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Raines AM, Koscinski B, Mathes BM, Portero AK, Allan NP, Schmidt NB. Examination of a brief computerized Cognitive Anxiety Sensitivity intervention on obsessive-compulsive symptoms. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61 Suppl 1:93-110. [PMID: 33945163 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the existence of several first-line treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), many patients fail to experience symptom reduction and/or do not complete treatment. As a result, the field has increasingly moved towards identifying and treating malleable underlying risk factors that may in turn improve treatment efficacy. One salient underlying risk factor, anxiety sensitivity (AS) cognitive concerns, has been found to be uniquely associated with obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom dimensions. However, no studies have yet examined whether reductions in AS cognitive concerns will lead to subsequent reductions in OC symptoms. METHODS The current study attempted to fill this gap by recruiting individuals reporting elevations on both AS cognitive concerns and at least one OC symptom dimension. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a one-session AS cognitive concerns intervention (n = 35) or a single health information control session (n = 37). AS cognitive concerns were assessed at post-intervention and one-month follow-up. RESULTS The active intervention produced significantly greater reductions in AS cognitive concerns post-intervention than the control intervention. However, this effect was no longer significant at one-month follow-up. Further, while there was not an effect of treatment condition on OC symptoms at one-month follow-up, changes in AS cognitive concerns from baseline to post-intervention mediated changes in OC symptoms at one-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Findings support previous research attesting to the malleable nature of AS. Extending this research, findings provide initial support for the efficacy of AS interventions among individuals with elevated OC symptoms. PRACTITIONER POINTS Clinicians should consider assessing anxiety sensitivity (AS) among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. If elevated, clinicians should consider targeting AS as an adjunct to treatment as usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Raines
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Brittany M Mathes
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Amberly K Portero
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Pagliaccio D, Durham K, Fitzgerald KD, Marsh R. Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Among Children in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Clinical, Cognitive, and Brain Connectivity Correlates. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:399-409. [PMID: 33495121 PMCID: PMC8035161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) are common and can be an early risk marker for obsessive-compulsive disorder. The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study provides a unique opportunity to characterize OCSs in a large normative sample of school-age children and to explore corticostriatal and task-control circuits implicated in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHODS The ABCD Study acquired data from 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 11,876). Linear mixed-effects models probed associations between OCSs (Child Behavior Checklist) and cognition (NIH Toolbox), brain structure (subcortical volume, cortical thickness), white matter (diffusion tensor imaging), and resting-state functional connectivity. RESULTS OCS scores showed good psychometric properties and high prevalence, and they were related to familial/parental factors, including family conflict. Higher OCS scores related to better cognitive performance (β = .06, t9966.60 = 6.28, p < .001, ηp2= .01), particularly verbal, when controlling for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which related to worse performance. OCSs did not significantly relate to brain structure but did relate to lower superior corticostriatal tract fractional anisotropy (β = -.03, t = -3.07, p = .002, ηp2= .02). Higher OCS scores were related to altered functional connectivity, including weaker connectivity within the dorsal attention network (β = -.04, t7262.87 = -3.71, p < .001, ηp2= .002) and weaker dorsal attention-default mode anticorrelation (β = .04, t7251.95 = 3.94, p < .001, ηp2 = .002). Dorsal attention-default mode connectivity predicted OCS scores at 1 year (β = -.04, t2407.61 = -2.23, p = .03, ηp2 = .03). CONCLUSIONS OCSs are common and may persist throughout childhood. Corticostriatal connectivity and attention network connectivity are likely mechanisms in the subclinical-to-clinical spectrum of OCSs. Understanding correlates and mechanisms of OCSs may elucidate their role in childhood psychiatric risk and suggest potential utility of neuroimaging, e.g., dorsal attention-default mode connectivity, for identifying children at increased risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pagliaccio
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| | - Katherine Durham
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kate D Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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3
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Latent Class Analysis of Mental Health in Middle Childhood: Evidence for the Dual-Factor Model. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-020-09384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMental health is complex, comprising both mental distress and well-being. This study used latent class analysis to identify common combinations of mental distress and well-being (‘mental health classes’) among schoolchildren aged 8–9 years (N = 3340).
