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Yan S, Zhao G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Bai X, Jin H. Altered resting-state brain function in endurance athletes. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae076. [PMID: 38494416 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has confirmed significant differences in regional brain activity and functional connectivity between endurance athletes and non-athletes. However, no studies have investigated the differences in topological efficiency of the brain functional network between endurance athletes and non-athletes. Here, we compared differences in regional activities, functional connectivity, and topological properties to explore the functional basis associated with endurance training. The results showed significant correlations between Regional Homogeneity in the motor cortex, visual cortex, cerebellum, and the training intensity parameters. Alterations in functional connectivity among the motor cortex, visual cortex, cerebellum, and the inferior frontal gyrus and cingulate gyrus were significantly correlated with training intensity parameters. In addition, the graph theoretical analysis results revealed a significant reduction in global efficiency among athletes. This decline is mainly caused by decreased nodal efficiency and nodal local efficiency of the cerebellar regions. Notably, the sensorimotor regions, such as the precentral gyrus and supplementary motor areas, still exhibit increased nodal efficiency and nodal local efficiency. This study not only confirms the improvement of regional activity in brain regions related to endurance training, but also offers novel insights into the mechanisms through which endurance athletes undergo changes in the topological efficiency of the brain functional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Yan
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qihan Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Liqing Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xuejun Bai
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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2
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Potegal M. How it ends: A review of behavioral and psychological phenomena, physiological processes and neural circuits in the termination of aggression in other animals and anger in people. Behav Brain Res 2024; 456:114676. [PMID: 37739229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
More is known about aggression initiation and persistence in other animals, and anger in people, than about their cessation. This review summarizes knowledge of relevant factors in aggression, mostly in vertebrates, and anger termination in people. The latency, probability and intensity of offensive aggression in mice is controlled by activity in a neuronal subpopulation in ventromedial hypothalamus [VMH]. This activity instantiates an aggressive state termed angriffsbereitschaft ["attack-readiness"]. Fighting in many species is broken into bouts with interbout breaks due to fatigue and/or signals from dorsal raphe to VMH. Eventually, losers decide durations and outcomes of fighting by transitioning to submission or flight. Factors reducing angriffsbereitschaft and triggering these defeat behaviors could include metabolic costs, e.g., lactate accumulation and glucose depletion detected by the hypothalamus, central fatigue perhaps sensed by the Salience Network [insula and anterior cingulate gyrus] and pain of injuries, the latter insufficiently blunted by opioid and non-opioid stress analgesia and transduced by anterior VMH neurons. Winners' angriffsbereitschaft continue for awhile, as indicated by post-victory attacks and, perhaps, triumph displays of some species, including humans. In longer term situations, sensory and/or response habituation of aggression may explain the "Dear enemy" tolerance of competitive neighbors. Prolonged satiation of predatory behavior could involve habenula-regulated reduction of dopaminergic reward in nucleus accumbens. Termination of human anger involves at least three processes, metaphorically termed decay, quenching and catharsis. Hypothesized neural mechanisms include anger diminution by negative feedback from accumbens to anterior cingulate and/or activity in the Salience Network that controls anger's "accumulation/offset" phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Potegal
- University of Minnesota, United States.
