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Yang Y, Cai K, Qi J, Wang F, Yang R, Wang L, Lyu J, Hu J, Wu Y, Cai M. Exploring the moderated mediation of stress and media use: Social support's impact on anxiety among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic - Insights from a large-scale cross-sectional study in China. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:229-237. [PMID: 39236879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among the older adults, explore whether stress mediated the association between social support and anxiety symptoms, and investigate whether media use moderated the direct or indirect effects within the mediation model. METHODS Questionnaires and scales were employed to collect data from 1143 individuals aged 60 years and older across 120 cities in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. The collected information encompassed sociodemographic characteristics, social support, anxiety, stress, and media use. Bivariate correlations were then used to analyze the relationships among the study variables. Finally, the mediation and moderated mediation models were examined using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, 40.1 % of Chinese elderly experienced anxiety. Social support exhibited a negative correlation with anxiety. And, media use positively influenced both stress and anxiety. Stress partially mediated the relationship between social support and anxiety, with a mediation effect of 50.95 %. Notably, media use moderated the association between social support and anxiety, serving as both an indirect mediator (path a: Social support - Stress: B = 0.071, 95 % CI: 0.022, 0.120) and a direct mediator (path c': Social support - Anxiety: B = -0.066, 95 % CI: -0.111, -0.022). LIMITATIONS This study used a cross-sectional design, which restricts the ability to infer causal relationships. CONCLUSION Social support is proven to be a potent alleviator of anxiety among the elderly. Stress partially mediated this relationship, while the indirect and direct impact of this mediation was influenced by media use. BRIEF SUMMARY This study underscores the heightened anxiety prevalence among Chinese elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the critical role of social support in mitigating these effects. It discovers that while stress acts as a mediator, media use serves as a significant moderator in this dynamic. These findings advocate for the necessity of bolstering social support networks and encouraging prudent media use to effectively manage anxiety and stress among the elderly, particularly in challenging times like a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Keren Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Qi
- School of Journalism & Communication, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lyu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Cai
- Jinshan District Central Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Autenrieth LK, Asselmann E, Melzig CA, Benke C. Fear of COVID-19 predicts increases in anxiety, depressive symptoms, health anxiety, psychosocial distress, and loneliness: Findings from a prospective two-year follow-up study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:162-168. [PMID: 39024740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The role of fear of COVID-19 in prospectively predicting changes in psychopathological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. The present data were obtained from a longitudinal non-probability sample in Germany, initially assessed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany (April-May 2020) and reassessed after two years (n = 846; 83% female; mean age: 44.59 years, SD = 12.32; response rate: 19.5%). Multiple linear regressions were used to examine associations of fear of COVID-19 at baseline with depressive symptoms, anxiety, health anxiety, psychosocial distress, and loneliness controlling for (a) the respective symptom measure, and (b) all psychopathological symptoms at baseline. The data were weighted to minimize attrition and representativeness biases. Overall, loneliness decreased from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic until the two-year follow-up, whereas all other symptoms did not change. Fear of COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic predicted an increase in anxiety symptoms, health anxiety, psychosocial distress, and loneliness two years later. In addition, fear of COVID-19 predicted higher health anxiety, depressive symptoms, psychosocial distress, and loneliness, but not anxiety symptoms when controlling for all baseline symptom measures at once. Fear of COVID-19 seems to play a central role in predicting negative mental health outcomes, emphasizing the necessity of indicated prevention and intervention to decrease worry and manage anxiety, thereby reducing the negative impact on mental health caused by fear during future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara K Autenrieth
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eva Asselmann
- Faculty of Health, HMU Health and Medical University, Olympischer Weg 1, 14471, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christiane A Melzig
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps University Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Benke
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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Nasar S, Shome R, Kabir S, Gnani S, Rao M, Rashid SF. Understanding the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and well-being among university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A nested mixed-methods study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27588. [PMID: 38515726 PMCID: PMC10955232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background University students are more at risk of mental illness compared with the general population. Declaration of a global COVID-19 pandemic led the Bangladesh government in March 2020 to implement a national lockdown, home quarantining, social distancing measures, and closure of educational institutions. We aimed to explore the impact of lockdown on the mental health and well-being of university students in Bangladesh. Methods A nested mixed-methods survey design was undertaken using a semi structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews conducted by telephone of 73 university students (mean age of 22 years, range 18 to 26-years-old) attending public and private academic institutions in Dhaka. A questionnaire was developed de-novo and pre-tested. Qualitative, open-ended questions were used to understand experiences regarding students' mental health and well-being, their perceptions of COVID-19, and coping strategies. Results Fifty nine percent of students reported that lockdown had a significant impact on their mental health and well-being. They described difficulties with social isolation and loneliness, motivation, and interpersonal conflict within families. Students' knowledge of COVID-19 were high with television, newspapers, online, and social media were main sources of information; few relied on government reports. Most pressing concerns were timely graduation and employment (83%), not being able to socialize (46%), being stuck at home (37%), and financial difficulties regarding university fees (29%). Additional underlying stressors included financial insecurity of respondents' households and parental health. Coping strategies included watching television or films, online meetings with friends, social media, as well interactions with family. Conclusion As a result of Bangladesh's first national lockdown, university students experienced negative effects on their mental health and well-being. There is an urgent need for greater proactive measures within educational settings, such as mental health literacy programmes and diagnosis management that could mitigate and prevent adverse impacts of future lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameen Nasar
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rituja Shome
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Selima Kabir
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shamini Gnani
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mala Rao
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sabina F. Rashid
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Purrmann L, Speichert LJ, Bäuerle A, Teufel M, Krakowczyk JB, Beckord J, Felderhoff-Müser U, Skoda EM, Dinse H. COVID-19 Vaccine for Children: Determinants and Beliefs Contributing to Vaccination Decision of Parents in Germany 2021/2022. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:20. [PMID: 38250833 PMCID: PMC10820980 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To reduce the number of COVID-19 cases, vaccines were rapidly made available worldwide. For a strategically targeted response to the COVID-19 pandemic, population vaccination coverage was to be maximized. The target groups also included healthy children. In this context, it is important to understand the determinants and beliefs that lead parents to favor or oppose COVID-19 immunization in children. This study aimed to investigate parents' COVID-19 vaccination willingness in Germany for children aged 5-11 years in 2021/2022. For this purpose, the determinants and beliefs behind parents' vaccination decisions were examined. Descriptive analysis and bivariate correlations were performed on COVID-19 vaccination willingness and parents' mental health status, general vaccination attitudes, and SARS-CoV-2 politics perceptions. In total, 2401 participants fully participated in this cross-sectional study. The COVID-19 vaccination uptake (71.4%) outweighed the vaccination refusal (19.4%). Correlations revealed higher vaccine acceptance in parents presenting full vaccination certificates (90.9%), COVID-19 immunizations (99.9%), or increased COVID-19 fear (93.6%). Vaccination-refusal was associated with higher perceived pressure by COVID-19 vaccination campaigns (87.7%), higher experienced restrictions due to COVID-19 protective measures in parents' social environment (83.6%), and engagement against COVID-19 protective measures (51.6%). Besides general anxiety, no significant correlations were observed between parents' mental health variables and vaccination willingness. Although several factors are ultimately associated with vaccination willingness, future vaccination campaigns should prioritize reducing pressure, increasing trust, and considering parents' differentiation between familiar and unfamiliar pathogens during their vaccination decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Purrmann
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Leoni-Johanna Speichert
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Bäuerle
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Teufel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Barbara Krakowczyk
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jil Beckord
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Felderhoff-Müser
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Skoda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hannah Dinse
