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Chen Y, Li Y, Lu L, Zou P. Zafirlukast, as a viral inactivator, potently inhibits infection of several flaviviruses, including Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0016824. [PMID: 38809067 PMCID: PMC11232407 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00168-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the mosquito-borne flaviviruses that exhibits a unique tropism to nervous systems and is associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), the other two mosquito-borne flaviviruses, have also been circulating for a long time and cause severe diseases, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and yellow fever, respectively. However, there are no safe and effective antiviral drugs approved for the treatment of infections or coinfections of these flaviviruses. Here, we found that zafirlukast, a pregnancy-safe leukotriene receptor antagonist, exhibited potent antiviral activity against infections of ZIKV strains from different lineages in different cell lines, as well as against infections of DENV-2 and YFV 17D. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that zafirlukast directly and irreversibly inactivated these flaviviruses by disrupting the integrity of the virions, leading to the loss of viral infectivity, hence inhibiting the entry step of virus infection. Considering its efficacy against flaviviruses, its safety for pregnant women, and its neuroprotective effect, zafirlukast is a promising candidate for prophylaxis and treatment of infections or coinfections of ZIKV, DENV, and YFV, even in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Tejo AM, Hamasaki DT, Menezes LM, Ho YL. Severe dengue in the intensive care unit. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:16-33. [PMID: 38263966 PMCID: PMC10800775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Dengue fever is considered the most prolific vector-borne disease in the world, with its transmission rate increasing more than eight times in the last two decades. While most cases present mild to moderate symptoms, 5% of patients can develop severe disease. Although the mechanisms are yet not fully comprehended, immune-mediated activation leading to excessive cytokine expression is suggested as a cause of the two main findings in critical patients: increased vascular permeability that may shock and thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy that can induce hemorrhage. The risk factors of severe disease include previous infection by a different serotype, specific genotypes associated with more efficient replication, certain genetic polymorphisms, and comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The World Health Organization recommends careful monitoring and prompt hospitalization of patients with warning signs or propensity for severe disease to reduce mortality. This review aims to update the diagnosis and management of patients with severe dengue in the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mestre Tejo
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Intensive Medicine of the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Toshie Hamasaki
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Mattos Menezes
- Intensive Care Unit of Infectious Disease Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yeh-Li Ho
- Intensive Care Unit of Infectious Disease Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Gao X, Wang X, Li S, Saif Ur Rahman M, Xu S, Liu Y. Nanovaccines for Advancing Long-Lasting Immunity against Infectious Diseases. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24514-24538. [PMID: 38055649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly life-threatening pathogens such as small pox and influenza, have substantial implications on public health and global economies. Vaccination is a key approach to combat existing and emerging pathogens. Immunological memory is an essential characteristic used to evaluate vaccine efficacy and durability and the basis for the long-term effects of vaccines in protecting against future infections; however, optimizing the potency, improving the quality, and enhancing the durability of immune responses remains challenging and a focus for research involving investigation of nanovaccine technologies. In this review, we describe how nanovaccines can address the challenges for conventional vaccines in stimulating adaptive immune memory responses to protect against reinfection. We discuss protein and nonprotein nanoparticles as useful antigen platforms, including those with highly ordered and repetitive antigen array presentation to enhance immunogenicity through cross-linking with multiple B cell receptors, and with a focus on antigen properties. In addition, we describe how nanoadjuvants can improve immune responses by providing enhanced access to lymph nodes, lymphnode targeting, germinal center retention, and long-lasting immune response generation. Nanotechnology has the advantage to facilitate vaccine induction of long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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4
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Uno N, Ross TM. Putting the pieces together: Chimeric virus strategy decode Dengue virus 3 antibody responses. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1772-1773. [PMID: 37944489 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Munt et al. shed light on variability in human immune responses after natural infection compared to vaccination by using a recombinant virus platform that expresses chimeric Dengue virus type 1 and type 3 envelope proteins to identify and characterize type-specific neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Uno
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ted M Ross
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA.
