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Feng K, Wang G, Wang S, Ma J, Wu H, Ma M, Zhang Y. Breaking the pH Limitation of Nanozymes: Mechanisms, Methods, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401619. [PMID: 38615261 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Although nanozymes have drawn great attention over the past decade, the activities of peroxidase-like, oxidase-like, and catalase-like nanozymes are often pH dependent with elusive mechanism, which largely restricts their application. Therefore, a systematical discussion on the pH-related catalytic mechanisms of nanozymes together with the methods to overcome this limitation is in need. In this review, various nanozymes exhibiting pH-dependent catalytic activities are collected and the root causes for their pH dependence are comprehensively analyzed. Subsequently, regulatory concepts including catalytic environment reconstruction and direct catalytic activity improvement to break this pH restriction are summarized. Moreover, applications of pH-independent nanozymes in sensing, disease therapy, and pollutant degradation are overviewed. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities on the development of pH-independent nanozymes are suggested. It is anticipated that this review will promote the further design of pH-independent nanozymes and broaden their application range with higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Guancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Haoan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
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Phan-Xuan T, Breitung B, Dailey LA. Nanozymes for biomedical applications: Multi-metallic systems may improve activity but at the cost of higher toxicity? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1981. [PMID: 39044339 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanozymes are nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like activity with selected advantages over native enzymes such as simple synthesis, controllable activity, high stability, and low cost. These materials have been explored as surrogates to natural enzymes in biosensing, therapeutics, environmental protection, and many other fields. Among different nanozymes classes, metal- and metal oxide-based nanozymes are the most widely studied. In recent years, bi- and tri-metallic nanomaterials have emerged often showing improved nanozyme activity, some of which even possess multifunctional enzyme-like activity. Taking this concept even further, high-entropy nanomaterials, that is, complex multicomponent alloys and ceramics like oxides, may potentially enhance activity even further. However, the addition of various elements to increase catalytic activity may come at the cost of increased toxicity. Since many nanozyme compositions are currently being explored for in vivo biomedical applications, such as cancer therapeutics, toxicity considerations in relation to nanozyme application in biomedicine are of vital importance for translation. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Phan-Xuan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang City, Vietnam
| | - Ben Breitung
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Le TTN, Truong HB, Thi Hoa L, Le HS, Tran TTT, Manh TD, Le VT, Dinh QK, Nguyen XC. Cu 2O/Fe 3O 4/UiO-66 nanocomposite as an efficient fenton-like catalyst: Performance in organic pollutant degradation and influencing factors based machinelearning. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20466. [PMID: 37810813 PMCID: PMC10556788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent presence of organic pollutants like dyes in water environment necessitates innovative approaches for efficient degradation. In this research, we developed an advanced hybrid catalyst by combining metal oxides (Cu2O, Fe3O4) with UiO-66, serving as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for for efficient RB19 breakdown in water with H2O2. The control factors to the catalytic behavior were also quantified by machine learning. Experimental results show that the catalytic performance was much better than its individual components (P < 0.05 & non-zero 95% C.I). The improved catalytic efficiency was linked to the occurrence of active metal centers (Fe, Cu, and Zr), with Cu(I) from Cu2O playing a crucial role in promoting increased production of HO•. Also, UiO-66 served as a catalyst support, attracting pollutants to the reaction center, while magnetic Fe3O4 aids catalyst recovery. The optimal experimental parameters for best performance were pH at 7, catalyst loading of 1.6 g/L, H2O2 strength of 0.16 M, and reaction temperature of 25 °C. The catalyst can be magnetically separated and regenerated after five recycling times without significantly reducing catalytic activity. The reaction time and pH were ranked as the most influencing factors on catalytic efficiency via Random Forest and SHapley Additive exPlanations models. The findings show that developed catalyst is a suitable candidate to remove dyes in water by Fenton heterogeneous reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Nhi Le
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Hai Bang Truong
- Optical Materials Research Group, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Le Thi Hoa
- University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Sinh Le
- VN-UK Institute for Research and Executive Education, University of Danang, Danang city, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh Tam Toan Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot city, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Duc Manh
- University of Danang, University of Science and Education, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Van Thuan Le
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Quang Khieu Dinh
- University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan Cuong Nguyen
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam
