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Mushtaq T, Ashraf S, Hameed H, Irfan A, Shahid M, Kanwal R, Aslam MA, Shahid H, Koh-E-Noor, Shazly GA, Khan MA, Jardan YAB. Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Their Association with Social Media Addiction among Youths. Nutrients 2023; 15:4687. [PMID: 37960340 PMCID: PMC10647586 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders and excessive attachment to social media are a matter of great concern among youths. This study assessed the prevalence of eating disorders and their association with social media addiction among youths. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 participants aged 14-25 years. Two pre-validated tools were used, i.e., the Eating Attitude Test and the Social Networking Addiction Scale. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Out of the 350 students, 42% had probable eating disorders, and 41.7% had social media addictions. The findings revealed that the chances of having eating disorders were significantly higher among youths who lived in separate places, smoked, and had a family history of eating disorders (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the dieting domain displayed notably higher scores for youths living separately (p ≤ 0.05) and smokers (p ≤ 0.01). Moreover, the scores for bulimia and food preoccupation were significantly higher among participants who were married (p = 0.038), were smokers (p = 0.027), and had a family history of eating disorders (p = 0.001). Higher scores in the oral control domain were reported by females (p ≤ 0.05) and severely obese youths (p ≤ 0.01). Moreover, social media addiction was significantly higher among students aged 18-21 (p ≤ 0.01). Spearman's correlation revealed that social media addiction has a weak positive relationship with eating disorders (r = 0.133, p ≤ 0.01), particularly bulimia and food preoccupation (r = 0.173, p ≤ 0.001). This reflects the need to address the harmful consequences of social media addiction that might raise the likelihood of developing eating disorders, particularly bulimia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehreem Mushtaq
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Seemab Ashraf
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Maria Shahid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rabbia Kanwal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Aslam
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hijab Shahid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Koh-E-Noor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Gamal A. Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahtab Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lubeck, 23566 Lubeck, Germany
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Yakovleva YV, Kasyanov ED, Mazo GE. Prevalence of eating disorders in patients with bipolar disorder: a scoping review of the literature. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2023; 4:91-106. [PMID: 38250644 PMCID: PMC10795952 DOI: 10.17816/cp6338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorder (ED) and bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit certain phenomenological similarities rooted in eating behavior and emotional regulation. However, despite the growing body of research on the comorbidity of ED and BD, scientific data on the concurrent course of these disorders has remained poorly systematized. AIM To conduct a scoping review of published data on the prevalence of various types of ED among patients with BD types I and II in the context of the sex and clinical features of the concurrent course of these disorders. METHODS The analysis was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. The search was conducted in the MEDLINE electronic database. Studies were included if they were focused samples of patients diagnosed with BD and ED, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth and fifth editions (DSM-IV, DSM-5), or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth Revision (ICD-10), were used for the verification of the ED and BD diagnoses. The descriptive analysis method was used to summarize the review findings. RESULTS A total of 41 studies were selected for the review. Lifetime ED in patients with BD ranged from 2.2% to 31.1%, and the prevalence rates of BD among patients with ED varied from 11.3% to 68.1%. ED nominally had a higher prevalence among individuals with BD type II and females. Additionally, the presence of ED in patients with BD was associated with earlier onset of mood disorder, a higher number of depressive episodes, higher levels of atypical depressive symptoms, suicide attempts, as well as a higher frequency of comorbid obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders, addictions, and various metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION Despite the high degree of volatility in the results, the prevalence rates of a concurrent course of ED and BD are rather high. For this reason, screening for ED in patients with BD and vice versa holds significant value in the accurate diagnosis and selection of the most effective therapy. The patterns of comorbidity among different types of ED and BD, depending on gender, need further exploration in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana V. Yakovleva
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology
| | - Evgeny D. Kasyanov
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology
| | - Galina E. Mazo
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology
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3
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Zakhour M, Haddad C, Sacre H, Tarabay C, Zeidan RK, Akel M, Hallit R, Kheir N, Obeid S, Salameh P, Hallit S. Differences in the Associations between Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Outcomes by Gender? A Lebanese Population Study. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2021; 69:134-144. [PMID: 33965268 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the interaction between body dissatisfaction and gender on eating disorders (restrained eating, binge eating, orthorexia nervosa, and emotional eating) among a sample of Lebanese adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted between January and May 2018, enrolled 811 participants selected randomly from all Lebanese Mohafazat. The mean age of the participants was 27.6±11.8 years. The majority were females (66.5%), had a high level of education (73.2%), and low income (77.9%). This study used the following scales: body dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory-second version, binge eating scale, Dutch restrained eating scale, orthorexia nervosa scale (ORTHO-15 scale), emotional eating scale, perceived stress scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS Body dissatisfaction was positively correlated to restrained eating (r=0.293, P<0.001), emotional eating (r=0.073, P=0.042) and binge eating (r=0.250, P<0.001). The interaction between body dissatisfaction and gender was significantly associated with more restrained eating (Beta=0.01, P<0.001) and orthorexia nervosa (Beta=-0.09, P<0.001), but not with emotional (Beta=-0.43, P=0.103) and binge eating (Beta=-0.08, P=0.358). When stratifying the analysis by gender, the results revealed that higher body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with more restrained eating in both genders, but particularly among women. Body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with higher emotional eating in men only and with higher orthorexia nervosa tendencies and behaviors in females only. CONCLUSION The interaction between body dissatisfaction and gender was significantly associated with orthorexia nervosa and restrained eating but not with binge or emotional eating. Higher body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with higher restrained eating, more pronounced in women, while it was significantly associated with higher orthorexia tendencies (lower ORTO-15 scores) in women only. Body dissatisfaction was associated with emotional eating in men only.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zakhour