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3
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Berridge KC. Separating desire from prediction of outcome value. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:932-946. [PMID: 37543439 PMCID: PMC10527990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals typically want what they expect to like, often based on memories of previous positive experiences. However, in some situations desire can decouple completely from memories and from learned predictions of outcome value. The potential for desire to separate from prediction arises from independent operating rules that control motivational incentive salience. Incentive salience, or 'wanting', is a type of mesolimbic desire that evolved for adaptive goals, but can also generate maladaptive addictions. Two proof-of-principle examples are presented here to show how motivational 'wanting' can soar above memory-based predictions of outcome value: (i) 'wanting what is remembered to be disgusting', and (ii) 'wanting what is predicted to hurt'. Consequently, even outcomes remembered and predicted to be negatively aversive can become positively 'wanted'. Similarly, in human addictions, people may experience powerful cue-triggered cravings for outcomes that are not predicted to be enjoyable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent C Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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4
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Touroutoglou A, Wong B, Andreano JM. What is so super about ageing? THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e358-e359. [PMID: 37454674 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Andreano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Shen Y, Cai H, Mo F, Yao S, Yu Y, Zhu J. Functional connectivity gradients of the cingulate cortex. Commun Biol 2023; 6:650. [PMID: 37337086 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of the cingulate cortex is evident in multiple dimensions including anatomy, function, connectivity, and involvement in networks and diseases. Using the recently developed functional connectivity gradient approach and resting-state functional MRI data, we found three functional connectivity gradients that captured distinct dimensions of cingulate hierarchical organization. The principal gradient exhibited a radiating organization with transitions from the middle toward both anterior and posterior parts of the cingulate cortex and was related to canonical functional networks and corresponding behavioral domains. The second gradient showed an anterior-posterior axis across the cingulate cortex and had prominent geometric distance dependence. The third gradient displayed a marked differentiation of subgenual and caudal middle with other parts of the cingulate cortex and was associated with cortical morphology. Aside from providing an updated framework for understanding the multifaceted nature of cingulate heterogeneity, the observed hierarchical organization of the cingulate cortex may constitute a novel research agenda with potential applications in basic and clinical neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Shen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Mo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Shanwen Yao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China.
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032, Hefei, China.
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China.
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032, Hefei, China.
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6
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Katsumi Y, Zhang J, Chen D, Kamona N, Bunce JG, Hutchinson JB, Yarossi M, Tunik E, Dickerson BC, Quigley KS, Barrett LF. Correspondence of functional connectivity gradients across human isocortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Commun Biol 2023; 6:401. [PMID: 37046050 PMCID: PMC10097701 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gradient mapping is an important technique to summarize high dimensional biological features as low dimensional manifold representations in exploring brain structure-function relationships at various levels of the cerebral cortex. While recent studies have characterized the major gradients of functional connectivity in several brain structures using this technique, very few have systematically examined the correspondence of such gradients across structures under a common systems-level framework. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, here we show that the organizing principles of the isocortex, and those of the cerebellum and hippocampus in relation to the isocortex, can be described using two common functional gradients. We suggest that the similarity in functional connectivity gradients across these structures can be meaningfully interpreted within a common computational framework based on the principles of predictive processing. The present results, and the specific hypotheses that they suggest, represent an important step toward an integrative account of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Katsumi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Danlei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nada Kamona
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jamie G Bunce
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Mathew Yarossi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eugene Tunik
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Karen S Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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7
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Lu H, Dang M, Chen K, Shang H, Wang B, Zhao S, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Chen Y. Naoxin'an capsules protect brain function and structure in patients with vascular cognitive impairment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1129125. [PMID: 37089924 PMCID: PMC10113453 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1129125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is one of the most common types of dementia. Naoxin'an capsule (NXA), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has been used to treat VCI for a long time in the clinic. Previous studies proved that the NXA capsules could ameliorate the cerebral mitochondrion deficits of VCI animals. This study aimed to investigate the protectiveness of NXA on human brain structure and function in patients with VCI. Methods: In total, 100 VCI patients were enrolled in this 24-week trial and randomly divided into the NXA capsules group (n = 50) and the ginkgo biloba capsules control group (n = 50). Before and after the treatment, cognitive behavior tests and multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of NXA treatment on VCI patients after 24 weeks. Results: We found that the NXA group significantly improved overall cognitive ability (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive section, p = 0.001; Mini-Mental Status Examination, p = 0.003), memory (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test, p < 0.001) and executive function (Trail Making Test-A, p = 0.024) performance after treatment compared with the control group. For brain function, the degree of centrality in the left middle frontal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and left supplementary motor area increased in the NXA group and decreased in the ginkgo biloba group after treatment. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) of the left precentral and right superior parietal gyrus increased, and the fALFF of the right parahippocampal and left inferior temporal gyrus decreased in the NXA group after treatment. For brain structure, the gray matter density of the left postcentral gyrus increased in the NXA group after treatment, and the total volume of white matter hyperintensity showed a decreasing trend but was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the improvement effect of NXA on executive function was associated with changes in brain function. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the NXA capsules improved cognitive performance and multiregional brain function, as well as gray matter structure in the postcentral gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxi Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Huajie Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaokun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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8
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Potegal M, Nordman JC. Non-angry aggressive arousal and angriffsberietschaft: A narrative review of the phenomenology and physiology of proactive/offensive aggression motivation and escalation in people and other animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105110. [PMID: 36822384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Human aggression typologies largely correspond with those for other animals. While there may be no non-human equivalent of angry reactive aggression, we propose that human proactive aggression is similar to offense in other animals' dominance contests for territory or social status. Like predation/hunting, but unlike defense, offense and proactive aggression are positively reinforcing, involving dopamine release in accumbens. The drive these motivational states provide must suffice to overcome fear associated with initiating risky fights. We term the neural activity motivating proactive aggression "non-angry aggressive arousal", but use "angriffsberietschaft" for offense motivation in other animals to acknowledge possible differences. Temporal variation in angriffsberietschaft partitions fights into bouts; engendering reduced anti-predator vigilance, redirected aggression and motivational over-ride. Increased aggressive arousal drives threat-to-attack transitions, as in verbal-to-physical escalation and beyond that, into hyper-aggression. Proactive aggression and offense involve related neural activity states. Cingulate, insular and prefrontal cortices energize/modulate aggression through a subcortical core containing subnuclei for each aggression type. These proposals will deepen understanding of aggression across taxa, guiding prevention/intervention for human violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob C Nordman
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.
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Dunlop BW, Cha J, Choi KS, Rajendra JK, Nemeroff CB, Craighead WE, Mayberg HS. Shared and Unique Changes in Brain Connectivity Among Depressed Patients After Remission With Pharmacotherapy Versus Psychotherapy. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:218-229. [PMID: 36651624 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought to determine the shared and unique changes in brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between patients with major depressive disorder who achieved remission with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or with antidepressant medication. METHODS The Predictors of Remission in Depression to Individual and Combined Treatments (PReDICT) trial randomized adults with treatment-naive major depressive disorder to 12 weeks of treatment with CBT (16 1-hour sessions) or medication (duloxetine 30-60 mg/day or escitalopram 10-20 mg/day). Resting-state functional MRI scans were performed at baseline and at week 12. The primary outcome was change in the whole-brain rsFC of four seeded brain networks among participants who achieved remission. RESULTS Of the 131 completers with usable MRI data (74 female; mean age, 39.8 years), remission was achieved by 19 of 40 CBT-treated and 45 of 91 medication-treated patients. Three patterns of connectivity changes were observed. First, those who remitted with either treatment shared a pattern of reduction in rsFC between the subcallosal cingulate cortex and the motor cortex. Second, reciprocal rsFC changes were observed across multiple networks, primarily increases in CBT remitters and decreases in medication remitters. And third, in CBT remitters only, rsFC increased within the executive control network and between the executive control network and parietal attention regions. CONCLUSIONS Remission from major depression via treatment with CBT or medication is associated with changes in rsFC that are mostly specific to the treatment modality, providing biological support for the clinical practice of switching between or combining these treatment approaches. Medication is associated with broadly inhibitory effects. In CBT remitters, the increase in rsFC strength between networks involved in cognitive control and attention provides biological support for the theorized mechanism of CBT. Reducing affective network connectivity with motor systems is a shared process important for remission with both CBT and medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boadie W Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Dunlop, Craighead); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Cha, Choi, Mayberg); Scientific and Statistical Computational Core, NIMH, Bethesda (Rajendra); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin (Nemeroff); Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta (Craighead)
| | - Jungho Cha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Dunlop, Craighead); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Cha, Choi, Mayberg); Scientific and Statistical Computational Core, NIMH, Bethesda (Rajendra); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin (Nemeroff); Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta (Craighead)
