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Khan MJ, Wibowo A, Karim Z, Posoknistakul P, Matsagar BM, Wu KCW, Sakdaronnarong C. Wastewater Treatment Using Membrane Bioreactor Technologies: Removal of Phenolic Contaminants from Oil and Coal Refineries and Pharmaceutical Industries. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:443. [PMID: 38337332 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Huge amounts of noxious chemicals from coal and petrochemical refineries and pharmaceutical industries are released into water bodies. These chemicals are highly toxic and cause adverse effects on both aquatic and terrestrial life. The removal of hazardous contaminants from industrial effluents is expensive and environmentally driven. The majority of the technologies applied nowadays for the removal of phenols and other contaminants are based on physio-chemical processes such as solvent extraction, chemical precipitation, and adsorption. The removal efficiency of toxic chemicals, especially phenols, is low with these technologies when the concentrations are very low. Furthermore, the major drawbacks of these technologies are the high operation costs and inadequate selectivity. To overcome these limitations, researchers are applying biological and membrane technologies together, which are gaining more attention because of their ease of use, high selectivity, and effectiveness. In the present review, the microbial degradation of phenolics in combination with intensified membrane bioreactors (MBRs) has been discussed. Important factors, including the origin and mode of phenols' biodegradation as well as the characteristics of the membrane bioreactors for the optimal removal of phenolic contaminants from industrial effluents are considered. The modifications of MBRs for the removal of phenols from various wastewater sources have also been addressed in this review article. The economic analysis on the cost and benefits of MBR technology compared with conventional wastewater treatments is discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jahir Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Agung Wibowo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Zoheb Karim
- MoRe Research Örnsköldsvik AB, SE-89122 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - Pattaraporn Posoknistakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Babasaheb M Matsagar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chularat Sakdaronnarong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Lu L, Tang D, Luo Z, Mo H, Sun Y, Hu J, Sun J. Water hyacinth derived hierarchical porous biochar absorbent: Ideal peroxydisulfate activator for efficient phenol degradation via an electron-transfer pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117773. [PMID: 38029829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a facile hydrothermal pretreatment and molten salt activation route was presented for preparing a self-doped porous biochar (HMBC) from a nitrogenous biomass precursor of water hyacinth. With an ultrahigh specific surface area (2240 m2 g-1), well-developed hierarchical porous structure, created internal structural defects and doped surface functionalities, HMBC exhibited an excellent adsorption performance and catalytic activity for phenol removal via peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. Specifically, the porous structure promoted the adsorption of PDS on HMBC, forming a highly active HMBC/PDS* complex and thereby increasing the oxidation potential of the system. Meanwhile, the carbon defective structure, graphitic N and CO groups enhanced the electron transfer process, favoring the HMBC/PDS system to catalyze phenol oxidation via an electron transfer dominated pathway. Thus, the system degraded phenol effectively with an ultralow activation energy of 4.9 kJ mol-1 and a remarkable oxidant utilization efficiency of 8.2 mol mol-oxidant-1 h-1 g-1. More importantly, the system exhibited excellent resistance to water quality and good adaptability for decontaminating different organic pollutants with satisfactory mineralization efficiency. This study offers valuable insights into the rational designing of a low-cost biochar catalyst for efficient PDS activation towards organic wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environment, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Diyong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environment, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environment, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Huangkaiyue Mo
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environment, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yimeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environment, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Experimental Teaching and Laboratory Management Center, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environment, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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Ma T, Ren H, Liu M, Zhou R. Nanoconfined catalytic membrane assembled by nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulating Fe-based nanoparticles for rapid removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol in wastewater by peroxymonosulfate activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133523. [PMID: 38278075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface-dependent non-radical oxidation of carbon materials-based persulfate systems show a better application prospect in the removal of pollutants in complex wastewater. However, their potential is severely limited by the restricted liquid-to-solid mass transfer efficiency of conventional suspension systems. In this paper, a nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulating iron-based nanoparticles (Fe@NC) was prepared, and loaded onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane to construct a novel catalytic membrane Fe@NC/PVDF. The Fe@NC/PVDF/PMS system could achieve 99.74% of 2,4-dicholophenol (2,4-DCP) removal within a retention time of 0.867 s, the kinetic constant is 840 times higher than that of Fe@NC/PMS system, and 2-5 orders of magnitude higher than that of various reported advanced oxidation processes systems. The system exhibits strong anti-interference to various water