabolomics approach to characterize three different CD8+ T cell subsets with varying degrees of anti-tumor activity in murine models, of which IL-22-producing Tc22 cells displayed the most robust anti-tumor activity. Tc22s demonstrated upregulation of the pantothenate/coenzyme A (CoA) pathway and a requirement for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for differentiation. Exogenous administration of CoA reprogrammed T cells to increase OXPHOS and adopt the CD8+ Tc22 phenotype independent of polarizing conditions via the transcription factors HIF-1α and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In murine tumor models, treatment of mice with the CoA precursor pantothenate enhanced the efficacy of anti-PDL1 antibody therapy. In patients with melanoma, pre-treatment plasma pantothenic acid levels were positively correlated with the response to anti-PD1 therapy. Collectively, our data demonstrate that pantothenate and its metabolite CoA drive T cell polarization, bioenergetics, and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael St Paul
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Samuel D Saibil
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - SeongJun Han
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Kavita Israni-Winger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Scott C Lien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Rob C Laister
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Azin Sayad
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Susanne Penny
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren E Haydu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Meghan Kates
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - David T Mulder
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Céline Robert-Tissot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Matthew J Gold
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Charles W Tran
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Alisha R Elford
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Linh T Nguyen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Devanand M Pinto
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada.
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The Landscape of AhR Regulators and Coregulators to Fine-Tune AhR Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020757. [PMID: 33451129 PMCID: PMC7828596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates numerous cellular responses. Originally investigated in toxicology because of its ability to bind environmental contaminants, AhR has attracted enormous attention in the field of immunology in the last 20 years. In addition, the discovery of endogenous and plant-derived ligands points to AhR also having a crucial role in normal cell physiology. Thus, AhR is emerging as a promiscuous receptor that can mediate either toxic or physiologic effects upon sensing multiple exogenous and endogenous molecules. Within this scenario, several factors appear to contribute to the outcome of gene transcriptional regulation by AhR, including the nature of the ligand as such and its further metabolism by AhR-induced enzymes, the local tissue microenvironment, and the presence of coregulators or specific transcription factors in the cell. Here, we review the current knowledge on the array of transcription factors and coregulators that, by interacting with AhR, tune its transcriptional activity in response to endogenous and exogenous ligands.
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis and its correlation with disease severity. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:148-153. [PMID: 31868801 PMCID: PMC7028167 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which is critically involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of skin diseases. The aim of this study was to detect AhR and its downstream regulators including cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1), AhR nuclear translocation (ARNT), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and skin lesions in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods Twenty-nine AD patients defined according to the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka and Chinese criteria of AD were included. Subjects without allergic and chronic diseases were recruited as controls. Patients and controls were selected from the dermatology outpatient clinic of Peking University People's Hospital from August 1 to December 31 in 2018. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect serum AhR level. The mRNA of AhR, AhRR, ARNT, and CYP1A1 in PBMCs were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. AhR expression in skin lesions was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results AhR was significantly higher expressed in serum (41.26 ± 4.52 vs. 33.73 ± 2.49 pmol/L, t = 6.507, P < 0.001) and skin lesions (0.191 ± 0.041 vs. 0.087 ± 0.017, t = 10.036, P < 0.001) of AD patients compared with those of controls. The mRNA levels of AhR (1.572 ± 0.392 vs. 1.000 ± 0.173, t = 6.819, P < 0.001), AhRR (2.402 ± 1.716 vs. 1.000 ± 0.788, t = 3.722, P < 0.001), CYP1A1 (2.258 ± 1.598 vs. 1.000 ± 0.796, t = 3.400, P = 0.002) in PBMCs of AD patients were higher compared with those of controls. The difference in mRNA levels of ARNT was not statistically significant between the patients and controls (1.383 ± 0.842 vs. 1.000 ± 0.586, t = 1.653, P = 0.105). AhR mRNA levels in PBMCs positively correlated with eczema area and severity index score and serum interleukin-6 levels. Conclusion AhR and its downstream regulators were highly expressed in serum, PBMCs, and skin of AD patients, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Leclair HM, Tardif N, Paris A, Galibert MD, Corre S. Role of Flavonoids in the Prevention of AhR-Dependent Resistance During Treatment with BRAF Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145025. [PMID: 32708687 PMCID: PMC7404066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi and MEKi) are the standard of care for the treatment of metastatic melanoma in patients with BRAFV600E mutations, greatly improving progression-free survival. However, the acquisition of resistance to BRAFi and MEKi remains a difficult clinical challenge, with limited therapeutic options available for these patients. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids as specific AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor) transcription factor antagonists in combination with BRAFi. Experimental Design: Experiments were performed in vitro and in vivo with various human melanoma cell lines (mutated for BRAFV600E) sensitive or resistant to BRAFi. We evaluated the role of various flavonoids on cell sensitivity to BRAFi and their ability to counteract resistance and the invasive phenotype of melanoma. Results: Flavonoids were highly effective in potentiating BRAFi therapy in human melanoma cell lines by increasing sensitivity and delaying the pool of resistant cells that arise during treatment. As AhR antagonists, flavonoids counteracted a gene expression program associated with the acquisition of resistance and phenotype switching that leads to an invasive and EMT-like phenotype. Conclusions: The use of natural flavonoids opens new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of patients with BRAF-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse M. Leclair
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Nina Tardif
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Anaïs Paris
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Marie-Dominique Galibert
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Hospital University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (M.-D.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Sébastien Corre
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.-D.G.); (S.C.)
