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Wang X, Yuan Z, Li Z, He X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Su J, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Zhao Y, Shen J, Yi T, Xiao Z. Key oncogenic signaling pathways affecting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma: basic principles and recent advances. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354313. [PMID: 38426090 PMCID: PMC10902128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks first among primary liver cancers, and its mortality rate exhibits a consistent annual increase. The treatment of HCC has witnessed a significant surge in recent years, with the emergence of targeted immune therapy as an adjunct to early surgical resection. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown promising results in other types of solid tumors. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate interactions between different types of TILs and their impact on HCC, elucidate strategies for targeting neoantigens through TILs, and address the challenges encountered in TIL therapies along with potential solutions. Furthermore, this article specifically examines the impact of oncogenic signaling pathways activation within the HCC tumor microenvironment on the infiltration dynamics of TILs. Additionally, a concise overview is provided regarding TIL preparation techniques and an update on clinical trials investigating TIL-based immunotherapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zijun Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhengbo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Longmatan District People’s Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Najafi S, Mortezaee K. Advances in dendritic cell vaccination therapy of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114954. [PMID: 37257227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, vaccines have helped eradication of several infectious diseases and also saved millions of lives in the human history. Those prophylactic vaccines have acted through inducing immune responses against a live attenuated, killed organism or antigenic subunits to protect the recipient against a real infection caused by the pathogenic microorganism. Nevertheless, development of anticancer vaccines as valuable targets in human health has faced challenges and requires further optimizations. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play essential roles in tumor immunotherapies through induction of CD8+ T cell immunity. Accordingly, various strategies have been tested to employ DCs as therapeutic vaccines for exploiting their activity against tumor cells. Application of whole tumor cells or purified/recombinant antigen peptides are the most common approaches for pulsing DCs, which then are injected back into the patients. Although some hopeful results are reported for a number of DC vaccines tested in animal and clinical trials of cancer patients, such approaches are still inefficient and require optimization. Failure of DC vaccination is postulated due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), overexpression of checkpoint proteins, suboptimal avidity of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific T lymphocytes, and lack of appropriate adjuvants. In this review, we have an overview of the current experiments and trials evaluated the anticancer efficacy of DC vaccination as well as focusing on strategies to improve their potential including combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Sun W, Ji P, Zhou T, Li Z, Xing C, Zhang L, Wei M, Yang G, Yuan L. Ultrasound Responsive Nanovaccine Armed with Engineered Cancer Cell Membrane and RNA to Prevent Foreseeable Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301107. [PMID: 37097746 PMCID: PMC10323640 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine has been considered as a promising immunotherapy by inducing specific anti-tumor immune response. Rational vaccination at suitable time to efficiently present tumor associated antigen will boost tumor immunity and is badly needed. Here, a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based cancer vaccine of nanoscale is designed, in which engineered tumor cell membrane proteins, mRNAs, and sonosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) are encapsulated at high efficiency. The nanosized vaccine can be efficiently delivered into antigen presentation cells (APCs) in lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection. In the APCs, the encapsulated cell membrane and RNA from engineered cells, which have disturbed splicing resembling the metastatic cells, provide neoantigens of metastatic cancer in advance. Moreover, the sonosensitizer Ce6 together with ultrasound irradiation promotes mRNA escape from endosome, and augments antigen presentation. Through 4T1 syngeneic mouse model, it has been proved that the proposed nanovaccine is efficient to elicit antitumor immunity and thus prevent cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Sun
- Department of Ultrasound DiagnosticsTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710038China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Panpan Ji
- Department of Digestive SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound DiagnosticsTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710038China
| | - Zhelong Li
- Department of Ultrasound DiagnosticsTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710038China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Changyang Xing
- Department of Ultrasound DiagnosticsTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710038China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound DiagnosticsTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710038China
| | - Mengying Wei
- The State Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound DiagnosticsTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710038China
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4
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Myo Min KK, Ffrench CB, Jessup CF, Shepherdson M, Barreto SG, Bonder CS. Overcoming the Fibrotic Fortress in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2354. [PMID: 37190281 PMCID: PMC10137060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An overabundance of desmoplasia in the tumour microenvironment (TME) is one of the defining features that influences pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development, progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Desmoplasia is characterised by the recruitment and activation of fibroblasts, heightened extracellular matrix deposition (ECM) and reduced blood supply, as well as increased inflammation through an influx of inflammatory cells and cytokines, creating an intrinsically immunosuppressive TME with low immunogenic potential. Herein, we review the development of PDAC, the drivers that initiate and/or sustain the progression of the disease and the complex and interwoven nature of the cellular and acellular components that come together to make PDAC one of the most aggressive and difficult to treat cancers. We review the challenges in delivering drugs into the fortress of PDAC tumours in concentrations that are therapeutic due to the presence of a highly fibrotic and immunosuppressive TME. Taken together, we present further support for continued/renewed efforts focusing on aspects of the extremely dense and complex TME of PDAC to improve the efficacy of therapy for better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay K. Myo Min
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (K.K.M.M.); (C.B.F.)
| | - Charlie B. Ffrench
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (K.K.M.M.); (C.B.F.)
| | - Claire F. Jessup
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mia Shepherdson
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Hepatopancreatobiliary & Liver Transplant Unit, Division of Surgery & Perioperative Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Savio George Barreto
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Hepatopancreatobiliary & Liver Transplant Unit, Division of Surgery & Perioperative Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Claudine S. Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (K.K.M.M.); (C.B.F.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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5
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Wang Q, Wang K, Tan X, Li Z, Wang H. Immunomodulatory role of metalloproteases in cancers: Current progress and future trends. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1064033. [PMID: 36591235 PMCID: PMC9800621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1064033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinases (MPs) is a large family of proteinases with metal ions in their active centers. According to the different domains metalloproteinases can be divided into a variety of subtypes mainly including Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAMs) and ADAMs with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS). They have various functions such as protein hydrolysis, cell adhesion and remodeling of extracellular matrix. Metalloproteinases expressed in multiple types of cancers and participate in many pathological processes involving tumor genesis and development, invasion and metastasis by regulating signal transduction and tumor microenvironment. In this review, based on the current research progress, we summarized the structure of MPs, their expression and especially immunomodulatory role and mechanisms in cancers. Additionally, a relevant and timely update of recent advances and future directions were provided for the diagnosis and immunotherapy targeting MPs in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Tan
- Department of Oncology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Zhenxiang Li, ; Haiyong Wang,
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Zhenxiang Li, ; Haiyong Wang,
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6
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Jiang Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu T, Xing J, Zhang H, Tang D. Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A New Weapon for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4677-4696. [PMID: 36211025 PMCID: PMC9541303 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s376216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, a major breakthrough in cancer treatment, has been successfully applied to treat a number of tumors. However, given the presence of factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that impede immunotherapy, only a small proportion of patients achieve a good clinical response. With the ability to increase permeability and cross biological barriers, nanomaterials have been successfully applied to deliver immunotherapeutic agents, thus realizing the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of therapeutic agents. This has driven a wave of research into systems for the delivery of immunotherapeutic agents, which has resulted in widespread interest in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems are able to overcome the challenges from TME and thus achieve good results in cancer immunotherapy. If it can make a breakthrough in improving biocompatibility and reducing cytotoxicity, it will be more widely used in clinical practice. Different types of nanomaterials may also have some subtle differences in enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, delivery systems made of nanomaterials loaded with drugs, such as cytotoxic drugs, cytokines, and adjuvants, could be used for cancer immunotherapy because they avoid the toxicity and side effects associated with these drugs, thereby enabling their reuse. Therefore, further insights into nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems will provide more effective treatment options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xing
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dong Tang, Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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7
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Interleukin-37 promotes colitis-associated carcinogenesis via SIGIRR-mediated cytotoxic T cells dysfunction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:19. [PMID: 35046386 PMCID: PMC8770466 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-37b (hereafter called IL-37) was identified as fundamental inhibitor of natural and acquired immunity. The molecular mechanism and function of IL-37 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been elusive. Here, we found that IL-37 transgenic (IL-37tg) mice were highly susceptible to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and suffered from dramatically increased tumor burdens in colon. Nevertheless, IL-37 is dispensable for intestinal mutagenesis, and CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Notably, IL-37 dampened protective cytotoxic T cell-mediated immunity in CAC and B16-OVA models. CD8+ T cell dysfunction is defined by reduced retention and activation as well as failure to proliferate and produce cytotoxic cytokines in IL-37tg mice, enabling tumor evasion of immune surveillance. The dysfunction led by IL-37 antagonizes IL-18-induced proliferation and effector function of CD8+ T cells, which was dependent on SIGIRR (single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor-related protein). Finally, we observed that IL-37 levels were significantly increased in CRC patients, and positively correlated with serum CRC biomarker CEA levels, but negatively correlated with the CD8+ T cell infiltration in CRC patients. Our findings highlight the role of IL-37 in harnessing antitumor immunity by inactivation of cytotoxic T cells and establish a new defined inhibitory factor IL-37/SIGIRR in cancer-immunity cycle as therapeutic targets in CRC.