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Li Q, Zhang X, Yang X, Pan N, Li X, Kemp GJ, Wang S, Gong Q. Pre-COVID brain network topology prospectively predicts social anxiety alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100578. [PMID: 37842018 PMCID: PMC10570707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social anxiety (SA) is a negative emotional response that can lead to mental health issues, which some have experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Little attention has been given to the neurobiological mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences in SA alterations related to COVID-19. This study aims to identify neurofunctional markers of COVID-specific SA development. Methods 110 healthy participants underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests before the pandemic (T1, October 2019 to January 2020) and completed follow-up behavioral measurements during the pandemic (T2, February to May 2020). We constructed individual functional networks and used graph theoretical analysis to estimate their global and nodal topological properties, then used Pearson correlation and partial least squares correlations examine their associations with COVID-specific SA alterations. Results In terms of global network parameters, SA alterations (T2-T1) were negatively related to pre-pandemic brain small-worldness and normalized clustering coefficient. In terms of nodal network parameters, SA alterations were positively linked to a pronounced degree centrality pattern, encompassing both the high-level cognitive networks (dorsal attention network, cingulo-opercular task control network, default mode network, memory retrieval network, fronto-parietal task control network, and subcortical network) and low-level perceptual networks (sensory/somatomotor network, auditory network, and visual network). These findings were robust after controlling for pre-pandemic general anxiety, other stressful life events, and family socioeconomic status, as well as by treating SA alterations as categorical variables. Conclusions The individual functional network associated with SA alterations showed a disrupted topological organization with a more random state, which may shed light on the neurobiological basis of COVID-related SA changes at the network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Graham J. Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Song Wang
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, 361000, China
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Akbaş Y, Atalik G, Yilmaz M, Bozdayi G. Determination of the Relationship between Globus-Type Complaints and COVID-19 Anxiety in Adult Cases with COVID-19. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2023; 76:183-191. [PMID: 37573781 PMCID: PMC10997256 DOI: 10.1159/000533564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Besides generalized symptoms, patients with COVID-19 also show otolaryngological (ENT) symptoms. Globus is one of these symptoms. Anxiety problems may accompany the disease, as well. This study investigated the relationship between globus symptoms and COVID-19 anxiety in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS The Turkish version of Glasgow-Edinburgh Throat Scale (GETS-T) and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) was used to investigation of the relationship between globus symptoms and COVID-19 anxiety in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. They responded to the GETS-T for the evaluation of throat symptoms and determination of their severity. Additionally, it examined the level of dysfunctional anxiety associated with the coronavirus in COVID-19 patients by using the CAS. Data were collected through telephone interviews. There were 220 participants in a prospective cross-sectional study (110 COVID-19 patients and 110 non-COVID-19). RESULTS Results show the GETS-T total score to be significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than in the non-COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). As the GETS-T total score increased, CAS total score also increased significantly in the COVID-19 group. Total scores of GETS-T and CAS were found to be lower in the post-acute period than in the acute period in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study confirms that globus-type symptoms may be present in the clinical appearance of COVID-19 infection. In addition, the results support the opinion held in the academic literature that there are positive correlations between globus sensation and psychosomatic etiology. Furthermore, the study concludes that the symptoms generalized as globus-type symptoms, which include sore throat, the feeling that something is stuck in the throat, and the inability to clear the throat, decrease and almost disappear after the first month of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Akbaş
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güzide Atalik
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Yilmaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülendam Bozdayi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Jang SY, Cha Y, Kim Y, Kim KJ, Kim H, Choy W. Analysis of the Effects of COVID-19 on Hip Fractures in Korea Without Lockdown: Interrupted Time Series Analysis Using a Nationwide Cohort. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e137. [PMID: 37158773 PMCID: PMC10166703 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in the incidence rate, length of hospital stay (LOS), in-hospital mortality rate, and surgical method of hip fractures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in South Korea where lockdown restrictions were not implemented. METHODS We calculated the expected values of the incidence of hip fractures, in-hospital mortality and LOS of hip fracture patients in 2020 (COVID period) based hip fracture database of the Korean National Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) during a 9-year period from 2011 to 2019 (pre-COVID period). A generalized estimating equation model with Poisson distribution and logarithmic link function was used to estimate adjusted annual percent change (PC) of incidence rate and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Then, we compared the annual incidence, in-hospital mortality rate and LOS in 2020 with the expected values. RESULTS The overall incidence rate of hip fracture in 2020 was not significantly different from the expected value (PC, -5%; 95% CI, -13 to 4; P = 0.280). In women, the incidence rate of hip fracture in age groups over 70 years was smaller than the predicted value (P < 0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate was not significantly different from the expected value (PC, 5%; 95% CI, -8 to 19; P = 0.461). The mean LOS was larger than the expected value by 2% (PC, 2%; 95% CI, 1 to 3; P < 0.001). In intertrochanteric fracture, the proportion of internal fixation was smaller than the predicted value by 2% (PC, -2%; 95% CI, -3 to -1; P < 0.001), and that of hemiarthroplasty was larger than the predicted value by 8% (PC, 8%; 95% CI, 4 to 14; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In 2020, the incidence rate of hip fracture did not significantly decrease, and in-hospital mortality rate did not significantly increase compared to the expected rates, which were projected based on the HIRA hip fracture data from 2011 to 2019. Only LOS increased slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Yong Jang
- Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yonghan Cha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Yongwoo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kap-Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hayong Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Wonsik Choy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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González Ortega E, Pinedo González R, Vicario-Molina I, Palacios Picos A, Orgaz Baz MB. Loneliness and associated factors among older adults during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 86:101547. [PMID: 37153355 PMCID: PMC10126222 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Considering the health outcomes of loneliness, it is important to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic for older adults to facilitate detection and intervention. The aim of this study was to examine loneliness among Spanish older adults during the first wave lockdown and associated factors, in comparison to younger adults. An online survey was completed by 3508 adults (401 aged 60 or above). Older adults felt higher social loneliness than younger adults, but lower emotional loneliness. Living alone, poor mental health, and poor healthy habits were related to higher loneliness for both age groups. The results suggest that loneliness should be an important factor in primary care, and prevention efforts should be taken, e.g., by generating open and safe community spaces and contexts for social interaction and promoting the access and ability to use technologies that maintain social connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva González Ortega
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Salamanca, Avenida de la Merced S/N, Salamanca 37005, Spain
| | - Ruth Pinedo González
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Valladolid, Plaza de la Universidad 1, Segovia 40005, Spain
| | - Isabel Vicario-Molina
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Salamanca, Avenida de la Merced S/N, Salamanca 37005, Spain
| | - Andrés Palacios Picos
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Valladolid, Plaza de la Universidad 1, Segovia 40005, Spain
| | - Mª Begoña Orgaz Baz
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Salamanca, Avenida de la Merced S/N, Salamanca 37005, Spain
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Brasseler M, Fink M, Mitschdörfer B, Reimann M, Skoda EM, Bäuerle A, Teufel M, Felderhoff-Müser U, Hüning B. Psychological Burden during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Female Caregivers of Preterm versus Term Born Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050787. [PMID: 37238335 DOI: 10.3390/children10050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND during the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological burden increased. Contact restrictions were predominantly stressful for families. Parenthood was reported to be especially challenging for parents of preterm children. MATERIAL AND METHODS a cross-sectional online-based survey on the psychological burden of parents of preterm and full-term born infants and toddlers during the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany was offered by social media, webpages, etc. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), COVID-19 Anxiety (C-19-A), COVID-19-related child protection behavior (PB) were used. RESULTS 2742 parents-predominantly females-took part in the study, 2025 parents of full-term and 717 parents of preterm born children. Female caregivers of full-term children reported significantly more depression symptoms than those of preterm children during the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. The PB correlated with increased COVID-19 anxiety as well as with increased generalized anxiety and depression symptoms. Female caregivers of preterm children showed significantly more protection behavior than those of full-term born children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maire Brasseler
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Paediatric I, Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Fink
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Margarete Reimann
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Paediatric I, Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Bunter Kreis, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Skoda
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Bäuerle
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Teufel
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Felderhoff-Müser
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Paediatric I, Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Britta Hüning
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Paediatric I, Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, C-TNBS, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Bunter Kreis, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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10
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Fear generalization and behavioral responses to multiple dangers. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:369-380. [PMID: 36428124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Animals often exhibit consistent-individual differences (CIDs) in boldness/fearfulness, typically studied in the context of predation risk. We focus here on fear generalization, where fear of one danger (e.g., predators) is correlated with fear of other dangers (e.g., humans, pathogens, moving vehicles, or fire). We discuss why fear generalization should be ecologically important, and why we expect fear to correlate across disparate dangers. CIDs in fear are well studied for some dangers in some taxa (e.g., human fear of pathogens), but not well studied for most dangers. Fear of some dangers has been found to correlate with general fearfulness, but some cases where we might expect correlated fears (e.g., between fear of humans, familiar predators, and exotic predators) are surprisingly understudied.
