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Sakamoto K, Kobayashi R, Morioka D, Abiko C, Kimura M, Suzuki A. Online gaming reduces psychological distress in a patient with schizophrenia: A case report. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e70015. [PMID: 39314247 PMCID: PMC11417111 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.70015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia often involves persecutory delusions, which cause psychological distress. Some patients use online gaming as a coping tool. However, excessive online gaming has raised concerns about internet gaming disorders (IGD), while any soothing effects of online gaming on psychological distress remain unclear. Herein, we report changes in anxiety and IGD severity, measured using rating scales, in a patient with schizophrenia who used online gaming as a coping strategy for psychological distress. Case Presentation A 43-year-old woman diagnosed with schizophrenia had worsening persecutory delusions, including that of being targeted by snipers, and had difficulty going out because of anxiety. She coped with her psychological distress using online shooting games. We assessed her state and trait anxiety, social anxiety, avoidance behavior when alone, and IGD severity. There was a notable reduction in the state anxiety score after the introduction of online gaming. The scores for trait anxiety, social anxiety, and avoidance behavior when alone decreased noticeably after the acquisition of coping strategies. This case demonstrates the presence of IGD only during the acquisition of coping strategies. Conclusion This case highlights the potential of online gaming as a coping strategy for schizophrenia-related anxiety. However, excessive gaming can lead to IGD and thus necessitates caution. Further research should explore the applicability and potential risks of using online gaming to cope with psychological distress among patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Sakamoto
- Department of PsychiatryYamagata University School of MedicineYamagata CityYamagataJapan
| | - Ryota Kobayashi
- Department of PsychiatryYamagata University School of MedicineYamagata CityYamagataJapan
| | - Daichi Morioka
- Department of PsychiatryYamagata University School of MedicineYamagata CityYamagataJapan
| | - Chihiro Abiko
- Department of PsychiatryChitose Shinoda HospitalYamagata CityYamagataJapan
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Department of PsychiatryChitose Shinoda HospitalYamagata CityYamagataJapan
| | - Akihito Suzuki
- Department of PsychiatryYamagata University School of MedicineYamagata CityYamagataJapan
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Zhong Y, Li Y, Hu A, Zhang XY. Prevalence, demographics and clinical characteristics of Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1398479. [PMID: 38764472 PMCID: PMC11099280 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1398479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several studies have reported that Internet addiction (IA) is more prevalent in the psychiatric disorder population. However, the prevalence of IA and its relationship with clinical variables among Chinese adolescents with schizophrenia is unclear. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of IA and its clinical correlates in Chinese adolescents with schizophrenia, which has not yet been reported. Methods Seven hundred and six inpatient adolescents with schizophrenia were recruited. All patients underwent Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) to measure Internet addiction, as well as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for psychopathology. Results Our results showed that 186 patients had a total IAT score of 50 or more, bringing the prevalence of IA to 26.3%. Girls (21.7%, 92/424) were less likely to have combined IA than boys (33.3%, 94/282). Compared to those patients without IA, patients with IA had better socioeconomic status, higher probability of living in the city, higher levels of depressive symptoms, excited symptoms, and lower levels of concrete symptoms and PANSS total scores (all p<0.05). Further binary logistic regression analysis indicated that good socioeconomic status, living in the city and PANSS total scores were significantly associated with IA. In addition, correlation analysis showed significant correlations between IA total score and the following parameters: good socioeconomic status, living in the city, negative subscore, concrete subscore, depression subscore, excited subscore and PANSS total score (Bonferroni corrected all p <0.05). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of IA in Chinese adolescents with schizophrenia is higher than that in the general population. Several demographic and clinical variables are risk factors for IA in adolescents with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Zhong
- The Third People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yibo Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anquan Hu
- The Third People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- The Third People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhong Y, Lai S, Hu A, Liao Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhang XY. Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of internet addiction among Chinese adolescents with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:258. [PMID: 38580925 PMCID: PMC10998377 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) exhibit sex differences in various aspects, and patients with SCZ have a high prevalence of internet addiction (IA). However, sex differences in IA among patients with SCZ mostly remain unstudied, particularly in Chinese adolescent patients with SCZ. This study investigated sex differences in prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of IA among Chinese adolescent patients with SCZ. METHODS A total of 706 adolescent patients with SCZ were enrolled in this study using a cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling method. Demographics and clinical data of the patients were collected using a standardized clinical assessment form. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Young's Internet Addiction Test were used to evaluate psychopathological symptoms and IA respectively. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of IA among Chinese adolescent patients with SCZ was 26.30% (95% CI: 23.09-29.60%). In Chinese adolescents with SCZ, there was a sex difference in the comorbidity of IA (males: 33.33% vs. females: 21.69%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that IA was significantly predicted by good socioeconomic status in male and female patients with SCZ. City of living and PANSS total score were associated with IA in male patients with SCZ. In contrast, hospitalization rate and depression score were associated with IA in female patients with SCZ. CONCLUSION Our study suggests sex differences in clinical correlates of IA in Chinese adolescent patients with SCZ. An additional longitudinal study is required to confirm the findings of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Zhong
- The Third People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shuixiu Lai
- Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Anquan Hu
- The Third People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yuanping Liao
- The Third People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yibo Li
- Institute of Psychology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Education Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- The Third People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Hai-Dian District, 100101, Beijing, China.
