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Seetharaman A, Christopher V, Dhandapani H, Jayakumar H, Dhanushkodi M, Bhaskaran N, Rajaraman S, Ranganathan R, Sunder Singh S, Vijayakumar V, Rajamanickam A, Suri A, Jagadish N, Rajkumar T, Ramanathan P. Optimization and Validation of a Harmonized Protocol for Generating Therapeutic-Grade Dendritic Cells in a Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial, Using Two Varied Antigenic Sources. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:112. [PMID: 38400096 PMCID: PMC10892253 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Autologous dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is a cell-based advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) that was first introduced more than three decades ago. In the current study, our objective was to establish a harmonized protocol using two varied antigenic sources and a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant, manual method for generating clinical-grade DCs at a limited-resource academic setting. After obtaining ethical committee-approved informed consent, the recruited patients underwent leukapheresis, and single-batch DC production was carried out. Using responder-independent flow cytometric assays as quality control (QC) criteria, we propose a differentiation and maturation index (DI and MI, respectively), calculated with the QC cut-off and actual scores of each batch for comparison. Changes during cryopreservation and personnel variation were assessed periodically for up to two to three years. Using our harmonized batch production protocol, the average DI was 1.39 and MI was 1.25. Allogenic responder proliferation was observed in all patients, while IFN-gamma secretion, evaluated using flow cytometry, was detected in 10/36 patients and significantly correlated with CD8+ T cell proliferation (p value-0.0002). Tracking the viability and phenotype of cryopreserved MDCs showed a >90% viability for up to three years, while a mature DC phenotype was retained for up to one year. Our results confirm that the manual/semi-automated protocol was simple, consistent, and cost-effective, without the requirement for expensive equipment and without compromising on the quality of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Seetharaman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600036, India; (A.S.); (H.D.); (H.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.)
| | - Vasanth Christopher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600036, India;
| | - Hemavathi Dhandapani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600036, India; (A.S.); (H.D.); (H.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.)
| | - Hascitha Jayakumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600036, India; (A.S.); (H.D.); (H.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.)
| | - Manikandan Dhanushkodi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600036, India; (A.S.); (H.D.); (H.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.)
| | - Narmadha Bhaskaran
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600036, India;
| | - Swaminathan Rajaraman
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600036, India; (S.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Rama Ranganathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600036, India; (S.R.); (R.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Anil Suri
- National Institute of Immunology, Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.S.); (N.J.)
- Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sri Ram Cancer & Superspeciality Centre (SRCC), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur 302022, India
| | - Nirmala Jagadish
- National Institute of Immunology, Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.S.); (N.J.)
- Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sri Ram Cancer & Superspeciality Centre (SRCC), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur 302022, India
| | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600036, India; (A.S.); (H.D.); (H.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.)
- Research Oncology, Medgenome, Bangalore 560099, India
- IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Department of Nano sciences and Molecular Medicine, AIMS, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Priya Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600036, India; (A.S.); (H.D.); (H.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.)
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Ilan IS, Yslas AR, Peng Y, Lu R, Lee E. A 3D Human Lymphatic Vessel-on-Chip Reveals the Roles of Interstitial Flow and VEGF-A/C for Lymphatic Sprouting and Discontinuous Junction Formation. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:325-339. [PMID: 37811004 PMCID: PMC10550886 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lymphatic vessels (LVs) maintain fluid homeostasis by draining excess interstitial fluid, which is accomplished by two distinct LVs: initial LVs and collecting LVs. The interstitial fluid is first drained into the initial LVs through permeable "button-like" lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) junctions. Next, the drained fluid ("lymph") transports to lymph nodes through the collecting LVs with less permeable "zipper-like" junctions that minimize loss of lymph. Despite the significance of LEC junctions in lymphatic drainage and transport, it remains unclear how luminal or interstitial flow affects LEC junctions in vascular endothelial growth factors A and C (VEGF-A and VEGF-C) conditions. Moreover, it remains unclear how these flow and growth factor conditions impact lymphatic sprouting. Methods We developed a 3D human lymphatic vessel-on-chip that can generate four different flow conditions (no flow, luminal flow, interstitial flow, both luminal and interstitial flow) to allow an engineered, rudimentary LV to experience those flows and respond to them in VEGF-A/C. Results We examined LEC junction discontinuities, lymphatic sprouting, LEC junction thicknesses, and cell contractility-dependent vessel diameters in the four different flow conditions in VEGF-A/C. We discovered that interstitial flow in VEGF-C generates discontinuous LEC junctions that may be similar to the button-like junctions with no lymphatic sprouting. However, interstitial flow or both luminal and interstitial flow stimulated lymphatic sprouting in VEGF-A, maintaining zipper-like LEC junctions. LEC junction thickness and cell contractility-dependent vessel diameters were not changed by those conditions. Conclusions In this study, we provide an engineered lymphatic vessel platform that can generate four different flow regimes and reveal the roles of interstitial flow and VEGF-A/C for lymphatic sprouting and discontinuous junction formation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-023-00780-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle S. Ilan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Aria R. Yslas
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Yansong Peng
