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Arnesen JA, Belmonte Del Ama A, Jayachandran S, Dahlin J, Rago D, Andersen AJC, Borodina I. Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for the production of plant triterpenoids: Asiatic, madecassic, and arjunolic acids. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 14:e00197. [PMID: 35433265 PMCID: PMC9011116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several plant triterpenoids have valuable pharmaceutical properties, but their production and usage is limited since extraction from plants can burden natural resources, and result in low yields and purity. Here, we engineered oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce three valuable plant triterpenoids (asiatic, madecassic, and arjunolic acids) by fermentation. First, we established the recombinant production of precursors, ursolic and oleanolic acids, by expressing plant enzymes in free or fused versions in a Y. lipolytica strain previously optimized for squalene production. Engineered strains produced up to 11.6 mg/g DCW ursolic acid or 10.2 mg/g DCW oleanolic acid. The biosynthetic pathway from ursolic acid was extended by expressing the Centella asiatica cytochrome P450 monoxygenases CaCYP716C11p, CaCYP714E19p, and CaCYP716E41p, resulting in the production of trace amounts of asiatic acid and 0.12 mg/g DCW madecassic acid. Expressing the same C. asiatica cytochromes P450 in oleanolic acid-producing strain resulted in the production of oleanane triterpenoids. Expression of CaCYP716C11p in the oleanolic acid-producing strain yielded 8.9 mg/g DCW maslinic acid. Further expression of a codon-optimized CaCYP714E19p resulted in 4.4 mg/g DCW arjunolic acid. Lastly, arjunolic acid production was increased to 9.1 mg/g DCW by swapping the N-terminal domain of CaCYP714E19p with the N-terminal domain from a Kalopanax septemlobus cytochrome P450. In summary, we have demonstrated the production of asiatic, madecassic, and arjunolic acids in a microbial cell factory. The strains and fermentation processes need to be further improved before the production of these molecules by fermentation can be industrialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Asmund Arnesen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arian Belmonte Del Ama
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sidharth Jayachandran
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Dahlin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniela Rago
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aaron John Christian Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts plads 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Makarouni D, Kordulis C, Dourtoglou V. Solvent-Driven Selectivity on the One-Step Catalytic Synthesis of Manoyl Oxide Based on a Novel and Sustainable “Zeolite Catalyst–Solvent” System. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractApplication of a novel “zeolite catalyst–solvent” system for the sustainable one-step synthesis of the terpenoid manoyl oxide, the potential precursor of forskolin and ambrox. Manoyl oxide high-yield and large-scale production over a zeolite catalyst has been infeasible so far, while this system results in 90% yields at 135 °C and atmospheric pressure. Substrate-controlled methodology is used to achieve selectivity. Solvent-driven catalysis is shown, as the activation energy barrier decreases in the presence of appropriate solvents, being 62.7 and 93.46 kJmol−1 for a glyme-type solvent and dodecane, respectively. Finally, catalyst acidity is key parameter for the process.
Graphic Abstract
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3
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Chu L, Luo X, Zhu T, Cao Y, Zhang L, Deng Z, Gao J. Harnessing phosphonate antibiotics argolaphos biosynthesis enables a synthetic biology-based green synthesis of glyphosate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1736. [PMID: 35365617 PMCID: PMC8976061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide with an annual production of more than one million tons globally. Current commercialized production processes of glyphosate are generally associated with manufacturing hazards and toxic wastes. Recently, many countries have strengthened environmental supervision and law enforcement on glyphosate manufacturing. Therefore, a green source of glyphosate is required. Here, we characterize the genes required for producing aminomethylphosphonate (AMP), one of the intermediates in the biosynthesis of the potent antibiotics argolaphos. We apply a synthetic biology strategy to improve AMP production in Streptomyces lividans, with fermentation titers of 52 mg L-1, a 500-fold improvement over the original strain. Furthermore, we develop an efficient and practical chemical process for converting AMP to glyphosate. Our findings highlight one greenness-driven alternative in the production of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixia Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Luo
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science & Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Taoting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiangtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
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4
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Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. The Callus of Phaseolus coccineus and Glycine max Biotransform Flavanones into the Corresponding Flavones. Molecules 2020; 25:E5767. [PMID: 33297500 PMCID: PMC7730475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro plant cultures are gaining in industrial importance, especially as biocatalysts and as sources of secondary metabolites used in pharmacy. The idea that guided us in our research was to evaluate the biocatalytic potential of newly obtained callus tissue towards flavonoid compounds. In this publication, we describe new ways of using callus cultures in the biotransformations. In the first method, the callus cultures grown on a solid medium are transferred to the water, the reaction medium into which the substrate is introduced. In the second method, biotransformation is carried out on a solid medium by growing callus cultures. In the course of the research, we have shown that the callus obtained from Phaseolus coccineus and Glycine max is capable of converting flavanone, 5-methoxyflavanone and 6-methoxyflavanone into the corresponding flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dymarska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (T.J.); (E.K.-S.)
