1
|
Buhlheller C, Sagmeister T, Grininger C, Gubensäk N, Sleytr UB, Usón I, Pavkov-Keller T. SymProFold: Structural prediction of symmetrical biological assemblies. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8152. [PMID: 39294115 PMCID: PMC11410804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Symmetry in nature often emerges from self-assembly processes and serves a wide range of functions. Cell surface layers (S-layers) form symmetrical lattices on many bacterial and archaeal cells, playing essential roles such as facilitating cell adhesion, evading the immune system, and protecting against environmental stress. However, the experimental structural characterization of these S-layers is challenging due to their self-assembly properties and high sequence variability. In this study, we introduce the SymProFold pipeline, which utilizes the high accuracy of AlphaFold-Multimer predictions to derive symmetrical assemblies from protein sequences, specifically focusing on two-dimensional S-layer arrays and spherical viral capsids. The pipeline tests all known symmetry operations observed in these systems (p1, p2, p3, p4, and p6) and identifies the most likely symmetry for the assembly. The predicted models were validated using available experimental data at the cellular level, and additional crystal structures were obtained to confirm the symmetry and interfaces of several SymProFold assemblies. Overall, the SymProFold pipeline enables the determination of symmetric protein assemblies linked to critical functions, thereby opening possibilities for exploring functionalities and designing targeted applications in diverse fields such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, medicine, and materials and environmental sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Buhlheller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theo Sagmeister
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Nina Gubensäk
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Uwe B Sleytr
- Institute of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Usón
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sagmeister T, Gubensäk N, Buhlheller C, Grininger C, Eder M, Ðordić A, Millán C, Medina A, Murcia PAS, Berni F, Hynönen U, Vejzović D, Damisch E, Kulminskaya N, Petrowitsch L, Oberer M, Palva A, Malanović N, Codée J, Keller W, Usón I, Pavkov-Keller T. The molecular architecture of Lactobacillus S-layer: Assembly and attachment to teichoic acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401686121. [PMID: 38838019 PMCID: PMC11181022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401686121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
S-layers are crystalline arrays found on bacterial and archaeal cells. Lactobacillus is a diverse family of bacteria known especially for potential gut health benefits. This study focuses on the S-layer proteins from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus amylovorus common in the mammalian gut. Atomic resolution structures of Lactobacillus S-layer proteins SlpA and SlpX exhibit domain swapping, and the obtained assembly model of the main S-layer protein SlpA aligns well with prior electron microscopy and mutagenesis data. The S-layer's pore size suggests a protective role, with charged areas aiding adhesion. A highly similar domain organization and interaction network are observed across the Lactobacillus genus. Interaction studies revealed conserved binding areas specific for attachment to teichoic acids. The structure of the SlpA S-layer and the suggested incorporation of SlpX as well as its interaction with teichoic acids lay the foundation for deciphering its role in immune responses and for developing effective treatments for a variety of infectious and bacteria-mediated inflammation processes, opening opportunities for targeted engineering of the S-layer or lactobacilli bacteria in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Sagmeister
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Nina Gubensäk
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | | | | | - Markus Eder
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Anđela Ðordić
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Claudia Millán
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Ana Medina
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Pedro Alejandro Sánchez Murcia
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Francesca Berni
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden2333, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla Hynönen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00100, Finland
| | - Djenana Vejzović
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Elisabeth Damisch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | | | - Lukas Petrowitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00100, Finland
| | - Nermina Malanović
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Jeroen Codée
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden2333, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Isabel Usón
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu Y, Mei N, Ying Y, Wang D, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Shen S, Yin B. Bacteria-Based Nanoprobes for Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:759-785. [PMID: 38283198 PMCID: PMC10821665 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s438164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgical removal together with chemotherapy and radiotherapy has used to be the pillars of cancer treatment. Although these traditional methods are still considered as the first-line or standard treatments, non-operative situation, systemic toxicity or resistance severely weakened the therapeutic effect. More recently, synthetic biological nanocarriers elicited substantial interest and exhibited promising potential for combating cancer. In particular, bacteria and their derivatives are omnipotent to realize intrinsic tumor targeting and inhibit tumor growth with anti-cancer agents secreted and immune response. They are frequently employed in synergistic bacteria-mediated anticancer treatments to strengthen the effectiveness of anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we elaborate on the development, mechanism and advantage of bacterial therapy against cancer and then systematically introduce the bacteria-based nanoprobes against cancer and the recent achievements in synergistic treatment strategies and clinical trials. We also discuss the advantages as well as the limitations of these bacteria-based nanoprobes, especially the questions that hinder their application in human, exhibiting this novel anti-cancer endeavor comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Lu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Mei
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinwei Ying
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Shen
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuiper BP, Schöntag AMC, Oksanen HM, Daum B, Quax TEF. Archaeal virus entry and egress. MICROLIFE 2024; 5:uqad048. [PMID: 38234448 PMCID: PMC10791045 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Archaeal viruses display a high degree of structural and genomic diversity. Few details are known about the mechanisms by which these viruses enter and exit their host cells. Research on archaeal viruses has lately made significant progress due to advances in genetic tools and imaging techniques, such as cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). In recent years, a steady output of newly identified archaeal viral receptors and egress mechanisms has offered the first insight into how archaeal viruses interact with the archaeal cell envelope. As more details about archaeal viral entry and egress are unravelled, patterns are starting to emerge. This helps to better understand the interactions between viruses and the archaeal cell envelope and how these compare to infection strategies of viruses in other domains of life. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in the field of archaeal viral entry and egress, shedding light onto the most elusive part of the virosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan P Kuiper
- Biology of Archaea and Viruses, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 7th floor, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna M C Schöntag
- Biology of Archaea and Viruses, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 7th floor, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna M Oksanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bertram Daum
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa E F Quax
- Biology of Archaea and Viruses, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 7th floor, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qing R, Xue M, Zhao J, Wu L, Breitwieser A, Smorodina E, Schubert T, Azzellino G, Jin D, Kong J, Palacios T, Sleytr UB, Zhang S. Scalable biomimetic sensing system with membrane receptor dual-monolayer probe and graphene transistor arrays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf1402. [PMID: 37478177 PMCID: PMC10361598 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Affinity-based biosensing can enable point-of-care diagnostics and continuous health monitoring, which commonly follows bottom-up approaches and is inherently constrained by bioprobes' intrinsic properties, batch-to-batch consistency, and stability in biofluids. We present a biomimetic top-down platform to circumvent such difficulties by combining a "dual-monolayer" biorecognition construct with graphene-based field-effect-transistor arrays. The construct adopts redesigned water-soluble membrane receptors as specific sensing units, positioned by two-dimensional crystalline S-layer proteins as dense antifouling linkers guiding their orientations. Hundreds of transistors provide statistical significance from transduced signals. System feasibility was demonstrated with rSbpA-ZZ/CXCR4QTY-Fc combination. Nature-like specific interactions were achieved toward CXCL12 ligand and HIV coat glycoprotein in physiologically relevant concentrations, without notable sensitivity loss in 100% human serum. The construct is regeneratable by acidic buffer, allowing device reuse and functional tuning. The modular and generalizable architecture behaves similarly to natural systems but gives electrical outputs, which enables fabrication of multiplex sensors with tailored receptor panels for designated diagnostic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mantian Xue
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jiayuan Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lidong Wu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Andreas Breitwieser
- Department of Bionanosciences (DBNS), BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Smorodina
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Giovanni Azzellino
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David Jin
- Avalon GloboCare Corp., Freehold, NJ 07728, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomás Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Uwe B. Sleytr
- Department of Bionanosciences (DBNS), BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choudhary R, Singh KS, Bisht S, Kumar S, Mohanty AK, Grover S, Kaushik JK. Host-microbe interaction and pathogen exclusion mediated by an aggregation-prone surface layer protein of Lactobacillus helveticus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125146. [PMID: 37271267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic surface layer proteins (Slps) have multiple functions and bacterial adhesion to host cells is one of them. The precise role of Slps in cellular adhesion is not well understood due to its low native protein yield and self-aggregative nature. Here, we report the recombinant expression and purification of biologically active Slp of Lactobacillus helveticus NCDC 288 (SlpH) in high yield. SlpH is a highly basic protein (pI = 9.4), having a molecular weight of 45 kDa. Circular Dichroism showed a prevalence of beta-strands in SlpH structure and resistance to low pH. SlpH showed binding to human intestinal tissue, enteric Caco-2 cell line, and porcine gastric mucin, but not with fibronectin, collagen type IV and laminin. SlpH inhibited the binding of the enterotoxigenic E. coli by 70 % and 76 % and that of Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 by 71 % and 75 % to enteric Caco-2 cell line in the exclusion and competition assays, respectively. The pathogen exclusion and competition activity and tolerance to harsh gastrointestinal conditions show the potential for developing SlpH as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent against enteric pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Choudhary
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, (India)
| | - Kumar Siddharth Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, (India)
| | - Sonu Bisht
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, (India)
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, (India)
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, (India)
| | - Sunita Grover
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, (India)
| | - Jai Kumar Kaushik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, (India).
