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Yuan X, Ouedraogo SY, Trawally M, Tan Y, Bajinka O. Cancer energy reprogramming and the immune responses. Cytokine 2024; 177:156561. [PMID: 38430694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer as an uncontrolled growth of cells due to existing mutation in host cells that may proliferate, induce angiogenesis and sometimes metastasize due to the favorable tumor microenvironment (TME). Since it kills more than any disease, biomedical science does not relent in studying the exact pathogenesis. It was believed to be a problem that lies in the nucleus of the host cells; however, recent oncology findings are shifting attention to the mitochondria as an adjuvant to cancer pathogenesis. The changes in the gene are strongly related to cellular metabolism and metabolic reprogramming. It is now understood that reprogramming the TME will have a direct effect on the immune cells' metabolism. Although there are a number of studies on immune cells' response towards tumor energy reprogramming and cancer progression, there is still no existence with the updated collation of these immune cells' response to distinct energy reprogramming in cancer studies. To this end, this mini review shed some light on cancer energy reprogramming mechanisms and enzyme degradation pathways, the cancer pathogenicity activity series involved with reduced lactate production, the specific immune cell responses due to the energy reprogramming. This study highlighted some prospects and future experiments in harnessing the host immune response towards the altered energy metabolism due to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150006, China; First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Serge Yannick Ouedraogo
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Muhammed Trawally
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China; Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China; School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, The Gambia.
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2
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Shen LF, Fu ZM, Zhou SH. The role of radiotherapy in tumor immunity and the potential of PET/CT in detecting the expression of PD-1/PD-L1. Jpn J Radiol 2024; 42:347-353. [PMID: 37953364 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 allows cancer cells to escape from host immune systems by functionally inactivating T-cell immune surveillance. Clinical blockade strategies have resulted in an increased prevalence of patients with late-stage cancers. However, many cancer patients had limited or no response to current immunotherapeutic strategies. Therefore, how to improve the sensitivity of immunotherapy has become the focus of attention of many scholars. Radiotherapy plays a role in the recruitment of T cells in the tumor microenvironment, increases CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, and increases PD-L1 expression, resulting in the synergistically enhanced antitumor effect of irradiation and PD-L1 blockade. Radiotherapy can cause changes in tumor metabolism, especially glucose metabolism. Tumor glycolysis and tumor immune evasion are interdependent, glycolytic activity enhances PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and thus promotes anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy response. Therefore, the mechanism of radiotherapy affecting tumor immunity may be partly through intervention of tumor glucose metabolism. Furthermore, some authors had found that the uptake of 2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose(18F-FDG) was correlated with PD-1/PD-L1 expression. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a non-invasive detection method for PD-1/PD-L1 expression and has several potential advantages over immunohistochemical (IHC), PET/CT can dynamically reflect the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 inside the tumor and further guide clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zi-Ming Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Mølgaard K, Kielsen K, Ifversen M, Met Ö, Svane IM, Müller K. Reduced mitochondrial respiration in peripheral T cells after paediatric heamatopoietic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1327977. [PMID: 38268913 PMCID: PMC10806108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recovery and functional differentiation of T-cell subsets are central for the development of immune function and complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but little is known about the cellular respiration and factors influencing T-cell metabolic fitness during immune maturation after HSCT. Method We included 20 HSCT patients and analysed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial fitness in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples collected at days +90 and +180 after HSCT. Results Phenotypic analysis revealed lower overall T-cell counts, lower CD4+/CD8+ ratio and a skewed distribution of early T-cell subsets at day +90, gradually recovering by day +180. Although ATP turnover in HSCT patients was similar to healthy controls, the spare respiratory capacity (SRC) of T cells, reflecting the available energy reserve, was significantly reduced at day +90 and +180 compared to healthy controls. This reduction in SRC was not correlated with the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), the intensity of conditioning regimens and markers of T-cell exhaustion. Conclusion We found significantly depressed SRC until six months post-HSCT, but we were not able to identify transplant-related risk factors or associations with the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Mølgaard
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Kielsen
- Institute of Inflammatory Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Ifversen
- Hematopietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Primary Immune Deficiency, Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Müller
- Institute of Inflammatory Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hematopietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Primary Immune Deficiency, Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mise-Omata S, Ando M, Srirat T, Nakagawara K, Hayakawa T, Iizuka-Koga M, Nishimasu H, Nureki O, Ito M, Yoshimura A. SOCS3 deletion in effector T cells confers an anti-tumorigenic role of IL-6 to the pro-tumorigenic cytokine. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112940. [PMID: 37582370 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is abundantly expressed in the tumor microenvironment and is associated with poor patient outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in T cells potentiates anti-tumor immune responses by conferring the anti-tumorigenic function of IL-6 in mouse and human models. In Socs3-deficient CD8+ T cells, IL-6 upregulates the expression of type I interferon (IFN)-regulated genes and enhances the anti-tumor effector function of T cells, while also modifying mitochondrial fitness to increase mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and to promote metabolic glycolysis in the energy state. Furthermore, Socs3 deficiency reduces regulatory T cells and increases T helper 1 (Th1) cells. SOCS3 knockdown in human chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells exhibits a strong anti-tumor response in humanized mice. Thus, genetic disruption of SOCS3 offers an avenue to improve the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Mise-Omata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ando
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanakorn Srirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakagawara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taeko Hayakawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Iizuka-Koga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimasu
- Structural Biology Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Ito
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Babl N, Hofbauer J, Matos C, Voll F, Menevse AN, Rechenmacher M, Mair R, Beckhove P, Herr W, Siska PJ, Renner K, Kreutz M, Schnell A. Low-density lipoprotein balances T cell metabolism and enhances response to anti-PD-1 blockade in a HCT116 spheroid model. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1107484. [PMID: 36776340 PMCID: PMC9911890 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The discovery of immune checkpoints and the development of their specific inhibitors was acclaimed as a major breakthrough in cancer therapy. However, only a limited patient cohort shows sufficient response to therapy. Hence, there is a need for identifying new checkpoints and predictive biomarkers with the objective of overcoming immune escape and resistance to treatment. Having been associated with both, treatment response and failure, LDL seems to be a double-edged sword in anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Being embedded into complex metabolic conditions, the impact of LDL on distinct immune cells has not been sufficiently addressed. Revealing the effects of LDL on T cell performance in tumor immunity may enable individual treatment adjustments in order to enhance the response to routinely administered immunotherapies in different patient populations. The object of this work was to investigate the effect of LDL on T cell activation and tumor immunity in-vitro. Methods Experiments were performed with different LDL dosages (LDLlow = 50 μg/ml and LDLhigh = 200 μg/ml) referring to medium control. T cell phenotype, cytokines and metabolism were analyzed. The functional relevance of our findings was studied in a HCT116 spheroid model in the context of anti-PD-1 blockade. Results The key points of our findings showed that LDLhigh skewed the CD4+ T cell subset into a central memory-like phenotype, enhanced the expression of the co-stimulatory marker CD154 (CD40L) and significantly reduced secretion of IL-10. The exhaustion markers PD-1 and LAG-3 were downregulated on both T cell subsets and phenotypical changes were associated with a balanced T cell metabolism, in particular with a significant decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS). T cell transfer into a HCT116 spheroid model resulted in a significant reduction of the spheroid viability in presence of an anti-PD-1 antibody combined with LDLhigh. Discussion Further research needs to be conducted to fully understand the impact of LDL on T cells in tumor immunity and moreover, to also unravel LDL effects on other lymphocytes and myeloid cells for improving anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The reason for improved response might be a resilient, less exhausted phenotype with balanced ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Babl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Hofbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carina Matos
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Voll
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ayse Nur Menevse
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rechenmacher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Mair
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schnell