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - C Haddad
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon,INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CH Esquirol Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - C Tarabay
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - R K Zeidan
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon,CERIPH: Center for Research in Public Health, Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon,Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - M Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - N Kheir
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - S Obeid
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - P Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon,University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - S Hallit
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
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4
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Fornaro M, Daray FM, Hunter F, Anastasia A, Stubbs B, De Berardis D, Shin JI, Husain MI, Dragioti E, Fusar-Poli P, Solmi M, Berk M, Vieta E, Carvalho AF. The prevalence, odds and predictors of lifespan comorbid eating disorder among people with a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorders, and vice-versa: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 280:409-431. [PMID: 33227671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are scarce and discrepant data about the prevalence and correlates of co-occurring eating disorders (EDs) among people with a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD), and vice-versa, compelling a systematic review and meta-analysis on the matter. METHODS MEDLINE/PsycINFO databases were systematically searched for original studies documenting BD⇌ED comorbidity across the lifespan, from inception up until April 20th, 2020. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were conducted, accounting for multiple moderators. RESULTS Thirty-six studies involved 15,084 primary BD patients. Eleven studies encompassed 15,146 people with primary EDs. Binge eating disorder (BED) occurred in 12.5% (95%C.I.=9.4-16.6%, I2=93.48%) of BDs, while 9.1% (95%C.I.=3.3-22.6%) of BEDs endorsed BD. Bulimia Nervosa (BN) occurred in 7.4% (95%C.I.=6-10%) of people with BD, whereas 6.7% (95%C.I.=12-29.2%) of subjects with BN had a diagnosis of BD. Anorexia Nervosa (AN) occurred in 3.8% (95%C.I.=2-6%) of people with BDs; 2% (95%C.I.=1-2%) of BD patients had a diagnosis of AN. Overall, BD patients with EDs had higher odds of being female vs. non-ED controls. Several moderators yielded statistically significant differences both within- and between different types of BDs and EDs. LIMITATIONS Scant longitudinal studies, especially across different EDs and pediatric samples. High heterogeneity despite subgroup comparisons. Limited discrimination of the quality of the evidence. CONCLUSIONS The rates of BD⇌ED comorbidity vary across different diagnostic groups, more than they do according to the "direction" of BD⇌ED. Further primary studies should focus on the risks, chronology, clinical impact, and management of the onset of intertwined BD⇌ED across different ages, promoting a continuum approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fornaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Polyedra Research Foundation, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Federico Manuel Daray
- The University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Argentina.
| | - Fernando Hunter
- The University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Argentina
| | | | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK; Health Service and Population Research Department and the Department of Psychological, London, UK
| | | | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Ishrat Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marco Solmi
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Michael Berk
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - André Ferrer Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
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Obeid S, Chok A, Sacre H, Haddad C, Tahan F, Ghanem L, Azar J, Hallit S. Are eating disorders associated with bipolar disorder type I? Results of a Lebanese case-control study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:326-334. [PMID: 32627196 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between disordered eating and bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS/DESIGN A case-control study, conducted between April and September 2018, enrolled 50 patients and 50 controls. RESULTS Higher eating attitude test scores were significantly associated with the presence of BD. This association remained after the introduction of other factors (marital status, family history of BD, shopping and gambling addictions, sleep quality, and insomnia severity) that were also associated with the presence of BD. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study suggested that eating disorders are associated with BD type I, independent of mediating factors. Health care providers should consider pharmacological or psychotherapeutic interventions that could treat both syndromes sparingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Obeid
- Departments of Research, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Chok
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Departments of Research, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Tahan
- Departments of Research, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Lara Ghanem
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Jocelyne Azar
- Departments of Research, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
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Necrotizing Sialometaplasia and Bulimia: A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56040188. [PMID: 32325833 PMCID: PMC7231379 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bulimia is an eating disorder with a great prevalence in young women. Due to its multifactor ethiology, bulimia has systemic consequences. In the literature, necrotising sialometaplasia is seldom associated with bulimia. Its etiopathogenesis is discussed by several authors; nevertheless, the consensus does not consider the relevance of local trauma associated with induced vomiting. A case of necrotising sialomethaplasia, presented with a single hard palatal ulcer in a bulimic woman is described in the present report. The patient did not present significant systemic laboratorial values, nor physical weight variations, which highlights the relevance of performing a complete medical clinical history when diagnosing this rare pathology.
