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Wei L, Du X, Yang Z, Ding M, Yang B, Wang J, Long S, Qiao Z, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Wang H. Disrupted Topological Organization of White Matter Network in Angelman Syndrome. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1212-1221. [PMID: 35856797 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder that affects neurodevelopment. The investigation of changes in the brain white matter network, which would contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AS brain, was lacking. PURPOSE To investigate both local and global alterations of white matter in patients with AS. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS A total of 29 AS patients (6.6 ± 1.4 years, 15 [52%] females) and 19 age-matched healthy controls (HC) (7.0 ± 1.5 years, 10 [53%] females). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3-T, three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted imaging by using gradient-echo-based sequence, single shell diffusion tensor imaging by using spin-echo-based echo-planar imaging. ASSESSMENT Network metrics including global efficiency (Eg ), local efficiency (Eloc ), small world coefficient (Swc), rich-club coefficient (Φ), and nodal degree (ND) were estimated from diffusion MR (dMR) data. Connections among highly connected (hub) regions and less connected (peripheral) regions were also assessed. Correlation between the topological parameters and age for each group was also calculated to assess the development of the brain. STATISTICAL TESTS Linear regression model, permutation test. P values estimated from the regression model for each brain region were adjusted by false discovery rate (FDR) correction. RESULTS AS patients showed significantly lower Eg and higher swc compared to HC. Φn significantly increased at higher k-levels in AS patients. In addition, the connections among hub regions and peripheral regions were significantly interrupted in AS patients. DATA CONCLUSION The AS brain showed diminished connectivity, reflected by reduced network efficiency compared to HC. Compared to densely connected regions, less connected regions were more vulnerable in AS. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Du
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zidong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Long
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Qiao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Rakesh D, Whittle S. Socioeconomic status and the developing brain - A systematic review of neuroimaging findings in youth. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:379-407. [PMID: 34474050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing literature has shown associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and neural properties (such as brain structure and function). In this review, we aimed to synthesize findings on the neural correlates of socioeconomic status (SES) in youth samples across neuroimaging modalities. We also aimed to disentangle the effects of different SES measures (e.g., parent income and education) in our synthesis. We found relatively consistent patterns of positive associations between SES and both volume and cortical surface area of frontal regions, and amygdala, hippocampal, and striatal volume (with most consistent results for composite SES indices). Despite limited longitudinal work, results suggest that SES is associated with developmental trajectories of gray matter structure. Higher SES was also found to be associated with increased fractional anisotropy of some white matter tracts, although there were more null than positive findings. Finally, methodological heterogeneity in brain function and connectivity studies prevented us from making strong inferences. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for future research, discuss the role of mitigating factors, and implications for policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, VIC, Australia
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3
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Wang J, John Y, Barbas H. Pathways for Contextual Memory: The Primate Hippocampal Pathway to Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1807-1826. [PMID: 33207365 PMCID: PMC7869091 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is one of the few prefrontal areas that receives robust direct hippocampal terminations. This pathway may enable current context and past experience to influence goal-directed actions and emotional regulation by prefrontal cortices. We investigated the still ill-understood organization of the pathway from anterior hippocampus to ACC (A24a, A25, A32) to identify laminar termination patterns and their postsynaptic excitatory and inhibitory targets from system to synapse in rhesus monkeys. The densest hippocampal terminations targeted posterior A25, a region that is involved in affective and autonomic regulation. Hippocampal terminations innervated mostly excitatory neurons (~90%), suggesting strong excitatory effects. Among the smaller fraction of inhibitory targets, hippocampal terminations in A25 preferentially innervated calretinin neurons, a pattern that differs markedly from rodents. Further, hippocampal terminations innervated spines with D1 receptors, particularly in the deep layers of A25, where D1 receptors are enriched in comparison with the upper layers. The proximity of hippocampal terminations to D1 receptors may enable dopamine to enhance information transfer from the hippocampus to A25 and contribute to dopaminergic influence downstream on goal-directed action and emotional control by prefrontal cortices, in processes that may be disrupted by excessive dopamine release during uncontrollable stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Department of Health Sciences, Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yohan John
- Department of Health Sciences, Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Helen Barbas
- Department of Health Sciences, Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University and School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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4
