1
|
Hernandez‐Pena L, Koch J, Bilek E, Schräder J, Meyer‐Lindenberg A, Waller R, Habel U, Sijben R, Wagels L. Neural correlates of static and dynamic social decision-making in real-time sibling interactions. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26788. [PMID: 39031478 PMCID: PMC11258888 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In traditional game theory tasks, social decision-making is centered on the prediction of the intentions (i.e., mentalizing) of strangers or manipulated responses. In contrast, real-life scenarios often involve familiar individuals in dynamic environments. Further research is needed to explore neural correlates of social decision-making with changes in the available information and environmental settings. This study collected fMRI hyperscanning data (N = 100, 46 same-sex pairs were analyzed) to investigate sibling pairs engaging in an iterated Chicken Game task within a competitive context, including two decision-making phases. In the static phase, participants chose between turning (cooperate) and continuing (defect) in a fixed time window. Participants could estimate the probability of different events based on their priors (previous outcomes and representation of other's intentions) and report their decision plan. The dynamic phase mirrored real-world interactions in which information is continuously changing (replicated within a virtual environment). Individuals had to simultaneously update their beliefs, monitor the actions of the other, and adjust their decisions. Our findings revealed substantial choice consistency between the two phases and evidence for shared neural correlates in mentalizing-related brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and precuneus. Specific neural correlates were associated with each phase; increased activation of areas associated with action planning and outcome evaluation were found in the static compared with the dynamic phase. Using the opposite contrast, dynamic decision-making showed higher activation in regions related to predicting and monitoring other's actions, including the anterior cingulate cortex and insula. Cooperation (turning), compared with defection (continuing), showed increased activation in mentalizing-related regions only in the static phase, while defection, relative to cooperation, exhibited higher activation in areas associated with conflict monitoring and risk processing in the dynamic phase. Men were less cooperative and had greater TPJ activation. Sibling competitive relationship did not predict competitive behavior but showed a tendency to predict brain activity during dynamic decision-making. Only individual brain activation results are included here, and no interbrain analyses are reported. These neural correlates emphasize the significance of considering varying levels of information available and environmental settings when delving into the intricacies of mentalizing during social decision-making among familiar individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Hernandez‐Pena
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
| | - Julia Koch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
| | - Edda Bilek
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Julia Schräder
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
| | - Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineJARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Rik Sijben
- Brain Imaging Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF)RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Lisa Wagels
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guérette J, Blais C, Fiset D. Verbal Aggressions Against Major League Baseball Umpires Affect Their Decision Making. Psychol Sci 2024; 35:288-303. [PMID: 38376897 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241227411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessively criticizing a perceived unfair decision is considered to be common behavior among people seeking to restore fairness. However, the effectiveness of this strategy remains unclear. Using an ecological environment where excessive criticism is rampant-Major League Baseball-we assess the impact of verbal aggression on subsequent home-plate umpire decision making during the 2010 to 2019 seasons (N = 153,255 pitches). Results suggest a two-sided benefit of resorting to verbal abuse. After being excessively criticized, home-plate umpires (N = 110 adults, employed in the United States) were less likely to call strikes to batters from the complaining team and more prone to call strikes to batters on the opposing team. A series of additional analyses lead us to reject an alternative hypothesis, namely that umpires, after ejecting the aggressor, seek to compensate for the negative consequences brought on by the loss of a teammate. Rather, our findings support the hypothesis that, under certain conditions, verbal aggression may offer an advantage to complainants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joël Guérette
- Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais
- École interdisciplinaire de la santé, Université du Québec en Outaouais
| | - Caroline Blais
- Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais
| | - Daniel Fiset
- Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hurel E, Grall-Bronnec M, Challet-Bouju G. Online Assessment of Social Cognition in a Population of Gamers and Gamblers: Results of the eSMILE Study. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:1611-1633. [PMID: 37742231 PMCID: PMC10627996 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the eSMILE study was to explore social cognition (SC) in the two behavioural addictions (BAs) included in international classifications: gaming disorder and gambling disorder. In these disorders, cognitive functioning is involved in the development and maintenance of addiction. Nevertheless, SC have received less attention than other cognitive functions. The eSMILE study was conducted online and included 105 participants (gamers and gamblers). This study included: the Penn emotion recognition task, the Condensed and Revised Multifaced Empathy Test, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Chicken Game, social metacognition questions, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. We analysed the relationships among SC measures, addiction levels, and behaviour frequency. For gamers, we showed that the higher their level of addiction was, the lower their self-confidence following the identification of basic emotions, although the more frequently they played, the better their performance on this task. Additionally, we found lower performance on the identification of more complex emotions by gamblers, which seems to be the result of their levels of addiction rather than the frequency of their gambling behaviour. This study contributes to our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying BAs. Additionally, working on SC abilities may be an additional management mode for BAs that could be added to existing treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Hurel
- CHU de Nantes, UIC Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.
- Univ Tours, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patient Centered Outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, SPHERE, Nantes Université, 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- CHU de Nantes, UIC Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
- Univ Tours, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patient Centered Outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, SPHERE, Nantes Université, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Gaëlle Challet-Bouju
- CHU de Nantes, UIC Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
- Univ Tours, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patient Centered Outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, SPHERE, Nantes Université, 44000, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharp C, Venta A, McLaren V. Interpersonal Trust in Adolescents With Borderline Personality Disorder: Comparisons With Healthy and Psychiatric Controls. J Pers Disord 2023; 37:475-489. [PMID: 37903026 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to utilize a well-known trust versus lottery paradigm to evaluate interpersonal trust in adolescents with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The study included 126 healthy controls, 59 inpatient adolescents with a diagnosis of BPD, and 137 inpatient adolescents without BPD. Alongside diagnostic measures, a questionnaire-based measure for assessing trust beliefs was administered to probe group differences in trust beliefs and associations between game behavior and trust beliefs. No main effect for group or condition was found. A significant interaction of trial and group was noted, suggesting that across games, psychiatric controls demonstrated the steepest increase in trust over time, followed by the BPD and healthy control groups. Healthy controls evidenced significantly higher levels of trust beliefs compared to BPD and psychiatric controls. Reasons for nonreplication of previously demonstrated anomalous game behavior in adults in this adolescent sample are discussed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Carlton CN, Antezana L, Richey JA. Associations between resting-state neural connectivity and positive affect in social anxiety disorder. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3006. [PMID: 37062915 PMCID: PMC10275543 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been characterized by deficits in social motivation and lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli (i.e., positive affect; [PA]). Recent neuroimaging work has shifted toward examining positively valenced motivational systems in SAD focused on reward responses. However, little is known about the associations of reward connectivity and PA in individuals with SAD. As such, the purpose of the current study was to determine whether connectivity among key units of reward neurocircuitry meaningfully relate to PA and whether these key units are more heterogeneous in SAD as compared to controls. METHODS Thirty-one participants who met diagnostic criteria for SAD and 33 control participants were included (Mage = 24.8, SD = 6.9; 55% cisgender man). Seed-based timeseries correlations were conducted in NiTime to extract region of interest (ROI) coupling correlation strength values. ANOVAs were carried out to assess whether individuals with SAD differed in ROI-to-ROI connectivity strength as compared to controls. Correlations and variance analyses were also conducted to examine the relationship between ROI-to-ROI connectivity strength and PA, as well as heterogeneity in connectivity strength and PA expression. RESULTS Weaker connectivity between the left and right orbital frontal cortex was observed when comparing the SAD to the control group. Within the SAD group, PA was associated with several reward-related ROI couplings; however, these links were not observed among controls. Results further demonstrated that individuals with SAD had significantly more variability in reward connectivity strength as compared to controls. CONCLUSION Overall, these results provide emergent evidence for the association between reward regions and PA in individuals with SAD. Additionally, these findings show that individuals with SAD demonstrate greater heterogeneity in reward connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John A. Richey
- Department of PsychologyVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginia
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Typical diet and type of economy do not predict food-sharing behaviors in three Tanzanian societies. Appetite 2023; 182:106414. [PMID: 36503008 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Food sharing behavior is a widely observed phenomenon, and it draws attention of scholars interested in finding both proximate and ultimate explanations of such practices. In the current study, we focused on possible socio-economic and environmental food-sharing predictors: type of economy (i.e., immediate-return vs. delayed-return) and typical diet composition (i.e., proportion of proteins and carbohydrates in typical daily caloric intake). We investigated whether members of three societies from Tanzania (N = 177), namely hunter-gatherers (Hadza), pastoralists (Datoga), and agriculturalists (Iraqw) differ with regard to food-sharing patterns in the Dictator Game and reactions to violations of the food-sharing norms in the Ultimatum Game. We found that neither the type of economy nor the typical diet influenced our outcomes. The results indicated, however, that food sharing behavior was positively predicted by certain individual-level characteristics: people of higher strength and lower body fat shared more food, and women were more willing to share food than men.