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meng J, Wang YY, Hao YP. Application of two glycosylated Lactobacillus surface layer proteins in coating cationic liposomes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:108. [PMID: 36856865 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of isolated surface layer proteins (SLPs) to reassemble on suitable surfaces enables the application of SLPs in various fields of nanotechnology. In this work, SLPs from Lactobacillus buchneri BNCC 187,964 and L. kefir BNCC 190,565 were extracted and verified as glycosylated proteins. They were applied to coat on the surface of cationic liposomes. The absorption of the two SLPs on liposomes induced the zeta potential reduction and particle size increase. The two kinds of SLP-coated liposomes demonstrated better thermal, light and pH stability than the control liposomes. And the L. kefir SLP showed better protective effects than the L. buchneri SLP. Moreover, both of the SLPs could endow liposomes with the function of binding ferritin as observed by transmission electron microscope. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated that the interaction between the two SLPs and liposomes was similar. The recrystallization of the two SLPs on the liposomes might drive the lipid into a higher order state and hydrogen bonds were formed between the two SLPs and the liposomes. All the findings demonstrated that L. kefir SLP and L. buchneri SLP had great potential to be explored as effective coating agents to improve the stability and function of cationic liposomes.Please check and confirm that the authors and their respective affiliations have been correctly identified and amend if necessary.Yes, all have been checked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Road, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yan-Yang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Road, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yun-Peng Hao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davenport B, Hallam SJ. Emerging enzyme surface display systems for waste resource recovery. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:241-249. [PMID: 36369958 PMCID: PMC10100002 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current century marks an inflection point for human progress, as the developed world increasingly comes to recognize that the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of resource extraction must be balanced with more sustainable modes of growth that are less reliant on non-renewable sources of energy and materials. This has opened a window of opportunity for cross-sector development of biotechnologies that harness the metabolic problem-solving power of microbial communities. In this context, recovery has emerged as an organizing principal to create value from industrial and municipal waste streams, and the search is on for new enzymes and platforms that can be used for waste resource recovery at scale. Enzyme surface display on cells or functionalized materials has emerged as a promising platform for waste valorization. Typically, surface display involves the use of substrate binding or catalytic domains of interest translationally fused with extracellular membrane proteins in a microbial chassis. Novel display systems with improved performance features include S-layer display with increased protein density, spore display with increased resistance to harsh conditions, and intracellular inclusions including DNA-free cells or nanoparticles with improved social licence for in situ applications. Combining these display systems with advances in bioprinting, electrospinning and high-throughput functional screening have potential to transform outmoded extractive paradigms into 'trans-metabolic" processes for remediation and waste resource recovery within an emerging circular bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Davenport
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J Hallam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Bradshaw Research Institute for Minerals and Mining, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- ECOSCOPE Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
In vitro investigation of protein assembly by combined microscopy and infrared spectroscopy at the nanometer scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200019119. [PMID: 35914130 PMCID: PMC9371722 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200019119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nanoscale structure and dynamics of proteins on surfaces has been extensively studied using various imaging techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid environments. These powerful imaging techniques, however, can potentially damage or perturb delicate biological material and do not provide chemical information, which prevents a fundamental understanding of the dynamic processes underlying their evolution under physiological conditions. Here, we use a platform developed in our laboratory that enables acquisition of infrared (IR) spectroscopy and AFM images of biological material in physiological liquids with nanometer resolution in a cell closed by atomically thin graphene membranes transparent to IR photons. In this work, we studied the self-assembly process of S-layer proteins at the graphene-aqueous solution interface. The graphene acts also as the membrane separating the solution containing the proteins and Ca2+ ions from the AFM tip, thus eliminating sample damage and contamination effects. The formation of S-layer protein lattices and their structural evolution was monitored by AFM and by recording the amide I and II IR absorption bands, which reveal the noncovalent interaction between proteins and their response to the environment, including ionic strength and solvation. Our measurement platform opens unique opportunities to study biological material and soft materials in general.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoffecker IT, Shaw A, Sorokina V, Smyrlaki I, Högberg B. Stochastic modeling of antibody binding predicts programmable migration on antigen patterns. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 2:179-192. [PMID: 36311262 PMCID: PMC7613752 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Viruses and bacteria commonly exhibit spatial repetition of surface molecules that directly interface with the host immune system. However the complex interaction of patterned surfaces with immune molecules containing multiple binding domains is poorly understood. We developed a pipeline for constructing mechanistic models of antibody interactions with patterned antigen substrates. Our framework relies on immobilized DNA origami nanostructures decorated with precisely placed antigens. The results revealed that antigen spacing is a spatial control parameter that can be tuned to influence antibody residence time and migration speed. The model predicts that gradients in antigen spacing can drive persistent, directed antibody migration in the direction of more stable spacing. These results depict antibody-antigen interactions as a computational system wherein antigen geometry constrains and potentially directs antibody movement. We propose that this form of molecular programmability could be exploited during co-evolution of pathogens and immune systems or in the design of molecular machines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian T. Hoffecker
- Division of Biomaterials, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 16, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Dept. of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- ,
| | - Alan Shaw
- Division of Biomaterials, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 16, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3220
| | - Viktoria Sorokina
- Division of Biomaterials, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 16, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Smyrlaki
- Division of Biomaterials, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 16, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Björn Högberg
- Division of Biomaterials, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 16, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- ,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei J, Xu L, Wu WH, Sun F, Zhang WB. Genetically engineered materials: Proteins and beyond. Sci China Chem 2022; 65:486-496. [PMID: 35154293 PMCID: PMC8815391 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Information-rich molecules provide opportunities for evolution. Genetically engineered materials are superior in that their properties are coded within genetic sequences and could be fine-tuned. In this review, we elaborate the concept of genetically engineered materials (GEMs) using examples ranging from engineered protein materials to engineered living materials. Protein-based materials are the materials of choice by nature. Recent progress in protein engineering has led to opportunities to tune their sequences for optimal material performance. Proteins also play a central role in living materials where they act in concert with other biological components as well as nonbiological cofactors, giving rise to living features. While the existing GEMs are often limited to those constructed by building blocks of biological origin, being genetically engineerable does not preclude nonbiologic or synthetic materials, the latter of which have yet to be fully explored.