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Zeng G, Wang J, Dai M, Meng Y, Luo H, Zhou Q, Lin L, Zang K, Meng Z, Pan X. Natural iron minerals in an electrocatalytic oxidation system and in situ pollutant removal in groundwater: Applications, mechanisms, and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161826. [PMID: 36708820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural iron-bearing minerals are widely distributed in the environment and show prominent catalytic performance in pollutant removal. This work provides an overview of groundwater restoration technologies utilizing heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) techniques with the aid of different iron forms as catalysts. In particular, applications of natural iron-bearing minerals in groundwater in the HEF system have been thoroughly summarized from either the view of organic pollutant removal or degradation. Based on the analysis of the catalytic mechanism in the HEF process by pyrite (FeS2), goethite (α-FeOOH), and magnetite (Fe3O4) and the geochemistry analysis of these natural iron-bearing minerals in groundwater, the feasibility and challenges of HEF for organic degradation by using typical iron minerals in groundwater have been discussed, and natural factors affecting the HEF process have been analyzed so that appropriate in situ remedial measures can be applied to contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganning Zeng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengzheng Dai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yutong Meng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongwei Luo
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liangyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China; Zhejiang Academic of Marine Science, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Kunpeng Zang
- Zhejiang Carbon Neutral Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhu Meng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Core-shell Bi-containing spheres and TiO2 nanoparticles co-loaded on kaolinite as an efficient photocatalyst for methyl orange degradation. CATAL COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2023.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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6
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Rezgui S, Díez AM, Monser L, Adhoum N, Pazos M, Sanromán MA. ZnFe 2O 4-chitosan magnetic beads for the removal of chlordimeform by photo-Fenton process under UVC irradiation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 283:111987. [PMID: 33516095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple protocol was proposed for the preparation of magnetic chitosan beads ZnFe2O4-CS via a co-precipitation method. The use of synthesized magnetic ZnFe2O4-CS beads as catalyst for the heterogeneous photo-Fenton treatment of chlordimeform insecticide (CDM) was evaluated. The photo-Fenton experiments were carried out with different synthesized catalysts by varying the molar ratio Zn/Fe in chitosan beads, the catalyst concentration and pH. Under optimal conditions using 1 g of ZnFe2O4-CS beads with a molar ratio Zn/Fe = 0.35 and at pHinitial = 3, a real wastewater doped with 20 mg L-1 of CDM was treated and complete removal of the insecticide was achieved after 7 min with a total TOC removal after 2 h of treatment. The generated carboxylic acids and ions during the photo-Fenton process were identified and quantified. The stability of the photocatalytic activity of the best catalyst in terms of pollutant removal, ZnFe2O4-CS(0.35) beads with a molar ratio Zn/Fe equal to 0.35, was satisfactory validated by four consecutive cycles. This optimal catalyst was characterized, before and after use, by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, X-Ray Powder Diffraction and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Rezgui
- BIOSUV Research Group, INTECX building, Universidade de Vigo, Campus AsLagoas - Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Unité de recherche en Electrochimie, Matériaux et Environnement (UR16ES02), IPEIK, Université de Kairouan, Tunisia; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, B.P. N° 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Aida M Díez
- BIOSUV Research Group, INTECX building, Universidade de Vigo, Campus AsLagoas - Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lotfi Monser
- Unité de recherche en Electrochimie, Matériaux et Environnement (UR16ES02), IPEIK, Université de Kairouan, Tunisia; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, B.P. N° 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
| | - Nafaa Adhoum
- Unité de recherche en Electrochimie, Matériaux et Environnement (UR16ES02), IPEIK, Université de Kairouan, Tunisia
| | - Marta Pazos
- BIOSUV Research Group, INTECX building, Universidade de Vigo, Campus AsLagoas - Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - M Angeles Sanromán
- BIOSUV Research Group, INTECX building, Universidade de Vigo, Campus AsLagoas - Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Yang G, Lu Y, Li Y, Ying M, Pan H, Qi J, Du M. Spinel Zn 3V 3O 8 nanosheets via a one-step hydrothermal synthesis with peroxidase-like activity for high sensitivity glucose colorimetric detection in synthetic perspiration. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4663-4669. [PMID: 34032252 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00608h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their specific spinel structure, ternary oxides with multi-catalytic sites on a highly active exposed surface are recommended as alternative bio-catalysts. Spinel zinc vanadate with two-dimensional nanosheets (Zn3V3O8 NSs) was synthesised using a one-step hydrothermal route with CTAB and glycine as a bi-surfactant, where each NS has a thin thickness (25 nm) and wide cross section (2 μm). As a key parameter for peroxidase-like activity, the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for Zn3V3O8 NSs was calculated to be 0.271 mM with TMB and 1.317 mM with H2O2 at optimum conditions, indicating a higher affinity for the exposed (011) facet towards horseradish peroxidases. This affinity is related to the geometric matching between V4+ active sites and the terminal amino groups of TMB. The V4+ ions on the (011) facet act as dangling bonds and readily react with H2O2 in a Fenton-like reaction. The peroxidase-like activity for Zn3V3O8 NSs is verified by the formation of [V(IV)-OO˙] by the ˙O2- and V5+ near V4+ sites, but oxidase activity for Zn3V3O8 NSs. Based on the peroxidase-like activity, Zn3V3O8 NSs were used as a colorimetric glucose sensor with a wide linear range from 0.01 to 0.5 mM and a detection limit (LOD = 3σ/S) of 2.81 × 10-7 M. The colorimetric sensor also exhibited high accuracy and selectivity in synthetic perspiration samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizeng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P. R. China. and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China and Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P. R. China. and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Meihui Ying
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P. R. China. and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China and Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Pan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P. R. China. and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China and Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jiayuan Qi
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Min Du
- Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
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Li Y, Wei G, Zhang C, Liang X, Chu W, He H, Stucki JW, Ma L, Lin X, Zhu J. Remarkable effect of Co substitution in magnetite on the reduction removal of Cr(VI) coupled with aqueous Fe(II): Improvement mechanism and Cr fate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:400-408. [PMID: 30513430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between magnetite and aqueous Fe(II) profoundly impacts the mineral recrystallization, trace-metal sequestration, and contaminant reduction. The iron ions in natural magnetite are extensively substituted by other cations. It is still unclear whether the substitution with thermodynamically favorable redox repairs (e.g., Co2+/Co3+) plays a vital role in the reducing capability of the coupled system. Herein, a series of Co-substituted magnetite samples (Fe3-xCoxO4, 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) were synthesized and tested for the reductive removal of Cr(VI) in the presence of Fe(II). Fe3-xCoxO4 had a spinel structure with the preferential occupancy of Co2+ on octahedral sites. No visible variation in the BET surface area was observed, whereas the surface site density increased gradually with Co substitution. Cr(VI) was found first adsorbed on the Fe3-xCoxO4 surface and then reduced to Cr(III) by the structural Fe2+ and the absorbed Fe(II), accompanied by the oxidation of bulk Fe2+ and surface Fe(II) in Fe3-xCoxO4 without phase transformation. The Cr(III) was precipitated on the Fe3-xCoxO4 surface with Fe(III), or substituted octahedral Fe in Fe3-xCoxO4. Both the reaction kinetics and the electron transfer efficiency revealed that Co substitution significantly improved the reactivity of Fe3-xCoxO4/Fe(II) towards Cr(VI) reduction. This was ascribed to the presence of the redox pairs Co2+/Co3+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ accelerating electron transfer from the Fe3-xCoxO4 interface to Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Gaoling Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Caihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Hongping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Joseph W Stucki
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Lingya Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoju Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jianxi Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
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9
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Chaibakhsh N, Moradi-Shoeili Z. Enzyme mimetic activities of spinel substituted nanoferrites (MFe 2O 4): A review of synthesis, mechanism and potential applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:1424-1447. [PMID: 30889678 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the intrinsic enzyme-like activities of some nanoscale materials known as "nanozymes" have become a growing area of interest. Nanosized spinel substituted ferrites (SFs) with general formula of MFe2O4, where M represents a transition metal, are among a group of magnetic nanomaterials attracting researchers' enormous attention because of their excellent catalytic performance, biomedical applications and capability for environmental remediation. Due to their unique nanoscale physical-chemical properties, they have been used to mimic the catalytic activity of natural enzymes such as peroxidases, oxidases and catalases. In addition, various nanocomposite materials based on SFs have been introduced as novel artificial enzymes. This review mainly highlights the synthetic approaches for newly developed SF-nanozymes and also the structural/experimental factors that are effective on the kinetics and catalytic mechanisms of enzyme-like reactions. SF-nanozymes have been found potentially capable of being applied in various fields such as enzyme-free immunoassays and biosensors for colorimetric detection of biological molecules. Therefore, the application of SF nanoparticles, as efficient enzyme mimetics have been detailed discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Chaibakhsh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 41996-13776, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Moradi-Shoeili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 41996-13776, Iran.