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7
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Larsen PS, Strandberg-Larsen K, Olsen EM, Micali N, Nybo Andersen AM. Parental characteristics in association with disordered eating in 11- to 12-year-olds: A study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:315-328. [PMID: 29700895 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between parental characteristics and disordered eating among 11- to 12-year-olds within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Frequency of fasting, purging, and binge eating was obtained by self-report from 37,592 children and combined into a measure of disordered eating (no, monthly, and weekly). Information on parental characteristics was obtained during pregnancy, from the 7-year follow-up, and by linkage to population registers. Data were analysed using multinomial logistic regression models with robust standard errors. In total, 3.1% reported weekly and 4.1% reported monthly disordered eating. Parental young age, low educational level, and overweight/obesity were associated with disordered eating. The relative risk ratios for, respectively, weekly and monthly disordered eating according to maternal eating disorder were 1.01 [0.75, 1.37] and 1.09 [0.84, 1.42]. Disordered eating is common among children and is associated with several parental characteristics. We found social inequality in disordered eating, but our data did not support an association with maternal eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Stemann Larsen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Else Marie Olsen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Healthcare Services, Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Nadia Micali
- UCL - Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Department de 'enfant et de l'adolescent, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Cavallini AQ, Erekson DM, Steinberg RM, Clayson RA, Albright DD. Family History, Gender, and Eating and Body Image Concerns in University Students Seeking Counseling Services. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2017.1350123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Q. Cavallini
- Counseling and Psychological Services, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - David M. Erekson
- Counseling and Psychological Services, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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10
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Exploring food reward and calorie intake in self-perceived food addicts. Appetite 2017; 115:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Cuesto G, Everaerts C, León LG, Acebes A. Molecular bases of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: shedding light on the darkness. J Neurogenet 2017; 31:266-287. [PMID: 28762842 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2017.1353092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eating-disorders (EDs) consequences to human health are devastating, involving social, mental, emotional, physical and life-threatening aspects, concluding on impairment and death in cases of extreme anorexia nervosa. It also implies that people suffering an ED need to find psychiatric and psychological help as soon as possible to achieve a fully physical and emotional recovery. Unfortunately, to date, there is a crucial lack of efficient clinical treatment to these disorders. In this review, we present an overview concerning the actual pharmacological and psychological treatments, the knowledge of cells, circuits, neuropeptides, neuromodulators and hormones in the human brain- and other organs- underlying these disorders, the studies in animal models and, finally, the genetic approaches devoted to face this challenge. We will also discuss the need for new perspectives, avenues and strategies to be developed in order to pave the way to novel and more efficient therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Cuesto
- a Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands , Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Claude Everaerts
- b Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation , UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | - Leticia G León
- c Cancer Pharmacology Lab , AIRC Start Up Unit, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Angel Acebes
- a Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands , Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
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12
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Segura-Garcia C, Caroleo M, Rania M, Barbuto E, Sinopoli F, Aloi M, Arturi F, De Fazio P. Binge Eating Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum disorders in obesity: Psychopathological and eating behaviors differences according to comorbidities. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:424-430. [PMID: 27846411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is not a mental disorder, yet DSM-5 recognizes a strong association between obesity and psychiatric syndromes. Disorders within the Bipolar Spectrum (BSD) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) are the most frequent psychiatric disorders among obese patients. The aim of this research is to investigate the psychopathological differences and the distinctive eating behaviors that accompany these comorbidities in obese patients. METHODS One hundred and nineteen obese patients (40 males; 79 females) underwent psychological evaluation and psychiatric interview, and a dietitian evaluated their eating habits. Patients were divided into four groups according to comorbidities, and comparisons were run accordingly. RESULTS Forty-one percent of participants presented BED+BSD comorbidity (Group 1), 21% BED (Group 2) and 8% BSD (Group 3); only 29% obese participants had no comorbidity (Group 4). Female gender was overrepresented among Groups 1 and 2. BSD diagnosis varied according to comorbidities: Type II Bipolar Disorder and Other Specified and Related Bipolar Disorder (OSR BD) were more frequent in Group 1 and Type I Bipolar Disorder in Group 3. A trend of decreasing severity in eating behaviors and psychopathology was evident according to comorbidities (Group 1=Group2>Group3>Group 4). LIMITATIONS Limitations include the small sample size and the cross-sectional design of the study. CONCLUSIONS BED and BSD are frequent comorbidities in obesity. Type II Bipolar Disorder and OSR BD are more frequent in the group with double comorbidity. The double comorbidity seems associated to more severe eating behaviors and psychopathology. Distinctive pathological eating behaviors could be considered as warning signals, symptomatic of psychiatric comorbidities in Obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariarita Caroleo
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marianna Rania
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Barbuto
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flora Sinopoli
- Dietetic Service, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Aloi
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Munn-Chernoff MA, Baker JH. A Primer on the Genetics of Comorbid Eating Disorders and Substance Use Disorders. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 24:91-100. [PMID: 26663753 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently co-occur; however, the reasons for this are unclear. We review the current literature on genetic risk for EDs and SUDs, as well as preliminary findings exploring whether these classes of disorders have overlapping genetic risk. Overall, genetic factors contribute to individual differences in liability to multiple EDs and SUDs. Although initial family studies concluded that no shared familial (which includes genetic) risk between EDs and SUDs exists, twin studies suggest a moderate proportion of shared variance is attributable to overlapping genetic factors, particularly for those EDs characterized by binge eating and/or inappropriate compensatory behaviours. No adoption or molecular genetic studies have examined shared genetic risk between these classes of disorders. Research investigating binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviours using emerging statistical genetic methods, as well as examining gene-environment interplay, will provide important clues into the aetiology of comorbid EDs and SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Blomquist KK, Grilo CM. Family histories of anxiety in overweight men and women with binge eating disorder: A preliminary investigation. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 62:161-9. [PMID: 26343481 PMCID: PMC4583821 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A preliminary examination of the significance of family histories of anxiety in the expression of binge eating disorder (BED) and associated functioning. METHODS Participants were 166 overweight patients with BED assessed using diagnostic interviews. Participants were administered a structured psychiatric history interview about their first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, children) (N=897) to determine lifetime diagnoses of DSM-IV anxiety disorders and completed a battery of questionnaires assessing current and historical eating and weight variables and associated psychological functioning (depression). RESULTS BED patients with a family history of anxiety disorder were significantly more likely than BED patients without a family history of anxiety disorder to have lifetime diagnoses of anxiety disorders and mood disorders but not substance use disorders. A family history of anxiety was not significantly associated with timing or sequencing of age at onset of anxiety disorder, binge eating, dieting, or obesity, or with variability in current levels of binge eating, eating disorder psychopathology, or psychological functioning. CONCLUSIONS Although replication with direct interview method is needed, our preliminary findings suggest that a family history of anxiety confers greater risk for comorbid anxiety and mood disorders but is largely unrelated to the development of binge eating, dieting, or obesity and unrelated to variability in eating disorder psychopathology or psychological functioning in overweight patients with BED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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15
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Blanco C, García-Anaya M, Wall M, de los Cobos JCP, Swierad E, Wang S, Petry NM. Should pathological gambling and obesity be considered addictive disorders? A factor analytic study in a nationally representative sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 150:129-34. [PMID: 25769392 PMCID: PMC4387020 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathological gambling (PG) is now aligned with substance use disorders in the DSM-5 as the first officially recognized behavioral addiction. There is growing interest in examining obesity as an addictive disorder as well. The goal of this study was to investigate whether epidemiological data provide support for the consideration of PG and obesity as addictive disorders. METHOD Factor analysis of data from a large, nationally representative sample of US adults (N=43,093), using nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, PG and obesity as indicators. It was hypothesized that nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence and drug use dependence would load on a single factor. It was further hypothesized that if PG and obesity were addictive disorders, they would load on the same factor as substance use disorders, whereas failure to load on the addictive factor would not support their conceptualization as addictive disorders. RESULTS A model with one factor including nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, drug dependence and PG, but not obesity, provided a very good fit to the data, as indicated by CFI=0.99, TLI=0.99 and RMSEA=0.01 and loadings of all indicators >0.4. CONCLUSION Data from this study support the inclusion of PG in a latent factor with substance use disorders but do not lend support to the consideration of obesity, as defined by BMI, as an addictive disorder. Future research should investigate whether certain subtypes of obesity are best conceptualized as addictive disorders and the shared biological and environmental factors that account for the common and specific features of addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - María García-Anaya
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University,Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City
| | - Melanie Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University,Department of Biostatistics, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University
| | - José Carlos Pérez de los Cobos
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, (IIB Sant Pau) Departament de Psiguiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewelina Swierad
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University
| | - Nancy M. Petry
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center
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16
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Davis C. A narrative review of binge eating and addictive behaviors: shared associations with seasonality and personality factors. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:183. [PMID: 24409156 PMCID: PMC3873524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder and seasonal affective disorder were first described as clinically relevant conditions in very close temporal proximity a few decades ago. Both disorders have a higher prevalence rate in woman than in men, are characterized by a high proneness-to-stress and manifest heightened responsiveness to high-calorie, hyper-palatable foods. In recent years, a compelling body of evidence suggests that foods high in sugar and fat have the potential to alter brain reward circuitry in a manner similar to that seen when addictive drugs like alcohol and heroin are consumed in excess. These findings have led to suggestions that some cases of compulsive overeating may be understood as an addiction to sweet, fatty, and salty foods. In this paper, it is proposed that high seasonality is a risk factor for binge eating, especially in those characterized by anxious and impulsive personality traits - associations that could only occur in an environment with a superfluity of, and easy access to, rich and tasty foods. Given the well-established links between binge eating and addiction disorders [Ref. (1-3) for reviews], it is also suggested that seasonality, together with the same high-risk psychological profile, exacerbates the likelihood of engaging in a broad range of addictive behaviors. Data from a community sample (n = 412) of adults tested these models using linear regression procedures. Results confirmed that symptoms of binge eating and other addictive behaviors were significantly inter-correlated, and that seasonality, gender, and addictive personality traits were strong statistical predictors of the variance in binge-eating scores. Seasonality and addictive personality traits also accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in the measure of addictive behaviors. Conclusions are discussed in the context of brain reward mechanisms, motivational alternations in response to chronic over-consumption, and their relevance for the treatment of excessive appetitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Davis
- Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University , Toronto, ON , Canada
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17
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Schreiber LRN, Odlaug BL, Grant JE. The overlap between binge eating disorder and substance use disorders: Diagnosis and neurobiology. J Behav Addict 2013; 2:191-8. [PMID: 25215200 PMCID: PMC4154572 DOI: 10.1556/jba.2.2013.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Binge eating disorder (BED) is a relatively common condition, especially in young adult females, and is characterized by chronic over-consumption of food resulting in embarrassment, distress, and potential health problems. It is formally included as a disorder in DSM-5 for the first time, an acknowledgement to its debilitating nature. This article explores the overlap between binge eating disorder and substance use disorders (SUD). METHODS The bibliographic search was a computerized screen of PubMed databases from January 1990 to the present. Binge eating disorder, substance use disorder, binging, obesity, food addiction, comorbidity, dopamine, opioid, serotonin, glutamate, and pharmacological treatment were the keywords used in searching. RESULTS BED shares similar phenomenology to SUD, including significant urges to engage in binging episodes, resulting in distress and impairment. Similar neurobiological pathways are found in both BED and SUD and medications based on similar neurobiology have been examined for both disorders. A subset of individuals with BED may have a "food addiction", but there is no clinical agreement on the meaning of "food addiction". Exploring the relationship between BED and obesity may also shed light on the extent to which BED can be viewed as an addiction. CONCLUSIONS Overall, nascent research regarding BED and SUD suggests an overlap between these disorders, but there are discrepancies between these two disorders that need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon E. Grant