matrices, long-time operational stability at high flux (306 L·m-2·h-1), universality to pollutants that do not contain strong electron-withdrawing groups and mitigation of membrane fouling. Mechanism studies indicate that the electron transfer pathway dominates the 2,4-DCP removal, and singlet oxygen (1O2) plays an auxiliary role. The higher mass transfer efficiency of the filtration mode releases the full potential of the non-radical pathway. This paper provides theoretical and technical support for the development and efficient utilization of carbon-based materials with excellent persulfate catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taigang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hejun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Meijun Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Fan YH, Lu YW, Hayat F, Mei YH, Chen M. Overcoming slow removal efficiency-induced highly toxic I-DBPs in water by oxygen vacancies enriched invasive plant biochar catalyst: Experimental and theoretical studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132086. [PMID: 37480607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective and safe catalysts operated in the in-depth removal of iodinated X-ray contrast media is important for overcoming slow removal efficiency-induced highly toxic iodine-replaced disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs). In this study, a novel oxygen vacancies enriched heterogeneous biochar catalyst (Mo-Co-ECM) from the invasive plant was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal carbonization method and used for the in-depth removal of iohexol (IOH) by the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The results indicated that after adding PMS for 3 min, the removal efficiency of IOH in Mo-Co-ECM/PMS system reached 100% and exhibited a superior degradation efficiency compared to Co-ECM/PMS and ECM/PMS system. Only nine I-DBPs were found during the degradation, which were dominated by small molecules compounds (MW<400). The in-depth degradation suppresses the formation of the toxic intermediates. The density functional theory and electron spin resonance showed that due to the existence of Mo and oxygen vacancies, the electron transfer ability was improved, which accelerated the cycle of Co3+/Co2+, so as to enhance the catalytic activity of Mo-Co-ECM/PMS system. This study is expected to provide a general way for decreasing the production of toxic intermediates during the advanced oxidation of contaminants, meanwhile recovering resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Fan
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yu-Han Mei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
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Chormare R, Moradeeya PG, Sahoo TP, Seenuvasan M, Baskar G, Saravaia HT, Kumar MA. Conversion of solid wastes and natural biomass for deciphering the valorization of biochar in pollution abatement: A review on the thermo-chemical processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139760. [PMID: 37567272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This overview addresses the formation of solid trash and the various forms of waste from a variety of industries, which environmentalists have embraced. The paper investigates the negative effects on the environment caused by unsustainable management of municipal solid trash as well as the opportunities presented by the formal system. This examination looks at the origins of solid waste as well as the typical treatment methods. Pyrolysis methods, feedstock pyrolysis, and lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis were highlighted. Explain in detail the various thermochemical processes that take place during the pyrolysis of biomass. Due to its carbon content, low cost, accessibility, ubiquitousness, renewable nature, and environmental friendliness, biomass waste is a unique biochar precursor. This study looks at the different types of biomass waste that are available for treating wastewater. This study discussed a wide variety of reactors. Adsorption is the standard method that is used the most frequently to remove hazardous organic, dye, and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. These pollutants cause damage to the environment and water supplies, thus it is important to remove them. Adsorption is both simple and inexpensive to utilize. Temperature-dependent conversions explain the kinetic theories of biomaterial biochemical degradation. This article presents a review that explains how pyrolytic breakdown char materials can be used to reduce pollution and improve environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Chormare
- Process Design and Engineering Cell, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pareshkumar G Moradeeya
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360 003, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarini Prasad Sahoo
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Muthulingam Seenuvasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641 032, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hitesh T Saravaia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Centre for Rural and Entrepreneurship Development, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chennai, 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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Hao L, Zhang J, Liu J, Min Y, Chen C. Applications of Carbon-Based Materials in Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants: A Review. CHEM REC 2023:e202300203. [PMID: 37639150 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, water pollution has posed a serious threat to aquatic organisms and humans. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) show high oxidation, good selectivity, wide pH range and no secondary pollution in the removal of organic pollutants in water. Carbon-based materials are emerging green catalysts that can effectively activate persulfates to generate radical and non-radical active species to degrade organic pollutants. Compared with transition metal catalysts, carbon-based materials are widely used in SR-AOPs because of their low cost, non-toxicity, acid and alkali resistance, large specific surface area, and scalable surface charge, which can be used for selective control of specific water pollutants. This paper mainly presents several carbon-based materials used to activate PMS, including raw carbon materials and modified carbon materials (heteroatom-doped and metal-doped), analyzes and summarizes the mechanism of activating PMS by carbon-based catalysts, and discusses the influencing factors (temperature, pH, PMS concentration, catalyst concentration, inorganic anions, inorganic cations and dissolved oxygen) in the activation process. Finally, the future challenges and prospects of carbon-based materials in water pollution control are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyun Hao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Junkai Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yuting Min