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Renhao Lu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, 302 Weill Hall, 237 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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Wilting J, Becker J. The lymphatic vascular system: much more than just a sewer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:157. [PMID: 36109802 PMCID: PMC9476376 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 400 years after the (re)discovery of the lymphatic vascular system (LVS) by Gaspare Aselli (Asellius G. De lactibus, sive lacteis venis, quarto vasorum mesaraicorum genere, novo invento Gasparis Asellii Cremo. Dissertatio. (MDCXXIIX), Milan; 1628.), structure, function, development and evolution of this so-called 'second' vascular system are still enigmatic. Interest in the LVS was low because it was (and is) hardly visible, and its diseases are not as life-threatening as those of the blood vascular system. It is not uncommon for patients with lymphedema to be told that yes, they can live with it. Usually, the functions of the LVS are discussed in terms of fluid homeostasis, uptake of chylomicrons from the gut, and immune cell circulation. However, the broad molecular equipment of lymphatic endothelial cells suggests that they possess many more functions, which are also reflected in the pathophysiology of the system. With some specific exceptions, lymphatics develop in all organs. Although basic structure and function are the same regardless their position in the body wall or the internal organs, there are important site-specific characteristics. We discuss common structure and function of lymphatics; and point to important functions for hyaluronan turn-over, salt balance, coagulation, extracellular matrix production, adipose tissue development and potential appetite regulation, and the influence of hypoxia on the regulation of these functions. Differences with respect to the embryonic origin and molecular equipment between somatic and splanchnic lymphatics are discussed with a side-view on the phylogeny of the LVS. The functions of the lymphatic vasculature are much broader than generally thought, and lymphatic research will have many interesting and surprising aspects to offer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Hypoxia orchestrates the lymphovascular–immune ensemble in cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:771-784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kolarzyk AM, Wong G, Lee E. Lymphatic Tissue and Organ Engineering for In Vitro Modeling and In Vivo Regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a041169. [PMID: 35288402 PMCID: PMC9435571 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has an important role in maintaining fluid homeostasis and transporting immune cells and biomolecules, such as dietary fat, metabolic products, and antigens in different organs and tissues. Therefore, impaired lymphatic vessel function and/or lymphatic vessel deficiency can lead to numerous human diseases. The discovery of lymphatic endothelial markers and prolymphangiogenic growth factors, along with a growing number of in vitro and in vivo models and technologies has expedited research in lymphatic tissue and organ engineering, advancing therapeutic strategies. In this article, we describe lymphatic tissue and organ engineering in two- and three-dimensional culture systems and recently developed microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip systems in vitro. Next, we discuss advances in lymphatic tissue and organ engineering in vivo, focusing on biomaterial and scaffold engineering and their applications for lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organ regeneration. Last, we provide expert perspective and prospects in the field of lymphatic tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Kolarzyk
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences PhD Program, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Gigi Wong
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences PhD Program, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Friess MC, Kritikos I, Schineis P, Medina-Sanchez JD, Gkountidi AO, Vallone A, Sigmund EC, Schwitter C, Vranova M, Matti C, Arasa J, Saygili Demir C, Bovay E, Proulx ST, Tomura M, Rot A, Legler DF, Petrova TV, Halin C. Mechanosensitive ACKR4 scavenges CCR7 chemokines to facilitate T cell de-adhesion and passive transport by flow in inflamed afferent lymphatics. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110334. [PMID: 35108538 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell migration via afferent lymphatics to draining lymph nodes (dLNs) depends on expression of CCR7 in T cells and CCL21 in the lymphatic vasculature. Once T cells have entered lymphatic capillaries, they slowly migrate into contracting collecting vessels. Here, lymph flow picks up, inducing T cell detachment and rapid transport to the dLNs. We find that the atypical chemokine receptor 4 (ACKR4), which binds and internalizes CCL19 and CCL21, is induced by lymph flow in endothelial cells lining lymphatic collectors, enabling them to scavenge these chemokines. In the absence of ACKR4, migration of T cells to dLNs in TPA-induced inflammation is significantly reduced. While entry into capillaries is not impaired, T cells accumulate in the ACKR4-deficient dermal collecting vessel segments. Overall, our findings identify an ACKR4-mediated mechanism by which lymphatic collectors facilitate the detachment of lymph-borne T cells in inflammation and their transition from crawling to free-flow toward the dLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona C Friess
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Kritikos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schineis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Angela Vallone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena C Sigmund
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corina Schwitter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Vranova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Matti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Arasa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cansaran Saygili Demir
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Esther Bovay
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Steven T Proulx
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Antal Rot
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University London, London, UK; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland; Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Geisshüsler S, Schineis P, Langer L, Wäckerle-Men Y, Leroux JC, Halin C, Vogel-Kindgen S, Johansen P, Gander B. Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin‐Based Nanoparticulate Vaccines Can Trigger T‐Cell Immune Responses. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Geisshüsler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schineis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lara Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ying Wäckerle-Men
- Department of Dermatology University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich Gloriastrasse 31 8091 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sarah Vogel-Kindgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich Gloriastrasse 31 8091 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bruno Gander
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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Chen JM, Luo B, Ma R, Luo XX, Chen YS, Li Y. Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010004. [PMID: 35054174 PMCID: PMC8774380 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis via lymphatic vessels or blood vessels is the leading cause of death for breast cancer, and lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis are critical prerequisites for the tumor invasion–metastasis cascade. The research progress for tumor lymphangiogenesis has tended to lag behind that for angiogenesis due to the lack of specific markers. With the discovery of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers, growing evidence demonstrates that the LEC plays an active role in lymphatic formation and remodeling, tumor cell growth, invasion and intravasation, tumor–microenvironment remodeling, and antitumor immunity. However, some studies have drawn controversial conclusions due to the variation in the LEC markers and lymphangiogenesis assessments used. In this study, we review recent findings on tumor lymphangiogenesis, the most commonly used LEC markers, and parameters for lymphangiogenesis assessments, such as the lymphatic vessel density and lymphatic vessel invasion in human breast cancer. An in-depth understanding of tumor lymphangiogenesis and LEC markers can help to illustrate the mechanisms and distinct roles of lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer progression, which will help in exploring novel potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Chen
- Center of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (J.-M.C.); (X.-X.L.)
