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Costello MA, Pettit C, Hellwig AF, Hunt GL, Bailey NA, Allen JP. Adolescent social learning within supportive friendships: Self-disclosure and relationship quality from adolescence to adulthood. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:805-817. [PMID: 38650089 PMCID: PMC11349471 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study examines links between self-disclosure and relationship quality with close friends from adolescence to adulthood. A diverse community sample of adolescents (N = 184) participated in survey and observational measures annually from ages 13 through 29, along with their close friends and romantic partners. Random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RICLPM) was used to parse markers of within-individual change from age 13 to 18. Long-term longitudinal path models also investigated cascading associations among self-disclosure and relationship quality, on aggregate, from adolescence to adulthood. Adolescents who reported a higher-quality friendship in a given year demonstrated greater-than-expected increases in self-disclosure the following year, and an adolescent demonstrated high self-disclosure one year reported greater-than-expected increases in friendship quality the following year. Higher mean self-disclosure in adolescence predicted higher mean self-disclosure in adulthood. Results are interpreted as identifying high-quality adolescent friendships as key contexts for developing intimacy-building capacities (i.e. self-disclosure), which sets the stage for satisfying close relationships in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corey Pettit
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Soldatova G, Chigarkova S, Rasskazova E. Collisions and Perceptions of Cyberbullying: Comparison of Intergenerational Experiences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1148. [PMID: 39338031 PMCID: PMC11431141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21091148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
With regard to negative consequences, cyberbullying is recognized as one of the most traumatic types of cyber aggression. The aim is to study the specific features of adolescents and youth's cyberbullying experience in the role of an aggressor, victim or bystander, as well as awareness on the part of parents of adolescents. A total of 3395 adolescents, youth and parents filled out specially designed questionnaires. Older adolescents turned out to be at higher risk of cyberbullying. In two-thirds of cases, cyberbullying is related to real-life incidents. Aggressors are motivated by domination and entertainment, primarily employing strategies of social exclusion, harassment and denigration. As victims of cyberbullying, younger adolescents turn to their parents and friends for social support, whereas older adolescents and young adults are more likely turn to their peers. In the role of a bystander, almost half of younger adolescents and about a third of older adolescents and young adults choose the prosocial strategy of protecting a victim. The parents often underestimate the experience of encountering cyberbullying or find it difficult to assess such experience. The identified risk groups and strategies and the lack of parents' awareness are important to take into account when drawing up cyberbullying prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Soldatova
- Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Chigarkova
- Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Rasskazova
- Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Zhao C, Ding H, Du M, Yu Y, Chen JH, Wu AMS, Wang DB, Du M, Chen Y, Luo Q, Yin X, Chen B, Lu P, Lau JTF, Zhang G. The Vicious Cycle between Loneliness and Problematic Smartphone Use among Adolescents: A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1428-1440. [PMID: 38555341 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the psychological impacts of digital technology, the nuanced dynamics between adolescent loneliness and problematic smartphone use, particularly across different educational levels and genders, remain underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by employing a Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model to dissect the bidirectional relationship between loneliness and problematic smartphone use among adolescents, with a focus on the moderating roles of educational levels and gender. Engaging 3132 students from various educational institutions in China, the research conducted a three-wave longitudinal analysis across 2022-2023. The final number of participants included 1120 adolescents (53.5% female; age in 2022: M = 14.57 years, SD = 1.57). Results reveal that loneliness significantly predicts problematic smartphone use, but not vice versa, highlighting a unidirectional influence. The study uncovers crucial differences across educational levels and gender, emphasizing the stronger effect of loneliness on problematic smartphone use among junior high students and female adolescents. These findings underscore the complexity of adolescent loneliness and its relationship with digital behavior, suggesting a need for tailored interventions considering both gender and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjia Zhao
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Ding
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxuan Du
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Anise Man-Sze Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Debora Baofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengni Du
- Teaching and Research Center, Bureau of Education, Linhai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiujiao Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bingru Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Dianiska RE, Simpson E, Quas JA. Rapport building with adolescents to enhance reporting and disclosure. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 238:105799. [PMID: 37862787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents comprise a vulnerable population that is exposed to crime and also may be reluctant to disclose full details of their experiences. Little research has addressed effective ways of increasing their willingness to disclose and provide complete reports. Strategies that improve honesty and report completeness in other age groups have not been evaluated to determine whether they are similarly effective at increasing adolescents' reporting. In the current study, we tested whether rapport building techniques, modified from those commonly used with children and adults to address reasons why adolescents are likely reluctant, enhance the amount of detail adolescents provide about prior experiences. The participants, 14- to 19-year-olds (N = 125), completed an online questionnaire regarding significant events (e.g., big argument with family member) they experienced during the last 12 months. After a delay, they completed a remote interview asking them to recount details of one of the events. The interview began with either standard rapport building composed of largely yes/no questions about the adolescents' background or one of two expanded rapport building phases: open-ended (questions about the adolescents' backgrounds that required narrative answers) or enhanced (open-ended questions paired with the interviewer also sharing personal information). Although only adolescents in the standard condition showed age-related increases in information disclosed, overall adolescents in the enhanced condition provided significantly longer and more detailed narratives than adolescents in the other conditions. This effect was largest for the youngest adolescents, suggesting that mutual self-disclosure may be especially beneficial for eliciting honest complete reports from adolescents about salient prior experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Dianiska
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92597, USA.