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11
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Carletti TM, Meira IA, Gama LT, Medeiros MMDD, Cavalcanti YW, Rodrigues Garcia RCM. Association of sociodemographic characteristics, mental health, and sleep quality with COVID-19 fear in an elderly Brazilian population. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8668271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study determined whether COVID-19 fear is correlated with sociodemographic characteristics, general health, mental health, and sleep quality in an elderly Brazilians. Methods: Elderly people aged ≥ 60 years replied to an online survey containing questions about their sociodemographic characteristics; general health; levels of stress, anxiety, and depression; sleep quality; and COVID fear. Results: Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics (α = 5%). In total, 705 elderly people with mean age of 66 ± 5 years, and most (82.7%) respondents were women, graduated and from southeastern Brazil. COVID-19 fear correlated positively and moderately with sleep quality and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (all p < 0.001). It was associated with females. Elderly people from northern and northeastern Brazil and diabetics had increased COVID-19 fear (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The fear of COVID-19 exists among Brazilian female old people, diabetics, increases anxiety and stress symptoms, and worsen sleep quality in elderly people.
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12
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Chu Y, Wang X, Dai H. Prevalence and risk factors for anxiety and depression among community dwelling patients with cervical spondylosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13497. [PMID: 36776911 PMCID: PMC9899124 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of COVID-19 and its unfavorable consequences lead to disease fear and other related mental health problems for individuals worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and relevant factors of anxiety and depression among community dwelling cervical spondylosis (CS) patients, and to explore the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety and depression, so as to provide scientific basis for improving their mental health. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a cohort of 556 CS patients by using convenient sampling. These participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). The Chi-square test was used to determine the differences among categorical variables. Binary stepwise logistic regression was used to determine predictors of anxiety and depression. Results The median HADS-A score was 5 (interquartile interval 2-7), and the median HADS-D score was 4 (interquartile interval 2-8). In this study, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 25.0% and 26.6%, respectively. Gender and comorbid chronic diseases were predictors of depressive symptoms. In addition, fear of COVID-19 was related to depression and anxiety among community dwelling CS patients. Conclusion Approximately one quarter of community dwelling CS patients were suffering depression or anxiety. Our findings could provide a basis for the development of psychological crisis intervention strategies for CS patients under public health emergencies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongliang Dai
- Corresponding author. School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
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13
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Asgari Z, Darvishpour A. The older adults' experiences of living in the nursing home during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in Iran. Nurs Open 2022; 10:3122-3131. [PMID: 36565157 PMCID: PMC9880649 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to describe the experiences of older adults living in a nursing home during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive study. METHODS In present study, 20 older adults living in a nursing home in Rasht, northern Iran, participated. Purposeful sampling was applied until data saturation. The qualitative content analysis was done according to the steps proposed by Zhang and Wildemuth. RESULTS The central theme was "Intensification of life problems in the nursing home", which emerged from the 115 primary codes, 4 main categories and 7 subcategories. The main categories included "feelings about COVID-19," "intensification of isolation and loneliness," "imprisonment and feeling forgotten" and "difficulty in adapting". CONCLUSION Quarantine and special protocols have aggravated the hardships of life for older adults, and they experienced negative emotions in the nursing home. However, the older adults hoped that the situation would improve, and the pandemic would end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Asgari
- Department of Nursing, Zeynab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and MidwiferyGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Azar Darvishpour
- Department of Nursing, Zeynab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and MidwiferyGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran,Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research CenterGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
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14
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Piumatti G, Amati R, Richard A, Baysson H, Purgato M, Guessous I, Stringhini S, Albanese E. Associations between Depression and Self-Reported COVID-19 Symptoms among Adults: Results from Two Population-Based Seroprevalence Studies in Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16696. [PMID: 36554578 PMCID: PMC9779289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Mental health may modulate the perceived risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is unclear how psychological symptoms may distort symptom perception of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We assessed whether depressive symptoms predicted self-reported COVID-19 symptoms, independently of serologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2) Participants (aged 20-64) in the Geneva (N = 576) and Ticino (N = 581) Swiss regions completed the Patient Health Questionnaire before being tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and recalled COVID-19-compatible symptoms on two occasions: April-July 2020 (baseline), and January-February 2021 (follow-up). We estimated prevalence ratios for COVID-19 symptoms by depression scores in interaction with serological status. (3) At baseline, in Geneva, higher depression predicted higher probability of reporting systemic, upper airways, and gastro-intestinal symptoms, and fever and/or cough; in Ticino, higher depression predicted systemic, upper airways, and gastro-intestinal symptoms, fever and/or cough, dyspnea, and headache. At follow-up, in Geneva, higher depression predicted higher probability of reporting systemic symptoms and dyspnea; in Ticino, higher depression predicted higher probability of reporting systemic and upper airways symptoms, dyspnea and headache (all p values < 0.05). (4) We found positive associations between depressive symptoms and COVID-19-compatible symptoms, independently of seropositivity. Mental wellbeing has relevant public health implications because it modulates self-reported infection symptoms that inform testing, self-medication, and containment measures, including quarantine and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Amati
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of BioMedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Aude Richard
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Baysson
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Purgato
- Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of BioMedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Feng LS, Wu XQ, Li QL, Yang Q, Yin FL, Wang QY, Zhu YL, Yan RY, Tu CL, Yang LY, Zhong WJ, Dong ZJ. Development and reliability and validity test of the Fear of Cancer Scale (FOCS). Ann Med 2022; 54:2354-2362. [PMID: 36066037 PMCID: PMC9467598 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a Fear of Cancer Scale (FOCS) for non-cancer populations. METHODS FOCS was developed by classical measurement theory. A total of 15 college students were invited to conduct semi-structured interviews. Seven experts were invited for expert consultation. A total of 2012 Chinese college students who had completed the electronic questionnaire on WJX.cn platform was included. The reliability and validity of FOCS were verified. Multiple linear regression analysis was adopted to explore the influencing factors of cancer fear among college students and further verify the validity of FOCS. RESULTS There were 17 items in the FOCS, including two subscales - direct fear (8 items), and indirect fear (9 items). FOCS had good validity and reliability. Multiple linear regression showed that GAD-7 score, CSDS score, negative coping score, positive coping score, guardian's highest education, gender, life satisfaction, nationality and major were the influencing factors of cancer fear (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The 17-item FOCS was a reliable and valid measure to examine the level of cancer fear in non-cancer populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sen Feng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (The People's Hospital of Yuxi City), Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (The People's Hospital of Yuxi City), Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qing-Li Li
- No.1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Fu-Lin Yin
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qi-Yao Wang
- No.1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yu-Lu Zhu
- No.1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Ruo-Yu Yan
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (The People's Hospital of Yuxi City), Yunnan, PR China
| | - Chang-Ling Tu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Yunnan, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Yang
- Kunming Health Vocational College, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wen-Jue Zhong
- Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zheng-Jiao Dong
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (The People's Hospital of Yuxi City), Yunnan, PR China
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16
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Umutoniwase S, Nshimyiryo A, Barnhart DA, Dusabeyezu S, Mpanumusingo E, Nahimana E, Mubiligi JM, Cubaka VK. Food insecurity and level of depression among patients with chronic diseases, and associated factors during the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study in rural Rwanda. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054137. [PMID: 36216428 PMCID: PMC9556745 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe access to food and symptoms of depression among patients with chronic diseases or their caregivers, and assess associated factors during the COVID-19 lockdown in rural Rwanda. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A stratified random sampling technique was used to recruit 220 patients enrolled in the HIV, non-communicable diseases, mental health, paediatric development clinic and oncology programmes in three rural districts of Rwanda. OUTCOME MEASURES Telephone-based interviews were conducted to collect data on the number of daily meals before and during the COVID-19, and depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We used logistic regression analysis to investigate factors associated with households reporting a reduction in daily meals and with the survey respondent reporting symptoms of depression. RESULTS Of the participants, 19.1% reported a reduction in daily number of meals for either adults or children in their households during lockdown and 24.6% had depression. Reporting a reduction in daily meals was associated with the district of residence and estimated household's monthly income. Self-reported depression was significantly associated with negative experiences during lockdown, including reporting feeling depressed or fear (AOR 4.82; 95% CI 2.08 to 11.21), loneliness (AOR 4.33; 95% CI 1.32 to 14.13), reduction in daily meals (AOR 4.15; 95% CI 1.56 to 11.00) and lack of access to healthcare (OR 3.29; 95% CI 1.32 to 8.23). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that significant reduction in access to food affected rural Rwandans with chronic diseases during COVID-19 lockdown, and the lockdown effect varied by household's pre-pandemic level of vulnerability to food insecurity. Reduction in household meals, as well as other self-reported effects of the lockdown, were associated with worse psychological status of survey respondents. Economic and food support should be considered by governments and non-governmental organisations to protect those most vulnerable including patients with chronic diseases against the effects of pandemics and their associated containment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dale A Barnhart