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Annette Schnell,
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Yu H, Jacquelot N, Belz GT. Metabolic features of innate lymphoid cells. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213615. [PMID: 36301303 PMCID: PMC9617479 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cells are found in distinct tissue niches where they orchestrate immune responses. This requires intrinsic and temporal metabolic adaptability to coordinately activate the immune response cascade. Dysregulation of this program is a key feature of immunosuppression. Direct or indirect metabolic immune cell reprogramming may offer new approaches to modulate immune cells behavior for therapy to overcome dysregulation. In this review, we explored how metabolism regulates lymphocytes beyond the classical T cell subsets. We focus on the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family, highlighting the distinct metabolic characteristics of these cells, the impact of environmental factors, and the receptors that could alter immune cell functions through manipulation of metabolic pathways to potentially prevent or treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Yu
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Schutt SD, Wu Y, Kharel A, Bastian D, Choi HJ, Hanief Sofi M, Mealer C, McDaniel Mims B, Nguyen H, Liu C, Helke K, Cui W, Zhang X, Ben-David Y, Yu XZ. The druggable transcription factor Fli-1 regulates T cell immunity and tolerance in graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:143950. [PMID: 36074578 PMCID: PMC9621143 DOI: 10.1172/jci143950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), manifesting as either acute (aGVHD) or chronic (cGVHD), presents significant life-threatening complications following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here, we investigated Friend virus leukemia integration 1 (Fli-1) in GVHD pathogenesis and validated Fli-1 as a therapeutic target. Using genetic approaches, we found that Fli-1 dynamically regulated different T cell subsets in allogeneic responses and pathogenicity in the development of aGVHD and cGVHD. Compared with homozygous Fli1-deficient or WT T cells, heterozygous Fli1-deficient T cells induced the mildest GVHD, as evidenced by the lowest Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis revealed that Fli-1 differentially regulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Fli-1 promoted the transcription of Th1/Th17 pathways and T cell receptor-inducible (TCR-inducible) transcription factors in CD4+ T cells, while suppressing activation- and function-related gene pathways in CD8+ T cells. Importantly, a low dose of camptothecin, topotecan, or etoposide acted as a potent Fli-1 inhibitor and significantly attenuated GVHD severity, while preserving the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. This observation was extended to a xenograft model, in which GVHD was induced by human T cells. In conclusion, we provide evidence that Fli-1 plays a crucial role in alloreactive CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation and that targeting Fli-1 may be an attractive strategy for treating GVHD without compromising the GVL effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Arjun Kharel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hee-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mohammed Hanief Sofi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Corey Mealer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brianyell McDaniel Mims
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine at MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yaacov Ben-David
- Guizhou Medical University and the Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,The Cancer Center in MCW, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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8
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Immune Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer Ascites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810692. [PMID: 36142615 PMCID: PMC9504085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has a specific type of metastasis, via transcoelomic, and most of the patients are diagnosed at advanced stages with multiple tumors spread within the peritoneal cavity. The role of Malignant Ascites (MA) is to serve as a transporter of tumor cells from the primary location to the peritoneal wall or to the surface of the peritoneal organs. MA comprise cellular components with tumor and non-tumor cells and acellular components, creating a unique microenvironment capable of modifying the tumor behavior. These microenvironment factors influence tumor cell proliferation, progression, chemoresistance, and immune evasion, suggesting that MA play an active role in OC progression. Tumor cells induce a complex immune suppression that neutralizes antitumor immunity, leading to disease progression and treatment failure, provoking a tumor-promoting environment. In this review, we will focus on the High-Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC) microenvironment with special attention to the tumor microenvironment immunology.
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Yu C, Li Q, Zhang Y, Wen ZF, Dong H, Mou Y. Current status and perspective of tumor immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:941750. [PMID: 36092724 PMCID: PMC9458968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.941750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have a high incidence and mortality rate, and investigating the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies of HNSCC is required for further progress. Immunotherapy is a considerable therapeutic strategy for HNSCC due to its potential to produce a broad and long-lasting antitumor response. However, immune escape, which involves mechanisms including dyregulation of cytokines, perturbation of immune checkpoints, and recruitment of inhibitory cell populations, limit the efficacy of immunotherapy. Currently, multiple immunotherapy strategies for HNSCC have been exploited, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, costimulatory agonists, antigenic vaccines, oncolytic virus therapy, adoptive T cell transfer (ACT), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy. Each of these strategies has unique advantages, and the appropriate application of these immunotherapies in HNSCC treatment has significant value for patients. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms of immune escape and the characteristics of different immunotherapy strategies in HNSCC to provide a foundation and consideration for the clinical treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhang Yu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Fa Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Donlon NE, Davern M, Hayes C, Power R, Sheppard AD, Donohoe CL, Lysaght J, Reynolds JV. The immune response to major gastrointestinal cancer surgery and potential implications for adjuvant immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 175:103729. [PMID: 35662586 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The perioperative period theoretically is a critical time of opportunity for the progression of pre-existing tumour micrometastasis. Therefore,the timing of introducing cancer therapies including chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapies in the postoperative period is important. A thorough exploration of the perioperative immune events at a cellular level in combination with an intricate review of available clinical rials was conducted to extrapolate the effects of oncological surgery on the perioperative immune milieu.This is timely in view of the recently published Checkmate-577 trial which demonstrated significant disease-free survival in carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction with the use of adjuvant anti-programmed cell deathprotein 1(PD-1) immunotherapy.This review focusing in particular on perioperative immunosuppression, identifies potential modifiable factors, the effects of perioperative conditioning and optimisation, the most recent trials in the curative setting for Gastrointestinal malignancies and the new treatment avenues possible in the context of the combination of immunotherapy and major oncological gastrointestinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel E Donlon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Robert Power
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Andrew D Sheppard
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Claire L Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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11
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Zou JY, Huang YJ, He J, Tang ZX, Qin L. Glycolytic and fatty acid oxidation genes affect the treatment and prognosis of liver cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4737-4760. [PMID: 35801051 PMCID: PMC9198879 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i15.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is a feature of tumour cells and is essential to support their rapid proliferation. The glycolytic activity of liver cancer cells is significantly higher than that of normal liver cells, and the rapidly proliferating tumour cells are powered by aerobic glycolysis. Lipid metabolism reprogramming enables tumour cells to meet their needs for highly proliferative growth and is an important driving force for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
AIM To explore the influence of different metabolic subtypes of HCC and analyse their significance in guiding prognosis and treatment based on the molecular mechanism of glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO).
METHODS By downloading related data from public databases including the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Molecular Signatures Database, and International Cancer Genome Consortium, we utilised unsupervised consensus clustering to divide TCGA Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma samples into four metabolic subgroups and compared single nucleotide polymorphism, copy number variation, tumour microenvironment, and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer and Tumour Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion between different metabolites. The differences and causes of survival and the clinical characteristics between them were analysed, and a prognostic model was established based on glycolysis and FAO genes. Combined with the clinical features, a Norman diagram was created to compare the pros and cons of each model.
RESULTS In the four metabolic subgroups, with the increase in glycolytic expression, the median survival of patients showed the worst results, while FAO showed the best. When comparing the follow-up analysis of each group, we considered that the differences between them might be related to reactive oxygen species, somatic copy number variation of key genes, and immune microenvironment. It was also found that the FAO group and the low-risk group had better efficacy and response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment and anti-tumour drugs.