| | - Emma Simpson
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92597, USA
| | - Jodi A Quas
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92597, USA.
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Shame, depression, and complicated grief among suicide loss-survivors: the moderating role of self-disclosure. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2182820. [PMID: 37052086 PMCID: PMC9987731 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2182820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Suicide-loss survivors (SLSs) are recognised as an at-risk population for several psychiatric complications, including complicated grief (CG) and depression (SI). However, whereas shame is known as one of the characteristics of this population, knowledge about possible psychological processes which may moderate the contribution of shame levels to CG and depression in the aftermath of suicide loss is sparse. This study examines the role of self-disclosure - the inclination to share personal information with others - as a possible moderator of the associations of shame with CG and shame with depression over time.Method: Participants were 152 suicide-loss survivors, aged 18-70, who completed questionnaires tapping CG and depression at three time points (T1- index measurement, T2-two years after T1. and T3-four years after T1) and questionnaires tapping shame and SD at T3.Results: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that shame significantly and positively contributed to CG at T3 and to depression at T3, beyond the CG/depression trajectories. Notably, two significant interactions were found: Self-disclosure moderated the contribution of shame to CG at T3 and to depression at T3. At lower self-disclosure levels, shame's contribution to CG and depression was higher.Conclusion: The study's findings highlight shame as a significant facilitator of CG and depression in the aftermath of suicide loss. Moreover, the role of interpersonal interaction on SLSs' distress levels and grieving process was underscored, as this interaction may serve as a buffer against the deleterious sequelae of the suicide of a loved one.
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Shabahang R, Shim H, Aruguete MS, Zsila Á. Adolescent sadfishing on social media: anxiety, depression, attention seeking, and lack of perceived social support as potential contributors. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:378. [PMID: 37936212 PMCID: PMC10631130 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympathy-seeking negative online self-disclosure, or "sadfishing," has proliferated in social media. This study investigates sadfishing by developing and validating a brief self-report questionnaire of the construct and exploring potential psychological correlates. METHODS A total of 345 Iranian adolescent social media users (Mage = 16.29, SDage = 1.52) participated in the study. Participants completed the newly constructed Social Media Sadfishing Questionnaire, in addition to measures of anxiety, depression, attention seeking, perceived social support, and social media use integration. RESULTS Factor analyses revealed a unidimensional structure of the 5-item Social Media Sadfishing Questionnaire. The questionnaire yielded sound construct validity and internal consistency. Anxiety, depression, and attention seeking were positively associated with sadfishing, while perceived social support from family and friends was negatively associated with sadfishing. Negative online reactions to sadfishing were rare. Boys reported higher sadfishing tendencies than girls at age 12; however, sadfishing in boys declined at a higher rate than in girls with age. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that negative affect and attention seeking, combined with feelings of low social support, can be associated with adolescent sadfishing on social media. The quantitative results shed new light on the contribution of psychosocial factors to sadfishing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyejin Shim
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | | | - Ágnes Zsila
- Institute of Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Chochol MD, Gandhi K, Croarkin PE. Social Media and Anxiety in Youth: A Narrative Review and Clinical Update. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:613-630. [PMID: 37201971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Social media use and related research on psychiatric symptoms continue to increase and evolve rapidly. The potential bidirectional relationships and correlations between social media use and anxiety seem to be understudied. We examine prior research focused on social media use and anxiety disorders, and thus far, correlations have been weak. Nevertheless, these associations may be poorly understood but important. Fear of missing out has been considered a moderator in earlier research. We discuss the limitations of previous research, guidance for clinicians and caregivers, and challenges for future studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Chochol
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Kriti Gandhi
- Department of Psychiatry, Children's National Hospital, Takoma Theatre, 6833 4th Street NW, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Liu L, Zhang T, Han L. Positive Self-Disclosure on Social Network Sites and Adolescents' Friendship Quality: The Mediating Role of Positive Feedback and the Moderating Role of Social Anxiety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3444. [PMID: 36834137 PMCID: PMC9963265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current information age, SNSs (Social Network Sites) have been popular among young adolescents, and have also become a main manner to maintain social relationships. Against this background, based on relevant evidence, the present study aimed to examine the association between positive self-disclosure on SNSs and adolescents' friendship quality, as well as the underlying mechanism-the potential mediating role of perceived positive feedback and the moderating role of social anxiety. A sample of 1713 adolescents aged 11 to 19 was recruited to participate in this study, to complete a set of scales. Results indicated that positive self-disclosure on SNSs was positively associated with adolescents' friendship quality, and positive feedback significantly mediated the association between self-disclosure positivity and friendship quality. This mediating effect, moderated by social anxiety, could significantly moderate the mediating effect of positive feedback; specifically, compared with higher social anxiety adolescents, the association between positive self-disclosure and positive feedback was stronger among individuals with lower social anxiety. These findings may expand previous studies, with several theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Liu