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Blackhurst BM, Funk KE. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Neurologic Manifestations of Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:2200. [PMID: 38005878 PMCID: PMC10674799 DOI: 10.3390/v15112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a family of enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome, transmitted by arthropod vectors. These viruses are known for their broad cellular tropism leading to infection of multiple body systems, which can include the central nervous system. Neurologic effects of flavivirus infection can arise during both acute and post-acute infectious periods; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying post-acute sequelae are not fully understood. Here, we review recent studies that have examined molecular and cellular mechanisms that may contribute to neurologic sequelae following infection with the West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus, dengue virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus. Neuronal death, either from direct infection or due to the resultant inflammatory response, is a common mechanism by which flavivirus infection can lead to neurologic impairment. Other types of cellular damage, such as oxidative stress and DNA damage, appear to be more specific to certain viruses. This article aims to highlight mechanisms of cellular damage that are common across several flavivirus members and mechanisms that are more unique to specific members. Our goal is to inspire further research to improve understanding of this area in the hope of identifying treatment options for flavivirus-associated neurologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen E. Funk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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Malik S, Ahsan O, Mumtaz H, Tahir Khan M, Sah R, Waheed Y. Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus-Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1328. [PMID: 37631896 PMCID: PMC10458802 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly half of the world is at risk of developing dengue infection. Dengue virus is the causative agent behind this public healthcare concern. Millions of dengue cases are reported every year, leading to thousands of deaths. The scientific community is working to develop effective therapeutic strategies in the form of vaccines and antiviral drugs against dengue. METHODS In this review, a methodological approach has been used to gather data from the past five years to include the latest developments against the dengue virus. RESULTS Different therapeutics and antiviral targets against the dengue virus are at different stages of development, but none have been approved by the FDA. Moreover, various vaccination strategies have also been discussed, including attenuated virus vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, nanotechnology, and plant-based vaccines, which are used to develop effective vaccines for the dengue virus. Many dengue vaccines pass the initial phases of evaluation, but only two vaccines have been approved for public use. DENGVAXIA is the only FDA-approved vaccine against all four stereotypes of the dengue virus, but it is licensed for use only in individuals 6-16 years of age with laboratory-confirmed previous dengue infection and living in endemic countries. Takeda is the second vaccine approved for use in the European Union, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Argentina, Indonesia, and Thailand. It produced sustained antibody responses against all four serotypes of dengue virus, regardless of previous exposure and dosing schedule. Other dengue vaccine candidates at different stages of development are TV-003/005, TDENV PIV, V180, and some DNA vaccines. CONCLUSION There is a need to put more effort into developing effective vaccines and therapeutics for dengue, as already approved vaccines and therapeutics have limitations. DENGVAXIA is approved for use in children and teenagers who are 6-16 years of age and have confirmed dengue infection, while Takeda is approved for use in certain countries, and it has withdrawn its application for FDA approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiza Malik
- Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Omar Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Mumtaz
- Innovation, Implementation, and Partnership Unit, Association for Social Development, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Health Services Academy, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, 1KM Defence Road, Lahore 58810, Pakistan
- Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Zhongguancun Scientific Park, Meixi, Nanyang 473006, China
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
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7
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Zuzic L, Marzinek JK, Anand GS, Warwicker J, Bond PJ. A pH-dependent cluster of charges in a conserved cryptic pocket on flaviviral envelopes. eLife 2023; 12:82447. [PMID: 37144875 PMCID: PMC10162804 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are enveloped viruses which include human pathogens that are predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks. Some, such as dengue virus, exhibit the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease, making vaccine-based routes of fighting infections problematic. The pH-dependent conformational change of the envelope (E) protein required for fusion between the viral and endosomal membranes is an attractive point of inhibition by antivirals as it has the potential to diminish the effects of ADE. We examined six flaviviruses by employing large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of raft systems that represent a substantial portion of the flaviviral envelope. We utilised a benzene-mapping approach that led to a discovery of shared hotspots and conserved cryptic sites. A cryptic pocket previously shown to bind a detergent molecule exhibited strain-specific characteristics. An alternative conserved cryptic site at the E protein domain interfaces showed a consistent dynamic behaviour across flaviviruses and contained a conserved cluster of ionisable residues. Constant-pH simulations revealed cluster and domain-interface disruption under low pH conditions. Based on this, we propose a cluster-dependent mechanism that addresses inconsistencies in the histidine-switch hypothesis and highlights the role of cluster protonation in orchestrating the domain dissociation pivotal for the formation of the fusogenic trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Zuzic