CONCLUSION There are obvious differences in genes, chromosomes, and clinical characteristics between metabolic subgroups. The establishment of a prognostic model could predict patient prognosis and guide clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yue Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Jie Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zu-Xiong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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12
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Chakraborty P, Parikh RY, Choi S, Tran D, Gooz M, Hedley ZT, Kim DS, Pytel D, Kang I, Nadig SN, Beeson GC, Ball L, Mehrotra M, Wang H, Berto S, Palanisamy V, Li H, Chatterjee S, Rodriguez PC, Maldonado EN, Diehl JA, Gangaraju VK, Mehrotra S. Carbon Monoxide Activates PERK-Regulated Autophagy to Induce Immunometabolic Reprogramming and Boost Antitumor T-cell Function. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1969-1990. [PMID: 35404405 PMCID: PMC9117468 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) share structural and functional networks and activate well-orchestrated signaling processes to shape cells' fate and function. While persistent ER stress (ERS) response leads to mitochondrial collapse, moderate ERS promotes mitochondrial function. Strategies to boost antitumor T-cell function by targeting ER-mitochondria cross-talk have not yet been exploited. Here, we used carbon monoxide (CO), a short-lived gaseous molecule, to test whether engaging moderate ERS conditions can improve mitochondrial and antitumor functions in T cells. In melanoma antigen-specific T cells, CO-induced transient activation of ERS sensor protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) significantly increased antitumor T-cell function. Furthermore, CO-induced PERK activation temporarily halted protein translation and induced protective autophagy, including mitophagy. The use of LC3-GFP enabled differentiation between the cells that prepare themselves to undergo active autophagy (LC3-GFPpos) and those that fail to enter the process (LC3-GFPneg). LC3-GFPpos T cells showed strong antitumor potential, whereas LC3-GFPneg cells exhibited a T regulatory-like phenotype, harbored dysfunctional mitochondria, and accumulated abnormal metabolite content. These anomalous ratios of metabolites rendered the cells with a hypermethylated state and distinct epigenetic profile, limiting their antitumor activity. Overall, this study shows that ERS-activated autophagy pathways modify the mitochondrial function and epigenetically reprogram T cells toward a superior antitumor phenotype to achieve robust tumor control. SIGNIFICANCE Transient activation of ER stress with carbon monoxide drives mitochondrial biogenesis and protective autophagy that elicits superior antitumor T-cell function, revealing an approach to improving adoptive cell efficacy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rasesh Y Parikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Seungho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Danh Tran
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zachariah T Hedley
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Do-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dariusz Pytel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Inhong Kang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gyda C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lauren Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Meenal Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stefano Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Viswanathan Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shilpak Chatterjee
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vamsi K Gangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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13
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Granhøj JS, Witness Præst Jensen A, Presti M, Met Ö, Svane IM, Donia M. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy: recent advances, challenges, and future directions. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:627-641. [PMID: 35414331 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2064711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a highly personalized type of cancer immunotherapy. TIL-based ACT exploits naturally occurring TILs, derived from the patients' tumor. This treatment has shown consistent clinical responses in melanoma, and recent results point toward a potential use in multiple cancer diagnoses. However, several limitations have restricted the clinical development and adaptation of TIL-based ACT. AREAS COVERED In this review, we present the principles of TIL-based ACT and discuss the most significant limitations for therapeutic efficacy and its widespread application. The topics of therapeutic resistance (both innate and acquired), treatment-related toxicity, and the novel research topic of metabolic barriers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are covered. EXPERT OPINION There are many ongoing areas of research focusing on improving clinical efficacy and optimizing TIL-based ACT. Many strategies have shown great potential, particularly strategies advancing TIL efficacy (such as increasing and harnessing ex vivo the sub-population of tumor-reactive TILs) and manufacturing processes. Novel approaches can help overcome current limitations and potentially result in TIL-based ACT entering the mainstream of cancer therapy across tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Stoltenborg Granhøj
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Agnete Witness Præst Jensen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mario Presti
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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14
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Van Hoeck J, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Non-viral siRNA delivery to T cells: Challenges and opportunities in cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Donlon NE, Davern M, Sheppard AD, O'Connell F, Dunne MR, Hayes C, Mylod E, Ramjit S, Temperley H, Mac Lean M, Cotter G, Bhardwaj A, Butler C, Conroy MJ, O'Sullivan J, Ravi N, Donohoe CL, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J. The Impact of Esophageal Oncological Surgery on Perioperative Immune Function; Implications for Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:823225. [PMID: 35154142 PMCID: PMC8829578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being investigated for their role as an adjunct in the multimodal treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The most effective time to incorporate ICIs remains unknown. Our study profiles systemic anti-tumor immunity perioperatively to help inform the optimal timing of ICIs into current standards of care for EAC patients. Methods Systemic immunity in 11 EAC patients was phenotyped immediately prior to esophagectomy (POD-0) and post-operatively (POD)-1, 3, 7 and week 6. Longitudinal serological profiling was conducted by ELISA. The frequency of circulating lymphocytes, activation status, immune checkpoint expression and damage-associated molecular patterns was assessed by flow cytometry. Results The frequency of naïve T-cells significantly increased in circulation post-esophagectomy from POD-0 to POD-7 (p<0.01) with a significant decrease in effector memory T-cells by POD7 followed by a subsequent increase by week 6 (p<0.05). A significant increase in activated circulating CD27+ T-cells was observed from POD-0 to POD-7 (p<0.05). The percentage of PD-1+ and CTLA-4+ T-cells peaked on POD-1 and was significantly decreased by week 6 (p<0.01). There was a significant increase in soluble PD-1, PD-L2, TIGIT and LAG-3 from POD-3 to week 6 (p<0.01). Increased checkpoint expression correlated with those who developed metastatic disease early in their postoperative course. Th1 cytokines and co-stimulatory factors decreased significantly in the immediate post-operative setting, with a reduction in IFN-γ, IL-12p40, IL-1RA, CD28, CD40L and TNF-α. A simultaneous increase was observed in Th2 cytokines in the immediate post-operative setting, with a significant increase in IL-4, IL-10, IL-16 and MCP-1 before returning to preoperative levels at week 6. Conclusion Our study highlights the prevailing Th2-like immunophenotype post-surgery. Therefore, shifting the balance in favour of a Th1-like phenotype would offer a potent therapeutic approach to promote cancer regression and prevent recurrence in the adjuvant setting and could potentially propagate anti-tumour immune responses perioperatively if administered in the immediate neoadjuvant setting. Consequently, this body of work paves the way for further studies and appropriate trial design is needed to further interrogate and validate the use of ICI in the multimodal treatment of locally advanced disease in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel E Donlon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew D Sheppard
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear Mylod
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Ramjit
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugo Temperley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Mac Lean
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gillian Cotter
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine Butler
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Narayanasamy Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire L Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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De Matteis R, Flak MB, Gonzalez-Nunez M, Austin-Williams S, Palmas F, Colas RA, Dalli J. Aspirin activates resolution pathways to reprogram T cell and macrophage responses in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl5420. [PMID: 35108049 PMCID: PMC8809687 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is linked with carcinogenesis in many types of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). Aspirin is recommended for the prevention of CRC, although the mechanism(s) mediating its immunomodulatory actions remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that aspirin increased concentrations of the immune-regulatory aspirin-triggered specialized proresolving mediators (AT-SPMs), including AT-lipoxin A4 and AT-resolvin D1, in colonic tissues during inflammation-associated CRC (I-CRC). Aspirin also down-regulated the expression of the checkpoint protein programmed cell death protein-1 in macrophages and CD8+ T cells from the colonic mucosa. Inhibition of AT-SPM biosynthesis or knockout of the AT-SPM receptor Alx/Fpr2 reversed the immunomodulatory actions of aspirin on macrophages and CD8+ T cells and abrogated its protective effects during I-CRC. Furthermore, treatment of mice with AT-SPM recapitulated the immune-directed actions of aspirin during I-CRC. Together, these findings elucidate a central role for AT-SPM in mediating the immune-directed actions of aspirin in regulating I-CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Matteis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Magdalena B. Flak
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Nunez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shani Austin-Williams
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Francesco Palmas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Romain A. Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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17
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Shen L, Xiao Y, Tian J, Lu Z. Remodeling metabolic fitness: Strategies for improving the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. Cancer Lett 2022; 529:139-152. [PMID: 35007698 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic success of adoptive transfer of engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) has been achieved with effective responses in some relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, which is not yet met in solid tumors. The efficacy of CAR-T therapy is associated with its fate determination and their interaction with cancer cells in tumor microenvironment (TME), which is closely correlated with T cell metabolism fitness. Indeed, modulating T cell metabolism reprogramming has been proven crucial for their survival and reinvigorating antitumor immunity, and thus is considered as a promising strategy to improve the clinical performance of CAR-T cell therapy in difficult-to-treat cancers. This review briefly summarizes the T cell metabolic profiles and key metabolic challenges it faces in TME such as nutrient depletion, hypoxia, and toxic metabolites, then emphatically discusses the potential strategies to modulate metabolic properties of CAR-T cells including improving CARs construct design, optimizing manufacture process via addition of exogenous cytokines or targeting specific signaling pathway, manipulating ROS levels balance or relieve the unfavorable metabolic TME including adaptation to hypoxia and relieving inhibitory effect of toxic metabolites, eventually strengthening the anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahe Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Zheming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Li C, Phoon YP, Karlinsey K, Tian YF, Thapaliya S, Thongkum A, Qu L, Matz AJ, Cameron M, Cameron C, Menoret A, Funchain P, Song JM, Diaz-Montero CM, Tamilselvan B, Golden JB, Cartwright M, Rodriguez A, Bonin C, Vella A, Zhou B, Gastman BR. A high OXPHOS CD8 T cell subset is predictive of immunotherapy resistance in melanoma patients. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212867. [PMID: 34807232 PMCID: PMC8611729 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy continues to revolutionize melanoma treatment, but only a subset of patients respond. Major efforts are underway to develop minimally invasive predictive assays of ICI response. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we discovered a unique CD8 T cell blood/tumor-shared subpopulation in melanoma patients with high levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the ectonucleotidases CD38 and CD39, and both exhaustion and cytotoxicity markers. We called this population with high levels of OXPHOS “CD8+ TOXPHOS cells.” We validated that higher levels of OXPHOS in tumor- and peripheral blood–derived CD8+ TOXPHOS cells correlated with ICI resistance in melanoma patients. We then developed an ICI therapy response predictive model using a transcriptomic profile of CD8+ TOXPHOS cells. This model is capable of discerning responders from nonresponders using either tumor or peripheral blood CD8 T cells with high accuracy in multiple validation cohorts. In sum, CD8+ TOXPHOS cells represent a critical immune population to assess ICI response with the potential to be a new target to improve outcomes in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Yee Peng Phoon