- Research and Training, Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
- Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Evrard Nahimana
- Clinical, Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Joel M Mubiligi
- Clinical, Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Vincent K Cubaka
- Research and Training, Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
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17
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Zhao Y, Yu Y, Zhao R, Cai Y, Gao S, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhang H, Chen H, Li Y, Shi H. Association between fear of COVID-19 and hoarding behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of mental health status. Front Psychol 2022; 13:996486. [PMID: 36211904 PMCID: PMC9534310 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoarding behavior can effectively improve people's ability to resist risks, so as to reduce the negative effects of risks. However, excessive hoarding behavior will seriously reduce people's quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic can cause excessive hoarding in a large number of people in a short period of time, and also cause a series of economic problems such as social material shortage. It is unclear how hoarding levels are linked to fear and negative emotions caused by COVID-19 among people of different educational backgrounds and social status. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and hoarding behavior in different populations in school and social contexts, as well as the mediating role of negative emotions and the moderating role of subjective/objective social status and education level in this process. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in various provinces in China in January 2022. Demographic information, the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, the Fear of COVID-19 scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress-21, and the Saving Inventory-Revised were used to evaluate the severity of individual hoarding symptoms, the frequency of hoarding, the degree of fear, and the negative emotions (depression, anxiety, stress) caused by COVID-19. Research data showed that fear of COVID-19 was significantly correlated with hoarding behavior (p < 0.05). Fear of COVID-19 was significantly lower in the student sample than in the nonstudent sample (p < 0.05). Negative emotions played a mediating role in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and hoarding behavior (p < 0.05). Educational and economic levels moderated this process, but social status did not. Compared with the student sample, educational background and income had less of a moderating effect on the depression, anxiety, and stress caused by fear of COVID-19 in the nonstudent sample. However, these factors had a more regulative effect on the clutter and excessive acquisition behavior caused by depression, anxiety, and stress, although not on difficulty discarding. These findings suggest that reduce negative emotions in the population, improve cognitive levels, and provide financial support from governments may be effective ways to reduce hoarding symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruofan Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiming Cai
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Early Life Health Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Nursing School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Haiying Chen,
| | - Youdong Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Early Life Health Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Institute of Mental Health, Shijiazhuang, China
- Youdong Li,
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Early Life Health Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Haishui Shi,
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Schmitz A, Garten C, Kühne S, Brandt M. Worries about inadequate medical treatment in case of a COVID-19 infection: the role of social inequalities, COVID-19 prevalence and healthcare infrastructure. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1761. [PMID: 36114486 PMCID: PMC9482236 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigates individual and regional determinants of worries about inadequate medical treatment in case of a COVID-19 infection, an important indicator of mental wellbeing in pandemic times as it potentially affects the compliance with mitigation measures and the willingness to get vaccinated. The analyses shed light on the following questions: Are there social inequalities in worries about inadequate medical treatment in case of a COVID-19 infection? What is the role of the regional spread of COVID-19 infections and regional healthcare capacities? Methods Based on data derived from the German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP), a representative sample of the German population aged 18 years and over, we estimated multilevel logistic regression models with individual-level (level 1) and regional-level (level 2) variables. The regional variables of interest were (a) the number of COVID-19 infections, (b) the number of hospital beds as an overall measure of the regional healthcare capacities, and (c) the number of free intensive care units as a measure of the actual capacities for treating patients with severe courses of COVID-19. Results Women, older respondents, persons with migrant background and those with a lower socioeconomic status were more likely to report worries about inadequate medical treatment in case of a COVID-19 infection. Moreover, respondents with chronic illness, lower subjective health and those who consider COVID-19 as a threat for their own health were more likely to report worries. In addition, also regional characteristics were relevant. Worries were more common in poorer regions with higher COVID-19 infections and worse health infrastructure as indicated by the number of hospital beds. Conclusions The analysis not only indicates that several social groups are more concerned about inadequate medical treatment in case of a COVID-19 infection, but also highlights the need for considering regional-level influences, such as the spread of the virus, poverty rates and healthcare infrastructure, when analyzing the social and health-related consequences of the pandemic.
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Bauer N, Löffler C, Öznur Ö, Uecker C, Keil T, Langhorst J. Mind-body-medicine and comprehensive lifestyle-modification in patients with Crohn's disease—Feasibility of a randomized controlled trial under pandemic circumstances. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:960301. [PMID: 36081609 PMCID: PMC9447476 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.960301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mind-body medicine (MBM) focuses on stress reduction and lifestyle changes. The primary objective of this pilot trial was to test study feasibility of a complex integrative MBM program for patients with Crohn's disease (CD), especially in rural regions, and under pandemic conditions. Methods Patients were stratified and randomized to the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). The intervention included a weekly 6-h session for 10 weeks. The CG (waiting list) received an initial 90-min workshop and started the intervention 9 months later. The primary outcome for study feasibility was recruitment and retention rates, as well as reasons for drop-out. The trial took place in Bamberg, Germany (September 2020 to December 2021). Results Totally 700 members of the German Crohn's and Colitis Organization—DCCV—were contacted. A total of 15% (102/700; 95% CI 12–17%) expressed interest to participate. Following screening, 41% (95% CI 32–50) were randomized to IG (n = 22) and CG (n = 20). The patients were on average (±standard deviation) 48 ± 13 years old, 67% were female, and have been suffering from CD for 20 ± 12 years. Patients traveled 71.5 ± 48.7 km (range: 9–227 km) to the intervention with no differences between IG and CG. At the 6-month follow-up, 36/42 (86%, 95% CI 74–95%) participants completed final assessment and 19/22 (86%, 95% CI 70–100%) the intervention. The most important reasons for non-responding were work-related (12/60; 20%) and for or drop-out pandemic-related anxiety (3/6). No patient and staff member became infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the study. Conclusion The feasibility of the MBM study was confirmed in terms of predefined recruitment and retention criteria, both despite difficult conditions (including the rural setting) and patients' fears associated with the pandemic. It was crucial to develop appropriate hygiene and safety concepts that enable chronically ill patients to participate in helpful group-based interventions even under pandemic conditions. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05182645.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bauer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Löffler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Özlem Öznur
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Christine Uecker
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bamberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jost Langhorst
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20
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Yilmaz Yavuz A, Altinsoy C. The relationship between chronotype, night eating behavior and fear of COVID-19 in academics. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1359-1367. [PMID: 35950801 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Academics are an occupational group that works at an intense pace. The number of studies on chronotype and night eating behavior in academics is limited, and there is insufficient data on whether fear of COVID-19 is also a risk for developing eating disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chronotype and night eating syndrome (NES) and examine the influence of fear of COVID-19 on night eating behavior in academics. The study data were collected using the personal information form, "Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale." According to the chronotypes of the academicians, it was determined that the score compatible with NES and the scores of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale differed statistically significantly, and the score compatible with NES and Fear of COVID-19 Scale scores were also higher in the evening type at a rate of 29.2% compared to other chronotypes (p < .05). The Fear of COVID-19 scale and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire scores were significantly correlated with the Night Eating Questionnaire (R = .391 R2 = .153 p < .05). The variables of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire explained 15% of the total variance of the Night Eating Questionnaire scores. Considering that academics are a group that works without the concept of overtime and whose work intensity is high, it is clear that studies should be conducted to raise awareness to protect the physical health of academics and prevent the development of eating disorders. There is a need for studies that question the relationship between chronotype, diet, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Yilmaz Yavuz
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Health Sciences, Rize, Turkey
| | - Canan Altinsoy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of anxiety disorders - a literature review. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A number of psychological symptoms have been identified in people living during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of them are associated with widely understood anxiety disorders, which have always been a significant problem for mental health.