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Avilla MN, Malecki KMC, Hahn ME, Wilson RH, Bradfield CA. The Ah Receptor: Adaptive Metabolism, Ligand Diversity, and the Xenokine Model. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:860-879. [PMID: 32259433 PMCID: PMC7175458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Ah receptor (AHR) has been studied for almost five decades. Yet, we still have many important questions about its role in normal physiology and development. Moreover, we still do not fully understand how this protein mediates the adverse effects of a variety of environmental pollutants, such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins ("dioxins"), and many polyhalogenated biphenyls. To provide a platform for future research, we provide the historical underpinnings of our current state of knowledge about AHR signal transduction, identify a few areas of needed research, and then develop concepts such as adaptive metabolism, ligand structural diversity, and the importance of proligands in receptor activation. We finish with a discussion of the cognate physiological role of the AHR, our perspective on why this receptor is so highly conserved, and how we might think about its cognate ligands in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mele N. Avilla
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology
Center, Department of Population Health
Sciences, University of Wisconsin School
of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2379, United States
| | - Kristen M. C. Malecki
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology
Center, Department of Population Health
Sciences, University of Wisconsin School
of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2379, United States
| | - Mark E. Hahn
- Biology
Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1050, United States
| | - Rachel H. Wilson
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology
Center, Department of Population Health
Sciences, University of Wisconsin School
of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2379, United States
| | - Christopher A. Bradfield
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology
Center, Department of Population Health
Sciences, University of Wisconsin School
of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2379, United States
- McArdle
Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine
and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-227, United States
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Positive allosteric modulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 restrains neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3848-3857. [PMID: 32024760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918215117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
l-tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid for mammals, is the precursor of a wide array of immunomodulatory metabolites produced by the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. The kynurenine pathway is a paramount source of several immunoregulatory metabolites, including l-kynurenine (Kyn), the main product of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the pathway. In the serotonin pathway, the metabolite N-acetylserotonin (NAS) has been shown to possess antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective properties in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the exact mode of action of the serotonin metabolite and the possible interplay between the 2 Trp metabolic pathways. Prompted by the discovery that NAS neuroprotective effects in EAE are abrogated in mice lacking IDO1 expression, we investigated the NAS mode of action in neuroinflammation. We found that NAS directly binds IDO1 and acts as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the IDO1 enzyme in vitro and in vivo. As a result, increased Kyn will activate the ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor and, consequently, antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory effects. Because NAS also increased IDO1 activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a significant proportion of MS patients, our data may set the basis for the development of IDO1 PAMs as first-in-class drugs in autoimmune/neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Schurman SH, O'Hanlon TP, McGrath JA, Gruzdev A, Bektas A, Xu H, Garantziotis S, Zeldin DC, Miller FW. Transethnic associations among immune-mediated diseases and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the aryl hydrocarbon response gene ARNT and the PTPN22 immune regulatory gene. J Autoimmun 2019; 107:102363. [PMID: 31759816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because immune responses are sensitive to environmental changes that drive selection of genetic variants, we hypothesized that polymorphisms of some xenobiotic response and immune response genes may be associated with specific types of immune-mediated diseases (IMD), while others may be associated with IMD as a larger category regardless of specific phenotype or ethnicity. OBJECTIVE To examine transethnic gene-IMD associations for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies of prototypic xenobiotic response genes-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT), AHR repressor (AHRR) - and a prototypic immune response gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), in subjects from the Environmental Polymorphisms Registry (EPR). METHODS Subjects (n = 3731) were genotyped for 14 SNPs associated with functional variants of the AHR, ARNT, AHRR, and PTPN22 genes, and their frequencies were compared among African Americans (n = 1562), Caucasians (n = 1838), and Hispanics (n = 331) with previously reported data. Of those genotyped, 2015 EPR subjects completed a Health and Exposure survey. SNPs were assessed via PLINK for associations with IMD, which included those with autoimmune diseases, allergic disorders, asthma, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Transethnic meta-analyses were performed using METAL and MANTRA approaches. RESULTS ARNT SNP rs11204735 was significantly associated with autoimmune disease by transethnic meta-analyses using METAL (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval] = 1.29 [1.08-1.55]) and MANTRA (ORs ranged from 1.29 to 1.30), whereas ARNT SNP rs1889740 showed a significant association with autoimmune disease by METAL (OR = 1.25 [1.06-1.47]). For Caucasian females, PTPN22 SNP rs2476601 was significantly associated with autoimmune disease by allelic association tests (OR = 1.99, [1.30-3.04]). In Caucasians and Caucasian males, PTPN22 SNP rs3811021 was significantly associated with IMD (OR = 1.39 [1.12-1.72] and 1.50 [1.12-2.02], respectively) and allergic disease (OR = 1.39 [1.12-1.71], and 1.62 [1.19-2.20], respectively). In the transethnic meta-analysis, PTPN22 SNP rs3811021 was significantly implicated in IMD by METAL (OR = 1.31 [1.10-1.56]), and both METAL and MANTRA suggested that rs3811021 was associated with IMD and allergic disease in males across all three ethnic groups (IMD METAL OR = 1.50 [1.15-1.95]; IMD MANTRA ORs ranged from 1.47 to 1.50; allergic disease METAL OR = 1.58 [1.20-2.08]; allergic disease MANTRA ORs ranged from 1.55 to 1.59). CONCLUSIONS Some xenobiotic and immune response gene polymorphisms were shown here, for the first time, to have associations across a broad spectrum of IMD and ethnicities. Our findings also suggest a role for ARNT in the development of autoimmune diseases, implicating environmental factors metabolized by this pathway in pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to confirm these data, assess the implications of these findings, define gene-environment interactions, and explore the mechanisms leading to these increasingly prevalent disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shepherd H Schurman
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA; Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Terrance P O'Hanlon
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA; Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Arsun Bektas
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hong Xu
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA; Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Frederick W Miller
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA; Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Ghaly S, Hart PH, Lawrance IC. Inflammatory bowel diseases: interrelationships between dietary vitamin D, exposure to UV radiation and the fecal microbiome. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:1039-1048. [PMID: 31657973 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1685874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Environmental factors and an altered fecal microbiome are believed to be central to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Vitamin D and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are environmental factors that are associated by several pathways, including changes to the gastrointestinal microbiome, with the development and course of IBD.Area covered: This review explores the interaction of vitamin D, and UVR, with the intestinal innate and adaptive immune systems, and how they may influence the gut microbiome and the subsequent development, and progression, of IBD.Expert opinion: Vitamin D and UVR both regulate innate and adaptive immunity through a combination of common and independent mechanisms, with the overall effect being the promotion of immune tolerance. Vitamin D, and to a lesser extent UVR, can modify the gastrointestinal microbiome either directly, or through immune-mediated mechanisms and this may explain the effect on intestinal inflammation in animal models of IBD and some clinical studies. Thus, both vitamin D and UVR exposure can be considered potential 'master regulators' of gastrointestinal immunity, fine-tuning the complex interaction between genetics, host immunity and the gut microbiome. Further research and increased understanding of environment-host interactions is essential to achieving the ultimate goal of preventing and curing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ghaly
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Inflammation, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Inflammation, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ian C Lawrance
- Inflammation, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
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11