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Tran I, Tang SX, Baumel A, Moore T, Berretta S, Behbehani L, Birnbaum ML. Exploring online and offline social experiences and interaction patterns of young adults with psychosis with the social media and internet social engagement questionnaire: Analyses and future directions. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241277186. [PMID: 39224797 PMCID: PMC11367596 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241277186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Social interactions and experiences are increasingly occurring online, including for young adults with psychosis. Healthy social interactions and experiences are widely recognized as a critical component of social recovery, yet research thus far has focused predominantly on offline interactions with limited understanding of these interactions online. We developed the Social Media and Internet sociaL Engagement (SMILE) questionnaire to assess the type, frequency, and nature of online social interactions and experiences among young adults with early psychosis to better assess online social activity and ultimately support personalized interventions. Methods Participants (N = 49) completed the SMILE questionnaire which asked about online platforms used, frequency of use, and if positive and negative experiences were more likely to happen online or offline. Participants completed additional self-report measures of victimization, positive psychotic symptoms, social functioning, and demographics. Exploratory factor analysis and correlations between identified factors and clinical measures of interest were completed. Results Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors: positive engagement, victimization, and internalizing experiences. Most participants (6%-37%) experienced positive engagement offline. Victimization occurred equally online and offline (8%-27% and 4%-24%, respectively). Most participants (37%-51%) endorsed internalizing experiences as occurring equally offline and online, but approximately a third of participants reported internalizing experiences more frequently offline (20%-35%). Victimization was moderately (r = 0.34) correlated with overall online social experiences, suggesting more online time may increase the likelihood of victimization. Age was inversely related to the frequency of overall online social experiences. Conclusion Young adults with early psychosis experience positive and negative social experiences online and offline. New scales and measures to comprehensively assess the nature and function of online social interactions and experiences are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Tran
- Psychology Department, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunny X Tang
- Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Amit Baumel
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tyler Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Berretta
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Leily Behbehani
- Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Lamloum E, Loch AA, Cherif W, Cheour M, Hallit S. The relationship between internet gaming disorder and psychotic experiences: cyberbullying and insomnia severity as mediators. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:857. [PMID: 37978468 PMCID: PMC10657007 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature of the relationship between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and psychosis is unclear so far. There is evidence that greater time spent in playing video games may expose players to both insomnia and a toxic online environment with widespread cyberbullying. These two possible consequences of IGD may, in turn, be associated with greater psychotic experiences (PE). Based on this theoretical framework, the present study proposed to contribute the body of the knowledge in this area, by testing the possible indirect effects of insomnia severity, cyber-victimization and cyberbullying in the cross-sectional association between IGD and PE in a sample of Tunisian university students. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional study over 4 months (February-May 2022). The Arabic versions of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Internet Gaming disorder-20 Test, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory-II were administered to a total of 851 students (mean age = 21.26 ± 1.68 years, 53.7% females). RESULTS We found that 25% of students were at risk of IGD, and 1.8% had an IGD. The results of the mediation analysis showed that insomnia severity fully mediated the association between IGD and paranoid ideation. Higher IGD was significantly associated with more insomnia severity, which was, in turn, significantly associated with more paranoid ideation. Cyberbullying partly mediated the association between IGD and psychoticism. Higher IGD scores were significantly associated with more cyberbullying, which was, in turn, significantly associated with more psychoticism. Finally, greater IGD was significantly and directly associated with higher psychoticism. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that insomnia and cyberbullying may be regarded as potential targets for youth mental health promotion, as well as community-focused prevention and early intervention in psychosis. More particular attention should be devoted to the huge potential for engaging in cyberbullying among online gamers. Sleep deprivation should be prevented, assessed and treated in heavy gamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Eya Lamloum
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alexandre Andrade Loch
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wissal Cherif
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