Thirteen items, measuring a range of conduct problems, emotional symptoms, and subjective well-being, were included in the analysis. Four mental health classes were identified: (1) complete mental health (n = 1895, 57%), (2) vulnerable (n = 434, 13%), (3) emotional symptoms but content (n = 606, 18%), and (4) conduct problems but content (n = 404, 12%). The classes were reliably identified across different datasets, and for males and females. Differential relations with covariates indicated that mental health classes were distinct and externally valid. The results supported the dual-factor model of mental health, suggesting that mental distress and subjective well-being are separate continua. Three of the four possible combinations of high and low distress and subjective well-being posited by the dual-factor model were found using this inductive statistical method. Importantly, our analysis also revealed two ‘symptomatic but content’ groups, differentiated by symptom domain (internalising/externalising). The covariate analyses between mental health classes and sociodemographic factors, prior academic attainment, school connectedness, and peer support, indicated that there are nuanced relations between those variables and particular constellations of mental distress and well-being. As one of the few dual-factor studies to focus on middle childhood, the current study adds important new evidence that contributes to our understanding of the complexities of mental health among schoolchildren.
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Petersen KJ, Qualter P, Humphrey N. The Application of Latent Class Analysis for Investigating Population Child Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1214. [PMID: 31191405 PMCID: PMC6548989 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Latent class analysis (LCA) can be used to identify subgroups of children with similar patterns of mental health symptoms and/or strengths. The method is becoming more commonly used in child mental health research, but there are reservations about the replicability, reliability, and validity of findings. Objective: A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the extent to which LCA has been used to study population mental health in children, and whether replicable, reliable and valid findings have been demonstrated. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A search of literature, published between January 1998 and December 2017, was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Scopus, ERIC, ASSIA, and Google Scholar. A total of 2,748 studies were initially identified, of which 23 were eligible for review. The review examined the methods which studies had used to choose the number of mental health classes, the classes that they found, and whether there was evidence for the validity and reliability of the classes. Results: Reviewed studies used LCA to investigate both disparate mental health symptoms, and those associated with specific disorders. The corpus of studies using similar indicators was small. Differences in the criteria used to select the final LCA model were found between studies. All studies found meaningful or useful subgroups, but there were differences in the extent to which the validity and reliability of classes were explicitly demonstrated. Conclusions : LCA is a useful tool for studying and classifying child mental health at the population level. Recommendations are made to improve the application and reporting of LCA and to increase confidence in findings in the future, including use of a range of indices and criteria when enumerating classes, clear reporting of methods for replicability, and making efforts to establish the validity and reliability of identified classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J. Petersen
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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5
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Hasanpour H, Asadi S, Ghavamizadeh Meibodi R, Daraeian A, Ahmadiani A, Shams J, Navi K. A critical appraisal of heterogeneity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder using symptom-based clustering analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 28:89-96. [PMID: 28784407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) encompasses a broad range of symptoms and is commonly considered a heterogeneous condition. Attempts were made to define discrete OCD subtypes using a range of symptom-based methods including factor and cluster analyses. The present study aims to find the most appropriate clustering model based on Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (YBOCS) checklist explaining OCD heterogeneity. Five different clustering algorithms (FCM, K-means, Ward, Ward+K-means and Complete) applied on YBOCS symptoms of 216 patients with OCD. Data studied as four different sets including item-level raw data, item-based factor scores, category-level raw data and category-based factor scores and clustering results for 2 to 6 cluster solutions evaluated by four clustering indices (Davies-Bouldin, Calinski-Harabasz, Silhouettes and Dunn indices). Two-cluster solution was detected as the most appropriate model for item and category-based clustering analyses of YBOCS checklist symptoms. Patients in each cluster were characterized based on their clinical and demographic properties and results showed that they had similar patterns of symptoms but in different severities. Heterogenity of OCD based on the YBOCS-symptoms has been challenged as OCD patients were classified based on their symptom severity not their symptom patterns. More investigations need to find appropriate measures explaining OCD heterogeneity with clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Hasanpour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Asadi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azin Daraeian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Shams
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Imam Hossain Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Madani Ave, P.O. Box 1617763141, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Keivan Navi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Bonadio FT, Dynes M, Lackey J, Tompsett C, Amrhein K. Grouping Youth With Similar Symptoms: A Person-Centered Approach to Transdiagnostic Subgroups. J Clin Psychol 2016; 72:676-88. [PMID: 26918406 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study extracted symptom profiles based on parent and youth report on a broad symptom checklist. Profiles based on parent-reported symptoms were compared to those based on adolescent self-report to clarify discrepancies. METHOD The current study used archival data from 1,269 youth and parent dyads whose youth received services at a community mental health center. The mean age of the sample was 14.31 years (standard deviation = 1.98), and the youth sample was half male (50.1%) and primarily Caucasian (86.8%). Latent profile analysis was used to extract models based on parent and self-reported emotional and behavioral problems. RESULTS Results indicated that a 5-class solution was the best fitting model for youth-reported symptoms and an adequate fit for parent-reported symptoms. For 46.5% of the sample, class membership matched for both parent and youth. CONCLUSION Latent profile analysis provides an alternative method for exploring transdiagnostic subgroups within clinic-referred samples.