| | - Bo Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China;
| | - Ru Ma
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China;
| | - Xi-Xi Luo
- Center of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (J.-M.C.); (X.-X.L.)
| | - Yong-Shun Chen
- Center of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (J.-M.C.); (X.-X.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.C.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-027-88048911 (Y.-S.C.); +86-010-63926525 (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China;
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.C.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-027-88048911 (Y.-S.C.); +86-010-63926525 (Y.L.)
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Collado-Diaz V, Medina-Sanchez JD, Gkountidi AO, Halin C. Imaging leukocyte migration through afferent lymphatics. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:43-57. [PMID: 34708414 PMCID: PMC9298274 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Afferent lymphatics mediate the transport of antigen and leukocytes, especially of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes (dLNs). As such they play important roles in the induction and regulation of adaptive immunity. Over the past 15 years, great advances in our understanding of leukocyte trafficking through afferent lymphatics have been made through time‐lapse imaging studies performed in tissue explants and in vivo, allowing to visualize this process with cellular resolution. Intravital imaging has revealed that intralymphatic leukocytes continue to actively migrate once they have entered into lymphatic capillaries, as a consequence of the low flow conditions present in this compartment. In fact, leukocytes spend considerable time migrating, patrolling and interacting with the lymphatic endothelium or with other intralymphatic leukocytes within lymphatic capillaries. Cells typically only start to detach once they arrive in downstream‐located collecting vessels, where vessel contractions contribute to enhanced lymph flow. In this review, we will introduce the biology of afferent lymphatic vessels and report on the presumed significance of DC and T cell migration via this route. We will specifically highlight how time‐lapse imaging has contributed to the current model of lymphatic trafficking and the emerging notion that ‐ besides transport – lymphatic capillaries exert additional roles in immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Henderson AR, Ilan IS, Lee E. A bioengineered lymphatic vessel model for studying lymphatic endothelial cell-cell junction and barrier function. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12730. [PMID: 34569678 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphatic vessels (LVs) maintain fluid homeostasis by draining interstitial fluid. A failure in lymphatic drainage triggers lymphatic diseases such as lymphedema. Since lymphatic drainage is regulated by lymphatic barrier function, developing experimental models that assess lymphatic barrier function is critical for better understanding of lymphatic physiology and disease. METHODS We built a lymphatic vessel-on-chip (LV-on-chip) by fabricating a microfluidic device that includes a hollow microchannel embedded in three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel. Employing luminal flow in the microchannel, human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) seeded in the microchannel formed an engineered LV exhibiting 3D conduit structure. RESULTS Lymphatic endothelial cells formed relatively permeable junctions in 3D collagen 1. However, adding fibronectin to the collagen 1 apparently tightened LEC junctions. We tested lymphatic barrier function by introducing dextran into LV lumens. While LECs in collagen 1 showed permeable barriers, LECs in fibronectin/collagen 1 showed reduced permeability, which was reversed by integrin α5 inhibition. Mechanistically, LECs expressed inactivated integrin α5 in collagen 1. However, integrin α5 is activated in fibronectin and enhances barrier function. Integrin α5 activation itself also tightened LEC junctions in the absence of fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS Lymphatic vessel-on-chip reveals integrin α5 as a regulator of lymphatic barrier function and provides a platform for studying lymphatic barrier function in various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria R Henderson
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Isabelle S Ilan
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Huang FY, Wang JY, Dai SZ, Lin YY, Sun Y, Zhang L, Lu Z, Cao R, Tan GH. A recombinant oncolytic Newcastle virus expressing MIP-3α promotes systemic antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000330. [PMID: 32759233 PMCID: PMC7410001 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is inherently able to trigger the lysis of tumor cells and induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and is also an excellent gene-engineering vector. The macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) is a specific chemokine for dendritic cells (DCs). Thus, we constructed a recombinant NDV expressing MIP-3α (NDV-MIP3α) as an in vivo DC vaccine for amplifying antitumor immunities. METHODS The recombinant NDV-MIP3α was constructed by the insertion of MIP-3α cDNA between the P and M genes. Western blotting assay and ELISA were used to detect MIP-3α, HMGB1, IgG, and ATP in the supernatant and sera. The chemotaxis of DCs was examined by Transwell chambers. The phenotypes of the immune cells (eg, DCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The antitumor efficiency of NDV-MIP3α was observed in B16 and CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were applied to observe the ecto-calreticulin (CRT) and intratumoral attraction of DCs. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes and antibodies and depletion of T-cell subsets were used to evaluate the relationship between antitumor immunities and the role of the T-cell subtype. RESULTS The findings show that NDV-MIP3α has almost the same capabilities of tumor lysis and induction of ICD as the wild-type NDV (NDV-WT). MIP-3α secreted by NDV-MIP3α could successfully attract DCs in vitro and in vivo. Both B16 and CT26 cells infected with NDV-MIP3α could strongly promote DC maturation and activation. Compared with NDV-WT, intratumoral injection of NDV-MIP3α and the adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes from mice injected with NDV-MIP3α resulted in a significant suppression of B16 and CT26 tumor growth. The NDV-MIP3α-induced production of tumor-specific cellular and humoral immune responses was dependent on CD8+ T cells and partially on CD4+ T cells. A significant reversion of tumor microenvironments was found in the mice injected with NDV-MIP3α. CONCLUSIONS Compared with NDV-WT, the recombinant NDV-MIP3α as an in vivo DC vaccine demonstrates enhanced antitumor activities through the induction of stronger system immunities and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. This strategy may be a potential approach for the generation of an in vivo DC vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhuoxuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Guang-Hong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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12
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Ives A, Le Roy D, Théroude C, Bernhagen J, Roger T, Calandra T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes the migration of dendritic cells through CD74 and the activation of the Src/PI3K/myosin II pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21418. [PMID: 33774873 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001605r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively expressed by innate immune cells, the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) initiates host immune responses and drives pathogenic responses in infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) express high levels of MIF, but the role of MIF in DC function remains poorly characterized. As migration is critical for DC immune surveillance, we investigated whether MIF promoted the migration of DCs. In classical transwell experiments, MIF-/- bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) or MIF+/+ BMDCs treated with ISO-1, an inhibitor of MIF, showed markedly reduced spontaneous migration and chemotaxis. CD74-/- BMDCs that are deficient in the ligand-binding component of the cognate MIF receptor exhibited a migration defect similar to that of MIF-/- BMDCs. Adoptive transfer experiments of LPS-matured MIF+/+ and MIF-/- and of CD74+/+ and CD74-/- BMDCs injected into the hind footpads of homologous or heterologous mice showed that the autocrine and paracrine MIF activity acting via CD74 contributed to the recruitment of DCs to the draining lymph nodes. Mechanistically, MIF activated the Src/PI3K signaling pathway and myosin II complexes, which were required for the migration of BMDCs. Altogether, these data show that the cytokine MIF exerts chemokine-like activity for DC motility and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Ives
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Théroude
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Calandra
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Sim JH, Ambler WG, Sollohub IF, Howlader MJ, Li TM, Lee HJ, Lu TT. Immune Cell-Stromal Circuitry in Lupus Photosensitivity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:302-309. [PMID: 33397744 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitivity is a sensitivity to UV radiation (UVR) commonly found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who have cutaneous disease. Upon even ambient UVR exposure, patients can develop inflammatory skin lesions that can reduce the quality of life. Additionally, UVR-exposed skin lesions can be associated with systemic disease flares marked by rising autoantibody titers and worsening kidney disease. Why SLE patients are photosensitive and how skin sensitivity leads to systemic disease flares are not well understood, and treatment options are limited. In recent years, the importance of immune cell-stromal interactions in tissue function and maintenance is being increasingly recognized. In this review, we discuss SLE as an anatomic circuit and review recent findings in the pathogenesis of photosensitivity with a focus on immune cell-stromal circuitry in tissue health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Sim
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - William G Ambler
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021.,Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Isabel F Sollohub
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Mir J Howlader
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021.,Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Thomas M Li
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Henry J Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Theresa T Lu
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
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14
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Riedel JH, Turner JE, Panzer U. T helper cell trafficking in autoimmune kidney diseases. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:281-292. [PMID: 33598825 PMCID: PMC8523400 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are key drivers of autoimmune diseases, including crescentic GN. Many effector mechanisms employed by T cells to mediate renal damage and repair, such as local cytokine production, depend on their presence at the site of inflammation. Therefore, the mechanisms regulating the renal CD4+ T cell infiltrate are of central importance. From a conceptual point of view, there are four distinct factors that can regulate the abundance of T cells in the kidney: (1) T cell infiltration, (2) T cell proliferation, (3) T cell death and (4) T cell retention/egress. While a substantial amount of data on the recruitment of T cells to the kidneys in crescentic GN have accumulated over the last decade, the roles of T cell proliferation and death in the kidney in crescentic GN is less well characterized. However, the findings from the data available so far do not indicate a major role of these processes. More importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying both egress and retention of T cells from/in peripheral tissues, such as the kidney, are unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge of mechanisms and functions of T cell migration in renal autoimmune diseases with a special focus on chemokines and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Riedel