- ,
Corresponding author. Jon E. Grant Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine; 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USAE-mail: E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made in understanding genetic influences on eating pathology. Eating disorders aggregate in families, and twin studies reveal that additive genetic factors account for approximately 40% to 60% of liability to anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Molecular genetics studies have been undertaken to identify alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid sequence and/or gene expression that may be involved in the pathogenesis of disordered eating behaviors, symptoms, and related disorders and to uncover potential genetic variants that may contribute to variability of treatment response. This article provides an in-depth review of the scientific literature on the genetics of AN, BN, and BED including extant studies, emerging hypotheses, future directions, and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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19
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McElroy SL, Crow S, Biernacka JM, Winham S, Geske J, Cuellar Barboza AB, Prieto ML, Chauhan M, Seymour LR, Mori N, Frye MA. Clinical phenotype of bipolar disorder with comorbid binge eating disorder. J Affect Disord 2013; 150:981-6. [PMID: 23742827 PMCID: PMC5551039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the relationship between binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity in patients with bipolar disorder (BP). METHODS 717 patients participating in the Mayo Clinic Bipolar Biobank completed structured diagnostic interviews and questionnaires for demographic and illness-related variables. They also had weight and height measured to determine body mass index (BMI). The effects of BED and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m(2)), as well as their interaction, were assessed on one measure of general medical burden and six proxies of psychiatric illness burden. RESULTS 9.5% of patients received a clinical diagnosis of BED and 42.8% were obese. BED was associated with a significantly elevated BMI. Both BED and obesity were associated with greater psychiatric and general illness burden, but illness burden profiles differed. After controlling for obesity, BED was associated with suicidality, psychosis, mood instability, anxiety disorder comorbidity, and substance abuse comorbidity. After controlling for BED status, obesity was associated with greater general medical comorbidity, but lower substance abuse comorbidity. There were no significant interaction effects between obesity and BED, or BMI and BED, on any illness burden outcome. LIMITATIONS There may have been insufficient power to detect interactions between BED and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with BP, BED and obesity are highly prevalent and correlated, but associated with different profiles of enhanced illness burden. As the association of BED with greater psychiatric illness burden remained significant even after accounting for the effect of obesity, BP with BED may represent a clinically important sub-phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, 4075 Old Western Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Corresponding author at: Lindner Center of HOPE, 4075 Old Western Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA. Tel.: +1 513 536 0700., , (S.L. McElroy)
| | - Scott Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joanna M. Biernacka
- Divisions of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey Winham
- Divisions of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer Geske
- Divisions of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfredo B. Cuellar Barboza
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Miguel L. Prieto
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mohit Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lisa R. Seymour
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicole Mori
- Lindner Center of HOPE, 4075 Old Western Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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20
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Rosenbaum DL, White KS. The Role of Anxiety in Binge Eating Behavior: A Critical Examination of Theory and Empirical Literature. Health Psychol Res 2013; 1:e19. [PMID: 26973904 PMCID: PMC4768578 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2013.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript is to expand the understanding of binge eating by reviewing the role of aspects of negative affect. Specifically, this paper will present evidence for further investigation of the bearing that anxiety may have in binge eating development and maintenance. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the relation of binge eating and anxiety was performed. Valuable contributions have been made to the binge eating literature regarding some aspects of negative affect (i.e., depression); however, outside of bulimia nervosa studies, much of the theoretical and empirical binge eating research to date has not directly addressed the role of anxiety. Research supports expansion of investigations of negative emotionality and binge eating to include specific study of anxiety. Greater inclusivity and specificity in the unique contributions of various negative emotions may further the development of temporal models and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Saint Louis , St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kamila S White
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Saint Louis , St. Louis, MO, USA
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21
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Bautista-Díaz ML, Franco-Paredes K, Mancilla-Díaz JM, Alvarez-Rayón G, López-Aguilar X, Ocampo Téllez-Girón T, Soto-González Y. Body dissatisfaction and socio-cultural factors in women with and without BED: their relation with eating psychopathology. Eat Weight Disord 2012; 17:e86-92. [PMID: 22314226 DOI: 10.3275/8243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to assess the role of body dissatisfaction and socio-cultural factors on eating psychopathology in women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and women without BED. Seventy obese women consecutively evaluated participated: 35 with BED and 35 without BED who attended for the first time in a weight loss program. All participants completed a battery of questionnaires, including: Body Shape Questionnaire, Questionnaire of Influences on the Aesthetic Body Shape Model, Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns, Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, and they were interviewed with the Interview for the Diagnosis of Eating Disorder-IV. The Body Mass Index, Waist-to-Hip Ratio and Body Fat were calculated. The results showed that 21% of obese women who participated in a weight reduction program met BED criteria. The scores of body dissatisfaction, influences of socio-cultural factors and eating psychopathology were higher in women with BED compared with women without BED. In the same way, significantly stronger correlations were found among influences of socio-cultural factors, specifically, influence of advertisement, social relations and eating psychopathology in women with BED than women without BED. It is concluded that the high body dissatisfaction as well as stronger associations among influence of socio-cultural factors and eating psychopathology could play an important role in women with BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bautista-Díaz
- Eating Disorder Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-UNAM, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México CP. 54090, México.