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Making brilliant colors by microorganisms. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Zhu J, Schwartz C, Wheeldon I. Controlled intracellular trafficking alleviates an expression bottleneck in S. cerevisiae ester biosynthesis. Metab Eng Commun 2018; 8:e00085. [PMID: 30622894 PMCID: PMC6317282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2018.e00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In metabolic engineering, most available pathway engineering strategies aim to control enzyme expression by making changes at the transcriptional level with an underlying assumption that translation and functional expression follow suit. In this work, we engineer expression of a key reaction step in medium chain ester biosynthesis that does not follow this common assumption. The native Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol acyltransferses Eeb1 and Eht1 condense acyl-CoAs with ethanol to produce the corresponding ester, a reaction that is rate limiting in engineering ester biosynthesis pathways. By changing the N- and C-termini of Eeb1 to those of Eht1, Eeb1 localization is changed from the mitochondria to lipid droplets. The change has no significant effect on transcription, but increases protein expression by 23-fold thus enabling a 3-fold increase in enzyme activity. This system demonstrates one example of the impact of protein trafficking on functional pathway expression, and will guide future metabolic engineering of ester biosynthesis and, potentially, other pathways with critical membrane-bound enzymes. Intracellular localization can control membrane-associated enzyme expression. Terminal domain swapping of Eht1 and Eeb1 alters intracellular localization. Eeb1 expression and activity are increased with lipid droplet targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Cory Schwartz
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Ian Wheeldon
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.,Center for Industrial Biotechnology, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Zha J, Zang Y, Mattozzi M, Plassmeier J, Gupta M, Wu X, Clarkson S, Koffas MAG. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for anthocyanin production. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:143. [PMID: 30217197 PMCID: PMC6138892 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthocyanins such as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) have wide applications in industry as food colorants. Their current production heavily relies on extraction from plant tissues. Development of a sustainable method to produce anthocyanins is of considerable interest for industrial use. Previously, E. coli-based microbial production of anthocyanins has been investigated extensively. However, safety concerns on E. coli call for the adoption of a safe production host. In the present study, a GRAS bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, was introduced as the host strain to synthesize C3G. We adopted stepwise metabolic engineering strategies to improve the production titer of C3G. Results Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) from Petunia hybrida and 3-O-glucosyltransferase (3GT) from Arabidopsis thaliana were coexpressed in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 to drive the conversion from catechin to C3G. Optimized expression of ANS and 3GT improved the C3G titer by 1- to 15-fold. Further process optimization and improvement of UDP-glucose availability led to ~ 40 mg/L C3G production, representing a > 100-fold titer increase compared to production in the un-engineered, un-optimized starting strain. Conclusions For the first time, we successfully achieved the production of the specialty anthocyanin C3G from the comparatively inexpensive flavonoid precursor catechin in C. glutamicum. This study opens up more possibility of C. glutamicum as a host microbe for the biosynthesis of useful and value-added natural compounds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0990-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Ying Zang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | | | | | - Mamta Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Department of Environmental Sciences, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144 001, India
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | | | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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8
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Espinosa-Leal CA, Puente-Garza CA, García-Lara S. In vitro plant tissue culture: means for production of biological active compounds. PLANTA 2018; 248:1-18. [PMID: 29736623 PMCID: PMC7088179 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Plant tissue culture as an important tool for the continuous production of active compounds including secondary metabolites and engineered molecules. Novel methods (gene editing, abiotic stress) can improve the technique. Humans have a long history of reliance on plants for a supply of food, shelter and, most importantly, medicine. Current-day pharmaceuticals are typically based on plant-derived metabolites, with new products being discovered constantly. Nevertheless, the consistent and uniform supply of plant pharmaceuticals has often been compromised. One alternative for the production of important plant active compounds is in vitro plant tissue culture, as it assures independence from geographical conditions by eliminating the need to rely on wild plants. Plant transformation also allows the further use of plants for the production of engineered compounds, such as vaccines and multiple pharmaceuticals. This review summarizes the important bioactive compounds currently produced by plant tissue culture and the fundamental methods and plants employed for their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Espinosa-Leal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - César A Puente-Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Silverio García-Lara
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, NL, México.