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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15
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Schineis P, Kotkowska ZK, Vogel-Kindgen S, Friess MC, Theisen M, Schwyter D, Hausammann L, Subedi S, Varypataki EM, Waeckerle-Men Y, Kolm I, Kündig TM, Høgset A, Gander B, Halin C, Johansen P. Photochemical internalization (PCI)-mediated activation of CD8 T cells involves antigen uptake and CCR7-mediated transport by migratory dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes. J Control Release 2021; 332:96-108. [PMID: 33609623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antigen cross-presentation to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells is crucial for the induction of anti-tumor and anti-viral immune responses. Recently, co-encapsulation of photosensitizers and antigens into microspheres and subsequent photochemical internalization (PCI) of antigens in antigen presenting cells has emerged as a promising new strategy for inducing antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact cellular mechanisms have hardly been investigated in vivo, i.e., which cell types take up antigen-loaded microspheres at the site of injection, or in which secondary lymphoid organ does T cell priming occur? We used spray-dried poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres loaded with ovalbumin and the photosensitizer tetraphenyl chlorine disulfonate (TPCS2a) to investigate these processes in vivo. Intravital microscopy and flow cytometric analysis of the murine ear skin revealed that dendritic cells (DCs) take up PLGA microspheres in peripheral tissues. Illumination then caused photoactivation of TPCS2a and induced local tissue inflammation that enhanced CCR7-dependent migration of microsphere-containing DCs to tissue-draining lymph nodes (LNs), i.e., the site of CD8+ T cell priming. The results contribute to a better understanding of the functional mechanism of PCI-mediated vaccination and highlight the importance of an active transport of vaccine microspheres by antigen presenting cells to draining LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schineis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzanna K Kotkowska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Vogel-Kindgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mona C Friess
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martine Theisen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Schwyter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucy Hausammann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saurav Subedi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleni M Varypataki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ying Waeckerle-Men
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anders Høgset
- PCI Biotech AS, Ullernchauséen 64, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bruno Gander
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Miccoli A, Picchietti S, Fausto AM, Scapigliati G. Evolution of immune defence responses as incremental layers among Metazoa. EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1849435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Miccoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università Snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - S. Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università Snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A. M. Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università Snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - G. Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università Snc, Viterbo, Italy
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17
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Koh WH, Lopez P, Ajibola O, Parvarchian R, Mohammad U, Hnatiuk R, Kindrachuk J, Murooka TT. HIV-Captured DCs Regulate T Cell Migration and Cell-Cell Contact Dynamics to Enhance Viral Spread. iScience 2020; 23:101427. [PMID: 32798973 PMCID: PMC7452485 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of cell-associated HIV-1 from the genital mucosa to lymphoid organs represents a critical first step toward systemic infection. Mature DCs capture and transmit HIV-1 to T cells, but insights into DC-to-T cell viral spread dynamics within a 3-dimensional environment is lacking. Using live-cell imaging, we show that mature DCs rapidly compartmentalize HIV-1 within surface-accessible invaginations near the uropod. HIV-1 capture did not interfere with DC migration toward lymph node homing chemo-attractants and their ability to enter lymphatic vessels. However, HIV-captured DCs engaged in prolonged contacts with autologous CD4+ T cells, which led to high T cell infection. Interestingly, we show that surface bound, virion-associated Env induced signal transduction in motile T cells that facilitated prolonged DC:T cell interactions, partially through high-affinity LFA-1 expression. Together, we describe a mechanism by which surface bound HIV-1 particles function as signaling receptors that regulate T cell motility, cell-cell contact dynamics, and productive infection. Mature DCs compartmentalize HIV particles near the uropodia via Siglec-1 receptor HIV-captured DCs respond to lymph node-homing chemokines and access lymphatics Prolonged contacts between HIV-captured DCs and CD4 T cells facilitate virus transfer Surface-accessible HIV particles can induce T cell signaling via Env:CD4 engagement
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hon Koh
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Paul Lopez
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Roshan Parvarchian
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Umar Mohammad
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ryan Hnatiuk
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada.