Materials and methods: The available literature was reviewed on the Pubmed platform and from other sources. The analysis included original studies, reviews, meta-analyzes and internet sources. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the occurrence and severity of symptoms of anxiety disorders.
Results: The studies conducted so far show that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental state of people around the world, especially in the area of anxiety disorders. Many studies indicate an increase in the prevalence of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Research also indicates a greater incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder in society. Symptoms of somatization were also quite often observed in patients. However, the state of published studies indicates that the pandemic did not significantly affect the severity of symptoms associated with social phobia. In the context of phobic disorders, a new type has been formulated: COVID-19-related phobia.
Conclusions: The conducted literature review shows that the current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increase in the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety disorders in the general population. The multifaceted nature of the issue of anxiety disorders in the COVID-19 pandemic clearly indicates the need to continue research in this area.
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22
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Stephenson E, O'Neill B, Kalia S, Ji C, Crampton N, Butt DA, Tu K. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression in primary care: A retrospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 303:216-222. [PMID: 35139415 PMCID: PMC8818125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based surveys indicate that many people experienced increased psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to determine if there was a corresponding increase in patients receiving services for anxiety and depression from their family physicians. METHODS Electronic medical records from the University of Toronto Practice Based-Research Network (UTOPIAN; N = 322,920 patients) were used to calculate incidence rates for anxiety/depression related visits and antidepressant prescriptions before the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2018-February 2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (March-December 2020). Data from the pre-pandemic period were used to predict expected rates during the pandemic period which was compared to the observed rate. RESULTS The number of patients presenting with anxiety/depression symptoms in primary care varied across age groups, sex, and time since pandemic onset. Among the youngest patients (ages 10-18 years), there were fewer patients than pre-pandemic visiting for new episodes of anxiety/depression and being prescribed antidepressants in April 2020, but by the end of 2020 this trend had reversed such that incidence rates for anxiety/depression related visits were higher than pre-pandemic levels. Among older adults, incidence rates of anxiety/depression related visits increased in April 2020 with the onset of the pandemic, and remained higher than expected throughout 2020. LIMITATIONS A convenience sample of 362 family physicians in Ontario was used. CONCLUSION Demand for mental health services from family physicians varied by patient age and sex and changed with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. By the end of 2020, more patients were seeking treatment for anxiety/depression related concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Stephenson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada.
| | - Braden O'Neill
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sumeet Kalia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Catherine Ji
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Toronto Western Family Health Team, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noah Crampton
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Toronto Western Family Health Team, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Debra A Butt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Scarborough Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Tu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Toronto Western Family Health Team, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Faraci P, Bottaro R, Valenti GD, Craparo G. Psychological Well-Being During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediation Role of Generalized Anxiety. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:695-709. [PMID: 35342311 PMCID: PMC8943961 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s354083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The outbreak of the COVID-19 has largely impacted individuals’ health and lifestyles. This study aimed to investigate people’s psychological well-being during the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We selected six indicators of psychological well-being: fear of COVID-19, loneliness, social interaction anxiety, generalized anxiety, PTSD, and depression. A sample of 231 Italian participants (56.3% women), with a mean age of 32.7 (SD=12.61), completed an online survey from February to March 2021, during the so called “second wave”. It included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the UCLA Loneliness Scale- Version 3, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R), and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). Results Apart from loneliness, women reported lower levels of psychological well-being than men. Fairly good associations between all the detected variables were found. Based on a mediation model evaluation (in which generalized anxiety was introduced as a mediator in the relationship between fear of COVID-19, PTSD, loneliness, social interaction anxiety, and depression), except for social interaction anxiety, total and partial mediation effects suggested that generalized anxiety played a crucial role in exacerbating depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Conclusion Our outcomes may expand the knowledge about the psychological well-being during the pandemic experience, with a focus on the mediating role of generalized anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmira Faraci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences - University of Enna “Kore”, Enna, Italy
- Correspondence: Palmira Faraci, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria, Enna, 94100, Italy, Tel +39 0935 536536, Email
| | - Rossella Bottaro
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences - University of Enna “Kore”, Enna, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Craparo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences - University of Enna “Kore”, Enna, Italy
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Krakowczyk JB, Planert J, Skoda EM, Dinse H, Kaup T, Teufel M, Bäuerle A. Pandemic Fatigue, Psychopathological Risk Factors, and Vaccination Attitudes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021– A Network Analysis. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022; 8:100345. [PMID: 35382495 PMCID: PMC8969297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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25
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Manchia M, Gathier AW, Yapici-Eser H, Schmidt MV, de Quervain D, van Amelsvoort T, Bisson JI, Cryan JF, Howes OD, Pinto L, van der Wee NJ, Domschke K, Branchi I, Vinkers CH. The impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on stress resilience and mental health: A critical review across waves. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 55:22-83. [PMID: 34818601 PMCID: PMC8554139 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The global public health crisis caused by COVID-19 has lasted longer than many of us would have hoped and expected. With its high uncertainty and limited control, the COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly asked a lot from all of us. One important central question is: how resilient have we proved in face of the unprecedented and prolonged coronavirus pandemic? There is a vast and rapidly growing literature that has examined the impact of the pandemic on mental health both on the shorter (2020) and longer (2021) term. This not only concerns pandemic-related effects on resilience in the general population, but also how the pandemic has challenged stress resilience and mental health outcomes across more specific vulnerable population groups: patients with a psychiatric disorder, COVID-19 diagnosed patients, health care workers, children and adolescents, pregnant women, and elderly people. It is challenging to keep up to date with, and interpret, this rapidly increasing scientific literature. In this review, we provide a critical overview on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted mental health and how human stress resilience has been shaped by the pandemic on the shorter and longer term. The vast literature is dominated by a wealth of data which are, however, not always of the highest quality and heavily depend on online and self-report surveys. Nevertheless, it appears that we have proven surprisingly resilient over time, with fast recovery from COVID-19 measures. Still, vulnerable groups such as adolescents and health care personnel that have been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic do exist. Large interindividual differences exist, and for future pandemics there is a clear need to comprehensively and integratively assess resilience from the start to provide personalized help and interventions tailored to the specific needs for vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Abbreviation
| | - Anouk W Gathier
- Department of Psychiatry (GGZ inGeest), Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Vrije University, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience research institutes, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hale Yapici-Eser
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominique de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Department of Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan I Bisson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John F Cryan
- Dept Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Oliver D Howes
- King's College London, London, SE5 8AF Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN Lundbeck A/v, Valby, Denmark
| | - Luisa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nic J van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, LUMC Neuroscience and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Igor Branchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry (GGZ inGeest), Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Vrije University, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience research institutes, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Vrije University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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26
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Costanza A, Macheret L, Folliet A, Amerio A, Aguglia A, Serafini G, Prada P, Bondolfi G, Sarasin F, Ambrosetti J. COVID-19 Related Fears of Patients Admitted to a Psychiatric Emergency Department during and Post-Lockdown in Switzerland: Preliminary Findings to Look Ahead for Tailored Preventive Mental Health Strategies. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57121360. [PMID: 34946305 PMCID: PMC8707997 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: While the impact on mental health of 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) has been extensively documented, little is known about its influence on subjective fears. Here, we investigate the COVID-19 impact and its related restrictions on fears of patients admitted to a psychiatric Emergency Department (ED) during and post-lockdown. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study on 1477 consultations at the psychiatric ED of the University Hospital of Geneva (HUG) was performed using a mixed-methods analysis. The first analysis section was qualitative, aiming to explore the type of fears, while the second section statistically compared fears (i) during lockdown (16 March 2020–10 May 2020) and (ii) post-lockdown (11 May 2020–5 July 2020). Fears were also explored among different patient-age sub-groups. Results: 334 patients expressed one/more fears. Both in lockdown and post-lockdown, fears mostly pertained to “containment measures” (isolation, loneliness). When compared lockdown vs. post-lockdown, fears about “work status” (deteriorating, losing work) prevailed in lockdown (p = 0.029) while “hopelessness” (powerless feeling, inability to find solutions) in post-lockdown (p = 0.001). “Self around COVID-19” (dying, getting sick) fear was relatively more frequent in youth (p = 0.039), while “hopelessness” in the elderly (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Collectively, these findings highlight that lockdown/post-lockdown periods generated temporally and demographically distinct COVID-19 related fears patterns, with special regard to youth and elderly, two particularly vulnerable populations when faced with sudden and unexpected dramatic events. For this reason, the particular ED “front-line service” status makes it a privileged observatory that can provide novel insights. From a mental health perspective, these latter can be translated into pragmatic, more personalized prevention strategies to reinforce specific resilience resources and mitigate the current and long-term pandemic’s impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Costanza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-59-00
| | - Laura Macheret
- Emergency Psychiatric Unit (UAUP), Department of Emergency and Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.M.); (A.F.); (J.A.)
| | - Aline Folliet
- Emergency Psychiatric Unit (UAUP), Department of Emergency and Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.M.); (A.F.); (J.A.)