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ganesh S Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, 16 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
| | - Jim Warwicker
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, 16 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Ghetia C, Bhatt P, Mukhopadhyay C. Association of dengue virus non-structural-1 protein with disease severity: a brief review. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2022; 116:986-995. [PMID: 36125197 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) was discovered by P. M. Ashburn and Charles F. Craig in 1907. Evidence of dengue-like illness was observed before 1907 and DENV epidemics have been reported from different parts of the world since then, with increased morbidity rates every year. DENV typically causes a febrile illness that ranges from mild asymptomatic infection to fatal dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and/or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Host mechanisms through which mild infection progresses to the fatal forms are still unknown. Few factors have been associated to aid severe disease acquisition, DENV non-structural 1 (NS1) protein being one of them. NS1 is a highly conserved glycoprotein among the Flavivirus and is often used as a biomarker for dengue diagnosis. This review focuses on assessing the role of NS1 in severe dengue. In this review, hospital-based studies on the association of dengue NS1 with severe dengue from all over the world have been assessed and analysed and the majority of the studies positively correlate high NS1 levels with DHF/DSS acquisition. The review also discusses a few experimental studies on NS1 that have shown it contributes to dengue pathogenesis. This review assesses the role of NS1 and disease severity from hospital-based studies and aims to provide better insights on the kinetics and dynamics of DENV infection with respect to NS1 for a better understanding of the role of NS1 in dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmi Ghetia
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Puneet Bhatt
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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9
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Generation of soluble, cleaved, well-ordered, native-like dimers of dengue virus 4 envelope protein ectodomain (sE) suitable for vaccine immunogen design. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:19-26. [PMID: 35817240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and dengue is endemic in many regions of the world. Severe dengue results in complications that may lead to death. Although some vaccine candidates are in clinical trials and one vaccine Dengvaxia, with restricted efficacy, is available, there are currently no specific therapies to completely prevent or treat dengue. The dengue virus structural protein E (envelope) exists as a head-to-tail dimer on mature virus, is targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies and is suitable for developing vaccine immunogens. Here, we have used a redesigned dengue prME expression construct and immunoaffinity chromatography with conformational/quaternary antibody A11 to purify soluble DENV4 sE(A259C) (E ectodomain) dimers from mammalian expression system to ~99 % purity. These dimers retain glycosylation reported for native DENV E, display the three major broadly neutralizing antibody epitopes, and form well-ordered structure. This strategy can be used for developing subunit vaccine candidates against dengue and other flaviviruses.
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Panchal R, Ghosh S, Mehla R, Ramalingam J, Gairola S, Mukherjee S, Chowdhary A. Antiviral Activity of Rosmarinic Acid Against Four Serotypes of Dengue Virus. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:203. [PMID: 35612625 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the putative antiviral activity of Rosmarinic acid (RA) against four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV). Our previous in silico binding analysis revealed that RA binds strongly to the envelope domain III (EDIII) protein of all four DENV serotypes. We employed an in vitro Biolayer Interferometry-based OCTET™ platform to study the binding interaction of RA with EDIII protein of the four DENV serotypes. Additionally, a functional plaque assay was developed to investigate the potential inhibition of infection of the four DENV serotypes. Using OCTET™, the binding interaction of RA to DENV-EDIII protein of the four DENV serotypes demonstrates interaction which can be arranged in the following order: EDIII-DENV1 (Koff value of 1.05 s-1) > EDIII-DENV2 (Koff value of 5.63 × 10-01 s-1) > EDIII-DENV3 (Koff value of 4.63 × 10-02 s-1) > EDIII-DENV4 (Koff value of 3.53 × 10-02 s-1). Subsequently, the inhibiting ability of RA using plaque assay confirmed reduction in the number of plaques for all four serotypes, indicating the ability of RA not only to bind, but also to inhibit the infection of four serotypes in cell culture, while being non-toxic at the concentrations used in the study. However, the effect of RA was variable on different serotypes, demonstrating highest effect on DENV1 (EC50 = 13.73 µg/mL, SI ≥ 728) followed by DENV2 (EC50 = 77.74 µg/mL, SI ≥ 129), DENV3 (EC50 = 244 µg/mL, SI ≥ 41) and DENV4 (EC50 = 280 µg/mL, SI ≥ 36).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Panchal
- School of Science, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India.