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Keaton Karlinsey
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Ye F Tian
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Samjhana Thapaliya
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Angkana Thongkum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lili Qu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Alyssa Joyce Matz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Cheryl Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | | | - Jung-Min Song
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Jackelyn B Golden
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael Cartwright
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Anthony Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Brian R Gastman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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19
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Rozmus J, Bhatt ST, Buxbaum NP, Cuvelier GDE, Li AM, Kitko CL, Schultz KR. Is It Possible to Separate the Graft-Versus-Leukemia (GVL) Effect Against B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia From Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) After Hematopoietic Cell Transplant? Front Pediatr 2022; 10:796994. [PMID: 35402356 PMCID: PMC8987503 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.796994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplant is a curative therapy for many pediatric patients with high risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Its therapeutic mechanism is primarily based on the generation of an alloreactive graft-versus-leukemia effect that can eliminate residual leukemia cells thus preventing relapse. However its efficacy is diminished by the concurrent emergence of harmful graft-versus-host disease disease which affects healthly tissue leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to describe the interventions that have been trialed in order to augment the beneficial graft-versus leukemia effect post-hematopoietic cell transplant while limiting the harmful consequences of graft-versus-host disease. This includes many emerging and promising strategies such as ex vivo and in vivo graft manipulation, targeted cell therapies, T-cell engagers and multiple pharmacologic interventions that stimulate specific donor effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Rozmus
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sima T Bhatt
- Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Geoffrey D E Cuvelier
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amanda M Li
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carrie L Kitko
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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20
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Zhang M, Jin X, Sun R, Xiong X, Wang J, Xie D, Zhao M. Optimization of metabolism to improve efficacy during CAR-T cell manufacturing. J Transl Med 2021; 19:499. [PMID: 34876185 PMCID: PMC8650271 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy is a relatively new, effective, and rapidly evolving therapeutic for adoptive immunotherapies. Although it has achieved remarkable effect in hematological malignancies, there are some problems that remain to be resolved. For example, there are high recurrence rates and poor efficacy in solid tumors. In this review, we first briefly describe the metabolic re-editing of T cells and the changes in metabolism during the preparation of CAR-T cells. Furthermore, we summarize the latest developments and newest strategies to improve the metabolic adaptability and antitumor activity of CAR-T cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- First Center Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- First Center Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- First Center Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Danni Xie
- First Center Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - MingFeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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21
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Wang E, Cesano A, Butterfield LH, Marincola F. Improving the therapeutic index in adoptive cell therapy: key factors that impact efficacy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001619. [PMID: 33023983 PMCID: PMC7539608 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic index (TI) is a quantitative assessment of a drug safety proportional to its effectiveness. The estimation is intuitive when the engagement of the product with its target is dependent on stable chemistry and predictable pharmacokinetics as is the case for small molecules or antibodies. But for therapeutics with complex biodistribution and context-dependent potency such as adoptive cell therapy (ACT) products, TI estimations need to consider a broader array of factors. These include product-dependent variability such as functional fitness, unpredictable pharmacokinetics due to non-specific trapping, sequestration and extravasation into normal tissues and variable rates of in vivo expansion. In the case of solid malignancies, additional modifiers dependent on individual tumor immune biology may affect pharmacodynamics, including differential trafficking to benign compared with cancer tissue, hampered engagement with target cells, immune suppression and cellular dysfunction due to unfavorable metabolic conditions. Here, we propose a patient-specific assessment of factors affecting on-tumor from off-tumor activity in disparate immunologic environments that impact ACT’s clinical efficacy and may favorably balance the TI. for ACT products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Wang
- Allogene Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Research, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA.,Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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22
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Leeuwenburgh VC, Urzúa-Traslaviña CG, Bhattacharya A, Walvoort MTC, Jalving M, de Jong S, Fehrmann RSN. Robust metabolic transcriptional components in 34,494 patient-derived cancer-related samples and cell lines. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:35. [PMID: 34565468 PMCID: PMC8474886 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-derived bulk expression profiles of cancers can provide insight into the transcriptional changes that underlie reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. These profiles represent the average expression pattern of all heterogeneous tumor and non-tumor cells present in biopsies of tumor lesions. Hence, subtle transcriptional footprints of metabolic processes can be concealed by other biological processes and experimental artifacts. However, consensus independent component analyses (c-ICA) can capture statistically independent transcriptional footprints of both subtle and more pronounced metabolic processes. Methods We performed c-ICA with 34,494 bulk expression profiles of patient-derived tumor biopsies, non-cancer tissues, and cell lines. Gene set enrichment analysis with 608 gene sets that describe metabolic processes was performed to identify the transcriptional components enriched for metabolic processes (mTCs). The activity of these mTCs was determined in all samples to create a metabolic transcriptional landscape. Results A set of 555 mTCs was identified of which many were robust across different datasets, platforms, and patient-derived tissues and cell lines. We demonstrate how the metabolic transcriptional landscape defined by the activity of these mTCs in samples can be used to explore the associations between the metabolic transcriptome and drug sensitivities, patient outcomes, and the composition of the immune tumor microenvironment. Conclusions To facilitate the use of our transcriptional metabolic landscape, we have provided access to all data via a web portal (www.themetaboliclandscapeofcancer.com). We believe this resource will contribute to the formulation of new hypotheses on how to metabolically engage the tumor or its (immune) microenvironment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00272-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C G Urzúa-Traslaviña
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Bhattacharya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M T C Walvoort
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Jalving
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R S N Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Chandrasekaran S, Funk CR, Kleber T, Paulos CM, Shanmugam M, Waller EK. Strategies to Overcome Failures in T-Cell Immunotherapies by Targeting PI3K-δ and -γ. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718621. [PMID: 34512641 PMCID: PMC8427697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ are critical regulators of T-cell differentiation, senescence, and metabolism. PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ signaling can contribute to T-cell inhibition via intrinsic mechanisms and regulation of suppressor cell populations, including regulatory T-cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells in the tumor. We examine an exciting new role for using selective inhibitors of the PI3K δ- and γ-isoforms as modulators of T-cell phenotype and function in immunotherapy. Herein we review the current literature on the implications of PI3K-δ and -γ inhibition in T-cell biology, discuss existing challenges in adoptive T-cell therapies and checkpoint blockade inhibitors, and highlight ongoing efforts and future directions to incorporate PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ as synergistic T-cell modulators in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Chandrasekaran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher Ronald Funk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Troy Kleber
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Department of Surgery/Microbiology & Immunology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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24
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Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have undergone a resurgence in the past decade. A better understanding of the breadth of tumour-associated antigens, the native immune response and development of novel technologies for antigen delivery has facilitated improved vaccine design. The goal of therapeutic cancer vaccines is to induce tumour regression, eradicate minimal residual disease, establish lasting antitumour memory and avoid non-specific or adverse reactions. However, tumour-induced immunosuppression and immunoresistance pose significant challenges to achieving this goal. In this Review, we deliberate on how to improve and expand the antigen repertoire for vaccines, consider developments in vaccine platforms and explore antigen-agnostic in situ vaccines. Furthermore, we summarize the reasons for failure of cancer vaccines in the past and provide an overview of various mechanisms of resistance posed by the tumour. Finally, we propose strategies for combining suitable vaccine platforms with novel immunomodulatory approaches and standard-of-care treatments for overcoming tumour resistance and enhancing clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Saxena
- Vaccine and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Vaccine and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Recent evidence supports the notion that mitochondrial metabolism is necessary for T cell activation, proliferation, and function. Mitochondrial metabolism supports T cell anabolism by providing key metabolites for macromolecule synthesis and generating metabolites for T cell function. In this review, we focus on how mitochondrial metabolism controls conventional and regulatory T cell fates and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Steinert
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - Karthik Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
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26
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Rangel Rivera GO, Knochelmann HM, Dwyer CJ, Smith AS, Wyatt MM, Rivera-Reyes AM, Thaxton JE, Paulos CM. Fundamentals of T Cell Metabolism and Strategies to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645242. [PMID: 33815400 PMCID: PMC8014042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging reports show that metabolic pathways can be targeted to enhance T cell-mediated immunity to tumors. Yet, tumors consume key metabolites in the host to survive, thus robbing T cells of these nutrients to function and thrive. T cells are often deprived of basic building blocks for energy in the tumor, including glucose and amino acids needed to proliferate or produce cytotoxic molecules against tumors. Immunosuppressive molecules in the host further compromise the lytic capacity of T cells. Moreover, checkpoint receptors inhibit T cell responses by impairing their bioenergetic potential within tumors. In this review, we discuss the fundamental metabolic pathways involved in T cell activation, differentiation and response against tumors. We then address ways to target metabolic pathways to improve the next generation of immunotherapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Connor J Dwyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amalia M Rivera-Reyes
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica E Thaxton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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27