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18
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Wilke CA, Chadwick MM, Chan PR, Moore BB, Zhou X. Stem cell transplantation impairs dendritic cell trafficking and herpesvirus immunity. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130210. [PMID: 31479426 PMCID: PMC6795288 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are at high risk of infection, which accounts for one-third of all deaths related to stem cell transplantation. Little is known about the cause of inferior host defense after immune cell reconstitution. Here, we exploited a murine syngeneic BM transplantation (BMT) model of late infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) to determine the role of conventional DC (cDC) trafficking in adaptive immunity in BMT mice. After infection, the expression of chemokine Ccl21 in the lung is reduced and the migration of cDCs into lung draining lymph nodes (dLNs) is impaired in BMT mice, limiting the opportunity for cDCs to prime Th cells in the dLNs. While cDC subsets are redundant in priming Th1 cells, Notch2 functions in cDC2s are required for priming increased Th17 responses in BMT mice, and cDC1s can lessen this activity. Importantly, Th17 cells can be primed both in the lungs and dLNs, allowing for increased Th17 responses without optimum cDC trafficking in BMT mice. Taken together, impaired cDC trafficking in BMT mice reduces protective Th1 responses and allows increased pathogenic Th17 responses. Thus, we have revealed a previously unknown mechanism for BMT procedures to cause long-term inferior immune responses to herpes viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A. Wilke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mathew M. Chadwick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul R. Chan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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Ma GG, Shi B, Zhang XP, Qiu Y, Tu GW, Luo Z. The pathways and mechanisms of muramyl dipeptide transcellular transport mediated by PepT1 in enterogenous infection. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:473. [PMID: 31700909 PMCID: PMC6803211 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcellular transport of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) mediated by peptide transporter (PepT1) involves the translocation into intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) stage and the transport out of IEC stage. However, its mechanism has not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the pathways and mechanisms of MDP transcellular transport in enterogenous infection. METHODS Firstly, experimental rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation (sham group), MDP perfusion (MDP group), and PepT1 competitive inhibition (MDP + Gly-Gly group). Then, the overall survival (OS) and intestinal weight were measured in MDP and MDP + Gly-Gly group. HE staining was performed to observe the pathological changes of the small intestine. The levels of IL-6, IL-1b, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and nitric oxide (NO) in rat serum and small intestine were determined by ELISA. To further verify the pathways and mechanisms of MDP transcellular transport from IEC in intestinal inflammatory damage, the NFκB inhibitor, PDTC, was used to treated lamina propria macrophages in small intestinal mucosa in sham, MDP, and MDP + Gly-Gly groups. Finally, the expression of CD80/86 and the antigen presentation of dendritic cells (DCs) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS MDP infusion was able to induce death, weight loss, and intestinal pathological injury in rats. Competitive binding of Gly-Gly to PepT1 effectively inhibited these effects induced by MDP. As well, competitive of PepT1 by Gly-Gly inhibited inflammation-related cytokines induced by MDP in rat serum and small intestine. Furthermore, we also found that MDP transported by PepT1 contributes to activation of macrophages and antigen presentation of DCs. CONCLUSIONS PepT1-NFκB signal is pivotal for activation of intestinal inflammatory response and MDP transcellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Guang Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xue-Peng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Wei Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhe Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen 361015, China
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20
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Abstract
Lymphatic vessels collect interstitial fluid that has extravasated from blood vessels and return it to the circulatory system. Another important function of the lymphatic network is to facilitate immune cell migration and antigen transport from the periphery to draining lymph nodes. This migration plays a crucial role in immune surveillance, initiation of immune responses and tolerance. Here we discuss the significance and mechanisms of lymphatic migration of innate and adaptive immune cells in homeostasis, inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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21
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Huang WZ, Hu WH, Wang Y, Chen J, Hu ZQ, Zhou J, Liu L, Qiu W, Tang FZ, Zhang SC, Ouyang Y, Ye YN, Xu GQ, Long JH, Zeng Z. A Mathematical Modelling of Initiation of Dendritic Cells-Induced T Cell Immune Response. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1396-1403. [PMID: 31337970 PMCID: PMC6643141 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent specialized antigen-presenting cells as now known, which play a crucial role in initiating and amplifying both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Immunologically, the motilities and T cell activation capabilities of DCs are closely related to the resulting immune responses. However, due to the complexity of the immune system, the dynamic changes in the number of cells during the peripheral tissue (e.g. skin and mucosa) immune response induced by DCs are still poorly understood. Therefore, this study simulated dynamic number changes of DCs and T cells in this process by constructing several ordinary differential equations and setting the initial conditions of the functions and parameters. The results showed that these equations could simulate dynamic numerical changes of DCs and T cells in peripheral tissue and lymph node, which was in accordance with the physiological conditions such as the duration of immune response, the proliferation rates and the motilities of DCs and T cells. This model provided a theoretical reference for studying the immunologic functions of DCs and practical guidance for the clinical DCs-based therapy against immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-zhu Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Wen-hui Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zu-quan Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Fu-zhou Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Shi-chao Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-nong Ye
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Guo-qiang Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jin-hua Long
- Department of Head & Neck, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, P.R. China