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Matsunaga M, Li Y, He Y, Kishi T, Tanihara S, Iwata N, Tabuchi T, Ota A. Physical, Psychiatric, and Social Comorbidities of Individuals with Schizophrenia Living in the Community in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4336. [PMID: 36901345 PMCID: PMC10001945 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities interfere with the everyday activities of community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia and increase the risk of their readmission. However, these comorbidities have not been investigated comprehensively in Japan. We conducted a self-reported internet survey in February 2022 to identify individuals aged 20-75 years with and without schizophrenia using a prevalence case-control study. The survey compared physical comorbidities such as being overweight, hypertension, and diabetes; psychiatric comorbidities such as depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances; social comorbidities such as employment status, household income, and social support between participants with and without schizophrenia. A total of 223 participants with schizophrenia and 1776 participants without schizophrenia were identified. Participants with schizophrenia were more likely to be overweight and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia than participants without schizophrenia. Additionally, depressive symptoms, unemployment, and non-regular employment were more prevalent in participants with schizophrenia than those without schizophrenia. These results highlight the necessity of comprehensive support and interventions addressing physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia in the community. In conclusion, effective interventions for managing comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia are necessary to enable them to continue to live in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Matsunaga
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuanying Li
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yupeng He
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tanihara
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Malaeb D, Loch AA, Farah N, Stambouli M, Cheour M, Obeid S, Hallit S. Problematic Smartphone Use Mediates the Pathway from Suicidal Ideation to Positive Psychotic Experiences: a Large Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36820017 PMCID: PMC9930705 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study followed the newly hypothesized "suicidal drive for psychosis" suggesting that psychosis may be consequential to suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior and attempted to explain parts of the pathway between these variables. To this end, we aimed to test whether problematic smartphone use (PSU) has an indirect mediating effect in the cross-sectional relationship between SI and positive psychotic experiences (PEs). Lebanese community young adults (N=4158; 64.4% females; mean age 21.91±3.79) have been invited to participate to a cross-sectional, web-based study in the period from June to September 2022. After adjusting for potential confounders (i.e., the living situation, marital status, household crowding index, economic pressure, cannabis use, other drugs use, and past history of mental illness other than psychosis), we found that higher levels of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with greater PSU, which was also positively and significantly associated with more positive PEs. Finally, greater suicidal ideation was significantly and directly associated with more positive PEs. Our findings suggest that SPU may be regarded as a potential target for prevention and intervention in psychosis. Clinicians, educators, and school administrators ought to give greater attention to PSU among vulnerable young people who present with SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexandre Andrade Loch
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nour Farah
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Manel Stambouli
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478 Saudi Arabia
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
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He Y, Tanaka A, Kishi T, Li Y, Matsunaga M, Tanihara S, Iwata N, Ota A. Recent findings on subjective well-being and physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia: A literature review. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:430-436. [PMID: 35916310 PMCID: PMC9773775 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Care for people with schizophrenia is shifting the locus from long-stay mental hospitals to nonspecialized community-based settings. Knowledge on the care is not a sole property of psychiatric specialists. Community healthcare workers who do not specialize in psychiatry are recommended to learn more about schizophrenia. This review aimed to summarize recent findings on subjective well-being and physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS A literature review was conducted. We retrieved findings from existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses as our preferred method. When data were not available, we referred to other types of studies. RESULTS As per our review, individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated poor subjective well-being, happiness, and life satisfaction despite individual differences. Pharmacotherapy caused weight gain and constipation, whereas race and hospitalization might affect weight reduction. Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated poor oral health, a high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases, and unique eating behaviors. Depression, sleep disorders, smoking, and alcohol and drug consumption were frequently found in the individuals. Research findings regarding problematic internet and smartphone use and stress perception were limited. Low health literacy and neglect of preventable behaviors were frequently seen in individuals with schizophrenia. They tended to be less educated, poor, unemployed, unmarried/unattached, and had poor social cognition, resulting in little social support and a small social network. CONCLUSION Retrieving recent data, we confirmed that individuals with schizophrenia had poor subjective well-being and suffer from various physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng He
- Department of Public HealthFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Ayako Tanaka