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dos Santos LV, Abrahão CM, William WN. Overcoming Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:596290. [PMID: 33747915 PMCID: PMC7973277 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.596290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical data suggest that head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) may evade immune surveillance and induce immunosuppression. One mechanism of immune evasion involves the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in tumor and immune cells, which is, to date, the only biomarker routinely used in clinical practice to select patients with advanced HNSCCs more likely to benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy. Nonetheless, PD-L1 expression alone incompletely captures the degree of sensitivity of HNSCCs to PD-1 inhibitors. Most patients exposed to anti-PD-1 antibodies do not respond to therapy, suggesting the existence of mechanisms of de novo resistance to immunotherapy. Furthermore, patients that initially respond to PD-1 inhibitors will eventually develop acquired resistance to immunotherapy through mechanisms that have not yet been completely elucidated. In this article, we will provide an overview of the immune landscape of HNSCCs. We will briefly describe the clinical activity of inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in this disease, as well as biomarkers of benefit from these agents that have been identified so far. We will review pre-clinical and clinical work in cancers in general, and in HNSCCs specifically, that have characterized the mechanisms of de novo and acquired resistance to immunotherapy. Lastly, we will provide insights into novel strategies under investigation to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William N. William
- Centro de Oncologia, Hospital BP, A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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T-Cell Dysfunction as a Limitation of Adoptive Immunotherapy: Current Concepts and Mitigation Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040598. [PMID: 33546277 PMCID: PMC7913380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary T cells are immune cells that can be used to target infections or cancers. Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy leverages these properties and/or confers new features to T cells through ex vivo manipulations prior to their use in patients. However, as a “living drug,” the function of these cells can be hampered by several built-in physiological constraints and external factors that limit their efficacy. Manipulating T cells ex vivo can impart dysfunctional features to T cells through repeated stimulations and expansion, but it also offers many opportunities to improve the therapeutic potential of these cells, including emerging interventions to prevent or reverse T-cell dysfunction developing ex vivo or after transfer in patients. This review outlines the various forms of T-cell dysfunction, emphasizes how it affects various types of T-cell immunotherapy approaches, and describes current and anticipated strategies to limit T-cell dysfunction. Abstract Over the last decades, cellular immunotherapy has revealed its curative potential. However, inherent physiological characteristics of immune cells can limit the potency of this approach. Best defined in T cells, dysfunction associated with terminal differentiation, exhaustion, senescence, and activation-induced cell death, undermine adoptive cell therapies. In this review, we concentrate on how the multiple mechanisms that articulate the various forms of immune dysfunction impact cellular therapies primarily involving conventional T cells, but also other lymphoid subtypes. The repercussions of immune cell dysfunction across the full life cycle of cell therapy, from the source material, during manufacturing, and after adoptive transfer, are discussed, with an emphasis on strategies used during ex vivo manipulations to limit T-cell dysfunction. Applicable to cellular products prepared from native and unmodified immune cells, as well as genetically engineered therapeutics, the understanding and potential modulation of dysfunctional features are key to the development of improved cellular immunotherapies.
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29
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Bhat AA, Yousuf P, Wani NA, Rizwan A, Chauhan SS, Siddiqi MA, Bedognetti D, El-Rifai W, Frenneaux MP, Batra SK, Haris M, Macha MA. Tumor microenvironment: an evil nexus promoting aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and avenue for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:12. [PMID: 33436555 PMCID: PMC7804459 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for advanced-stage tumors. Recent clinical, genomic, and cellular studies have revealed the highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive nature of HNSCC. Despite significant advances in multimodal therapeutic interventions, failure to cure and recurrence are common and account for most deaths. It is becoming increasingly apparent that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in HNSCC tumorigenesis, promotes the evolution of aggressive tumors and resistance to therapy, and thereby adversely affects the prognosis. A complete understanding of the TME factors, together with the highly complex tumor-stromal interactions, can lead to new therapeutic interventions in HNSCC. Interestingly, different molecular and immune landscapes between HPV+ve and HPV-ve (human papillomavirus) HNSCC tumors offer new opportunities for developing individualized, targeted chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) regimen. This review highlights the current understanding of the complexity between HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC TME and various tumor-stromal cross-talk modulating processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis resistance, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, metastatic niche, therapeutic resistance, and development of an aggressive tumor phenotype. Furthermore, we summarize the recent developments and the rationale behind CIT strategies and their clinical applications in HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parvaiz Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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30
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Lopes N, Silva‐Santos B. Functional and metabolic dichotomy of murine γδ T cell subsets in cancer immunity. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:17-26. [PMID: 33188652 PMCID: PMC7839746 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells can display a plethora of immune functions, but recent studies have highlighted their importance, in multiple disease models, as sources of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-17A (IL-17), and IFN-γ. These are produced by distinct murine effector γδ T cell subsets that diverge during thymic γδ T cell development. Among the multiple roles these subsets play in peripheral tissues, a striking dichotomy has emerged at tumor sites: whereas IFN-γ+ γδ T cells inhibit tumor cell growth, IL-17+ γδ T cells promote tumor progression and metastasis formation. In this review, we discuss the main lines of evidence, mostly from preclinical studies in mouse models, for this functional dichotomy in cancer immunity. We further highlight very recent advances in our understanding how metabolic sources and pathways can impact on the balance between IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which opens a new exciting avenue to explore toward the application of γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlla Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Bruno Silva‐Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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31
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Rostamian H, Fallah-Mehrjardi K, Khakpoor-Koosheh M, Pawelek JM, Hadjati J, Brown CE, Mirzaei HR. A metabolic switch to memory CAR T cells: Implications for cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:107-118. [PMID: 33290868 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is associated with their expansion, persistence and effector function. Although CAR T cell therapy has shown remarkable therapeutic effects in hematological malignancies, its therapeutic efficacy has been limited in some types of cancers - in particular, solid tumors - partially due to the cells' inability to persist and the acquisition of T cell dysfunction within a harsh immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it would be expected that generation of CAR T cells with intrinsic properties for functional longevity, such as the cells with early-memory phenotypes, could beneficially enhance antitumor immunity. Furthermore, because the metabolic pathways of CAR T cells help determine cellular differentiation and lifespan, therapies targeting such pathways like glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, can alter CAR T cell fate and durability within tumors. Here we discuss how reprogramming of CAR T cell metabolism and metabolic switch to memory CAR T cells influences their antitumor activity. We also offer potential strategies for targeting these metabolic circuits in the setting of adoptive CAR T cell therapy, aiming to better unleash the potential of adoptive CAR T cell therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rostamian
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Fallah-Mehrjardi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khakpoor-Koosheh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - John M Pawelek
- Department of Dermatology and the Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA; Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Hamid R Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Fichtner M, Bozkurt E, Salvucci M, McCann C, McAllister KA, Halang L, Düssmann H, Kinsella S, Crawford N, Sessler T, Longley DB, Prehn JHM. Molecular subtype-specific responses of colon cancer cells to the SMAC mimetic Birinapant. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1020. [PMID: 33257690 PMCID: PMC7705699 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease. Responses to genotoxic chemotherapy in the adjuvant or palliative setting vary greatly between patients, and colorectal cancer cells often resist chemotherapy by evading apoptosis. Antagonists of an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) can restore defective apoptosis signaling by degrading cIAP1 and cIAP2 proteins and by inhibition of XIAP. Due to the multiple molecular mechanisms-of-action of these targets, responses to IAP antagonist may differ between molecularly distinct colon cancer cells. In this study, responses to the IAP antagonist Birinapant and oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were investigated in 14 colon cancer cell lines, representing the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). Treatment with Birinapant alone did not result in a substantial increase in apoptotic cells in this cell line panel. Annexin-V/PI assays quantified by flow cytometry and high-content screening showed that Birinapant increased responses of CMS1 and partially CMS3 cell lines to oxaliplatin/5-FU, whereas CMS2 cells were not effectively sensitized. FRET-based imaging of caspase-8 and -3 activation validated these differences at the single-cell level, with CMS1 cells displaying sustained activation of caspase-8-like activity during Birinapant and oxaliplatin/5-FU co-treatment, ultimately activating the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In CMS2 cell lines, Birinapant exhibited synergistic effects in combination with TNFα, suggesting that Birinapant can restore extrinsic apoptosis signaling in the context of inflammatory signals in this subtype. To explore this further, we co-cultured CMS2 and CMS1 colon cancer cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We observed increased cell death during Birinapant single treatment in these co-cultures, which was abrogated by anti-TNFα-neutralizing antibodies. Collectively, our study demonstrates that IAP inhibition is a promising modulator of response to oxaliplatin/5-FU in colorectal cancers of the CMS1 subtype, and may show promise as in the CMS2 subtype, suggesting that molecular subtyping may aid as a patient stratification tool for IAP antagonists in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fichtner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emir Bozkurt
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher McCann
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Luise Halang
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Kinsella
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nyree Crawford
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tamas Sessler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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Immune escape mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and implication for new immunotherapy approach. Curr Opin Oncol 2020; 32:203-209. [PMID: 32195680 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to describe the major steps leading to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and to summarize some of the new immunotherapies that interfere with these mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Immunotherapy has improved the outcome of relapsed/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, most patients still do not respond to treatment and median overall survival remains short with a modest rate of long-term survivors. There is a growing awareness that tumor immune-escape is a complex process that involves many redundant mechanisms other than immune check-points. They interfere with the innate immune response, activation of adaptive immune response, homing of effector T cells, their clonal expansion, viability, and efficiency. This abundance of immunosuppressive mechanisms explains the limited results achieved by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Combined treatments targeting different mechanisms of escape are in development to further improve the outcome of patients with HNSCC. SUMMARY Many mechanisms favor tumor immune-escape. Each tumor exploits preferably some of them and the challenge is to understand which are the best targets in each tumor. This knowledge is an important tool to design future combination strategies based on strong biological rationales, which could offer better results than simple empirical combinations.