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Development of a Novel Magnetic Reactor Based on Nanostructured Fe3O4@PAA as Heterogenous Fenton Catalyst. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent development of nanotechnology, magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) have received increasing attention as potential heterogeneous Fenton catalysts in wastewater treatment applications, as an alternative to the conventional Fenton process using dissolved iron salts. Due to their superparamagnetic properties, Fe3O4 mNPs can be easily recovered and reused by applying a magnetic field. However, Fe3O4 mNPs have a marked tendency to form aggregates in water, leading to a decrease in their catalytic yield. To overcome these limitations, this work explores the catalytic activity of Fe3O4 coated with poly(acrylic acid) (Fe3O4@PAA) as stabilized Fenton heterogeneous nanocatalyst, in the degradation of C.I. Reactive Blue 19 (RB19). To maximize the catalytic potential of Fe3O4@PAA, an experimental design based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been developed to optimize the conditions of the Fenton process in terms of Fe3O4@PAA concentration (100–300 mg L−1) and H2O2 dose (100–400 mg L−1). Based on the results obtained, a novel sequential batch reactor (SBR) coupled to an external magnetic separation system has been developed, guaranteeing the complete retention of the mNPs in the system. This system allows the reuse of Fe3O4@PAA for at least 10 consecutive cycles, with a successful decolorization of RB19 after 4 h of treatment.
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11
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Han X, Zhang H, Chen T, Zhang M, Guo M. Facile synthesis of metal-doped magnesium ferrite from saprolite laterite as an effective heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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An effective and magnetic Fe2O3-ZrO2 catalyst for phenol degradation under neutral pH in the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Vetr F, Moradi-Shoeili Z, Özkar S. Oxidation of o-phenylenediamine to 2,3-diaminophenazine in the presence of cubic ferrites MFe2
O4
(M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) and the application in colorimetric detection of H2
O2. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahime Vetr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Guilan; P.O. Box 41335-1914 Rasht Iran
| | - Zeinab Moradi-Shoeili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Guilan; P.O. Box 41335-1914 Rasht Iran
| | - Saim Özkar
- Department of Chemistry; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
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14
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Xu Z, Chen Y, Song D. Degradation of tetracycline in a schorl/H 2O 2 system: Proposed mechanism and intermediates. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:661-668. [PMID: 29602098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Schorl could perform as an extremely promising catalyst for decomposing tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) due to its high degradation efficiency, low cost, chemical stability, easy recovery and repeatable utilization. Comparisons of TC degradation indifferent systems showed that schorl/H2O2 system exhibited the optimum pollutant elimination and TOC removal efficiencies. Kinetics and possible mechanisms of TC degradation were clarified. The OH generated on the schorl surface and O2-/HO2 were the main reactive species responsible for TC oxidation. Six possible intermediates were identified, and possible transform mechanisms and pathways were explored. Active radicals were inclined to attack the CC double bond, dimethylamino and phenolic moieties of TC molecular. The principal intermediate products were generated through N-demethylation, oxidation and rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengwen Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanmei Song
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
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15
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Usman M, Byrne JM, Chaudhary A, Orsetti S, Hanna K, Ruby C, Kappler A, Haderlein SB. Magnetite and Green Rust: Synthesis, Properties, and Environmental Applications of Mixed-Valent Iron Minerals. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3251-3304. [PMID: 29465223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-valent iron [Fe(II)-Fe(III)] minerals such as magnetite and green rust have received a significant amount of attention over recent decades, especially in the environmental sciences. These mineral phases are intrinsic and essential parts of biogeochemical cycling of metals and organic carbon and play an important role regarding the mobility, toxicity, and redox transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The formation pathways, mineral properties, and applications of magnetite and green rust are currently active areas of research in geochemistry, environmental mineralogy, geomicrobiology, material sciences, environmental engineering, and environmental remediation. These aspects ultimately dictate the reactivity of magnetite and green rust in the environment, which has important consequences for the application of these mineral phases, for example in remediation strategies. In this review we discuss the properties, occurrence, formation by biotic as well as abiotic pathways, characterization techniques, and environmental applications of magnetite and green rust in the environment. The aim is to present a detailed overview of the key aspects related to these mineral phases which can be used as an important resource for researchers working in a diverse range of fields dealing with mixed-valent iron minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Usman
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany.,Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
| | - J M Byrne
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - A Chaudhary
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Government College University Faisalabad 38000 , Pakistan
| | - S Orsetti
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - K Hanna
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes , CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - C Ruby
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement , UMR 7564 CNRS-Université de Lorraine , 54600 Villers-Lès-Nancy , France
| | - A Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - S B Haderlein
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
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16
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Rahim Pouran S, Bayrami A, Abdul Raman AA, Wan Daud WMA, Shafeeyan MS, Khataee A. Comprehensive study on the influence of molybdenum substitution on characteristics and catalytic performance of magnetite nanoparticles. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Silva LAD, Borges SMS, Paulino PN, Fraga MA, Oliva STD, Marchetti SG, Rangel MDC. Methylene blue oxidation over iron oxide supported on activated carbon derived from peanut hulls. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Hu H, Wang X, Gong L, Yu X, Yang X, Zhao J. Preparation of leaflike copper phosphate films by anodic oxidation and their catalytic oxidation performance. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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19
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Rahim Pouran S, Bayrami A, Abdul Aziz A, Wan Daud WMA, Shafeeyan MS. Ultrasound and UV assisted Fenton treatment of recalcitrant wastewaters using transition metal-substituted-magnetite nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Laipan M, Zhu R, Zhu J, He H. Visible light assisted Fenton-like degradation of Orange II on Ni 3 Fe/Fe 3 O 4 magnetic catalyst prepared from spent FeNi layered double hydroxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Dai C, Zuo X, Cao B, Hu Y. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous (Fex, Cr1-x)(OH)3 Precipitation: Implications for Cr Sequestration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1741-1749. [PMID: 26765070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The formation of (Fe, Cr)(OH)3 nanoparticles determines the fate of aqueous Cr in many aquatic environments. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, precipitation rates of (Fe, Cr)(OH)3 nanoparticles in solution and on quartz were quantified from 0.1 mM Fe(III) solutions containing 0-0.25 mM Cr(III) at pH = 3.7 ± 0.2. Concentration ratio of aqueous Cr(III)/Fe(III) controlled the chemical composition (x) of (Fex, Cr1-x)(OH)3 precipitates, solutions' supersaturation with respect to precipitates, and the surface charge of quartz. Therefore, the aqueous Cr(III)/Fe(III) ratio affected homogeneous (in solution) and heterogeneous (on quartz) precipitation rates of (Fex, Cr1-x)(OH)3 through different mechanisms. The sequestration mechanisms of Cr(III) in precipitates were also investigated. In solutions with high aqueous Cr(III)/Fe(III) ratios, surface enrichment of Cr(III) on the precipitates occurred, resulting in slower particle growth in solutions. From solutions with 0-0.1 mM Cr(III), the particles on quartz grew from 2 to 4 nm within 1 h. Interestingly, from solution with 0.25 mM Cr(III), particles of two distinct sizes (2 and 6 nm) formed on quartz, and their sizes remained unchanged throughout the reaction. Our study provided new insights on homogeneous and heterogeneous precipitation of (Fex, Cr1-x)(OH)3 nanoparticles, which can help determine the fate of Cr in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Dai
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yandi Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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22
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Zubir NA, Motuzas J, Yacou C, Zhang X, Diniz da Costa JC. Graphene oxide with zinc partially substituted magnetite (GO–Fe1−xZnxOy) for the UV-assisted heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of graphene oxide (GO) and zinc partially substituted magnetite GO–Fe1−xZnxOy (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.285) catalysts were synthesised through a precipitation-oxidation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Aida Zubir