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Gargaro M, Vacca C, Massari S, Scalisi G, Manni G, Mondanelli G, Mazza EMC, Bicciato S, Pallotta MT, Orabona C, Belladonna ML, Volpi C, Bianchi R, Matino D, Iacono A, Panfili E, Proietti E, Iamandii IM, Cecchetti V, Puccetti P, Tabarrini O, Fallarino F, Grohmann U. Engagement of Nuclear Coactivator 7 by 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Enhances Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Immunoregulatory Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1973. [PMID: 31481962 PMCID: PMC6710348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) degradation that produces several biologically active Trp metabolites. L-kynurenine (Kyn), the first byproduct by IDO1, promotes immunoregulatory effects via activation of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes. We here identified the nuclear coactivator 7 (NCOA7) as a molecular target of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), a Trp metabolite produced downstream of Kyn along the kynurenine pathway. In cells overexpressing NCOA7 and AhR, the presence of 3-HAA increased the association of the two molecules and enhanced Kyn-driven, AhR-dependent gene transcription. Physiologically, conventional (cDCs) but not plasmacytoid DCs or other immune cells expressed high levels of NCOA7. In cocultures of CD4+ T cells with cDCs, the co-addition of Kyn and 3-HAA significantly increased the induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and the production of immunosuppressive transforming growth factor β in an NCOA7-dependent fashion. Thus, the co-presence of NCOA7 and the Trp metabolite 3-HAA can selectively enhance the activation of ubiquitary AhR in cDCs and consequent immunoregulatory effects. Because NCOA7 is often overexpressed and/or mutated in tumor microenvironments, our current data may provide evidence for a new immune check-point mechanism based on Trp metabolism and AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scalisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Manni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emilia M C Mazza
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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12
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Ji J, Qu H. Cross-regulatory Circuit Between AHR and Microbiota. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:4-8. [PMID: 29380692 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180129151150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbes have a close symbiotic relationship with their host. Interactions between host and the microbiota affect the nutritional, immunological, and physiological status of the host. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of xenobiotics. Recently, the relationship between the gut microbiota and AHR has attracted the attention of many researchers. METHODS We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature. RESULTS We found and reviewed 49 peer-reviewed papers dealing with the major aspects related to the crosstalk between AHR and microbiota. The AHR influences the intestinal microbiota population and mediates host-microbe homeostasis. Interestingly, the gut microbiota also produces ligands of AHR from bacterial metabolism and thereby activates the AHR signaling pathway. Concusion: This review presents current knowledge of the cross-regulatory circuit between the AHR and intestinal microbiota. The findings of this review confirm the importance of AHR-microbiota interactions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Corre S, Tardif N, Mouchet N, Leclair HM, Boussemart L, Gautron A, Bachelot L, Perrot A, Soshilov A, Rogiers A, Rambow F, Dumontet E, Tarte K, Bessede A, Guillemin GJ, Marine JC, Denison MS, Gilot D, Galibert MD. Sustained activation of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor transcription factor promotes resistance to BRAF-inhibitors in melanoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4775. [PMID: 30429474 PMCID: PMC6235830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors target the BRAF-V600E/K mutated kinase, the driver mutation found in 50% of cutaneous melanoma. They give unprecedented anti-tumor responses but acquisition of resistance ultimately limits their clinical benefit. The master regulators driving the expression of resistance-genes remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) transcription factor is constitutively activated in a subset of melanoma cells, promoting the dedifferentiation of melanoma cells and the expression of BRAFi-resistance genes. Typically, under BRAFi pressure, death of BRAFi-sensitive cells leads to an enrichment of a small subpopulation of AhR-activated and BRAFi-persister cells, responsible for relapse. Also, differentiated and BRAFi-sensitive cells can be redirected towards an AhR-dependent resistant program using AhR agonists. We thus identify Resveratrol, a clinically compatible AhR-antagonist that abrogates deleterious AhR sustained-activation. Combined with BRAFi, Resveratrol reduces the number of BRAFi-resistant cells and delays tumor growth. We thus propose AhR-impairment as a strategy to overcome melanoma resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Corre
- IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR6290, CNRS, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Nina Tardif
- IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR6290, CNRS, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Mouchet
- IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR6290, CNRS, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Héloïse M Leclair
- IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR6290, CNRS, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lise Boussemart
- IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR6290, CNRS, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital University of Rennes (CHU Rennes), F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Arthur Gautron
- IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR6290, CNRS, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Laura Bachelot
- IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR6290, CNRS, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Anthony Perrot
- IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR6290, CNRS, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Anatoly Soshilov
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Meyer Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Aljosja Rogiers
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Florian Rambow
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Erwan Dumontet
- MICMAC (MIcroenvironment, Cell differentiation, iMmunology And Cancer)-UMR_S 1236, Inserm, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- MICMAC (MIcroenvironment, Cell differentiation, iMmunology And Cancer)-UMR_S 1236, Inserm, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Center, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Meyer Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - David Gilot
- IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR6290, CNRS, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Marie-Dominique Galibert
- IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR6290, CNRS, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France. .,Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Hospital University of Rennes (CHU Rennes), F-35000, Rennes, France.
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14
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Weng CM, Wang CH, Lee MJ, He JR, Huang HY, Chao MW, Chung KF, Kuo HP. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by diesel exhaust particles mediates epithelium-derived cytokines expression in severe allergic asthma. Allergy 2018; 73:2192-2204. [PMID: 29672862 DOI: 10.1111/all.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental pollutants promotes Th2 cell responses. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation aggravates allergic responses. Epithelium-derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25, and IL-33 are implicated in the dysregulation of Th2 immune responses in severe allergic asthma. METHODS Bronchial biopsies of 28 allergic severe asthma and 6 mild asthma subjects from highly polluted areas were analyzed for AhR nuclear translocation (NT), cytokine expression, and gene activation. Cultured primary epithelial cells were stimulated with diesel exhausted particles (DEP) to determine AhR-mediated IL-33, Il-25, and TSLP synthesis and release. RESULTS Primary bronchial epithelial cells exposed to DEP showed upregulation of IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP. These effects were abolished by knockdown of AhR by siRNA. Increased AhR/ARNT binding to promoters of IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP was found using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Allergic severe asthma with high AhR NT had higher bronchial gene and protein expression of IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP. These patients derived clinical benefit from anti-IgE treatment. CONCLUSION Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by DEP mediates upregulation of IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP with Th2 activation, potentially linking environmental pollution and allergic severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.-M. Weng
- Department of Medicine; Taipei Medical University College of Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
| | - C.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine; Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chang Gung Medical Foundation; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - M.-J. Lee
- Department of Medicine; Taipei Medical University College of Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
| | - J.-R. He
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chang Gung Medical Foundation; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - H.-Y. Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chang Gung Medical Foundation; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - M.-W. Chao
- Center of Nanotechnology; Chung Yuan Christian University; Zhongli District, Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - K. F. Chung
- Airway Disease Section; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit; Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - H.-P. Kuo
- Department of Medicine; Taipei Medical University College of Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
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15