![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wei
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 China
| | - Lianjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Wen-Hao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pallares RM, Charrier M, Tejedor-Sanz S, Li D, Ashby PD, Ajo-Franklin CM, Ralston CY, Abergel RJ. Precision Engineering of 2D Protein Layers as Chelating Biogenic Scaffolds for Selective Recovery of Rare-Earth Elements. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:854-861. [PMID: 34985894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth elements, which include the lanthanide series, are key components of many clean energy technologies, including wind turbines and photovoltaics. Because most of these 4f metals are at high risk of supply chain disruption, the development of new recovery technologies is necessary to avoid future shortages, which may impact renewable energy production. This paper reports the synthesis of a non-natural biogenic material as a potential platform for bioinspired lanthanide extraction. The biogenic material takes advantage of the atomically precise structure of a 2D crystalline protein lattice with the high lanthanide binding affinity of hydroxypyridinonate chelators. Luminescence titration data demonstrated that the engineered protein layers have affinities for all tested lanthanides in the micromolar-range (dissociation constants) and a higher binding affinity for the lanthanide ions with a smaller ionic radius. Furthermore, competitive titrations confirmed the higher selectivity (up to several orders of magnitude) of the biogenic material for lanthanides compared to other cations commonly found in f-element sources. Lastly, the functionalized protein layers could be reused in several cycles by desorbing the bound metal with citrate solutions. Taken together, these results highlight biogenic materials as promising bioadsorption platforms for the selective binding of lanthanides, with potential applications in the recovery of these critical elements from waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger M Pallares
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marimikel Charrier
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sara Tejedor-Sanz
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dong Li
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paul D Ashby
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Caroline M Ajo-Franklin
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Corie Y Ralston
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca J Abergel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Misra CS, Sounderajan S, Apte SK. Metal removal by metallothionein and an acid phosphatase PhoN, surface-displayed on the cells of the extremophile, Deinococcus radiodurans. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126477. [PMID: 34323731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The utility of surface layer proteins (Hpi and SlpA) of the radiation resistant bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans, was investigated for surface display and bioremediation of cadmium and uranium. The smtA gene, from Synechococcus elongatus (encoding the metal binding metallothionein protein), was cloned and over-expressed in D. radiodurans, either as such or as a chimeric gene fused with hpi ORF (Hpi-SmtA), or fused to the nucleotide sequence encoding the SLH domain of the SlpA protein (SLH-SmtA). The expressed fusion proteins localized to the deinococcal cell surface, while the SmtA protein localized to the cytoplasm. Recombinant cells surface-displaying the SLH-SmtA or Hpi-SmtA fusion proteins respectively removed 1.5-3 times more cadmium than those expressing only cytosolic SmtA. The deinococcal Hpi protein layer per se also contributed to U binding, by conferring substantial negative charge to deinococcal cell surface. The ORF of an acid phosphatase, PhoN was fused with the hpi or SLH domain DNA sequence and purified. Isolated Hpi-PhoN and SLH-PhoN, immobilized on deinococcal peptidoglycan showed efficient uranium precipitation (446 and 160 mg U/g biomass used respectively). The study demonstrates effective exploitation of the deinococcal S layer protein components for (a) cell surface-based sequestration of cadmium, and (b) cell-free preparations for uranium remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Seetharam Misra
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Suvarna Sounderajan
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shree Kumar Apte
- School of Biosciences, UM-DAE-Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Vidyanagari, Kalina, Mumbai 400098, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Bacterial surface layers (S-layers) have been observed as the outermost cell envelope component in a wide range of bacteria and most archaea. S-layers are monomolecular lattices composed of a single protein or glycoprotein species and have either oblique, square or hexagonal lattice symmetry with unit cell dimensions ranging from 3 to 30 nm. They are generally 5 to 10 nm thick (up to 70 nm in archaea) and represent highly porous protein lattices (30–70% porosity) with pores of uniform size and morphology in the range of 2 to 8 nm. Since S-layers can be considered as one of the simplest protein lattices found in nature and the constituent units are probably the most abundantly expressed proteins on earth, it seems justified to briefly review the different S-layer lattice types, the need for lattice imperfections and the discussion of S-layers from the perspective of an isoporous protein network in the ultrafiltration region. Finally, basic research on S-layers laid the foundation for applications in biotechnology, synthetic biology, and biomimetics.
Collapse
|
15
|
A New Method for Dispersing Pristine Carbon Nanotubes Using Regularly Arranged S-Layer Proteins. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051346. [PMID: 34065322 PMCID: PMC8161383 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous and stable dispersions of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aqueous solutions are imperative for a wide range of applications, especially in life and medical sciences. Various covalent and non-covalent approaches were published to separate the bundles into individual tubes. In this context, this work demonstrates the non-covalent modification and dispersion of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using two S-layer proteins, namely, SbpA from Lysinibacillus sphaericus CCM2177 and SbsB from Geobacillus stearothermophilus PV72/p2. Both the S-layer proteins coated the MWNTs completely. Furthermore, it was shown that SbpA can form caps at the ends of MWNTs. Reassembly experiments involving a mixture of both S-layer proteins in the same solution showed that the MWNTs were primarily coated with SbsB, whereas SbpA formed self-assembled layers. The dispersibility of the pristine nanotubes coated with SbpA was determined by zeta potential measurements (−24.4 +/− 0.6 mV, pH = 7). Finally, the SbpA-coated MWNTs were silicified with tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) using a mild biogenic approach. As expected, the thickness of the silica layer could be controlled by the reaction time and was 6.3 +/− 1.25 nm after 5 min and 25.0 +/− 5.9 nm after 15 min. Since S-layer proteins have already demonstrated their capability to bind (bio)molecules in dense packing or to act as catalytic sites in biomineralization processes, the successful coating of pristine MWNTs has great potential in the development of new materials, such as biosensor architectures.