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Quality Control, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Rajeev Mehla
- Quality Control, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | | | - Sunil Gairola
- Quality Control, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Sandeepan Mukherjee
- Department of Virology, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhay Chowdhary
- Department of Microbiology, D. Y. Patil School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Rijkers GT, van Overveld FJ. The "original antigenic sin" and its relevance for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccination. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:13-16. [PMID: 38620690 PMCID: PMC8500682 DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Imprinting of the specific molecular image of a given protein antigen into immunological memory is one of the hallmarks of immunity. A later contact with a related, but different antigen should not trigger the memory response (because the produced antibodies would not be effective). The preferential expansion of cross-reactive antibodies, or T-lymphocytes for that matter, by a related antigen has been termed the original antigenic sin and was first described by Thomas Francis Jr. in 1960. The phenomenon was initially described for influenza virus, but also has been found for dengue and rotavirus. The antibody dependent enhancement observed in feline coronavirus vaccination also may be related to the original antigenic sin. For a full interpretation of the effectivity of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2, as well as for the success of vaccination, the role of existing immunological memory against circulating corona viruses is reviewed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ger T Rijkers
- Science Department, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, the Netherlands
- Microvida Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elizabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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12
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van Leur SW, Heunis T, Munnur D, Sanyal S. Pathogenesis and virulence of flavivirus infections. Virulence 2021; 12:2814-2838. [PMID: 34696709 PMCID: PMC8632085 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1996059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus consists of >70 members including several that are considered significant human pathogens. Flaviviruses display a broad spectrum of diseases that can be roughly categorised into two phenotypes - systemic disease involving haemorrhage exemplified by dengue and yellow Fever virus, and neurological complications associated with the likes of West Nile and Zika viruses. Attempts to develop vaccines have been variably successful against some. Besides, mosquito-borne flaviviruses can be vertically transmitted in the arthropods, enabling long term persistence and the possibility of re-emergence. Therefore, developing strategies to combat disease is imperative even if vaccines become available. The cellular interactions of flaviviruses with their human hosts are key to establishing the viral lifecycle on the one hand, and activation of host immunity on the other. The latter should ideally eradicate infection, but often leads to immunopathological and neurological consequences. In this review, we use Dengue and Zika viruses to discuss what we have learned about the cellular and molecular determinants of the viral lifecycle and the accompanying immunopathology, while highlighting current knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiaan Heunis
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
| | - Deeksha Munnur
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
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13
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Morales-Núñez JJ, Muñoz-Valle JF, Torres-Hernández PC, Hernández-Bello J. Overview of Neutralizing Antibodies and Their Potential in COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121376. [PMID: 34960121 PMCID: PMC8706198 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody response to respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a major focus of COVID-19 research due to its clinical relevance and importance in vaccine and therapeutic development. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) evaluations are useful for the determination of individual or herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2, vaccine efficacy, and humoral protective response longevity, as well as supporting donor selection criteria for convalescent plasma therapy. In the current manuscript, we review the essential concepts of NAbs, examining their concept, mechanisms of action, production, and the techniques used for their detection; as well as presenting an overview of the clinical use of antibodies in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Morales-Núñez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.J.M.-N.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.J.M.-N.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | | | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.J.M.-N.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-333-450-9355
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14