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Stedtfeld RD, Chai B, Crawford RB, Stedtfeld TM, Williams MR, Xiangwen S, Kuwahara T, Cole JR, Kaminski NE, Tiedje JM, Hashsham SA. Modulatory Influence of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria on Transcriptomic Response of Gnotobiotic Mice Exposed to TCDD. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1708. [PMID: 28936204 PMCID: PMC5594080 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental toxicants such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), are known to induce host toxicity and structural shifts in the gut microbiota. Key bacterial populations with similar or opposing functional responses to AhR ligand exposure may potentially help regulate expression of genes associated with immune dysfunction. To examine this question and the mechanisms for AhR ligand-induced bacterial shifts, C57BL/6 gnotobiotic mice were colonized with and without segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) – an immune activator. Mice were also colonized with polysaccharide A producing Bacteroides fragilis – an immune suppressor to serve as a commensal background. Following colonization, mice were administered TCDD (30 μg/kg) every 4 days for 28 days by oral gavage. Quantified with the nCounter® mouse immunology panel, opposing responses in ileal gene expression (e.g., genes associated with T-cell differentiation via the class II major histocompatibility complex) as a result of TCDD dosing and SFB colonization were observed. Genes that responded to TCDD in the presence of SFB did not show a significant response in the absence of SFB, and vice versa. Regulatory T-cells examined in the mesenteric lymph-nodes, spleen, and blood were also less impacted by TCDD in mice colonized with SFB. TCDD-induced shifts in abundance of SFB and B. fragilis compared with previous studies in mice with a traditional gut microbiome. With regard to the mouse model colonized with individual populations, results indicate that TCDD-induced host response was significantly modulated by the presence of SFB in the gut microbiome, providing insight into therapeutic potential between AhR ligands and key commensals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Stedtfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Benli Chai
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Robert B Crawford
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Tiffany M Stedtfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Maggie R Williams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Shao Xiangwen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Tomomi Kuwahara
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate SchoolTokushima, Japan
| | - James R Cole
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Norbert E Kaminski
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Syed A Hashsham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East LansingMI, United States.,Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
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16
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Xu K, Yang Z, Shi R, Luo C, Zhang Z. Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in rat brain lesions following traumatic brain injury. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:72. [PMID: 27506546 PMCID: PMC4977631 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with multiple functions operating in a variety of organs, including the brain. Recent studies have revealed that AhR played a functional role in traumatic injuries. This paper aims to study the expression of AhR during the early phase following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rat brains by immunohistochemistry. Methods Weight-drop induced TBI was performed in rats. The expression of AhR in brain of TBI rats were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results Neuron expression of AhR in the rat brains of experiment group had been upregulated since day 3 in lesional hemisphere compared to that of the control group and mainly located in the cytoplasm, indicating an inactivated state. Interestingly, the accumulation of AhR+ non-neuron cells became significant as early as 18 h after injury, which had kept increasing until 24 h post injury and then decreased slowly. For AhR+ non-neuron cells, the AhR mainly located in cell nucleus, indicating a reactive status. Furthermore, double staining showed that most AhR+ non-neuron cells co-localized with W3/13, a marker for T lymphocytes, but not with ED-1 (for activated microglia/macrophages) or GFAP (for activated astrocytes), suggesting that most AhR+ non-neuron cells were T lymphocytes. Conclusion This is the first study concerning AhR expression in brains following TBI, and our data demonstrated that AhR was upregulated and activated in T lymphocytes following TBI. More research is needed to make a more conclusive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of PLA, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Yang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of PLA, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchen Shi
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of PLA, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Luo
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of PLA, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Dorgham K, Amoura Z, Parizot C, Arnaud L, Frances C, Pionneau C, Devilliers H, Pinto S, Zoorob R, Miyara M, Larsen M, Yssel H, Gorochov G, Mathian A. Ultraviolet light converts propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker and potential lupus-inducing drug, into a proinflammatory AhR ligand. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3174-87. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; institut E3M; Service de médecine interne 2; Centre de Référence National pour le Lupus et le Syndrome des Antiphospholipides; Paris France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Département d'immunologie; Paris France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; institut E3M; Service de médecine interne 2; Centre de Référence National pour le Lupus et le Syndrome des Antiphospholipides; Paris France
| | | | - Cédric Pionneau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Inserm UMS-29 Omique, Plateforme P3S, F-75013; Paris France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon; Service de médecine interne 2 et centre d'investigation clinique; Dijon France
| | - Hervé Devilliers
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon; Service de médecine interne 2 et centre d'investigation clinique; Dijon France
| | - Sandra Pinto
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
| | - Rima Zoorob
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; institut E3M; Service de médecine interne 2; Centre de Référence National pour le Lupus et le Syndrome des Antiphospholipides; Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Département d'immunologie; Paris France
| | - Martin Larsen
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Département d'immunologie; Paris France
| | - Alexis Mathian
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; institut E3M; Service de médecine interne 2; Centre de Référence National pour le Lupus et le Syndrome des Antiphospholipides; Paris France
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18
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Thompson PA, Khatami M, Baglole CJ, Sun J, Harris SA, Moon EY, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Brown DG, Colacci A, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Hamid RA, Lowe L, Guarnieri T, Bisson WH. Environmental immune disruptors, inflammation and cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S232-53. [PMID: 26106141 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging area in environmental toxicology is the role that chemicals and chemical mixtures have on the cells of the human immune system. This is an important area of research that has been most widely pursued in relation to autoimmune diseases and allergy/asthma as opposed to cancer causation. This is despite the well-recognized role that innate and adaptive immunity play as essential factors in tumorigenesis. Here, we review the role that the innate immune cells of inflammatory responses play in tumorigenesis. Focus is placed on the molecules and pathways that have been mechanistically linked with tumor-associated inflammation. Within the context of chemically induced disturbances in immune function as co-factors in carcinogenesis, the evidence linking environmental toxicant exposures with perturbation in the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses is reviewed. Reported effects of bisphenol A, atrazine, phthalates and other common toxicants on molecular and cellular targets involved in tumor-associated inflammation (e.g. cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2, nuclear factor kappa B, nitric oxide synthesis, cytokines and chemokines) are presented as example chemically mediated target molecule perturbations relevant to cancer. Commentary on areas of additional research including the need for innovation and integration of systems biology approaches to the study of environmental exposures and cancer causation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medical School, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA, Inflammation and Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Retired), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2L3, Canada, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of South Korea, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, The Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A, 36 Arthur St, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy Center for Appl
| | - Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation and Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Retired), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shelley A Harris
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2L3, Canada
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of South Korea
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- The Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- The Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A, 36 Arthur St, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada
| | - Tiziana Guarnieri
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, 40126 Bologna, Italy, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale Medaglie d' Oro, 305, 00136 Roma, Italy and
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Jackson DP, Joshi AD, Elferink CJ. Ah Receptor Pathway Intricacies; Signaling Through Diverse Protein Partners and DNA-Motifs. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:1143-1158. [PMID: 26783425 PMCID: PMC4714567 DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ah receptor is a transcription factor that modulates gene expression via interactions with multiple protein partners; these are reviewed, including the novel NC-XRE pathway involving KLF6.