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The Relative Contribution of a Typological versus a Dimensional Approach for Understanding Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-015-9530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Examination of a brief anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns intervention on suicidality among individuals with obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 45:191-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Miller CT, Solomon SE, Bunn JY, Varni SE, Hodge JJ. Psychological symptoms are associated with both abstinence and risky sex among men with HIV. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:453-65. [PMID: 25614050 PMCID: PMC4324502 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sexual abstinence is often deemed the "safest behavior" in HIV prevention, but is sometimes associated with psychological symptoms (e.g., depression) just as sexually risky behavior is. This study explored whether sexual abstinence and risky sexual behavior among men with HIV were associated with similar constellations of psychological symptoms. Prior research has not addressed this issue because abstinent people often are not included in the sample or, when data are analyzed, researchers combine abstinent people with sexually active people who practice safer sex. Past research also neglects the co-morbidity of psychological symptoms. A latent class analysis of the psychological symptoms (assessed with the Symptom Check List 90-R; Derogatis, 1994) of 140 men with HIV, mostly from rural New England, revealed three latent classes: men who were asymptomatic on all symptom domains (28.8 %), men who were symptomatic on all domains (34.1 %), and men who were symptomatic on internalizing domains (37.1 %), but were asymptomatic on the externalizing symptoms of hostility and paranoid ideation. Logistic regression showed that sexual behavior during the past 90 days of men in the all symptom class and the internalizing symptoms class was similar, with abstinence and risky sex predominating, and safer sex being relatively uncommon for both classes. The sexual behavior of men in the asymptomatic class differed, with safer sex being relatively more likely to occur compared to the symptomatic classes. These findings suggest that the psychological symptom profile of sexually abstinent people places them at risk for inconsistent condom use should they engage in sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol T Miller
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 360 John Dewey Hall, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT, 05405, USA,
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10
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Althoff RR, Kuny-Slock AV, Verhulst FC, Hudziak JJ, van der Ende J. Classes of oppositional-defiant behavior: concurrent and predictive validity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:1162-71. [PMID: 24673629 PMCID: PMC4159429 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) has components of both irritability and defiance. It remains unclear whether children with variation in these domains have different adult outcomes. This study examined the concurrent and predictive validity of classes of oppositional defiant behavior. METHODS Latent class analysis was performed on the oppositional defiant problems scale of the Child Behavior Checklist in two samples, one in the US (the Achenbach Normative Sample, N = 2029) and one in the Netherlands (the Zuid-Holland Study, N = 2076). A third sample of American children (The Vermont Family Study, N = 399) was examined to determine concurrent validity with DSM diagnoses. Predictive validity over 14 years was assessed using the Zuid-Holland Study. RESULTS Four classes of oppositional defiant problems were consistent in the two latent class analyses: No Symptoms, All Symptoms, Irritable, and Defiant. Individuals in the No Symptoms Class were rarely diagnosed concurrently with ODD or any future disorder. Individuals in the All Symptoms Class had an increased frequency of concurrent childhood diagnosis of ODD and of violence in adulthood. Subjects in the Irritable Class had low concurrent diagnosis of ODD, but increased odds of adult mood disorders. Individuals in the Defiant Class had low concurrent diagnosis of ODD, but had increased odds of violence as adults. CONCLUSIONS Only children in the All Symptoms class were likely to have a concurrent diagnosis of ODD. Although not diagnosed with ODD, children in the Irritable Class were more likely to have adult mood disorders and children in the Defiant Class were more likely to engage in violent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. Althoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics at the University of Vermont College of Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychology at the University of Vermont, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank C. Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James J. Hudziak
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics at the University of Vermont College of Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Albuquerque
| | - Jan van der Ende
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Atli A, Boysan M, Çetinkaya N, Bulut M, Bez Y. Latent class analysis of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a clinical sample. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:604-12. [PMID: 24262128 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is probably a heterogeneous condition. To date, research investigating the symptom structure of OCD has generally focused on variable-classification approaches, primarily factor analysis. Our aim was to use the latent class analysis, an advanced individual-classification method, in order to define homogeneous sub-groups based on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Check List (Y-BOCS CL) assessments within 193 outpatients with OCD. METHOD Latent class analysis of 13 obsessive-compulsive symptom-clusters measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Check List was performed. Associations of demographic and clinical features with latent class membership were tested by using logistic regression models. Differences in severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, obsessive beliefs, and depressive symptomotology between latent classes were evaluated with the chi-square likelihood test. RESULTS Latent class analysis models of best fit yielded 3 latent classes: "autogenous obsessions", "reactive obsessive-compulsive", and "reactive obsessions". Outpatients in reactive obsessive-compulsive group reported significantly higher scores on the Y-BOCS global, obsessions, and compulsions scales than outpatients in other two sub-groups. Participants in reactive obsessive-compulsive group were predominantly female, single, and had a history of family psychopathology; whereas autogenous and reactive obsessions groups were predominantly male. There were no differences in severity of depression and obsessive belief domains. CONCLUSIONS The results provide support for the validity of autogenous/reactive distinction for OCD. These three classes may have important implications for research and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Atli