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Panchal R, Bapat S, Mukherjee S, Chowdhary A. In silico binding analysis of lutein and rosmarinic acid against envelope domain III protein of dengue virus. Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 53:471-479. [PMID: 34975135 PMCID: PMC8764985 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_576_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was performed to evaluate in silico binding ability of lutein and rosmarinic acid (RA) with the envelope domain III (EDIII) proteins of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), enlightening potential antiviral activity of the two compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS EDIII protein structures for the four DENV serotypes were retrieved from RCSB Protein data bank (PDB) and used as receptors. Four ligands of lutein and four of RA were selected from the ZINC database and used for computational molecular docking and ligand interaction analysis with the four receptors using bioinformatics tools like AutoDock Vina and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software. RESULTS The EDIII of the four serotypes demonstrated significant interaction with ligands of lutein and RA. RA ligand ZINC899870, particularly presented best-binding energy values of 6.4, -7.0, and 6.9 kcal/mol with EDIII of serotype DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 respectively. Whereas, lutein ligand, ZINC14879959 presented best-binding energy value of 7.9 kcal/mol for EDIII of serotype DENV-3. From the results predicted by MOE, the hydroxyl (OH) of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl group of RA ligand ZINC899870 is actively involved in interaction with all four serotypes. CONCLUSION RA is a competent candidate for further evaluation of potential in vitro antiviral activity that can be effective in conferring protection against the four serotypes of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Panchal
- School of Science, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanket Bapat
- MIT School of Bioengineering Science and Research, ADT University, Pune, India
| | - Sandeepan Mukherjee
- Department of Virology, Haffkin Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhay Chowdhary
- Department of Microbiology, D. Y. Patil School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, India
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15
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Kudlacek ST, Metz S, Thiono D, Payne AM, Phan TTN, Tian S, Forsberg LJ, Maguire J, Seim I, Zhang S, Tripathy A, Harrison J, Nicely NI, Soman S, McCracken MK, Gromowski GD, Jarman RG, Premkumar L, de Silva AM, Kuhlman B. Designed, highly expressing, thermostable dengue virus 2 envelope protein dimers elicit quaternary epitope antibodies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg4084. [PMID: 34652943 PMCID: PMC8519570 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a worldwide health burden, and a safe vaccine is needed. Neutralizing antibodies bind to quaternary epitopes on DENV envelope (E) protein homodimers. However, recombinantly expressed soluble E proteins are monomers under vaccination conditions and do not present these quaternary epitopes, partly explaining their limited success as vaccine antigens. Using molecular modeling, we found DENV2 E protein mutations that induce dimerization at low concentrations (<100 pM) and enhance production yield by more than 50-fold. Cross-dimer epitope antibodies bind to the stabilized dimers, and a crystal structure resembles the wild-type (WT) E protein bound to a dimer epitope antibody. Mice immunized with the stabilized dimers developed antibodies that bind to E dimers and not monomers and elicited higher levels of DENV2-neutralizing antibodies compared to mice immunized with WT E antigen. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using structure-based design to produce subunit vaccines for dengue and other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan T. Kudlacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Stefan Metz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Devina Thiono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alexander M. Payne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Thanh T. N. Phan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Forsberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jack Maguire
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Ian Seim
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Joseph Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Nathan I. Nicely
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Sandrine Soman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Michael K. McCracken
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Gregory D. Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Richard G. Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Aravinda M. de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Brian Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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16
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Tuchynskaya KK, Fomina AD, Nikitin NA, Illarionova VV, Volok VP, Kozlovskaya LI, Rogova AA, Vasilenko DA, Averina EB, Osolodkin DI, Karganova GG. Effect of immature tick-borne encephalitis virus particles on antiviral activity of 5-aminoisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid adamantylmethyl esters. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34546870 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus, is common in Europe and Asia and causes a severe disease of the central nervous system. A promising approach in the development of therapy for TBEV infection is the search for small molecule antivirals targeting the flavivirus envelope protein E, particularly its β-n-octyl-d-glucoside binding pocket (β-OG pocket). However, experimental studies of candidate antivirals may be complicated by varying amounts and different forms of the protein E in the virus samples. Viral particles with different conformations and arrangements of the protein E are produced during the replication cycle of flaviviruses, including mature, partially mature, and immature forms, as well as subviral particles lacking genomic RNA. The immature forms are known to be abundant in the viral population. We obtained immature virion preparations of TBEV, characterized them by RT-qPCR, and assessed in vivo and in vitro infectivity of the residual mature virions in the immature virus samples. Analysis of the β-OG pocket structure on the immature virions confirmed the possibility of binding of adamantylmethyl esters of 5-aminoisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid in the pocket. We demonstrated that the antiviral activity of these compounds in plaque reduction assay is significantly reduced in the presence of immature TBEV particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia K Tuchynskaya