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Cooke RE, Quinn KM, Quach H, Harrison S, Prince HM, Koldej R, Ritchie D. Conventional Treatment for Multiple Myeloma Drives Premature Aging Phenotypes and Metabolic Dysfunction in T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2153. [PMID: 33013907 PMCID: PMC7494758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New diagnoses of multiple myeloma (MM) tend to occur after the age of 60, by which time thymic output is severely reduced. As a consequence, lymphocyte recovery after lymphopenia-inducing anti-MM therapies relies on homeostatic proliferation of peripheral T cells rather than replenishment by new thymic emigrants. To assess lymphocyte recovery and phenotype in patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) and relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM), we tracked CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations at serial time points throughout treatment and compared them to age-matched healthy donors (HD). Anti-MM therapies and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) caused a permanent reduction in the CD4:8 ratio, a decrease in naïve CD4+ T cells, and an increase in effector memory T cells and PD1-expressing CD4+ T cells. Transcriptional profiling highlighted that genes associated with fatty acid β-oxidation were upregulated in T cells in RRMM, suggesting increased reliance on mitochondrial respiration. High mitochondrial mass was seen in all T cell subsets in RRMM but with relatively suppressed reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings highlight that anti-MM and ASCT therapies perturb the composition of the T cell compartment and drive substantial metabolic remodeling, which may affect the fitness of T cells for immunotherapies. This is particularly pertinent to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy, which might be more efficacious if T cells were stored prior to ASCT rather than at relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Elizabeth Cooke
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie Margaret Quinn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hang Quach
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry Miles Prince
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Koldej
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ritchie
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Fluoropyrimidine Modulation of the Anti-Tumor Immune Response-Prospects for Improved Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061641. [PMID: 32575843 PMCID: PMC7352193 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy modulates the anti-tumor immune response and outcomes depend on the balance of favorable and unfavorable effects of drugs on anti-tumor immunity. 5-Florouracil (5-FU) is widely used in adjuvant chemotherapy regimens to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) and provides a survival benefit. However, survival remains poor for CRC patients with advanced and metastatic disease and immune checkpoint blockade therapy benefits only a sub-set of CRC patients. Here we discuss the effects of 5-FU-based chemotherapy regimens to the anti-tumor immune response. We consider how different aspects of 5-FU's multi-factorial mechanism differentially affect malignant and immune cell populations. We summarize recent studies with polymeric fluoropyrimidines (e.g., F10, CF10) that enhance DNA-directed effects and discuss how such approaches may be used to enhance the anti-tumor immune response and improve outcomes.
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Smith LK, Arabi S, Lelliott EJ, McArthur GA, Sheppard KE. Obesity and the Impact on Cutaneous Melanoma: Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061583. [PMID: 32549336 PMCID: PMC7352630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight has been identified as a risk factor for many types of cancers, and for the majority of cancers, it is associated with poor outcomes. In contrast, there are cancers in which obesity is associated with favorable outcomes and this has been termed the “obesity paradox”. In melanoma, the connection between obesity and the increased incidence is not as strong as for other cancer types with some but not all studies showing an association. However, several recent studies have indicated that increased body mass index (BMI) improves survival outcomes in targeted and immune therapy treated melanoma patients. The mechanisms underlying how obesity leads to changes in therapeutic outcomes are not completely understood. This review discusses the current evidence implicating obesity in melanoma progression and patient response to targeted and immunotherapy, and discusses potential mechanisms underpinning these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorey K. Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Arabi
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Emily J. Lelliott
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grant A. McArthur
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Karen E. Sheppard
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Kwon SM, Lee YK, Min S, Woo HG, Wang HJ, Yoon G. Mitoribosome Defect in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Promotes an Aggressive Phenotype with Suppressed Immune Reaction. iScience 2020; 23:101247. [PMID: 32629612 PMCID: PMC7306587 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes), the specialized translational machinery for mitochondrial genes, exclusively encode the subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Although OXPHOS dysfunctions are associated with hepatic disorders including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), their underlying mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of mitoribosome defects on OXPHOS and HCC progression. By generating a gene signature from HCC transcriptome data, we developed a scoring system, i.e., mitoribosome defect score (MDS), which represents the degree of mitoribosomal defects in cancers. The MDS showed close associations with the clinical outcomes of patients with HCC and with gene functions such as oxidative phosphorylation, cell-cycle activation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. By analyzing immune profiles, we observed that mitoribosomal defects are also associated with immunosuppression and evasion. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the roles of mitoribosome defects in HCC progression. A set of down-regulated MRPs in HCC cause mitoribosomal defects Mitoribosomal defects are linked to aggressive molecular features and poor prognosis Mitoribosomal defects in HCC are associated with immunosuppression and evasion TGF-β signaling pathway is a crucial mechanism to mediate mitoribosomal defects in HCC
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mee Kwon
- Departments of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Young-Kyoung Lee
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seongki Min
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Departments of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Wang
- Departments of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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Zheng S, Liu T, Liu Q, Yang L, Zhang Q, Han X, Shen T, Zhang X, Lu X. Widely targeted metabolomic analyses unveil the metabolic variations after stable knock-down of NME4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 471:81-89. [PMID: 32504364 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
NME4, also designated nm23-H4 or NDPK-D, has been known for years for its well-established roles in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates, though; little has been known regarding the differential metabolites involved as well as the biological roles NME4 plays in proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. To understand the biological roles of NME4 in ESCC cells, lentiviral-based short hairpin RNA interference (shRNA) vectors were constructed and used to stably knock down NME4. Then, the proliferative and invasive variations were assessed using MTT, Colony formation and Transwell assays. To understand the metabolites involved after silencing of NME4 in ESCC cells, widely targeted metabolomic screening was taken. It was discovered that silencing of NME4 can profoundly suppress the proliferation and invasion in ESCC cells in vitro. Metabolically, a total of 11 differential metabolites were screened. KEGG analyses revealed that Tryptophan, Riboflavin, Purine, Nicotinate, lysine degradation, and Linoleic acid metabolism were also involved in addition to the well-established nucleotides metabolism. Some of these differential metabolites, say, 2-Picolinic Acid, Nicotinic Acid and Pipecolinic Acid were suggested to be associated with tumor immunomodulation. The data we described here support the idea that metabolisms occurred in mitochondrial was closely related to tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Health Management Center, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Han
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxue Shen
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang J, Zheng Q, Zhu W, Chen X, Lu H, Chen D, Zhang H, Shao M, Zhou L, Zheng S. Alterations in glycolytic/cholesterogenic gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10300-10316. [PMID: 32479426 PMCID: PMC7346031 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Cancer Genome Consortium to assess the alterations in glycolytic and cholesterogenic genes in HCC and to determine their association with clinical features in HCC patients. Based on the gene expression profiles from these databases, we established four subtypes of HCC: cholesterogenic, glycolytic, mixed, and quiescent. The prognosis of the cholesterogenic subgroup was poorer than that of the glycolytic group. Tumors in the glycolytic group were more sensitive to chemotherapy. We also explored the relationships between these metabolic subtypes and previously established HCC subgroups. Glycolytic gene expression correlated strongly with poorer prognostic gene expression in the Hoshida classification of HCC. Whole-genome analyses indicated that aberrant amplification of TP53 and MYC in HCC were associated with abnormal anabolic cholesterol metabolism. The mRNA levels of mitochondrial pyruvate carriers 1 and 2 differed among the HCC metabolic subtypes. In a bioinformatics analysis we identified genomic characteristics of tumor metabolism that varied among different cancer types. These findings demonstrate that metabolic subtypes may be valuable prognostic indicators in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Deying Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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40