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey.
| | - Murat Boysan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65200, Turkey
| | - Nuralay Çetinkaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Gebze Fatih State Hospital, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Bulut
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Yasin Bez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
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De Caluwé E, Decuyper M, De Clercq B. The child behavior checklist dysregulation profile predicts adolescent DSM-5 pathological personality traits 4 years later. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 22:401-11. [PMID: 23381573 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emotional dysregulation in childhood has been associated with various forms of later psychopathology, although no studies have investigated the personality related adolescent outcomes associated with early emotional dysregulation. The present study uses a typological approach to examine how the child behavior checklist-dysregulation profile (CBCL-DP) predicts DSM-5 pathological personality traits (as measured with the personality inventory for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5 or PID-5 by Krueger et al. (Psychol Med 2012)) across a time span of 4 years in a sample of 243 children aged 8-14 years (57.2 % girls). The results showed that children assigned to the CBCL-DP class are at risk for elevated scores on a wide range of DSM-5 personality pathology features, including higher scores on hostility, risk taking, deceitfulness, callousness, grandiosity, irresponsibility, impulsivity and manipulativeness. These results are discussed in the context of identifying early manifestations of persistent regulation problems, because of their enduring impact on a child's personality development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien De Caluwé
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Rubin DH, Althoff RR, Walkup JT, Hudziak JJ. Cross-informant agreement on child and adolescent withdrawn behavior: a latent class approach. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2013; 44:361-9. [PMID: 22968799 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-012-0330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawn behavior (WB) relates to many developmental outcomes, including pervasive developmental disorders, anxiety, depression, psychosis, personality disorders and suicide. No study has compared the latent profiles of different informants' reports on WB. This study uses multi-informant latent class analyses (LCA) of the child behavior checklist (CBCL), teacher report form (TRF) and youth self-report (YSR) to examine phenotypic variance in WB. LCA was applied to the CBCL, TRF and YSR of 2,031 youth (ages 6-18); of which 276 children were clinically-referred. A 4-class solution for the CBCL and 3-class solutions for the YSR and TRF were optimal. The CBCL yielded low symptoms, predominantly shy or secretive moderate symptoms, and all symptoms classes. The TRF lacked the moderate--secretive class, and the YSR lacked the moderate--shy class. Agreement was low. LCA shows similar structure of withdrawn behavior across informants but characterizations of moderate WB vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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De Bolle M, Tackett JL. Anchoring Bullying and Victimization in Children within a Five–Factor Model–Based Person–Centred Framework. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although researchers have begun to explore bullying and victimization problems from a personality perspective, more work is needed on the particular personality constellations of children and adolescents who are vulnerable to victimization or prone to bullying. The principal research goal of the present study was to anchor the robust four–group classification of bullying and victimization (i.e. bullies, victims, bully/victims and uninvolved children) within the Five–Factor Model–based person–centred framework in primary school children (N = 660), controlling for gender. We found four distinct personality types in middle childhood: a mixed type, an undercontrolled type, a moderate type and a resilient type. In line with expectations, we found that a resilient personality profile protected children and adolescents against victimization and that children and adolescents with an undercontrolled or mixed personality profile were at increased risk to be bully/victims, rather than uninvolved in bully problems or victimization, compared with children with a moderate personality profile. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen De Bolle
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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15
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Latent personality profiles and the relations with psychopathology and psychopathic traits in detained adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2013; 44:217-32. [PMID: 22814855 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-012-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study constructed empirically derived subtypes of adolescent offenders based on general traits and examined their associations with psychopathology and psychopathic traits. The sample included 342 detained minors (172 boys and 170 girls; mean age 15.85 years, SD = 1.07) recruited in various Youth Detention Centers across the Flemish part of Belgium. All adolescents provided self-reports on the quick big five, the youth self report, and the youth psychopathic traits inventory to assess general traits, psychopathology, and psychopathic traits respectively. Latent class analyses based on general personality traits were performed and suggested three personality types, consisting of an emotionally labile, close-minded and goal-oriented class, an undercontrolled class, and an emotionally labile-careless class. These three personality types within detained minors showed particular constellations of general traits and differed meaningfully in terms of their mean-scores on externalizing psychopathology and psychopathy measures.