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Zhao L, Liu P, Xie W, Zhang S, Thieme S, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Kepp O. A genotype-phenotype screening system using conditionally immortalized immature dendritic cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100732. [PMID: 34430908 PMCID: PMC8365513 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a protocol for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout in conditionally immortalized immature dendritic cells (DCs), which can be limitlessly expanded before differentiation. This facilitates the genetic screening of DC functions in vitro including assessment of phagocytosis, cytokine production, expression of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory molecules, and antigen presentation, as well as evaluation of the capacity to elicit anticancer immune responses in vivo. Altogether, these approaches described in this protocol allow investigators to link the genotype of DCs to their phenotype. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Le Naour et al. (2020). Conditionally immortalized immature dendritic cells (DCs) can be expanded without limits A CRISPR/Cas9 system allows for genetic screening of DC functions Different DC functions are assessed in vitro DC genotype-dependent anticancer immunity can be determined in mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhao
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Wei Xie
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Sebastian Thieme
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic ‘Carl Gustav Carus’ Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Center of clinical investigations BIOTHERIS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Corresponding author
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Decipher the Glioblastoma Microenvironment: The First Milestone for New Groundbreaking Therapeutic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030445. [PMID: 33804731 PMCID: PMC8003887 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. Despite the combination of novel therapeutical approaches, it remains a deadly malignancy with an abysmal prognosis. GBM is a polymorphic tumour from both molecular and histological points of view. It consists of different malignant cells and various stromal cells, contributing to tumour initiation, progression, and treatment response. GBM’s microenvironment is multifaceted and is made up of soluble factors, extracellular matrix components, tissue-resident cell types (e.g., neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts) together with resident (e.g., microglia) or recruited (e.g., bone marrow-derived macrophages) immune cells. These latter constitute the so-called immune microenvironment, accounting for a substantial GBM’s tumour volume. Despite the abundance of immune cells, an intense state of tumour immunosuppression is promoted and developed; this represents the significant challenge for cancer cells’ immune-mediated destruction. Though literature data suggest that distinct GBM’s subtypes harbour differences in their microenvironment, its role in treatment response remains obscure. However, an in-depth investigation of GBM’s microenvironment may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities to improve patients’ outcomes. This review will elucidate the GBM’s microenvironment composition, highlighting the current state of the art in immunotherapy approaches. We will focus on novel strategies of active and passive immunotherapies, including vaccination, gene therapy, checkpoint blockade, and adoptive T-cell therapies.
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Nguyen-Hoai T, Kobelt D, Hohn O, Vu MD, Schlag PM, Dörken B, Norley S, Lipp M, Walther W, Pezzutto A, Westermann J. HER2/neu DNA vaccination by intradermal gene delivery in a mouse tumor model: Gene gun is superior to jet injector in inducing CTL responses and protective immunity. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1537-1545. [PMID: 23264900 PMCID: PMC3525609 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines are potential tools for the induction of immune responses against both infectious disease and cancer. The dermal application of DNA vaccines is of particular interest since the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin are characterized by an abundance of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The aim of our study was to compare tumor protection as obtained by two different methods of intradermal DNA delivery (gene gun and jet injector) in a well-established HER2/neu mouse tumor model. BALB/c mice were immunized twice with a HER2/neu-coding plasmid by gene gun or jet injector. Mice were then subcutaneously challenged with HER2/neu+ syngeneic D2F2/E2 tumor cells. Protection against subsequent challenges with tumor cells as well as humoral and T-cell immune responses induced by the vaccine were monitored. Gene gun immunization was far superior to jet injector both in terms of tumor protection and induction of HER2/neu-specific immune responses. After gene gun immunization, 60% of the mice remained tumor-free until day 140 as compared with 25% after jet injector immunization. Furthermore, gene gun vaccination was able to induce both a strong TH1-polarized T-cell response with detectable cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity and a humoral immune response against HER2/neu, whereas the jet injector was not. Although the disadvantages that were associated with the use of the jet injector in our model may be overcome with methodological modifications and/or in larger animals, which exhibit a thicker skin and/or subcutaneous muscle tissue, we conclude that gene gun delivery constitutes the method of choice for intradermal DNA delivery in preclinical mouse models and possibly also for the clinical development of DNA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Nguyen-Hoai
- Deptartment of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology Charité; University Medicine Berlin; Campus Berlin-Buch, Campus Benjamin Franklin and Campus Virchow-Klinikum; Berlin, Germany ; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin, Germany
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11
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Seung SK, Curti B, Crittenden M, Urba W. Radiation and immunotherapy: Renewed allies in the war on cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1645-1647. [PMID: 23264923 PMCID: PMC3525632 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer immunotherapy holds great promises, as long-term responses to interleukin-2 have been observed in metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma patients. However, improving the relative low rates of such responses has constituted a great challenge. In our experience, high-dose radiation combined with interleukin-2 provided encouraging results that are worth exploring further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Seung
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute; Portland, OR USA ; The Oregon Clinic; Portland, OR, USA ; Providence Cancer Center; Portland, OR USA
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12
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Di Blasio S, van Wigcheren GF, Becker A, van Duffelen A, Gorris M, Verrijp K, Stefanini I, Bakker GJ, Bloemendal M, Halilovic A, Vasaturo A, Bakdash G, Hato SV, de Wilt JHW, Schalkwijk J, de Vries IJM, Textor JC, van den Bogaard EH, Tazzari M, Figdor CG. The tumour microenvironment shapes dendritic cell plasticity in a human organotypic melanoma culture. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2749. [PMID: 32488012 PMCID: PMC7265463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) forms a major obstacle in effective cancer treatment and for clinical success of immunotherapy. Conventional co-cultures have shed light onto multiple aspects of cancer immunobiology, but they are limited by the lack of physiological complexity. We develop a human organotypic skin melanoma culture (OMC) that allows real-time study of host-malignant cell interactions within a multicellular tissue architecture. By co-culturing decellularized dermis with keratinocytes, fibroblasts and immune cells in the presence of melanoma cells, we generate a reconstructed TME that closely resembles tumour growth as observed in human lesions and supports cell survival and function. We demonstrate that the OMC is suitable and outperforms conventional 2D co-cultures for the study of TME-imprinting mechanisms. Within the OMC, we observe the tumour-driven conversion of cDC2s into CD14+ DCs, characterized by an immunosuppressive phenotype. The OMC provides a valuable approach to study how a TME affects the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Di Blasio
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Tumour-Host Interaction Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - G F van Wigcheren
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Becker
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A van Duffelen
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Gorris
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K Verrijp
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Stefanini
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G J Bakker
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Bloemendal
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Halilovic
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Vasaturo
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Bakdash
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S V Hato
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J H W de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I J M de Vries
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J C Textor
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Tazzari
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Immunotherapy-Cell Therapy and Biobank Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
| | - C G Figdor