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Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process, frequently encompassing 3 stages: initiation, promotion and progression. It is characterized by multiple deviations from normal both at the cell and organism levels. Although most people have a small number of cells that present deviations from normal, most of those cells will not cause cancer. However, some will. What tips the balance between normal and abnormal is the subject of intense scientific research as well as unfounded speculations. Chronic inflammation is one of the risk factors for cancer. Resveratrol is consumed by the population as a dietary supplement in the hope of decreasing the risk of inflammation and cancer and other chronic diseases such as diabetes and vascular diseases. There is a discrepancy between the doses used in the animal studies showing that resveratrol decreases all three stages of carcinogenesis, and the doses ingested by the population either as supplements or in the diet. While there is health benefit from using high resveratrol doses, it might be also of practical and scientific benefit to focus future effort in understanding the effects of normal dietary resveratrol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica P Bunaciu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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21
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Huang SK, Zhang Q, Qiu Z, Chung KF. Mechanistic impact of outdoor air pollution on asthma and allergic diseases. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:23-33. [PMID: 25694815 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, asthma and allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and eczema, have become increasingly common, but the reason for this increased prevalence is still unclear. It has become apparent that genetic variation alone is not sufficient to account for the observed changes; rather, the changing environment, together with alterations in lifestyle and eating habits, are likely to have driven the increase in prevalence, and in some cases, severity of disease. This is particularly highlighted by recent awareness of, and concern about, the exposure to ubiquitous environmental pollutants, including chemicals with oxidant-generating capacities, and their impact on the human respiratory and immune systems. Indeed, several epidemiological studies have identified a variety of risk factors, including ambient pollutant gases and airborne particles, for the prevalence and the exacerbation of allergic diseases. However, the responsible pollutants remain unclear and the causal relationship has not been established. Recent studies of cellular and animal models have suggested several plausible mechanisms, with the most consistent observation being the direct effects of particle components on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resultant oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. This review attempts to highlight the experimental findings, with particular emphasis on several major mechanistic events initiated by exposure to particulate matters (PMs) in the exposure-disease relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shau-Ku Huang
- 1 Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 115 Zhunan, Taiwan ; 2 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 4 National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Qingling Zhang
- 1 Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 115 Zhunan, Taiwan ; 2 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 4 National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zhiming Qiu
- 1 Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 115 Zhunan, Taiwan ; 2 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 4 National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- 1 Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 115 Zhunan, Taiwan ; 2 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 4 National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
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22
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Wang C, Ye Z, Kijlstra A, Zhou Y, Yang P. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor affects activation and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:521-30. [PMID: 24749687 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is well known for mediating the toxic effects of dioxin-containing pollutants, but has also been shown to be involved in the natural regulation of the immune response. In this study, we investigated the effect of AhR activation by its endogenous ligands 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) and 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) on the differentiation, maturation and function of monocyte-derived DCs in Behçet's disease (BD) patients. In this study, we showed that AhR activation by FICZ and ITE down-regulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules including human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR), CD80 and CD86, while it had no effect on the expression of CD83 and CD40 on DCs derived from BD patients and normal controls. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated dendritic cells (DCs) from active BD patients showed a higher level of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production. FICZ or ITE significantly inhibited the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and TNF-α, but induced IL-10 production by DCs derived from active BD patients and normal controls. FICZ or ITE-treated DCs significantly inhibited the T helper type 17 (Th17) and Th1 cell response. Activation of AhR either by FICZ or ITE inhibits DC differentiation, maturation and function. Further studies are needed to investigate whether manipulation of the AhR pathway may be used to treat BD or other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Manners S, Alam R, Schwartz DA, Gorska MM. A mouse model links asthma susceptibility to prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:63-72. [PMID: 24365139 PMCID: PMC4065237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most asthma begins in the first years of life. This early onset cannot be attributed merely to genetic factors because the prevalence of asthma is increasing. Epidemiologic studies have indicated roles for prenatal and early childhood exposures, including exposure to diesel exhaust. However, little is known about the mechanisms. This is largely due to a paucity of animal models. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a mouse model of asthma susceptibility through prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6 female mice were given repeated intranasal applications of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) or PBS. Offspring underwent suboptimal immunization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) or received PBS. Pups were examined for features of asthma; lung and liver tissues were analyzed for transcription of DEP-regulated genes. RESULTS Offspring of mice exposed to DEPs were hypersensitive to OVA, as indicated by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, increased serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and increased pulmonary and systemic TH2 and TH17 cytokine levels. These cytokines were primarily produced by natural killer (NK) cells. Antibody-mediated depletion of NK cells prevented airway inflammation. Asthma susceptibility was associated with increased transcription of genes known to be specifically regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and oxidative stress. Features of asthma were either marginal or absent in OVA-treated pups of PBS-exposed mice. CONCLUSION We created a mouse model that linked maternal exposure to DEPs with asthma susceptibility in offspring. Development of asthma was dependent on NK cells and associated with increased transcription from aryl hydrocarbon receptor- and oxidative stress-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Manners
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo
| | - Magdalena M Gorska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo.
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Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the immune response profile and development of pathology during Plasmodium berghei Anka infection. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3127-40. [PMID: 24818665 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01733-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Plasmodium falciparum may result in severe disease affecting various organs, including liver, spleen, and brain, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Plasmodium berghei Anka infection of mice recapitulates many features of severe human malaria. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an intracellular receptor activated by ligands important in the modulation of the inflammatory response. We found that AhR-knockout (KO) mice infected with P. berghei Anka displayed increased parasitemia, earlier mortality, enhanced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the brain microvasculature, and increased inflammation in brain (interleukin-17 [IL-17] and IL-6) and liver (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) compared to infected wild-type (WT) mice. Infected AhR-KO mice also displayed a reduction in cytokines required for host resistance, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, in the brain and spleen. Infection of AhR-KO mice resulted in an increase in T regulatory cells and transforming growth factor β, IL-6, and IL-17 in the brain. AhR modulated the basal expression of SOCS3 in spleen and brain, and P. berghei Anka infection resulted in enhanced expression of SOCS3 in brain, which was absent in infected AhR-KO mice. These data suggest that AhR-mediated control of SOCS3 expression is probably involved in the phenotype seen in infected AhR-KO mice. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of a role for AhR in the pathogenesis of malaria.
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The ARNT-STAT3 axis regulates the differentiation of intestinal intraepithelial TCRαβ⁺CD8αα⁺ cells. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2112. [PMID: 23836150 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial T cells contribute to the regulation of inflammatory responses in the intestine; however, the molecular basis for their development and maintenance is unknown. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor complexes with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) and senses environmental factors, including gut microbiota. Here, we identify ARNT as a critical regulator of the differentiation of TCRαβ(+)CD8αα(+) intestinal intraepithelial T cells. Mice deficient in either ARNT or aryl hydrocarbon receptor show a greater than- eight-fold reduction in the number of TCRαβ(+)CD8αα(+) intestinal intraepithelial T cells. The number of TCRαβ(+)CD8αα(+) intestinal intraepithelial T cells is increased by treatment with an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist in germ-free mice and is decreased by antibiotic treatment. The Arnt-deficient precursors of TCRαβ(+)CD8αα(+) intestinal intraepithelial T cells express low amounts of STAT3 and fail to differentiate towards the TCRαβ(+)CD8αα(+) cell fate after IL-15 stimulation, a deficiency that is overcome by overexpression of Stat3. These data demonstrate that the ARNT-STAT3 axis is a critical regulator of TCRαβ(+)CD8αα(+) intestinal intraepithelial T-cell development and differentiation.
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26
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Toward understanding the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the immune system: current progress and future trends. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:520763. [PMID: 24527450 PMCID: PMC3914515 DOI: 10.1155/2014/520763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is regulated by distinct signaling pathways that control the development and function of the immune cells. Accumulating evidence suggest that ligation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), an environmentally responsive transcription factor, results in multiple cross talks that are capable of modulating these pathways and their downstream responsive genes. Most of the immune cells respond to such modulation, and many inflammatory response-related genes contain multiple xenobiotic-responsive elements (XREs) boxes upstream. Active research efforts have investigated the physiological role of Ahr in inflammation and autoimmunity using different animal models. Recently formed paradigm has shown that activation of Ahr by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) prompts the differentiation of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and inhibits T helper (Th)-17 suggesting that Ahr is an innovative therapeutic strategy for autoimmune inflammation. These promising findings generate a basis for future clinical practices in humans. This review addresses the current knowledge on the role of Ahr in different immune cell compartments, with a particular focus on inflammation and autoimmunity.