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Kuny AV, Althoff RR, Copeland W, Bartels M, Van Beijsterveldt CEM, Baer J, Hudziak JJ. Separating the domains of oppositional behavior: comparing latent models of the conners' oppositional subscale. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 52:172-183.e8. [PMID: 23357444 PMCID: PMC3558689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is usually considered the mildest of the disruptive behavior disorders, it is a key factor in predicting young adult anxiety and depression and is distinguishable from normal childhood behavior. In an effort to understand possible subsets of oppositional defiant behavior (ODB) that may differentially predict outcome, we used latent class analysis of mother report on the Conners' Parent Rating Scales Revised Short Forms (CPRS-R:S). METHOD Data were obtained from mother report for Dutch twins (7 years old, n = 7,597; 10 years old, n = 6,548; and 12 years old, n = 5,717) from the Netherlands Twin Registry. Samples partially overlapped at ages 7 and 10 years (19% overlapping) and at ages 10 and 12 years (30% overlapping), but not at ages 7 and 12 years. Oppositional defiant behavior was measured using the six-item Oppositional subscale of the CPRS-R:S. Multilevel LCA with robust standard error estimates was performed using the Latent Gold program to control for twin-twin dependence in the data. Class assignment across ages was determined and an estimate of heritability for each class was calculated. Comparisons with maternal report Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were examined using linear mixed models at each age, corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The LCA identified an optimal solution of four classes across age groups. Class 1 was associated with no or low symptom endorsement (69-75% of the children); class 2 was characterized by defiance (11-12%); class 3 was characterized by irritability (9-11%); and class 4 was associated with elevated scores on all symptoms (5-8%). Odds ratios for twins being in the same class at each successive age point were higher within classes across ages than between classes. Heritability within the two "intermediate" classes was nearly as high as for the class with all symptoms, except for boys at age 12. Children in the Irritable class were more likely to have mood symptoms on the CBCL scales than children in the Defiant class but demonstrated similar scores on aggression and externalizing scales. Children in the All Symptoms class were higher in both internalizing and externalizing scales and subscales. CONCLUSIONS The LCA indicates four distinct latent classes of oppositional defiant behavior, in which the distinguishing feature between the two intermediate classes (classes 2 and 3) is the level of irritability and defiance. Implications for the longitudinal course of these symptoms, association with other disorders, and genetics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Kuny
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
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Wozniak J, Gönenç A, Biederman J, Moore C, Joshi G, Georgiopoulos A, Hammerness P, McKillop H, Lukas SE, Henin A. A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the anterior cingulate cortex in youth with emotional dysregulation. THE ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND RELATED SCIENCES 2012; 49:62-9. [PMID: 22652930 PMCID: PMC5735421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main aim of this study was to use proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to identify brain biomarkers for emotional dysregulation in youth as measured by subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). METHODS We measured glutamate (Glu) concentrations in the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) of 37 pediatric subjects (aged 6-17 years) using high field (4.0 Tesla) proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Subjects were grouped based on combined T scores on three subscales (Anxiety/Depression, Aggression and Attention) of the CBCL previously associated with deficits in the regulation of emotion. Subjects were stratified into those with high (> 180) (N=10) and low (< 180) (N=27) scores. LIMITATIONS Limitations include small sample size, wide age range studied, focus on Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) only, and that some subjects received psychopharmacological treatments. RESULTS We found a statistically significant correlation between Glu levels in the ACC and CBCL dysregulation profile scores among subjects with high dysregulation profile scores. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that glutamatergic dysregulation in the ACC may represent a useful biomarker of emotional dysregulation in youth. Further investigation into the causality, time line and utility as a predictive metric is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Wozniak
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusets General Hospital, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
| | - Atilla Gönenç
- Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusets, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusets General Hospital, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
| | - Constance Moore
- University of Massachusets at Worcester, Massachusets, U.S.A
| | - Gagan Joshi
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusets General Hospital, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
| | - Anna Georgiopoulos
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusets General Hospital, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