- Department of Public HealthFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Taro Kishi
- Department of PsychiatryFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Yuanying Li
- Department of Public HealthFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Masaaki Matsunaga
- Department of Public HealthFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Shinichi Tanihara
- Department of Public HealthKurume University School of MedicineKurume, FukuokaJapan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of PsychiatryFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public HealthFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
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Žaja N, Vukojević J, Žarko T, Marelić M, Vidović D, Vukušić Rukavina T. Internet Use among Patients with Schizophrenia and Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095695. [PMID: 35565091 PMCID: PMC9104824 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The high and increasing prevalence of internet use in the general population and the significant burden of depression and schizophrenia urge us to investigate the patterns of internet use among patients with these illnesses. The aim of this study is to assess internet use and mental health-related internet use among patients suffering from schizophrenia and depression. Methods: A total of 104 patients with psychosis and 105 patients with depression were surveyed to assess their internet use and mental health-related internet use. Results: The majority of participants were internet users (87.6%), with 66.7% of internet users with psychosis and 71.4% of internet users with depression using it as a source of information on mental health. Participants with psychosis significantly more attributed the internet and mental health internet forums as helpful in coping with their mental illness and were more interested in the utilization of online mental health services than participants with depression. Conclusions: General internet use in patients with schizophrenia and depression corresponds with the internet use of the general population; however, they use it more often as a source of health information than the general population. Mental health service providers should offer more online interventions and treatment programs to patients with psychosis and depression, as our study suggests there is an unmet need for online mental health services for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Žaja
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Bolnička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.Ž.); (J.V.); (T.Ž.); (D.V.)
| | - Jakša Vukojević
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Bolnička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.Ž.); (J.V.); (T.Ž.); (D.V.)
| | - Tvrtko Žarko
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Bolnička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.Ž.); (J.V.); (T.Ž.); (D.V.)
| | - Marko Marelić
- Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova ulica 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Domagoj Vidović
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Bolnička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.Ž.); (J.V.); (T.Ž.); (D.V.)
| | - Tea Vukušić Rukavina
- Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova ulica 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1459-0100
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10
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Alphs L, Brown B, Turkoz I, Baker P, Fu DJ, Nuechterlein KH. The Disease Recovery Evaluation and Modification (DREaM) study: Effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate versus oral antipsychotics in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:86-97. [PMID: 35247794 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report primary results of the Disease Recovery Evaluation and Modification (DREaM) study, a randomized, open-label, delayed-start trial designed to compare the effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate (PP) versus oral antipsychotics (OAP) in delaying time to first treatment failure (TtFTF) in participants with recent-onset schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder. DREaM included: Part I, 2-month oral run-in; Part II, 9-month disease progression phase (PP or OAP); Part III, 9 months of additional treatment (PP/PP; OAP rerandomized: OAP/OAP or OAP/PP). PP/PP and OAP/OAP comprised the 18-month extended disease progression (EDP) analysis. A total of 235 participants were randomized to PP (n = 78) or OAP (n = 157) in Part II. No statistically significant differences in TF between treatment groups were identified during Part II (PP 29.5%, OAP 24.8%; P = 0.377), Part III (PP/PP 14.3%, OAP/PP 15.8%, OAP/OAP 28.6%; P = 0.067) or the EDP analysis (PP/PP 28.6%, OAP/OAP 44.4%; NNT = 6; P = 0.080). Using a modified definition of TF excluding treatment supplementation with another antipsychotic, a common approach to managing dose adjustments, significant differences were observed between treatment groups in Part III (PP/PP 4.1%, OAP/PP 14.0%, OAP/OAP 27.0%; P = 0.002) and EDP (PP/PP 14.3%, OAP/OAP 42.9%; P = 0.001). Safety results were consistent with the known safety profile of PP. Although significant treatment differences were not observed during the first 9 months of DREaM, numerical differences favoring PP emerged in the last 9 months and significant differences were observed when TF criteria were limited to their most impactful components. These results highlight the potential benefit of initiating PP early in the course of schizophrenia and provide valuable insights for future clinical trials in recent-onset schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02431702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Alphs
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
| | - Brianne Brown
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA.
| | - Ibrahim Turkoz
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA.
| | - Pamela Baker
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA.
| | - Dong-Jing Fu
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA.