Collapse
|
7
|
Coccia G, La Greca F, Di Luca M, Scheggia D. Dissecting social decision-making: A spotlight on oxytocinergic transmission. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1061934. [PMID: 36618824 PMCID: PMC9813388 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1061934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Social decision-making requires the ability to balance both the interests of the self and the interests of others to survive in social environments. Empathy is essential to the regulation of this type of interaction, and it often sustains relevant prosocial behaviors such as altruism and helping behavior. In the last decade, our capacity to assess affective and empathy-like behaviors in rodents has expanded our understanding of the neurobiological substrates that underly social decision-making processes such as prosocial behaviors. Within this context, oxytocinergic transmission is profoundly implicated in modulating some of the major components of social decision-making. Thus, this review will present evidence of the association between oxytocin and empathy-like and prosocial behaviors in nonhuman animals. Then, we will dissect the involvement of oxytocinergic transmission-across different brain regions and pathways-in some of the key elements of social decision-making such as emotional discrimination, social recognition, emotional contagion, social dominance, and social memory. Evidence of the modulatory role of oxytocin on social decision-making has raised considerable interest in its clinical relevance, therefore we will also discuss the controversial findings on intranasal oxytocin administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diego Scheggia
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Z. Functionally similar yet distinct neural mechanisms underlie different choice behaviors: ALE meta-analyses of decision-making under risk in adolescents and adults. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2022.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
9
|
Reciprocal cortico-amygdala connections regulate prosocial and selfish choices in mice. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1505-1518. [PMID: 36280797 PMCID: PMC7613781 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Decisions that favor one's own interest versus the interest of another individual depend on context and the relationships between individuals. The neurobiology underlying selfish choices or choices that benefit others is not understood. We developed a two-choice social decision-making task in which mice can decide whether to share a reward with their conspecifics. Preference for altruistic choices was modulated by familiarity, sex, social contact, hunger, hierarchical status and emotional state matching. Fiber photometry recordings and chemogenetic manipulations demonstrated that basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons are involved in the establishment of prosocial decisions. In particular, BLA neurons projecting to the prelimbic (PL) region of the prefrontal cortex mediated the development of a preference for altruistic choices, whereas PL projections to the BLA modulated self-interest motives for decision-making. This provides a neurobiological model of altruistic and selfish choices with relevance to pathologies associated with dysfunctions in social decision-making.
Collapse
|
10
|
Šola HM, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Rončević I. The impact of bio-label on the decision-making behavior. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1002521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike traditional research methods used for investigating consumer responses to different stimuli such as surveys, interviews or focus groups, recently, the autonomic neuropsychological measures have been implemented within the neuromarketing field to obtain subconscious preferences from the consumer's brain. In the current study, the webcam-based eye-tracking technology is used to analyze both visual and emotional reflects of the consumer green purchasing behavior, which has grown notably in the last decade. The main interest was to assess whether the color packaging affects the BIO label and if such a label is essential for consumers' purchasing behavior. The packaging designs of the two well-known products from one of Croatia's most prominent food processing companies were manipulated in packaging color and the BIO label placement. The results have shown that regardless of the package design and the placement of the BIO label, participants elicited higher intensities of negative emotion. The eye-tracking metrics showed that for both products the color of the packaging and the BIO label placement matter.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hope for the best when the result is uncertain: high uncertainty induces greater SPN amplitudes than low uncertainty. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
12
|
Murphy DAJ, Xie J, Harmer CJ, Browning M, Pulcu E. Dynamic modulation of inequality aversion in human interpersonal negotiations. Commun Biol 2022; 5:359. [PMID: 35422086 PMCID: PMC9010408 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Negotiating with others about how finite resources should be distributed is an important aspect of human social life. However, little is known about mechanisms underlying human social-interactive decision-making in gradually evolving environments. Here, we report results from an iterative Ultimatum Game (UG), in which the proposer’s facial emotions and offer amounts were sampled probabilistically based on the participant’s decisions. Our model-free results confirm the prediction that both the proposer’s facial emotions and the offer amount should influence acceptance rates. Model-based analyses extend these findings, indicating that participants’ decisions in the UG are guided by aversion to inequality. We highlight that the proposer’s facial affective reactions to participant decisions dynamically modulate how human decision-makers perceive self–other inequality, relaxing its otherwise negative influence on decision values. This cognitive model underlies how offers initially rejected can gradually become more acceptable under increasing affective load (predictive accuracy ~86%). Furthermore, modelling human choice behaviour isolated the role of the central arousal systems, assessed by measuring pupil size. We demonstrate that pupil-linked central arousal systems selectively encode a key component of subjective decision values: the magnitude of self–other inequality. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, under affective influence, aversion to inequality is a malleable cognitive process. The effect of a proposer’s facial emotions on a receiver’s likelihood to accept offers in an iterative Ultimatum Game is unknown. Here, modelling participant behaviour demonstrates that facial emotions dynamically tune participants’ inequality aversion.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Li C, Jiang L. Well-Being Is Associated With Local to Remote Cortical Connectivity. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:737121. [PMID: 35368310 PMCID: PMC8967134 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.737121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wellbeing refers to cognitive and emotional appraisal of an individual’s life and social functioning, which is of great significance to the quality of life of an individual and society. Previous studies have revealed the neural basis of wellbeing, which mostly focused on human brain morphology or network-level connectivity. However, local-to-remote cortical connectivity, which plays a crucial role in defining the human brain architecture, has not been investigated in wellbeing. To examine whether wellbeing was associated with local-to-remote cortical connectivity, we acquired resting-state images from 60 healthy participants and employed the Mental Health Continuum Short Form to measure wellbeing, including three dimensions, namely, emotional wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing. Functional homogeneity (ReHo) and seed-based functional connectivity were used to evaluate local-to-remote cortical connectivity in these participants. For local connectivity, our results showed that ReHo in the right orbitofrontal sulcus was significantly positively correlated with psychological wellbeing but negatively correlated with social wellbeing. For remote connectivity, connectivity within the right orbitofrontal cortex and interhemispheric connectivity of the orbitofrontal sulcus were both positively associated with psychological wellbeing; functional connectivity between the right orbitofrontal sulcus and the left postcentral sulcus was positively associated with social wellbeing. Our results showed that wellbeing was indeed associated with local-to-remote cortical connectivity, and our findings supplied a new perspective of distance-related neural mechanisms of wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Demuru E, Clay Z, Norscia I. What makes us apes? The emotional building blocks of intersubjectivity in hominids. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2044390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Demuru
- Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage, CNRS UMR 5596, University of Lyon 2, Lyon, France
- Équipe de Neuro-éthologie Sensorielle, ENES/CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, Inserm UMR S 1028, University of Lyon/Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Zanna Clay