| | - Ki Sueng Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Dunlop, Craighead); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Cha, Choi, Mayberg); Scientific and Statistical Computational Core, NIMH, Bethesda (Rajendra); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin (Nemeroff); Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta (Craighead)
| | - Justin K Rajendra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Dunlop, Craighead); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Cha, Choi, Mayberg); Scientific and Statistical Computational Core, NIMH, Bethesda (Rajendra); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin (Nemeroff); Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta (Craighead)
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Dunlop, Craighead); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Cha, Choi, Mayberg); Scientific and Statistical Computational Core, NIMH, Bethesda (Rajendra); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin (Nemeroff); Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta (Craighead)
| | - W Edward Craighead
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Dunlop, Craighead); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Cha, Choi, Mayberg); Scientific and Statistical Computational Core, NIMH, Bethesda (Rajendra); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin (Nemeroff); Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta (Craighead)
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Dunlop, Craighead); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Cha, Choi, Mayberg); Scientific and Statistical Computational Core, NIMH, Bethesda (Rajendra); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin (Nemeroff); Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta (Craighead)
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10
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Ferraro S, Klugah-Brown B, Tench CR, Bazinet V, Bore MC, Nigri A, Demichelis G, Bruzzone MG, Palermo S, Zhao W, Yao S, Jiang X, Kendrick KM, Becker B. The central autonomic system revisited – Convergent evidence for a regulatory role of the insular and midcingulate cortex from neuroimaging meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Ravindranath O, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Luna B. Pubertal development underlies optimization of inhibitory control through specialization of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101162. [PMID: 36308857 PMCID: PMC9618767 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control improves into young adulthood after specialization of relevant brain systems during adolescence. However, the biological mechanisms supporting this unique transition are not well understood. Given that adolescence is defined by puberty, we examined relative contributions of chronological age and pubertal maturation to inhibitory control development. 105 8-19-year-olds completed 1-5 longitudinal visits (227 visits total) in which pubertal development was assessed via self-reported Tanner stage and inhibitory control was assessed with an in-scanner antisaccade task. As expected, percentage and latency of correct antisaccade responses improved with age and pubertal stage. When controlling for pubertal stage, chronological age was distinctly associated with correct response rate. In contrast, pubertal stage was uniquely associated with antisaccade latency even when controlling for age. Chronological age was associated with fMRI task activation in several regions including the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while puberty was associated with right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activation. Furthermore, task-related connectivity between VLPFC and cingulate was associated with both pubertal stage and response latency. These results suggest that while age-related developmental processes may support maturation of brain systems underlying the ability to inhibit a response, puberty may play a larger role in the effectiveness of generating cognitive control responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orma Ravindranath
- Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Correspondence to: Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, University of Pittsburgh, Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Finnegan J. Calabro
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Luna
- Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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12
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Katsumi Y, Wong B, Cavallari M, Fong TG, Alsop DC, Andreano JM, Carvalho N, Brickhouse M, Jones R, Libermann TA, Marcantonio ER, Schmitt E, Shafi MM, Pascual-Leone A, Travison T, Barrett LF, Inouye SK, Dickerson BC, Touroutoglou A. Structural integrity of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex contributes to resilience to delirium in SuperAging. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac163. [PMID: 35822100 PMCID: PMC9272062 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite its devastating clinical and societal impact, approaches to treat delirium in older adults remain elusive, making it important to identify factors that may confer resilience to this syndrome. Here, we investigated a cohort of 93 cognitively normal older patients undergoing elective surgery recruited as part of the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery study. Each participant was classified either as a SuperAger (n = 19) or typically aging older adult (n = 74) based on neuropsychological criteria, where the former was defined as those older adults whose memory function rivals that of young adults. We compared these subgroups to examine the role of preoperative memory function in the incidence and severity of postoperative delirium. We additionally investigated the association between indices of postoperative delirium symptoms and cortical thickness in functional networks implicated in SuperAging based on structural magnetic resonance imaging data that were collected preoperatively. We found that SuperAging confers the real-world benefit of resilience to delirium, as shown by lower (i.e. zero) incidence of postoperative delirium and decreased severity scores compared with typical older adults. Furthermore, greater baseline cortical thickness of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex—a key node of the brain’s salience network that is also consistently implicated in SuperAging—predicted lower postoperative delirium severity scores in all patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that baseline memory function in older adults may be a useful predictor of postoperative delirium risk and severity and that superior memory function may contribute to resilience to delirium. In particular, the integrity of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex may be a potential biomarker of resilience to delirium, pointing to this region as a potential target for preventive or therapeutic interventions designed to mitigate the risk or consequences of developing this prevalent clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Katsumi