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Chunguang Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Ma Z, Xie X, Wu D, Peng X, Li J. Mechanochemically synthesized silicotungsten acidified ZVI composite for persulfate activation: Enhancement of the electron transfer and Fe slowly release mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139254. [PMID: 37331659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is a promising technology for groundwater treatment, and its efficiency primarily depends on the electron transfer. However, there are still some problems such as low electron efficiency of ZVI particles and high yield of iron sludge that limits the performance, which warrant further investigation. In our study, a silicotungsten acidified ZVI composite (m-WZVI) was synthesized by ball milling to activate PS to degrade phenol. m-WZVI has a better performance on phenol degradation (with a removal rate of 91.82%) than ball mill ZVI(m-ZVI) with persulfate (PS) (with a removal rate of 59.37%). Compared with m-ZVI, the first-order kinetic constant (kobs) of m-WZVI/PS is 2-3 times higher than that of the others. Iron ion was gradually leached in m-WZVI/PS system, being only 2.11 mg/L after 30 min, having to avoid excessive consumption of active substances. The underlying mechanisms of m-WZVI for PS activation mainly include: 1) were elucidated through different characterizations analyses that accounted for silictungstic acid (STA) can be combined with ZVI, and a new electron donor (SiW124-) was obtained, which improved the transfer rate performance of electrons for activating PS; 2) singlet oxygen (1O2) is the main active substance for phenol degradation, but other radicals also played an important role. Therefore, m-WZVI has good prospects for improving the electron utilization of ZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhifei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Daishe Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Pingxiang University,Pingxiang, 337000,China
| | - Xing Peng
- Hunan United Kitchen Waste Treatment Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
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Ramanathan S, Kasemchainan J, Chuang HC, Sobral AJFN, Poompradub S. Rhodamine B dye degradation using used face masks-derived carbon coupled with peroxymonosulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121386. [PMID: 36868547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic carbon materials from used face masks (UFM) activated by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were developed for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye in aqueous solution. The UFM-derived carbon (UFMC) catalyst had a relatively large surface area as well as active functional groups and promoted the generation of singlet 1O2 and radicals from PMS, giving a high RhB degradation performance (98.1% after 3 h) in the presence of 3 mM PMS. The UFMC could degrade only 13.7% at a minimal RhB dose of 10-5 M. The principal reactive oxygen species of sulphate (SO4•), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and singlet 1O2 were discovered using electron paramagnetic resonance and radical scavenger studies. Finally, a toxicological plant and bacterial study was performed to demonstrate the potential non-toxicity of the degraded RhB water sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaninan Ramanathan
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jitti Kasemchainan
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ho-Chiao Chuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | | | - Sirilux Poompradub
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Green Materials for Industrial Application, Faculty of Science, Chulanongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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9
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Thermal effect on sulfamethoxazole degradation in a trivalent copper involved peroxymonosulfate system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:121-131. [PMID: 36842418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate (PS) activated by thermal or homogeneous metals can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high-valence-state metals for contaminants degradation, showing great potential for applications. However, thermal effect in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system with high-valence-state metal is still ambiguous. In this study, divalent copper (Cu(II)) catalysis was taken to explore thermal effect on PMS performance. Results showed that the Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal efficiency in the Cu(II)/PMS system at 60 min increased by only 5.9% with temperature increase from 30 °C to 60 °C. Moreover, SMX removal efficiency was excellent at neutral or basic pH, best with PMS concentration of 2.4 mM, and slightly affected by Cu(II) concentration. The singlet oxygen (1O2) was identified as main active species at low temperature while sulfate radicals (SO4-) was more effective at high temperature with Cu(II) co-activation. Also, trivalent copper (Cu(III)) was an important active species. The higher Cu(III) content, the better SMX removal efficiency, but the stronger intermediates toxicity. In combination with removal efficiency and intermediates toxicity at different temperatures, 30 °C was the optimal reaction temperature. Overall, this study provides new perspective on utilization of waste heat and high-valence-state metal for organic wastewater treatment in PMS systems.
