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Feng S, Yang P, Ren M, Tu Y, Sun H, Lin W, Niu G. Identification and molecular characterization of Wanghe virus: A novel member of the Solinviviridae family from mosquitoes, China. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107322. [PMID: 39004112 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Arboviruses have always been a significant public health concern. Metagenomic surveillance has expanded the number of novel, often unclassified arboviruses, especially mosquito-borne and mosquito-specific viruses. This report presents the first description of a novel single-stranded RNA virus, Wanghe virus, identified from mosquitoes that were collected in Shandong Province in 2022. In this study, a total of 4,795 mosquitoes were collected and then divided into 105 pools according to location and species. QRT-PCR and nested PCR were performed to confirm the presence of Wanghe virus, and its genomic features and phylogenetic relationships were further analyzed. Our results revealed that Wanghe virus was detected in 9 out of the 105 mosquito pools, resulting in a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 0.19 % (9/4,795). One complete genome sequence and three viral partial sequences were obtained from the Wanghe virus-positive pools. Pairwise distance analysis indicated that these amplified sequences shared high nucleotide identity. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Wanghe virus is most closely related to Guiyang Solinvi-like virus 3, which belongs to Solinviviridae. Further analyses indicated that Wanghe virus is a new, unclassified member of Solinviviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Feng
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Zhucheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weifang, 262200, China
| | - Meixi Ren
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yingxin Tu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Hengyi Sun
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Weiping Lin
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Guoyu Niu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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2
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Gomgnimbou MK, Belem LRW, Some K, Diallo M, Barro B, Kaboré A, Hafalla JCR, Sangaré I. Utilization of novel molecular multiplex methods for the detection and, epidemiological surveillance of dengue virus serotypes and chikungunya virus in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:906. [PMID: 39141163 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are major arboviruses that are transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti) and Aedes Albopictus (A. Albopictus) mosquitoes. In absence of specific antivirals and vaccine against these two viruses, prompt diagnosis of acute infections and robust surveillance for outbreak identification remain crucial. Therefore, rapid, robust, high-throughput, accessible, and low-cost assays are essential for endemic countries. This study evaluated our recently developed multiplex RT-PCR and RT-qPCR assays to screen for DENV1-4 and CHIKV circulation in Burkina Faso. METHODS AND RESULTS This study, conducted between June to August 2023, enrolled patients with suspected arbovirus infection presenting at healthcare facilities in three Burkina Faso cities (Bobo-Dioulasso, Houndé, and Ouagadougou). Serum samples were collected and screened for DENV serotypes and CHIKV using our newly multiplex RT-PCR and RT-q PCR techniques recently developed. A total of 408 patients (age median = 33, range from 3 to 84 years) participated in this study. Of these, 13.7% (56/408) had DENV infection; DENV-1 was 32.1% (18/56) and DENV-3 was 67.9% (38/56). DENV-2, DENV-4 and CHIKV were not detected. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the effectiveness of our molecular methods for DENV detection and serotyping in Burkina Faso. The affordability of our methods makes them valuable for implementing widespread routine clinical diagnostics or arbovirus surveillance in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Kiréopori Gomgnimbou
- Centre d'Excellence Africain en Innovations Biotechnologiques pour l'Elimination des Maladies à Transmission Vectorielle (CEA/ITECH-MTV), Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
- Laboratoire de Recherche, Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (IN.S.SA), Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Louis Robert Wendyam Belem
- Centre d'Excellence Africain en Innovations Biotechnologiques pour l'Elimination des Maladies à Transmission Vectorielle (CEA/ITECH-MTV), Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Recherche, Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Kouadou Some
- Centre médical avec antenne chirurgicale (CMA), Houndé, Burkina Faso
| | - Madina Diallo
- Centre médical avec antenne chirurgicale (CMA) de Do, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Bakari Barro
- Centre médical avec antenne chirurgicale (CMA), Houndé, Burkina Faso
| | - Antoinette Kaboré
- Laboratoire National de Référence, Institut National de Santé Publique (LNR/INSP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Julius Clemence R Hafalla
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Ibrahim Sangaré
- Centre d'Excellence Africain en Innovations Biotechnologiques pour l'Elimination des Maladies à Transmission Vectorielle (CEA/ITECH-MTV), Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Recherche, Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (IN.S.SA), Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô (CHUSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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3
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Li Y, Peng J, Li H, Zhang R, Chen J, Hou X, Yang G. Integrating pyriproxyfen into the incompatible insect technique enhances mosquito population suppression efficiency and eliminates the risk of population replacement. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39072896 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incompatible insect technique (IIT) has been used for Aedes mosquito population suppression to curb the transmission of dengue. However, its wide application is limited owing to the low output of male mosquitoes and the risk of population replacement from the release of fertile Wolbachia-infected females. This study aims to improve IIT efficiency for broader adoption. RESULTS We assessed the impact of 10% pyriproxyfen (PPF) sticky powder exposure on Wolbachia (from Culex molestus)-transinfected Aedes albopictus Guangzhou line (GUA line) (GC) mosquitoes. We found that the exposure caused chronic toxicity in adult mosquitoes without affecting the cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI)-inducing capability of males. The PPF-contaminated GC females exhibited significant sterilization and the ability to disseminate lethal doses of PPF to breeding sites. Subsequently, we conducted a field trial combining PPF with IIT aiming to suppress the Ae. albopictus population. This combined approach, termed boosted IIT (BIIT), showed a notable enhancement in population suppression efficiency. The improved efficacy of BIIT was attributed to the dispersion of PPF particles in the field via the released PPF-contaminated male mosquitoes. During the BIIT field trial, no Wolbachia wPip-positive Ae. albopictus larvae were detected, indicating the effective elimination of the risk of Wolbachia-induced population replacement. Additionally, the field trial of BIIT against Ae. albopictus resulted in the suppression of the nontarget mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the remarkable efficiency and feasibility of combining IIT with PPF in suppressing mosquito populations, facilitating the widespread implementation of IIT-based management of mosquito-borne diseases. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiameng Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiexia Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Lu J, Liu J, Wu Y, He X, Gao X, Chen X, Chen S, Zhu X, Peng Y, Xiao G, Pan X. A full-length glycoprotein mRNA vaccine confers complete protection against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, with broad-spectrum protective effects against bandaviruses. J Virol 2024; 98:e0076924. [PMID: 38829138 PMCID: PMC11265342 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00769-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic viruses from family Phenuiviridae, which are mainly transmitted by arthropods, have intermittently sparked epidemics worldwide. In particular, tick-borne bandaviruses, such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), continue to spread in mountainous areas, resulting in an average mortality rate as high as 10.5%, highlighting the urgency and importance of vaccine development. Here, an mRNA vaccine developed based on the full-length SFTSV glycoprotein, containing both the receptor-binding domain and the fusion domain, was shown to confer complete protection against SFTSV at a very low dose by triggering a type 1 helper T cell-biased cellular immune response in rodents. Moreover, the vaccine candidate elicited long-term immunity and protection against SFTSV for at least 5 months. Notably, it provided complete cross-protection against other bandaviruses, such as the Heartland virus and Guertu virus, in lethal challenge models. Further research revealed that the conserved epitopes among bandaviruses within the full-length SFTSV glycoprotein may facilitate broad-spectrum protection mediated by the cellular immune response. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the full-length SFTSV glycoprotein mRNA vaccine is a promising vaccine candidate for SFTSV and other bandaviruses, and provide guidance for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines from conserved antigens and epitopes. IMPORTANCE Tick-borne bandaviruses, such as SFTSV and Heartland virus, sporadically trigger outbreaks in addition to influenza viruses and coronaviruses, yet there are no specific vaccines or therapeutics against them. mRNA vaccine technology has advantages in terms of enabling in situ expression and triggering cellular immunity, thus offering new solutions for vaccine development against intractable viruses, such as bandaviruses. In this study, we developed a novel vaccine candidate for SFTSV by employing mRNA vaccination technology and using a full-length glycoprotein as an antigen target. This candidate vaccine confers complete and durable protection against SFTSV at a notably low dose while also providing cross-protection against Heartland virus and Guertu virus. This study highlights the prospective value of full-length SFTSV-glycoprotein-based mRNA vaccines and suggests a potential strategy for broad-spectrum bandavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Liverna Therapeutics Inc., Zhuhai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xuerui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucai Peng
- Liverna Therapeutics Inc., Zhuhai, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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5
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Nag DK, Efner KJ. Transovarial Transmission of Cell-Fusing Agent Virus in Naturally Infected Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Viruses 2024; 16:1116. [PMID: 39066278 PMCID: PMC11281400 DOI: 10.3390/v16071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne arboviruses include several pathogens that are responsible for many diseases of significant public health burden. Mosquitoes also host many insect-specific viruses that cannot replicate in vertebrate cells. These insect-specific viruses persist in nature predominantly via vertical transmission (VT), and they exhibit high VT rates (VTRs). Cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV), an insect-specific orthoflavivirus, shows high VTRs in naturally infected mosquitoes but not in artificially infected mosquitoes. To determine whether the high VTRs are due to transovarial transmission, we investigated VT and ovary infection patterns in naturally CFAV-infected Aedes aegypti (Bangkok) mosquitoes. VT was monitored by detecting CFAV among the progeny by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and ovary infection was determined by in situ hybridization using a virus-specific probe. We showed that in CFAV-positive mosquitoes, ovarian follicles were infected, suggesting that VT occurs by transovarial transmission in naturally infected mosquitoes. Additionally, mosquitoes harbored dormant, non-replicative CFAV that remained below the detection level. These results suggested that CFAV persists via VT in nature and has the potential to remain dormant in diapausing mosquitoes during unfavorable conditions. Understanding this VT mechanism is crucial for comprehending the persistence of insect-specific viruses (and potentially dual-host arboviruses) in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Nag
- Griffin Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA;
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da Silva WJ, Diel LF, Pilz-Júnior HL, de Lemos AB, de Freitas Milagres T, Pereira ILG, Bernardi L, Ribeiro BM, Lamers ML, Schrekker HS, da Silva OS. Imidazolium salt's toxic effects in larvae and cells of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Sci Rep 2024; 14:15421. [PMID: 38965297 PMCID: PMC11224238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the main vectors of arboviruses such as Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, causing a major impact on global economic and public health. The main way to prevent these diseases is vector control, which is carried out through physical and biological methods, in addition to environmental management. Although chemical insecticides are the most effective strategy, they present some problems such as vector resistance and ecotoxicity. Recent research highlights the potential of the imidazolium salt "1-methyl-3-octadecylimidazolium chloride" (C18MImCl) as an innovative and environmentally friendly solution against Ae. aegypti. Despite its promising larvicidal activity, the mode of action of C18MImCl in mosquito cells and tissues remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate its impacts on Ae. aegypti larvae and three cell lines of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, comparing the cellular effects with those on human cells. Cell viability assays and histopathological analyses of treated larvae were conducted. Results revealed the imidazolium salt's high selectivity (> 254) for mosquito cells over human cells. After salt ingestion, the mechanism of larval death involves toxic effects on midgut cells. This research marks the first description of an imidazolium salt's action on mosquito cells and midgut tissues, showcasing its potential for the development of a selective and sustainable strategy for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Junior da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Francisco Diel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Harry Luiz Pilz-Júnior