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paco Prada
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of Liaison Psychiatry and Crisis Intervention (SPLIC), Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Guido Bondolfi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of Liaison Psychiatry and Crisis Intervention (SPLIC), Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.P.); (G.B.)
| | - François Sarasin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Emergency, Emergency Medicine Unit, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Julia Ambrosetti
- Emergency Psychiatric Unit (UAUP), Department of Emergency and Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.M.); (A.F.); (J.A.)
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27
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Pérès K, Ouvrard C, Koleck M, Rascle N, Dartigues J, Bergua V, Amieva H. Living in rural area: A protective factor for a negative experience of the lockdown and the COVID-19 crisis in the oldest old population? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1950-1958. [PMID: 34378244 PMCID: PMC8420248 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some factors influence the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic (health, loneliness, digital access...), but what about the living area? The objective was to compare between rural and urban areas, the psychological and social experiences of the older individuals with regard to the COVID-19 crisis during the first French lockdown. METHODS The sample included participants of three existing population-based cohorts on aging. Telephone interviews conducted by psychologists focused on the lockdown period. Data collected included living environment, professional assistance, social support, contacts with relatives, difficulties encountered, health, and knowledge and representations of the epidemic. The negative experience was defined by the presence of at least two of the following items: high anxiety symptomatology, depressive symptoms, worries or difficulties during the lockdown and insufficient social support. RESULTS The sample included 467 participants, aged on average 87.5 years (5.2), 58.9% were female and 47.1% lived in rural areas. Persons living in rural area had better social support, greater family presence, a less frequent feeling of imprisonment (OR = 0.60, 95 CI% = 0.36-0.99), 95% had a garden (vs. 56%), fewer depressive symptoms and lower anxiety scores, but also tended to lower comply with the health measures. Finally, they had an almost twofold lower risk of having a negative experience of the lockdown compared to their urban counterparts (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.33-0.92, p = 0.0223). CONCLUSIONS The oldest old living in rural area experienced the first lockdown better than the urbans. Living conditions, with access to nature, a greater social support and family presence, could have contributed to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Pérès
- INSERM, U 1219 Bordeaux Population HealthUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Camille Ouvrard
- INSERM, U 1219 Bordeaux Population HealthUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Michèle Koleck
- INSERM, U 1219 Bordeaux Population HealthUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Nicole Rascle
- INSERM, U 1219 Bordeaux Population HealthUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | - Valérie Bergua
- INSERM, U 1219 Bordeaux Population HealthUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Hélène Amieva
- INSERM, U 1219 Bordeaux Population HealthUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
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Generalized Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Dysfunctional Eating Behavior after Obesity Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010890. [PMID: 34682635 PMCID: PMC8536045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study investigates the impact of obesity surgery on mental health (i.e., eating behavior and distress) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Two hundred fifty-four participants were recruited via social media. One hundred fourteen (44.53%) of them were surgery candidates (waiting for obesity surgery), while 142 (55.46%) had already undergone surgery. Participants who underwent surgery were compared to participants that did not yet undergo surgery in terms of mental burden (depression and anxiety), as well as safety and eating behavior. Further moderation analyses attempted to identify risk factors for increased COVID-19-related dysfunctional eating behavior after surgery. Results: Participants who underwent surgery showed generally lower levels of depression and general anxiety on a trend level. Moderation analyses suggested that people with high levels of generalized anxiety actually show more dysfunctional COVID-19-specific eating behavior after obesity surgery. Conclusion: On a trend level, obesity surgery appears to attenuate symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression. Yet, surgery patients with high levels of generalized anxiety exhibit even higher levels of dysfunctional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is therefore particularly important to support people at risk.
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Fiske A, Schneider A, McLennan S, Karapetyan S, Buyx A. Impact of COVID-19 on patient health and self-care practices: a mixed-methods survey with German patients. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051167. [PMID: 34518272 PMCID: PMC8438575 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine German patients': (1) self-estimation of the impact of the pandemic on their health and healthcare; and (2) use of digital self-care practices during the pandemic. DESIGN Cross-sectional mixed-methods survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS General practice patients from four physicians' offices located in urban and rural areas of Bavaria, Germany, between 21 July 2020 and 17 October 2020. A total of 254 patients participated (55% response rate); 57% (262 of 459) identified as female and participants had an average age of 39.3 years. Patients were eligible to participate if they were 18 years or older and spoke German, and had access to the internet. RESULTS (1) Healthcare for patients was affected by the pandemic, and the mental health of a small group of respondents was particularly affected. The risk of depression and anxiety disorder was significantly increased in patients with quarantine experience. (2) Self-care practices have increased; more than one-third (39%) of participants indicated that they started a new or additional self-care practice during the pandemic, and about a quarter (23%) of patients who were not previously engaged in self-care practices started new self-care activities for the first time; however, such practices were not necessarily digital. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation is required to understand the relationship between digital self-care and public health events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and to develop strategies to alleviate the burden of the quarantine experience for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Fiske
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonius Schneider
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stuart McLennan
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Siranush Karapetyan
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alena Buyx
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Fink M, Bäuerle A, Schmidt K, Rheindorf N, Musche V, Dinse H, Moradian S, Weismüller B, Schweda A, Teufel M, Skoda EM. COVID-19-Fear Affects Current Safety Behavior Mediated by Neuroticism-Results of a Large Cross-Sectional Study in Germany. Front Psychol 2021; 12:671768. [PMID: 34421728 PMCID: PMC8377249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Although many research studies concerning changes in personality and behavior in time of COVID-19 pandemic emerged, important questions still have not been answered. This study with a large sample aimed to give insights into the impact of personality on pandemic fear and behavior by investigating the Big Five traits, COVID-19-fear, and associated behavioral changes in a large German-speaking sample. Methods: About 14,048 healthy respondents (65.5% female, 34.2% male, and 0.32% other gender/gender queer; range = 18-85 years, median age 35-44 years) participated in the survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two scales, "adherent" safety behavior (ASB, α = 0.857) and "dysfunctional" safety behavior (DSB, α = 0.876), three items each, measured pandemic-associated behavior. The Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) tested personality traits. Results: While ASB correlated negatively with extraversion (rho = -0.053, ≤ 0.001), the other four traits were positively associated, with the highest association for neuroticism (rho = 0.116, ≤ 0.001), whereas neuroticism showed a positive correlation (rho = 0.142, ≤ 0.001) with DSB, extraversion (rho = -0.042, ≤ 0.001), agreeableness (rho = -0.028, ≤ 0.001), and conscientiousness (rho = -0.025, ≤ 0.001) correlated negatively with it. Regression analyses showed a small extent of the effect of personality traits. Moreover, neuroticism mediated the association between COVID-19-fear and DSB (positive-directed). Conclusions: Even though our results on correlations between personality, pandemic fear, and related behavior are in line with the existing literature studies, the analyses clearly show that the impact of personality traits, including neuroticism, on pandemic behavior is very small. Rather, pandemic fear has a much larger influence on the safety behavior mediated through neuroticism. Further studies should bear in mind that personality traits can not only have influencing effects but also mediating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Fink
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Bäuerle
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kira Schmidt
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Rheindorf
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Venja Musche
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hannah Dinse
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sheila Moradian
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weismüller
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adam Schweda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Teufel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Skoda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Horspool AM, Russ BP, Wolf MA, Kang J, Blackwood CB, Hall JM, Wong TY, DeJong MA, Bitzer G, Bevere JR, Eggleston R, Stewart A, Costello L, Welch S, Kieffer T, Hodder S, Damron FH. Serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 incidence conducted at a rural West Virginia hospital. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.08.16.21262128. [PMID: 34426815 PMCID: PMC8382132 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.16.21262128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected all types of global communities. Differences in urban and rural environments have led to varying levels of transmission within these subsets of the population. To fully understand the prevalence and impact of SARS-CoV-2 it is critical to survey both types of community. This study establishes the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a rural community: Montgomery, West Virginia. Approximately 10% of participants exhibited serological or PCR-based results indicating exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within 6 months of the sampling date. Quantitative analysis of IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) was used to stratify individuals based on antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. A significant negative correlation between date of exposure and degree of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG (R 2 = 0.9006) was discovered in addition to a correlation between neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (R 2 = 0.8880) and days post exposure. Participants were confirmed to have normal immunogenic profiles by determining serum reactivity B. pertussis antigens commonly used in standardized vaccines. No significant associations were determined between anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG and age or biological sex. Reporting of viral-like illness symptoms was similar in SARS-CoV-2 exposed participants greater than 30 years old (100% reporting symptoms 30-60 years old, 75% reporting symptoms >60 years old) in contrast to participants under 30 years old (25% reporting symptoms). Overall, this axnalysis of a rural population provides important information about the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in small rural communities. The study also underscores the fact that prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in antibody responses that wane over time which highlights the need for vaccine mediated protection in the absence of lasting protection.