Collapse
|
16
|
Schuster B, Sleytr UB. S-Layer Ultrafiltration Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:275. [PMID: 33918014 PMCID: PMC8068369 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monomolecular arrays of protein subunits forming surface layers (S-layers) are the most common outermost cell envelope components of prokaryotic organisms (bacteria and archaea). Since S-layers are periodic structures, they exhibit identical physicochemical properties for each constituent molecular unit down to the sub-nanometer level. Pores passing through S-layers show identical size and morphology and are in the range of ultrafiltration membranes. The functional groups on the surface and in the pores of the S-layer protein lattice are accessible for chemical modifications and for binding functional molecules in very precise fashion. S-layer ultrafiltration membranes (SUMs) can be produced by depositing S-layer fragments as a coherent (multi)layer on microfiltration membranes. After inter- and intramolecular crosslinking of the composite structure, the chemical and thermal resistance of these membranes was shown to be comparable to polyamide membranes. Chemical modification and/or specific binding of differently sized molecules allow the tuning of the surface properties and molecular sieving characteristics of SUMs. SUMs can be utilized as matrices for the controlled immobilization of functional biomolecules (e.g., ligands, enzymes, antibodies, and antigens) as required for many applications (e.g., biosensors, diagnostics, enzyme- and affinity-membranes). Finally, SUM represent unique supporting structures for stabilizing functional lipid membranes at meso- and macroscopic scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schuster
- Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of NanoBiotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe B. Sleytr
- Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of NanoBiotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wege C, Koch C. From stars to stripes: RNA-directed shaping of plant viral protein templates-structural synthetic virology for smart biohybrid nanostructures. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1591. [PMID: 31631528 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of viral building blocks bears exciting prospects for fabricating new types of bionanoparticles with multivalent protein shells. These enable a spatially controlled immobilization of functionalities at highest surface densities-an increasing demand worldwide for applications from vaccination to tissue engineering, biocatalysis, and sensing. Certain plant viruses hold particular promise because they are sustainably available, biodegradable, nonpathogenic for mammals, and amenable to in vitro self-organization of virus-like particles. This offers great opportunities for their redesign into novel "green" carrier systems by spatial and structural synthetic biology approaches, as worked out here for the robust nanotubular tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as prime example. Natural TMV of 300 x 18 nm is built from more than 2,100 identical coat proteins (CPs) helically arranged around a 6,395 nucleotides ssRNA. In vitro, TMV-like particles (TLPs) may self-assemble also from modified CPs and RNAs if the latter contain an Origin of Assembly structure, which initiates a bidirectional encapsidation. By way of tailored RNA, the process can be reprogrammed to yield uncommon shapes such as branched nanoobjects. The nonsymmetric mechanism also proceeds on 3'-terminally immobilized RNA and can integrate distinct CP types in blends or serially. Other emerging plant virus-deduced systems include the usually isometric cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) with further strikingly altered structures up to "cherrybombs" with protruding nucleic acids. Cartoon strips and pictorial descriptions of major RNA-based strategies induct the reader into a rare field of nanoconstruction that can give rise to utile soft-matter architectures for complex tasks. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Claudia Koch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
High Efficiency Mercury Sorption by Dead Biomass of Lysinibacillus Sphaericus-New Insights into the Treatment of Contaminated Water. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081296. [PMID: 31010243 PMCID: PMC6514844 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal frequently used in illegal and artisanal extraction of gold and silver which makes it a cause of environmental poisoning. Since biosorption of other heavy metals has been reported for several Lysinibacillus sphaericus strains, this study investigates Hg removal. Three L. sphaericus strains previously reported as metal tolerant (CBAM5, Ot4b31, and III(3)7) were assessed with mercury chloride (HgCl2). Bacteria were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS-SEM). Sorption was evaluated in live and dead bacterial biomass by free and immobilized cells assays. Hg quantification was achieved through spectrophotometry at 508 nm by reaction of Hg supernatants with dithizone prepared in Triton X-114 and by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS). Bacteria grew up to 60 ppm of HgCl2. Non-immobilized dead cell mixture of strains III(3)7 and Ot4b31 showed a maximum sorption efficiency of 28.4 µg Hg/mg bacteria during the first 5 min of contact with HgCl2, removing over 95% of Hg. This process was escalated in a semi-batch bubbling fluidized bed reactor (BFB) using rice husk as the immobilization matrix leading to a similar level of efficiency. EDS-SEM analysis showed that all strains can adsorb Hg as particles of nanometric scale that can be related to the presence of S-layer metal binding proteins as shown in previous studies. These results suggest that L. sphaericus could be used as a novel biological method of mercury removal from polluted wastewater.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
![]()
Ordered
protein assemblies are attracting interest as next-generation
biomaterials with a remarkable range of structural and functional
properties, leading to potential applications in biocatalysis, materials
templating, drug delivery and vaccine development. This Review covers
ordered protein assemblies including protein nanowires/nanofibrils,
nanorings, nanotubes, designed two- and three-dimensional ordered
protein lattices and protein-like cages including polyhedral virus-like
cage structures. The main focus is on designed ordered protein assemblies,
in which the spatial organization of the proteins is controlled by
tailored noncovalent interactions (including metal ion binding interactions,
electrostatic interactions and ligand–receptor interactions
among others) or by careful design of modified (mutant) proteins or de novo constructs. The modification of natural protein
assemblies including bacterial S-layers and cage-like and rod-like
viruses to impart novel function, e.g. enzymatic activity, is also
considered. A diversity of structures have been created using distinct
approaches, and this Review provides a summary of the state-of-the-art
in the development of these systems, which have exceptional potential
as advanced bionanomaterials for a diversity of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Hamley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu M, Liu X, Bai H, Lai L, Chen Q, Huang G, Liu B, Tang G. Surface-Layer Protein-Enhanced Immunotherapy Based on Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for the Effective Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Metastasis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9850-9859. [PMID: 30788951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemo-immunotherapy is an important tool to overcome tumor immune suppression in cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we report a surface-layer (S-layer) protein-enhanced immunotherapy strategy based on cell membrane-coated S-CM-HPAD nanoparticles for the effective malignant tumor therapy and metastasis inhibition. The S-CM-HPAD NPs could effectively deliver the tumor antigen, DOX, and immunoadjuvant to the homotypic tumor by the homotypic targeting ability of the coated cell membrane. In addition to its ability to induce tumor cell death, the loaded DOX could enhance the immunotherapy response by inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Because of the intrinsic adjuvant property and capability to surface display epitopes and proteins, the S-layers localized on the surface of S-CM-HPAD NPs potentiated the immune response to the antigen. The results confirmed that the protective immunity against tumor occurrence was promoted effectively by prompting proliferation of lymphocytes and secretion of cytokine caused by the tumor-associated antigen and adjuvant. The excellent combinational therapeutic effects on the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in the melanoma tumor models demonstrated that the S-layer-enhanced immunotherapeutic method is a promising strategy for tumor immunotherapy of malignant tumor growth and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , China
| | - Hongzhen Bai
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , China
| | - Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , China
| | - Guojun Huang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , 117585 Singapore