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bittencourt de Lemos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio de Freitas Milagres
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Igor Luiz Gonçalves Pereira
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bernardi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Department of Celular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Henri Stephan Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Onilda Santos da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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7
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Wang ZY, Nie KX, Niu JC, Cheng G. Research progress toward the influence of mosquito salivary proteins on the transmission of mosquito-borne viruses. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:663-673. [PMID: 37017683 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) are a large class of viruses transmitted mainly through mosquito bites, including dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and chikungunya virus, which pose a major threat to the health of people around the world. With global warming and extended human activities, the incidence of many MBVs has increased significantly. Mosquito saliva contains a variety of bioactive protein components. These not only enable blood feeding but also play a crucial role in regulating local infection at the bite site and the remote dissemination of MBVs as well as in remodeling the innate and adaptive immune responses of host vertebrates. Here, we review the physiological functions of mosquito salivary proteins (MSPs) in detail, the influence and the underlying mechanism of MSPs on the transmission of MBVs, and the current progress and issues that urgently need to be addressed in the research and development of MSP-based MBV transmission blocking vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Wang
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai-Xiao Nie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ji-Chen Niu
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Ramírez RMG, Bohers C, Mousson L, Madec Y, Vazeille M, Piorkowski G, Moutailler S, Diaz FJ, Rúa-Uribe G, Villar LA, de Lamballerie X, Failloux AB. Increased threat of urban arboviral diseases from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Colombia. IJID REGIONS 2024; 11:100360. [PMID: 38596820 PMCID: PMC11002806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Our study targets the potential of the local urban mosquito Aedes aegypti to experimentally transmit chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Methods We collected eggs and adults of Ae. aegypti in Medellín, Colombia (from February to March 2020) for mosquito experimental infections with DENV, CHIKV, YFV and ZIKV and viral detection using the BioMark Dynamic arrays system. Results We show that Ae. aegypti from Medellín was more prone to become infected, to disseminate and transmit CHIKV and ZIKV than DENV and YFV. Conclusions Thus, in Colombia, chikungunya is the most serious threat to public health based on our vector competence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Margarita Gélvez Ramírez
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
- Centro de Atención y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Infecciosas-CDI, Grupo INFOVIDA, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Chloé Bohers
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases unit, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vazeille
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Francisco J Diaz
- Grupo de Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Guillermo Rúa-Uribe
- Grupo Entomología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luis Angel Villar
- Centro de Atención y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Infecciosas-CDI, Grupo INFOVIDA, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
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Kumar S, Joshi N, Choudhir G, Sharma S, Tiwari A, Alharbi SA, Alfarraj S, Ansari MJ. Halogenated Secondary Metabolites from Higher Plants: Potent Drug Candidates for Chikungunya Using in silico Approaches. Pol J Microbiol 2024; 73:207-215. [PMID: 38905281 PMCID: PMC11192229 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2024-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a debilitating fever and joint pain, with no specific antiviral treatment available. Halogenated secondary metabolites from plants are a promising new class of drug candidates against chikungunya, with unique properties that make them effective against the virus. Plants produce these compounds to defend themselves against pests and pathogens, and they are effective against a wide range of viruses, including chikungunya. This study investigated the interactions of halogenated secondary metabolites with nsP2pro, a therapeutic target for CHIKV. A library of sixty-six halogenated plant metabolites screened previously for ADME properties was used. Metabolites without violation of Lipinski's rule were docked with nsP2pro using AutoDock Vina. To find the stability of the pipoxide chlorohydrin-nsP2pro complex, the GROMACS suite was used for MD simulation. The binding free energy of the ligand-protein complex was computed using MMPBSA. Molecular docking studies revealed that halogenated metabolites interact with nsP2pro, suggesting they are possible inhibitors. Pipoxide chlorohydrin showed the greatest affinity to the target. This was further confirmed by the MD simulations, surface accessible area, and MMPBSA studies. Pipoxide chlorohydrin, a halogenated metabolite, was the most potent against nsP2pro in the survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Shaheed Mangal Pandey Government Girls Post Graduate College, Meerut, India
| | - Nidhi Joshi
- Department of the Pharmacology University of Minnesota Twin City Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gourav Choudhir
- Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Botany, Shaheed Mangal Pandey Government Girls Post Graduate College, Meerut, India
| | - Abhay Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Hindu College Moradabad (MahatmaJyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India
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Chen B, Cao G, Chen Y, Zhang T, Zhou G, Yang X. Reduced cold tolerance of viral-infected leafhoppers attenuates viral persistent epidemics. mBio 2024; 15:e0321123. [PMID: 38564693 PMCID: PMC11077983 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03211-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Most arthropod-borne viruses produce intermittent epidemics in infected plants. However, the underlying mechanisms of these epidemics are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV), a viral pathogen, significantly increases the mortality of its overwintering vector, the leafhopper species Recilia dorsalis. Cold-stress assays indicated that RSMV reduces the cold tolerance of leafhoppers, a process associated with the downregulation of leafhopper cuticular protein genes. An RSMV-derived small RNA (vsiR-t00355379) was found to facilitate the downregulation of a leafhopper endocuticle gene that is mainly expressed in the abdomen (named RdABD-5) and is conserved across dipteran species. The downregulation of RdABD-5 expression in R. dorsalis resulted in fewer and thinner endocuticle lamellae, leading to decreased cold tolerance. This effect was correlated with a reduced incidence rate of RSMV in early-planted rice plants. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanism by which viral pathogens reduce cold tolerance in arthropod vectors and suggest an approach to managing the fluctuating prevalence of arboviruses. IMPORTANCE Increasing arthropod vector dispersal rates have increased the susceptibility of crop to epidemic viral diseases. However, the incidence of some viral diseases fluctuates annually. In this study, we demonstrated that a rice virus reduces the cold tolerance of its leafhopper vector, Recilia dorsalis. This effect is linked to the virus-derived small RNA-mediated downregulation of a gene encoding a leafhopper abdominal endocuticle protein. Consequently, the altered structural composition of the abdominal endocuticle reduces the overwinter survival of leafhoppers, resulting in a lower incidence of RSMV infection in early-planted rice plants. Our findings illustrate the important roles of RNA interference in virus-vector insect-environment interactions and help explain the annual fluctuations of viral disease epidemics in rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gehui Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Leandro ADS, Pires-Vieira LH, Lopes RD, Rivas AV, Amaral C, Silva I, Maciel-de-Freitas R, Chiba de Castro WA. Optimising the surveillance of Aedes aegypti in Brazil by selecting smaller representative areas within an endemic city. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:414-423. [PMID: 38469931 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arboviruses, such as dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV), constitute a growing urban public health threat. Focusing on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, their primary vectors, is crucial for mitigation. While traditional immature-stage mosquito surveillance has limitations, capturing adult mosquitoes through traps yields more accurate data on disease transmission. However, deploying traps presents logistical and financial challenges, demonstrating effective temporal predictions but lacking spatial accuracy. Our goal is to identify smaller representative areas within cities to enhance the early warning system for DENV outbreaks. METHODS We created Sentinel Geographic Units (SGUs), smaller areas of 1 km2 within each stratum, larger areas, with the aim of aligning the Trap Positivity Index (TPI) and Adult Density Index (ADI) with their respective strata. We conducted a two-step evaluation of SGUs. First, we examined the equivalence of TPI and ADI between SGUs and strata from January 2017 to July 2022. Second, we assessed the ability of SGU's TPI and ADI to predict DENV outbreaks in comparison to Foz do Iguaçu's Early-Warning System, which forecasts outbreaks up to 4 weeks ahead. Spatial and temporal analyses were carried out, including data interpolation and model selection based on Akaike information criteria (AIC). RESULTS Entomological indicators produced in small SGUs can effectively replace larger sentinel areas to access dengue outbreaks. Based on historical data, the best predictive capability is achieved 2 weeks after infestation verification. Implementing the SGU strategy with more frequent sampling can provide more precise space-time estimates and enhance dengue control. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of SGUs offers an efficient way to monitor mosquito populations, reducing the need for extensive resources. This approach has the potential to improve dengue transmission management and enhance the public health response in endemic cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- André de Souza Leandro
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Defante Lopes
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Açucena Veleh Rivas
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis at Hospital Ministro Costa Cavalcanti, Itaiguapy Foundation, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caroline Amaral
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isaac Silva
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wagner A Chiba de Castro
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
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12
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Cerri J, Sciandra C, Contardo T, Bertolino S. Local Economic Conditions Affect Aedes albopictus Management. ECOHEALTH 2024; 21:9-20. [PMID: 38658454 PMCID: PMC11127834 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-024-01682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Invasive mosquitoes are an emerging public health issue, as many species are competent vectors for pathogens. We assessed how multiple environmental and socio-economic factors affected the engagement of municipalities in Italy (n = 7679) in actions against Aedes albopictus, an invasive mosquito affecting human health and well-being, between 2000 and 2020. We collected information about mosquito control from official documents and municipal websites and modeled the role played by multiple environmental and socioeconomic factors characterizing each municipality through the random forest algorithm. Municipalities are more prone to manage A. albopictus if more urbanized, in lowlands and with long infestation periods. Moreover, these variables are more predictive of management in municipalities with a high median income and thus more economic resources. Only 25.5% of Italian municipalities approved regulations for managing A. albopictus, and very few of them were in Southern Italy, the most deprived area of the country. Our findings indicate that local economic conditions moderate the effect of other drivers of mosquito control and ultimately can lead to better management of A. albopictus. If the management of invasive mosquitoes, or other forms of global change, is subjected to local economic conditions, economic inequalities will jeopardize the success of large-scale policies, also raising issues of environmental and climate justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Cerri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sciandra
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Contardo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio, Ambiente e di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandro Bertolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