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Fleet JC, Burcham GN, Calvert RD, Elzey BD, Ratliff TL. 1α, 25 Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2D) inhibits the T cell suppressive function of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105557. [PMID: 31783150 PMCID: PMC8041088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) suppress the ability of cytotoxic T cells to attack and clear tumor cells from the body. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), regulates myeloid cell biology and previous research showed that in mouse models 1,25(OH)2D reduced the tumor level of CD34+ cells, an MDSC precursor, and reduced metastasis. We tested whether MDSC are vitamin D target cells by examining granulocytic- (G-MDSC) and monocytic (M-MDSC) MDSC from tumors, spleen, and bone marrow. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA levels are low in MDSC from bone marrow and spleen but are 20-fold higher in tumor MDSC. At all sites, M-MDSC have 4-fold higher VDR mRNA expression than G-MDSC. Bone marrow MDSC were induced to differentiate in vitro into tumor MDSC-like cells by treating with IFN-γ, IL-13, and GM-CSF for 48 h. This treatment significantly elevated Arg1 and Nos2 levels, activated the T cell-suppressive function of MDSC, increased VDR expression 50-fold, and made the MDSC responsive to 1,25(OH)2D treatment. Importantly, 1,25(OH)2D treatment reduced the T cell suppressive capacity of cytokine-induced total MDSC and M-MDSC by ≥70 % and tumor-derived M-MDSC by 30-50 %. Consistent with this finding, VDR deletion (KO) increased T cell suppressive function of in vitro M-MDSC by 30 % and of tumor-derived M-MDSC by 50 % and G-MDSC by 400 %. VDR KO did not alter Nos2 mRNA levels but significantly increased Arg1 mRNA levels in tumor M-MDSC by 100 %. In contrast, 1,25(OH)2D treatment reduced nitric oxide production in both in vitro derived M- and G- MDSC. The major finding of this study is that 1,25(OH)2D signaling through the VDR decreases the immunosuppressive capability of MDSC. Collectively, our data suggest that activation of vitamin D signaling could be used to suppress MDSC function and release a constraint on T-cell mediated clearance of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Fleet
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - G N Burcham
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - R D Calvert
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - B D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - T L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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14
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Gravbrot N, Gilbert-Gard K, Mehta P, Ghotmi Y, Banerjee M, Mazis C, Sundararajan S. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Immune Checkpoints for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E51. [PMID: 31640266 PMCID: PMC6963985 DOI: 10.3390/antib8040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, modulation of immune checkpoints has risen to prominence as a means to treat a number of solid malignancies, given the durable response seen in many patients and improved side effect profile compared to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Several classes of immune checkpoint modulators have been developed. Here, we review current monoclonal antibodies directed against immune checkpoints that are employed in practice today. We discuss the history, mechanism, indications, and clinical data for each class of therapies. Furthermore, we review the challenges to durable tumor responses that are seen in some patients and discuss possible interventions to circumvent these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Gravbrot
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Kacy Gilbert-Gard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Paras Mehta
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Yarah Ghotmi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Madhulika Banerjee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Christopher Mazis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Srinath Sundararajan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX 75251, USA.
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15
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Gadalla R, Hassan H, Ibrahim SA, Abdullah MS, Gaballah A, Greve B, El-Deeb S, El-Shinawi M, Mohamed MM. Tumor microenvironmental plasmacytoid dendritic cells contribute to breast cancer lymph node metastasis via CXCR4/SDF-1 axis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 174:679-691. [PMID: 30632021 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) infiltration into breast cancer tissues is associated with poor prognosis. Also, CXCR4 shows compelling evidences to be exploited by cancer cells to migrate to distant sites. The present study investigated lymph node metastasis in the light of PDCs infiltration and the potential cross talk with CXCR4/SDF-1 chemokine axis. METHODS We assessed circulating PDCs proportions drained from the axillary tributaries, and the in situ expression of both CD303 and CXCR4 in breast cancer patients with positive lymph nodes (pLN) and negative lymph nodes (nLN) using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We also analyzed the expression of SDF-1 in lymph nodes of pLN and nLN patients. We studied the effect of the secretome of PDCs of pLN and nLN patients on the expression of CXCR4 and activation of NF-κB in human breast cancer cell lines SKBR3 and MCF-7. TNF-α mRNA expression level in PDCs from both groups was determined by qPCR. RESULTS Our findings indicate increased infiltration of PDCs in breast cancer tissues of pLN patients than nLN patients, which correlates with CXCR4+ cells percentage. Interestingly, SDF-1 is highly immunostained in lymph nodes of pLN patients compared to nLN patients. Our in vitro experiments demonstrate an upregulation of NF-κB expression and CXCR4 cells upon stimulation with PDCs secretome of pLN patients than those of nLN patients. Also, PDCs isolated from pLN patients exhibited a higher TNF-α mRNA expression than nLN patients. Treatment of MCF-7 cell lines with TNF-α significantly upregulates CXCR4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a potential role for microenvironmental PDCs in breast cancer lymph node metastasis via CXCR4/SDF-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Gadalla
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Hebatallah Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed Gaballah
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Somaya El-Deeb
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Abstract
More than a decade has passed since the conceptualization of the "alarmin" hypothesis. The alarmin family has been expanding in terms of both number and the concept. It has recently become clear that alarmins play important roles as initiators and participants in a diverse range of physiological and pathophysiological processes such as host defense, regulation of gene expression, cellular homeostasis, wound healing, inflammation, allergy, autoimmunity, and oncogenesis. Here, we provide a general view on the participation of alarmins in the induction of innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as their contribution to tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Yang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zhen Han
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joost J Oppenheim
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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17
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Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the clinical success of conventional chemotherapy is not solely attributed to tumor cell toxicity, but also results from the restoration of immunosurveillance, which has been largely neglected in the past preclinical and clinical research. Antitumor immune response can be primed by immunogenic cell death (ICD), a type of cell death characterized by cell-surface translocation of calreticulin (CRT), extracellular release of ATP and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and stimulation of type I interferon (IFN) responses. Here we summarize recent studies showing conventional chemotherapeutics as ICD inducers, which are capable of modulating tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and reactivating antitumor immunity within an immuno-suppressive microenvironment. Such immunological effects of conventional chemotherapy are likely critical for better prognosis of cancer patients. Furthermore, combination of ICD-inducing chemotherapeutics with immunotherapy is a promising approach for improving the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
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18
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Lamarthée B, de Vassoigne F, Malard F, Stocker N, Boussen I, Médiavilla C, Tang R, Fava F, Garderet L, Marjanovic Z, Brissot E, Mohty M, Gaugler B. Quantitative and functional alterations of 6-sulfo LacNac dendritic cells in multiple myeloma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1444411. [PMID: 29900053 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1444411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) results from expansion of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Previous studies have shown that monocytes play a crucial role in MM pathophysiology. A 6-sulfo LacNAc-expressing population of dendritic cells (Slan-DCs) that overlaps with intermediate and non-classical monocytes in terms of phenotype has been described. Slan-DCs represent a circulating and tissue proinflammatory myeloid population which has been shown to play a role in different cancer contexts, and which exhibits a remarkable plasticity. Herein, we studied Slan-DCs from the BM and blood of MM patients. We performed quantitative and functional analyses of these cells from 54 patients with newly diagnosed, symptomatic MM, 21 patients with MGUS and 24 responding MM patients. We found that circulating Slan-DCs were significantly decreased in MM patients as compared to those of healthy donors or patients with MGUS, while CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes accumulate in the BM. Moreover, after activation with TLR7/8 ligand R848, IL-12-producing Slan-DCs from the BM or peripheral blood from MM patients were decreased as compared with healthy donors. We show that MM cell lines or MM cells isolated from patients at diagnosis were able to inhibit the production of IL-12 by Slan-DCs, as well as to shift the phenotype of Slan-DCs towards an intermediate monocyte-like phenotype. Finally, Slan-DCs that have been cultured with MM cells reduced their capacity to induce T cell proliferation and Th1 polarization. We conclude that Slan-DCs represent previously unrecognized players in MM development and may represent a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Lamarthée
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric de Vassoigne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Florent Malard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Stocker
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Inès Boussen
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Clémence Médiavilla
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Ruoping Tang
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Fava
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Garderet
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Zora Marjanovic
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Eolia Brissot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
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19