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Nigg C, Oriwol D, Wunsch K, Burchartz A, Kolb S, Worth A, Woll A, Niessner C. Population density predicts youth's physical activity changes during Covid-19 - Results from the MoMo study. Health Place 2021; 70:102619. [PMID: 34233210 PMCID: PMC9190022 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Children in Germany showed positive physical activity changes during the first Covid-19 lockdown in April 2020, but it is unclear how the changes relate to population density, which we investigated in a longitudinal sample of 1711 youth (4–17 years). For each ten citizens more per km2, less positive physical activity changes were observed. For example, a child living in an area with 100 citizens/km2 increased daily life physical activity by 44.50 min/day, whereas a child living in an area with 3000 citizens/km2 only engaged in an additional 9.70 min/day. Policymakers should ensure that youth in densely populated areas have access to physical activity opportunities during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Doris Oriwol
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Movement and Sport, University of Education Karlsruhe, Bismarckstraße 10, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Simon Kolb
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Annette Worth
- Institute of Movement and Sport, University of Education Karlsruhe, Bismarckstraße 10, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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33
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Zhang SX, Huang H, Li J, Antonelli-Ponti M, de Paiva SF, da Silva JA. Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Brazil during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7026. [PMID: 34209311 PMCID: PMC8297012 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil is extremely severe, and Brazil has the third-highest number of cases in the world. The goal of the study is to identify the prevalence rates and several predictors of depression and anxiety in Brazil during the initial outbreak of COVID-19. We surveyed 482 adults in 23 Brazilian states online on 9-22 May 2020, and found that 70.3% of the adults (n = 339) had depressive symptoms and 67.2% (n = 320) had anxiety symptoms. The results of multi-class logistic regression models revealed that females, younger adults, and those with fewer children had a higher likelihood of depression and anxiety symptoms; adults who worked as employees were more likely to have anxiety symptoms than those who were self-employed or unemployed; adults who spent more time browsing COVID-19 information online were more likely to have depression and anxiety symptoms. Our results provide preliminary evidence and early warning for psychiatrists and healthcare organizations to better identify and focus on the more vulnerable sub-populations in Brazil during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X. Zhang
- Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Jizhen Li
- Research Center for Competitive Dynamics and Innovation Strategy, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Mayra Antonelli-Ponti
- Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil;
| | - Scheila Farias de Paiva
- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Lagarto 49100-000, Brazil;
- Psychology Graduate Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
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Psychological Effects of Home Confinement and Social Distancing Derived from COVID-19 in the General Population-A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126528. [PMID: 34204403 PMCID: PMC8296481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Home confinement and social distancing are two of the main public health measures to curb the spread of SARS-Cov-2, which can have harmful consequences on people’s mental health. This systematic review aims to identify the best available scientific evidence on the impact that home confinement and social distancing, derived from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, have had on the mental health of the general population in terms of depression, stress and anxiety. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect between 2 January 2021 and 7 January 2021, in accordance with the recommendations of the PRISMA Declaration. The selection of studies and the evaluation of their methodological quality were performed in pairs, independently and blindly, based on predetermined eligibility criteria. (3) Results: The 26 investigations reviewed were developed in different regions and countries. Factors that are associated with poor mental health were female gender, young ages, having no income and suffering from a previous psychiatric illness. Inadequate management of the pandemic by authorities and a lack or excess of information also contributed to worse mental health. (4) Conclusions: There are groups of people more likely to suffer higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress during the restrictive measures derived from COVID-19.
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35
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Akbari M, Spada MM, Nikčević AV, Zamani E. The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and health anxiety among families with COVID-19 infected: The mediating role of metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1354-1366. [PMID: 34110670 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 (FC-19) and health anxiety, among families with COVID-19 infected. Participants were 541 individuals from family members of patients with COVID-19 (F = 52.3%, mean age = 41.3 ± 13.2 years). Data were collected with a packet including sociodemographic and risk factors, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, the Metacognitions Questionnaire 30, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Structural equation modelling analyses revealed a full mediation of metacognitions (i.e., positive beliefs about worry, negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger, cognitive confidence and beliefs about the need to control thoughts), intolerance of uncertainty and expressive suppression in the relation between FC-19 and health anxiety. Moreover, the strongest indirect links were found between FC-19 and health anxiety through negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger and intolerance of uncertainty. These associations were independent of gender and risk status. The final model accounted for 71% of the variance of health anxiety. These findings suggest that particularly metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty and expressive suppression play a full mediational role in the relation between FC-19 and health anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Akbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcantonio M Spada
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Ana V Nikčević
- Department of Psychology, School of Law, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Elahe Zamani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Parlapani E, Holeva V, Nikopoulou VA, Kaprinis S, Nouskas I, Diakogiannis I. A review on the COVID-19-related psychological impact on older adults: vulnerable or not? Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1729-1743. [PMID: 33999378 PMCID: PMC8127443 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a novel event of the twenty-first century. Therefore, contemporary research is required to determine the current pandemic's psychological impact on older populations. Soon after the COVID-19 outbreak, several narrative reviews and guidelines were released to support older adult's psychological wellbeing. However, a lack of data from original studies was reported until May 2020. AIM To identify studies published from May 2020 until January 2021 that quantitatively assessed the mental health impact of COVID-19 on older adults using validated psychometric tools. METHOD A comprehensive literature search of original research articles was conducted using specific terms. The screening procedure was conducted stepwise. RESULTS Among the 18 included studies, cross-sectional online surveys indicated that older adults were less psychologically distressed than younger ones. A longitudinal study revealed that COVID-19 did not have a major impact on loneliness and satisfaction with life. On the contrary, studies comparing pre- with peri-pandemic data revealed that older adults experienced more severe depressive/anxiety/stress symptoms and loneliness during the pandemic. Several studies reported though only subclinical symptoms, as well as low loneliness levels during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Research studies suggested that older age may buffer against the COVID-19-related impact on mental health. Despite evidence against generalised perceptions of vulnerability, older adults' ability to adapt to adversity may be uneven, depending on cultural, social, economic and other individual factors. Taken together, the impact, moreover the long-term impact of COVID-19, is expected to vary across countries and older subpopulations, and remains to be evaluated by prospective, longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Parlapani
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "Papageorgiou", Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Holeva
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "Papageorgiou", Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Aliki Nikopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "Papageorgiou", Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios Kaprinis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Diakogiannis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "Papageorgiou", Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603, Thessaloniki, Greece
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: Evidence from Cyprus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083868. [PMID: 33917065 PMCID: PMC8067725 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine mental health effects of the first wave of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-19) in Cyprus. Accordingly, 388 individuals aged 18–65+ responded to the Components of Mental Health Questionnaire that was distributed via social media for two weeks assessing how emotional distress, support and interest in self and others, lifestyle changes, engagement in protective measures, and avoidant behaviors were related to participants’ gender, age, and place of residency. Additionally, we measured the level of concern of individuals during and after the first wave outbreak of the pandemic. The results suggest that (a) females experience higher levels of anxiety, stress, fear, worry, and despair than males and are more likely to undertake protective measures, (b) older individuals and those who live in urban areas perceive greater social support and interest in the emotional experience of significant others, (c) emotional distress and support and interest in self and others are associated with all other variables, indicating the importance of these constructs to the experience of a pandemic, and (d) there was a decrease in participants’ concern after the end of the first wave of the pandemic. Mental health professionals could find this information useful when developing and implementing prevention programs that aim to offer psychological support during this stressful period.