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27
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Nugent LF, Shi G, Vistica BP, Ogbeifun O, Hinshaw SJH, Gery I. ITE, a novel endogenous nontoxic aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand, efficiently suppresses EAU and T-cell-mediated immunity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:7463-9. [PMID: 24150760 PMCID: PMC3828045 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), such as dioxins, are highly toxic. One such ligand, TCDD, was found to exert potent immunosuppressive capacities in mice developing pathogenic autoimmune processes, including EAU, but its toxicity makes it unusable for humans. A recently identified endogenous AHR ligand, ITE, is also immunosuppressive, but is nontoxic and could therefore be useful for therapy in humans. Here, we tested ITE for its capacity to inhibit EAU and related immune responses. METHODS EAU was induced in B10.A mice by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP; 40 μg) in CFA. Treatment with ITE was by daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mg. Disease severity was assessed by both fundoscopy and histological examination. Draining lymph node cells were tested for proliferation by thymidine uptake and for cytokine production and release by ELISA. In addition, the intracellular expression of cytokines and Foxp3 was determined by flow cytometry. Serum antibodies were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Treatment with ITE efficiently inhibited the development of EAU in mice, as well as the cellular immune responses against IRBP and PPD. ITE treatment inhibited the expansion of both Th1 and Th17 subpopulations, as well as their release of the signature cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-17. The treatment moderately increased, however, the proportion of Foxp3 expressing T-regulatory cells. Antibody production was not affected by the treatment. CONCLUSIONS ITE, an endogenous AHR ligand, efficiently inhibits EAU development and related cellular immune responses. Being nontoxic, ITE may be considered for treatment of pathogenic immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey F Nugent
- Experimental Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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28
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Beamer CA, Shepherd DM. Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in lung inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 35:693-704. [PMID: 23963493 PMCID: PMC3821999 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Millions of individuals worldwide are afflicted with acute and chronic respiratory diseases, causing temporary and permanent disabilities and even death. Oftentimes, these diseases occur as a result of altered immune responses. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, acts as a regulator of mucosal barrier function and may influence immune responsiveness in the lungs through changes in gene expression, cell-cell adhesion, mucin production, and cytokine expression. This review updates the basic immunobiology of the AhR signaling pathway with regards to inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and silicosis following data in rodent models and humans. Finally, we address the therapeutic potential of targeting the AhR in regulating inflammation during acute and chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine A Beamer
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Skaggs Building Room 284, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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Wong LY, Hatfield JK, Brown MA. Ikaros sets the potential for Th17 lineage gene expression through effects on chromatin state in early T cell development. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35170-9. [PMID: 24145030 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.481440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are important effectors of immunity to extracellular pathogens, particularly at mucosal surfaces, but they can also contribute to pathologic tissue inflammation and autoimmunity. Defining the multitude of factors that influence their development is therefore of paramount importance. Our previous studies using Ikaros(-/-) CD4+ T cells implicated Ikaros in Th1 versus Th2 lineage decisions. Here we demonstrate that Ikaros also regulates Th17 differentiation through its ability to promote expression of multiple Th17 lineage-determining genes, including Ahr, Runx1, Rorc, Il17a, and Il22. Ikaros exerts its influence on the chromatin remodeling of these loci at two distinct stages in CD4+ T helper cell development. In naive cells, Ikaros is required to limit repressive chromatin modifications at these gene loci, thus maintaining the potential for expression of the Th17 gene program. Subsequently, Ikaros is essential for the acquisition of permissive histone marks in response to Th17 polarizing signals. Additionally, Ikaros represses the expression of genes that limit Th17 development, including Foxp3 and Tbx21. These data define new targets of the action of Ikaros and indicate that Ikaros plays a critical role in CD4+ T cell differentiation by integrating specific cytokine cues and directing epigenetic modifications that facilitate activation or repression of relevant genes that drive T cell lineage choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Y Wong
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent developments concerning the potential viral pathomechanisms and involvement of viruses in Sjögren's syndrome, and to highlight the areas for future research and therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Activated IFN-1 pathway plays an important part in the autoimmune disease process of Sjögren's syndrome; therefore, several therapies aiming to reduce or inhibit the IFN-1 production and its effects may be a target for future treatment plans. Activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor may interact with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which in turn may predispose to the development of Sjögren's syndrome. It is estimated that the population is 95% positive for EBV serology. Microbial factors may incite autoimmune disease. Although this hypothesis is proven in a few illnesses such as rheumatic fever, there is no definitive evidence of an infectious environmental trigger in Sjögren's syndrome. However, there are circumstantial data with regard to viruses and several potential mechanisms of disease. These include antigen mimicry, polyclonal lymphocyte activation, and infection-mediated innate end-organ inflammation. In addition, hepatitis C virus infection clearly causes a Sjögren's-syndrome-like illness. SUMMARY Data continue to implicate viral infection in the cause of Sjögren's syndrome, but there are no definitive studies incriminating a particular virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Igoe
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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31
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Murugaiyan J, Rockstroh M, Wagner J, Baumann S, Schorsch K, Trump S, Lehmann I, Bergen MV, Tomm JM. Benzo[a]pyrene affects Jurkat T cells in the activated state via the antioxidant response element dependent Nrf2 pathway leading to decreased IL-2 secretion and redirecting glutamine metabolism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:307-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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John K, Lahoti TS, Wagner K, Hughes JM, Perdew GH. The Ah receptor regulates growth factor expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:765-76. [PMID: 23625689 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines have revealed that the Ah receptor (AHR) plays a significant role in mediating the "aggressive" phenotype of these cells, which includes enhanced inflammatory signaling (e.g., IL6) and migratory potential. Here we sought to identify putative novel targets of the AHR associated with enhanced tumor invasiveness. Global gene expression analysis identified a number of genes that are repressed upon treatment of OSC-19 or HN30 cells with an AHR antagonist. Three growth factors were targets of AHR activity; amphiregulin (AREG), epiregulin (EREG), and platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) were repressed by an AHR antagonist and further examined. Quantitative PCR analysis, ELISA, and siRNA-mediated knock down of AHR revealed an attenuation of basal and/or induced levels of expression of these growth factors in two HNSCC lines, following AHR antagonism. In silico analysis revealed that these growth factors possess dioxin-like response elements. Two other AHR ligands, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) also elicited similar responses. In conclusion, this study identified AREG, EREG, and PDGFA as growth factor targets of AHR activity associated with metastatic phenotype of HNSCC cells, suggesting that attenuation of AHR activity may be a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaarthik John
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis and the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware
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Zhou Y, Tung HY, Tsai YM, Hsu SC, Chang HW, Kawasaki H, Tseng HC, Plunkett B, Gao P, Hung CH, Vonakis BM, Huang SK. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls murine mast cell homeostasis. Blood 2013; 121:3195-204. [PMID: 23462117 PMCID: PMC3630832 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-08-453597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a unique chemical sensor, is critical in controlling mast cell differentiation, growth, and function in vitro and in vivo. In antigen-stimulated mast cells, exposure to AhR ligands resulted in a calcium- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent increase of reversible oxidation in and reduced activity of SHP-2 phosphatase, leading to enhanced mast cell signaling, degranulation, and mediator and cytokine release, as well as the in vivo anaphylactic response. Surprisingly, significant mast cell deficiency was noted in AhR-null mice due to defective calcium signaling and mitochondrial function, concomitant with reduced expression of c-kit and cytosolic STAT proteins, as well as enhanced intracellular ROS and apoptosis. Consequently, AhR-null mast cells responded poorly to stimulation, demonstrating a critical role of AhR signaling in maintaining mast cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhou
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Rogers JA, Metz L, Yong VW. Review: Endocrine disrupting chemicals and immune responses: A focus on bisphenol-A and its potential mechanisms. Mol Immunol 2013; 53:421-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Epigenetically mediated pathogenic effects of phenanthrene on regulatory T cells. J Toxicol 2013; 2013:967029. [PMID: 23533402 PMCID: PMC3606805 DOI: 10.1155/2013/967029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a major constituent of urban air pollution. There have been conflicting results regarding the role of other AhR ligands 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 6-formylindolo [3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) in modifying regulatory T cell populations (Treg) or T helper (Th)17 differentiation, and the effects of Phe have been understudied. We hypothesized that different chemical entities of PAH induce Treg to become either Th2 or Th17 effector T cells through epigenetic modification of FOXP3. To determine specific effects on T cell populations by phenanthrene, primary human Treg were treated with Phe, TCDD, or FICZ and assessed for function, gene expression, and phenotype. Methylation of CpG sites within the FOXP3 locus reduced FOXP3 expression, leading to impaired Treg function and conversion of Treg into a CD4+CD25lo Th2 phenotype in Phe-treated cells. Conversely, TCDD treatment led to epigenetic modification of IL-17A and conversion of Treg to Th17 T cells. These findings present a mechanism by which exposure to AhR-ligands mediates human T cell responses and begins to elucidate the relationship between environmental exposures, immune modulation, and initiation of human disease.