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22
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Sachs-Ericsson N, Keel PK, Holland L, Selby EA, Verona E, Cougle JR, Palmer E. Parental disorders, childhood abuse, and binge eating in a large community sample. Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:316-25. [PMID: 21608009 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic and nonshared environmental factors are implicated in the etiology of binge eating behaviors (BEB), with genetic risk expressed as parental psychopathology. Traumatic experiences including child abuse predict onset of BEB. It is not clear if each separately contribute to BEB, or whether parental pathology leads to abuse which in turn influences BEB. METHOD Data were obtained from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (N = 2960). Through structural equation modeling, we estimated unique and combined effects of mother's and father's internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) disorders, and child abuse on BEB. RESULTS Parental INT and EXT psychopathology contributed to child abuse and BEB. Abuse predicted BEB and partially mediated associations between parental psychopathology and BEB. DISCUSSION Results emphasize the value of models that incorporate nature and nurture to understand risk for psychopathology in offspring, with childhood abuse being one mediator of how parental psychopathology may reflect genetic risk and influence environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sachs-Ericsson
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4301, USA.
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23
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Pace U, Cacioppo M, Schimmenti A. The moderating role of father's care on the onset of binge eating symptoms among female late adolescents with insecure attachment. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2012; 43:282-92. [PMID: 22076662 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-011-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the association between quality of attachment, perception of the father's bond, and binge eating symptoms in a sample of female late adolescents. In total, 233 female students aged between 18 and 20 years completed measures on binge eating, quality of attachment and parent-child relationship. Data showed that respondents with binge symptoms reported lower scores on secure attachment and father's care, and higher scores on preoccupied and fearful attachment. Binge eating symptoms were associated with father's care, but not with father's overprotection. Also, binge symptoms were negatively associated with secure attachment styles, and positively with preoccupied and fearful attachment. The data, finally, provided evidence that at higher levels of preoccupied attachment, the impact of binge symptoms tended to be lower when father's care was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Pace
- Department of Human and Social Science, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.
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24
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Ziauddeen H, Farooqi IS, Fletcher PC. Obesity and the brain: how convincing is the addiction model? Nat Rev Neurosci 2012; 13:279-86. [PMID: 22414944 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An increasingly influential perspective conceptualizes both obesity and overeating as a food addiction accompanied by corresponding brain changes. Because there are far-reaching implications for clinical practice and social policy if it becomes widely accepted, a critical evaluation of this model is important. We examine the current evidence for the link between addiction and obesity, identifying several fundamental shortcomings in the model, as well as weaknesses and inconsistencies in the empirical support for it from human neuroscientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
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25
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Blomquist KK, Masheb RM, White MA, Grilo CM. Parental substance use history of overweight men and women with binge eating disorder is associated with distinct developmental trajectories and comorbid mood disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2011; 52:693-700. [PMID: 21296344 PMCID: PMC3136611 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the significance of parental histories of substance use disorders (SUDs) in the expression of binge eating disorder (BED) and associated functioning. METHOD Participants were 127 overweight patients with BED assessed using diagnostic interviews. Participants were administered a structured psychiatric history interview about their parents (N = 250) and completed a battery of questionnaires assessing current and historical eating and weight variables and associated psychological functioning (depression and self-esteem). RESULTS Patients with BED with a parental history of SUD were significantly more likely to start binge eating before dieting, had a significantly earlier age at BED onset, and reported less time between binge eating onset and meeting diagnostic criteria for BED than did patients without a parental history of SUD. For psychiatric comorbidity, patients with BED with a parental history of SUD were significantly more likely to meet the criteria for a mood disorder. A parental history of SUD was not significantly associated with variability in current levels of binge eating, eating disorder psychopathology, or psychological functioning. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that a parental history of SUD is associated with certain distinct trajectories in the development of binge eating (earlier binge onset predating dieting onset) and with elevated rates of comorbidity with mood disorders in patients with BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin K. Blomquist
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robin M. Masheb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marney A. White
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carlos M. Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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26