| | - Paul Hammerness
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusets General Hospital, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
| | - Hannah McKillop
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusets General Hospital, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
| | - Scot E. Lukas
- Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusets, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
| | - Aude Henin
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusets General Hospital, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusets, U.S.A
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Friedman NP, Miyake A, Robinson JL, Hewitt JK. Developmental trajectories in toddlers' self-restraint predict individual differences in executive functions 14 years later: a behavioral genetic analysis. Dev Psychol 2011; 47:1410-30. [PMID: 21668099 PMCID: PMC3168720 DOI: 10.1037/a0023750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether self-restraint in early childhood predicted individual differences in 3 executive functions (EFs; inhibiting prepotent responses, updating working memory, and shifting task sets) in late adolescence in a sample of approximately 950 twins. At ages 14, 20, 24, and 36 months, the children were shown an attractive toy and told not to touch it for 30 s. Latency to touch the toy increased with age, and latent class growth modeling distinguished 2 groups of children that differed in their latencies to touch the toy at all 4 time points. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we decomposed the 3 EFs (measured with latent variables at age 17 years) into a Common EF factor (isomorphic to response inhibition ability) and 2 factors specific to updating and shifting. Less-restrained children had significantly lower scores on the Common EF factor, equivalent scores on the Updating-Specific factor, and higher scores on the Shifting-Specific factor than did the more-restrained children. The less-restrained group also had lower IQ scores, but this effect was entirely mediated by the EF components. Twin models indicated that the associations were primarily genetic in origin for the Common EF variable but split between genetics and nonshared environment for the Shifting-Specific variable. These results suggest a biological relation between individual differences in self-restraint and EFs, one that begins early in life and persists into late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, 447 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Delucchi KL, Katerberg H, Stewart SE, Denys DA, Lochner C, Stack DE, den Boer JA, van Balkom AJ, Jenike MA, Stein DJ, Cath DC, Mathews CA. Latent class analysis of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2011; 52:334-41. [PMID: 21145539 PMCID: PMC3086656 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is phenomenologically heterogeneous, and findings of underlying structure classification based on symptom grouping have been ambiguous to date. Variable-centered approaches, primarily factor analysis, have been used to identify homogeneous groups of symptoms; but person-centered latent methods have seen little use. This study was designed to uncover sets of homogeneous groupings within 1611 individuals with OCD based on symptoms. METHOD Latent class analysis models using 61 obsessive-compulsive symptoms collected from the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale were fit. Relationships between latent class membership and treatment response, sex, symptom severity, and comorbid tic disorders were tested for relationship to class membership. RESULTS Latent class analysis models of best fit yielded 3 classes. Classes differed only in frequency of symptom endorsement. Classes with higher symptom endorsement were associated with earlier age of onset, being male, higher Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale symptom severity scores, and comorbid tic disorders. There were no differences in treatment response between classes. CONCLUSIONS These results provide support for the validity of a single underlying latent OCD construct, in addition to the distinct symptom factors identified previously via factor analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Delucchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hilga Katerberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands & GGZ Buitenamstel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Evelyn Stewart
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinics (Adult and Pediatric), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Damiaan A.J.P. Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, & the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Lochner
- MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Denise E. Stack
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johan A. den Boer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J.L.M. van Balkom
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Utrecht University & Altrecht Anxiety Outpatient program, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A. Jenike
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinics (Adult and Pediatric), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan J. Stein
- MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Danielle C. Cath
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands & GGZ Buitenamstel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Utrecht University & Altrecht Anxiety Outpatient program, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carol A. Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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