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Harden JL, Egilmez NK. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and dendritic cell tolerogenicity. Immunol Invest 2013; 41:738-64. [PMID: 23017144 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2012.676122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a potent immune-suppressive enzyme, in dendritic cells (DCs). Specific attention is given to differential up-regulation of IDO in distinct DC subsets, its function in immune homeostasis/autoimmunity, infection and cancer; and the associated immunological outcomes. The review will conclude with a discussion of the poorly defined mechanisms that mediate the long-term maintenance of IDO-expression in response to inflammatory stimuli and how selective modulation of IDO activity may be used in the treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Harden
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.
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Fardel O. Cytokines as molecular targets for aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands: implications for toxicity and xenobiotic detoxification. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 9:141-52. [PMID: 23230817 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.738194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor historically known for regulating expression of several important drug-detoxifying proteins. Besides drug metabolism pathways, cytokines have been recently recognized as targeted by the AhR signaling cascade, which may contribute to toxicity and changes in xenobiotic detoxification caused by AhR agonists. AREAS COVERED This article summarizes the nature of the main cytokines regulated by AhR ligands and reviews their involvement in toxic effects of AhR ligands, especially in relation with inflammation. The article also discusses the potential implications for drug detoxification pathways. EXPERT OPINION Even if various cytokines, including inflammatory ones, have already been demonstrated to constitute robust targets for AhR, the exact role played by AhR with respect to inflammation remains to be determined. Further studies are also required to better characterize the molecular mechanisms implicated in regulation of cytokines by AhR ligands and to determine the role that may play AhR-targeted cytokines in alteration of xenobiotic detoxification. Finally, changes in cytokine receptor expression triggered by AhR ligands have additionally to be taken into account to better and more extensively comprehend the role played by AhR in the cytokine/inflammation area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fardel
- Institut de Recherche en Environnement, Santé et Travail (IRSET)/INSERM U 1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
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Fullerton AM, Roth RA, Ganey PE. 2,3,7,8-TCDD enhances the sensitivity of mice to concanavalin A immune-mediated liver injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 266:317-27. [PMID: 23164664 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in immune-mediated liver injury, and exposure to environmental pollutants such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been reported to alter the inflammatory response as well as affect immune cell activity. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TCDD pretreatment exacerbates hepatotoxicity in a murine model of immune-mediated liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A) administration. Mice were pretreated with 30 μg/kg TCDD or vehicle control on day zero and then given either Con A or saline intravenously on day four. Mice treated with TCDD did not develop liver injury; however, TCDD pretreatment increased liver injury resulting from moderate doses of Con A (4-10 mg/kg). TCDD-pretreated mice had altered plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFNγ), and TCDD/Con A-induced hepatotoxicity was attenuated in IFNγ knockout mice. At various times after treatment, intrahepatic immune cells were isolated, and expression of cell activation markers as well as cytolytic proteins was determined. TCDD pretreatment increased the proportion of activated natural killer T (NKT) cells and the percent of cells expressing Fas ligand (FasL) after Con A administration. In addition FasL knockout mice and mice treated with CD18 antiserum were both protected from TCDD/Con A-induced hepatotoxicity, suggesting a requirement for direct cell-cell interaction between effector immune cells and parenchymal cell targets in the development of liver injury from TCDD/Con A treatment. In summary, exposure to TCDD increased NKT cell activation and exacerbated immune-mediated liver injury induced by Con A through a mechanism involving IFNγ and FasL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Fullerton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, 1129 Farm Lane, Room 215, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Mjösberg J, Bernink J, Peters C, Spits H. Transcriptional control of innate lymphoid cells. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1916-23. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Spits H, Mjösberg J. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a sentinel safeguarding the survival of immune cells in the gut. Immunity 2012; 36:5-7. [PMID: 22284414 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) regulate the epithelial barrier function and immunity in the gut. How ILC numbers are maintained is unknown. In this issue of Immunity, Qiu et al. (2012) report that the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls survival and function of gut-residing ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hergen Spits
- Tytgat Institute of Intestinal and Liver Research at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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41
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Wang HK, Yeh CH, Iwamoto T, Satsu H, Shimizu M, Totsuka M. Dietary flavonoid naringenin induces regulatory T cells via an aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2171-2178. [PMID: 22324845 DOI: 10.1021/jf204625y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor mediating xenobiotic detoxification, plays a considerable role in regulatory T cell (Treg) induction. Tregs regulate the immune system, thus suppressing allergies and autoimmune diseases. This study aims to identify new types of antiallergic dietary factors, with focus on the flavonoids with potential AhR agonistic activity. Among 25 dietary flavonoid samples tested using a reporter assay, 8 showed marked induction of AhR-dependent transcriptional activity. The subsequent T cell proliferation suppression assay identified naringenin as the only sample capable of stimulating Treg induction; notably, this induction was eliminated by cotreatment with AhR antagonists. Indeed, naringenin induced CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs, irrespective of the presence of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), indicating that the conventional TGF-β-dependent signaling pathway might not be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Kai Wang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Ilchmann A, Krause M, Heilmann M, Burgdorf S, Vieths S, Toda M. Impact of culture medium on maturation of bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Mol Immunol 2012; 51:42-50. [PMID: 22377453 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a role in modulating dendritic cell (DC) immunity. Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM) contains higher amounts of AhR ligands than RPMI1640 medium. Here, we examined the influence of AhR ligand-containing medium on the maturation and T-cell stimulatory capacity of bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells (BMDCs). BMDCs generated in IMDM (BMDCs/IMDM) expressed higher levels of co-stimulatory and MHC class II molecules, and lower levels of pattern-recognition receptors, especially toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, and scavenger receptor class A (SR-A), compared to BMDCs generated in RPMI1640 medium (BMDCs/RPMI). Cytokine responses against ligands of TLRs and antigen uptake mediated by SR-A were remarkably reduced in BMDCs/IMDM, whereas the T-cell stimulatory capacity of the cells was enhanced, compared to BMDCs/RPMI. The enhanced maturation of BMDCs/IMDM was attenuated in the presence of an AhR antagonist, indicating involvement of AhR in the maturation. Interestingly, BMDCs/IMDM induced Th2 and Th17 differentiation at low and high concentrations of antigen respectively, when co-cultured with CD4(+) T-cells from antigen-specific T-cell receptor transgenic mice. In contrast, BMDCs/RPMI induced Th1 differentiation predominantly in the co-culture. Taken together, optimal selection of medium seems necessary when studying BMDCs, depending on the target receptors on the cell surface of DCs and type of helper T-cells for the co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ilchmann
- Junior Research Group Experimental Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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43