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Hilbert A, Wilfley DE, Dohm FA, Pike KM, Fairburn CG, Striegel-Moore RH. Clarifying boundaries of binge eating disorder and psychiatric comorbidity: a latent structure analysis. Behav Res Ther 2011; 49:202-11. [PMID: 21292241 PMCID: PMC3051108 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) presents with substantial psychiatric comorbidity. This latent structure analysis sought to delineate boundaries of BED given its comorbidity with affective and anxiety disorders. A population-based sample of 151 women with BED, 102 women with affective or anxiety disorders, and 259 women without psychiatric disorders was assessed with clinical interviews and self-report-questionnaires. Taxometric analyses were conducted using DSM-IV criteria of BED and of affective and anxiety disorders. The results showed a taxonic structure of BED and of affective and anxiety disorders. Both taxa co-occurred at an above-chance level, but also presented independently with twice-as-large probabilities. Within the BED taxon, diagnostic co-occurrence indicated greater general psychopathology, lower social adaptation, and greater premorbid exposure to parental mood and substance disorder, but not greater eating disorder psychopathology. Eating disorder psychopathology discriminated individuals in the BED taxon from individuals in the affective and anxiety disorders taxon. Diagnostic criteria of BED were more indicative of the BED taxon than were criteria of affective and anxiety disorders. The results show that at the latent level, BED was co-occurring with, yet distinct from, affective and anxiety disorders and was not characterized by an underlying affective or anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hilbert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of
Fribourg, Rue P.-A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Denise E. Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660
South Euclid, Campus Box 8134, 63110 St. Louis, Missouri, USW
| | - Faith-Anne Dohm
- Graduate School of Education & Allied Professions, Fairfield
University, 1073 North Benson Road, 06824 Connecticut, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Pike
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit 98, Columbia University, 1051
Riverside Drive, 10032 New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ruth H. Striegel-Moore
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, PO Box 173440,
59717-3440 Bozeman, Montana, USA
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27
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McElroy SL, Frye MA, Hellemann G, Altshuler L, Leverich GS, Suppes T, Keck PE, Nolen WA, Kupka R, Post RM. Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in 875 patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2011; 128:191-8. [PMID: 20674033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Relatively little is known about the co-occurrence of bipolar and eating disorders. We therefore assessed the prevalence and clinical correlates of eating disorders in 875 patients with bipolar disorder. METHOD 875 outpatients with DSM-IV bipolar I or II disorder were evaluated with structured diagnostic interviews and clinician- and self-administered questionnaires to determine bipolar and eating disorder diagnoses, other comorbid Axis I disorder diagnoses, and demographic and historical illness characteristics. RESULTS 125 (14.3%) patients met DSM-IV criteria for at least one comorbid lifetime Axis I eating disorder, with binge eating disorder (N=77) being more common than bulimia nervosa (n=42) and anorexia nervosa (N=27). There were no significant eating disorder comorbidity differences between bipolar I and bipolar II patients. Presence of a lifetime comorbid eating disorder was associated with female gender, younger age, earlier age of onset of mood symptoms and of bipolar disorder, presentation in a mixed episode, greater number of prior mood episodes, history of rapid cycling and suicide attempts, greater mean BMI, obesity and severe obesity, and family history of depression, bipolar disorder, alcoholism, and drug abuse. When the three eating disorder groups were compared, lifetime anorexia nervosa was associated with normal weight and a lifetime anxiety disorder, lifetime bulimia nervosa was associated with overweight, and lifetime binge eating disorder was associated with obesity and severe obesity. CONCLUSIONS Patients with bipolar disorder, especially women, not infrequently have comorbid eating disorders, and this comorbidity is associated with an earlier age of onset and more severe course of bipolar illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L McElroy
- Craig and Frances Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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Wilson GT. Eating disorders, obesity and addiction. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2010; 18:341-51. [PMID: 20821736 DOI: 10.1002/erv.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An addiction model of both eating disorders and obesity has received increasing attention in the popular and scientific literature. The addiction is viewed as a brain disease that must be directly targeted if treatment is to succeed. Evidence from laboratory feeding studies, epidemiology, genetic and familial research, psychopathological mechanisms, and treatment outcome research on cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is inconsistent with the clinical validity or utility of the addiction model of eating disorders. Neurobiological research has shown commonalities in brain reward processes between obesity and substance abuse disorders. Yet emphasis on apparent similarities overlooks important differences between obesity and drug addiction. Interest in obesity as a brain disease should not detract from a public health focus on the 'toxic food environment' that is arguably responsible for the obesity epidemic and related nutrition-based chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Terence Wilson
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, USA.
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Abstract
Our dramatically changed food environment--since periods in our history when food sources were highly constrained--has presented new challenges for obesity research. For example, these alterations have strongly emphasized the physiological differences between the homeostatic and the hedonic regulation of food intake--the latter being largely responsible for the pronounced increase in obesity in the past few decades. There is also increasing agreement that compulsive overeating shares many parallels with addiction disorders such as drug abuse. These factors have also fostered a renewed interest in identifying individual differences in personality and motivational systems that increase the risk for overeating and weight gain in our population. Reward sensitivity has been the focus of a recent body of compelling research, with evidence favoring two seemingly opposite points of view. On the one hand, studies have found support for a link between low reward sensitivity and obesity, whereas other evidence suggests that a strong appetitive motivation leads to overeating and weight gain. Arguments are provided to reconcile these apparently disparate theories. Finally, the role of impulsivity and its links with symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are discussed, as well as their respective roles in the risk profile for obesity.