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, 150 Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Murray A. Heightened risk factors in the midst of the pandemic: Supporting individuals with psychosis during COVID-19. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:164-169. [PMID: 34212395 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This article aims to describe distinct vulnerabilities to the psychosocial stress from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on individuals with psychosis and provide practical ways to reduce the vulnerabilities. CONCLUSION Societal changes and stress have come in the wake of the COVID-19. Individuals with psychosis are more susceptible to stress, cognitive biases, and lack social support. Practitioners working with individuals with psychosis are in a unique position to offer ways to reduce risk. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Care during the pandemic requires practitioners to pay particular attention to magnified risk factors to individuals with psychosis and create a plan to offer adjunct support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Perceived Stress and Cyberloafing among College Students: The Mediating Roles of Fatigue and Negative Coping Styles. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyberloafing has increasingly attracted the attention of scholars because of the widespread use of digital devices in educational environments. This research was conducted to investigate the roles of fatigue and negative coping styles in mediating the relationship between perceived stress and cyberloafing. A total of 730 undergraduates (reduced to 716 due to incomplete data) completed self-report questionnaires measuring perceived stress, fatigue, negative coping styles, and cyberloafing. Perceived stress was shown to be a significant predictor of cyberloafing. Furthermore, negative coping styles played a unique mediating role and fatigue and negative coping styles exerted a sequential mediating effect on the association between perceived stress and cyberloafing. We envision the findings as being helpful in guiding educators develop interventions for minimizing cyberloafing by college students and its disrupting effects.
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Iasevoli F, Fornaro M, D'Urso G, Galletta D, Casella C, Paternoster M, Buccelli C, de Bartolomeis A. Psychological distress in patients with serious mental illness during the COVID-19 outbreak and one-month mass quarantine in Italy. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1054-1056. [PMID: 32423496 PMCID: PMC7261960 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giordano D'Urso
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Diana Galletta
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Casella
- Legal Medicine Unit Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Paternoster
- Legal Medicine Unit Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Buccelli
- Legal Medicine Unit Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Chair Staff for Health Education and Sustainable Development, UNESCO, Naples, Italy
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Chang YH, Chang KC, Hou WL, Lin CY, Griffiths MD. Internet gaming as a coping method among schizophrenic patients facing psychological distress. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:1022-1031. [PMID: 33128519 PMCID: PMC8969729 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with schizophrenia are known to use potentially addictive psychoactive substances as self-medication and to ease psychological distress. Other potentially addictive behaviors such as online gaming are also used to self-medicate and ease psychological distress. However, the role of online gaming and problematic gaming (in the form of internet gaming disorder [IGD]) has not previously been investigated for patients with schizophrenia facing distress. METHODS One hundred and four participants diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited and completed a number of psychometric scales including the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSPS), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS-SF9), Self-Stigma Scale-Short (SSS-S), and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21). RESULTS The results showed significant negative associations between PSPS, IGDS-SF9, and DASS-21, and significant positive correlations between the IGDS-SF-9, SSS-S and DASS-21. Moreover, IGD did not mediate the association between self-stigma and depression. However, IGD significantly mediated the association between self-stigma and anxiety, and the association between self-stigma and stress. In addition, (i) age and self-stigma were significant predictors for IGD; (ii) social function and self-stigma were significant predictors for depression; (iii) social function, self-stigma, and IGD were significant predictors for anxiety; and (iv) self-stigma and IGD were significant predictors for stress. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that online gaming may be a coping strategy for individuals with schizophrenia with psychological stress and self-stigma and that for some of these individuals, their gaming may be problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Internet Addiction, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Psychological Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chia Chang
- Department of General Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Natural Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Nanhua University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hou
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Corresponding author. E-mail: and