| | - Guping Tang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilson K, Ely B. Analyses of four new Caulobacter Phicbkviruses indicate independent lineages. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:321-331. [PMID: 30657445 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages with genomes larger than 200 kbp are considered giant phages, and the giant Phicbkviruses are the most frequently isolated Caulobacter crescentus phages. In this study, we compare six bacteriophage genomes that differ from the genomes of the majority of Phicbkviruses. Four of these genomes are much larger than those of the rest of the Phicbkviruses, with genome sizes that are more than 250 kbp. A comparison of 16 Phicbkvirus genomes identified a 'core genome' of 69 genes that is present in all of these Phicbkvirus genomes, as well as shared accessory genes and genes that are unique for each phage. Most of the core genes are clustered into the regions coding for structural proteins or those involved in DNA replication. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that these 16 CaulobacterPhicbkvirus genomes are related, but they represent four distinct branches of the Phicbkvirus genomic tree with distantly related branches sharing little nucleotide homology. In contrast, pairwise comparisons within each branch of the phylogenetic tree showed that more than 80 % of the entire genome is shared among phages within a group. This conservation of the genomes within each branch indicates that horizontal gene transfer events between the groups are rare. Therefore, the Phicbkvirus genus consists of at least four different phylogenetic branches that are evolving independently from one another. One of these branches contains a 27-gene inversion relative to the other three branches. Also, an analysis of the tRNA genes showed that they are relatively mobile within the Phicbkvirus genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiesha Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Bert Ely
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Charrier M, Li D, Mann VR, Yun L, Jani S, Rad B, Cohen BE, Ashby PD, Ryan KR, Ajo-Franklin CM. Engineering the S-Layer of Caulobacter crescentus as a Foundation for Stable, High-Density, 2D Living Materials. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:181-190. [PMID: 30577690 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Materials synthesized by organisms, such as bones and wood, combine the ability to self-repair with remarkable mechanical properties. This multifunctionality arises from the presence of living cells within the material and hierarchical assembly of different components across nanometer to micron scales. While creating engineered analogues of these natural materials is of growing interest, our ability to hierarchically order materials using living cells largely relies on engineered 1D protein filaments. Here, we lay the foundation for bottom-up assembly of engineered living material composites in 2D along the cell body using a synthetic biology approach. We engineer the paracrystalline surface-layer (S-layer) of Caulobacter crescentus to display SpyTag peptides that form irreversible isopeptide bonds to SpyCatcher-modified proteins, nanocrystals, and biopolymers on the extracellular surface. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we show that attachment of these materials to the cell surface is uniform, specific, and covalent, and its density can be controlled on the basis of the insertion location within the S-layer protein, RsaA. Moreover, we leverage the irreversible nature of this attachment to demonstrate via SDS-PAGE that the engineered S-layer can display a high density of materials, reaching 1 attachment site per 288 nm2. Finally, we show that ligation of quantum dots to the cell surface does not impair cell viability, and this composite material remains intact over a period of 2 weeks. Taken together, this work provides a platform for self-organization of soft and hard nanomaterials on a cell surface with precise control over 2D density, composition, and stability of the resulting composite, and is a key step toward building hierarchically ordered engineered living materials with emergent properties.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Farjadian F, Moghoofei M, Mirkiani S, Ghasemi A, Rabiee N, Hadifar S, Beyzavi A, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Bacterial components as naturally inspired nano-carriers for drug/gene delivery and immunization: Set the bugs to work? Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:968-985. [PMID: 29499341 PMCID: PMC5971145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery is a rapidly growing area of research motivated by the nanotechnology revolution, the ideal of personalized medicine, and the desire to reduce the side effects of toxic anti-cancer drugs. Amongst a bewildering array of different nanostructures and nanocarriers, those examples that are fundamentally bio-inspired and derived from natural sources are particularly preferred. Delivery of vaccines is also an active area of research in this field. Bacterial cells and their components that have been used for drug delivery, include the crystalline cell-surface layer known as "S-layer", bacterial ghosts, bacterial outer membrane vesicles, and bacterial products or derivatives (e.g. spores, polymers, and magnetic nanoparticles). Considering the origin of these components from potentially pathogenic microorganisms, it is not surprising that they have been applied for vaccines and immunization. The present review critically summarizes their applications focusing on their advantages for delivery of drugs, genes, and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soroush Mirkiani
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Hadifar
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Beyzavi
- Koch institute of MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schuster B. S-Layer Protein-Based Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E40. [PMID: 29641511 PMCID: PMC6023001 DOI: 10.3390/bios8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present paper highlights the application of bacterial surface (S-) layer proteins as versatile components for the fabrication of biosensors. One technologically relevant feature of S-layer proteins is their ability to self-assemble on many surfaces and interfaces to form a crystalline two-dimensional (2D) protein lattice. The S-layer lattice on the surface of a biosensor becomes part of the interface architecture linking the bioreceptor to the transducer interface, which may cause signal amplification. The S-layer lattice as ultrathin, highly porous structure with functional groups in a well-defined special distribution and orientation and an overall anti-fouling characteristics can significantly raise the limit in terms of variety and the ease of bioreceptor immobilization, compactness of bioreceptor molecule arrangement, sensitivity, specificity, and detection limit for many types of biosensors. The present paper discusses and summarizes examples for the successful implementation of S-layer lattices on biosensor surfaces in order to give a comprehensive overview on the application potential of these bioinspired S-layer protein-based biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schuster
- Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chang AC, Liu BH. Identification of Characteristic Macromolecules of Escherichia coli Genotypes by Atomic Force Microscope Nanoscale Mechanical Mapping. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:35. [PMID: 29396772 PMCID: PMC5796958 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The categorization of microbial strains is conventionally based on the molecular method, and seldom are the morphological characteristics in the bacterial strains studied. In this research, we revealed the macromolecular structures of the bacterial surface via AFM mechanical mapping, whose resolution was not only determined by the nanoscale tip size but also the mechanical properties of the specimen. This technique enabled the nanoscale study of membranous structures of microbial strains with simple specimen preparation and flexible working environments, which overcame the multiple restrictions in electron microscopy and label-enable biochemical analytical methods. The characteristic macromolecules located among cellular surface were considered as surface layer proteins and were found to be specific to the Escherichia coli genotypes, from which the averaged molecular sizes were characterized with diameters ranging from 38 to 66 nm, and the molecular shapes were kidney-like or round. In conclusion, the surface macromolecular structures have unique characteristics that link to the E. coli genotype, which suggests that the genomic effects on cellular morphologies can be rapidly identified using AFM mechanical mapping. Graphical Abstract Quantification of surface macromolecules of E. coli cells using AFM mechanical mapping. Surface macromolecules of cellular surface of three E. coli genotypes, MG1655, CFT073, and RS218, were characterized with the sizes ranging from 38 to 66 nm and with round or kidney-like shapes. The topography images were colored with adhesion mapping with the scale bars = 200 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chinghsuan Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 701 Taiwan
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 701 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rothbauer M, Frauenlob M, Gutkas K, Fischer MB, Sinner EK, Küpcü S, Ertl P. Development of a Multifunctional Nanobiointerface Based on Self-Assembled Fusion-Protein rSbpA/ZZ for Blood Cell Enrichment and Phenotyping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34423-34434. [PMID: 28920671 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a multifunctional nanobiointerface for blood cell capture and phenotyping applications that features both excellent antifouling properties and high antibody activity. Multifunctionality is accomplished by modifying polymeric materials using self-assembled S-layer fusion-protein rSbpA/ZZ to immobilize high density antibodies at the two protein A binding sites of the rSbpA/ZZ nanolattice structure. Controlled orientation and alignment of the antibodies reduced antibody consumption 100-fold and increased cell capture efficiency 4-fold over standard methodologies. Cell analysis in complex samples was made possible by the remarkable antifouling properties of the rSbpA domain, while at the same time reducing unspecific binding and forgoing tedious blocking procedures. An automated microfluidic in situ cell analysis platform for isolation and phenotyping of primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells was developed as practical application. Results obtained using our automated microfluidic cell analysis platform showed that the multifunctional nanobiointerface can discriminate among T helper and cytotoxic T cells, and thymocytes. Additionally, on-chip cell capture under flow conditions using a high affinity CD 3 selective nanobiointerface preferentially isolated cells with strong surface marker expression. This means that our dynamic microfluidic cell purification method allows the enrichment of 773 CD 8 positive cytotoxic T cells out of a total blood cell population of 7728 PBMCs, which is an increase in cell enrichment of 8-fold with a purity of 85%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Vienna University of Technology , Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry & Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Frauenlob