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ivan Norscia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10123, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beyond lottery-evoked ambiguity aversion: the neural signature of the types and the sources of uncertainty. Neuroimage 2022; 251:119007. [PMID: 35182750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on decision-making under uncertainty have mainly focused on understanding preferences for either risk or ambiguity using standard lottery designs. However, people often face uncertainty that directly stems from interacting with other people, which may be processed differently from lottery-based uncertainty. Here, we substantially extend the investigation of uncertainty by examining a fourfold pattern of the sources and the types of uncertainty, assessing behavioral and neural responses to both risk and ambiguity across both social and non-social contexts. A key element in our research design was to control for participants' naturally occurring social beliefs, and taking these a priori beliefs into account allow us to elicit individual preferences in accordance with economic approaches that stress the dynamics of ambiguity preference as a function of underlying likelihoods. Using this design, we find a behavioral main effect of ambiguity aversion, with increasing ambiguity aversion as a function of higher beliefs regarding the likelihood of reciprocity, and related neural activity in the right IPS. This brain region was primarily involved when participants experienced lottery-based uncertainty as opposed to social uncertainty. However, we found that the right IFG was more involved when participants made decisions under social, as compared to non-social, uncertainty. Overall, therefore, the IPS may activate an analytic mindset, which might resonate more with a lottery than a social context, whereas the IFG is engaged when the context requires players to resolve uncertainty, such as unravelling the intentions behind the choice of another person.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Y, Lu X, Li Y, Zeng L, Yu P, Luo J, Ye H, Zheng W. The Role of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Public Good and Public Bad Games: Evidence From a tDCS Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:666002. [PMID: 34489654 PMCID: PMC8416764 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.666002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although humans constitute an exceptionally cooperative species that is able to collaborate on large scales for common benefits, cooperation remains a longstanding puzzle in biological and social science. Moreover, cooperation is not always related to resource allocation and gains but is often related to losses. Revealing the neurological mechanisms and brain regions related to cooperation is important for reinforcing cooperation-related gains and losses. Recent neuroscience studies have found that the decision-making process of cooperation is involved in the function of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the causal role of the VMPFC in cooperative behavior concerning gains and losses through the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We integrated cooperation-related gains and losses into a unified paradigm. Based on the paradigm, we researched cooperation behaviors regarding gains in standard public good games and introduced public bad games to investigate cooperative behavior regarding losses. Our study revealed that the VMPFC plays different roles concerning gains and losses in situations requiring cooperation. Anodal stimulation over the VMPFC decreased cooperative behavior in public bad games, whereas stimulation over the VMPFC did not change cooperative behavior in public good games. Moreover, participants’ beliefs about others’ cooperation were changed in public bad games but not in public good games. Finally, participants’ cooperative attitudes were not influenced in the public good or public bad games under the three stimulation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyou Chen
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China.,School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinbo Lu
- School of Economics, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China.,School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Zeng
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China.,School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China.,School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China.,School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Ye
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China.,School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanjun Zheng
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China.,School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Neuroimaging Techniques in Advertising Research: Main Applications, Development, and Brain Regions and Processes. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advancement in neuroimaging tools, studies about using neuroimaging tools to study the impact of advertising on brain regions and processes are scant and remain unclear in academic literature. In this article, we have followed a literature review methodology and a bibliometric analysis to select empirical and review papers that employed neuroimaging tools in advertising campaigns and to understand the global research trends in the neuromarketing domain. We extracted and analyzed sixty-three articles from the Web of Science database to answer our study questions. We found four common neuroimaging techniques employed in advertising research. We also found that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex play a vital role in decision-making processes. The OFC is linked to positive valence, and the lateral OFC and left dorsal anterior insula related in negative valence. In addition, the thalamus and primary visual area associated with the bottom-up attention system, whereas the top-down attention system connected to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and primary visual areas. For memory, the hippocampus is responsible for generating and processing memories. We hope that this study provides valuable insights about the main brain regions and processes of interest for advertising.
Collapse
|
18
|
Beccacece L, Abondio P, Cilli E, Restani D, Luiselli D. Human Genomics and the Biocultural Origin of Music. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5397. [PMID: 34065521 PMCID: PMC8160972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Music is an exclusive feature of humankind. It can be considered as a form of universal communication, only partly comparable to the vocalizations of songbirds. Many trends of research in this field try to address music origins, as well as the genetic bases of musicality. On one hand, several hypotheses have been made on the evolution of music and its role, but there is still debate, and comparative studies suggest a gradual evolution of some abilities underlying musicality in primates. On the other hand, genome-wide studies highlight several genes associated with musical aptitude, confirming a genetic basis for different musical skills which humans show. Moreover, some genes associated with musicality are involved also in singing and song learning in songbirds, suggesting a likely evolutionary convergence between humans and songbirds. This comprehensive review aims at presenting the concept of music as a sociocultural manifestation within the current debate about its biocultural origin and evolutionary function, in the context of the most recent discoveries related to the cross-species genetics of musical production and perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paolo Abondio
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Cilli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna—Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (E.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Donatella Restani
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna—Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (E.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna—Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (E.C.); (D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhen S, Yu R. Neural correlates of recursive thinking during interpersonal strategic interactions. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2128-2146. [PMID: 33512053 PMCID: PMC8046141 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To navigate the complex social world, individuals need to represent others' mental states to think strategically and predict their next move. Strategic mentalizing can be classified into different levels of theory of mind according to its order of mental state attribution of other people's beliefs, desires, intentions, and so forth. For example, reasoning people's beliefs about simple world facts is the first-order attribution while going further to reason people's beliefs about the minds of others is the second-order attribution. The neural substrates that support such high-order recursive reasoning in strategic interpersonal interactions are still unclear. Here, using a sequential-move interactional game together with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we showed that recursive reasoning engaged the frontal-subcortical regions. At the stimulus stage, the ventral striatum was more activated in high-order reasoning as compared with low-order reasoning. At the decision stage, high-order reasoning activated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and other mentalizing regions. Moreover, functional connectivity between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the insula/hippocampus was positively correlated with individual differences in high-order social reasoning. This work delineates the neural correlates of high-order recursive thinking in strategic games and highlights the key role of the interplay between mPFC and subcortical regions in advanced social decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhen
- Department of PsychologyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, School of BusinessHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social SciencesHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina
- Department of Physics, Faculty of ScienceHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thompson K, Nahmias E, Fani N, Kvaran T, Turner J, Tone E. The Prisoner's Dilemma paradigm provides a neurobiological framework for the social decision cascade. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248006. [PMID: 33735226 PMCID: PMC7971531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To function during social interactions, we must be able to consider and coordinate our actions with other people's perspectives. This process unfolds from decision-making, to anticipation of that decision's consequences, to feedback about those consequences, in what can be described as a "cascade" of three phases. The iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (iPD) task, an economic-exchange game used to illustrate how people achieve stable cooperation over repeated interactions, provides a framework for examining this "social decision cascade". In the present study, we examined neural activity associated with the three phases of the cascade, which can be isolated during iPD game rounds. While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 31 adult participants made a) decisions about whether to cooperate with a co-player for a monetary reward, b) anticipated the co-player's decision, and then c) learned the co-player's decision. Across all three phases, participants recruited the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), regions implicated in numerous facets of social reasoning such as perspective-taking and the judgement of intentions. Additionally, a common distributed neural network underlies both decision-making and feedback appraisal; however, differences were identified in the magnitude of recruitment between both phases. Furthermore, there was limited evidence that anticipation following the decision to defect evoked a neural signature that is distinct from the signature of anticipation following the decision to cooperate. This study is the first to delineate the neural substrates of the entire social decision cascade in the context of the iPD game.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eddy Nahmias
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Trevor Kvaran
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Erin Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Haux LM, Engelmann JM, Herrmann E, Hertwig R. How chimpanzees decide in the face of social and nonsocial uncertainty. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
22
|
De Petrillo F, Rosati AG. Variation in primate decision-making under uncertainty and the roots of human economic behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20190671. [PMID: 33423637 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncertainty is a ubiquitous component of human economic behaviour, yet people can vary in their preferences for risk across populations, individuals and different points in time. As uncertainty also characterizes many aspects of animal decision-making, comparative research can help evaluate different potential mechanisms that generate this variation, including the role of biological differences or maturational change versus cultural learning, as well as identify human-unique components of economic decision-making. Here, we examine decision-making under risk across non-human primates, our closest relatives. We first review theoretical approaches and current methods for understanding decision-making in animals. We then assess the current evidence for variation in animal preferences between species and populations, between individuals based on personality, sex and age, and finally, between different contexts and individual states. We then use these primate data to evaluate the processes that can shape human decision-making strategies and identify the primate foundations of human economic behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue 'Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Petrillo
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, Occitanie, France.,Unità di Primatologia Cognitiva e Centro Primati, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Lazio, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra G Rosati
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Weissberger GH, Mosqueda L, Nguyen AL, Axelrod J, Nguyen CP, Boyle PA, Spreng N, Han SD. Functional Connectivity Correlates of Perceived Financial Exploitation in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:583433. [PMID: 33304266 PMCID: PMC7693621 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.583433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Financial exploitation (FE) in old age is devastating and common; however, the neural correlates of FE are poorly understood. Previous studies of FE in older adults have implicated declines in decision making and social cognition as two risk factors for FE in later life. Here we examined whether functional connectivity among brain regions implicated in decision making and social cognition differed for those with an experience of FE vs. those without. Participants included 16 older adults without cognitive impairment who reported FE (Mean age = 70.5, 62.5% female, Mean education = 16.0 years) and 16 demographically and cognitively matched adults who denied a history of FE (Mean age = 65.1, 37.5% female, Mean education = 15.1 years). Measures of whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity in the hippocampus, insula, and medial frontal cortex were derived for each group. Compared to the non-FE group, FE was associated with greater functional connectivity between the right hippocampus and bilateral temporal regions, and less functional connectivity between the right hippocampus and the right cerebellum and bilateral lingual gyri. The FE group showed less connectivity between the right and left insula and cingulate cortex, and between the right insula and regions of the left lateral temporal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Finally, the FE group showed greater functional connectivity between the medial frontal cortex and the right lateral temporal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex, and less functional connectivity with the right pre- and postcentral gyri. Results suggest that perceived FE in old age is associated with whole-brain functional connectivity differences involving the hippocampus, insula, and medial frontal cortex, consistent with models implicating age-associated changes in decision making and social cognition in FE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gali H. Weissberger
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Laura Mosqueda
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, United States
- USC School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Annie L. Nguyen
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, United States
| | - Jenna Axelrod
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, United States
| | - Caroline P. Nguyen
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, United States
| | - Patricia A. Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nathan Spreng
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S. Duke Han
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, United States
- USC School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychology, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Henco L, Brandi ML, Lahnakoski JM, Diaconescu AO, Mathys C, Schilbach L. Bayesian modelling captures inter-individual differences in social belief computations in the putamen and insula. Cortex 2020; 131:221-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Harvey AR. Links Between the Neurobiology of Oxytocin and Human Musicality. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:350. [PMID: 33005139 PMCID: PMC7479205 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human species possesses two complementary, yet distinct, universal communication systems—language and music. Functional imaging studies have revealed that some core elements of these two systems are processed in closely related brain regions, but there are also clear differences in brain circuitry that likely underlie differences in functionality. Music affects many aspects of human behavior, especially in encouraging prosocial interactions and promoting trust and cooperation within groups of culturally compatible but not necessarily genetically related individuals. Music, presumably via its impact on the limbic system, is also rewarding and motivating, and music can facilitate aspects of learning and memory. In this review these special characteristics of music are considered in light of recent research on the neuroscience of the peptide oxytocin, a hormone that has both peripheral and central actions, that plays a role in many complex human behaviors, and whose expression has recently been reported to be affected by music-related activities. I will first briefly discuss what is currently known about the peptide’s physiological actions on neurons and its interactions with other neuromodulator systems, then summarize recent advances in our knowledge of the distribution of oxytocin and its receptor (OXTR) in the human brain. Next, the complex links between oxytocin and various social behaviors in humans are considered. First, how endogenous oxytocin levels relate to individual personality traits, and then how exogenous, intranasal application of oxytocin affects behaviors such as trust, empathy, reciprocity, group conformity, anxiety, and overall social decision making under different environmental conditions. It is argued that many of these characteristics of oxytocin biology closely mirror the diverse effects that music has on human cognition and emotion, providing a link to the important role music has played throughout human evolutionary history and helping to explain why music remains a special prosocial human asset. Finally, it is suggested that there is a potential synergy in combining oxytocin- and music-based strategies to improve general health and aid in the treatment of various neurological dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Paffhausen BH, Fuchs I, Duer A, Hillmer I, Dimitriou IM, Menzel R. Neural Correlates of Social Behavior in Mushroom Body Extrinsic Neurons of the Honeybee Apis mellifera. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:62. [PMID: 32372927 PMCID: PMC7186758 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The social behavior of honeybees (Apis mellifera) has been extensively investigated, but little is known about its neuronal correlates. We developed a method that allowed us to record extracellularly from mushroom body extrinsic neurons (MB ENs) in a freely moving bee within a small but functioning mini colony of approximately 1,000 bees. This study aimed to correlate the neuronal activity of multimodal high-order MB ENs with social behavior in a close to natural setting. The behavior of all bees in the colony was video recorded. The behavior of the recorded animal was compared with other hive mates and no significant differences were found. Changes in the spike rate appeared before, during or after social interactions. The time window of the strongest effect on spike rate changes ranged from 1 s to 2 s before and after the interaction, depending on the individual animal and recorded neuron. The highest spike rates occurred when the experimental animal was situated close to a hive mate. The variance of the spike rates was analyzed as a proxy for high order multi-unit processing. Comparing randomly selected time windows with those in which the recorded animal performed social interactions showed a significantly increased spike rate variance during social interactions. The experimental set-up employed for this study offers a powerful opportunity to correlate neuronal activity with intrinsically motivated behavior of socially interacting animals. We conclude that the recorded MB ENs are potentially involved in initiating and controlling social interactions in honeybees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Randolf Menzel
- Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kong F, Yang K, Sajjad S, Yan W, Li X, Zhao J. Neural correlates of social well-being: gray matter density in the orbitofrontal cortex predicts social well-being in emerging adulthood. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:319-327. [PMID: 30715518 PMCID: PMC6399614 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Social well-being reflects the perception of one’s social functioning, which plays an important role in physical and psychological health. However, the exact neuroanatomical substrate for social well-being remains unclear. To address the issue, we employed the voxel-based morphometry method to probe the neuroanatomical basis of individual variation in social well-being in young healthy adults (n = 136). The results revealed a significant negative association between social well-being and regional gray matter density (rGMD) in an anatomical cluster that mainly includes the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that has been involved in emotion regulation and social cognition. Furthermore, a balanced 4-fold cross-validation using the machine learning approach revealed that rGMD in the left OFC could be reliably related to social well-being. More importantly, the multiple mediation analysis revealed that neuroticism and dispositional forgiveness independently mediated the association between rGMD in the left OFC and social well-being. In addition, all these results remained stable when subjective socioeconomic status was controlled. Together, our results provide the initial evidence that the OFC is a neuroanatomical substrate for social well-being and demonstrate that the OFC is a crucial neural site linking neuroticism and dispositional forgiveness to social well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kairong Yang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sonia Sajjad
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jain FA, Fonagy P. Mentalizing Imagery Therapy: Theory and case series of imagery and mindfulness techniques to understand self and others. Mindfulness (N Y) 2020; 11:153-165. [PMID: 32042350 PMCID: PMC7009316 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-0969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Facilitating mentalization, or the ability to understand mental states and their link to behavior, is increasingly viewed as a common mechanism of action across effective psychotherapies. Here we present an overview of a new set of contemplative psychotherapeutic techniques, Mentalizing Imagery Therapy (MIT), that uses guided imagery and mindfulness practices to facilitate mentalization. MIT aims to reduce negative psychological symptoms by stimulating an understanding of mental states and their links to behavior in self and others, including in challenging interpersonal situations. Case discussions of MIT in personality disordered and depressed patients are used to illustrate theoretical points and the specific practical benefits of MIT. We conclude that there are promising indications that the imagery and mindfulness practices of MIT, that are specifically targeted to facilitate insight in the context of attachment relationship challenges, may help to improve mentalization and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Both in practice and with respect to its articulated goals, MIT promotes a distinct set of capacities from other mindfulness or compassion based therapies. Further research is required to determine the clinical efficacy of MIT in controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A. Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Psychoanalysis Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Flinkenflogel N, Vu TV, van Kesteren MTR, Krabbendam L. Neural Correlates of Self-Construal Priming in the Ultimatum Game. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:994. [PMID: 31616239 PMCID: PMC6769036 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research from cultural and social psychology has identified a central role of self-construal, or the way one views themselves in relation to others, in social cognition. Accordingly, it is plausible that self-construal plays an instrumental role in important aspects of decision-making relating to fairness considerations. Prior research has shown that priming methodology is a useful tool to experimentally isolate the effect of self-construal on social decision-making processes. In the current study we investigated the neural effects of self-construal priming on fairness considerations, using an Ultimatum Game setup (N = 97). Based on previous findings, we predicted an interaction between the self-construal prime and gender on Ultimatum Game behavior; males primed with interdependence would reject the offer relatively more compared to independence, and vice versa for females. As previous neuro-imaging research has established an instrumental role of the anterior insula (AI) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in the rejection of unfair offers, we expected higher rejection rates to be mirrored by increased activity in these regions. However, the analyses did not confirm these predictions. As further inspection of the data revealed a habituation effect, we performed a follow-up analysis on the first block (N = 59). This subsequent analysis revealed that priming interdependence resulted in reduced AI activity compared to priming independence, although no behavioral differences were observed. The difference was theorized to result from motivations as conflict avoidance and harmony maintenance, commonly associated with interdependence. Furthermore, the analysis revealed greater vmPFC activity for females compared to males for rejected offers, although this effect was not robust when controlled for trait self-construal. These follow-up analyses suggest that self-construal priming influences insula activity, as well as implicating an underlying role of trait self-construal in observed gender differences in vmPFC activity relating to fairness considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nic Flinkenflogel
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tuong-Van Vu
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlieke T. R. van Kesteren
- Department of Education Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cherubino P, Martinez-Levy AC, Caratù M, Cartocci G, Di Flumeri G, Modica E, Rossi D, Mancini M, Trettel A. Consumer Behaviour through the Eyes of Neurophysiological Measures: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 2019:1976847. [PMID: 31641346 PMCID: PMC6766676 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1976847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The new technological advances achieved during the last decade allowed the scientific community to investigate and employ neurophysiological measures not only for research purposes but also for the study of human behaviour in real and daily life situations. The aim of this review is to understand how and whether neuroscientific technologies can be effectively employed to better understand the human behaviour in real decision-making contexts. To do so, firstly, we will describe the historical development of neuromarketing and its main applications in assessing the sensory perceptions of some marketing and advertising stimuli. Then, we will describe the main neuroscientific tools available for such kind of investigations (e.g., measuring the cerebral electrical or hemodynamic activity, the eye movements, and the psychometric responses). Also, this review will present different brain measurement techniques, along with their pros and cons, and the main cerebral indexes linked to the specific mental states of interest (used in most of the neuromarketing research). Such indexes have been supported by adequate validations from the scientific community and are largely employed in neuromarketing research. This review will also discuss a series of papers that present different neuromarketing applications, such us in-store choices and retail, services, pricing, brand perception, web usability, neuropolitics, evaluation of the food and wine taste, and aesthetic perception of artworks. Furthermore, this work will face the ethical issues arisen on the use of these tools for the evaluation of the human behaviour during decision-making tasks. In conclusion, the main challenges that neuromarketing is going to face, as well as future directions and possible scenarios that could be derived by the use of neuroscience in the marketing field, will be identified and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cherubino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns Srl, Via Sesto Celere 7/c, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Ana C. Martinez-Levy
- BrainSigns Srl, Via Sesto Celere 7/c, 00152 Rome, Italy
- Department of Communication and Social Research, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria, 113, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Myriam Caratù
- BrainSigns Srl, Via Sesto Celere 7/c, 00152 Rome, Italy
- Department of Communication and Social Research, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria, 113, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cartocci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns Srl, Via Sesto Celere 7/c, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Di Flumeri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns Srl, Via Sesto Celere 7/c, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Modica
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Rossi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mancini