- FIM2Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Julius Motuzas
- FIM2Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Christelle Yacou
- FIM2Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Monash University
- Australia
| | - João C. Diniz da Costa
- FIM2Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
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23
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Huang S, Xu Y, Xie M, Xu H, He M, Xia J, Huang L, Li H. Synthesis of magnetic CoFe2O4/g-C3N4 composite and its enhancement of photocatalytic ability under visible-light. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Gonçalves MCA, Garcia EM, Taroco HA, Gorgulho HF, Melo JOF, Silva RRA, Souza AG. Chemical recycling of cell phone Li-ion batteries: Application in environmental remediation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 40:144-150. [PMID: 25728092 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents, for the first time, the recycling and use of spent Li-ion battery cathode tape as a catalyst in the degradation of an organic dye. In our proposal, two major environmental problems can be solved: the secure disposal of cell phone batteries and the treatment of effluents with potentially toxic organic dyes. The spent Li-ion battery cathode investigated in this paper corresponds to 29% of the mass of Li-ion batteries and is made up of 83% LiCoO2, 14.5% C and less than 2.5% Al, Al2O3 and Co3O4. The use of spent Li-ion battery cathode tape increased the degradation velocity constant of methylene blue in the absence of light by about 200 times in relation to pure H2O2. This increase can be explained by a reduction in the activation energy from 83 kJ mol(-1) to 26 kJ mol(-1). The mechanism of degradation promoted by LiCoO2 is probably related to the generation of superoxide radical (O2(-)). The rupture of the aromatic rings of methylene blue was analyzed by ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Abreu Gonçalves
- Federal University of São João del Rei - Sete Lagoas Campus (UFSJ-CSL)/Department of Exacts and Biological Sciences (DECEB), MG 424, Km 45, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-970, Brazil
| | - Eric M Garcia
- Federal University of São João del Rei - Sete Lagoas Campus (UFSJ-CSL)/Department of Exacts and Biological Sciences (DECEB), MG 424, Km 45, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-970, Brazil.
| | - Hosane A Taroco
- Federal University of São João del Rei - Sete Lagoas Campus (UFSJ-CSL)/Department of Exacts and Biological Sciences (DECEB), MG 424, Km 45, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-970, Brazil
| | - Honória F Gorgulho
- Federal University of São João del Rei - UFSJ/Department of Natural Sciences (DCNAT), Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João Del Rei, MG 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Júlio O F Melo
- Federal University of São João del Rei - Sete Lagoas Campus (UFSJ-CSL)/Department of Exacts and Biological Sciences (DECEB), MG 424, Km 45, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael R A Silva
- Federal University of São João del Rei - Sete Lagoas Campus (UFSJ-CSL)/Department of Exacts and Biological Sciences (DECEB), MG 424, Km 45, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-970, Brazil
| | - Amauri G Souza
- Federal University of São João del Rei - Sete Lagoas Campus (UFSJ-CSL)/Department of Exacts and Biological Sciences (DECEB), MG 424, Km 45, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-970, Brazil
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25
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Rahim Pouran S, Abdul Aziz AR, Wan Daud WMA, Shafeeyan MS. Effects of niobium and molybdenum impregnation on adsorption capacity and Fenton catalytic activity of magnetite. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15660b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nb and Mo co-incorporation could effectively improve magnetite properties towards higher adsorption and remarkable activity in heterogeneous Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Rahim Pouran
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - A. R. Abdul Aziz
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Saleh Shafeeyan
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
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26
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Cleveland V, Bingham JP, Kan E. Heterogeneous Fenton degradation of bisphenol A by carbon nanotube-supported Fe3O4. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Nidheesh PV, Gandhimathi R, Velmathi S, Sanjini NS. Magnetite as a heterogeneous electro Fenton catalyst for the removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46969g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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