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Ren X, Feng H, Zhao M, Zhou X, Zhu X, Ouyang X, Tang J, Li C, Wang J, Tang W, Tang L. Recent Advances in Thallium Removal from Water Environment by Metal Oxide Material. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3829. [PMID: 36900837 PMCID: PMC10001460 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thallium is widely used in industrial and agricultural development. However, there is still a lack of systematic understanding of its environmental hazards and related treatment methods or technologies. Here, we critically assess the environmental behavior of thallium in aqueous systems. In addition, we first discuss the benefits and limitations of the synthetic methods of metal oxide materials that may affect the practicality and scalability of TI removal from water. We then assess the feasibility of different metal oxide materials for TI removal from water by estimating the material properties and contaminant removal mechanisms of four metal oxides (Mn, Fe, Al, and Ti). Next, we discuss the environmental factors that may inhibit the practicality and scalability of Tl removal from water. We conclude by highlighting the materials and processes that could serve as more sustainable alternatives to TI removal with further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Haopeng Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xilian Ouyang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Changwu Li
- Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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11
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Acid-modified anaerobic biogas residue biochar activates persulfate for phenol degradation: Enhancement of the efficiency and non-radical pathway. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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12
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Chen X, Zhou Y, Li J, Pillai SC, Bolan N, He J, Li N, Xu S, Chen X, Lin Q, Wang H. Activated peroxydisulfate by sorghum straw-based biochar for enhanced tartrazine degradation: Roles of adsorption and radical/nonradical processes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120665. [PMID: 36395910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar obtained from biomass waste through pyrolysis has significant potential in wastewater treatment due to its large specific surface area and multi-functional active sites. In current study, sorghum straw (SS) was pyrolyzed to prepare various biochar under nitrogen atmosphere. Adsorption kinetics of prepared biochar toward tartrazine (TTZ) was systematically investigated, and the biochar was also characterized by using multiple techniques to explore the contribution of physicochemical properties to adsorption. Then, the biochar with optimum TTZ adsorption performance, was also applied as a catalyst for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation to degrade TTZ. Factors including PDS concentration, solution pH, and reaction temperature were examined. The optimized degradation rate constant of TTZ (1.1627 min-1) was achieved under the conditions at 2 mM PDS, pH of 3, and 23 °C. In addition, the free radical trapping experiments and EPR spectra revealed that the reactive substances of electron (e-), 1O2, SO4•-, O2•-, and •OH contributed to TTZ degradation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) also concluded that the atoms C(6), O(12), N(16), N(17), C(18) and N(22) in TTZ molecule showed larger f0 values which are vulnerable to radical attack. Therefore, the synergistic mechanism embodying adsorption and radical/non-radical processes were proposed. Besides, the degradation pathways of TTZ were identified with the aid of HPLC/MS technique, indicating that multiple reaction processes containing the symmetrical cleavage of azo bonds, the asymmetrical cleavage of C-N, desulfonation, and benzene-like structure cracking were involved. Therefore, this study provides a simple and effective catalytic system for TTZ degradation, and also realizes the resource utilization of solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Zhou
- Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Jiesen Li
- Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China; Department of Research and Development, Guangzhou Ginpie Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510670, China
| | - Suresh C Pillai
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group and the Health and Biomedical (HEAL) Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 6001, Perth, WA, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 6001, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Juhua He
- Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Ning Li
- Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China.
| | - Song Xu
- Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
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13
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Chen K, Liang J, Xu X, Zhao L, Qiu H, Wang X, Cao X. Roles of soil active constituents in the degradation of sulfamethoxazole by biochar/persulfate: Contrasting effects of iron minerals and organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158532. [PMID: 36075408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biochar/persulfate (BC/PS) has been extensively applied in the degradation of organic contaminants in the aqueous solutions. However, much less work has been done on the degradation of organic contaminants in soil by BC/PS, especially on the unclear roles of soil active constituents in the degradation. This study was conducted to investigate the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in two soils through PS oxidation activated by biochar. Biochar was produced via the pyrolysis of peanut shell at 400 °C and 700 °C, which was denoted as BC400 and BC700, respectively. Two soils used were red soil and paddy soil, mainly differing in iron minerals and organic matter. Both biochar promoted SMX degradation (42.6 %-90.7 %) in two soils, compared to PS alone (20.9 %-41.7 %). In BC400/PS system, the free radicals were the dominant reactive species for SMX degradation, while the electron transfer pathway played a vital role in the SMX degradation by BC700/PS. Higher SMX degradation was observed in red soil (41.7 %-97.8 %) than that in paddy soil (20.3 %-94.8 %), which was ascribed to the promotion of iron minerals in red soil yet the inhibition of organic matter in paddy soil. Specifically, the reaction between ≡Fe(III)/≡Fe(II) and PS on the surface of iron minerals in red soil generated more SO4•- and •OH, resulting in the enhanced SMX degradation. However, the consumption of free radicals and suppression of electron transfer pathway by organic matter in paddy soil inhibited SMX degradation. As the comparative carbonaceous materials to biochar, graphite exerted no obvious degradation effect, whereas activated carbon exhibited the comparable promoting efficacy to BC700. Both biochar, especially BC700, significantly (p < 0.05) alleviated the adverse effects of PS treatment on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth. Overall, this study demonstrates that biochar/persulfate was effective in SMX degradation in soil and the degradation was affected by soil iron minerals and organic matter, which should be paid more attention in the persulfate remediation of organic contaminated soils at a specific site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinbing Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem, Yunnan 671000, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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14