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Weintraub D. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: prevalence and possible risk factors. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010; 15 Suppl 3:S110-3. [PMID: 20082968 DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing awareness that impulse control disorders (ICDs), including compulsive gambling, buying, sexual behavior and eating, can occur as a complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, other impulsive or compulsive disorders including dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) and punding are reported. Case reporting and prospective studies documented an association between ICDs and the use of dopamine agonists (DAs), and to a lesser extent levodopa use, while DDS occurs with higher dosages of levodopa or short-acting DAs. Data suggest that risk factors for an ICD may include male sex, younger age or younger age at PD onset, a pre-PD history of ICD symptoms, personal or family history of substance abuse or bipolar disorder, and a personality style characterized by impulsiveness. It is important that PD patients be aware that DA use may lead to the development of one or more ICDs, and clinicians monitor patients as part of routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weintraub
- Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center and the Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA.
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Weintraub D, Hoops S, Shea JA, Lyons KE, Pahwa R, Driver-Dunckley ED, Adler CH, Potenza MN, Miyasaki J, Siderowf AD, Duda JE, Hurtig HI, Colcher A, Horn SS, Stern MB, Voon V. Validation of the questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2009; 24:1461-7. [PMID: 19452562 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As no comprehensive assessment instrument for impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) exists, the aim of this study was to design and assess the psychometric properties of a self-administered screening questionnaire for ICDs and other compulsive behaviors in PD. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease (QUIP) has 3 sections: Section 1 assesses four ICDs (involving gambling, sexual, buying, and eating behaviors), Section 2 other compulsive behaviors (punding, hobbyism, and walkabout), and Section 3 compulsive medication use. For validation, a convenience sample of 157 PD patients at 4 movement disorders centers first completed the QUIP, and then was administered a diagnostic interview by a trained rater blinded to the QUIP results. A shortened instrument (QUIP-S) was then explored. The discriminant validity of the QUIP was high for each disorder or behavior (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [ROC AUC]: gambling = 0.95, sexual behavior = 0.97, buying = 0.87, eating = 0.88, punding = 0.78, hobbyism = 0.93, walkabout = 0.79). On post hoc analysis, the QUIP-S ICD section had similar properties (ROC AUC: gambling = 0.95, sexual behavior = 0.96, buying = 0.87, eating = 0.88). When disorders/behaviors were combined, the sensitivity of the QUIP and QUIP-S to detect an individual with any disorder was 96 and 94%, respectively. Scores on the QUIP appear to be valid as a self-assessment screening instrument for a range of ICDs and other compulsive behaviors that occur in PD, and a shortened version may perform as well as the full version. A positive screen should be followed by a comprehensive, clinical interview to determine the range and severity of symptoms, as well as need for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Agras WS, Crow S, Mitchell JE, Halmi KA, Bryson S. A 4-year prospective study of eating disorder NOS compared with full eating disorder syndromes. Int J Eat Disord 2009; 42:565-70. [PMID: 19544557 PMCID: PMC2862563 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the course of Eating Disorder NOS (EDNOS) compared with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD Prospective study of 385 participants meeting DSM-IV criteria for AN, BN, BED, and EDNOS at three sites. Recruitment was from the community and specialty clinics. Participants were followed at 6-month intervals during a 4-year period using the Eating Disorder Examination as the primary assessment. RESULTS EDNOS remitted significantly more quickly that AN or BN but not BED. There were no differences between EDNOS and full ED syndromes, or the subtypes of EDNOS, in time to relapse following first remission. Only 18% of the EDNOS group had never had or did not develop another ED diagnosis during the study; however, this group did not differ from the remaining EDNOS group. DISCUSSION EDNOS appears to be a way station between full ED syndromes and recovery, and to a lesser extent from recovery or EDNOS status to a full ED. Implications for DSM-V are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Stewart Agras
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,Correspondence to: Dr W. Stewart Agras (, Telephone: 650-725-5734, Fax: 650-723-9807)
| | - Scott Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN
| | - James E Mitchell
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Services, Fargo, ND
| | | | - Susan Bryson
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Davis C, Carter JC. Compulsive overeating as an addiction disorder. A review of theory and evidence. Appetite 2009; 53:1-8. [PMID: 19500625 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
There is an increasing awareness that impulse control disorders (ICDs), including compulsive gambling, buying, sexual behavior, and eating, can occur as a complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, other impulsive or compulsive disorders have been reported to occur, including dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) and punding. Case reporting and prospective studies have reported an association between ICDs and the use of dopamine agonists (DAs), particularly at greater dosages, whereas dopamine dysregulation syndrome has been associated with greater dosages of levodopa or short-acting DAs. Data suggest that risk factors for an ICD may include male sex, younger age or younger age at PD onset, a pre-PD history of ICD symptoms, personal or family history of substance abuse or bipolar disorder, and a personality style characterized by impulsiveness. Although psychiatric medications are used clinically in the treatment of ICDs, there is no empiric evidence supporting their use in PD. Therefore, management for clinically significant ICD symptoms should consist of modifications to dopamine replacement therapy, particularly DAs, and there is emerging evidence that such management is associated with an overall improvement in ICD symptomatology. It is important that PD patients be aware that DA use may lead to the development of an ICD, and that clinicians monitor patients as part of routine clinical care. As empirically validated treatments for ICDs are emerging, it will be important to examine their efficacy and tolerability in individuals with cooccurring PD and ICDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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