- School of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lei Han
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Thorn P, La Sala L, Hetrick S, Rice S, Lamblin M, Robinson J. Motivations and perceived harms and benefits of online communication about self-harm: An interview study with young people. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231176689. [PMID: 37252260 PMCID: PMC10214072 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231176689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-harm behaviour is prevalent among young people and online communication about self-harm is frequent. These online communications are associated with potential harms and potential benefits. To date, few studies have explored the motivations and mechanisms involved in youth online communication about self-harm. Objective This study aimed to explore why young people communicate online about self-harm and the perceived benefits and harms of these communications. Methods Twenty young people aged between 18 and 25 years completed an online interview. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Results Four main themes are reported: (1) crossing from offline to online-the double-edged affordances of social media: young people engaged in online communication about self-harm because they were unable or unwilling to speak about their experiences in offline contexts. Online spaces afforded anonymity and peer support, which were associated with benefits and harms; (2) user-generated is not quite the same as user-resonated: perceptions were influenced by whether the young person created or viewed or responded to the content. Written and visual content had pros and cons; (3) it's not just you, it's mostly me-individual characteristics influence perceptions: age and mental state influenced perceptions and behavior; and (4) beyond individuals-parameters are protective: leadership and platform policies and procedures aided safety. Conclusions Online communication about self-harm is neither entirely helpful nor harmful. Perceptions are influenced by individual, social, and systematic factors. Evidence-based guidelines are needed to increase young people's online self-harm literacy and help them build effective communication skills to buffer psychological and potentially physical harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Thorn
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise La Sala
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The
University of Auckland, Auckland CBD, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Lamblin
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Talaifar S, Lowery BS. Freedom and Constraint in Digital Environments: Implications for the Self. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 18:544-575. [PMID: 36179056 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221098036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate how features of the digital environment free or constrain the self. Based on the current empirical literature, we argue that modern technological features, such as predictive algorithms and tracking tools, pose four potential obstacles to the freedom of the self: lack of privacy and anonymity, (dis)embodiment and entrenchment of social hierarchy, changes to memory and cognition, and behavioral reinforcement coupled with reduced randomness. Comparing these constraints on the self to the freedom promised by earlier digital environments suggests that digital reality can be designed in more freeing ways. We describe how people reassert personal agency in the face of the digital environment's constraints and provide avenues for future research regarding technology's influence on the self.
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Ruangkanjanases A, Sivarak O, Jong D, Zhou Y. The effect of self-disclosure on mass trust through TikTok: An empirical study of short video streaming application users. Front Psychol 2022; 13:968558. [PMID: 36059732 PMCID: PMC9435465 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.968558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the short video application scenario, self-disclosure helps to establish and maintain relationships with others, and is important for the formation of mass trust. To this end, this study investigates the impact of self-disclosure on mass trust in the context of short video applications based on social exchange theory, and introduces perceived similarity to explain the specific impact mechanism while focusing on the boundary conditions of trust disposition in it. This study takes TikTok as the research object and analyzes the data obtained from the questionnaire survey. The empirical test results show that self-disclosure not only affects mass trust directly, but also indirectly through perceived similarity. In addition, a moderating effect of trust disposition on perceived similarity was found to affect mass trust. The findings of this paper contribute to an in-depth understanding of the potential intermediate mechanisms and boundary conditions of self-disclosure on mass trust, reveal the theoretical relationship between self-disclosure and mass trust, bridge the gap between previous mechanisms of mass trust influence from the perspective of empirical research, and effectively guide the management practice of short video applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ornlatcha Sivarak
- Mahidol University International College, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Din Jong
- Digital Design and Information Management, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yajun Zhou
- College of Finance and Economics, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
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