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Gurholt TP, Haukvik UK, Lonning V, Jönsson EG, Pasternak O, Agartz I. Microstructural White Matter and Links With Subcortical Structures in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Free-Water Imaging Approach. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:56. [PMID: 32180735 PMCID: PMC7057718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with often a chronic course. Neuroimaging studies report brain abnormalities in both white and gray matter structures. However, the relationship between microstructural white matter differences and volumetric subcortical structures is not known. We investigated 30 long-term treated patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (mean age 51.1 ± 7.9 years, mean illness duration 27.6 ± 8.0 years) and 42 healthy controls (mean age 54.1 ± 9.1 years) using 3 T diffusion and structural magnetic resonance imaging. The free-water imaging method was used to model the diffusion signal, and subcortical volumes were obtained from FreeSurfer. We applied multiple linear regression to investigate associations between (i) patient status and regional white matter microstructure, (ii) medication dose or clinical symptoms on white matter microstructure in patients, and (iii) for interactions between subcortical volumes and diagnosis on microstructural white matter regions showing significant patient-control differences. The patients had significantly decreased free-water corrected fractional anisotropy (FAt), explained by decreased axial diffusivity and increased radial diffusivity (RDt) bilaterally in the anterior corona radiata (ACR) and the left anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) compared to controls. In the fornix, the patients had significantly increased RDt. In patients, positive symptoms were associated with localized increased free-water and negative symptoms with localized decreased FAt and increased RDt. There were significant interactions between patient status and several subcortical structures on white matter microstructure and the free-water compartment for left ACR and fornix, and limited to the free-water compartment for right ACR and left ALIC. The Cohen's d effect sizes were medium to large (0.61 to 1.20, absolute values). The results suggest a specific pattern of frontal white matter axonal degeneration and demyelination and fornix demyelination that is attenuated in the presence of larger structures of the limbic system in patients with chronic schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Findings warrant replication in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiril P Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Adult Mental Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vera Lonning
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Tomyshev AS, Lebedeva IS, Akhadov TA, Omelchenko MA, Rumyantsev AO, Kaleda VG. Alterations in white matter microstructure and cortical thickness in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis: A multimodal tractography and surface-based morphometry study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 289:26-36. [PMID: 31132567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of white matter (WM) and grey matter pathology in subjects at ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR), although a limited number of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and surface-based morphometry (SBM) studies have revealed anatomically inconsistent results. The present multimodal study applies tractography and SBM to analyze WM microstructure, whole-brain cortical anatomy, and potential interconnections between WM and grey matter abnormalities in UHR subjects. Thirty young male UHR patients and 30 healthy controls underwent DW-MRI and T1-weighted MRI. Fractional anisotropy; mean, radial, and axial diffusivity in 18 WM tracts; and vertex-based cortical thickness, area, and volume were analyzed. We found increased radial diffusivity in the left anterior thalamic radiation and reduced bilateral thickness across the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. No correlations between WM and grey matter abnormalities were identified. These results provide further evidence that WM microstructure abnormalities and cortical anatomical changes occur in the UHR state. Disruption of structural connectivity in the prefrontal-subcortical circuitry, likely caused by myelin pathology, and cortical thickness reduction affecting the networks presumably involved in processing and coordination of external and internal information streams may underlie the widespread deficits in neurocognitive and social functioning that are consistently reported in UHR subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Tomyshev
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, 34 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina S Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, 34 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tolibdzhon A Akhadov
- Department of Radiology, Children's Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Omelchenko
- Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey O Rumyantsev
- Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy G Kaleda
- Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Lyall AE, Savadjiev P, del Re EC, Seitz J, O’Donnell LJ, Westin CF, Mesholam-Gately RI, Petryshen T, Wojcik JD, Nestor P, Niznikiewicz M, Goldstein J, Seidman LJ, McCarley RW, Shenton ME, Kubicki M. Utilizing Mutual Information Analysis to Explore the Relationship Between Gray and White Matter Structural Pathologies in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:386-395. [PMID: 29618096 PMCID: PMC6403063 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder, with structural brain abnormalities reported at all stages. However, at present, it remains unclear whether gray and white matter abnormalities represent related or independent pathologies in schizophrenia. In this study, we present findings from an integrative analysis exploring the morphological relationship between gray and white matter in 45 schizophrenia participants and 49 healthy controls. We utilized mutual information (MI), a measure of how much information two variables share, to assess the morphological dependence between gray and white matter in three segments of the corpus callsoum, and the gray matter regions these segments connect: (1) the genu and the left and right rostral middle frontal gyrus (rMFG), (2) the isthmus and the left and right superior temporal gyrus (STG), (3) the splenium and the left and right lateral occipital gyrus (LOG). We report significantly reduced MI between white matter tract dispersion of the right hemispheric callosal connections to the STG and both cortical thickness and area in the right STG in schizophrenia patients, despite a lack of group differences in cortical thickness, surface area, or dispersion. We believe that this reduction in morphological dependence between gray and white matter may reflect a possible decoupling of the developmental processes that shape morphological features of white and gray matter early in life. The present study also demonstrates the importance of studying the relationship between gray and white matter measures, as opposed to restricting analyses to gray and white matter measures independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Lyall
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, US; tel: (617)-525-6129, fax: (617)-525-6150, e-mail:
| | - Peter Savadjiev
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elisabetta C del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA
| | - Johanna Seitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren J O’Donnell
- Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Surgical Planning Laboratory, MRI Division, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Carl-Fredrik Westin
- Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Surgical Planning Laboratory, MRI Division, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tracey Petryshen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Stanley Center of Psychiatry Research, Broad Institute MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joanne D Wojcik
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Nestor
- Research and Development, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA,Department of Psychology, University of Massachussetts, Boston, MA
| | - Margaret Niznikiewicz
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA
| | - Jill Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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7
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Reading the (functional) writing on the (structural) wall: Multimodal fusion of brain structure and function via a deep neural network based translation approach reveals novel impairments in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2018; 181:734-747. [PMID: 30055372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents a novel approach to finding linkage/association between multimodal brain imaging data, such as structural MRI (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI). Motivated by the machine translation domain, we employ a deep learning model, and consider two different imaging views of the same brain like two different languages conveying some common facts. That analogy enables finding linkages between two modalities. The proposed translation-based fusion model contains a computing layer that learns "alignments" (or links) between dynamic connectivity features from fMRI data and static gray matter patterns from sMRI data. The approach is evaluated on a multi-site dataset consisting of eyes-closed resting state imaging data collected from 298 subjects (age- and gender matched 154 healthy controls and 144 patients with schizophrenia). Results are further confirmed on an independent dataset consisting of eyes-open resting state imaging data from 189 subjects (age- and gender matched 91 healthy controls and 98 patients with schizophrenia). We used dynamic functional connectivity (dFNC) states as the functional features and ICA-based sources from gray matter densities as the structural features. The dFNC states characterized by weakly correlated intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) were found to have stronger association with putamen and insular gray matter pattern, while the dFNC states of profuse strongly correlated ICNs exhibited stronger links with the gray matter pattern in precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and temporal cortex. Further investigation with the estimated link strength (or alignment score) showed significant group differences between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia in several key regions including temporal lobe, and linked these to connectivity states showing less occupancy in healthy controls. Moreover, this novel approach revealed significant correlation between a cognitive score (attention/vigilance) and the function/structure alignment score that was not detected when data modalities were considered separately.
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8
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Schultz CC, Wagner G, Schachtzabel C, Reichenbach JR, Schlösser RGM, Sauer H, Koch K. Increased white matter radial diffusivity is associated with prefrontal cortical folding deficits in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 261:91-95. [PMID: 28171781 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal underpinnings of cortical folding alterations in schizophrenia remain unclear. Theories on the physiological development of cortical folds stress the importance of white matter fibers for this process and disturbances of fiber tracts might be relevant for cortical folding alterations in schizophrenia. Nine-teen patients with schizophrenia and 19 healthy subjects underwent T1-weighted MRI and DTI. Cortical folding was computed using a surface based approach. DTI was analyzed using FSL and SPM 5. Radial diffusivity and cortical folding were correlated covering the entire cortex in schizophrenia. Significantly increased radial diffusivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) in the left superior temporal region was negatively correlated with cortical folding of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients, i.e. higher radial diffusivity, as an indicator for disturbed white matter fiber myelination, was associated with lower cortical folding of the left DLPFC. Patients with pronounced alterations of the SLF showed significantly reduced cortical folding in the left DLPFC. Our study provides novel evidence for a linkage between prefrontal cortical folding alterations and deficits in connecting white matter fiber tracts in schizophrenia and supports the notion that the integrity of white matter tracts is crucial for intact morphogenesis of the cortical folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christoph Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Schachtzabel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf G M Schlösser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology & TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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9
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Shaker M, Erdogmus D, Dy J, Bouix S. Subject-specific abnormal region detection in traumatic brain injury using sparse model selection on high dimensional diffusion data. Med Image Anal 2017; 37:56-65. [PMID: 28160691 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to estimate a multivariate Gaussian distribution of diffusion tensor features in a set of brain regions based on a small sample of healthy individuals, and use this distribution to identify imaging abnormalities in subjects with mild traumatic brain injury. The multivariate model receives apriori knowledge in the form of a neighborhood graph imposed on the precision matrix, which models brain region interactions, and an additional L1 sparsity constraint. The model is then estimated using the graphical LASSO algorithm and the Mahalanobis distance of healthy and TBI subjects to the distribution mean is used to evaluate the discriminatory power of the model. Our experiments show that the addition of the apriori neighborhood graph results in significant improvements in classification performance compared to a model which does not take into account the brain region interactions or one which uses a fully connected prior graph. In addition, we describe a method, using our model, to detect the regions that contribute the most to the overall abnormality of the DTI profile of a subject's brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matineh Shaker