- BrainSigns Srl, Via Sesto Celere 7/c, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tu BX, Wang LF, Zhong XL, Hu ZL, Cao WY, Cui YH, Li SJ, Zou GJ, Liu Y, Zhou SF, Zhang WJ, Su JZ, Yan XX, Li F, Li CQ. Acute restraint stress alters food-foraging behavior in rats: Taking the easier Way while suffered. Brain Res Bull 2019; 149:184-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
32
|
Hamid N, Pretus C, Atran S, Crockett MJ, Ginges J, Sheikh H, Tobeña A, Carmona S, Gómez A, Davis R, Vilarroya O. Neuroimaging 'will to fight' for sacred values: an empirical case study with supporters of an Al Qaeda associate. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181585. [PMID: 31312469 PMCID: PMC6599782 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Violent intergroup conflicts are often motivated by commitments to abstract ideals such as god or nation, so-called 'sacred' values that are insensitive to material trade-offs. There is scant knowledge of how the brain processes costly sacrifices for such cherished causes. We studied willingness to fight and die for sacred values using fMRI in Barcelona, Spain, among supporters of a radical Islamist group. We measured brain activity in radicalized individuals as they indicated their willingness to fight and die for sacred and non-sacred values, and as they reacted to peers' ratings for the same values. We observed diminished activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), inferior frontal gyrus, and parietal cortex while conveying willingness to fight and die for sacred relative to non-sacred values-regions that have previously been implicated in calculating costs and consequences. An overlapping region of the dlPFC was active when viewing conflicting ratings of sacred values from peers, to the extent participants were sensitive to peer influence, suggesting that it is possible to induce flexibility in the way people defend sacred values. Our results cohere with a view that 'devoted actors' motivated by an extreme commitment towards sacred values rely on distinctive neurocognitve processes that can be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafees Hamid
- Artis International, 6424 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 100-498, Scottsdale, AZ 85254, USA
- Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Sq., Kings Cross, London WC1H 9EZ, UK
| | - Clara Pretus
- Artis International, 6424 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 100-498, Scottsdale, AZ 85254, USA
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Scott Atran
- Artis International, 6424 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 100-498, Scottsdale, AZ 85254, USA
- The Changing Character of War Centre, Pembroke College, University of Oxford, St. Aldates, Oxford OX1 1DW, UK
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jean Nicod – Ecole Normale Supérieure, 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
- Gerald Ford School of Public Policy and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Molly J. Crockett
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jeremy Ginges
- Artis International, 6424 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 100-498, Scottsdale, AZ 85254, USA
- Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, 80 5th Ave, New York, NY 10011, USA
| | - Hammad Sheikh
- Artis International, 6424 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 100-498, Scottsdale, AZ 85254, USA
- Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, 80 5th Ave, New York, NY 10011, USA
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Artis International, 6424 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 100-498, Scottsdale, AZ 85254, USA
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gómez
- Artis International, 6424 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 100-498, Scottsdale, AZ 85254, USA
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal, No. 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard Davis
- Artis International, 6424 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 100-498, Scottsdale, AZ 85254, USA
- The Changing Character of War Centre, Pembroke College, University of Oxford, St. Aldates, Oxford OX1 1DW, UK
- School of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University, Coor Hall, 975 S. Myrtle Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Artis International, 6424 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 100-498, Scottsdale, AZ 85254, USA
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Passeig Marítim 25-29, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mellick W, Sharp C, Sumlin E. Trust and general risk-taking in externalizing adolescent inpatients versus non-externalizing psychiatric controls. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2019; 7:92-96. [PMID: 33520772 PMCID: PMC7709937 DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2019-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interpersonal trust is an important target for the conceptualization, identification, and treatment of psychiatric disorders marked by interpersonal difficulties. A core feature of adolescent externalising disorders is interpersonal impairment. However, research investigating trust is scarce. A relatively novel approach for studying trust in psychopathology is through examination of social decision making using behavioural economic games. Objective To employ a modified trust game in order to determine whether externalising adolescents exhibit perturbed decision making in social and/or nonsocial contexts. Methods Externalising inpatient adolescents (n = 141) and non-externalising psychiatric controls (n = 122) completed self-report measures of psychopathology and invested in an iterative trust game played under two conditions: social (trust) and nonsocial (lottery condition), each consisting of five consecutive trials. Results Externalising adolescents showed a limited increase in trust investments, compared to a significant increase in lottery investments, across early game trials relative to psychiatric controls. This significant three-way interaction between experimental group, game condition, and trials became most evident at the second trial of games. Between-group differences on trust investments were non-significant. However, externalising adolescents invested significantly less in the trust relative to lottery condition, an effect unobserved in psychiatric controls. Conclusions This study tentatively suggests that adolescent externalising disorders may be associated with an insensitivity to normative social exchange which may arise, in part, from a lack of anticipated co-player reciprocity. It is not the level of trust that may distinguish externalising adolescents but perhaps the form of which the trust exchange takes shape. Conclusions are tempered by the fact that the employed trust game did not include feedback in the form of co-player repayments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Sumlin
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Social brain, social dysfunction and social withdrawal. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:10-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
35
|
Calcutt SE, Proctor D, Berman SM, de Waal FBM. Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) Are More Averse to Social Than Nonsocial Risk. Psychol Sci 2018; 30:105-115. [PMID: 30511893 DOI: 10.1177/0956797618811877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Social risk is a domain of risk in which the costs, benefits, and uncertainty of an action depend on the behavior of another individual. Humans overvalue the costs of a socially risky decision when compared with that of purely economic risk. Here, we played a trust game with 8 female captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) to determine whether this bias exists in one of our closest living relatives. A correlation between an individual's social- and nonsocial-risk attitudes indicated stable individual variation, yet the chimpanzees were more averse to social than nonsocial risk. This indicates differences between social and economic decision making and emotional factors in social risk taking. In another experiment using the same paradigm, subjects played with several partners with whom they had varying relationships. Preexisting relationships did not impact the subjects' choices. Instead, the apes used a tit-for-tat strategy and were influenced by the outcome of early interactions with a partner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Calcutt
- 1 Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University.,2 Department of Psychology, Emory University
| | - Darby Proctor
- 1 Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University.,3 School of Psychology, Florida Institute of Technology
| | - Sarah M Berman
- 1 Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University
| | - Frans B M de Waal
- 1 Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University.,2 Department of Psychology, Emory University
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Functional connectivity of specific resting-state networks predicts trust and reciprocity in the trust game. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 19:165-176. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-00654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
37
|
Apps MAJ, McKay R, Azevedo RT, Whitehouse H, Tsakiris M. Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01030. [PMID: 29931824 PMCID: PMC6085923 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People are highly attuned to fairness, with people willingly suffering personal costs to prevent others benefitting from unfair acts. Are fairness judgments influenced by group alignments? A new theory posits that we favor ingroups and denigrate members of rival outgroups when our personal identity is fused to a group. Although the mPFC has been separately implicated in group membership and fairness processing, it is unclear whether group alignments affect medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity in response to fairness. Here, we examine the contribution of different regions of the mPFC to processing from ingroup and outgroup members and test whether its response differs depending on how fused we are to an ingroup. METHODS Subjects performed rounds of the Ultimatum Game, being offered fair or unfair divisions of money from supporters of the same soccer team (ingroup), the fiercest rival (outgroup) or neutral individuals whilst undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). RESULTS Strikingly, people willingly suffered personal costs to prevent outgroup members benefitting from both unfair and fair offers. Activity across dorsal and ventral (VMPFC) portions of the mPFC reflected an interaction between fairness and group membership. VMPFC activity in particular was consistent with it coding one's fusion to a group, with the fairness by group membership interaction correlating with the extent that the responder's identity was fused to the ingroup. CONCLUSIONS The influence of fusion on social behavior therefore seems to be linked to processing in the VMPFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A J Apps