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Osuna-Pérez J, García-Ferreras R, Veiga E. From cellular microbiology to bacteria-based next generations of cancer immunotherapies. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13187. [PMID: 32185897 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pioneer work by Prof. Cossart among others, studying the interactions between pathogenic bacteria and host cells (this discipline was termed Cellular Microbiology), was fundamental to determine the bacterial infection processes and to improve our knowledge of different cellular mechanisms. The study of bacteria-host interactions also involves in vivo host immune responses, which can be manipulated by bacteria, being these last potent tools for different immunotherapies. During the last years, tumour immunotherapies, mainly the use of antibodies that target immune checkpoints [checkpoint inhibitors (CPI)], have been a revolution in oncology, allowing the treatment of tumours otherwise with very bad prognosis. In the same direction, bacteria inoculations have been used from long to treat some cancers; for example, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer can be successfully treated with the bacterium Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). More recently, it has been shown that microbiota could determine the success of CPI immunotherapies and intense research is being performed in order to use bacteria as immunotherapy tools due to their ability to activate the immune system. In this context, to expand the knowledge of the bacteria-immune system interactions will be fundamental to improve tumour immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Osuna-Pérez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Ferreras
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Veiga
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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41
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Current status and development of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for lung cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 79:106088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fu S, He K, Tian C, Sun H, Zhu C, Bai S, Liu J, Wu Q, Xie D, Yue T, Shen Z, Dai Q, Yu X, Zhu S, Liu G, Zhou R, Duan S, Tian Z, Xu T, Wang H, Bai L. Impaired lipid biosynthesis hinders anti-tumor efficacy of intratumoral iNKT cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 31974378 PMCID: PMC6978340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in tumor microenvironment hinders their anti-tumor efficacy, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that iNKT cells increase lipid biosynthesis after activation, and that is promoted by PPARγ and PLZF synergically through enhancing transcription of Srebf1. Among those lipids, cholesterol is required for the optimal IFN-γ production from iNKT cells. Lactic acid in tumor microenvironment reduces expression of PPARγ in intratumoral iNKT cells and consequently diminishes their cholesterol synthesis and IFN-γ production. Importantly, PPARγ agonist pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione drug for type 2 diabetes, successfully restores IFN-γ production in tumor-infiltrating iNKT cells from both human patients and mouse models. Combination of pioglitazone and alpha-galactosylceramide treatments significantly enhances iNKT cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our studies provide a strategy to augment the anti-tumor efficacy of iNKT cell-based immunotherapies via promoting their lipid biosynthesis. Lipid metabolism has been linked to iNKT function largely as it impacts processing and presentation of lipids they recognize. Here the authors show that iNKT-intrinsic lipid biosynthesis is important for their function but is impaired in tumors, and its restoration with PPARγ agonist drugs promotes anti-tumor iNKT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Fu
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Kaixin He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Chenxi Tian
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chenwen Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shiyu Bai
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Qielan Wu
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ting Yue
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhuxia Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qingqing Dai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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43
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O'Sullivan D, Sanin DE, Pearce EJ, Pearce EL. Metabolic interventions in the immune response to cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:324-335. [PMID: 30820043 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
At the centre of the therapeutic dilemma posed by cancer is the question of how to develop more effective treatments that discriminate between normal and cancerous tissues. Decades of research have shown us that universally applicable principles are rare, but two well-accepted concepts have emerged: first, that malignant transformation goes hand in hand with distinct changes in cellular metabolism; second, that the immune system is critical for tumour control and clearance. Unifying our understanding of tumour metabolism with immune cell function may prove to be a powerful approach in the development of more effective cancer therapies. Here, we explore how nutrient availability in the tumour microenvironment shapes immune responses and identify areas of intervention to modulate the metabolic constraints placed on immune cells in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O'Sullivan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David E Sanin
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany. .,University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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Dafni U, Michielin O, Lluesma SM, Tsourti Z, Polydoropoulou V, Karlis D, Besser MJ, Haanen J, Svane IM, Ohashi PS, Kammula US, Orcurto A, Zimmermann S, Trueb L, Klebanoff CA, Lotze MT, Kandalaft LE, Coukos G. Efficacy of adoptive therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and recombinant interleukin-2 in advanced cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1902-1913. [PMID: 31566658 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has been tested in advanced melanoma patients at various centers. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess its efficacy on previously treated advanced metastatic cutaneous melanoma. The PubMed electronic database was searched from inception to 17 December 2018 to identify studies administering TIL-ACT and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) following non-myeloablative chemotherapy in previously treated metastatic melanoma patients. Objective response rate (ORR) was the primary end point. Secondary end points were complete response rate (CRR), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR) and toxicity. Pooled estimates were derived from fixed or random effect models, depending on the amount of heterogeneity detected. Analysis was carried out separately for high dose (HD) and low dose (LD) IL-2. Sensitivity analyses were carried out. Among 1211 records screened, 13 studies (published 1988 - 2016) were eligible for meta-analysis. Among 410 heavily pretreated patients (some with brain metastasis), 332 received HD-IL-2 and 78 LD-IL-2. The pooled overall ORR estimate was 41% [95% confidence interval (CI) 35% to 48%], and the overall CRR was 12% (95% CI 7% to 16%). For the HD-IL-2 group, the ORR was 43% (95% CI 36% to 50%), while for the LD-IL-2 it was 35% (95% CI 25% to 45%). Corresponding pooled estimates for CRR were 14% (95% CI 7% to 20%) and 7% (95% CI 1% to 12%). The majority of HD-IL-2 complete responders (27/28) remained in remission during the extent of follow-up after CR (median 40 months). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Higher number of infused cells was associated with a favorable response. The ORR for HD-IL-2 compared favorably with the nivolumab/ipilimumab combination following anti-PD-1 failure. TIL-ACT therapy, especially when combined with HD-IL-2, achieves durable clinical benefit and warrants further investigation. We discuss the current position of TIL-ACT in the therapy of advanced melanoma, particularly in the era of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and review future opportunities for improvement of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Dafni
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - O Michielin
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Martin Lluesma
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z Tsourti
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens
| | - V Polydoropoulou
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens
| | - D Karlis
- Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | - M J Besser
- Ella Institute for the Treatment and Research of Melanoma and Skin Cancer, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Haanen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I-M Svane
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - P S Ohashi
- Department of Immunology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - U S Kammula
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh
| | - A Orcurto
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Zimmermann
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Trueb
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C A Klebanoff
- Center for Cell Engineering and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - M T Lotze
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - L E Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Coukos
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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45
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Mastelic-Gavillet B, Navarro Rodrigo B, Décombaz L, Wang H, Ercolano G, Ahmed R, Lozano LE, Ianaro A, Derré L, Valerio M, Tawadros T, Jichlinski P, Nguyen-Ngoc T, Speiser DE, Verdeil G, Gestermann N, Dormond O, Kandalaft L, Coukos G, Jandus C, Ménétrier-Caux C, Caux C, Ho PC, Romero P, Harari A, Vigano S. Adenosine mediates functional and metabolic suppression of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:257. [PMID: 31601268 PMCID: PMC6788118 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several mechanisms are present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to impair cytotoxic T cell responses potentially able to control tumor growth. Among these, the accumulation of adenosine (Ado) contributes to tumor progression and represents a promising immunotherapeutic target. Ado has been shown to impair T cell effector function, but the role and mechanisms employed by Ado/Ado receptors (AdoRs) in modulating human peripheral and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) function are still puzzling. Methods CD8+ T cell cytokine production following stimulation was quantified by intracellular staining and flow cytometry. The cytotoxic capacity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was quantified by the chromium release assay following co-culture with autologous or anti-CD3-loaded tumor cell lines. The CD8+ T cell metabolic fitness was evaluated by the seahorse assay and by the quantification of 2-NBDG uptake and CD71/CD98 upregulation upon stimulation. The expression of AdoRs was assessed by RNA flow cytometry, a recently developed technology that we validated by semiquantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), while the impact on T cell function was evaluated by the use of selective antagonists and agonists. The influence of Ado/AdoR on the PKA and mTOR pathways was evaluated by phosphoflow staining of p-CREB and p-S6, respectively, and validated by western blot. Results Here, we demonstrate that Ado signaling through the A2A receptor (A2AR) in human peripheral CD8+ T cells and TILs is responsible for the higher sensitivity to Ado-mediated suppression of T central memory cells. We confirmed that Ado is able to impair peripheral and tumor-expanded T cell effector functions, and we show for the first time its impact on metabolic fitness. The Ado-mediated immunosuppressive effects are mediated by increased PKA activation that results in impairment of the mTORC1 pathway. Conclusions Our findings unveil A2AR/PKA/mTORC1 as the main Ado signaling pathway impairing the immune competence of peripheral T cells and TILs. Thus, p-CREB and p-S6 may represent useful pharmacodynamic and efficacy biomarkers of immunotherapies targeting Ado. The effect of Ado on T cell metabolic fitness reinforces the importance of the adenosinergic pathway as a target for next-generation immunotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0719-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro Rodrigo