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Li C, Xu B, Chen L, Jin M, Yi G, Chen L, Xing B, Zhang Y, Wu Y. Persulfate Activation by N-Doping Biochar from Peanut for Efficient Degradation of Phenol. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Khoshtinat F, Tabatabaie T, Ramavandi B, Hashemi S. Application of pier waste sludge for catalytic activation of proxy-monosulfate and phenol elimination from a petrochemical wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69462-69471. [PMID: 35568787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to remove phenol from real wastewater (taken from a petrochemical company) by activating peroxy-monosulfate (PMS) using catalysts extracted from pier waste sludge. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were evaluated by FE-SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DTG tests. The functional groups of O-H, C-H, CO32-, C-H, C-O, N-H, and C-N were identified on the catalyst surface. Also, the crystallinity of the catalyst before and after reaction with petrochemical wastewater was 103.4 nm and 55.8 nm, respectively. Operational parameters of pH (3-9), catalyst dose (0-100 mg/L), phenol concentration (50-250 mg/L), and PMS concentration (0-250 mg/L) were tested to remove phenol. The highest phenol removal rate (94%) was obtained at pH=3, catalyst dose of 80 mg/L, phenol concentration of 50 mg/L, PMS concentration of 150 mg/L, and contact time of 150 min. Phenol decomposition in petrochemical wastewater followed the first-order kinetics (k> 0.008 min-1, R2> 0.94). Changes in pH factor were very effective on phenol removal efficiency, and maximum efficiency (≈83%) was achieved in pH 3. The catalyst stability test was performed for up to five cycles, and phenol removal in the fifth cycle was reduced to 42%. Also, the energy consumption in this study was 77.69 kW h/m3. According to the results, the pier waste sludge catalyst/PMS system is a critical process for eliminating phenol from petrochemical wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyzollah Khoshtinat
- Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Tabatabaie
- Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Seyedenayat Hashemi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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16
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Liu T, Yao B, Luo Z, Li W, Li C, Ye Z, Gong X, Yang J, Zhou Y. Applications and influencing factors of the biochar-persulfate based advanced oxidation processes for the remediation of groundwater and soil contaminated with organic compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155421. [PMID: 35472360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a low-cost material rich in carbon, which is being used increasingly as a catalyst in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs) for the remediation of groundwater and soil contaminated with organic compounds. In this work, a general summary of preparation methods and applications of various BC (i.e., pristine BC, magnetic BC, and chemically modified BC) in PS-AOPs is presented. Different influence factors (e.g., pH, anions, natural organic matter) for the degradation of organic compounds are discussed. Meanwhile, the influence of external energy (e.g., solar irradiation, UV-Vis, ultrasonic) is also mentioned. Furthermore, the advantage of different BC in PS-AOPs are compared. Finally, potential problems, challenges, and prospects in the application of biochar-persulfate based advanced oxidation processes (BCPS-AOPs) are discussed in the conclusion and perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bin Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zirui Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Environmental Pollution Control-Remediation Technology of Guizhou Province, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi 562400, China.
| | - Changwu Li
- Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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17
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Xiong Y, Dai X, Liu Y, Du C, Yu G, Xia Y. Insights into highly effective catalytic persulfate activation on oxygen-functionalized mesoporous carbon for ciprofloxacin degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59013-59026. [PMID: 35380323 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbons have been demonstrated as promising carbon catalysts for substituting metal-based catalysts for the green treatment of wastewater. In this study, oxygen-functionalized mesoporous carbon (OCMK-3) was prepared by wet oxidation and exhibited high catalytic performance against ciprofloxacin (CIP) by activation of persulfate. The effects of environmental parameters (pH, temperature, coexisting ions) and process parameters (temperature, sodium persulfate concentration, catalyst agent dosage, initial concentration) on the removal of CIP were investigated. Compared with the pristine ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), the removal efficiency of CIP by OCMK-3 was increased by 32% under optimal conditions. This rise in activity was attributed to the increase in oxygen-containing functional groups, porosity, and specific surface area of OCMK-3 with improved structural defects and electron transfer efficiency. Furthermore, based on active species scavenging experiments, a dual-pathway mechanism of the radical and nonradical pathways was discovered. The rational degradation pathway of CIP was investigated based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In addition, the OCMK-3/PS system exhibited high decomposition efficiency in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. This study provides an in-depth mechanism for the degradation of organic pollutants by carbon-based PS-AOPs and provides theoretical support for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Research Center of Resource Environment and Urban Planning, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolei Dai
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Research Center of Resource Environment and Urban Planning, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan, China.