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Michele Cavallari
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Center for Neurologlical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Tamara G Fong
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - David C Alsop
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Joseph M Andreano
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Nicole Carvalho
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Michael Brickhouse
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Richard Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Neurology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School , Providence RI , USA
| | - Towia A Libermann
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Edward R Marcantonio
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Eva Schmitt
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife , Boston MA , USA
| | - Mouhsin M Shafi
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Thomas Travison
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife , Boston MA , USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University , Boston MA , USA
| | - Sharon K Inouye
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
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13
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Lim G, Kim H. Distinctive roles of mPFC subregions in forming impressions and guiding social interaction based on others' social behaviour. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:1118-1130. [PMID: 35579251 PMCID: PMC9714428 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
People can quickly form impressions of others from their social behaviour, which can guide their future social interactions. This study investigated how the type and timing of others' social decisions affect the impression formation and social interactions. In each trial, participants watched a responder's decision in an ultimatum game, decided whether to choose the responder as their next partner for proposer or responder and reported the perceived warmth, competence and likability of the responder. Participants preferred responders who accepted (i.e. accepters) unfair offers for the responder and those who rejected (i.e. rejecters) unfair offers for the proposer in their next ultimatum game, and the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity encoded such a strategic context-dependent valuation when choosing partners. Slow rejecters were perceived as warmer than fast rejecters, which was mirrored by the anterior mid-cingulate cortex activity when watching others' decisions, possibly detecting and resolving conflicting impressions. Finally, those who perceived accepters vs rejecters as warmer showed higher ventral mPFC responses to accepters vs rejecters when choosing a partner, regardless of the context. The present study suggests that distinctive subregions of the mPFC may be differentially involved in forming impressions and guiding social interactions with others based on their social behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahyun Lim
- Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea,School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hackjin Kim
- Correspondence should be addressed to Hackjin Kim, Laboratory of Social and Decision Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
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14
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Effortless training of attention and self-control: mechanisms and applications. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:567-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Nakajima R, Kinoshita M, Nakada M. Simultaneous Damage of the Cingulate Cortex Zone II and Fronto-Striatal Circuit Causes Prolonged Selective Attentional Deficits. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:762578. [PMID: 35002655 PMCID: PMC8740164 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.762578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective attention is essential for successful cognitive performance. Although several brain areas are known to be involved in selective attention, damage to some of these areas does not necessarily cause attentional deficits. In the current study, we hypothesized that damage to specific parts of the right cerebral hemisphere, especially the cingulate cortex (CC), causes prolonged selective attentional deficits, and examined the influence of focal brain damage on selective attention. We recruited 36 patients with right cerebral hemispheric WHO grade 2 and 3 brain tumors who underwent surgery. We assessed selective attention over time from pre-operation to 3 months postoperatively using the cancelation test and color Stroop test, and calculated the percentage of deficit. Additionally, two types of imaging analyses were performed: voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) and multiple logistic regression analysis, to reveal related brain regions for selective attention. Consequently, we found that the CC and deep part of the middle frontal gyrus were associated with deficits in selective attention via VLSM. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the CC zone II at the cortical level (p < 0.0001) and the fronto-striatal tract (FST) at the subcortical level (p = 0.0079) were associated with attentional deficit among several regions identified in the VLSM. At 3 months postoperatively, selective attention was impaired in patients who underwent resection of these regions. Moreover, only patients with simultaneous damage of the CC zone II and FST had prolonged attentional deficits until the chronic phase. Our results suggest that the right CC zone II and FST are critical areas for the selective attentional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Nakajima
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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16