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Décombaz
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Ahmed
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laurent Derré
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Valerio
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Tawadros
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Jichlinski
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tu Nguyen-Ngoc
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lana Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Ménétrier-Caux
- Department of Immunology Virology and Inflammation, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France.,INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Department of Immunology Virology and Inflammation, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France.,INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Selena Vigano
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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46
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Li Y, Shen Y, Jin K, Wen Z, Cao W, Wu B, Wen R, Tian L, Berry GJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. The DNA Repair Nuclease MRE11A Functions as a Mitochondrial Protector and Prevents T Cell Pyroptosis and Tissue Inflammation. Cell Metab 2019; 30:477-492.e6. [PMID: 31327667 PMCID: PMC7093039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA), CD4+ T cells promote pro-inflammatory effector functions by shunting glucose away from glycolysis and ATP production. Underlying mechanisms remain unknown, and here we implicate the DNA repair nuclease MRE11A in the cells' bioenergetic failure. MRE11A deficiency in RA T cells disrupted mitochondrial oxygen consumption and suppressed ATP generation. Also, MRE11A loss of function caused leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytosol, triggering inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and pyroptotic cell death. Caspase-1 activation was frequent in lymph-node-residing T cells in RA patients. In vivo, pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of MRE11A resulted in tissue deposition of mtDNA, caspase-1 proteolysis, and aggressive tissue inflammation. Conversely, MRE11A overexpression restored mitochondrial fitness and shielded tissue from inflammatory attack. Thus, the nuclease MRE11A regulates a mitochondrial protection program, and MRE11A deficiency leads to DNA repair defects, energy production, and failure and loss of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Li
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ru Wen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jorg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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47
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Yu YR, Ho PC. Sculpting tumor microenvironment with immune system: from immunometabolism to immunoediting. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197:153-160. [PMID: 30873592 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy unleashing the power of host immunity on eliminating cancer cells represents a critical advance in cancer treatment; however, effective anti-tumor responses are largely dampened by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Emerging studies have revealed that physiological features in the TME, including glucose deprivation, hypoxia and low pH, established by the metabolically dysregulated cancer cells restrict anti-tumor immunity by impeding the metabolic fitness of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, infiltrating immunomodulatory cells with different metabolic preferences also facilitate the establishment of the immunosuppressive TME. Therefore, deciphering the metabolic cross-talk between immune cells and cancer cells in the TME and elucidating the impact of this process during tumorigenesis are needed to harness anti-tumor immunity more effectively. Herein, we summarize the immunosuppressive features of TME and how these features impair anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, we postulate how immune cells may be involved in shaping the metabolic features of cancer cells and discuss how we might improve the anti-tumor functions of tumor-specific T cells by rewiring their metabolic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-R Yu
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - P-C Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
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48
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Ajina R, Zamalin D, Weiner LM. Functional genomics: paving the way for more successful cancer immunotherapy. Brief Funct Genomics 2019; 18:86-98. [PMID: 29762641 PMCID: PMC6430032 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/ely017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. Immunotherapy is effective for the treatment of a wide range of cancer types and can mediate complete and durable tumor regression. Nonetheless, the field still faces many significant challenges, such as the need for personalized therapeutic strategies and better biomarkers, the difficulty of selecting the right combination therapy, and resistance to currently available immunotherapies. Both cancer and host immunity comprise significantly diverse and complex ecosystems, making immunogenomics an ideal field for functional genomics analysis. In this review, we describe the cancer-immunity cycle, how cancer cells manage to evade immune attack and the current hurdles in the path of cancer immunotherapy. Then, we discuss how functional genomics approaches can pave the way for more successful cancer immunotherapies.
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49
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Rodríguez-Alba JC, Abrego-Peredo A, Gallardo-Hernández C, Pérez-Lara J, Santiago-Cruz JW, Jiang JW, Espinosa E. HIV Disease Progression: Overexpression of the Ectoenzyme CD38 as a Contributory Factor? Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800128. [PMID: 30537007 PMCID: PMC6545924 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence associating CD38 overexpression and CD4 T cell depletion in HIV infection, no causal relation has been investigated. To address this issue, a series of mechanisms are proposed, supported by evidence from different fields, by which CD38 overexpression can facilitate CD4 T cell depletion in HIV infection. According to this model, increased catalytic activity of CD38 may reduce CD4 T cells' cytoplasmic nicotin-amide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), leading to a chronic Warburg effect. This will reduce mitochondrial function. Simultaneously, CD38's catalytic products ADPR and cADPR may be transported to the cytoplasm, where they can activate calcium channels and increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations, further altering mitochondrial integrity. These mechanisms will decrease the viability and regenerative capacity of CD4 T cells. These hypotheses can be tested experimentally, and might reveal novel therapeutic targets. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/k1LTyiTKPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Rodríguez-Alba
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - A. Abrego-Peredo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - C. Gallardo-Hernández
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - J. Pérez-Lara
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - J. W. Santiago-Cruz
- Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - J., W. Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA, 29425
| | - E. Espinosa
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
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50
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Long KB, Young RM, Boesteanu AC, Davis MM, Melenhorst JJ, Lacey SF, DeGaramo DA, Levine BL, Fraietta JA. CAR T Cell Therapy of Non-hematopoietic Malignancies: Detours on the Road to Clinical Success. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2740. [PMID: 30559740 PMCID: PMC6287001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells represent a breakthrough in personalized medicine. In this strategy, a patient's own T lymphocytes are genetically reprogrammed to encode a synthetic receptor that binds a tumor antigen, allowing T cells to recognize and kill antigen-expressing cancer cells. As a result of complete and durable responses in individuals who are refractory to standard of care therapy, CAR T cells directed against the CD19 protein have been granted United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a therapy for treatment of pediatric and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Human trials of CAR T cells targeting CD19 or B cell maturation antigen in multiple myeloma have also reported early successes. However, a clear and consistently reproducible demonstration of the clinical efficacy of CAR T cells in the setting of solid tumors has not been reported to date. Here, we review the history and status of CAR T cell therapy for solid tumors, potential T cell-intrinsic determinants of response and resistance as well as extrinsic obstacles to the success of this approach for much more prevalent non-hematopoietic malignancies. In addition, we summarize recent strategies and innovations that aim to augment the potency of CAR T cells in the face of multiple immunosuppressive barriers operative within the solid tumor microenvironment. Advances in the field of CAR T cell biology over the coming years in the areas of safety, reliability and efficacy against non-hematopoietic cancers will ultimately determine how transformative adoptive T cell therapy will be in the broader battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen B Long
- Department of Biology, Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA, United States
| | - Regina M Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alina C Boesteanu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Megan M Davis
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J Joseph Melenhorst
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David A DeGaramo
- Department of Biology, Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA, United States
| | - Bruce L Levine
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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