| | - Chunyan Du
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River-Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River-Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Yan Xia
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
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18
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Heteroatom-Doped Hierarchically Porous Biochar for Supercapacitor Application and Phenol Pollutant Remediation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152586. [PMID: 35957017 PMCID: PMC9370815 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochars are considered as promising materials in energy storage and environmental remediation because of their unique physicochemical properties and low cost. However, the fabrication of multifunctional biochar materials with a well-developed hierarchical porous structure as well as self-doped functionalities via a facile strategy remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a heteroatom-doped porous biochar, prepared by a hydrothermal pretreatment followed by a molten salt activation route. With the creation of a high specific surface area (1501.9 m2/g), a hierarchical porous structure, and the incorporation of oxygen-/nitrogen-functional groups, the as-prepared biochar (BC-24) exhibits great potential for supercapacitor application and organic pollutant elimination. The assembled biochar electrode delivers a specific capacitance of 378 F/g at 0.2 A/g with a good rate capability of 198 F/g at 10 A/g, and excellent cycling stability with 94.5% capacitance retention after 10,000 recycles. Moreover, BC-24 also exhibits superior catalytic activity for phenol degradation through peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. The phenol (0.2 mM) can be effectively absorbed and then completely degraded within only 25 min over a wide pH range with low catalyst and PDS dosages. More importantly, TOC analysis indicates 81.7% of the phenol is mineralized within 60 min, confirming the effectiveness of the BC-24/PDS system. Quenching experiments and EPR measurements reveal that SO4·− and ·OH as well as 1O2 are involved in the phenol degradation, while the non-radical pathway plays the dominant role. This study provides valuable insights into the preparation of cost-effective carbon materials for supercapacitor application and organic contaminant remediation.
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19
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Mn3O4 Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation of Phenolic Contaminants in Aqueous Solutions. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic pollutants, such as phenolic compounds, have been exposed to environments globally. They have a significant impact on groundwater and surface water quality. In this work, different Mn3O4 catalysts were prepared for metal oxide activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to remove the phenolic compound from the water environment. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized using thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Furthermore, the effect of temperature and reusability of the as-prepared Mn3O4 catalysts is also investigated. The Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) catalyst reveals an excellent performance for activating PMS to remove phenol compounds. Mn3O4 NPs exhibits 96.057% efficiency in removing 25 ppm within 60 min. The kinetic analysis shows that Mn3O4 NPs fitted into pseudo-first order kinetic model and exhibited relatively low energy activation of 42.6 kJ/mol. The reusability test of Mn3O4 NPs displays exceptional stability with 84.29% efficiency after three-sequential cycles. The as-prepared Mn3O4 NPs is proven suitable for phenolic remediation in aqueous solutions.
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20
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Ma T, Liu M, Li T, Ren H, Zhou R. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes derived from carbonized polyaniline as a robust peroxydisulfate activator for the oxidation removal of organic pollutants: Singlet oxygen dominated mechanism and structure-activity relationship. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Peroxymonosulfate catalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants by engineered catalyst of self-doped iron/carbon nanocomposite derived from waste toner powder. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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Baskar AV, Bolan N, Hoang SA, Sooriyakumar P, Kumar M, Singh L, Jasemizad T, Padhye LP, Singh G, Vinu A, Sarkar B, Kirkham MB, Rinklebe J, Wang S, Wang H, Balasubramanian R, Siddique KHM. Recovery, regeneration and sustainable management of spent adsorbents from wastewater treatment streams: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153555. [PMID: 35104528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption is the most widely adopted, effective, and reliable treatment process for the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants from wastewater. One of the major issues with the adsorption-treatment process for the removal of contaminants from wastewater streams is the recovery and sustainable management of spent adsorbents. This review focuses on the effectiveness of emerging adsorbents and how the spent adsorbents could be recovered, regenerated, and further managed through reuse or safe disposal. The critical analysis of both conventional and emerging adsorbents on organic and inorganic contaminants in wastewater systems are evaluated. The various recovery and regeneration techniques of spent adsorbents including magnetic separation, filtration, thermal desorption and decomposition, chemical desorption, supercritical fluid desorption, advanced oxidation process and microbial assisted adsorbent regeneration are discussed in detail. The current challenges for the recovery and regeneration of adsorbents and the methodologies used for solving those problems are covered. The spent adsorbents are managed through regeneration for reuse (such as soil amendment, capacitor, catalyst/catalyst support) or safe disposal involving incineration and landfilling. Sustainable management of spent adsorbents, including processes involved in the recovery and regeneration of adsorbents for reuse, is examined in the context of resource recovery and circular economy. Finally, the review ends with the current drawbacks in the recovery and management of the spent adsorbents and the future directions for the economic and environmental feasibility of the system for industrial-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Baskar