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13
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Meier CJ, Hillyer JF. Larvicidal activity of the photosensitive insecticides, methylene blue and rose bengal, in Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:296-306. [PMID: 37682561 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticides are critical for controlling mosquito populations and mitigating the spread of vector-borne disease, but their overuse has selected for resistant populations. A promising alternative to classical chemical insecticides is photosensitive molecules - here called photosensitive insecticides or PSIs - that when ingested and activated by light, generate broadly toxic reactive oxygen species. This mechanism of indiscriminate oxidative damage decreases the likelihood that target site modification-based resistance evolves. Here, we tested whether the PSIs, methylene blue (MB) and rose bengal (RB), are viable insecticides across the mosquito lineage. RESULTS MB and RB are phototoxic to both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae at micromolar concentrations, with greatest toxicity when larvae are incubated in the dark with the PSIs for 2 h prior to photoactivation. MB is ten times more toxic than RB, and microscopy-based imaging suggests that this is because ingested MB escapes the larval gut and disperses throughout the hemocoel whereas RB remains confined to the gut. Adding food to the PSI-containing water has a bidirectional, concentration-dependent effect on PSI toxicity; toxicity increases at high concentrations but decreases at low concentrations. Finally, adding sand to the water increases the phototoxicity of RB to Ae. aegypti. CONCLUSION MB and RB are larvicidal via a light activated mechanism, and therefore, should be further investigated as an option for mosquito control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole J Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julián F Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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14
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Thambi PJ, Modahl CM, Kini RM. Niemann-Pick Type C2 Proteins in Aedes aegypti: Molecular Modelling and Prediction of Their Structure-Function Relationships. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1684. [PMID: 38338961 PMCID: PMC10855982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a major vector that transmits arboviruses through the saliva injected into the host. Salivary proteins help in uninterrupted blood intake and enhance the transmission of pathogens. We studied Niemann-Pick Type C2 (NPC2) proteins, a superfamily of saliva proteins that play an important role in arbovirus infections. In vertebrates, a single conserved gene encodes for the NPC2 protein that functions in cholesterol trafficking. Arthropods, in contrast, have several genes that encode divergent NPC2 proteins. We compared the sequences of 20 A. aegypti NPC2 proteins to the cholesterol-binding residues of human and bovine, and fatty-acid-binding residues of ant NPC2 protein. We identified four mosquito NPC2 proteins as potential sterol-binding proteins. Two of these proteins (AAEL006854 and/or AAEL020314) may play a key role in ecdysteroid biosynthesis and moulting. We also identified one mosquito NPC2 protein as a potential fatty-acid-binding protein. Through molecular modelling, we predicted the structures of the potential sterol- and fatty-acid-binding proteins and compared them to the reference proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra M. Modahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - R. Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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15
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Suresh Y, Azil AH, Abdullah SR. A scoping review on the use of different blood sources and components in the artificial membrane feeding system and its effects on blood-feeding and fecundity rate of Aedes aegypti. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295961. [PMID: 38252615 PMCID: PMC10802938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In some laboratories, mosquitoes' direct blood-feeding on live animals has been replaced with various membrane blood-feeding systems. The selection of blood meal sources used in membrane feeding is crucial in vector mass rearing as it influences the mosquitoes' development and reproductive fitness. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to evaluate the existing literature on the use of different blood sources and components in artificial membrane feeding systems and their effects on blood-feeding and the fecundity rate of Ae. aegypti. A literature review search was conducted by using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR). The EndNote version 20 software was used to import all searched articles. Relevant information was retrieved for analysis into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. A total of 104 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility criteria, whereby the articles should include the comparison between different types of blood source by using the membrane feeding systems. Only 16 articles were finally included in the analysis. Several studies had reported that human blood was superior in blood-feeding Ae. aegypti as compared to sheep blood which resulted in lower fecundity due to accumulation of free fatty acids (FFA) in the cuticles. In contrast, cattle whole blood and pig whole blood showed no significant differences in the blood-feeding and fecundity rate as compared to human blood. This review also indicated that bovine whole blood and pig whole blood enhanced Ae. aegypti's vitellogenesis and egg production as compared to plasma and blood cells. In addition, human blood of up to 10 days after the expiration date could still be used to establish Ae. aegypti colonies with good blood-feeding rates and number of eggs produced. Thus, future studies must consider the importance of selecting suitable blood sources and components for membrane blood feeding especially in mosquito colonisation and control measure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraahnee Suresh
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aishah Hani Azil
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syamsa Rizal Abdullah
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Laverdeur J, Desmecht D, Hayette MP, Darcis G. Dengue and chikungunya: future threats for Northern Europe? FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 4:1342723. [PMID: 38456075 PMCID: PMC10911022 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2024.1342723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viral diseases are likely to be affected by the consequences of climate change with an increase in their distribution and intensity. Among these infectious diseases, chikungunya and dengue viruses are two (re)emergent arboviruses transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes and which have recently demonstrated their capacity for rapid expansion. They most often cause mild diseases, but they can both be associated with complications and severe forms. In Europe, following the establishment of invasive Aedes spp, the first outbreaks of autochtonous dengue and chikungunya have already occurred. Northern Europe is currently relatively spared, but climatic projections show that the conditions are permissive for the establishment of Aedes albopictus (also known as the tiger mosquito) in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to question and improve the means of surveillance in northern Europe, at the dawn of inevitable future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Laverdeur
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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17
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Zhou N, Huang E, Guo X, Xiong Y, Xie J, Cai T, Du Y, Wu Q, Guo S, Han W, Zhang H, Xing D, Zhao T, Jiang Y. Cell fusing agent virus isolated from Aag2 cells does not vertically transmit in Aedes aegypti via artificial infection. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:402. [PMID: 37932781 PMCID: PMC10626676 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) was the first insect-specific virus to be characterized, and has been reported to negatively influence the growth of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and La Cross, making it a promising biocontrol agent for mosquito-borne disease prevention. Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells were naturally infected with CFAV. However, the ability of this virus to stably colonize an Ae. aegypti population via artificial infection and how it influences the vector competence of this mosquito have yet to be demonstrated. METHODS CFAV used in this study was harvested from Aag2 cells and its complete genome sequence was obtained by polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends, followed by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of newly identified CFAV sequences and other sequences retrieved from GenBank was performed. CFAV stock was inoculated into Ae. aegypti by intrathoracic injection, the survival of parental mosquitoes was monitored and CFAV copies in the whole bodies, ovaries, and carcasses of the injected F0 generation and in the whole bodies of the F1 generation on different days were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The virus harvested from Aag2 cells comprised a mixture of three CFAV strains. All genome sequences of CFAV derived from Aag2 cells clustered into one clade but were far from those isolated or identified from Ae. aegypti. Aag2-derived CFAV efficiently replicated in the mosquito body and did not attenuate the survival of Ae. aegypti. However, the viral load in the ovarian tissues was much lower than that in other tissues and the virus could not passage to the offspring by vertical transmission. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that Aag2-derived CFAV was not vertically transmitted in Ae. aegypti and provide valuable information on the colonization of mosquitoes by this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Zhou
- Public Health School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Enjiong Huang
- Fuzhou International Travel Healthcare Center, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yiping Xiong
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Public Health School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yutong Du
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Qixing Wu
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sihan Guo
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Wanrong Han
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Hengduan Zhang
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tongyan Zhao
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Tang X, Li R, Qi Y, Li W, Liu Z, Wu J. The identification and genetic characteristics of Quang Binh virus from field-captured Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Guizhou Province, China. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:318. [PMID: 37679786 PMCID: PMC10486134 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes carry a variety of viruses that can cause disease in humans, animals and livestock. Surveys for viruses carried by wild mosquitoes can significantly contribute to surveillance efforts and early detection systems. In addition to mosquito-borne viruses, mosquitoes harbor many insect-specific viruses (ISVs). Quang Binh virus (QBV) is one such example, categorized as an ISV within the Flavivirus genus (family Flaviviridae). QBV has been specifically documented in Vietnam and China, with reports limited to several mosquito species. METHODS The homogenate obtained from female mosquitoes was cultured on C6/36 (Aedes albopictus) and BHK-21 (baby hamster kidney) cell lines. Positive cultures were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT‒PCR) with taxon- or species-specific primers. Next-generation sequencing was employed to sequence the complete genomes of the identified positive samples. Subsequently, phylogenetic, gene homology, molecular evolutionary and genetic variation analyses were conducted. RESULT In 2021, a total of 32,177 adult female mosquitoes were collected from 15 counties in Guizhou Province, China. The predominant mosquito species identified were Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Armigeres subalbatus and Anopheles sinensis. Among the collected mosquitoes, three positive cultures were obtained from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus pools, revealing the presence of Quang Binh virus (QBV) RNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three Guizhou isolates, along with the prototype isolate from Vietnam, formed distinct branches. These branches were primarily closely related to other QBV isolates reported in China. Comparative analysis revealed a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid homology between the Guizhou isolates and both Vietnamese and other indigenous Chinese isolates. Additionally, nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) were observed in these strains compared to the QBV prototype strain. CONCLUSION This study represents the first report of QBV presences in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in Guizhou Province, China. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the three Guizhou isolates were most closely related to the QBV genes found in China. In addition, the study of the genetic characteristics and variation of this virus provided a deeper understanding of QBV and enriched the baseline data of these insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Tang
- Characteristic Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Rongting Li
- Characteristic Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA, 93611, USA
| | - Weiyi Li
- Characteristic Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Characteristic Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiahong Wu