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Anastasiia D Fomina
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolai A Nikitin
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktoria V Illarionova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia.,Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor P Volok
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia.,Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Rogova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Vasilenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena B Averina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Galina G Karganova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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17
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Zhao R, Wang M, Cao J, Shen J, Zhou X, Wang D, Cao J. Flavivirus: From Structure to Therapeutics Development. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070615. [PMID: 34202239 PMCID: PMC8303334 DOI: 10.3390/life11070615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are still a hidden threat to global human safety, as we are reminded by recent reports of dengue virus infections in Singapore and African-lineage-like Zika virus infections in Brazil. Therapeutic drugs or vaccines for flavivirus infections are in urgent need but are not well developed. The Flaviviridae family comprises a large group of enveloped viruses with a single-strand RNA genome of positive polarity. The genome of flavivirus encodes ten proteins, and each of them plays a different and important role in viral infection. In this review, we briefly summarized the major information of flavivirus and further introduced some strategies for the design and development of vaccines and anti-flavivirus compound drugs based on the structure of the viral proteins. There is no doubt that in the past few years, studies of antiviral drugs have achieved solid progress based on better understanding of the flavivirus biology. However, currently, there are no fully effective antiviral drugs or vaccines for most flaviviruses. We hope that this review may provide useful information for future development of anti-flavivirus drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Meiyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;
| | - Deping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (J.C.)
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18
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Li D, Lin MH, Rawle DJ, Jin H, Wu Z, Wang L, Lor M, Hussain M, Aaskov J, Harrich D. Dengue virus-free defective interfering particles have potent and broad anti-dengue virus activity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:557. [PMID: 33976375 PMCID: PMC8113447 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is spread from human to human through the bite of the female Aedes aegypti mosquito and leads to about 100 million clinical infections yearly. Treatment options and vaccine availability for DENV are limited. Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are considered a promising antiviral approach but infectious virus contamination has limited their development. Here, a DENV-derived DIP production cell line was developed that continuously produced DENV-free DIPs. The DIPs contained and could deliver to cells a DENV serotype 2 subgenomic defective-interfering RNA, which was originally discovered in DENV infected patients. The DIPs released into cell culture supernatant were purified and could potently inhibit replication of all DENV serotypes in cells. Antiviral therapeutics are limited for many viral infection. The DIP system described could be re-purposed to make antiviral DIPs for many other RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, yellow fever, West Nile and Zika viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Min-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel J Rawle
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Hongping Jin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhonglan Wu
- Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningxia, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary Lor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Mazhar Hussain
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Aaskov
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Harrich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
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19
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Xu L, Ma Z, Li Y, Pang Z, Xiao S. Antibody dependent enhancement: Unavoidable problems in vaccine development. Adv Immunol 2021; 151:99-133. [PMID: 34656289 PMCID: PMC8438590 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In some cases, antibodies can enhance virus entry and replication in cells. This phenomenon is called antibody-dependent infection enhancement (ADE). ADE not only promotes the virus to be recognized by the target cell and enters the target cell, but also affects the signal transmission in the target cell. Early formalin-inactivated virus vaccines such as aluminum adjuvants (RSV and measles) have been shown to induce ADE. Although there is no direct evidence that there is ADE in COVID-19, this potential risk is a huge challenge for prevention and vaccine development. This article focuses on the virus-induced ADE phenomenon and its molecular mechanism. It also summarizes various attempts in vaccine research and development to eliminate the ADE phenomenon, and proposes to avoid ADE in vaccine development from the perspective of antigens and adjuvants.