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Chemical Modulation of WNT Signaling in Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:245-269. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Lee JH, Tak WY, Lee Y, Heo MK, Song JS, Kim HY, Park SY, Bae SH, Lee JH, Heo J, Kim KH, Bae YS, Kim YJ. Adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous dendritic cells for hepatocellular carcinoma, randomized phase II study. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1328335. [PMID: 28811965 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1328335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous phase I/IIA study showed that autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with tumor-associated antigens are well tolerated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase II trial, we investigated the efficacy and safety of this DC-based adjuvant immunotherapy with 156 patients, who treated for HCC with no evidence of residual tumor after standard treatment modalities. Patients were randomly assigned to immunotherapy (n = 77; injection of 3 × 107 DC cells, six times over 14 weeks) or control (n = 79; no treatment). The primary end point was recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the secondary endpoints were immune response and safety. The RFS between the immunotherapy and control groups was not significantly different (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-1.56; p = 0.90). However, post-hoc subgroup analyses revealed that DC immunotherapy significantly reduced the risk of tumor recurrence of non-radiofrequency ablation (non-RFA) group patients (n = 83, HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26-0.94; p = 0.03), whereas unexpectedly increased the risk of recurrence in RFA group (n = 61, p = 0.01). Tumor-specific immune responses were significantly enhanced (both p < 0.01) in the immunotherapy group. Baseline serum interleukin (IL)-15 was statistically correlated with RFS prolongation (HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-1.58; p = 0.001) within the immunotherapy groups. Overall adverse events were more frequent in the immunotherapy group (p < 0.001) but were mainly mild to moderate in severity. In conclusion, adjuvant immunotherapy with DC vaccine reduces the risk of tumor recurrence in HCC patients who underwent standard treatment modalities other than RFA. Baseline IL-15 might be a candidate biomarker for DC-based HCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Young Tak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Heo
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Song
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hak-Yeop Kim
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Hyeok Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Kim
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,JW CreaGene Research Institute, JW CreaGene Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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The tumour microenvironment harbours ontogenically distinct dendritic cell populations with opposing effects on tumour immunity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13720. [PMID: 28008905 PMCID: PMC5196231 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various steady state and inflamed tissues have been shown to contain a heterogeneous DC population consisting of developmentally distinct subsets, including cDC1s, cDC2s and monocyte-derived DCs, displaying differential functional specializations. The identification of functionally distinct tumour-associated DC (TADC) subpopulations could prove essential for the understanding of basic TADC biology and for envisaging targeted immunotherapies. We demonstrate that multiple mouse tumours as well as human tumours harbour ontogenically discrete TADC subsets. Monocyte-derived TADCs are prominent in tumour antigen uptake, but lack strong T-cell stimulatory capacity due to NO-mediated immunosuppression. Pre-cDC-derived TADCs have lymph node migratory potential, whereby cDC1s efficiently activate CD8+ T cells and cDC2s induce Th17 cells. Mice vaccinated with cDC2s displayed a reduced tumour growth accompanied by a reprogramming of pro-tumoural TAMs and a reduction of MDSCs, while cDC1 vaccination strongly induces anti-tumour CTLs. Our data might prove important for therapeutic interventions targeted at specific TADC subsets or their precursors. Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells consisting of distinct subsets originating from different lineages. Here, the authors identify the subsets of dendritic cells populating the tumour tissue in both mice and humans and find they have opposing functions in regulating the anti-tumour immune response.
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22
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Usó M, Jantus-Lewintre E, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Blasco A, García Del Olmo E, Guijarro R, Martorell M, Camps C, Sirera R. Analysis of the prognostic role of an immune checkpoint score in resected non-small cell lung cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1260214. [PMID: 28197383 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1260214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors develop mechanisms to recruit tolerogenic immune cells and to induce the expression of molecules that act as immune checkpoints. This regulation of the immune microenvironment favors immune tolerance to the neoplastic cells. In this study, we have investigated the prognostic role of immune-checkpoint expression markers in a cohort of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. RNA was isolated from fresh-frozen lung specimens (tumor and normal lung) (n = 178). RTqPCR was performed to analyze the relative expression of 20 immune-related genes that were normalized by the use of endogenous genes selected by GeNorm algorithm. Patients with higher expression levels of IL23A and LGALS2 presented better outcomes. In the clustering expression patterns, we observed that patients with higher expression of immunoregulatory genes had better survival rates. Additionally, these data were used to develop a gene expression score. Since CTLA4 and PD1 were associated with prognosis based on Cox regression analysis (Z-score > 1.5), a multivariate model including these two genes was created. Absolute regression coefficients from this analysis were used in order to calculate the immune-checkpoint score: (PD1×0.116) + (CTLA4×0.059) for each case. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high immune-checkpoint score have longer overall survival (OS) [NR vs. 40.4 mo, p = 0.008] and longer relapse-free survival (RFS) [82.6 vs. 23 mo, p = 0.009]. Multivariate analysis in the entire cohort indicated that the immune-checkpoint score was an independent biomarker of prognosis for OS [HR: 0.308; 95% CI, 0.156-0.609; p = 0.001] and RFS [HR: 0.527; 95% CI, 0.298-0.933; p = 0.028] in early-stage NSCLC patients. In conclusion, this score provides relevant prognostic information for a better characterization of early stage NSCLS patients with strikingly different outcomes and who may be candidates for immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Usó
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloísa Jantus-Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pathology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Blasco
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva García Del Olmo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Guijarro
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Martorell
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Sirera
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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23
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Kritikou JS, Dahlberg CIM, Baptista MAP, Wagner AK, Banerjee PP, Gwalani LA, Poli C, Panda SK, Kärre K, Kaech SM, Wermeling F, Andersson J, Orange JS, Brauner H, Westerberg LS. IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment is necessary for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein deficient NK cells to respond to tumors in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30636. [PMID: 27477778 PMCID: PMC4967920 DOI: 10.1038/srep30636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To kill target cells, natural killer (NK) cells organize signaling from activating and inhibitory receptors to form a lytic synapse. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients have loss-of-function mutations in the actin regulator WASp and suffer from immunodeficiency with increased risk to develop lymphoreticular malignancies. NK cells from WAS patients fail to form lytic synapses, however, the functional outcome in vivo remains unknown. Here, we show that WASp KO NK cells had decreased capacity to degranulate and produce IFNγ upon NKp46 stimulation and this was associated with reduced capacity to kill MHC class I-deficient hematopoietic grafts. Pre-treatment of WASp KO NK cells with IL-2 ex vivo restored degranulation, IFNγ production, and killing of MHC class I negative hematopoietic grafts. Moreover, WASp KO mice controlled growth of A20 lymphoma cells that naturally produced IL-2. WASp KO NK cells showed increased expression of DNAM-1, LAG-3, and KLRG1, all receptors associated with cellular exhaustion and NK cell memory. NK cells isolated from WAS patient spleen cells showed increased expression of DNAM-1 and had low to negative expression of CD56, a phenotype associated with NK cells exhaustion. Finally, in a cohort of neuroblastoma patients we identified a strong correlation between WASp, IL-2, and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S. Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Carin I. M. Dahlberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marisa A. P. Baptista
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Arnika K. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Pinaki P. Banerjee
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lavesh Amar Gwalani
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cecilia Poli
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sudeepta K. Panda
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Klas Kärre
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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24
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Bell RB, Leidner R, Feng Z, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ, Fox BA. Developing an Immunotherapy Strategy for the Effective Treatment of Oral, Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 73:S107-15. [PMID: 26608138 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Bryan Bell
- Medical Director, Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program and Clinic, Providence Cancer Center; Investigator, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center in the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center; Consultant, The Head and Neck Institute, Portland, OR.