- Characteristic Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Delrieu M, Martinet JP, O’Connor O, Viennet E, Menkes C, Burtet-Sarramegna V, Frentiu FD, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M. Temperature and transmission of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses: A systematic review of experimental studies on Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 4:100139. [PMID: 37719233 PMCID: PMC10500480 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. In recent years, modelling studies have shown that climate change strongly influences vector-borne disease transmission, particularly rising temperatures. As a result, the risk of epidemics has increased, posing a significant public health risk. This review aims to summarize all published laboratory experimental studies carried out over the years to determine the impact of temperature on the transmission of arboviruses by the mosquito vector. Given their high public health importance, we focus on dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, which are transmitted by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Following PRISMA guidelines, 34 papers were included in this systematic review. Most studies found that increasing temperatures result in higher rates of infection, dissemination, and transmission of these viruses in mosquitoes, although several studies had differing findings. Overall, the studies reviewed here suggest that rising temperatures due to climate change would alter the vector competence of mosquitoes to increase epidemic risk, but that some critical research gaps remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méryl Delrieu
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Jean-Philippe Martinet
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Olivia O’Connor
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology,
Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Christophe Menkes
- ENTROPIE, IRD, University of New Caledonia, University of La Réunion,
CNRS, Ifremer, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Valérie Burtet-Sarramegna
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), University of New
Caledonia, 45 Avenue James Cook - BP R4 98 851 - Nouméa Cedex, New
Caledonia
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, And Centre for Immunology and Infection
Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000,
Australia
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
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20
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Andrew A, Citartan M, Wong KA, Tang TH, Magdline Sia Henry S, Ch'ng ES. Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of a TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Chikungunya Virus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0008823. [PMID: 37272795 PMCID: PMC10433969 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00088-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the general symptoms presented by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-infected patients, a laboratory test is needed to differentiate CHIKV from other viral infections. The reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool, and several assays have been developed for detecting and quantifying CHIKV. Since real-time amplification efficiency varies within and between laboratories, an assay must be validated before being used on patient samples. In this study, the diagnostic performance of a TaqMan RT-qPCR assay was evaluated using synthetic RNA and archived patient samples. The cutoff quantification cycle (Cq) value for the assay was determined by experimental evidence. We found the in-house assay was highly sensitive, with a detection limit of 3.95 RNA copies/reaction. The analytical specificity of the assay was 100%. The analytical cutoff Cq value was 37, corresponding to the mean Cq value of the detection limit. Using archived samples characterized previously, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 76% and 100%, respectively. The in-house assay was also compared with a commercial assay, and we found that the in-house assay had higher sensitivity. Although further evaluation with prospective patient samples is needed in the future, this validated RT-qPCR was sensitive and specific, which shows its potential to detect CHIKV in clinical samples. IMPORTANCE Chikungunya virus causes chikungunya fever, a disease characterized by fever, rash, and joint pain. In the early phase of infection, chikungunya fever is always misdiagnosed as other arbovirus infections, such as dengue. Laboratory tests such as RT-qPCR are therefore necessary to confirm CHIKV infection. We evaluated the performance of an in-house RT-qPCR assay, and our study shows that the assay could detect CHIKV in clinical samples. We also show the cutoff determination of the assay, which provides important guidance to scientists or researchers when implementing a new RT-qPCR assay in a laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrew
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Marimuthu Citartan
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kiing Aik Wong
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Thean Hock Tang
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sum Magdline Sia Henry
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ewe Seng Ch'ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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21
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Körsten C, Vasić A, AL-Hosary AA, Tews BA, Răileanu C, Silaghi C, Schäfer M. Excretion Dynamics of Arboviruses in Mosquitoes and the Potential Use in Vector Competence Studies and Arbovirus Surveillance. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:410. [PMID: 37624347 PMCID: PMC10459540 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing threat of arboviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) requires the fast and efficient surveillance of these viruses. The examination of mosquitoes takes up an important part; however, these investigations are usually very time-consuming. An alternative sample type for arbovirus surveillance might be mosquito excreta. In order to determine the excretion dynamics under laboratory conditions, laboratory colonies of Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens biotype molestus were infected with WNV, USUV or tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). After infection, the excreta were sampled and investigated for viral RNA. Excretion of viral RNA together with infectious blood meal could be detected up to five days after infection. Further excretion seemed to correlate with a disseminated infection in mosquitoes, at least after USUV infection. In addition, it could be determined that the amount of viral RNA in the excretions correlated positively with the viral load in the mosquito bodies. Overall, this study shows that the usage of mosquito excreta as a sample type for surveillance enables the detection of endemic viruses (WNV, USUV) as well as non-mosquito-borne viruses (TBEV). In addition, examination of viral shedding during vector competence studies can provide insights into the course of infection without sacrificing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Körsten
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
| | - Ana Vasić
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
- Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Amira A. AL-Hosary
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Birke A. Tews
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
| | - Cristian Răileanu
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
| | - Cornelia Silaghi
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
| | - Mandy Schäfer
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
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22
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Prince BC, Walsh E, Torres TZB, Rückert C. Recognition of Arboviruses by the Mosquito Immune System. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1159. [PMID: 37509194 PMCID: PMC10376960 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) pose a significant threat to both human and animal health worldwide. These viruses are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, or biting midges to humans or animals. In humans, arbovirus infection often results in mild flu-like symptoms, but severe disease and death also occur. There are few vaccines available, so control efforts focus on the mosquito population and virus transmission control. One area of research that may enable the development of new strategies to control arbovirus transmission is the field of vector immunology. Arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, have coevolved with arboviruses, resulting in a balance of virus replication and vector immune responses. If this balance were disrupted, virus transmission would likely be reduced, either through reduced replication, or even through enhanced replication, resulting in mosquito mortality. The first step in mounting any immune response is to recognize the presence of an invading pathogen. Recent research advances have been made to tease apart the mechanisms of arbovirus detection by mosquitoes. Here, we summarize what is known about arbovirus recognition by the mosquito immune system, try to generate a comprehensive picture, and highlight where there are still gaps in our current understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Prince
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Elizabeth Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Tran Zen B Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Claudia Rückert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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23
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Frota CC, Correia FGS, Alves Vasconcelos LR, de Sousa PRC, Ferreira MLDS, Saraiva SP, Mota Ferreira R, Romcy KAM, Pinheiro RF, de Oliveira RTG, Pinheiro Júnior FML, Martins AF, Sanhueza-Sanzana C, de Almeida RLF, Kendall C, Coelho ICB, Pires Neto RDJ, Aguiar ÍWO, Kerr LRFS. Positivity of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika infections in women in Northeast Brazil post-Zika epidemic. Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:485-492. [PMID: 36316985 PMCID: PMC10262776 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2142187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The state of Ceará, in the Northeast Region of Brazil, presents the simultaneous circulation of Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. In 2017 there were a high number of cases of these three arboviruses, especially CHIKV. Here, we detected the presence of arboviruses ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV and their coinfections in women in endemic regions of the city of Fortaleza, Ceará in a post-Zika epidemic year. Sociodemographic and environmental characteristics associated with arbovirus positivity were also analyzed. Women (n = 1289) between 15 and 39 years old were included. RT-qPCR was performed for virus detection and IgM antibody positivity was also analyzed. One hundred and six (8.3%) participants were positive for one or more arboviruses. Monoinfections (76; 5.9%) were distributed between 22 (1.7%) for ZIKV, 39 (3.1%) for DENV and 15 (1.2%) for CHIKV. Co-infections were detected in 30 (2.3%) of the positive participants and one case with triple infection was found. IgM positivity was found in 2.4% of ZIKV RT-qPCR, 9.6% of DENV and 16.3% of CHIKV. RT-qPCR positivity for arboviruses was associated with low socioeconomic class and presence of a water box sealing in the household. A higher positivity to the three viruses occurred in the month with the lowest wind velocity, which was also preceded by the highest peak of rain and humidity. We identified the simultaneous circulation and co-infection of ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV in Fortaleza in a post-Zika epidemic year. We also highlight the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance combined with molecular diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Susy Pereira Saraiva
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carl Kendall
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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24
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Xu J, Wahaab A, Khan S, Nawaz M, Anwar MN, Liu K, Wei J, Hameed M, Ma Z. Recent Population Dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1312. [PMID: 37376612 DOI: 10.3390/v15061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes acute viral encephalitis in humans and reproductive disorders in pigs. JEV emerged during the 1870s in Japan, and since that time, JEV has been transmitted exclusively throughout Asia, according to known reporting and sequencing records. A recent JEV outbreak occurred in Australia, affecting commercial piggeries across different temperate southern Australian states, and causing confirmed infections in humans. A total of 47 human cases and 7 deaths were reported. The recent evolving situation of JEV needs to be reported due to its continuous circulation in endemic regions and spread to non-endemics areas. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny and population dynamics of JEV using recent JEV isolates for the future perception of disease spread. Phylogenetic analysis shows the most recent common ancestor occurred about 2993 years ago (YA) (95% Highest posterior density (HPD), 2433 to 3569). Our results of the Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) demonstrates that JEV demography lacks fluctuations for the last two decades, but it shows that JEV genetic diversity has increased during the last ten years. This indicates the potential JEV replication in the reservoir host, which is helping it to maintain its genetic diversity and to continue its dispersal into non-endemic areas. The continuous spread in Asia and recent detection from Australia further support these findings. Therefore, an enhanced surveillance system is needed along with precautionary measures such as regular vaccination and mosquito control to avoid future JEV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Abdul Wahaab
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sawar Khan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan
| | | | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Muddassar Hameed
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
- Center for Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
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25