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline Gutkas
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department of Life Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems , Dr. Karl Dorrekstrasse 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University Vienna , Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Kathrin Sinner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seta Küpcü
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Vienna University of Technology , Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry & Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Heinl S, Grabherr R. Systems biology of robustness and flexibility: Lactobacillus buchneri —A show case. J Biotechnol 2017; 257:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
29
|
Farci D, Esposito F, El Alaoui S, Piano D. S-layer proteins as a source of carotenoids: Isolation of the carotenoid cofactor deinoxanthin from its S-layer protein DR_2577. Food Res Int 2017; 99:868-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
30
|
Damiati S, Küpcü S, Peacock M, Eilenberger C, Zamzami M, Qadri I, Choudhry H, Sleytr UB, Schuster B. Acoustic and hybrid 3D-printed electrochemical biosensors for the real-time immunodetection of liver cancer cells (HepG2). Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:500-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
31
|
Dairy Propionibacteria: Versatile Probiotics. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020024. [PMID: 28505101 PMCID: PMC5488095 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy propionibacteria are used as cheese ripening starters, as biopreservative and as beneficial additives, in the food industry. The main species, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, is known as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe, USA, FDA). In addition to another dairy species, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, they are included in QPS (Qualified Presumption of Safety) list. Additional to their well-known technological application, dairy propionibacteria increasingly attract attention for their promising probiotic properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize the probiotic characteristics of dairy propionibacteria reported by the updated literature. Indeed, they meet the selection criteria for probiotic bacteria, such as the ability to endure digestive stressing conditions and to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. This is a prerequisite to bacterial persistence within the gut. The reported beneficial effects are ranked according to property’s type: microbiota modulation, immunomodulation, and cancer modulation. The proposed molecular mechanisms are discussed. Dairy propionibacteria are described as producers of nutraceuticals and beneficial metabolites that are responsible for their versatile probiotic attributes include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), conjugated fatty acids, surface proteins, and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphtoic acid (DHNA). These metabolites possess beneficial properties and their production depends on the strain and on the growth medium. The choice of the fermented food matrix may thus determine the probiotic properties of the ingested product. This review approaches dairy propionibacteria, with an interest in both technological abilities and probiotic attributes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Nagamune T. Biomolecular engineering for nanobio/bionanotechnology. NANO CONVERGENCE 2017; 4:9. [PMID: 28491487 PMCID: PMC5401866 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular engineering can be used to purposefully manipulate biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, within the framework of the relations among their structures, functions and properties, as well as their applicability to such areas as developing novel biomaterials, biosensing, bioimaging, and clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Nanotechnology can also be used to design and tune the sizes, shapes, properties and functionality of nanomaterials. As such, there are considerable overlaps between nanotechnology and biomolecular engineering, in that both are concerned with the structure and behavior of materials on the nanometer scale or smaller. Therefore, in combination with nanotechnology, biomolecular engineering is expected to open up new fields of nanobio/bionanotechnology and to contribute to the development of novel nanobiomaterials, nanobiodevices and nanobiosystems. This review highlights recent studies using engineered biological molecules (e.g., oligonucleotides, peptides, proteins, enzymes, polysaccharides, lipids, biological cofactors and ligands) combined with functional nanomaterials in nanobio/bionanotechnology applications, including therapeutics, diagnostics, biosensing, bioanalysis and biocatalysts. Furthermore, this review focuses on five areas of recent advances in biomolecular engineering: (a) nucleic acid engineering, (b) gene engineering, (c) protein engineering, (d) chemical and enzymatic conjugation technologies, and (e) linker engineering. Precisely engineered nanobiomaterials, nanobiodevices and nanobiosystems are anticipated to emerge as next-generation platforms for bioelectronics, biosensors, biocatalysts, molecular imaging modalities, biological actuators, and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
In Vitro Characterization of the Two-Stage Non-Classical Reassembly Pathway of S-Layers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020400. [PMID: 28216572 PMCID: PMC5343934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombinant bacterial surface layer (S-layer) protein rSbpA of Lysinibacillus sphaericus CCM 2177 is an ideal model system to study non-classical nucleation and growth of protein crystals at surfaces since the recrystallization process may be separated into two distinct steps: (i) adsorption of S-layer protein monomers on silicon surfaces is completed within 5 min and the amount of bound S-layer protein sufficient for the subsequent formation of a closed crystalline monolayer; (ii) the recrystallization process is triggered—after washing away the unbound S-layer protein—by the addition of a CaCl2 containing buffer solution, and completed after approximately 2 h. The entire self-assembly process including the formation of amorphous clusters, the subsequent transformation into crystalline monomolecular arrays, and finally crystal growth into extended lattices was investigated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, contact angle measurements showed that the surface properties of S-layers change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic as the crystallization proceeds. This two-step approach is new in basic and application driven S-layer research and, most likely, will have advantages for functionalizing surfaces (e.g., by spray-coating) with tailor-made biological sensing layers.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sciore A, Marsh ENG. Symmetry-Directed Design of Protein Cages and Protein Lattices and Their Applications. Subcell Biochem 2017; 83:195-224. [PMID: 28271478 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46503-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of individual protein subunits into large-scale structures is important in many biological contexts. Proteins may assemble into geometrical cages or extended lattices that are characterized by a high degree of symmetry; examples include viral capsids and bacterial S-layers. The precisely defined higher order structure exhibited by these assemblies has inspired efforts to design such structures de novo by applying the principles of symmetry evident in natural protein assemblies. Here we discuss progress towards this goal and also examples of natural protein cages and lattices that have been engineered to repurpose them towards a diverse range of applications in materials science and nano-medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Sciore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - E Neil G Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Malamud M, Carasi P, Bronsoms S, Trejo SA, Serradell MDLA. Lactobacillus kefiri shows inter-strain variations in the amino acid sequence of the S-layer proteins. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 110:515-530. [PMID: 28004217 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The S-layer is a proteinaceous envelope constituted by subunits that self-assemble to form a two-dimensional lattice that covers the surface of different species of Bacteria and Archaea, and it could be involved in cell recognition of microbes among other several distinct functions. In this work, both proteomic and genomic approaches were used to gain knowledge about the sequences of the S-layer protein (SLPs) encoding genes expressed by six aggregative and sixteen non-aggregative strains of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus kefiri. Peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) analysis confirmed the identity of SLPs extracted from L. kefiri, and based on the homology with phylogenetically related species, primers located outside and inside the SLP-genes were employed to amplify genomic DNA. The O-glycosylation site SASSAS was found in all L. kefiri SLPs. Ten strains were selected for sequencing of the complete genes. The total length of the mature proteins varies from 492 to 576 amino acids, and all SLPs have a calculated pI between 9.37 and 9.60. The N-terminal region is relatively conserved and shows a high percentage of positively charged amino acids. Major differences among strains are found in the C-terminal region. Different groups could be distinguished regarding the mature SLPs and the similarities observed in the PMF spectra. Interestingly, SLPs of the aggregative strains are 100% homologous, although these strains were isolated from different kefir grains. This knowledge provides relevant data for better understanding of the mechanisms involved in SLPs functionality and could contribute to the development of products of biotechnological interest from potentially probiotic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Malamud