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Deniz Erdogmus
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Dy
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Liu K, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Wu J, Lei Y, Chu WCW, Mok VCT, Wang D, Shi L. Characterization of the Fiber Connectivity Profile of the Cerebral Cortex in Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2016; 7:809. [PMID: 27303358 PMCID: PMC4884735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is considered one of the classic disconnection syndromes. However, the specific cortical disconnectivity pattern has not been fully investigated. In this study, we aimed to explore significant alterations in whole-cortex structural connectivity in SPD individuals (SPDs) by combining the techniques of brain surface morphometry and white matter tractography. Diffusion and structural MR data were collected from 20 subjects with SPD (all males; age, 19.7 ± 0.9 years) and 18 healthy controls (all males; age, 20.3 ± 1.0 years). To measure the structural connectivity for a given unit area of the cortex, the fiber connectivity density (FiCD) value was proposed and calculated as the sum of the fractional anisotropy of all the fibers connecting to that unit area in tractography. Then, the resultant whole-cortex FiCD maps were compared in a vertex-wise manner between SPDs and controls. Compared with normal controls, SPDs showed significantly decreased FiCD in the rostral middle frontal gyrus (crossing BA 9 and BA 10) and significantly increased FiCD in the anterior part of the fusiform/inferior temporal cortex (P < 0.05, Monte Carlo simulation corrected). Moreover, the gray matter volume extracted from the left rostral middle frontal cluster was observed to be significantly greater in the SPD group (P = 0.02). Overall, this study identifies a decrease in connectivity in the left middle frontal cortex as a key neural deficit at the whole-cortex level in SPD, thus providing insight into its neuropathological basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian, China
| | - Yueji Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen Shenzhen, China
| | - Winnie C W Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Defeng Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen, China; Research Center for Medical Image Computing, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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11
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Multimodal neuroimaging as a window into the pathological physiology of schizophrenia: Current trends and issues. Neurosci Res 2016; 102:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Budisavljevic S, Kawadler JM, Dell'Acqua F, Rijsdijk FV, Kane F, Picchioni M, McGuire P, Toulopoulou T, Georgiades A, Kalidindi S, Kravariti E, Murray RM, Murphy DG, Craig MC, Catani M. Heritability of the limbic networks. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:746-57. [PMID: 26714573 PMCID: PMC4847695 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in cognitive ability and social behaviour are influenced by the variability in the structure and function of the limbic system. A strong heritability of the limbic cortex has been previously reported, but little is known about how genetic factors influence specific limbic networks. We used diffusion tensor imaging tractography to investigate heritability of different limbic tracts in 52 monozygotic and 34 dizygotic healthy adult twins. We explored the connections that contribute to the activity of three distinct functional limbic networks, namely the dorsal cingulum (‘medial default-mode network’), the ventral cingulum and the fornix (‘hippocampal-diencephalic-retrosplenial network’) and the uncinate fasciculus (‘temporo-amygdala-orbitofrontal network’). Genetic and environmental variances were mapped for multiple tract-specific measures that reflect different aspects of the underlying anatomy. We report the highest heritability for the uncinate fasciculus, a tract that underpins emotion processing, semantic cognition, and social behaviour. High to moderate genetic and shared environmental effects were found for pathways important for social behaviour and memory, for example, fornix, dorsal and ventral cingulum. These findings indicate that within the limbic system inheritance of specific traits may rely on the anatomy of distinct networks and is higher for fronto-temporal pathways dedicated to complex social behaviour and emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Budisavljevic
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and Natbrainlab, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK, NEMo Laboratory, Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy,
| | - Jamie M Kawadler
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and Natbrainlab, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Flavio Dell'Acqua
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and Natbrainlab, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- Department of Psychological Medicine, and Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK, Department of Psychology, and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and
| | - Anna Georgiades
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sridevi Kalidindi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Eugenia Kravariti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Michael C Craig
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and Natbrainlab, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK, National Autism Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Beckenham, UK
| | - Marco Catani
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and Natbrainlab, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Iwatani J, Ishida T, Donishi T, Ukai S, Shinosaki K, Terada M, Kaneoke Y. Use of T1-weighted/T2-weighted magnetic resonance ratio images to elucidate changes in the schizophrenic brain. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00399. [PMID: 26516617 PMCID: PMC4614056 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One leading hypothesis suggests that schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic defects in association with environmental risk factors that affect synapse and myelin formation. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of SZ brain showed both gray matter (GM) reduction and white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy reduction. In this study, we used T1-weighted (T1w)/T2-weighted (T2w) MRI ratio images, which increase myelin-related signal contrast and reduce receiver-coil bias. METHODS We measured T1w/T2w ratio image signal intensity in 29 patients with SZ and 33 healthy controls (HCs), and then compared them against bias-corrected T1w images. RESULTS Mean T1w/T2w ratio signal intensity values across all SZ GM and WM voxels were significantly lower than those for the HC values (analysis of covariance with age, gender, handedness, and premorbid intelligence quotient as nuisance covariates). SZ mean WM T1w/T2w ratio values were related to Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores and were inversely related to the positive psychotic symptoms of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Voxel-based analysis revealed significantly lower T1w/T2w ratio image signal intensity values in the right ventral putamen in SZ GM. T1w image intensities did not differ between the SZ and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio imaging increased the detectability of SZ pathological changes. Reduced SZ brain signal intensity is likely due to diminished myelin content; therefore, mapping myelin-related SZ brain changes using T1w/T2w ratio images may be useful for studies of SZ brain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwatani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Takuya Ishida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan ; Department of System Neurophysiology Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Donishi
- Department of System Neurophysiology Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Satoshi Ukai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shinosaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Masaki Terada
- Wakayama-Minami Radiology Clinic 870-2 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-0012 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kaneoke
- Department of System Neurophysiology Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
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Wang D, Zhou Y, Zhuo C, Qin W, Zhu J, Liu H, Xu L, Yu C. Altered functional connectivity of the cingulate subregions in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e575. [PMID: 26035059 PMCID: PMC4490280 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients have shown altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the cingulate cortex; however, it is unknown whether rsFCs of the cingulate subregions are differentially affected in this disorder. We aimed to clarify the issue by comparing rsFCs of each cingulate subregion between healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. A total of 102 healthy controls and 94 schizophrenia patients underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging with a sensitivity-encoded spiral-in imaging sequence to reduce susceptibility-induced signal loss and distortion. The cingulate cortex was divided into nine subregions, including the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), areas 24 and 32 of the pregenual ACC, areas 24 and 32 of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC), posterior MCC (pMCC), dorsal (dPCC) and ventral (vPCC) posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC). The rsFCs of each cingulate subregion were compared between the two groups and the atrophy effect was considered. Results with and without global signal regression were reported. Most cingulate subregions exhibited decreased rsFCs in schizophrenia after global signal regression (GSR). Without GSR, only increased rsFC was found in schizophrenia, which primarily restricted to the aMCC, PCC and RSC. Some of these increased rsFCs were also significant after GSR. These findings suggest that GSR can greatly affect between-group differences in rsFCs and the consistently increased rsFCs may challenge the functional disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - C Zhuo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Anding Hospital (Tianjin Mental Health Center), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Anning Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - W Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - L Xu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - C Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China. E-mail:
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Wischhof L, Irrsack E, Osorio C, Koch M. Prenatal LPS-exposure--a neurodevelopmental rat model of schizophrenia--differentially affects cognitive functions, myelination and parvalbumin expression in male and female offspring. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 57:17-30. [PMID: 25455585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the risk for the offspring to develop schizophrenia. Gender differences can be seen in various features of the illness and sex steroid hormones (e.g. estrogen) have strongly been implicated in the disease pathology. In the present study, we evaluated sex differences in the effects of prenatal exposure to a bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) in rats. Pregnant dams received LPS-injections (100 μg/kg) at gestational day 15 and 16. The offspring was then tested for prepulse inhibition (PPI), locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior and object recognition memory at various developmental time points. At postnatal day (PD) 33 and 60, prenatally LPS-exposed rats showed locomotor hyperactivity which was similar in male and female offspring. Moreover, prenatal LPS-treatment caused PPI deficits in pubertal (PD45) and adult (PD90) males while PPI impairments were found only at PD45 in prenatally LPS-treated females. Following prenatal LPS-administration, recognition memory for objects was impaired in both sexes with males being more severely affected. Additionally, we assessed prenatal infection-induced alterations of parvalbumin (Parv) expression and myelin fiber density. Male offspring born to LPS-challenged mothers showed decreased myelination in cortical and limbic brain regions as well as reduced numbers of Parv-expressing cells in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. In contrast, LPS-exposed female rats showed only a modest decrease in myelination and Parv immunoreactivity. Collectively, our data indicate that some of the prenatal immune activation effects are sex dependent and further strengthen the importance of taking into account gender differences in animal models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wischhof
- Brain Research Institute, Department of Neuropharmacology, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Ellen Irrsack
- Brain Research Institute, Department of Neuropharmacology, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Carmen Osorio
- Brain Research Institute, Department of Neuropharmacology, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Koch