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van Bree JW, Visser I, Duyvestyn JM, Aguilar-Bretones M, Marshall EM, van Hemert MJ, Pijlman GP, van Nierop GP, Kikkert M, Rockx BH, Miesen P, Fros JJ. Novel approaches for the rapid development of rationally designed arbovirus vaccines. One Health 2023; 16:100565. [PMID: 37363258 PMCID: PMC10288159 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases, including those transmitted by mosquitoes, account for more than 17% of infectious diseases worldwide. This number is expected to rise with an increased spread of vector mosquitoes and viruses due to climate change and man-made alterations to ecosystems. Among the most common, medically relevant mosquito-borne infections are those caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), especially members of the genera Flavivirus and Alphavirus. Arbovirus infections can cause severe disease in humans, livestock and wildlife. Severe consequences from infections include congenital malformations as well as arthritogenic, haemorrhagic or neuroinvasive disease. Inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are available for a small number of arboviruses; however there are no licensed vaccines for the majority of these infections. Here we discuss recent developments in pan-arbovirus LAV approaches, from site-directed attenuation strategies targeting conserved determinants of virulence to universal strategies that utilize genome-wide re-coding of viral genomes. In addition to these approaches, we discuss novel strategies targeting mosquito saliva proteins that play an important role in virus transmission and pathogenesis in vertebrate hosts. For rapid pre-clinical evaluations of novel arbovirus vaccine candidates, representative in vitro and in vivo experimental systems are required to assess the desired specific immune responses. Here we discuss promising models to study attenuation of neuroinvasion, neurovirulence and virus transmission, as well as antibody induction and potential for cross-reactivity. Investigating broadly applicable vaccination strategies to target the direct interface of the vertebrate host, the mosquito vector and the viral pathogen is a prime example of a One Health strategy to tackle human and animal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce W.M. van Bree
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Imke Visser
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jo M. Duyvestyn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eleanor M. Marshall
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. van Hemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gorben P. Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barry H.G. Rockx
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Miesen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelke J. Fros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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26
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Duval P, Antonelli P, Aschan-Leygonie C, Valiente Moro C. Impact of Human Activities on Disease-Spreading Mosquitoes in Urban Areas. J Urban Health 2023; 100:591-611. [PMID: 37277669 PMCID: PMC10322816 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the leading global trends of the twenty-first century that has a significant impact on health. Among health challenges caused by urbanization, the relationship of urbanization between emergence and the spread of mosquito-borne infectious diseases (MBIDs) is a great public health concern. Urbanization processes encompass social, economic, and environmental changes that directly impact the biology of mosquito species. In particular, urbanized areas experience higher temperatures and pollution levels than outlying areas but also favor the development of infrastructures and objects that are favorable to mosquito development. All these modifications may influence mosquito life history traits and their ability to transmit diseases. This review aimed to summarize the impact of urbanization on mosquito spreading in urban areas and the risk associated with the emergence of MBIDs. Moreover, mosquitoes are considered as holobionts, as evidenced by numerous studies highlighting the role of mosquito-microbiota interactions in mosquito biology. Taking into account this new paradigm, this review also represents an initial synthesis on how human-driven transformations impact microbial communities in larval habitats and further interfere with mosquito behavior and life cycle in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pénélope Duval
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Bât. André Lwoff, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Antonelli
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Bât. André Lwoff, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christina Aschan-Leygonie
- University of Lyon, Université Lumière Lyon 2, UMR 5600 CNRS Environnement Ville Société, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Valiente Moro
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Bât. André Lwoff, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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27
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Wang LM, Li N, Ren CP, Peng ZY, Lu HZ, Li D, Wu XY, Zhou ZX, Deng JY, Zheng ZH, Wang RQ, Du YN, Wang DQ, Deng SQ. Sterility of Aedes albopictus by X-ray Irradiation as an Alternative to γ-ray Irradiation for the Sterile Insect Technique. Pathogens 2023; 12:102. [PMID: 36678450 PMCID: PMC9867157 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes albopictus can transmit various arboviral diseases, posing a severe threat to human health. As an environmentally friendly method, sterile insect technology (SIT) is considered an alternative to traditional methods such as chemical pesticides to control Ae. albopictus. In SIT, the sterility of male mosquitoes can be achieved by γ-ray or X-ray radiation. Compared with γ-rays, X-rays are easier to obtain, cheaper, and less harmful. However, there is a lack of comparative assessment of these two types of radiation for SIT under the same controlled conditions. Here, we compared the effects of X-ray and γ-ray radiation on the sterility of Ae. albopictus males under laboratory-controlled conditions. Neither type of radiation affected the number of eggs but significantly reduced the survival time and hatch rate. The same dose of γ-rays caused a higher sterility effect on males than X-rays but had a more significant impact on survival. However, X-rays could achieve the same sterility effect as γ-rays by increasing the radiation dose. For example, X-rays of 60 Gy induced 99% sterility, similar to γ-rays of 40 Gy. In the test of male mating competitiveness, the induced sterility and the male mating competitiveness index were also identical at the same release ratio (sterile males/fertile males). At a release ratio of 7:1, nearly 80% of eggs failed to hatch. Sterile males produced by X-ray and γ-ray radiation had similar male competitiveness in competition with field males. In conclusion, a higher dose of X-rays is required to achieve the same sterility effect, compared to γ-rays. When γ-rays are not readily available, high-dose X-rays can be used instead. This study provides data supporting the selection of more suitable radiation for the field release of sterile male mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Min Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ni Li
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cui-Ping Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hong-Zheng Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zi-Xin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian-Yi Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zi-Han Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ruo-Qing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yi-Nan Du
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Duo-Quan Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng-Qun Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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28
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Entomo-Virological Aedes aegypti Surveillance Applied for Prediction of Dengue Transmission: A Spatio-Temporal Modeling Study. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010004. [PMID: 36678352 PMCID: PMC9861664 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, DENV transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti affects approximately one in three people annually. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of vector infestation and the intensity of arbovirus transmission require surveillance capable of predicting an outbreak. In this work, we used data from 4 years of reported dengue cases and entomological indicators of adult Aedes collected from approximately 3500 traps installed in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, to evaluate the spatial and temporal association between vector infestation and the occurrence of dengue cases. Entomological (TPI, ADI and MII) and entomo-virological (EVI) indexes were generated with the goal to provide local health managers with a transmission risk stratification that allows targeting areas for vector control activities. We observed a dynamic pattern in the evaluation; however, it was a low spatio-temporal correlation of Ae. aegypti and incidence of dengue. Independent temporal and spatial effects capture a significant portion of the signal given by human arbovirus cases. The entomo-virological index (EVI) significantly signaled risk in a few areas, whereas entomological indexes were not effective in providing dengue risk alert. Investigating the variation of biotic and abiotic factors between areas with and without correlation should provide more information about the local epidemiology of dengue.
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Meier CJ, Rouhier MF, Hillyer JF. Chemical Control of Mosquitoes and the Pesticide Treadmill: A Case for Photosensitive Insecticides as Larvicides. INSECTS 2022; 13:1093. [PMID: 36555003 PMCID: PMC9783766 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides reduce the spread of mosquito-borne disease. Over the past century, mosquito control has mostly relied on neurotoxic chemicals-such as pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbamates and organophosphates-that target adults. However, their persistent use has selected for insecticide resistance. This has led to the application of progressively higher amounts of insecticides-known as the pesticide treadmill-and negative consequences for ecosystems. Comparatively less attention has been paid to larvae, even though larval death eliminates a mosquito's potential to transmit disease and reproduce. Larvae have been targeted by source reduction, biological control, growth regulators and neurotoxins, but hurdles remain. Here, we review methods of mosquito control and argue that photoactive molecules that target larvae-called photosensitive insecticides or PSIs-are an environmentally friendly addition to our mosquitocidal arsenal. PSIs are ingested by larvae and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) when activated by light. ROS then damage macromolecules resulting in larval death. PSIs are degraded by light, eliminating environmental accumulation. Moreover, PSIs only harm small translucent organisms, and their broad mechanism of action that relies on oxidative damage means that resistance is less likely to evolve. Therefore, PSIs are a promising alternative for controlling mosquitoes in an environmentally sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole J. Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | | | - Julián F. Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Leandro ADS, Lopes RD, Amaral Martins C, Delai RM, Villela DAM, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Entomo-virological surveillance followed by serological active survey of symptomatic individuals is helpful to identify hotspots of early arbovirus transmission. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1024187. [PMID: 36388305 PMCID: PMC9651144 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti in urban environments have spread rapidly worldwide, causing great impacts on public health. The development of reliable and timely alert signals is among the most important steps in designing accurate surveillance systems for vector-borne diseases. In July and September 2017, we conducted a pilot study to improve an existing integrated surveillance system by using entomo-virological surveillance to prioritize areas to conduct active searches for individuals with arbovirus infection symptoms. Foz do Iguaçu City has a permanent entomo-virological surveillance system with approximately 3,500 traps to capture Aedes sp. in the adult stage. The Aedes aegypti females are captured alive and human samples are submitted to RT-qPCR (real-time qPCR) screening for DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV diagnosis. Of the 55 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes tested in July 2017, seven (12.7%) were considered positive for DENV-2 and three (5.4%) for CHIKV. In September, we tested a sample of 54 mosquitoes, and 15 (27.7%) were considered infected by DENV-2. We created 25 circumferences with 150-m radius each to perform an active survey to identify symptomatic householders. In July, we selected one circumference, and five (35.7%) patients were positive for DENV, whereas two (14.3%) for CHIKV. In September, we selected four circumferences, and, from the 21 individuals sampled, nine (42.8%) were positive for DENV-2. A statistical model with a binomial response was used to estimate the number of cases in areas without active surveys, i.e., 20 circumferences. We estimated an additional 83 symptomatic patients (95% CI: 45-145) to be found in active searches, with 38 (95% CI: 18-72) of them confirming arbovirus infection. Arbovirus detection and serotyping in mosquitoes, but also in symptomatic individuals during active surveys, can provide an alert signal of early arbovirus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- André de Souza Leandro
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil,Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Defante Lopes
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil,The Instituto Latino-Americano de Economia, Sociedade e Política, Universidade Federal Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Caroline Amaral Martins