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22
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Guo Z, Tao Y, Yin S, Song Y, Lu X, Li X, Fan Y, Fan X, Xu S, Yang J, Yu Y. The transcription factor Foxp1 regulates the differentiation and function of dendritic cells. Mech Dev 2019; 158:103554. [PMID: 31077741 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the sentinels of the immune system and play a critical role in initiating adaptive immune responses against pathogens. As the most powerful antigen presenting cells, DCs are also important in maintaining immune homeostasis and participating in the development of autoimmune diseases. How the maturation and function of DCs is regulated in these conditions and what is the function of various transcription factors is still unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of the transcription factor Foxp1 gradually increased during the maturation of DCs. Then, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus carrying Foxp1-interfering RNA (Ad-simFoxp1) and transfected murine bone marrow-derived DCs in vitro. DCs transfected with Ad-simFoxp1 exhibited markedly lower costimulatory molecules, and decreased cytokines. And Ad-simFoxp1 greatly inhibited mature DC-induced T cell responses. Moreover, in vivo infusion with Ad-simFoxp1-modified DCs significantly delayed the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Therefore, adoptive transfection of Ad-simFoxp1 in DCs may be a potential treatment strategy against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulei Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Song
- Department of Endocrine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Endocrine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Endocrine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- Department of Endocrine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Department of Endocrine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jialin Yang
- Department of Endocrine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yizhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Willrodt AH, Salabarria AC, Schineis P, Ignatova D, Hunter MC, Vranova M, Golding-Ochsenbein AM, Sigmund E, Romagna A, Strassberger V, Fabbi M, Ferrini S, Cursiefen C, Neri D, Guenova E, Bock F, Halin C. ALCAM Mediates DC Migration Through Afferent Lymphatics and Promotes Allospecific Immune Reactions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:759. [PMID: 31031759 PMCID: PMC6473055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, CD166) is a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily and has been implicated in diverse pathophysiological processes including T cell activation, leukocyte trafficking, and (lymph)angiogenesis. However, exploring the therapeutic potential of ALCAM blockade in immune-mediated inflammatory disorders has been difficult due to the lack of antibodies with blocking activity toward murine ALCAM. In this study, we identified and characterized a monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity for murine ALCAM. This antibody reduced in vitro T cell activation induced by antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) as well as (trans)migration of murine DCs across lymphatic endothelial monolayers. Moreover, it reduced emigration of DCs from in vitro-cultured human skin biopsies. Similarly, antibody-based blockade of ALCAM reduced (lymph)angiogenic processes in vitro and decreased developmental lymphangiogenesis in vivo to levels observed in ALCAM-deficient mice. Since corneal allograft rejection is an important medical condition that also involves (lymph)angiogenesis, DC migration and T cell activation, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ALCAM blockade in murine corneal disease. Blocking ALCAM lead to DC retention in corneas and effectively prevented corneal allograft rejection. Considering that we also detected ALCAM expression in human corneal DCs and lymphatics, our findings identify ALCAM as a potential novel therapeutic target in human corneal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Schineis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Desislava Ignatova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Martina Vranova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elena Sigmund
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annatina Romagna
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marina Fabbi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dario Neri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Hunter MC, Teijeira A, Montecchi R, Russo E, Runge P, Kiefer F, Halin C. Dendritic Cells and T Cells Interact Within Murine Afferent Lymphatic Capillaries. Front Immunol 2019; 10:520. [PMID: 30967863 PMCID: PMC6440485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Afferent lymphatic vessels contribute to immunity by transporting antigen and leukocytes to draining lymph nodes (LNs) and are emerging as new players in the regulation of peripheral tolerance. Performing intravital microscopy in inflamed murine ear skin we found that migrating dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen-experienced effector T cells spend considerable time arresting or clustering within afferent lymphatic capillaries. We also observed that intralymphatic T cells frequently interacted with DCs. When imaging polyclonal T cells during an ongoing contact-hypersensitivity response, most intralymphatic DC-T cell interactions were short-lived. Conversely, during a delayed-type-hypersensitivity response, cognate antigen-bearing DCs engaged in long-lived MHCII-(I-A/I-E)-dependent interactions with antigen-specific T cells. Long-lived intralymphatic DC-T cell interactions reduced the speed of DC crawling but did not delay overall DC migration to draining LNs. While further consequences of these intralymphatic interactions still need to be explored, our findings suggest that lymphatic capillaries represent a unique compartment in which adaptive immune interaction and modulation occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Erica Russo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Runge
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging - EIMI, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Jackson DG. Leucocyte Trafficking via the Lymphatic Vasculature- Mechanisms and Consequences. Front Immunol 2019; 10:471. [PMID: 30923528 PMCID: PMC6426755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatics fulfill a vital physiological function as the conduits through which leucocytes traffic between the tissues and draining lymph nodes for the initiation and modulation of immune responses. However, until recently many of the molecular mechanisms controlling such migration have been unclear. As a result of careful research, it is now apparent that the process is regulated at multiple stages from initial leucocyte entry and intraluminal crawling in peripheral tissue lymphatics, through to leucocyte exit in draining lymph nodes where the migrating cells either participate in immune responses or return to the circulation via efferent lymph. Furthermore, it is increasingly evident that most if not all leucocyte populations migrate in lymph and that such migration is not only important for immune modulation, but also for the timely repair and resolution of tissue inflammation. In this article, I review the latest research findings in these areas, arising from new insights into the distinctive ultrastructure of lymphatic capillaries and lymph node sinuses. Accordingly, I highlight the emerging importance of the leucocyte glycocalyx and its novel interactions with the endothelial receptor LYVE-1, the intricacies of endothelial chemokine secretion and sequestration that direct leucocyte trafficking and the significance of the process for normal immune function and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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26