- Brain Research Institute, Department of Neuropharmacology, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Salgado-Pineda P, Landin-Romero R, Fakra E, Delaveau P, Amann BL, Blin O. Structural abnormalities in schizophrenia: further evidence on the key role of the anterior cingulate cortex. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 69:52-8. [PMID: 24457222 DOI: 10.1159/000356972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined whole-brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia, with a special focus on the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (ACC, PCC) as this is an understudied issue in schizophrenia. METHOD Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) were performed to detect volumetric differences between 14 patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy controls matched for age, sex, educational level and parents' educational level. We examined within-group GM and WM correlations and completed the analysis with measurements of sulci in medial cortical areas. RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, the schizophrenic patients showed significant decreases in GM volumes in the ACC and PCC, and in neighboring WM regions such as the corpus callosum and the fimbriae of the fornix. Moreover, the patient group also displayed a negative correlation between volumes of GM and WM in the ACC. Finally, the patients showed significantly reduced volumes in the right cingulate sulci and left inferior frontal sulci. CONCLUSION Our results replicate typical brain-structural abnormalities with new findings in the medial prefrontal cortex, suggested to be a key region in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salgado-Pineda
- FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias Research Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat and CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Sethi A, Gregory S, Dell'Acqua F, Periche Thomas E, Simmons A, Murphy DGM, Hodgins S, Blackwood NJ, Craig MC. Emotional detachment in psychopathy: Involvement of dorsal default-mode connections. Cortex 2014; 62:11-9. [PMID: 25218645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Criminal psychopathy is defined by emotional detachment [Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) factor 1], and antisocial behaviour (PCL-R factor 2). Previous work has associated antisocial behaviour in psychopathy with abnormalities in a ventral temporo-amygdala-orbitofrontal network. However, little is known of the neural correlates of emotional detachment. Imaging studies have indicated that the 'default-mode network' (DMN), and in particular its dorsomedial (medial prefrontal - posterior cingulate) component, contributes to affective and social processing in healthy individuals. Furthermore, recent work suggests that this network may be implicated in psychopathy. However, no research has examined the relationship between psychopathy, emotional detachment, and the white matter underpinning the DMN. We therefore used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography in 13 offenders with psychopathy and 13 non-offenders to investigate the relationship between emotional detachment and the microstructure of white matter connections within the DMN. These included the dorsal cingulum (containing the medial prefrontal - posterior cingulate connections of the DMN), and the ventral cingulum (containing the posterior cingulate - medial temporal connections of the DMN). We found that fractional anisotropy (FA) was reduced in the left dorsal cingulum in the psychopathy group (p = .024). Moreover, within this group, emotional detachment was negatively correlated with FA in this tract portion bilaterally (left: r = -.61, p = .026; right: r = -.62, p = .023). These results suggest the importance of the dorsal DMN in the emotional detachment observed in individuals with psychopathy. We propose a 'dual-network' model of white matter abnormalities in the disorder, which incorporates these with previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sethi
- NatBrainLab, London, UK; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
| | - Sarah Gregory
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | | | - Andy Simmons
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Declan G M Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | - Nigel J Blackwood
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Michael C Craig
- NatBrainLab, London, UK; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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18
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Ehrlich S, Geisler D, Yendiki A, Panneck P, Roessner V, Calhoun VD, Magnotta VA, Gollub RL, White T. Associations of white matter integrity and cortical thickness in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:665-74. [PMID: 23661633 PMCID: PMC3984509 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Typical brain development includes coordinated changes in both white matter (WM) integrity and cortical thickness (CT). These processes have been shown to be disrupted in schizophrenia, which is characterized by abnormalities in WM microstructure and by reduced CT. The aim of this study was to identify patterns of association between WM markers and cortex-wide CT in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Using diffusion tensor imaging and structural magnetic resonance imaging data of the Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium study (130 HC and 111 SCZ), we tested for associations between (a) fractional anisotropy in selected manually labeled WM pathways (corpus callosum, anterior thalamic radiation, and superior longitudinal fasciculus) and CT, and (b) the number of lesion-like WM regions ("potholes") and CT. In HC, but not SCZ, we found highly significant negative associations between WM integrity and CT in several pathways, including frontal, temporal, and occipital brain regions. Conversely, in SCZ the number of WM potholes correlated with reduced CT in the left lateral temporal gyrus, left fusiform, and left lateral occipital brain area. Taken together, we found differential patterns of association between WM integrity and CT in HC and SCZ. Although the pattern in HC can be explained from a developmental perspective, the reduced gray matter CT in SCZ patients might be the result of focal but spatially heterogeneous disruptions of WM integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ehrlich
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Dresden University of Technology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; tel: +49 (0)351-458-2244, fax: +49 (0)351-458-5754, e-mail:
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Sasamoto A, Miyata J, Kubota M, Hirao K, Kawada R, Fujimoto S, Tanaka Y, Hazama M, Sugihara G, Sawamoto N, Fukuyama H, Takahashi H, Murai T. Global association between cortical thinning and white matter integrity reduction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:420-7. [PMID: 23461997 PMCID: PMC3932083 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed that both gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) are altered in several morphological aspects in schizophrenia patients. Although several studies reported associations between GM and WM alterations in restricted regions, the existence of a global association between GM and WM pathologies is unknown. Considering the wide distribution of GM morphological changes and the profound genetic background of WM abnormalities, it would be natural to postulate a global association between pathologies of GM and WM in schizophrenia. In this investigation, we studied 35 schizophrenia patients and 35 healthy control subjects using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and investigated the association between GM thickness and WM fractional anisotropy (FA) as a proxy of pathology in each tissue. To investigate cortical thickness, surface-based analysis was used. The mean cortical thickness for the whole brain was computed for each hemisphere, and group comparisons were performed. For DTI data, mean FA for the whole brain was calculated, and group comparisons were performed. Subsequently, the correlation between mean cortical thickness and mean FA was investigated. Results showed that the mean cortical thickness was significantly thinner, and the mean FA was significantly lower in schizophrenia patients. Only in the patient group the mean cortical thickness and mean FA showed significant positive correlations in both hemispheres. This correlation remained significant even after controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Thus, our results indicate that the GM and WM pathologies of schizophrenia are intertwined at the global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sasamoto
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed; 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; tel: +81 75 751 3386, fax: +81 75 751 3246, e-mail:
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606–8507, Japan; tel: +81 75 751 3386, fax: +81 75 751 3246, e-mail:
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirao
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;,Department of Clinical Psychology, Kyoto Bunkyo University, Uji, Japan
| | - Ryosaku Kawada
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hazama
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Genichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobukatsu Sawamoto
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenao Fukuyama
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Peng Z, Shi F, Shi C, Miao G, Yang Q, Gao W, Wolff JJ, Chan RCK, Shen D. Structural and diffusion property alterations in unaffected siblings of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85663. [PMID: 24489665 PMCID: PMC3904847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted white matter integrity and abnormal cortical thickness are widely reported in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the relationship between alterations in white matter connectivity and cortical thickness in OCD is unclear. In addition, the heritability of this relationship is poorly understood. To investigate the relationship of white matter microstructure with cortical thickness, we measure fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter in 30 OCD patients, 19 unaffected siblings and 30 matched healthy controls. Then, we take those regions of significantly altered FA in OCD patients compared with healthy controls to perform fiber tracking. Next, we calculate the fiber quantity in the same tracts. Lastly, we compare cortical thickness in the target regions of those tracts. Patients with OCD exhibited decreased FA in cingulum, arcuate fibers near the superior parietal lobule, inferior longitudinal fasciculus near the right superior temporal gyrus and uncinate fasciculus. Siblings showed reduced FA in arcuate fibers near the superior parietal lobule and anterior limb of internal capsule. Significant reductions in both fiber quantities and cortical thickness in OCD patients and their unaffected siblings were also observed in the projected brain areas when using the arcuate fibers near the left superior parietal lobule as the starting points. Reduced FA in the left superior parietal lobule was observed not only in patients with OCD but also in their unaffected siblings. Originated from the superior parietal lobule, the number of fibers was also found to be decreased and the corresponding cortical regions were thinner relative to controls. The linkage between disrupted white matter integrity and the abnormal cortical thickness may be a vulnerability marker for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Peng
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Changzheng Shi
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Guangzhou Psychiatry Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jason J. Wolff
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Korea
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Shifted coupling of EEG driving frequencies and fMRI resting state networks in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76604. [PMID: 24124576 PMCID: PMC3790692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cerebral resting state in schizophrenia is altered, as has been demonstrated separately by electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting state networks (RSNs). Previous simultaneous EEG/fMRI findings in healthy controls suggest that a consistent spatiotemporal coupling between neural oscillations (EEG frequency correlates) and RSN activity is necessary to organize cognitive processes optimally. We hypothesized that this coupling is disorganized in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, in particular regarding higher cognitive RSNs such as the default-mode (DMN) and left-working-memory network (LWMN). Methods Resting state was investigated in eleven patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n = 11) and matched healthy controls (n = 11) using simultaneous EEG/fMRI. The temporal association of each RSN to topographic spectral changes in the EEG was assessed by creating Covariance Maps. Group differences within, and group similarities across frequencies were estimated for the Covariance Maps. Results The coupling of EEG frequency bands to the DMN and the LWMN respectively, displayed significant similarities that were shifted towards lower EEG frequencies in patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions By combining EEG and fMRI, each measuring different properties of the same pathophysiology, an aberrant relationship between EEG frequencies and altered RSNs was observed in patients. RSNs of patients were related to lower EEG frequencies, indicating functional alterations of the spatiotemporal coupling. Significance The finding of a deviant and shifted coupling between RSNs and related EEG frequencies in patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder is significant, as it might indicate how failures in the processing of internal and external stimuli, as commonly seen during this symptomatology (i.e. thought disorders, hallucinations), arise.