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Robson Michael Delai
- One Health Laboratory at the Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Itaiguapy Foundation - Institute of Teaching and Research, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
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Peinado RDS, Eberle RJ, Arni RK, Coronado MA. A Review of Omics Studies on Arboviruses: Alphavirus, Orthobunyavirus and Phlebovirus. Viruses 2022; 14:2194. [PMID: 36298749 PMCID: PMC9607206 DOI: 10.3390/v14102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the intricate and complex steps in pathogenesis and host-viral interactions of arthropod-borne viruses or arboviruses are not completely understood, the multi-omics approaches, which encompass proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics and metabolomics network analysis, are of great importance. We have reviewed the omics studies on mosquito-borne viruses of the Togaviridae, Peribuyaviridae and Phenuiviridae families, specifically for Chikungunya, Mayaro, Oropouche and Rift Valley Fever viruses. Omics studies can potentially provide a new perspective on the pathophysiology of arboviruses, contributing to a better comprehension of these diseases and their effects and, hence, provide novel insights for the development of new antiviral drugs or therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela dos S. Peinado
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Department of Physics, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael J. Eberle
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raghuvir K. Arni
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Department of Physics, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônika A. Coronado
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Gómez M, Macedo AT, Pedrosa MC, Hohana F, Barros V, Pires B, Barbosa L, Brito M, Garziera L, Argilés-Herrero R, Virginio JF, Carvalho DO. Exploring Conditions for Handling Packing and Shipping Aedes aegypti Males to Support an SIT Field Project in Brazil. INSECTS 2022; 13:871. [PMID: 36292819 PMCID: PMC9604236 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) application, as an alternative tool for conventional mosquito control methods, has recently gained prominence. Nevertheless, some SIT components require further development, such as protocols under large-scale conditions, focusing on packing and shipping mosquitoes, and considering transporting time. Immobilization of Aedes aegypti males was tested at temperatures 4, 7, 10, and 14 °C, and each temperature was assessed for 60, 90, and 120 min. The recovery after 24 h was also studied. Chilled and control-reared males had comparable survival rates for all conditions, although 4 °C for 120 min impacted male survival. The male escape rate was affected after 60 min of exposure at 4 °C; this difference was not significant, with 24 h of recovery. First, we defined the successful immobilization at 4 °C for 60 min, thus enabling the evaluation of two transportation intervals: 6 and 24 h, with the assessment of different compaction densities of 100 and 150 mosquitoes/cm3 at 10 °C to optimize the shipment. Compaction during simulated mosquito shipments reduced survival rates significantly after 6 and 24 h. In the mating propensity and insemination experiments, the sterile males managed to inseminate 40 to 66% for all treatments in laboratory conditions. The male insemination propensity was affected only by the highest compaction condition concerning the control. The analysis of the densities (100 and 150 males/cm3) showed that a higher density combined with an extended shipment period (24 h) negatively impacted the percentage of inseminated females. The results are very helpful in developing and improving the SIT packing and shipment protocols. Further studies are required to evaluate all combined parameters' synergetic effects that can combine irradiation to assess sexual competitiveness when sterile males are released into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylen Gómez
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
- Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, P.O. Box 100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aline T. Macedo
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Michelle C. Pedrosa
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hohana
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Verenna Barros
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pires
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Lucas Barbosa
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Miriam Brito
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Luiza Garziera
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Rafael Argilés-Herrero
- Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, P.O. Box 100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jair F. Virginio
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Danilo O. Carvalho
- Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, P.O. Box 100 Vienna, Austria
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Torres TZB, Prince BC, Robison A, Rückert C. Optimized In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Tool in the West Nile Virus Mosquito Vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. INSECTS 2022; 13:856. [PMID: 36135557 PMCID: PMC9502113 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are a globally widespread vector of multiple human and animal pathogens, including West Nile virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, and lymphatic filariasis. Since the introduction of West Nile virus to the United States in 1999, a cumulative 52,532 cases have been reported to the CDC, including 25,849 (49.2%) neuroinvasive cases and 2456 (5%) deaths. Viral infections elicit immune responses in their mosquito vectors, including the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway considered to be the cornerstone antiviral response in insects. To investigate mosquito host genes involved in pathogen interactions, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-editing can be used for functional studies of mosquito-derived cell lines. Yet, the tools available for the study of Cx. quinquefasciatus-derived (Hsu) cell lines remain largely underdeveloped compared to other mosquito species. In this study, we constructed and characterized a Culex-optimized CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid for use in Hsu cell cultures. By comparing it to the original Drosophila melanogaster CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid, we showed that the Culex-optimized plasmid demonstrated highly efficient editing of the genomic loci of the RNAi proteins Dicer-2 and PIWI4 in Hsu cells. These new tools support our ability to investigate gene targets involved in mosquito antiviral response, and thus the future development of gene-based vector control strategies.
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Nicacio JM, Gomes OV, do Carmo RF, Nunes SLP, Rocha JRCF, de Souza CDF, Franca RFDO, Khouri R, Barral-Netto M, Armstrong ADC. Heart Disease and Arboviruses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091988. [PMID: 36146794 PMCID: PMC9502577 DOI: 10.3390/v14091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever, chikungunya, and zika are highly prevalent arboviruses transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, with a widely neglected impact in developing countries. These diseases cause acute illness in diverse populations, as well as potential cardiovascular complications. A systematic review was carried out to investigate the burden of cardiac involvement related to these arboviruses. Multiple databases were searched for articles that investigated the association of cardiovascular diseases with arboviruses, published up to March 2022. Relevant articles were selected and rated by two independent reviewers. Proportion meta-analysis was applied to assess the frequency-weighted mean of the cardiovascular findings. A total of 42 articles were selected (n = 76,678 individuals), with 17 manuscripts on dengue and 6 manuscripts on chikungunya undergoing meta-analysis. The global pooled incidence of cardiac events in dengue fever using a meta-analysis was 27.21% (95% CI 20.21–34.83; I2 = 94%). The higher incidence of dengue-related myocarditis was found in the population younger than 20 years old (33.85%; 95% CI 0.00–89.20; I2 = 99%). Considering the studies on chikungunya (n = 372), the global pooled incidence of cardiac involvement using a meta-analysis was 32.81% (95% CI 09.58–61.49, I2 = 96%). Two Zika studies were included that examined cases of infection by vertical transmission in Brazil, finding everything from structural changes to changes in heart rate variability that increase the risk of sudden death. In conclusion, cardiac involvement in arboviruses is not uncommon, especially in dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandir Mendonça Nicacio
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Ecology and Socio-Environmental Management, Bahia State University—UNEB, Juazeiro 48904-711, BA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.M.N.); (O.V.G.); (A.d.C.A.)
| | - Orlando Vieira Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Ecology and Socio-Environmental Management, Bahia State University—UNEB, Juazeiro 48904-711, BA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.M.N.); (O.V.G.); (A.d.C.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco—UPE, Recife 50100-010, PE, Brazil
| | - Sávio Luiz Pereira Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco—UPE, Recife 50100-010, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Ecology and Socio-Environmental Management, Bahia State University—UNEB, Juazeiro 48904-711, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Khouri
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia—UFBA, Salvador 40110-909, BA, Brazil
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia—UFBA, Salvador 40110-909, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05347-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson da Costa Armstrong
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Ecology and Socio-Environmental Management, Bahia State University—UNEB, Juazeiro 48904-711, BA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.M.N.); (O.V.G.); (A.d.C.A.)
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Granger Neto HP, Rocha CVS, Correia TML, Silva NMPD, Chaves BA, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP, Melo FFD. Natural vertical cotransmission of Dengue virus and Chikungunya virus from Aedes aegypti in Brumado, Bahia, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0427. [PMID: 36000618 PMCID: PMC9413630 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0427-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthropod-borne viruses have recently emerged and are pathogens of various human diseases, including dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses. METHODS We collectedAedes aegyptilarvae (N = 20) from Brumado, Bahia, Brazil, and treated and individually preserved the specimens. We analyzed the samples for dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses using molecular biology methods. RESULTS We found that 25% (N = 5) and 15% (N = 3) were positive exclusively for dengue and chikungunya viruses, respectively; 15% (N = 3) were coinfected with both. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of dengue and chikungunya virus coinfection in A. aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Paul Granger Neto
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | - Cínthya Viana Souza Rocha
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
| | | | | | - Bárbara Aparecida Chaves
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
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Dos Santos Souza Marinho R, Duro RLS, Bellini Caldeira D, Galinskas J, Oliveira Mota MT, Hunter J, Rodrigues Teles MDA, de Pádua Milagres FA, Sobhie Diaz R, Shinji Kawakubo F, Vasconcelos Komninakis S. Re-emergence of mayaro virus and coinfection with chikungunya during an outbreak in the state of Tocantins/Brazil. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:271. [PMID: 35922804 PMCID: PMC9351195 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a molecular screening to detect infections by the mayaro virus and possible coinfections with Chikungunya during an outbreak in the state of Tocantins/Brazil in 2017. RESULTS Of a total 102 samples analyzed in this study, 6 cases were identified with simultaneous infection between mayaro and chikungunya viruses (5.88%). In these 6 samples, the mean Cycle threshold (Ct) for CHIKV was 26.87 (SD ± 10.54) and for MAYV was 29.58 (SD ± 6.34). The mayaro sequences generated showed 95-100% identity to other Brazilian sequences of this virus and with other MAYV isolates obtained from human and arthropods in different regions of the world. The remaining samples were detected with CHIKV monoinfection (41 cases), DENV monoinfection (50 cases) and coinfection between CHIKV/DENV (5 cases). We did not detect MAYV monoinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Lopes Sanz Duro
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo City, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Débora Bellini Caldeira
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo City, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Juliana Galinskas
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo City, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | | | - James Hunter
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo City, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Augusto de Pádua Milagres
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins (LACEN/TO), Palmas City, Tocantins, 77016-330, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas City, Tocantins, 77001-090, Brazil.,Tocantins Health Department, Palmas City, Tocantins, 77453-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo City, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Fernando Shinji Kawakubo
- Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo City, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo City, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil. .,Faculty of Medicine (FMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo City, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.