| | - Rom Leidner
- Co-Director, Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program, Providence Cancer Center; Investigator, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center in the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | - Zipei Feng
- Predoctoral student, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center in the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center; MD/PhD Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Director of Translational Radiation Research, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center in the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center; Radiation Oncologist, Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program and Clinic, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | - Michael J Gough
- Member and Investigator, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center in the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Chief, Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center in the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR
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25
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Bernstein MB, Krishnan S, Hodge JW, Chang JY. Immunotherapy and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (ISABR): a curative approach? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 13:516-24. [PMID: 26951040 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conventional radiotherapy, in addition to its well-established tumoricidal effects, can also activate the host immune system. Radiation therapy modulates tumour phenotypes, enhances antigen presentation and tumour immunogenicity, increases production of cytokines and alters the tumour microenvironment, enabling destruction of the tumour by the immune system. Investigating the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapeutic agents, which also promote the host antitumour immune response is, therefore, a logical progression. As the spectrum of clinical use of stereotactic radiotherapy continues to broaden, the question arose as to whether the ablative radiation doses used can also stimulate immune responses and, if so, whether we can amplify these effects by combining immunotherapy and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). In this Perspectives article, we explore the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting activation of the immune system following SABR. We then examine studies that provide data on the effectiveness of combining these two techniques - immunotherapy and SABR - in an approach that we have termed 'ISABR'. Lastly, we provide general guiding principles for the development of future clinical trials to investigate the efficacy of ISABR in the hope of generating further interest in these exciting developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Bernstein
- Division of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 97, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 97, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 8B13, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1750, USA
| | - Joe Y Chang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 97, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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26
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The role of immune system exhaustion on cancer cell escape and anti-tumor immune induction after irradiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1865:168-75. [PMID: 26868867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune surveillance seems to represent an effective tumor suppressor mechanism. However, some cancer cells survive and become variants, being poorly immunogenic and able to enter a steady-state phase. These cells become functionally dormant or remain hidden clinically throughout. Neoplastic cells seem to be able to instruct immune cells to undergo changes promoting malignancy. Radiotherapy may act as a trigger of the immune response. After radiotherapy a sequence of reactions occurs, starting in the damage of oncogenic cells by multiple mechanisms, leading to the immune system positive feedback against the tumor. The link between radiotherapy and the immune system is evident. T cells, macrophages, Natural Killer cells and other immune cells seem to have a key role in controlling the tumor. T cells may be dysfunctional and remain in a state of T cell exhaustion, nonetheless, they often retain a high potential for successful defense against cancer, being able to be mobilized to become highly functional. The lack of clinical trials on a large scale makes data a little robust, in spite of promising information, there are still many variables in the studies relating to radiation and immune system. The clarification of the mechanisms underlying immune response to radiation exposure may contribute to treatment improvement, gain of life quality and span of patients.
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27
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Galluzzi L, Buqué A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immunological Effects of Conventional Chemotherapy and Targeted Anticancer Agents. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:690-714. [PMID: 26678337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1112] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous clinical success of checkpoint blockers illustrates the potential of reestablishing latent immunosurveillance for cancer therapy. Although largely neglected in the clinical practice, accumulating evidence indicates that the efficacy of conventional and targeted anticancer agents does not only involve direct cytostatic/cytotoxic effects, but also relies on the (re)activation of tumor-targeting immune responses. Chemotherapy can promote such responses by increasing the immunogenicity of malignant cells, or by inhibiting immunosuppressive circuitries that are established by developing neoplasms. These immunological "side" effects of chemotherapy are desirable, and their in-depth comprehension will facilitate the design of novel combinatorial regimens with improved clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, 94805 Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Li X, Liu X, Zhao Y, Zhong R, Song A, Sun L. Effect of thymosin α₁ on the phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6093-7. [PMID: 26239360 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of thymosin α1 (Tα1) on the phenotypic and functional maturation of HL‑60 cells, freeze‑thaw antigen‑loaded dendritic cells (DCs) were derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The DCs were generated from the PBMC samples that were collected from the PB of 10 consecutive ALL children. On day 3 of culturing, the cells in the antigen + no Tα1 (AN) and antigen + Tα1 (AT) groups were incubated with 100 µl lysates obtained from freeze‑thaw cycling. After 5 days of incubation, the AT group was administered with 100 ng/ml Tα1. On day 8, the DCs were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate‑conjugated cluster of differentiation (CD)1a, CD83 and HLA‑DR antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, the killing activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from the different groups on wild‑type leukemia cells was measured. The DCs in the AT group exhibited more apparent, characteristic dendritic morphologies than the control and AN group DCs. Furthermore, the lowest expression level of CD1a, and the highest expression of CD83 and HLA‑DR were observed in the AT group when compared with the AN and control groups (P<0.05). The lactate dehydrogenase release assay demonstrated that the killing rate of CTL in the AT group was significantly higher than that in the control and AN groups (P<0.01). Thus, Tα1 may markedly promote the phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs, and may serve as a suitable immunomodulator of DC‑based immunotherapy for treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Li
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ren Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Aiqin Song
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Sun
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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29
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Döbel T, Schäkel K. [The role of human 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells (slanDCs) in autoimmunity and tumor diseases]. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2015; 12:874-80. [PMID: 25262889 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12439_suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells play a central role in the regulation of immunological reactivity. The existence of functionally specialized populations of skin dendritic cells is a consequence of qualitatively different attacks on our organism. slanDCs are human inflammatory dendritic cells that are characterized by the specific expression of the carbohydrate 6-sulfo LacNAc (slan). After phenotypic maturation slanDCs are capable of producing very high amounts of proinflammatory mediators like IL-12, TNF-α, IL-1β â and IL-23. Recent data describe a potential role of slanDCs in a number of different diseases like psoriasis, lupus erythematosus but also tumor diseases and therefore open up new areas of research on their respective pathogenesis. Furthermore, as a basis of a directed therapeutic manipulation,a slanDC-specific targeting system has been developed. Future challenges of slanDC research include the elaboration of a deeper understanding of the significance of slanDCs for the regulation of adaptive and innate immune responses as well as a translation of this knowledge into therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Döbel
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg
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30
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Binder RJ. Functions of heat shock proteins in pathways of the innate and adaptive immune system. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 193:5765-71. [PMID: 25480955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For more than 50 years, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been studied for their role in protecting cells from elevated temperature and other forms of stress. More recently, several roles have been ascribed to HSPs in the immune system. These include intracellular roles in Ag presentation and expression of innate receptors, as well as extracellular roles in tumor immunosurveillance and autoimmunity. Exogenously administered HSPs can elicit a variety of immune responses that have been used in immunotherapy of cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Julian Binder
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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31
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Toma M, Wehner R, Kloß A, Hübner L, Fodelianaki G, Erdmann K, Füssel S, Zastrow S, Meinhardt M, Seliger B, Brech D, Noessner E, Tonn T, Schäkel K, Bornhäuser M, Bachmann MP, Wirth MP, Baretton G, Schmitz M. Accumulation of tolerogenic human 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells in renal cell carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008342. [PMID: 26155414 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) essentially contribute to the induction and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Based on these important properties, DCs may profoundly influence tumor progression in patients. However, little is known about the role of distinct human DC subsets in primary tumors and their impact on clinical outcome. In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of human 6-sulfo LacNAc (slan) DCs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). slanDCs have been shown to display various tumor-directed properties and to accumulate in tumor-draining lymph nodes from patients. When evaluating 263 ccRCC and 227 tumor-free tissue samples, we found increased frequencies of slanDCs in ccRCC tissues compared to tumor-free tissues. slanDCs were also detectable in the majority of 24 metastatic lymph nodes and 67 distant metastases from ccRCC patients. Remarkably, a higher density of slanDCs was significantly associated with a reduced progression-free, tumor-specific or overall survival of ccRCC patients. Tumor-infiltrating slanDCs displayed an immature phenotype expressing interleukin-10. ccRCC cells efficiently impaired slanDC-induced T-cell proliferation and programming as well as natural killer (NK) cell activation. In conclusion, these findings indicate that higher slanDC numbers in ccRCC tissues are associated with poor prognosis. The induction of a tolerogenic phenotype in slanDCs leading to an insufficient activation of innate and adaptive antitumor immunity may represent a novel immune escape mechanism of ccRCC. These observations may have implications for the design of therapeutic strategies that harness tumor-directed functional properties of DCs against ccRCC.