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Wang C, Chudzicka-Czupała A, Tee ML, Núñez ML, Tripp C, Fardin MA, Habib HA, Tran BX, Adamus K, Anlacan J, García MEA, Grabowski D, Hussain S, Hoang MT, Hetnał M, Le XT, Ma W, Pham HQ, Reyes PWC, Shirazi M, Tan Y, Tee CA, Xu L, Xu Z, Vu GT, Zhou D, Chan NA, Kuruchittham V, McIntyre RS, Ho CSH, Ho R, Sears SF. A chain mediation model on COVID-19 symptoms and mental health outcomes in Americans, Asians and Europeans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6481. [PMID: 33742072 PMCID: PMC7979938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, impacting the lifestyles, economy, physical and mental health of individuals globally. This study aimed to test the model triggered by physical symptoms resembling COVID-19 infection, in which the need for health information and perceived impact of the pandemic mediated the path sequentially, leading to adverse mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional research design with chain mediation model involving 4612 participants from participating 8 countries selected via a respondent-driven sampling strategy was used. Participants completed online questionnaires on physical symptoms, the need for health information, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results showed that Poland and the Philippines were the two countries with the highest levels of anxiety, depression and stress; conversely, Vietnam had the lowest mean scores in these areas. Chain mediation model showed the need for health information, and the perceived impact of the pandemic were sequential mediators between physical symptoms resembling COVID-19 infection (predictor) and consequent mental health status (outcome). Excessive and contradictory health information might increase the perceived impact of the pandemic. Rapid COVID-19 testing should be implemented to minimize the psychological burden associated with physical symptoms, whilst public mental health interventions could target adverse mental outcomes associated with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyan Wang
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Agata Chudzicka-Czupała
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michael L. Tee
- grid.11159.3d0000 0000 9650 2179University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - María Inmaculada López Núñez
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Social, Work and Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Connor Tripp
- grid.255364.30000 0001 2191 0423Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
| | - Mohammad A. Fardin
- Department of Psychology, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hina A. Habib
- grid.266518.e0000 0001 0219 3705Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bach X. Tran
- grid.56046.310000 0004 0642 8489Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Katarzyna Adamus
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joseph Anlacan
- grid.11159.3d0000 0000 9650 2179University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marta E. Aparicio García
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Social, Work and Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damian Grabowski
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Men T. Hoang
- grid.444918.40000 0004 1794 7022Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Mateusz Hetnał
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | - Xuan T. Le
- grid.56046.310000 0004 0642 8489Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wenfang Ma
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Hai Q. Pham
- grid.444918.40000 0004 1794 7022Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Patrick Wincy C. Reyes
- grid.11159.3d0000 0000 9650 2179University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mahmoud Shirazi
- grid.412796.f0000 0004 0612 766XDepartment of Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Yilin Tan
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Cherica A. Tee
- grid.11159.3d0000 0000 9650 2179University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Linkang Xu
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Ziqi Xu
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Giang T. Vu
- grid.473736.20000 0004 4659 3737Center of Excellence in Evidence-Based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danqing Zhou
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Natalie A. Chan
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Vipat Kuruchittham
- Southeast Asia One Health University Network (SEAOHUN), Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel F. Sears
- grid.255364.30000 0001 2191 0423Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
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COVID-19 Pandemic and Helsinki University Hospital Personnel Psychological Well-Being: Six-Month Follow-Up Results. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052524. [PMID: 33806283 PMCID: PMC7967532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unequally distributed extra workload to hospital personnel and first reports have indicated that especially front-line health care personnel are psychologically challenged. A majority of the Finnish COVID-19 patients are cared for in the Helsinki University Hospital district. The psychological distress of the Helsinki University Hospital personnel has been followed via an electronic survey monthly since June 2020. We report six-month follow-up results of a prospective 18-month cohort study. Individual variation explained much more of the total variance in psychological distress (68.5%, 95% CI 65.2-71.9%) and negative changes in sleep (75.6%, 95% CI 72.2-79.2%) than the study survey wave (1.6%, CI 0.5-5.5%; and 0.3%, CI 0.1-1.2%). Regional COVID-19 incidence rates correlated with the personnel's psychological distress. In adjusted multilevel generalized linear multiple regression models, potentially traumatic COVID-19 pandemic-related events (OR 6.54, 95% CI 5.00-8.56) and front-line COVID-19 work (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.37-2.39) was associated with personnel psychological distress but age and gender was not. While vaccinations have been initiated, creating hope, continuous follow-up and psychosocial support is still needed for all hospital personnel.
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Mental Health Burden of German Cancer Patients before and after the Outbreak of COVID-19: Predictors of Mental Health Impairment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052318. [PMID: 33652949 PMCID: PMC7967708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze individual changes in cancer patients’ mental health before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, and to explore predictors of mental health impairment. Over a two-week period (16–30 March 2020), 150 cancer patients in Germany participated in this study. Validated instruments assessed demographic and medical data, depression and anxiety symptoms (PHQ-2, GAD-2), distress (DT), and health status (EQ-5D-3L). All instruments were adapted to measure the individual mental health before the COVID-19 outbreak. COVID-19-related fear, trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19, and the subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 were measured. Cancer patients showed a significant increase in depression and anxiety symptoms and distress, while health status deteriorated since the COVID-19 outbreak. Increased depression and generalized anxiety symptoms were predicted by COVID-19-related fear. Trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19 and COVID-19-related fear predicted increases in distress. Higher subjective levels of information predicted less increasing anxiety symptoms and distress. Present data suggests that cancer patients experienced a significant increase in mental health burden since the COVID-19 outbreak. Observed predictors of mental health impairment and protective factors should be addressed, and appropriate interventions established, to maintain mental health of cancer patients during the pandemic.
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Weismüller B, Schweda A, Dörrie N, Musche V, Fink M, Kohler H, Skoda EM, Teufel M, Bäuerle A. Different Correlates of COVID-19-Related Adherent and Dysfunctional Safety Behavior. Front Public Health 2021; 8:625664. [PMID: 33520924 PMCID: PMC7838460 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.625664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Safety behaviors are key elements in reducing the spread of the COVID-19 virus, but have also assumed excessive proportions in form of panic buying groceries. This raises the question whether these behaviors are independent or related to each other. Adherent safety behavior including increased hygiene and physical distancing appears inherently adherent and prosocial, while dysfunctional safety behavior such as panic buying most probably emerges from other motives and contextual variables. Methods: Data from 15,308 participants collected from March 10 to May 4, 2020, during the COVID-19 acute period in Germany, was analyzed to assess whether adherent and dysfunctional safety behavior are predicted by the same or divergent variables. Two multiple regression models are presented including various sociodemographic, trait, attitudinal, and COVID-19-specific variables as predictors. Results: Some variables similarly predict both, adherent and dysfunctional safety behavior. Yet, adherent safety behavior is stronger predicted by COVID-19-related fear than generalized anxiety, while a trend toward a reverse pattern emerged for dysfunctional safety behavior. Adherent safety behavior was also related to higher trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19, subjective level of information, as well as use of public media and TV to remain informed on COVID-19. Higher age was related to dysfunctional, but not adherent safety behavior. Respondents living in rural communities report more adherent safety behavior than urban dwellers. Discussion: Divergent psychological variables underlie adherent and dysfunctional safety behavior. This hints toward a theoretical separation with practical relevance in behavioral engineering and public health campaigning.
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