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, CP 1900, La Plata, Argentina.,CCT-La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Carasi
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, CP 1900, La Plata, Argentina.,CCT-La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sílvia Bronsoms
- Unidad de Proteómica del Servicio de Proteómica y Biología Estructural (SePBioEs), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián A Trejo
- CCT-La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Proteómica del Servicio de Proteómica y Biología Estructural (SePBioEs), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María de Los Angeles Serradell
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, CP 1900, La Plata, Argentina. .,CCT-La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Florencio Varela, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Luo Q, Hou C, Bai Y, Wang R, Liu J. Protein Assembly: Versatile Approaches to Construct Highly Ordered Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13571-13632. [PMID: 27587089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature endows life with a wide variety of sophisticated, synergistic, and highly functional protein assemblies. Following Nature's inspiration to assemble protein building blocks into exquisite nanostructures is emerging as a fascinating research field. Dictating protein assembly to obtain highly ordered nanostructures and sophisticated functions not only provides a powerful tool to understand the natural protein assembly process but also offers access to advanced biomaterials. Over the past couple of decades, the field of protein assembly has undergone unexpected and rapid developments, and various innovative strategies have been proposed. This Review outlines recent advances in the field of protein assembly and summarizes several strategies, including biotechnological strategies, chemical strategies, and combinations of these approaches, for manipulating proteins to self-assemble into desired nanostructures. The emergent applications of protein assemblies as versatile platforms to design a wide variety of attractive functional materials with improved performances have also been discussed. The goal of this Review is to highlight the importance of this highly interdisciplinary field and to promote its growth in a diverse variety of research fields ranging from nanoscience and material science to synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chunxi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bacterial surface layer proteins as a novel capillary coating material for capillary electrophoretic separations. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 923:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
38
|
Lighezan L, Georgieva R, Neagu A. The secondary structure and the thermal unfolding parameters of the S-layer protein from Lactobacillus salivarius. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:491-509. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
Since the discovery that certain small viral membrane proteins, collectively termed as viroporins, can permeabilize host cellular membranes and also behave as ion channels, attempts have been made to link this feature to specific biological roles. In parallel, most viroporins identified so far are virulence factors, and interest has focused toward the discovery of channel inhibitors that would have a therapeutic effect, or be used as research tools to understand the biological roles of viroporin ion channel activity. However, this paradigm is being shifted by the difficulties inherent to small viral membrane proteins, and by the realization that protein-protein interactions and other diverse roles in the virus life cycle may represent an equal, if not, more important target. Therefore, although targeting the channel activity of viroporins can probably be therapeutically useful in some cases, the focus may shift to their other functions in following years. Small-molecule inhibitors have been mostly developed against the influenza A M2 (IAV M2 or AM2). This is not surprising since AM2 is the best characterized viroporin to date, with a well-established biological role in viral pathogenesis combined the most extensive structural investigations conducted, and has emerged as a validated drug target. For other viroporins, these studies are still mostly in their infancy, and together with those for AM2, are the subject of the present review.
Collapse
|
40
|
Raff J, Matys S, Suhr M, Vogel M, Günther T, Pollmann K. S-Layer-Based Nanocomposites for Industrial Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 940:245-279. [PMID: 27677516 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39196-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This chapter covers the fundamental aspects of bacterial S-layers: what are S-layers, what is known about them, and what are their main features that makes them so interesting for the production of nanostructures. After a detailed introduction of the paracrystalline protein lattices formed by S-layer systems in nature the chapter explores the engineering of S-layer-based materials. How can S-layers be used to produce "industry-ready" nanoscale bio-composite materials, and which kinds of nanomaterials are possible (e.g., nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle immobilization, and multifunctional coatings)? What are the advantages and disadvantages of S-layer-based composite materials? Finally, the chapter highlights the potential of these innovative bacterial biomolecules for future technologies in the fields of metal filtration, catalysis, and bio-functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Raff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sabine Matys
- Department of Processing, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Suhr
- Department of Processing, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Vogel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Günther
- Department of Processing, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Pollmann
- Department of Processing, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ucisik MH, Sleytr UB, Schuster B. Emulsomes meet S-layer proteins: an emerging targeted drug delivery system. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2015; 16:392-405. [PMID: 25697368 PMCID: PMC4460288 DOI: 10.2174/138920101604150218112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, the use of emulsomes as a drug delivery system is reviewed and compared with other similar lipidic nanoformulations. In particular, we look at surface modification of emulsomes using S-layer proteins, which are self-assembling proteins that cover the surface of many prokaryotic organisms. It has been shown that covering emulsomes with a crystalline S-layer lattice can protect cells from oxidative stress and membrane damage. In the future, the capability to recrystallize S-layer fusion proteins on lipidic nanoformulations may allow the presentation of binding functions or homing protein domains to achieve highly specific targeted delivery of drug-loaded emulsomes. Besides the discussion on several designs and advantages of composite emulsomes, the success of emulsomes for the delivery of drugs to fight against viral and fungal infections, dermal therapy, cancer, and autoimmunity is summarized. Further research might lead to smart, biocompatible emulsomes, which are able to protect and reduce the side effects caused by the drug, but at the same time are equipped with specific targeting molecules to find the desired site of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernhard Schuster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Ekinciler Cad. No.19, 34810 Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Matthaei JF, DiMaio F, Richards JJ, Pozzo LD, Baker D, Baneyx F. Designing Two-Dimensional Protein Arrays through Fusion of Multimers and Interface Mutations. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5235-5239. [PMID: 25986921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have combined fusion of oligomers with cyclic symmetry and alanine substitutions to eliminate clashes and produce proteins that self-assemble into 2-D arrays upon addition of calcium ions. Using TEM, AFM, small-angle X-ray scattering, and fluorescence microscopy, we show that the designed lattices which are 5 nm high with p3 space group symmetry and 7.25 nm periodicity self-assemble into structures that can exceed 100 μm in characteristic length. The versatile strategy, experimental approach, and hexagonal arrays described herein should prove valuable for the engineering of functional nanostructured materials in 2-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Matthaei
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 918195, United States
| | - Frank DiMaio
- ‡Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 918195, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Richards