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Obadia T, Gutierrez-Bugallo G, Duong V, Nuñez AI, Fernandes RS, Kamgang B, Hery L, Gomard Y, Abbo SR, Jiolle D, Glavinic U, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Atyame CM, Pocquet N, Boyer S, Dauga C, Vazeille M, Yébakima A, White MT, Koenraadt CJM, Mavingui P, Vega-Rua A, Veronesi E, Pijlman GP, Paupy C, Busquets N, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, De Lamballerie X, Failloux AB. Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4490. [PMID: 35918360 PMCID: PMC9345287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
First identified in 1947, Zika virus took roughly 70 years to cause a pandemic unusually associated with virus-induced brain damage in newborns. Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus, both colonizing a large strip encompassing tropical and temperate regions. As part of the international project ZIKAlliance initiated in 2016, 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 countries were experimentally infected with different Zika viruses. Here, we show that Ae. aegypti is mainly responsible for Zika virus transmission having the highest susceptibility to viral infections. Other species play a secondary role in transmission while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible. Zika strain is expected to significantly modulate transmission efficiency with African strains being more likely to cause an outbreak. As the distribution of Ae. aegypti will doubtless expand with climate change and without new marketed vaccines, all the ingredients are in place to relive a new pandemic of Zika. Zika virus (ZIKV), the causative agent of virus-induced brain damage in newborns, is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus. Here, Obadia et al. characterize ZIKV vector competence of 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 different countries to inform about epidemic risk. They find that African ZIKV strain shows higher transmission efficiency compared to American and Asian ZIKV strains and that Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have highest susceptibility to infections, while Culexmosquitoes are largely non-susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Obadia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, G5 Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Gladys Gutierrez-Bugallo
- Department of Vector Control, Center for Research, Diagnostic, and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Havana, Cuba.,Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Unit Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe
| | - Veasna Duong
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Virology Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ana I Nuñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosilainy S Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoarios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Liza Hery
- Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Unit Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe
| | - Yann Gomard
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Sandra R Abbo
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Davy Jiolle
- IRD, MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Uros Glavinic
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Célestine M Atyame
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Nicolas Pocquet
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE Entomologie Médicale, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Medical Entomology Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Catherine Dauga
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vazeille
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Michael T White
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, G5 Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Mavingui
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Anubis Vega-Rua
- Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Unit Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe
| | - Eva Veronesi
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gorben P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Paupy
- IRD, MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoarios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Xavier De Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Ji Y, Lu T, Zou Z, Wang Y. Aedes aegypti CLIPB9 activates prophenoloxidase-3 in the presence of CLIPA14 after fungal infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927322. [PMID: 35967454 PMCID: PMC9365933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanization is an integral part of the insect defense system and is often induced by pathogen invasion. Phenoloxidases (POs) are critical enzymes that catalyze melanin formation. PO3 is associated with the antifungal response of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, but the molecular mechanism of the prophenoloxidase-3 (PPO3) activation is unclear. Here we report that PPO3 cleavage activation is mediated by a clip-domain serine protease, CLIPB9. We purified recombinant CLIPB9 and found that it cleaved PPO3 and increased PO activity in the hemolymph. We then identified CLIPA14 (a serine protease homolog) by co-immunoprecipitation using anti-CLIPB9 antibody. After being cleaved by CLIPB9, Ae. aegypti CLIPA14 acted as a cofactor for PPO3 activation. In addition, dsRNA co-silencing of CLIPB9 and CLIPA14 genes reduced melanization after infection with the entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana, making the adult mosquitoes more sensitive to fungal infection. These results illustrate the roles of CLIPB9 and CLIPA14 in the PPO activation pathway and revealed the complexity of the upstream serine protease network controlling melanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhong Wang, ; Zhen Zou,
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhong Wang, ; Zhen Zou,
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39
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Yang C, Wang F, Huang D, Ma H, Zhao L, Zhang G, Li H, Han Q, Bente D, Salazar FV, Yuan Z, Xia H. Vector competence and immune response of Aedes aegypti for Ebinur Lake virus, a newly classified mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010642. [PMID: 35849620 PMCID: PMC9333442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global impact of mosquito-borne diseases has increased significantly over recent decades. Ebinur Lake virus (EBIV), a newly classified orthobunyavirus, is reported to be highly pathogenic in adult mice. The evaluation of vector competence is essential for predicting the arbovirus transmission risk. Here, Aedes aegypti was applied to evaluate EBIV infection and dissemination in mosquitos. Our experiments indicated that Ae. aegypti had the possibility to spread EBIV (with a transmission rate of up to 11.8% at 14 days post-infection) through biting, with the highest viral dose in a single mosquito’s saliva reaching 6.3 plaque-forming units. The highest infection, dissemination and ovary infection rates were 70%, 42.9%, and 29.4%, respectively. The high viral infection rates in Ae. aegypti ovaries imply the possibility of EBIV vertical transmission. Ae. aegypti was highly susceptible to intrathoracic infection and the saliva-positive rate reached 90% at 10 days post-infection. Transcriptomic analysis revealed Toll and Imd signaling pathways were implicated in the mosquito’s defensive response to EBIV infection. Defensin C and chitinase 10 were continuously downregulated in mosquitoes infected via intrathoracic inoculation of EBIV. Comprehensive analysis of the vector competence of Ae. aegypti for EBIV in laboratory has indicated the potential risk of EBIV transmission through mosquitoes. Moreover, our findings support a complex interplay between EBIV and the immune system of mosquito, which could affect its vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haixia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Xinjiang Heribase Biotechnology CO., LTD., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Military Command Area, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Han
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dennis Bente
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (HX)
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (HX)
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40
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Liu Q, Wang J, Hou J, Wu Y, Zhang H, Xing D, Gao J, Li C, Guo X, Jiang Y, Gong Z, Zhao T. Entomological Investigation and Detection of Dengue Virus Type 1 in Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) During the 2018–2020 Outbreak in Zhejiang Province, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:834766. [PMID: 35846756 PMCID: PMC9283783 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.834766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are still threats to public health in the Zhejiang province of China. Surveillance of mosquitoes and the mosquito-borne pathogen is a vital approach for early warning, prevention, and control of the infectious disease. In this study, from 2018 to 2020, a total of 141607 female mosquitoes were caught by means of the light trap method. The main species were Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus/pallens (41.32%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (47.6%), Aedes albopictus (2.5%), Anopheles sinensis (5.87%), Armigeres subalbatus (2.64%) and other mosquito species (0.07%). Cx. pipiens s.l. were the dominant species in two urban habitats and rural residential areas while Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the main dominant species in the rural livestock sheds. In terms of seasonal fluctuation, Cx. pipiens s.l fluctuated at a high level from May to October. The peaks of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, An. sinensis and Ar. subalbatus were in July. In addition, a total of 693 Ae. albopictus were collected with Biogents Mosquitaire CO2 traps in emergency surveillance of dengue fever (DF) and screened for dengue virus infection. There were three circumstances of collection: The first: the sampling time before mosquito control during the local outbreak of DF in Lucheng of Wenzhou, 2019; The second circumstance: the sampling time after mosquito control during the local outbreak of DF of other cities in 2018-2019; The third circumstance: past DF epidemic areas the sampling time before mosquito control during the local outbreak of DF in Lucheng, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 2019. The pools formed by mosquitoes collected in these three circumstances were 3 (6.1%), 35 (71.5%), and 11 (22.4%) respectively. Of the 49 pools tested, only one in the first circumstance was positive. The full-length dengue virus sequence of ZJWZ/2019 was obtained by sequencing and uploaded to the NCBI as number OK448162. Full-length nucleotide and amino acid homology analyses showed that ZJWZ2019 and Wenzhou DF serum isolates ZJWZ-62/2019 (MW582816) and ZJWZ-18/2019 (MW582815) had the highest homology. The analysis of full genome and E gene phylogenetic trees showed that ZJWZ2019 belonged to serotype 1, genotype I, lineage II, which was evolutionarily related to OK159963/Cambodia/2019. It implies that ZJWZ2019 originated in Cambodia. This study showed the species composition, seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes in different habitats in Zhejiang province and confirmed the role of Ae. albopictus in the transmission cycle of in outbreak of DF in the Lucheng district of Wenzhou in 2019, suggesting the importance of monitoring of vector Aedes infected dengue virus in the prevention and control of DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinna Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengduan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenyu Gong, ; Tongyan Zhao,
| | - Tongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenyu Gong, ; Tongyan Zhao,
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41
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Xu Z, Peng Y, Yang M, Li X, Wang J, Zou R, Liang J, Fang S, Liu Y, Yang Y. Simultaneous detection of Zika, Chikungunya, Dengue, Yellow fever, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses by a two-tube multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2528-2536. [PMID: 35146775 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Due to the concurrent prevalence and increasing risk of co-infection of the clinically important Arboviruses, timely and accurate differential diagnosis is important for clinical management and the epidemiological investigation. A two-tube multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Zika virus (ZIKV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was developed and optimized with high specificity and sensitivity. The detection limit for all the 6 viruses could reach as low as 5 genome equivalent copies and 2.8 × 10-3 TCID50 for ZIKV, YFV, CHIKV and 2.8 × 10-2 TCID50 for JEV per reaction, with high accuracy and precision (R2 > 0.99). Coefficient of variation (CV) of intra-assay and inter-assay for our qRT-PCR assay was low, and the obtained positive rates ad Ct values of this assay were comparable with singleplex commercial kits. Moreover, the multiplex qRT-PCR assay was able to detect possible co-infections without competitive inhibition of target viral genomes. In conclusion, our rapid, sensitive, cost effective multiplex qRT-PCR will be of great use for the differential diagnosis in clinical setting and epidemiological investigation during surveillance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, China.,Savid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, China.,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohe Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, China
| | - Rongrong Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, China
| | - Jinhu Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, China
| | - Shisong Fang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, China.,Savid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, China
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42
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Yasmeen N, Jabbar A, Shah T, Fang LX, Aslam B, Naseeb I, Shakeel F, Ahmad HI, Baloch Z, Liu Y. One Health Paradigm to Confront Zoonotic Health Threats: A Pakistan Prospective. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:719334. [PMID: 35211097 PMCID: PMC8861076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic diseases significantly impact human health, particularly those who live in impoverished areas and have close contact with domestic or wild animals. Nearly 75% of zoonotic diseases are transmitted directly from animals to humans or indirectly via vector/agent interactions between animals and humans. Growing populations, globalization, urbanization, and the interaction of the environment with humans and livestock all play roles in the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases. "One Health" is a multidisciplinary concept aimed at improving human, animal, and environmental health, but this concept is not widely accepted in developing countries. In Pakistan, environmental, human, and animal health are severely affected due to a lack of sufficient resources. This review article provides an overview of the most common zoonotic diseases found in Pakistan and emphasizes the importance of the "One Health" concept in managing these diseases. Given the current situation, interdisciplinary research efforts are required to implement and sustain effective and long-term control measures in animal, human, and environmental health surveillance and accurate diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafeesa Yasmeen
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liang-xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Naseeb
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Faiqa Shakeel
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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43
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Gestuveo RJ, Parry R, Dickson LB, Lequime S, Sreenu VB, Arnold MJ, Khromykh AA, Schnettler E, Lambrechts L, Varjak M, Kohl A. Mutational analysis of Aedes aegypti Dicer 2 provides insights into the biogenesis of antiviral exogenous small interfering RNAs. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010202. [PMID: 34990484 PMCID: PMC8769306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The exogenous small interfering RNA (exo-siRNA) pathway is a key antiviral mechanism in the Aedes aegypti mosquito, a widely distributed vector of human-pathogenic arboviruses. This pathway is induced by virus-derived double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) that are cleaved by the ribonuclease Dicer 2 (Dcr2) into predominantly 21 nucleotide (nt) virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). These vsiRNAs are used by the effector protein Argonaute 2 within the RNA-induced silencing complex to cleave target viral RNA. Dcr2 contains several domains crucial for its activities, including helicase and RNase III domains. In Drosophila melanogaster Dcr2, the helicase domain has been associated with binding to dsRNA with blunt-ended termini and a processive siRNA production mechanism, while the platform-PAZ domains bind dsRNA with 3’ overhangs and subsequent distributive siRNA production. Here we analyzed the contributions of the helicase and RNase III domains in Ae. aegypti Dcr2 to antiviral activity and to the exo-siRNA pathway. Conserved amino acids in the helicase and RNase III domains were identified to investigate Dcr2 antiviral activity in an Ae. aegypti-derived Dcr2 knockout cell line by reporter assays and infection with mosquito-borne Semliki Forest virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus). Functionally relevant amino acids were found to be conserved in haplotype Dcr2 sequences from field-derived Ae. aegypti across different continents. The helicase and RNase III domains were critical for silencing activity and 21 nt vsiRNA production, with RNase III domain activity alone determined to be insufficient for antiviral activity. Analysis of 21 nt vsiRNA sequences (produced by functional Dcr2) to assess the distribution and phasing along the viral genome revealed diverse yet highly consistent vsiRNA pools, with predominantly short or long sequence overlaps including 19 nt overlaps (the latter representing most likely true Dcr2 cleavage products). Combined with the importance of the Dcr2 helicase domain, this suggests that the majority of 21 nt vsiRNAs originate by processive cleavage. This study sheds new light on Ae. aegypti Dcr2 functions and properties in this important arbovirus vector species. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that transmit human-pathogenic viruses rely on the exogenous small interfering RNA (exo-siRNA) pathway as part of antiviral responses. This pathway is triggered by virus-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced during viral replication that is then cleaved by Dicer 2 (Dcr2) into virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). These vsiRNAs target viral RNA, leading to suppression of viral replication. The importance of Dcr2 in this pathway has been intensely studied in the Drosophila melanogaster model but is largely lacking in mosquitoes. Here, we have identified conserved and functionally relevant amino acids in the helicase and RNase III domains of Ae. aegypti Dcr2 that are important in its silencing activity and antiviral responses against Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Small RNA sequencing of SFV-infected mosquito cells with functional or mutated Dcr2 gave new insights into the nature and origin of vsiRNAs. The findings of this study, together with the different molecular tools we have previously developed to investigate the exo-siRNA pathway of mosquito cells, have started to uncover important properties of Dcr2 that could be valuable in understanding mosquito-arbovirus interactions and potentially in developing or assisting vector control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rommel J. Gestuveo
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines
- * E-mail: (R.J.G.); (M.V.); (A.K.)