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9
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Lim HG, Lee JH, Noh MH, Jung GY. Rediscovering Acetate Metabolism: Its Potential Sources and Utilization for Biobased Transformation into Value-Added Chemicals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3998-4006. [PMID: 29637770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the great advantages of microbial fermentation is the capacity to convert various carbon compounds into value-added chemicals. In this regard, there have been many efforts to engineer microorganisms to facilitate utilization of abundant carbon sources. Recently, the potential of acetate as a feedstock has been discovered; efforts have been made to produce various biochemicals from acetate based on understanding of its metabolism. In this review, we discuss the potential sources of acetate and summarized the recent progress to improve acetate utilization with microorganisms. Furthermore, we also describe representative studies that engineered microorganisms for the production of biochemicals from acetate.
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10
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Chouhan S, Sharma K, Zha J, Guleria S, Koffas MAG. Recent Advances in the Recombinant Biosynthesis of Polyphenols. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2259. [PMID: 29201020 PMCID: PMC5696593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are the source of various natural compounds with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical importance which have shown numerous health benefits with relatively fewer side effects. However, extraction of these compounds from native producers cannot meet the ever-increasing demands of the growing population due to, among other things, the limited production of the active compound(s). Their production depends upon the metabolic demands of the plant and is also subjected to environmental conditions, abundance of crop species and seasonal variations. Moreover, their extraction from plants requires complex downstream processing and can also lead to the extinction of many useful plant varieties. Microbial engineering is one of the alternative approaches which can meet the global demand for natural products in an eco-friendly manner. Metabolic engineering of microbes or pathway reconstruction using synthetic biology tools and novel enzymes lead to the generation of a diversity of compounds (like flavonoids, stilbenes, anthocyanins etc.) and their natural and non-natural derivatives. Strain and pathway optimization, pathway regulation and tolerance engineering have produced microbial cell factories into which the metabolic pathway of plants can be introduced for the production of compounds of interest on an industrial scale in an economical and eco-friendly way. While microbial production of phytochemicals needs to further increase product titer if it is ever to become a commercial success. The present review covers the advancements made for the improvement of microbial cell factories in order to increase the product titer of recombinant polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Chouhan
- Natural Product Laboratory, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Natural Product Laboratory, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Jian Zha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Sanjay Guleria
- Natural Product Laboratory, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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11
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Zha J, Koffas MAG. Production of anthocyanins in metabolically engineered microorganisms: Current status and perspectives. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:259-266. [PMID: 29552650 PMCID: PMC5851914 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial production of plant-derived natural products by engineered microorganisms has achieved great success thanks to large extend to metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Anthocyanins, the water-soluble colored pigments found in terrestrial plants that are responsible for the red, blue and purple coloration of many flowers and fruits, are extensively used in food and cosmetics industry; however, their current supply heavily relies on complex extraction from plant-based materials. A promising alternative is their sustainable production in metabolically engineered microbes. Here, we review the recent progress on anthocyanin biosynthesis in engineered bacteria, with a special focus on the systematic engineering modifications such as selection and engineering of biosynthetic enzymes, engineering of transportation, regulation of UDP-glucose supply, as well as process optimization. These promising engineering strategies will facilitate successful microbial production of anthocyanins in industry in the near future.