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Zamani A, Carhart-Harris R, Christoff K. Prefrontal contributions to the stability and variability of thought and conscious experience. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:329-348. [PMID: 34545195 PMCID: PMC8616944 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human prefrontal cortex is a structurally and functionally heterogenous brain region, including multiple subregions that have been linked to different large-scale brain networks. It contributes to a broad range of mental phenomena, from goal-directed thought and executive functions to mind-wandering and psychedelic experience. Here we review what is known about the functions of different prefrontal subregions and their affiliations with large-scale brain networks to examine how they may differentially contribute to the diversity of mental phenomena associated with prefrontal function. An important dimension that distinguishes across different kinds of conscious experience is the stability or variability of mental states across time. This dimension is a central feature of two recently introduced theoretical frameworks-the dynamic framework of thought (DFT) and the relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) model-that treat neurocognitive dynamics as central to understanding and distinguishing between different mental phenomena. Here, we bring these two frameworks together to provide a synthesis of how prefrontal subregions may differentially contribute to the stability and variability of thought and conscious experience. We close by considering future directions for this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Zamani
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Robin Carhart-Harris
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kalina Christoff
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Gupta SK, Rutherford N, Dolja-Gore X, Watson T, Nair BR. Regional changes with global brain hypometabolism indicates a physiological triage phenomenon and can explain shared pathophysiological events in Alzheimer's & small vessel diseases and delirium. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 11:492-506. [PMID: 35003887 PMCID: PMC8727878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While reduced global brain metabolism is known in aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), small vessel disease (SVD) and delirium, explanation of regional brain metabolic (rBM) changes is a challenge. We hypothesized that this may be explained by "triage phenomenon", to preserve metabolic supply to vital brain areas. We studied changes in rBM in 69 patients with at least 5% decline in global brain metabolism during active lymphoma. There was significant decline in the rBM of the inferior parietal, precuneus, superior parietal, lateral occipital, primary visual cortices (P<0.001) and in the right lateral prefrontal cortex (P=0.01). Some areas showed no change; multiple areas had significantly increased rBM (e.g. medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, pons, cerebellum and mesial temporal cortices; P<0.001). We conclude the existence of a physiological triage phenomenon and argue a new hypothetical model to explain the shared events in the pathophysiology of aging, AD, SVD and delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Gupta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, John Hunter and Calvary Mater Hospitals, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Rutherford
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, John Hunter and Calvary Mater Hospitals, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Xenia Dolja-Gore
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing (RCGHA), Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tahne Watson
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, John Hunter and Calvary Mater Hospitals, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Balakrishnan R Nair
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
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18
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Sivasathiaseelan H, Marshall CR, Benhamou E, van Leeuwen JEP, Bond RL, Russell LL, Greaves C, Moore KM, Hardy CJD, Frost C, Rohrer JD, Scott SK, Warren JD. Laughter as a paradigm of socio-emotional signal processing in dementia. Cortex 2021; 142:186-203. [PMID: 34273798 PMCID: PMC8438290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Laughter is a fundamental communicative signal in our relations with other people and is used to convey a diverse repertoire of social and emotional information. It is therefore potentially a useful probe of impaired socio-emotional signal processing in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we investigated the cognitive and affective processing of laughter in forty-seven patients representing all major syndromes of frontotemporal dementia, a disease spectrum characterised by severe socio-emotional dysfunction (twenty-two with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, twelve with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, thirteen with nonfluent-agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia), in relation to fifteen patients with typical amnestic Alzheimer's disease and twenty healthy age-matched individuals. We assessed cognitive labelling (identification) and valence rating (affective evaluation) of samples of spontaneous (mirthful and hostile) and volitional (posed) laughter versus two auditory control conditions (a synthetic laughter-like stimulus and spoken numbers). Neuroanatomical associations of laughter processing were assessed using voxel-based morphometry of patients' brain MR images. While all dementia syndromes were associated with impaired identification of laughter subtypes relative to healthy controls, this was significantly more severe overall in frontotemporal dementia than in Alzheimer's disease and particularly in the behavioural and semantic variants, which also showed abnormal affective evaluation of laughter. Over the patient cohort, laughter identification accuracy was correlated with measures of daily-life socio-emotional functioning. Certain striking syndromic signatures emerged, including enhanced liking for hostile laughter in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, impaired processing of synthetic laughter in the nonfluent-agrammatic variant (consistent with a generic complex auditory perceptual deficit) and enhanced liking for numbers ('numerophilia') in the semantic variant. Across the patient cohort, overall laughter identification accuracy correlated with regional grey matter in a core network encompassing inferior frontal and cingulo-insular cortices; and more specific correlates of laughter identification accuracy were delineated in cortical regions mediating affective disambiguation (identification of hostile and posed laughter in orbitofrontal cortex) and authenticity (social intent) decoding (identification of mirthful and posed laughter in anteromedial prefrontal cortex) (all p < .05 after correction for multiple voxel-wise comparisons over the whole brain). These findings reveal a rich diversity of cognitive and affective laughter phenotypes in canonical dementia syndromes and suggest that laughter is an informative probe of neural mechanisms underpinning socio-emotional dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Sivasathiaseelan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Charles R Marshall