- The Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Son A Hoang
- The Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Division of Urban Infrastructural Engineering, Mientrung University of Civil Engineering, Phu Yen 56000, Viet Nam
| | - Prasanthi Sooriyakumar
- The Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tahereh Jasemizad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- The Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- The Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, Germany, Faculty of Architecture und Civil Engineering, Institute of Soil Engineering, Waste- and Water Science, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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23
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Annamalai S, Septian A, Choi J, Shin WS. Remediation of phenol contaminated soil using persulfate activated by ball-milled colloidal activated carbon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114709. [PMID: 35219205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of phenolic compounds through persulfate (PS) activation is a valuable approach for soil/groundwater remediation. Several reports have been made related to PS activation and contaminant degradation using carbo-catalysts; however, there is no detailed study on soil remediation by colloidal activated carbon. This study demonstrates the phenol (PhOH) degradation efficiency in spiked and field-contaminated soils by a novel and low-cost ball-milled colloidal activated carbon (CACBM) catalyst. The CACBM/PS system exhibited outstanding degradation performance for PhOH in both spiked and field-contaminated soils. Optimum condition for degradation of 5.63 mmol PhOH kg soil-1 was achieved at 2.5 mg CACBM g soil-1, 5 mM PS, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 at 25 °C in the wide pH range of 3-11. Radical scavenger experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that both radical (•OH and SO4•-) and non-radical (1O2) species were involved in the CACBM/PS system. PhOH degradation in soil phase followed several degradation pathways, resulting in various intermediate byproducts such as acetic acid, maleic acid, p-benzoquinone, fumaric acid, and ferulic acid as analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS). The CACBM/PS system showed a promising potential in the remediation of organic-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Annamalai
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ardie Septian
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Shin
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Zhang Y, Jiang S, Qiu L, Xu K, Kang X, Wang L. Performance and mechanism of tea waste biochar in enhancing the removal of tetracycline by peroxodisulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27595-27605. [PMID: 34984606 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, tea waste biochar was prepared and used to activate peroxodisulfate (PDS) for the removal of tetracycline (TC) efficiently. And SEM, XRD, Raman, and FTIR were used to characterize the biochar. The effects of reaction conditions including initial pH, biochar dosage, and PDS concentration on the removal of TC were explored, and the result showed that compared with the biochar prepared at 400 °C and 500 °C, the biochar pyrolyzed at 600 °C (TBC600) had the highest TC removal performance due to its higher sp2 hybrid carbon content, richer defective structure, and stronger electron deliverability. Under the optimal dosage of PDS (4 mM) and TBC600 (0.8 g L-1), the removal efficiency of TC (10 mg L-1) reached 81.65%. After four cycles of TBC600, the removal rate could still reach 75.51%, indicating that TBC600 has excellent stability. In addition, quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) verified that the active oxygen including SO4·-, ·OH, O2·-, and singlet oxygen (1O2) was involved, among which 1O2 and OH were the main active substance in the TC removal. Therefore, this work provided a green and efficient persulfate activator and a method for recycling tea waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanqing Jiang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liwei Qiu
- Changzhou Cheff Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailin Xu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Kang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.
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Yang LX, Yang JCE, Yuan BL, Fu ML. MOFs-derived magnetic hierarchically porous CoFe2O4-Co3O4 nanocomposite for interfacial radicals-induced catalysis to degrade chloramphenicol: Structure, performance and degradation pathway. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Yang ZZ, Zhang C, Zeng GM, Tan XF, Huang DL, Zhou JW, Fang QZ, Yang KH, Wang H, Wei J, Nie K. State-of-the-art progress in the rational design of layered double hydroxide based photocatalysts for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical H2/O2 production. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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N-Doped Biochar as a New Metal-Free Activator of Peroxymonosulfate for Singlet Oxygen-Dominated Catalytic Degradation of Acid Orange 7. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092288. [PMID: 34578604 PMCID: PMC8471211 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, using rice straw as a raw material and urea as a nitrogen precursor, a composite catalyst (a nitrogen-doped rice straw biochar at the pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, recorded as NRSBC800) was synthesized by one-step pyrolysis. NRSBC800 was then characterized using XPS, BET, TEM and other technologies, and its catalytic performance as an activator for permonosulfate (PMS) to degrade acid orange 7 (AO7) was studied. The results show that the introduction of N-doping significantly improved the catalytic performance of NRSBC800. The NRSBC800/PMS oxidation system could fully degrade AO7 within 30 min, with the reaction rate constant (2.1 × 10 -1 min-1) being 38 times that of RSBC800 (5.5 × 10-3 min-1). Moreover, NRSBC800 not only had better catalytic performance than traditional metal oxides (Co3O4 and Fe3O4) and carbon nanomaterial (CNT) but also received less impact from environmental water factors (such as anions and humic acids) during the catalytic degradation process. In addition, a quenching test and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) research both indicated that AO7 degradation relied mainly on non-free radical oxidation (primarily singlet oxygen (1O2)). A recycling experiment further demonstrated NRSBC800's high stability after recycling three times.