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan McKay
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruben T Azevedo
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,The Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| | - Harvey Whitehouse
- Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manos Tsakiris
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,The Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yuan B, Wang Y, Roberts K, Valadez E, Yin J, Li W. An electrophysiological index of outcome evaluation that may influence subsequent cooperation and aggression strategies. Soc Neurosci 2018; 14:420-433. [DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2018.1488766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kathryn Roberts
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Emilio Valadez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Luo J. The Neural Basis of and a Common Neural Circuitry in Different Types of Pro-social Behavior. Front Psychol 2018; 9:859. [PMID: 29922197 PMCID: PMC5996127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-social behaviors are voluntary behaviors that benefit other people or society as a whole, such as charitable donations, cooperation, trust, altruistic punishment, and fairness. These behaviors have been widely described through non self-interest decision-making in behavioral experimental studies and are thought to be increased by social preference motives. Importantly, recent studies using a combination of neuroimaging and brain stimulation, designed to reveal the neural mechanisms of pro-social behaviors, have found that a wide range of brain areas, specifically the prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala, are correlated or causally related with pro-social behaviors. In this review, we summarize the research on the neural basis of various kinds of pro-social behaviors and describe a common shared neural circuitry of these pro-social behaviors. We introduce several general ways in which experimental economics and neuroscience can be combined to develop important contributions to understanding social decision-making and pro-social behaviors. Future research should attempt to explore the neural circuitry between the frontal lobes and deeper brain areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Neuro & Behavior EconLab, School of Economics, Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-Making, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Over tens of thousands of years of human genetic and cultural evolution, many types and varieties of music and language have emerged; however, the fundamental components of each of these modes of communication seem to be common to all human cultures and social groups. In this brief review, rather than focusing on the development of different musical techniques and practices over time, the main issues addressed here concern: (i) when, and speculations as to why, modern Homo sapiens evolved musical behaviors, (ii) the evolutionary relationship between music and language, and (iii) why humans, perhaps unique among all living species, universally continue to possess two complementary but distinct communication streams. Did music exist before language, or vice versa, or was there a common precursor that in some way separated into two distinct yet still overlapping systems when cognitively modern H. sapiens evolved? A number of theories put forward to explain the origin and persistent universality of music are considered, but emphasis is given, supported by recent neuroimaging, physiological, and psychological findings, to the role that music can play in promoting trust, altruistic behavior, social bonding, and cooperation within groups of culturally compatible but not necessarily genetically related humans. It is argued that, early in our history, the unique socializing and harmonizing power of music acted as an essential counterweight to the new and evolving sense of self, to an emerging sense of individuality and mortality that was linked to the development of an advanced cognitive capacity and articulate language capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Blair-West LF, Hoy KE, Hall PJ, Fitzgerald PB, Fitzgibbon BM. No Change in Social Decision-Making Following Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Right Temporoparietal Junction. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:258. [PMID: 29725288 PMCID: PMC5917038 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) is thought to play an important role in social cognition and pro-social decision-making. One way to explore this link is through the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation method that is able to modulate cortical activity. The aim of this research was therefore to determine whether anodal tDCS to the rTPJ altered response to a social decision-making task. In this study, 34 healthy volunteers participated in a single-center, double-blinded, sham-controlled crossover design. Subjects received 20 min of active/sham anodal tDCS to the rTPJ before undertaking the Ultimatum Game (UG), a neuroeconomics paradigm in which participants are forced to choose between monetary reward and punishing an opponent's unfairness. Contrary to expectations, we found no significant difference between anodal and sham stimulation with regard to either the total number or reaction time of unfair offer rejections in the UG. This study draws attention to methodological issues in tDCS studies of the rTPJ, and highlights the complexity of social decision-making in the UG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Blair-West
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip J Hall
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Clinic, Epworth Healthcare, Camberwell, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernadette M Fitzgibbon
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The role of oxytocin in implicit personal space regulation: An fMRI study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 91:206-215. [PMID: 29601981 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Personal space, defined as the distance individuals choose to maintain between themselves and others, is an indicator of affiliation and closeness. Most paradigms that measure personal space preferences involve explicit choice and therefore fail to examine the implicit aspects of such preferences. In the current study, we sought to investigate an implicit form of interpersonal space that is more closely related to real-life situations involving affiliation. We studied the effects of oxytocin (OT) on neural networks that involve affiliation and tested the impact on personal space preferences. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, we asked participants to choose between two rooms that differed only in the distances between two stimuli. The stimuli were either social stimuli (two chairs) or non-social stimuli (table and plant). The behavioral results showed that OT caused participants to choose a closer space in social blocks but did not affect their choices in non-social blocks. Imaging results revealed an interaction between stimulus and treatment (OT/PL) in the dorsal striatum, an area that is related to approach motivation and is part of the reward circuitry. Specifically, OT increased activity in the dorsal striatum in the social blocks and decreased this activity in the non-social blocks. The results of the study strengthen the social salience theory regarding OT, indicating that OT does not uniformly affect all social responses and that context has a determining impact on our behavior.
Collapse
|
43
|
Erdeniz B, Serin E, İbadi Y, Taş C. Decreased functional connectivity in schizophrenia: The relationship between social functioning, social cognition and graph theoretical network measures. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 270:22-31. [PMID: 29017061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder in which abnormalities in brain connectivity and social functioning play a central role. The aim of this study is to explore small-world network properties, and understand their relationship with social functioning and social cognition in the context of schizophrenia, by testing functional connectivity differences in network properties and its relation to clinical behavioral measures. Resting-state fMRI time series data were acquired from 23 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 23 healthy volunteers. The results revealed that patients with schizophrenia show significantly decreased connectivity between a range of brain regions, particularly involving connections among the right orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral putamen and left amygdala. Furthermore, topological properties of functional brain networks in patients with schizophrenia were characterized by reduced path length compared to healthy controls; however, no significant difference was found for clustering coefficient, local efficiency or global efficiency. Additionally, we found that nodal efficiency of the amygdala and the putamen were significantly correlated with the independence-performance subscale of social functioning scale (SFC), and Reading the Mind in the Eyes test; however, the correlations do not survive correction for multiple comparison. The current results help to clarify the relationship between social functioning deficits and topological brain measures in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Erdeniz
- İzmir University of Economics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Turkey.