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Evans M, Baddour HM, Magliocca KR, Müller S, Nannapaneni S, Chen AY, Kim S, Chen Z, Shin DM, Wang AY, Saba NF, Chen ZG. Prognostic implications of peritumoral vasculature in head and neck cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 8:147-154. [PMID: 30575303 PMCID: PMC6346230 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is conflicting evidence regarding the role of peritumoral lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and blood microvessel density (MVD) in the metastasis and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Existing studies are limited to one or two head and neck subsites and/or small sample sizes. A larger study incorporating multiple sub-sites is needed to address the role of peritumoral LVD and MVD in HNSCC metastasis and prognosis. METHODS Tissue samples from 200 HNSCC cases were stained simultaneously using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for markers of peritumoral LVD (lymphatic vessel marker D240) and MVD (blood vessel marker CD31). Of the stained slides, 166 and 167 were evaluable for LVD and MVD, respectively. The results were then correlated with clinicopathologic features and patient outcomes. RESULTS Patients with metastatic disease were more likely to have high peritumoral MVD. Through multivariable analyses, MVD was not significantly related to DFS and OS, while low LVD was related to higher risk of disease progression and poor survival. CONCLUSIONS Peritumoral MVD was found to be positively associated with metastasis, while LVD was found to be inversely related to both metastasis and progression of HNSCC. These findings may suggest a prognostic role of both peritumoral LVD and MVD in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Evans
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Harry Michael Baddour
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan Müller
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sreenivas Nannapaneni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amy Y Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sunjin Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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27
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Maimela NR, Liu S, Zhang Y. Fates of CD8+ T cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 17:1-13. [PMID: 30581539 PMCID: PMC6297055 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported a positive correlation between elevated CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and good prognosis in cancer. However, the mechanisms linking T cell tumor-infiltration and tumor rejection are yet to be fully understood. The cells and factors of the TME facilitate tumor development in various ways. CD8+ T cell function is influenced by a number of factors, including CD8+ T cell trafficking and localization into tumor sites; as well as CD8+ T cell growth and differentiation. This review highlights recent literature as well as currently evolving concepts regarding the fates of CD8+ T cells in the TME from three different aspects CD8+ T cell trafficking, differentiation and function. A thorough understanding of factors contributing to the fates of CD8+ T cells will allow researchers to develop new strategies and improve on already existing strategies to facilitate CD8+ T cell mediated anti-tumor function, impede T cell dysfunction and modulate the TME into a less immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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28
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Hammerschmidt SI, Werth K, Rothe M, Galla M, Permanyer M, Patzer GE, Bubke A, Frenk DN, Selich A, Lange L, Schambach A, Bošnjak B, Förster R. CRISPR/Cas9 Immunoengineering of Hoxb8-Immortalized Progenitor Cells for Revealing CCR7-Mediated Dendritic Cell Signaling and Migration Mechanisms in vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1949. [PMID: 30210501 PMCID: PMC6120996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To present antigens to cognate T cells, dendritic cells (DCs) exploit the chemokine receptor CCR7 to travel from peripheral tissue via afferent lymphatic vessels to directly enter draining lymph nodes through the floor of the subcapsular sinus. Here, we combined unlimited proliferative capacity of conditionally Hoxb8-immortalized hematopoietic progenitor cells with CRISPR/Cas9 technology to create a powerful experimental system to investigate DC migration and function. Hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow of Cas9-transgenic mice were conditionally immortalized by lentiviral transduction introducing a doxycycline-regulated form of the transcription factor Hoxb8 (Cas9-Hoxb8 cells). These cells could be stably cultured for weeks in the presence of doxycycline and puromycin, allowing us to introduce additional genetic modifications applying CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Importantly, modified Cas9-Hoxb8 cells retained their potential to differentiate in vitro into myeloid cells, and GM-CSF-differentiated Cas9-Hoxb8 cells showed the classical phenotype of GM-CSF-differentiated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Following intralymphatic delivery Cas9-Hoxb8 DCs entered the lymph node in a CCR7-dependent manner. Finally, we used two-photon microscopy and imaged Cas9-Hoxb8 DCs that expressed the genetic Ca2+ sensor GCaMP6S to visualize in real-time chemokine-induced Ca2+ signaling of lymph-derived DCs entering the LN parenchyma. Altogether, our study not only allows mechanistic insights in DC migration in vivo, but also provides a platform for the immunoengineering of DCs that, in combination with two-photon imaging, can be exploited to further dissect DC dynamics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Werth
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Permanyer
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - David N. Frenk
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anton Selich
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Berislav Bošnjak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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29
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Presta M, Sozzani S. Editorial overview: Lymphatic vessels: More than a draining pipeline. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 53:vii-ix. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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