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Key Words
- 4CL, 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase
- ANS, anthocyanidin synthase
- Anthocyanin
- CHI, chalcone isomerase
- CHS, chalcone synthase
- DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase
- DSSC, dye-sensitized solar cell
- Enzyme engineering
- F3GT, flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase
- F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase
- F3′5′H, flavonoid 3′, 5′-hydroxylase
- F3′H, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase
- FGT, flavonoid glucosyltransferase
- Metabolic engineering
- Microbial production
- UV, ultraviolet
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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Pateraki I, Andersen-Ranberg J, Jensen NB, Wubshet SG, Heskes AM, Forman V, Hallström B, Hamberger B, Motawia MS, Olsen CE, Staerk D, Hansen J, Møller BL, Hamberger B. Total biosynthesis of the cyclic AMP booster forskolin from Coleus forskohlii. eLife 2017; 6:e23001. [PMID: 28290983 PMCID: PMC5388535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Forskolin is a unique structurally complex labdane-type diterpenoid used in the treatment of glaucoma and heart failure based on its activity as a cyclic AMP booster. Commercial production of forskolin relies exclusively on extraction from its only known natural source, the plant Coleus forskohlii, in which forskolin accumulates in the root cork. Here, we report the discovery of five cytochrome P450s and two acetyltransferases which catalyze a cascade of reactions converting the forskolin precursor 13R-manoyl oxide into forskolin and a diverse array of additional labdane-type diterpenoids. A minimal set of three P450s in combination with a single acetyl transferase was identified that catalyzes the conversion of 13R-manoyl oxide into forskolin as demonstrated by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The entire pathway for forskolin production from glucose encompassing expression of nine genes was stably integrated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae and afforded forskolin titers of 40 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Pateraki
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allison Maree Heskes
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victor Forman
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britta Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Saddik Motawia
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cress BF, Leitz QD, Kim DC, Amore TD, Suzuki JY, Linhardt RJ, Koffas MAG. CRISPRi-mediated metabolic engineering of E. coli for O-methylated anthocyanin production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:10. [PMID: 28095853 PMCID: PMC5240198 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthocyanins are a class of brightly colored, glycosylated flavonoid pigments that imbue their flower and fruit host tissues with hues of predominantly red, orange, purple, and blue. Although all anthocyanins exhibit pH-responsive photochemical changes, distinct structural decorations on the core anthocyanin skeleton also cause dramatic color shifts, in addition to improved stabilities and unique pharmacological properties. In this work, we report for the first time the extension of the reconstituted plant anthocyanin pathway from (+)-catechin to O-methylated anthocyanins in a microbial production system, an effort which requires simultaneous co-option of the endogenous metabolites UDP-glucose and S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM or AdoMet). Results Anthocyanin O-methyltransferase (AOMT) orthologs from various plant sources were co-expressed in Escherichia coli with Petunia hybrida anthocyanidin synthase (PhANS) and Arabidopsis thaliana anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (At3GT). Vitis vinifera AOMT (VvAOMT1) and fragrant cyclamen ‘Kaori-no-mai’ AOMT (CkmOMT2) were found to be the most effective AOMTs for production of the 3′-O-methylated product peonidin 3-O-glucoside (P3G), attaining the highest titers at 2.4 and 2.7 mg/L, respectively. Following modulation of plasmid copy number and optimization of VvAOMT1 and CkmOMT2 expression conditions, production was further improved to 23 mg/L using VvAOMT1. Finally, CRISPRi was utilized to silence the transcriptional repressor MetJ in order to deregulate the methionine biosynthetic pathway and improve SAM availability for O-methylation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G), the biosynthetic precursor to P3G. MetJ repression led to a final titer of 51 mg/L (56 mg/L upon scale-up to shake flask), representing a twofold improvement over the non-targeting CRISPRi control strain and 21-fold improvement overall. Conclusions An E. coli strain was engineered for production of the specialty anthocyanin P3G using the abundant and comparatively inexpensive flavonol precursor, (+)-catechin. Furthermore, dCas9-mediated transcriptional repression of metJ alleviated a limiting SAM pool size, enhancing titers of the methylated anthocyanin product. While microbial production of P3G and other O-methylated anthocyanin pigments will likely be valuable to the food industry as natural food and beverage colorants, we expect that the strain constructed here will also prove useful to the ornamental plant industry as a platform for evaluating putative anthocyanin O-methyltransferases in pursuit of bespoke flower pigment compositions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0623-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady F Cress
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 4005D, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Quentin D Leitz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 4005D, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Daniel C Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 4005D, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Teresita D Amore
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Jon Y Suzuki
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 4005D, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 4005D, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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Guleria S, Zhou J, Koffas MA. Nutraceuticals (Vitamin C, Carotenoids, Resveratrol). Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807833.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Guleria
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology; Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences; Main Campus Chatha Jammu 180 009 India