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Key Words
- CTLs, cytotoxic T cells
- DCs, dendritic cells
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- IFNγ, interferonγ
- IL, interleukin
- ILT, immunoglobulin-like transcript
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NK cells, natural killer cells
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PMA, phorbol myristate acetate
- T cells
- TMAs, tissue microarrays
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- Th1 cells, T helper type I cells
- ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma
- dendritic cells
- renal cell carcinoma
- slan, 6-sulfo LacNAc
- tumor immunology
- tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieta Toma
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital of Dresden ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- Institute of Immunology; Medical Faculty; TU Dresden ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Kloß
- Institute of Immunology; Medical Faculty; TU Dresden ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Hübner
- Institute of Immunology; Medical Faculty; TU Dresden ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgia Fodelianaki
- Institute of Immunology; Medical Faculty; TU Dresden ; Dresden, Germany ; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology; University Hospital of Dresden ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Füssel
- Department of Urology; University Hospital of Dresden ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Zastrow
- Department of Urology; University Hospital of Dresden ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital of Dresden ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Medical Immunology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg ; Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dorothee Brech
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich ; Munich, Germany
| | - Elfriede Noessner
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich ; Munich, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden ; Dresden, Germany ; German Red Cross Blood Service ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Heidelberg ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Medicine I; University Hospital of Dresden ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael P Bachmann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Radioimmunology; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf ; Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology; University Hospital of Dresden ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Baretton
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital of Dresden ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology; Medical Faculty; TU Dresden ; Dresden, Germany ; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) ; Dresden, Germany ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Cancer-driven dynamics of immune cells in a microfluidic environment. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6639. [PMID: 25322144 PMCID: PMC5377582 DOI: 10.1038/srep06639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope of the present work is to infer the migratory ability of leukocytes by stochastic processes in order to distinguish the spontaneous organization of immune cells against an insult (namely cancer). For this purpose, spleen cells from immunodeficient mice, selectively lacking the transcription factor IRF-8 (IRF-8 knockout; IRF-8 KO), or from immunocompetent animals (wild-type; WT), were allowed to interact, alternatively, with murine B16.F10 melanoma cells in an ad hoc microfluidic environment developed on a LabOnChip technology. In this setting, only WT spleen cells were able to establish physical interactions with melanoma cells. Conversely, IRF-8 KO immune cells exhibited poor dynamical reactivity towards the neoplastic cells. In the present study, we collected data on the motility of these two types of spleen cells and built a complete set of observables that recapitulate the biological complexity of the system in these experiments. With remarkable accuracy, we concluded that the IRF-8 KO cells performed pure uncorrelated random walks, while WT splenocytes were able to make singular drifted random walks that collapsed on a straight ballistic motion for the system as a whole, hence giving rise to a highly coordinate response. These results may provide a useful system to quantitatively analyse the real time cell-cell interactions and to foresee the behavior of immune cells with tumor cells at the tissue level.
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Döbel T, Schäkel K. The role of human 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells (slanDCs) in autoimmunity and tumor diseases. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Döbel
- Department of Dermatology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
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Luo C, Shen G, Liu N, Gong F, Wei X, Yao S, Liu D, Teng X, Ye N, Zhang N, Zhou X, Li J, Yang L, Zhao X, Yang L, Xiang R, Wei YQ. Ammonia Drives Dendritic Cells into Dysfunction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1080-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed the incidence of cancer augments with aging, which could be attributed to a multitude of age-associated changes including the dysregulation of the immune system. Although many reports demonstrate the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies in numerous preclinical studies, most experiments have been performed in young animals. Studies from our group and others show that cancer immunotherapy could be ineffective in old mice, even though the same therapeutic treatment works efficiently in young mice. Given that cancer occurs mostly in the elderly, we should take age-associated immune dysregulation into consideration to achieve the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic interventions in the old. Understanding both age-related and tumor-related immune alterations might be equally important in improving the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This article reviews a number of age-associated immune alterations with specific attention given to the impact on antitumor responses, and also discusses possible strategies for optimization of immunotherapeutic interventions in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tomihara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Wachsmann MB, Pop LM, Vitetta ES. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a review of immunologic aspects. J Investig Med 2014. [PMID: 22406516 DOI: 10.231/jim.0b013e31824a4d79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the continued failures of both early diagnosis and treatment options for pancreatic cancer, it is now time to comprehensively evaluate the role of the immune system on the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. It is important to develop strategies that harness the molecules and cells of the immune system to treat this disease. This review will focus primarily on the role of immune cells in the development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and to evaluate what is known about the interaction of immune cells with the tumor microenvironment and their role in tumor growth and metastasis. We will conclude with a brief discussion of therapy for pancreatic cancer and the potential role for immunotherapy. We hypothesize that the role of the immune system in tumor development and progression is tissue specific. Our hope is that better understanding of this process will lead to better treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Wachsmann
- Masters Program in Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Catucci M, Zanoni I, Draghici E, Bosticardo M, Castiello MC, Venturini M, Cesana D, Montini E, Ponzoni M, Granucci F, Villa A. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein deficiency in natural killer and dendritic cells affects antitumor immunity. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1039-45. [PMID: 24338698 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by reduced or absent expression of the WAS protein (WASP). WAS patients are affected by microthrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, eczema, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Although immune deficiency has been proposed to play a role in tumor pathogenesis, there is little evidence on the correlation between immune cell defects and tumor susceptibility. Taking advantage of a tumor-prone model, we show that the lack of WASP induces early tumor onset because of defective immune surveillance. Consistently, the B16 melanoma model shows that tumor growth and the number of lung metastases are increased in the absence of WASP. We then investigated the in vivo contribution of Was(-/-) NK cells and DCs in controlling B16 melanoma development. We found fewer B16 metastases developed in the lungs of Was(-/-) mice that had received WT NK cells as compared with mice bearing Was(-/-) NK cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Was(-/-) DCs were less efficient in inducing NK-cell activation in vitro and in vivo. In summary, for the first time, we demonstrate in in vivo models that WASP deficiency affects resistance to tumor and causes impairment in the antitumor capacity of NK cells and DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Catucci
- TIGET, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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38