| | - Emin Serin
- Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin,Germany
| | - Yelda İbadi
- Üsküdar University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Taş
- Üsküdar University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhong X, Deng S, Ma W, Yang Y, Lu D, Cheng N, Chen D, Wang H, Zhang J, Li F, Li C, Huang HL, Li Z. Anterior cingulate cortex involved in social food-foraging decision-making strategies of rats. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00768. [PMID: 29075556 PMCID: PMC5651380 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decision making as a complex cognitive process involves assessing risk, reward, and costs. Typically, it has been studied in nonsocial contexts. We have developed a novel laboratory model used with rodents to detect food-foraging decision-making strategies in different social settings. However, the brain regions that mediate these behaviors are not well identified. Substantial evidence shows that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) participates in evaluation of social information and in decision making. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effect of bilateral lesions in the ACC on established behaviors. Kainic acid (KA) was administered bilaterally to induce ACC lesions, and saline microinjection into the ACC was used in the sham group. RESULTS In contrast to the sham-lesioned animals, when faced with the choice of foraging under a social context, rats with ACC lesions preferred foraging for the less desirable food. Moreover, in these situations, the total amount of food foraged by the ACC-lesioned group was less than the amount foraged by the sham group. Notably, neither social interactions nor social agonistic behaviors were affected by ACC lesions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the ACC is a key region underlying neural processing of social decision-making, specifically tending to compete for foraging high predictive reward food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Sihao Deng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Dahua Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Na Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Changqi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Hua-Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China.,GZMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China.,GZMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Montazeribarforoushi S, Keshavarzsaleh A, Ramsøy TZ. On the hierarchy of choice: An applied neuroscience perspective on the AIDA model. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2017.1363343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Montazeribarforoushi
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abolfazl Keshavarzsaleh
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Business and Law, High Impact Research Center (HIR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Zoëga Ramsøy
- Center for Behavioral Innovation, Ahlgade 33, 1, Holbæk 4300, Denmark
- Singularity University, NASA Ames Research Park Building 20 S. Akron Rd., Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Neurons Inc Ahlgade 33, 1, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
FeldmanHall O, Dunsmoor JE, Kroes MCW, Lackovic S, Phelps EA. Associative Learning of Social Value in Dynamic Groups. Psychol Sci 2017; 28:1160-1170. [PMID: 28686533 PMCID: PMC5547005 DOI: 10.1177/0956797617706394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although humans live in societies that regularly demand engaging with multiple people simultaneously, little is known about social learning in group settings. In two experiments, we combined a Pavlovian learning framework with dyadic economic games to test whether blocking mechanisms support value-based social learning in the gain (altruistic dictators) and loss (greedy robbers) domains. Subjects first learned about an altruistic dictator, who subsequently made altruistic splits collectively with a partner. Results revealed that because the presence of the dictator already predicted the outcome, subjects did not learn to associate value with the partner. This social blocking effect was not observed in the loss domain: A kind robber's partner, who could steal all the subjects' money but stole little, acquired highly positive value-which biased subjects' subsequent behavior. These findings reveal how Pavlovian mechanisms support efficient social learning, while also demonstrating that violations of social expectations can attenuate how readily these mechanisms are recruited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriel FeldmanHall
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic &
Psychological Sciences, Brown University
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth A. Phelps
- Department of Psychology, New York
University
- Center for Neural Science, New York
University
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New
York
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Food intake is essential for maintaining homeostasis, which is necessary for survival in all species. However, food intake also impacts multiple biochemical processes that influence our behavior. Here, we investigate the causal relationship between macronutrient composition, its bodily biochemical impact, and a modulation of human social decision making. Across two studies, we show that breakfasts with different macronutrient compositions modulated human social behavior. Breakfasts with a high-carbohydrate/protein ratio increased social punishment behavior in response to norm violations compared with that in response to a low carbohydrate/protein meal. We show that these macronutrient-induced behavioral changes in social decision making are causally related to a lowering of plasma tyrosine levels. The findings indicate that, in a limited sense, "we are what we eat" and provide a perspective on a nutrition-driven modulation of cognition. The findings have implications for education, economics, and public policy, and emphasize that the importance of a balanced diet may extend beyond the mere physical benefits of adequate nutrition.
Collapse
|
48
|
Flinkenflogel N, Novin S, Huizinga M, Krabbendam L. Gender Moderates the Influence of Self-Construal Priming on Fairness Considerations. Front Psychol 2017; 8:503. [PMID: 28421019 PMCID: PMC5376594 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in social and cultural psychology has identified that self-construal, or the way the self is defined in relation to others, plays an important role in social decision-making processes. Yet it remains difficult to isolate the effect of self-construal in a comparative approach. Therefore, we used priming methodology in three studies to induce either an independent or interdependent mindset to test direct consequences on fairness considerations. Specifically, we asked whether participants would accept an unfair ultimatum game offer: a split of 10 euros, where the participant is allocated the marginal share of 3 and the proposer 7. If the participant refuses, neither gets paid. In the first study, we used the well-known similarities and differences prime. Here, activating an interdependent mindset decreased rejection of the unfair offer compared to the independent mindset and control condition, but only in females. The prime did not affect males. In the second and third study we modified our university's mission statement to instead include either independent or interdependent values. Females displayed a similar direction of effects; in males however, activating an interdependent mindset increased rejection. Taken together, the results show that whether participants accept or reject an unfair offer depends on both their gender and the self-construal prime. The results were interpreted using the distinction between relational independence that has been associated with females, and collective interdependence, that has been associated with males. Possible consequences for future studies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nic Flinkenflogel
- VICI Lab, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, VU UniversityAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sheida Novin
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mariette Huizinga
- VICI Lab, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, VU UniversityAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- VICI Lab, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, VU UniversityAmsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fooken J. Heart rate variability indicates emotional value during pro-social economic laboratory decisions with large external validity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44471. [PMID: 28281669 PMCID: PMC5345012 DOI: 10.1038/srep44471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the external validity of emotional value measured in economic laboratory experiments by using a physiological indicator of stress, heart rate variability (HRV). While there is ample evidence supporting the external validity of economic experiments, there is little evidence comparing the magnitude of internal levels of emotional stress during decision making with external stress. The current study addresses this gap by comparing the magnitudes of decision stress experienced in the laboratory with the stress from outside the laboratory. To quantify a large change in HRV, measures observed in the laboratory during decision-making are compared to the difference between HRV during a university exam and other mental activity for the same individuals in and outside of the laboratory. The results outside the laboratory inform about the relevance of laboratory findings in terms of their relative magnitude. Results show that psychologically induced HRV changes observed in the laboratory, particularly in connection with social preferences, correspond to large effects outside. This underscores the external validity of laboratory findings and shows the magnitude of emotional value connected to pro-social economic decisions in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fooken
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shdo SM, Ranasinghe KG, Gola KA, Mielke CJ, Sukhanov PV, Miller BL, Rankin KP. Deconstructing empathy: Neuroanatomical dissociations between affect sharing and prosocial motivation using a patient lesion model. Neuropsychologia 2017; 116:126-135. [PMID: 28209520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Affect sharing and prosocial motivation are integral parts of empathy that are conceptually and mechanistically distinct. We used a neurodegenerative disease (NDG) lesion model to examine the neural correlates of these two aspects of real-world empathic responding. The study enrolled 275 participants, including 44 healthy older controls and 231 patients diagnosed with one of five neurodegenerative diseases (75 Alzheimer's disease, 58 behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 42 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), 28 progressive supranuclear palsy, and 28 non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA). Informants completed the Revised Self-Monitoring Scale's Sensitivity to the Expressive Behavior of Others (RSMS-EX) subscale and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index's Empathic Concern (IRI-EC) subscale describing the typical empathic behavior of the participants in daily life. Using regression modeling of the voxel based morphometry of T1 brain scans prepared using SPM8 DARTEL-based preprocessing, we isolated the variance independently contributed by the affect sharing and the prosocial motivation elements of empathy as differentially measured by the two scales. We found that the affect sharing component uniquely correlated with volume in right>left medial and lateral temporal lobe structures, including the amygdala and insula, that support emotion recognition, emotion generation, and emotional awareness. Prosocial motivation, in contrast, involved structures such as the nucleus accumbens (NaCC), caudate head, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), which suggests that an individual must maintain the capacity to experience reward, to resolve ambiguity, and to inhibit their own emotional experience in order to effectively engage in spontaneous altruism as a component of their empathic response to others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Shdo
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Kelly A Gola
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Clinton J Mielke
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Paul V Sukhanov
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|