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Jiangnan University; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Mattheos A.G. Koffas
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; 110 8th Street Troy NY 12180 USA
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15
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Pandey RP, Parajuli P, Koffas MA, Sohng JK. Microbial production of natural and non-natural flavonoids: Pathway engineering, directed evolution and systems/synthetic biology. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:634-662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Zhao Q, Xu W, Xing L, Lin Z. Recombinant production of medium- to large-sized peptides in Escherichia coli using a cleavable self-aggregating tag. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:136. [PMID: 27495238 PMCID: PMC4975908 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peptides have recently become attractive for therapeutic applications. However, efficient production of medium- to large-sized peptides (30–100 amino acids [aa]) remains challenging both by recombinant and chemical synthesis. We previously reported the formation of active enzyme aggregates in Escherichia coli cells induced by the short β-structured peptide ELK16 (LELELKLKLELELKLK) and developed a streamlined protein expression and purification approach. In this approach, a cleavable self-aggregating tag (cSAT) consisting of an intein molecule and ELK16 was used to release the recombinant peptides with reasonable purity from active aggregates. Results In this work, we extended the cSAT approach to a generalized expression and purification solution for a set of medium- to large-sized peptides with important therapeutic uses, including human glucagon-like peptide 1 (31 aa), B-type natriuretic peptide (32 aa), exendin 4 (39 aa), chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 5 (also known as RANTES, 66 aa), stromal cell-derived factor 1α (67 aa), insulin-like growth factor 1 (70 aa), and leptin (146 aa). After intein-mediated cleavage, the soluble peptides were released directly into the supernatant while insoluble peptides could be refolded and purified by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, an N-terminal thioredoxin tag was added upstream of the target peptides, which can be removed by enterokinase cleavage, generating native N-terminus for target peptides. Final yields of the peptides ranged from 0.1 to 1.8 μg/mg wet cell weight at laboratory scale. Conclusions The approach described in this study provides a fast and efficient route to express and purify peptides that are difficult or expensive to produce by chemical synthesis or by ordinary recombinant methods. It is particularly well suited for large peptides, peptides likely to be degraded, and peptides that have toxic effects on the host. It can greatly reduce the cost and time of downstream processing, and thus may be useful for both industrial manufacture and laboratory applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0534-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, One Tsinghua Garden Road, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wanghui Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, One Tsinghua Garden Road, Beijing, 100084, China.,, Novozymes, China Headquarters, 14 Xinxi Road, Shangdi Zone, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, One Tsinghua Garden Road, Beijing, 100084, China.,China National Petroleum & Chemical Planning Institute, 16th Floor, 7 Block, Hepingli Zone, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Zhanglin Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, One Tsinghua Garden Road, Beijing, 100084, China.
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17
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Zhang X, Khalidi O, Kim SY, Wang R, Schultz V, Cress BF, Gross RA, Koffas MAG, Linhardt RJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone derivatives as antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3089-3092. [PMID: 27210435 PMCID: PMC7927313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone derivatives were efficiently synthesized. Their antimicrobial efficacy on Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and yeast were evaluated. Among these compounds, most of the halogenated derivatives exhibited the best antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The cytotoxicities of these compounds were low as evaluated on HepG2 cells using a cell viability assay. This study suggests that halogenated flavanones might represent promising pharmacological candidates for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Omar Khalidi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - So Young Kim
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ruitong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Victor Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Brady F Cress
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Richard A Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Linder T, Wawrosch C, Uhrin P, Temml V, Wang L, Schwaiger S, Heiss EH, Rollinger JM, Schuster D, Breuss JM, Bochkov V, Mihovilovic MD, Kopp B, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Stuppner H. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1582-1614. [PMID: 26281720 PMCID: PMC4748402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1325] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have historically proven their value as a source of molecules with therapeutic potential, and nowadays still represent an important pool for the identification of novel drug leads. In the past decades, pharmaceutical industry focused mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as drug discovery source. They are comparably easy to produce and resupply, and demonstrate good compatibility with established high throughput screening (HTS) platforms. However, at the same time there has been a declining trend in the number of new drugs reaching the market, raising renewed scientific interest in drug discovery from natural sources, despite of its known challenges. In this survey, a brief outline of historical development is provided together with a comprehensive overview of used approaches and recent developments relevant to plant-derived natural product drug discovery. Associated challenges and major strengths of natural product-based drug discovery are critically discussed. A snapshot of the advanced plant-derived natural products that are currently in actively recruiting clinical trials is also presented. Importantly, the transition of a natural compound from a "screening hit" through a "drug lead" to a "marketed drug" is associated with increasingly challenging demands for compound amount, which often cannot be met by re-isolation from the respective plant sources. In this regard, existing alternatives for resupply are also discussed, including different biotechnology approaches and total organic synthesis. While the intrinsic complexity of natural product-based drug discovery necessitates highly integrated interdisciplinary approaches, the reviewed scientific developments, recent technological advances, and research trends clearly indicate that natural products will be among the most important sources of new drugs also in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Linder