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elia Benhamou
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janneke E P van Leeuwen
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Bond
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy L Russell
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Greaves
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina M Moore
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J D Hardy
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Frost
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie K Scott
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Strick PL, Dum RP, Rathelot JA. The Cortical Motor Areas and the Emergence of Motor Skills: A Neuroanatomical Perspective. Annu Rev Neurosci 2021; 44:425-447. [PMID: 33863253 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
What changes in neural architecture account for the emergence and expansion of dexterity in primates? Dexterity, or skill in performing motor tasks, depends on the ability to generate highly fractionated patterns of muscle activity. It also involves the spatiotemporal coordination of activity in proximal and distal muscles across multiple joints. Many motor skills require the generation of complex movement sequences that are only acquired and refined through extensive practice. Improvements in dexterity have enabled primates to manufacture and use tools and humans to engage in skilled motor behaviors such as typing, dance, musical performance, and sports. Our analysis leads to the following synthesis: The neural substrate that endows primates with their enhanced motor capabilities is due, in part, to (a) major organizational changes in the primary motor cortex and (b) the proliferation of output pathways from other areas of the cerebral cortex, especially from the motor areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Strick
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, and Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
| | - Richard P Dum
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, and Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
| | - Jean-Alban Rathelot
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS, and Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
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20
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Kwon JH, Kim HE, Kim J, Kim EJ, Kim JJ. Differences in basic psychological needs-related resting-state functional connectivity between individuals with high and low life satisfaction. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135798. [PMID: 33675884 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Basic psychological needs including autonomy, competence, and relatedness can be affected by the level of life satisfaction. The current research aimed to elucidate differences in the association of these needs and functional connectivity of reward processing and emotion regulation between individuals with high and low life satisfaction. A total of 83 young adults were divided into the high life satisfaction (HLS) and low life satisfaction (LLS) groups and were scanned for 5-min resting-state fMRI. A seed-to-voxel analysis was performed using the seeds of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), medial orbitofrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), insula, and amygdala. Analysis of covariance was conducted to test differences in the association of basic psychological needs and functional connectivity between the two groups. Connectivity strengths between the NAcc and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex and between the sgACC and left ventromedial prefrontal cortex were higher in the HLS group as the autonomy and relatedness scores increased, respectively, whereas in the LLS group as they decreased. Connectivity strengths between the NAcc and right midcingulate cortex and between the sgACC and left fusiform gyrus were higher in the HLS group as the competence and relatedness scores decreased, respectively, but in the LLS group as they increased. These findings suggest that individuals' perceived life satisfaction affects the relationship between the neural mechanism for reward processing and emotion regulation and basic psychological needs support. Psychological need satisfactions seem to have an emotional impact by acting as a contradictory brain mechanism between individuals with high and low life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hee Kwon
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hesun Erin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohan Kim
- Department of Communication, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Graduate School of Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Pan N, Wang S, Zhao Y, Lai H, Qin K, Li J, Biswal BB, Sweeney JA, Gong Q. Brain gray matter structures associated with trait impulsivity: A systematic review and voxel-based meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2214-2235. [PMID: 33599347 PMCID: PMC8046062 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait impulsivity is a multifaceted personality characteristic that contributes to maladaptive life outcomes. Although a growing body of neuroimaging studies have investigated the structural correlates of trait impulsivity, the findings remain highly inconsistent and heterogeneous. Herein, we performed a systematic review to depict an integrated delineation of gray matter (GM) substrates of trait impulsivity and a meta‐analysis to examine concurrence across previous whole‐brain voxel‐based morphometry studies. The systematic review summarized the diverse findings in GM morphometry in the past literature, and the quantitative meta‐analysis revealed impulsivity‐related volumetric GM alterations in prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. In addition, we identified the modulatory effects of age and gender in impulsivity‐GM volume associations. The present study advances understanding of brain GM morphometry features underlying trait impulsivity. The findings may have practical implications in the clinical diagnosis of and intervention for impulsivity‐related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Teacher Education, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Quoilin C, Dricot L, Genon S, de Timary P, Duque J. Neural bases of inhibitory control: Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging in alcohol-use disorder patients. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117435. [PMID: 33039622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control underlies the ability to inhibit inappropriate responses and involves processes that suppress motor excitability. Such motor modulatory effect has been largely described during action preparation but very little is known about the neural circuit responsible for its implementation. Here, we addressed this point by studying the degree to which the extent of preparatory suppression relates to brain morphometry. We investigated this relationship in patients suffering from severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) because this population displays an inconsistent level of preparatory suppression and major structural brain damage, making it a suitable sample to measure such link. To do so, 45 detoxified patients underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and performed a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiment, in which the degree of preparatory suppression was quantified. Besides, behavioral inhibition and trait impulsivity were evaluated in all participants. Overall, whole-brain analyses revealed that a weaker preparatory suppression was associated with a decrease in cortical thickness of a medial prefrontal cluster, encompassing parts of the anterior cingulate cortex and superior-frontal gyrus. In addition, a negative association was observed between the thickness of the supplementary area (SMA)/pre-SMA and behavioral inhibition abilities. Finally, we did not find any significant correlation between preparatory suppression, behavioral inhibition and trait impulsivity, indicating that they represent different facets of inhibitory control. Altogether, the current study provides important insight on the neural regions underlying preparatory suppression and allows highlighting that the excitability of the motor system represents a valuable read-out of upstream cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Quoilin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Ave Mounier, 53 - Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laurence Dricot
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Ave Mounier, 53 - Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Genon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behavior (INM-7), Jülich Forschungszentrum, Germany
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Ave Mounier, 53 - Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of adult psychiatry, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Duque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Ave Mounier, 53 - Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Teubner-Rhodes S. Cognitive Persistence and Executive Function in the Multilingual Brain During Aging. Front Psychol 2020; 11:568702. [PMID: 33013606 PMCID: PMC7494780 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have debated the extent to which the experience of speaking more than two languages induces long-term neuroplasticity that protects multilinguals from the adverse cognitive effects of aging. In this review, I propose a novel theory that multilingualism affects cognitive persistence, the application of effort to improve performance on challenging tasks. I review recent evidence demonstrating that the cingulo-opercular network, consisting of the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), supports cognitive persistence. I then show that this same network is involved in multilingual language control and changes with multilingual language experience. While both early and late multilinguals exhibit differences in the cingulo-opercular network compared to monolinguals, I find that early multilinguals have a pattern of decreased dACC activity and increased left IFG activity that may enable more efficient cognitive control, whereas late multilinguals show larger dACC responses to conflict that may be associated with higher cognitive persistence. I further demonstrate that multilingual effects on the cingulo-opercular network are present in older adults and have been implicated in the mitigation of cognitive symptoms in age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, I argue that mixed results in the literature are due, in part, to the confound between cognitive persistence and ability in most executive function tasks, and I provide guidance for separating these processes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Teubner-Rhodes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Kim H. Stability or Plasticity? - A Hierarchical Allostatic Regulation Model of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Function for Social Valuation. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:281. [PMID: 32296303 PMCID: PMC7138052 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has long been recognized as the key component of the neurocircuitry involved in various social as well as non-social behaviors, however, little is known regarding the organizing principle of distinctive subregions in the mPFC that integrates a wide range of mPFC functions. The present study proposes a hierarchical model of mPFC functionality, where three functionally dissociable subregions, namely, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), rostromedial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC), and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), are differentially involved in computing values of decision-making. According to this model, the mPFC subregions interact with each other in such a way that more dorsal regions utilize additional external sensory information from environment to predict and prevent conflicts occurring in more ventral regions tuned to internal bodily signals, thereby exerting the hierarchically organized allostatic regulatory control over homeostatic reflexes. This model also emphasizes the role of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) in arbitrating the transitions between different thalamo-cortical loops, detecting conflicts between competing options for decision-making, and in shifting flexibly between decision modes. The hierarchical architecture of the mPFC working in conjunction with the TRN may play a key role in adjusting the internal (bodily) needs to suit the constraints of external (environmental) variables better, thus effectively addressing the stability-plasticity dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hackjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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