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Baker K, Rath T, Flak MB, Arthur JC, Chen Z, Glickman JN, Zlobec I, Karamitopoulou E, Stachler MD, Odze RD, Lencer WI, Jobin C, Blumberg RS. Neonatal Fc receptor expression in dendritic cells mediates protective immunity against colorectal cancer. Immunity 2013; 39:1095-107. [PMID: 24290911 PMCID: PMC3902970 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancers arising in mucosal tissues account for a disproportionately large fraction of malignancies. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the neonatal Fc receptor for IgG (FcRn) have an important function in the mucosal immune system that we have now shown extends to the induction of CD8(+) T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. We demonstrate that FcRn within dendritic cells (DCs) was critical for homeostatic activation of mucosal CD8(+) T cells that drove protection against the development of colorectal cancers and lung metastases. FcRn-mediated tumor protection was driven by DCs activation of endogenous tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells via the cross-presentation of IgG complexed antigens (IgG IC), as well as the induction of cytotoxicity-promoting cytokine secretion, particularly interleukin-12, both of which were independently triggered by the FcRn-IgG IC interaction in murine and human DCs. FcRn thus has a primary role within mucosal tissues in activating local immune responses that are critical for priming efficient anti-tumor immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Baker
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timo Rath
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Magdalena B Flak
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Janelle C Arthur
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Immunology-Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhangguo Chen
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Inti Zlobec
- University of Bern, Institute of Pathology, Translational Research Unit, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Karamitopoulou
- University of Bern, Institute of Pathology, Translational Research Unit, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Stachler
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert D Odze
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wayne I Lencer
- Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Boston and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Kalinski P, Muthuswamy R, Urban J. Dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy: vaccines and combination immunotherapies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:285-95. [PMID: 23496668 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized immunostimulatory cells involved in the induction and regulation of immune responses. The feasibility of large-scale ex vivo generation of DCs from patients' monocytes allows for therapeutic application of ex vivo-cultured DCs to bypass the dysfunction of endogenous DCs, restore immune surveillance, induce cancer regression or stabilization or delay or prevent its recurrence. While the most common paradigm of the therapeutic application of DCs reflects their use as cancer 'vaccines', additional and potentially more effective possibilities include the use of patients' autologous DCs as parts of more comprehensive therapies involving in vivo or ex vivo induction of tumor-reactive T cells and the measures to counteract systemic and local immunosuppression in tumor-bearing hosts. Ex vivo-cultured DCs can be instructed to acquire distinct functions relevant for the induction of effective cancer immunity (DC polarization), such as the induction of different effector functions or different homing properties of tumor-specific T cells (delivery of 'signal 3' and 'signal 4'). These considerations highlight the importance of the application of optimized conditions for the ex vivo culture of DCs and the potential combination of DC therapies with additional immune interventions to facilitate the entry of DC-induced T cells to tumor tissues and their local antitumor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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40
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Cirone M, Garufi A, Di Renzo L, Granato M, Faggioni A, D'Orazi G. Zinc supplementation is required for the cytotoxic and immunogenic effects of chemotherapy in chemoresistant p53-functionally deficient cells. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26198. [PMID: 24228232 PMCID: PMC3820813 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal tumor eradication often results from the death of malignant cells, as induced by chemotherapeutic agents, coupled to the induction of antitumor immune responses. However, cancer cells frequently become resistant to the cytotoxic activity of chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether zinc dichloride (ZnCl2), which was known to re-establish the chemosensitivity of cancer cells by reactivating p53, promotes immunogenic instances of cell death. We found that ZnCl2, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin and adriamycin (ADR), favors the apoptotic demise of chemoresistant cells, while cisplatin and ADR alone fail to do so. The co-culture of immature dendritic cells (DCs) with cancer cells succumbing to the co-administration of chemotherapy and ZnCl2 led to DC activation, as indicated by the upregulation of the activation markers CD83 and CD86. In part, such process depended on cell death, as it was limited (but not abrogated) by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk. Moreover, DC activation relied on the ZnCl2-induced exposure of calreticulin (CRT) on the surface of cancer cells, correlating with the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), a marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of CRT as well as the inhibition of CRT exposure with brefeldin A strongly impaired DC maturation, indicating CRT translocation as induced by that ZnCl2 is a key event in this setting. Altogether, these results suggest that ZnCl2, has the potential to enhance the therapeutic effects of antineoplastic agents not only by improving their cytotoxic activity but also by promoting CRT exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; Sapienza University; Rome, Italy
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Policastro LL, Ibañez IL, Notcovich C, Duran HA, Podhajcer OL. The tumor microenvironment: characterization, redox considerations, and novel approaches for reactive oxygen species-targeted gene therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:854-95. [PMID: 22794113 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex system that involves the interaction between malignant and neighbor stromal cells embedded in a mesh of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Stromal cells (fibroblasts, endothelial, and inflammatory cells) are co-opted at different stages to help malignant cells invade the surrounding ECM and disseminate. Malignant cells have developed adaptive mechanisms to survive under the extreme conditions of the tumor microenvironment such as restricted oxygen supply (hypoxia), nutrient deprivation, and a prooxidant state among others. These conditions could be eventually used to target drugs that will be activated specifically in this microenvironment. Preclinical studies have shown that modulating cellular/tissue redox state by different gene therapy (GT) approaches was able to control tumor growth. In this review, we describe the most relevant features of the tumor microenvironment, addressing reactive oxygen species-generating sources that promote a prooxidative microenvironment inside the tumor mass. We describe different GT approaches that promote either a decreased or exacerbated prooxidative microenvironment, and those that make use of the differential levels of ROS between cancer and normal cells to achieve tumor growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Laura Policastro
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
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42
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Carreno BM, Becker-Hapak M, Huang A, Chan M, Alyasiry A, Lie WR, Aft RL, Cornelius LA, Trinkaus KM, Linette GP. IL-12p70-producing patient DC vaccine elicits Tc1-polarized immunity. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3383-94. [PMID: 23867552 DOI: 10.1172/jci68395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic administration of IL-12p70 has demonstrated clinical activity in cancer patients, but dose-limiting toxicities have hindered its incorporation in vaccine formulations. Here, we report on the immunological and clinical outcomes upon vaccination with CD40L/IFN-γ-matured, IL-12p70-producing DCs. METHODS 7 HLA-A*0201+ newly diagnosed stage IV melanoma patients were immunized against the gp100 melanoma antigen using autologous peptide-pulsed, CD40L/IFN-γ-matured DCs. PBMCs were taken weekly for immune monitoring by tetramer analysis and functional assays. CT imaging was performed at baseline, week 9, and week 18 for clinical assessment using RECIST. RESULTS 6 of 7 treated patients developed sustained T cell immunity to all 3 melanoma gp100 antigen-derived peptides. 3 of the 6 immunological responders developed confirmed clinical responses (1 complete remission >4 years, 2 partial response). Importantly, DC vaccine-derived IL-12p70 levels positively correlated with time to progression (P = 0.019, log-rank), as did T-cytotoxic 1 (Tc1) immunity, as assessed by IFN-γ/IL-13 and IFN-γ/IL-5 ratios (P = 0.035 and P = 0.030, respectively, log-rank). In contrast, a pathway-specific defect in IL-12p35 transcription was identified upon CD40L/IFN-γ activation in clinical nonresponder patient DCs, and gp100-specific T cells from these patients displayed a Tc2 phenotype. Incorporation of TLR3 and TLR8 agonists into the CD40L/IFN-γ activation protocol corrected the IL-12p70 production defect in DCs derived from clinical nonresponder patients. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the essential role of IL-12p70 in the development of therapeutic type 1 antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immunity in humans with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz M Carreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Hannesdóttir L, Tymoszuk P, Parajuli N, Wasmer MH, Philipp S, Daschil N, Datta S, Koller JB, Tripp CH, Stoitzner P, Müller-Holzner E, Wiegers GJ, Sexl V, Villunger A, Doppler W. Lapatinib and doxorubicin enhance the Stat1-dependent antitumor immune response. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2718-29. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lára Hannesdóttir
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Nirmala Parajuli
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Marie-Helene Wasmer
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Sonja Philipp
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Nina Daschil