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wawrosch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M. Breuss
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhang G, Cao Q, Liu J, Liu B, Li J, Li C. Refactoring β-amyrin synthesis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genlin Zhang
- School of Life Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832000 China
| | - Qian Cao
- School of Life Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jingzhu Liu
- School of Life Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Baiyang Liu
- School of Life Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Life Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Life Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
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20
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Ronda C, Maury J, Jakočiunas T, Jacobsen SAB, Germann SM, Harrison SJ, Borodina I, Keasling JD, Jensen MK, Nielsen AT. CrEdit: CRISPR mediated multi-loci gene integration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:97. [PMID: 26148499 PMCID: PMC4492099 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the bottlenecks in production of biochemicals and pharmaceuticals in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is stable and homogeneous expression of pathway genes. Integration of genes into the genome of the production organism is often a preferred option when compared to expression from episomal vectors. Existing approaches for achieving stable simultaneous genome integrations of multiple DNA fragments often result in relatively low integration efficiencies and furthermore rely on the use of selection markers. RESULTS Here, we have developed a novel method, CrEdit (CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome Editing), which utilizes targeted double strand breaks caused by CRISPR/Cas9 to significantly increase the efficiency of homologous integration in order to edit and manipulate genomic DNA. Using CrEdit, the efficiency and locus specificity of targeted genome integrations reach close to 100% for single gene integration using short homology arms down to 60 base pairs both with and without selection. This enables direct and cost efficient inclusion of homology arms in PCR primers. As a proof of concept, a non-native β-carotene pathway was reconstructed in S. cerevisiae by simultaneous integration of three pathway genes into individual intergenic genomic sites. Using longer homology arms, we demonstrate highly efficient and locus-specific genome integration even without selection with up to 84% correct clones for simultaneous integration of three gene expression cassettes. CONCLUSIONS The CrEdit approach enables fast and cost effective genome integration for engineering of S. cerevisiae. Since the choice of the targeting sites is flexible, CrEdit is a powerful tool for diverse genome engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ronda
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Jérôme Maury
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Tadas Jakočiunas
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Simo Abdessamad Baallal Jacobsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Manuela Germann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Scott James Harrison
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Jay D Keasling
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Michael Krogh Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Alex Toftgaard Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Allé 6, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
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Development of a Recombinant Escherichia coli Strain for Overproduction of the Plant Pigment Anthocyanin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6276-84. [PMID: 26150456 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01448-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble colored pigments found in terrestrial plants and are responsible for the red, blue, and purple coloration of many flowers and fruits. In addition to the plethora of health benefits associated with anthocyanins (cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiaging properties), these compounds have attracted widespread attention due to their promising potential as natural food colorants. Previously, we reported the biotransformation of anthocyanin, specifically cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G), from the substrate (+)-catechin in Escherichia coli. In the present work, we set out to systematically improve C3G titers by enhancing substrate and precursor availability, balancing gene expression level, and optimizing cultivation and induction parameters. We first identified E. coli transporter proteins that are responsible for the uptake of catechin and secretion of C3G. We then improved the expression of the heterologous pathway enzymes anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and 3-O-glycosyltransferase (3GT) using a bicistronic expression cassette. Next, we augmented the intracellular availability of the critical precursor UDP-glucose, which has been known as the rate-limiting precursor to produce glucoside compounds. Further optimization of culture and induction conditions led to a final titer of 350 mg/liter of C3G. We also developed a convenient colorimetric assay for easy screening of C3G overproducers. The work reported here constitutes a promising foundation to develop a cost-effective process for large-scale production of plant-derived anthocyanin from recombinant microorganisms.