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Tran BX, Ha GH, Vu GT, Hoang CL, Nguyen SH, Nguyen CT, Latkin CA, Tam WWS, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. How have excessive electronics devices and Internet uses been concerned? Implications for global research agenda from a bibliometric analysis. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:469-482. [PMID: 32644936 PMCID: PMC8939418 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Excessive use of electronic devices has become a major global problem. However, little is known about the development and current landscape of research concerning this field. This study aimed at exploring the overall publication trend and topics of research on the overuse of electronic devices and the Internet from 1971 to 2017. METHODS We systematically searched the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases for published articles on the excessive use of electronic devices and the Internet. Data regarding the publication volume, international collaborations, and geographical locations were analyzed by bibliometrics analysis. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was undertaken to categorize publications into different research topics. RESULTS A total of 2,276 papers from the WOS and 600 papers from the Scopus were included. We found a dramatic increase in the number of scientific papers towards addiction to electronic devices and the Internet. The United State led in all publication parameters including the total number of papers and total citations. China, Korea and Taiwan were among the most prolific countries/regions. Smartphone addiction was the main concern, and the relationship between the overuse of electronic devices and the Internet and mental health issues have been highlighted. On the other hand, our study found a limited appearance of discussion on effective treatment and intervention. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The findings of this study call for more national and international cooperation in evaluating and intervening addiction to electronic devices and the Internet to gather more knowledge about this phenomenon and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author's. e-mail:
| | - Giang Hai Ha
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam,Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Chi Linh Hoang
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Son Hoang Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Health Services and System Research, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam,Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Carl. A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wilson WS Tam
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam,Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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16
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Perceived stress and online compulsive buying among women: A moderated mediation model. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Lee JY, Chung YC, Kim SY, Kim JM, Shin IS, Yoon JS, Kim SW. Problematic smartphone use and related factors in young patients with schizophrenia. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2019; 11:e12357. [PMID: 31044555 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to examine smartphone use in young patients with schizophrenia and to explore factors that may affect the severity of problematic smartphone use. METHODS A total of 148 schizophrenia patients aged 18 to 35 years completed self-administered questionnaires exploring sociodemographic characteristics; Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). All were also assessed using the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS) Scale and the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Scale. RESULTS The mean subject age was 27.5 ± 4.5 years. No significant differences in the SAS scores occurred between gender, jobs, and level of education. The Pearson r-correlation test showed that the SAS scores were significantly positively correlated with HADS anxiety, PSS, and BFI-10 neuroticism scores; it was negatively correlated with RSES, BFI-10 agreeableness, and conscientiousness scores. In the stepwise linear regression analysis, the severity of PSU was significantly associated with both high anxiety and low agreeableness. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that specific groups of patients with schizophrenia may require special care to prevent problematic smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwang-ju Mental Health Welfare Commission, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwang-ju Mental Health Welfare Commission, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwang-ju Mental Health Welfare Commission, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwang-ju Mental Health Welfare Commission, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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18
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Lee JY, Ban D, Kim SY, Kim JM, Shin IS, Yoon JS, Kim SW. Negative Life Events and Problematic Internet Use as Factors Associated With Psychotic-Like Experiences in Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:369. [PMID: 31191372 PMCID: PMC6549193 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and problematic internet use (PIU) are common in adolescents. However, little is known about the association between PLEs and PIU among adolescents. The present study examined the associations between PLEs and PIU and negative life events among adolescents. Methods: In total, 1,678 adolescents attending high school were recruited for a cross-sectional survey. They completed self-reported assessments of PLEs using the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16) and measures of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, internet use, and negative life events using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Korean Scale for Internet Addiction (K-scale), and the Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events for Children (LITE-C), including cybersexual harassment and school violence. Results: A total of 1,239 subjects (73.8%) scored at least 1 on the PQ-16. The mean total and distress PQ-16 scores were significantly higher in students who used mental health services. The total and distress prodromal questionnaire-16 (PQ-16) scores were positively correlated with the CES-D, STAI-S, STAI-T, LITE-C, and K-scale scores but negatively correlated with the RSES score. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that PLEs were significantly associated with a high K-scale score and the incidence of negative life events, such as LITE-C, cybersexual harassment, and bully-victims. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that PIU and negative life experiences were significantly associated with PLEs in adolescents. Assessment and therapeutic intervention with regard to internet use as a coping strategy for stress are needed to prevent the development of clinical psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Lee
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dahye Ban
- Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center, Gwangju, South Korea
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