| | - Rhys Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Laura B. Dickson
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Lequime
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
- Cluster of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew J. Arnold
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Esther Schnettler
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Margus Varjak
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail: (R.J.G.); (M.V.); (A.K.)
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (R.J.G.); (M.V.); (A.K.)
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Rampazzo RDCP, Zambenedetti MR, Alexandrino F, Jacomasso T, Tschá MK, de Fillipis AMB, Morello LG, Marchini FK. Development, verification, and validation of an RT-qPCR-based protocol for Yellow Fever diagnosis. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 119:34-37. [PMID: 34990800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Yellow fever (YF) is a public health threat with frequent outbreaks in tropical and subtropical areas, despite the existence of a safe and effective vaccine. The diagnosis of acute infection of the etiologic agent relies mainly on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based assays. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare this novel protocol for yellow fever virus (YFV) diagnosis against assays developed in-house by reference laboratories for arboviruses. METHODS We developed a novel molecular protocol for the detection of YFV that includes an Internal Control to validate the reaction and an External Control to monitor the RNA extraction efficiency. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Our assay detects one viral genome per reaction and displays no cross-reactions with dengue (1-4), Zika, or Chikungunya viruses. This novel assay yielded 95% of agreement with the reference method recommended by the Pan American Health Organization when analyzing 204 clinical samples and cultured viruses, these samples were analyzed in 3 different diagnosis centers for arboviruses in Brazil. The data suggest the use of the proposed multiplex assay protocol to do routine tests in a clinical laboratory. This product adds higher specificity and sensitivity in addition to reduced cost per test due to hands-on time and reagent spending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Miriam Ribas Zambenedetti
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Alexandrino
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thiago Jacomasso
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcel Kruchelski Tschá
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bispo de Fillipis
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Morello
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Klerynton Marchini
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Derua YA, Tungu PK, Malima RC, Mwingira V, Kimambo AG, Batengana BM, Machafuko P, Sambu EZ, Mgaya YD, Kisinza WN. Laboratory and semi-field evaluation of the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bactivec®) and Bacillus sphaericus (Griselesf®) for control of mosquito vectors in northeastern Tanzania. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2022; 2:100089. [PMID: 35664894 PMCID: PMC9157456 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2022.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kim YH, Ahn HJ, Kim D, Hong SJ, Kim TS, Nam HW. Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends of Malaria in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:585-593. [PMID: 34974665 PMCID: PMC8721308 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study was done to provide an analytical overview on the latest malaria infection clusters by evaluating temporal trends during 2010–2019 in Korea. Incheon was the most likely cluster (MLC) for all cases of malaria during the total period. MLCs for P. falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale, and clinically diagnosed malaria without parasitological confirmation were Jeollanam-do, Incheon, Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do, respectively. Malaria was decreasing in most significant clusters, but Gwangju showed an increase for all cases of malaria, P. vivax and clinically diagnosed cases. Malaria overall, P. falciparum and P. vivax seem to be under control thanks to aggressive health measures. This study might provide a sound scientific basis for future control measures against malaria in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Ahn
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Dongjae Kim
- Department of Biomedicine Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012,
Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012,
Korea
| | - Ho-Woo Nam
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
- Corresponding author ()
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Huang R, Song H, Fang Q, Qian J, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Laboratory and Greenhouse Performance of Five Commercial Light Traps for Capturing Mosquitoes in China. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2021; 37:250-255. [PMID: 34817610 DOI: 10.2987/21-7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito light traps for household use are popular because they are small, cheap, user friendly, and environment friendly. At present, there are many variations and specifications of mosquito traps intended for household use on the market. The light traps claim they are powerful, but research and evaluation are lacking. Key parameters such as capture rates in the laboratory and field of 5 popular mosquito traps were evaluated as intended for household use. This study found that in the laboratory experiments, the capture rate of the mosquito traps selected was between 34.7% and 65.0%. Field tests in greenhouses found that the 5 mosquito traps had high catch rates for Culex quinquefasciatus. The percentage of Cx. quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, and other flying insects captured was 51.76%, 25.29%, 14.12%, and 8.82%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the capture rate of Ae. albopictus and An. sinensis by the 5 mosquito traps in the greenhouse, but a significant difference in the catch rate of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The analysis showed that the fan speed and design of the air guide of the traps are important factors that affect the mosquito catch rate and that the ultraviolet wavelength (395-400 nm) used by the traps did not impact mosquito catch rates. Therefore, the mosquito traps intended for household use can be improved by adjusting the fan speed and optimizing the air guide.
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Chikungunya and arthritis: An overview. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 44:102168. [PMID: 34563686 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya is caused by CHIKV (chikungunya virus), an emerging and re-emerging arthropod-vectored viral infection that causes a febrile disease with primarily long term sequelae of arthralgia and myalgia and is fatal in a small fraction of infected patients. Sporadic outbreaks have been reported from different parts of the world chiefly Africa, Asia, the Indian and Pacific ocean regions, Europe and lately even in the Americas. Currently, treatment is primarily symptomatic as no vaccine, antibody-mediated immunotherapy or antivirals are available. Chikungunya belongs to a family of arthritogenic alphaviruses which have many pathophysiological similarities. Chikungunya arthritis has similarities and differences with rheumatoid arthritis. Although research into arthritis caused by these alphaviruses have been ongoing for decades and significant progress has been made, the mechanisms underlying viral infection and arthritis are not well understood. In this review, we give a background to chikungunya and the causative virus, outline the history of alphavirus arthritis research and then give an overview of findings on arthritis caused by CHIKV. We also discuss treatment options and the research done so far on various therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Seal S, Dharmarajan G, Khan I. Evolution of pathogen tolerance and emerging infections: A missing experimental paradigm. eLife 2021; 10:e68874. [PMID: 34544548 PMCID: PMC8455132 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers worldwide are repeatedly warning us against future zoonotic diseases resulting from humankind's insurgence into natural ecosystems. The same zoonotic pathogens that cause severe infections in a human host frequently fail to produce any disease outcome in their natural hosts. What precise features of the immune system enable natural reservoirs to carry these pathogens so efficiently? To understand these effects, we highlight the importance of tracing the evolutionary basis of pathogen tolerance in reservoir hosts, while drawing implications from their diverse physiological and life-history traits, and ecological contexts of host-pathogen interactions. Long-term co-evolution might allow reservoir hosts to modulate immunity and evolve tolerance to zoonotic pathogens, increasing their circulation and infectious period. Such processes can also create a genetically diverse pathogen pool by allowing more mutations and genetic exchanges between circulating strains, thereby harboring rare alive-on-arrival variants with extended infectivity to new hosts (i.e., spillover). Finally, we end by underscoring the indispensability of a large multidisciplinary empirical framework to explore the proposed link between evolved tolerance, pathogen prevalence, and spillover in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guha Dharmarajan
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of GeorgiaAikenUnited States
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Spatial analysis of the incidence of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya and socioeconomic determinants in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e188. [PMID: 34338179 PMCID: PMC8365848 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015–2016, simultaneous circulation of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) was reported. We conducted an ecological study to analyse the spatial distribution of dengue, Zika and chikungunya cases and to investigate socioeconomic factors associated with individual and combined disease incidence in 2015–2016. We then constructed thematic maps and analysed the bivariate global Moran indices. Classical and spatial models were used. A distinct spatial distribution pattern for dengue, Zika and chikungunya was identified in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The bivariate global Moran indices (P < 0.05) revealed negative spatial correlations between rates of dengue, Zika, chikungunya and combined arboviruses incidence and social development index and mean income. The regression models (P < 0.05) identified a negative relationship between mean income and each of these rates and between sewage and Zika incidence rates, as well as a positive relationship between urban areas and chikungunya incidence rates. In our study, spatial analysis techniques helped to identify high-risk and social determinants at the local level for the three arboviruses. Our findings may aid in backing effective interventions for the prevention and control of epidemics of these diseases.
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