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DeLoache WC, Russ ZN, Narcross L, Gonzales AM, Martin VJJ, Dueber JE. An enzyme-coupled biosensor enables (S)-reticuline production in yeast from glucose. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:465-71. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Trantas EA, Koffas MAG, Xu P, Ververidis F. When plants produce not enough or at all: metabolic engineering of flavonoids in microbial hosts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:7. [PMID: 25688249 PMCID: PMC4310283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the discovery that flavonoids are directly or indirectly connected to health, flavonoid metabolism and its fascinating molecules that are natural products in plants, have attracted the attention of both the industry and researchers involved in plant science, nutrition, bio/chemistry, chemical bioengineering, pharmacy, medicine, etc. Subsequently, in the past few years, flavonoids became a top story in the pharmaceutical industry, which is continually seeking novel ways to produce safe and efficient drugs. Microbial cell cultures can act as workhorse bio-factories by offering their metabolic machinery for the purpose of optimizing the conditions and increasing the productivity of a selective flavonoid. Furthermore, metabolic engineering methodology is used to reinforce what nature does best by correcting the inadequacies and dead-ends of a metabolic pathway. Combinatorial biosynthesis techniques led to the discovery of novel ways of producing natural and even unnatural plant flavonoids, while, in addition, metabolic engineering provided the industry with the opportunity to invest in synthetic biology in order to overcome the currently existing restricted diversification and productivity issues in synthetic chemistry protocols. In this review, is presented an update on the rationalized approaches to the production of natural or unnatural flavonoids through biotechnology, analyzing the significance of combinatorial biosynthesis of agricultural/pharmaceutical compounds produced in heterologous organisms. Also mentioned are strategies and achievements that have so far thrived in the area of synthetic biology, with an emphasis on metabolic engineering targeting the cellular optimization of microorganisms and plants that produce flavonoids, while stressing the advances in flux dynamic control and optimization. Finally, the involvement of the rapidly increasing numbers of assembled genomes that contribute to the gene- or pathway-mining in order to identify the gene(s) responsible for producing species-specific secondary metabolites is also considered herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil A. Trantas
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Food Technology, Technological and Educational Institute of CreteHeraklion, Greece
| | - Mattheos A. G. Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy, NY, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA, USA
| | - Filippos Ververidis
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Food Technology, Technological and Educational Institute of CreteHeraklion, Greece
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Ignea C, Trikka FA, Nikolaidis AK, Georgantea P, Ioannou E, Loupassaki S, Kefalas P, Kanellis AK, Roussis V, Makris AM, Kampranis SC. Efficient diterpene production in yeast by engineering Erg20p into a geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase. Metab Eng 2015; 27:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Synthetic biology is a relatively new field with the key aim of designing and constructing biological systems with novel functionalities. Today, synthetic biology devices are making their first steps in contributing new solutions to a number of biomedical challenges, such as emerging bacterial antibiotic resistance and cancer therapy. This review discusses some synthetic biology approaches and applications that were recently used in disease mechanism investigation and disease modeling, drug discovery and production, as well as vaccine development and treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanar Abil
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Lin Y, Sun X, Yuan Q, Yan Y. Engineering bacterial phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase for microbial synthesis of human neurotransmitter precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. ACS Synth Biol 2014; 3:497-505. [PMID: 24936877 DOI: 10.1021/sb5002505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a drug that is clinically effective against depression, insomnia, obesity, chronic headaches, etc. It is only commercially produced by the extraction from the seeds of Griffonia simplicifolia because of a lack of synthetic methods. Here, we report the efficient microbial production of 5-HTP via combinatorial protein and metabolic engineering approaches. First, we reconstituted and screened prokaryotic phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase activity in Escherichia coli. Then, sequence- and structure-based protein engineering dramatically shifted its substrate preference, allowing for efficient conversion of tryptophan to 5-HTP. Importantly, E. coli endogenous tetrahydromonapterin (MH4) could be utilized as the coenzyme, when a foreign MH4 recycling mechanism was introduced. Whole-cell bioconversion allowed the high-level production of 5-HTP (1.1-1.2 g/L) from tryptophan in shake flasks. On this basis, metabolic engineering efforts were further made to achieve the de novo 5-HTP biosynthesis from glucose. This work not only holds great scale-up potential but also demonstrates a strategy for expanding the native metabolism of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Lin
- College
of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- BioChemical
Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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