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Sebak Datta
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Johann-Benedikt Koller
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Christoph H. Tripp
- Department of Dermatology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
- Oncotyrol - Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Gerrit Jan Wiegers
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Veterinary University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Wolfgang Doppler
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
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T-helper I immunity, specific for the breast cancer antigen insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), is associated with increased adiposity. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:657-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Kang SJ, Kim JM, Koh SJ, Kim SH, Im JP, Jung HC, Kim JS. The guggulsterone derivative GG-52 inhibits NF-κB signaling in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and attenuates colitis in IL-10 knockout mice. Life Sci 2013; 92:1064-71. [PMID: 23603141 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We previously demonstrated that the novel guggulsterone derivative guggulsterone-52 (GG-52) inhibited the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and had preventive and therapeutic effects on dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of GG-52 on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and chronic colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice. MAIN METHODS BMDCs were generated from the femurs of C57BL/6 wild-type and IL-10(-/-) mice. BMDCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of GG-52. The effect of GG-52 on NF-κB signaling in BMDCs was examined by real-time RT-PCR for IL-12p40 and TNF-α gene expression, western blotting for IκBα degradation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. For in vivo studies, wild-type or IL-10(-/-) mice were treated with or without GG-52. Colitis was quantified by the evaluation of histopathological findings. Double immunofluorescence staining for CD11c and phosphorylated IκB kinase (IKK)-α was performed to detect IKK activation in DCs in colonic tissue. KEY FINDINGS GG-52 significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-12p40 and TNF-α gene expression, IκBα degradation, and NF-κB DNA binding activity in BMDCs. In the IL-10(-/-) mouse model chronic colitis, administration of GG-52 significantly reduced the severity of colitis as assessed by histopathology, and suppressed IKK activation in DCs in colonic tissue. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that the novel guggulsterone derivative GG-52 blocks NF-κB activation in BMDCs and ameliorates chronic colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice, which suggest that GG-52 is a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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46
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Sisirak V, Vey N, Goutagny N, Renaudineau S, Malfroy M, Thys S, Treilleux I, Labidi-Galy SI, Bachelot T, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Ménétrier-Caux C, Blay JY, Caux C, Bendriss-Vermare N. Breast cancer-derived transforming growth factor-β and tumor necrosis factor-α compromise interferon-α production by tumor-associated plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:771-8. [PMID: 23389942 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) infiltrating breast tumors are impaired for their interferon-α (IFN-α) production, resulting in local regulatory T cells amplification. We designed our study to decipher molecular mechanisms of such functional defect of tumor-associated pDC (TApDC) in breast cancer. We demonstrate that besides IFN-α, the production by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated healthy pDC of IFN-β and TNF-α but not IP-10/CXCL10 nor MIP1-α/CCL3 is impaired by the breast tumor environment. Importantly, we identified TGF-β and TNF-α as major soluble factors involved in TApDC functional alteration. Indeed, recombinant TGF-β1 and TNF-α synergistically blocked IFN-α production of TLR-activated pDC, and neutralization of TGF-β and TNF-α in tumor-derived supernatants restored pDCs' IFN-α production. The involvment of tumor-derived TGF-β was further confirmed in situ by the detection of phosphorylated Smad2 in the nuclei of TApDC in breast tumor tissues. Mechanisms of type I IFN inhibition did not involve TLR downregulation but the inhibition of IRF-7 expression and nuclear translocation in pDC after their exposure to tumor-derived supernatants or recombinant TGF-β1 and TNF-α. Our findings indicate that targeting TApDC to restore their IFN-α production might be an achievable strategy to induce antitumor immunity in breast cancer by combining TLR7/9-based immunotherapy with TGF-β and TNF-α antagonists.
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Schouppe E, De Baetselier P, Van Ginderachter JA, Sarukhan A. Instruction of myeloid cells by the tumor microenvironment: Open questions on the dynamics and plasticity of different tumor-associated myeloid cell populations. Oncoimmunology 2012; 1:1135-1145. [PMID: 23170260 PMCID: PMC3494626 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The versatility and plasticity of myeloid cell polarization/differentiation has turned out to be crucial in health and disease, and has become the subject of intense investigation during the last years. On one hand, myeloid cells provide a critical contribution to tissue homeostasis and repair. On the other hand, myeloid cells not only play an important role as first line defense against pathogens but also they are involved in a broad array of inflammation-related diseases such as cancer. Recent studies show that macrophages can exist in different activation states within the same tumor, underlining their plasticity and heterogeneity. In this review, we will discuss recent evidence on how the tumor microenvironment, as it evolves, shapes the recruitment, function, polarization and differentiation of the myeloid cell compartment, leading to the selection of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive and angiogenic functions that facilitate tumor progression and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Schouppe
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab; VIB; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab; VIB; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A. Van Ginderachter
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab; VIB; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adelaida Sarukhan
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab; VIB; Brussels, Belgium
- INSERM; Paris, France
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Fernandes CA, Nóbrega YK, Tosta CE. Pranic Meditation Affects Phagocyte Functions and Hormonal Levels of Recent Practitioners. J Altern Complement Med 2012; 18:761-8. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- César A. Fernandes
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Yanna K.M. Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Armed Forces Hospital, Brasília, Brazil
| | - C. Eduardo Tosta
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Anticancer polysaccharides from natural resources: a review of recent research. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:1395-410. [PMID: 22944395 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Taking into account the rising trend of the incidence of cancers of various organs, effective therapies are urgently needed to control human malignancies. However, almost all of the chemotherapy drugs currently on the market cause serious side effects. Fortunately, several previous studies have shown that some non-toxic biological macromolecules, including polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes, possess anti-cancer activities or can increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy drugs. Based on these encouraging observations, a great deal of effort has been focused on discovering anti-cancer polysaccharides and complexes for the development of effective therapeutics for various human cancers. This review focuses on the advancements in the anti-cancer efficacy of various natural polysaccharides and polysaccharide complexes in the past 5 years. Most polysaccharides were tested using model systems, while several involved clinical trials.
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Hematopoietic-specific targeting of influenza A virus reveals replication requirements for induction of antiviral immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12117-22. [PMID: 22778433 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206039109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A coordinated innate and adaptive immune response, orchestrated by antigen presenting cells (APCs), is required for effective clearance of influenza A virus (IAV). Although IAV primarily infects epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, APCs are also susceptible. To determine if virus transcription in these cells is required to generate protective innate and adaptive immune responses, we engineered IAV to be selectively attenuated in cells of hematopoietic origin. Incorporation of hematopoietic-specific miR-142 target sites into the nucleoprotein of IAV effectively silenced virus transcription in APCs, but had no significant impact in lung epithelial cells. Here we demonstrate that inhibiting IAV replication in APCs in vivo did not alter clearance, or the generation of IAV-specific CD8 T cells, suggesting that cross-presentation is sufficient for cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation. In contrast, loss of in vivo virus infection, selectively in APCs, resulted in a significant reduction of retinoic acid-inducible gene I-dependent type I IFN (IFN-I). These data implicate the formation of virus replication intermediates in APCs as the predominant trigger of IFN-I in vivo. Taking these data together, this research describes a unique platform to study the host response to IAV and provides insights into the mechanism of antigen presentation and the induction of IFN-I.
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