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Guan Z, Zuo S, Yang F, Zhang B, Xu H, Xia D, Huang M, Li D. The polarized electric field on Fe-N-C-S promotes non-radical process of peroxymonosulfate degrade diclofenac sodium. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Ma X, Cai L, Chen L, Fei B, Lu J, Xia C, Lam SS. Bamboo grid versus polyvinyl chloride as packing material in cooling tower: Energy efficiency and environmental impact assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112190. [PMID: 33636623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an abundant and fast-growing biomass, bamboo can be used as construction materials owing to its desirable physical and mechanical properties, environmentally friendly features, and alternative to replace toxic and hazardous wastes in industrial processing. In this study, grid material made from bamboo (termed 'bamboo grid') was developed and compared to commercially used polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as packing material in cooling towers; PVC packing has drawbacks such as fouling, deposit buildup, low durability, and is harmful to environments. The cooling capacity, energy efficiency and environmental impact of bamboo grid packing were evaluated via life cycle assessment (LCA), particularly the cumulative energy demand (CED) and the Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES). Although the thermal performance of the PVC packing was found higher than that of the bamboo grid packing, the bamboo grid packing showed improved resistance characteristic, recording a total saving of 529.2 tons of standard coal during a six-month field test in a real thermal power generation plant. LCA results revealed that the utilization of bamboo-grid packing to replace PVC packing in cooling towers reduced total CED from 3420 MJ to 561 MJ per functional unit, achieving 6 times reduction. A desirable reduction ranging from 1.5 to 10.5 times was also recorded for the BEES indices. This LCA comparison analysis confirmed the improvement of energy efficiency and reduction of environmental impact by using the bamboo grid to replace PVC as packing material in cooling towers. The major environmental impact (BEES) indices (e.g., the total Global warming potential, Acidification, Eutrophication and Smog) were reduced by 1.5-10.5 times via the use of bamboo grid. The results demonstrate that bamboo grid packing is a good alternative to replace existing grid packing materials such as concrete and PVC that are harmful to human health and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Eastern Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-Built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Liping Cai
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Lisheng Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Yunan, 550025, China
| | - Benhua Fei
- Department of Biomaterials, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Eastern Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-Built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Jiping Lu
- Hengda Bamboo Filler Limited Company, Yixing, Jiangsu, 214200, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- SFA and Beijing Co-Built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100102, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Cao Q, Meng F, Song B, Bai Z, Zhao Y, Chen D, Zhou Y, Song M. A Fenton-like system of biochar loading Fe-Al layered double hydroxides (FeAl-LDH@BC) / H 2O 2 for phenol removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128992. [PMID: 33303228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
FeAl-layered double hydroxide (FeAl-LDH) supported by char was synthesized using the hydrothermal method in order to activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to degrade phenol. The effects of char type, char synthesis amount, and several important parameters on the degradation were investigated. In addition, the physicochemical properties of FeAl-LDH@BC were revealed by instruments including the transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR). The results showed that the degradation efficiency of phenol (80 mg/L) by FeAl-LDH@BC0.25 was 85.28% at a pH of 3 and H2O2 concentration of 400 mg/L, and exhibited good reusability with a small amount of iron leaching. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and radical quenching results indicated that ·OH radicals were the main participant during the degradation process, and XRD and FTIR spectra showed that FeAl-LDH was dissolved and rebuilt during the degradation process, and a small amount of iron was leached out resulting in the homogeneous catalysis. Hence, both homogeneous and heterogeneous processes occurred in the phenol oxidation process. Further soil remediation experiments showed that FeAl-LDH@BC0.25 could also effectively degrade phenol in soil, although the efficiency was lower than that in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fanyue Meng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Bing Song
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhongqiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Unravelling the Environmental Application of Biochar as Low-Cost Biosorbent: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this age, a key target for enhancing the competitiveness of the chemical, environmental and biotechnology industries is to manufacture high-value products more efficiently and especially with significantly reduced environmental impact. Under this premise, the conversion of biomass waste to a high-value added product, biochar, is an interesting approach under the circular economy principles. Thus, the improvements in the biochar production and its new and innovative uses are hot points of interest, which are the focus of vast efforts of the scientific community. Biochar has been recognized as a material of great potential, and its use as an adsorbent is becoming a reliable strategy for the removal of pollutants of different streams, according to its high adsorption capacity and potential to eliminate recalcitrant compounds. In this review, a succinct overview of current actions developed to improve the adsorption capability of biochar, mainly of heavy metal and organic pollutants (dyes, pharmaceuticals and personal care products), is summarized and discussed, and the principal adsorption mechanisms are described. The feedstock and the production procedure are revealed as key factors that provide the appropriate physicochemical characteristics for the good performance of biochar as an adsorbent. In addition, the modification of the biochar by the different described approaches proved their feasibility and became a good strategy for the design of selective adsorbents. In the last part of this review, the novel prospects in the regeneration of the biochar are presented in order to achieve a clean technology for alleviating the water pollution challenge.
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