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 918195, United States
| | - Lilo D Pozzo
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 918195, United States
| | - David Baker
- ‡Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 918195, United States
- §Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| | - François Baneyx
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 918195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The genus Geobacillus comprises a group of Gram-positive thermophilic bacteria, including obligate aerobes, denitrifiers, and facultative anaerobes that can grow over a range of 45-75°C. Originally classified as group five Bacillus spp., strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus came to prominence as contaminants of canned food and soon became the organism of choice for comparative studies of metabolism and enzymology between mesophiles and thermophiles. More recently, their catabolic versatility, particularly in the degradation of hemicellulose and starch, and rapid growth rates have raised their profile as organisms with potential for second-generation (lignocellulosic) biorefineries for biofuel or chemical production. The continued development of genetic tools to facilitate both fundamental investigation and metabolic engineering is now helping to realize this potential, for both metabolite production and optimized catabolism. In addition, this catabolic versatility provides a range of useful thermostable enzymes for industrial application. A number of genome-sequencing projects have been completed or are underway allowing comparative studies. These reveal a significant amount of genome rearrangement within the genus, the presence of large genomic islands encompassing all the hemicellulose utilization genes and a genomic island incorporating a set of long chain alkane monooxygenase genes. With G+C contents of 45-55%, thermostability appears to derive in part from the ability to synthesize protamine and spermine, which can condense DNA and raise its Tm.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ucisik MH, Küpcü S, Breitwieser A, Gelbmann N, Schuster B, Sleytr UB. S-layer fusion protein as a tool functionalizing emulsomes and CurcuEmulsomes for antibody binding and targeting. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:132-139. [PMID: 25734967 PMCID: PMC4406452 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective targeting of tumor cells by nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems is highly desirable because it maximizes the drug concentration at the desired target while simultaneously protecting the surrounding healthy tissues. Here, we show a design for smart nanocarriers based on a biomimetic approach that utilizes the building principle of virus envelope structures. Emulsomes and CurcuEmulsomes comprising a tripalmitin solid core surrounded by phospholipid layers are modified by S-layer proteins that self-assemble into a two-dimensional array to form a surface layer. One significant advantage of this nanoformulation is that it increases the solubility of the lipophilic anti-cancer agent curcumin in the CurcuEmulsomes by a factor of 2700. In order to make the emulsomes specific for IgG, the S-layer protein is fused with two protein G domains. This S-layer fusion protein preserves its recrystallization characteristics, forming an ordered surface layer (square lattice with 13 nm unit-by-unit distance). The GG domains are presented in a predicted orientation and exhibit a selective binding affinity for IgG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet H Ucisik
- Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Ekinciler Cad. No. 19 Kavacık Kavşağı, Beykoz 34810, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seta Küpcü
- Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Breitwieser
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Schuster
- Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe B Sleytr
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ladenhauf EM, Pum D, Wastl DS, Toca-Herrera JL, Phan NVH, Lieberzeit PA, Sleytr UB. S-layer based biomolecular imprinting. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AFM image of an S-layer protein array used for making molecular imprints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Ladenhauf
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
- Department of Nanobiotechnology
- Institute of Biophysics
- A-1190 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Dietmar Pum
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
- Department of Nanobiotechnology
- Institute of Biophysics
- A-1190 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Daniel S. Wastl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
- Department of Nanobiotechnology
- Institute of Biophysics
- A-1190 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Jose Luis Toca-Herrera
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
- Department of Nanobiotechnology
- Institute of Biophysics
- A-1190 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Nam V. H. Phan
- University of Vienna
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | | | - Uwe B. Sleytr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
- Department of Nanobiotechnology
- Institute of Biophysics
- A-1190 Vienna
- Austria
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Protein crystals have been functionalized for applications in preparation of inorganic materials, asymmetric catalysis and accumulation of functional compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Abe
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Midori-ku
- Japan
| | - Takafumi Ueno
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Midori-ku
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Production and cell surface display of recombinant anthrax protective antigen on the surface layer of attenuated Bacillus anthracis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 31:345-52. [PMID: 25504373 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the surface display of the anthrax protective antigen (PA) on attenuated Bacillus anthracis, a recombinant B. anthracis strain, named AP429 was constructed by integrating into the chromosome a translational fusion harboring the DNA fragments encoding the cell wall-targeting domain of the S-layer protein EA1 and the anthrax PA. Crerecombinase action at the loxP sites excised the antibiotic marker. Western blot analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that PA was successfully expressed on the S-layer of the recombinant antibiotic marker-free strain. Notwithstanding extensive proteolytic degradation of the hybrid protein SLHs-PA, quantitative ELISA revealed that approximately 8.1 × 10(6) molecules of SLHs-PA were gained from each Bacillus cell. Moreover, electron microscopy assay indicated that the typical S-layer structures could be clearly observed from the recombinant strain micrographs.
Collapse
|
48
|
Xue C, Zhang L, Fan R, Wang S, Li H, Luo X, Liu W, Song W. Protective action of S-layer proteins from Lactobacillus paracasei M7 against Salmonella infection and mediated inhibition of Salmonella-induced apoptosis. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
49
|
Settem RP, Honma K, Sharma A. Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria mitigates periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108030. [PMID: 25225799 PMCID: PMC4167248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. Periodontitis is caused by a select group of pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth. It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. Eradication of this pathogen is thus critical for the treatment of periodontitis. Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. In this study, we sought to determine if immune priming with such a Th17-biasing strain would elicit a productive neutrophil response against P. gingivalis. Our data show that inoculation with a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain is effective in blocking P. gingivalis-persistence and associated alveolar bone loss in mice. This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P. Settem
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Kiyonobu Honma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sleytr UB, Schuster B, Egelseer E, Pum D. S-layers: principles and applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:823-64. [PMID: 24483139 PMCID: PMC4232325 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monomolecular arrays of protein or glycoprotein subunits forming surface layers (S-layers) are one of the most commonly observed prokaryotic cell envelope components. S-layers are generally the most abundantly expressed proteins, have been observed in species of nearly every taxonomical group of walled bacteria, and represent an almost universal feature of archaeal envelopes. The isoporous lattices completely covering the cell surface provide organisms with various selection advantages including functioning as protective coats, molecular sieves and ion traps, as structures involved in surface recognition and cell adhesion, and as antifouling layers. S-layers are also identified to contribute to virulence when present as a structural component of pathogens. In Archaea, most of which possess S-layers as exclusive wall component, they are involved in determining cell shape and cell division. Studies on structure, chemistry, genetics, assembly, function, and evolutionary relationship of S-layers revealed considerable application potential in (nano)biotechnology, biomimetics, biomedicine, and synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe B. Sleytr
- Institute of BiophysicsDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard Schuster
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Eva‐Maria Egelseer
- Institute of BiophysicsDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Dietmar Pum
- Institute of BiophysicsDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|