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Chew LJ, Fusar-Poli P, Schmitz T. Oligodendroglial alterations and the role of microglia in white matter injury: relevance to schizophrenia. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:102-29. [PMID: 23446060 PMCID: PMC4531048 DOI: 10.1159/000346157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating mental illness characterized by a broad range of abnormal behaviors, including delusions and hallucinations, impaired cognitive function, as well as mood disturbances and social withdrawal. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease, the causes of schizophrenia are very complex; its etiology is believed to involve multiple brain regions and the connections between them, and includes alterations in both gray and white matter regions. The onset of symptoms varies with age and severity, and there is some debate over a degenerative or developmental etiology. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies have detected progressive gray matter loss in the first years of disease, suggesting neurodegeneration; but there is also increasing recognition of a temporal association between clinical complications at birth and disease onset that supports a neurodevelopmental origin. Presently, neuronal abnormalities in schizophrenia are better understood than alterations in myelin-producing cells of the brain, the oligodendrocytes, which are the predominant constituents of white matter structures. Proper white matter development and its structural integrity critically impacts brain connectivity, which affects sensorimotor coordination and cognitive ability. Evidence of defective white matter growth and compromised white matter integrity has been found in individuals at high risk of psychosis, and decreased numbers of mature oligodendrocytes are detected in schizophrenia patients. Inflammatory markers, including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, are also associated with psychosis. A relationship between risk of psychosis, white matter defects and prenatal inflammation is being established. Animal models of perinatal brain injury are successful in producing white matter damage in the brain, typified by hypomyelination and/or dysmyelination, impaired motor coordination and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex, recapitulating structural and functional characteristics observed in schizophrenia. In addition, elevated expression of inflammation-related genes in brain tissue and increased production of cytokines by blood cells from patients with schizophrenia indicate immunological dysfunction and abnormal inflammatory responses, which are also important underlying features in experimental models. Microglia, resident immune defenders of the central nervous system, play important roles in the development and protection of neural cells, but can contribute to injury under pathological conditions. This article discusses oligodendroglial changes in schizophrenia and focuses on microglial activity in the context of the disease, in neonatal brain injury and in various experimental models of white matter damage. These include disorders associated with premature birth, and animal models of perinatal bacterial and viral infection, oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) and excess (hyperoxia), and elevated systemic proinflammatory cytokine levels. We briefly review the effects of treatment with antipsychotic and anti-inflammatory agents in models of perinatal brain injury, and comment on the therapeutic potential of these strategies. By understanding the neurobiological basis of oligodendroglial abnormalities in schizophrenia, it is hoped that patients will benefit from the availability of targeted and more efficacious treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jin Chew
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Schultz CC, Fusar-Poli P, Wagner G, Koch K, Schachtzabel C, Gruber O, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Multimodal functional and structural imaging investigations in psychosis research. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262 Suppl 2:S97-106. [PMID: 22940744 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-012-0360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Substantial pathophysiological questions about the relationship of brain pathologies in psychosis can only be answered by multimodal neuroimaging approaches combining different imaging modalities such as structural MRI (sMRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. In particular, the multimodal imaging approach has the potential to shed light on the neuronal mechanisms underlying the major brain structural and functional pathophysiological features of schizophrenia and high-risk states such as prefronto-temporal gray matter reduction, altered higher-order cognitive processing, or disturbed dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. In recent years, valuable new findings have been revealed in these fields by multimodal imaging studies mostly reflecting a direct and aligned correlation of brain pathologies in psychosis. However, the amount of multimodal studies is still limited, and further efforts have to be made to consolidate previous findings and to extend the scope to other pathophysiological parameters contributing to the pathogenesis of psychosis. Here, investigating the genetic foundations of brain pathology relationships is a major challenge for future multimodal imaging applications in psychosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christoph Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07740 Jena, Germany.
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