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Beamer CA, Seaver BP, Shepherd DM. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) regulates silica-induced inflammation but not fibrosis. Toxicol Sci 2012; 126:554-68. [PMID: 22273745 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is responsible for mediating a variety of pharmacological and toxicological effects caused by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). However, recent evidence has revealed that the AhR also has numerous physiological roles aside from xenobiotic metabolism, including regulation of immune and inflammatory signaling as well as normal development and homeostasis of several organs. To investigate the role of the AhR in crystalline silica (SiO(2))-induced inflammation and fibrosis, C57Bl/6 and AhR(-/)(-) mice were exposed to SiO(2) or vehicle. Similarly, C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to SiO(2) and TCDD either simultaneously or sequentially to assess whether AhR activation alters inflammation and fibrosis. SiO(2)-induced acute lung inflammation was more severe in AhR(-)(/-) mice; however, the fibrotic response of AhR(-)(/-) mice was attenuated compared with C57Bl/6 mice. In a model of chronic SiO(2) exposure, AhR activation by TCDD in C57Bl/6 mice resulted in reduced inflammation; however, the fibrotic response was not affected. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from AhR(-)(/-) mice also produced higher levels of cytokines and chemokines in response to SiO(2). Analysis of gene expression revealed that BMM derived from AhR(-)(/-) mice exhibit increased levels of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and Bcl-2, yet decreased levels of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)2, STAT5a, and serpin B2 (Pai-2) in response to SiO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine A Beamer
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
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44
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Spits H, Cupedo T. Innate lymphoid cells: emerging insights in development, lineage relationships, and function. Annu Rev Immunol 2012; 30:647-75. [PMID: 22224763 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are immune cells that lack a specific antigen receptor yet can produce an array of effector cytokines that in variety match that of T helper cell subsets. ILCs function in lymphoid organogenesis, tissue remodeling, antimicrobial immunity, and inflammation, particularly at barrier surfaces. Their ability to promptly respond to insults inflicted by stress-causing microbes strongly suggests that ILCs are critical in first-line immunological defenses. Here, we review current data on developmental requirements, lineage relationships, and effector functions of two families of ILCs: (a) Rorγt-expressing cells involved in lymphoid tissue formation, mucosal immunity, and inflammation and (b) type 2 ILCs that are important for helminth immunity. We also discuss the potential roles of ILCs in the pathology of immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases including allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hergen Spits
- Tytgat Institute of Liver and Intestinal Research of the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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45
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Wang T, Wyrick KL, Meadows GG, Wills TB, Vorderstrasse BA. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by TCDD inhibits mammary tumor metastasis in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:291-8. [PMID: 21948867 PMCID: PMC3216416 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists can slow or reverse the growth of primary mammary tumors in rodents, which has fostered interest in developing selective AhR modulators for treatment of breast cancer. However, the major goal of breast cancer therapy is to inhibit metastasis, the primary cause of mortality in women with this disease. Studies conducted using breast cancer cell lines have demonstrated that AhR agonists suppress proliferation, invasiveness, and colony formation in vitro; however, further exploration using in vivo models of metastasis is warranted. To test the effect of AhR activation on metastasis, 4T1.2 mammary tumor cells were injected into the mammary gland fat pad of syngeneic Balb/c mice treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Primary tumor growth was monitored for 4 weeks, at which time metastasis was determined. TCDD treatment suppressed metastasis by approximately 50%, as measured both in the lung and in mammary glands at sites distant from the primary tumor. Primary tumor growth was not suppressed by TCDD exposure nor was proliferation of 4T1.2 cells affected by TCDD treatment in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that the protective effect of AhR activation was selective for the metastatic process and not simply the result of a direct decrease in tumor cell proliferation or survival at the primary site. These observations in immunologically intact animals warrant further investigation into the mechanism of the protective effects of AhR activation and support the promise for use of AhR modulators to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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46
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Rhodes JD, Lott MC, Russell SL, Moulton V, Sanderson J, Wormstone IM, Broadway DC. Activation of the innate immune response and interferon signalling in myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 cataracts. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:852-62. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a common relapsing and remitting immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects the skin and joints. This review focuses on current immunogenetic concepts, key cellular players, and axes of cytokines that are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis. We highlight potential therapeutic targets and give an overview of the currently used immune-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri K Perera
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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48
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Modulation of the immune system by UV radiation: more than just the effects of vitamin D? Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:584-96. [PMID: 21852793 DOI: 10.1038/nri3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans obtain most of their vitamin D through the exposure of skin to sunlight. The immunoregulatory properties of vitamin D have been demonstrated in studies showing that vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor immune function and increased disease susceptibility. The benefits of moderate ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and the positive latitude gradients observed for some immune-mediated diseases may therefore reflect the activities of UV-induced vitamin D. Alternatively, other mediators that are induced by UV radiation may be more important for UV-mediated immunomodulation. Here, we compare and contrast the effects of UV radiation and vitamin D on immune function in immunopathological diseases, such as psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and asthma, and during infection.
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Boverhof DR, Chamberlain MP, Elcombe CR, Gonzalez FJ, Heflich RH, Hernández LG, Jacobs AC, Jacobson-Kram D, Luijten M, Maggi A, Manjanatha MG, Benthem JV, Gollapudi BB. Transgenic animal models in toxicology: historical perspectives and future outlook. Toxicol Sci 2011; 121:207-33. [PMID: 21447610 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic animal models are powerful tools for developing a more detailed understanding on the roles of specific genes in biological pathways and systems. Applications of these models have been made within the field of toxicology, most notably for the screening of mutagenic and carcinogenic potential and for the characterization of toxic mechanisms of action. It has long been a goal of research toxicologists to use the data from these models to refine hazard identification and characterization to better inform human health risk assessments. This review provides an overview on the applications of transgenic animal models in the assessment of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, their use as reporter systems, and as tools for understanding the roles of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and biological receptors in the etiology of chemical toxicity. Perspectives are also shared on the future outlook for these models in toxicology and risk assessment and how transgenic technologies are likely to be an integral tool for toxicity testing in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell R Boverhof
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, USA.
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50
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External influences on the immune system via activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Semin Immunol 2011; 23:99-105. [PMID: 21288737 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), subject of intensive research over three decades by the pharmacology/toxicology field has recently made its entry into mainstream immunology research and is set to continue to intrigue with ever more complex modes of modulating immune responses. The discovery of high and selective AhR expression on Th17 cells and its role in induction of the cytokine IL-22 attributed new immunological functions to this transcription factor and stimulated further research into physiological functions of the AhR in the immune system. A number of recent reviews have highlighted potential new avenues of research. This review addresses recent new insight into physiological roles of AhR in the immune system.
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