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20
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Analysis of Tembusu virus infection of human cell lines and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes. Virus Res 2020; 292:198252. [PMID: 33290792 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) causes disease in poultry, especially in ducks, resulting in abnormality in egg production and with high morbidity and mortality, resulting in great loss in duck farming industry in China and Southeast Asia. Previous studies on the pathogenesis of TMUV infection have been mostly conducted in poultry, with a few studies being undertaken in mice. While TMUV does not cause disease in humans, it has been reported that antibodies against TMUV have been found in serum samples from duck farmers, and thus data on TMUV infection in humans is limited, and the pathogenesis is unclear. In this study we investigated the cell tropism and potential susceptibility of humans to TMUV using several human cell lines. The results showed that human nerve and liver cell lines were both highly susceptible and permissive, while human kidney cells were susceptible and permissive, albeit to a lower degree. In addition, human muscle cells, lung epithelial cells, B-cells, T-cells and monocytic cells were largely refractory to TMUV infection. This data suggests that liver, neuron and kidney are potential target organs during TMUV infection in humans, consistent with what has been found in animal studies.
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21
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Wen J, Cheng Y, Ling R, Dai Y, Huang B, Huang W, Zhang S, Jiang Y. Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronavirus. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 100:483-489. [PMID: 32920233 PMCID: PMC7483033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) exists in several kinds of virus. It has a negative influence on antibody therapy for viral infection. This effect was first identified in dengue virus and has since also been described for coronavirus. To date, the rapid spread of the newly emerged coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has affected over 3.8 million people across the globe. The novel coronavirus poses a great challenge and has caused a wave of panic. In this review, antibody-dependent enhancements in dengue virus and two kinds of coronavirus are summarized. Possible solutions for the effects are reported. We also speculate that ADE may exist in SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqi Wen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518067, China.
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518067, China.
| | - Rongsong Ling
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518067, China.
| | - Yarong Dai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518067, China.
| | - Boxuan Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518067, China.
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518067, China.
| | - Siyan Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518067, China.
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518067, China.
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22
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Kumar R, Gupta N, Kodan P, Mittal A, Soneja M, Wig N. Is there antibody-dependent enhancement in SARS Coronavirus 2? J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2589-2590. [PMID: 32754556 PMCID: PMC7380762 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_540_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, KMC Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Parul Kodan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Dr. RML PGIMER, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Naveet Wig
- Professor, Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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23
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Márquez EJ, Trowbridge J, Kuchel GA, Banchereau J, Ucar D. The lethal sex gap: COVID-19. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:13. [PMID: 32457811 PMCID: PMC7240166 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is disrupting lives across the globe for everyone, it has a more devastating impact on the health of older adults, especially that of older men. This pandemic has highlighted the crucial importance of considering an individual’s age and biological sex in the clinic in addition to other confounding diseases (Kuchel, G.A, J Am Geriatr Soc, 67, 203, 2019, Tannenbaum, C., Nature, 575 451-458, 2009) As an interdisciplinary team of scientists in immunology, hematology, genomics, bioinformatics, and geriatrics, we have been studying how age and sex shape the human immune system. Herein we reflect on how our recent findings on the alterations of the immune system in aging might contribute to our current understanding of COVID-19 infection rate and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George A Kuchel
- 3University of Connecticut Center on Aging, UConn Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | | | - Duygu Ucar
- 4The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
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24
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Wang WH, Urbina AN, Wu CC, Lin CY, Thitithanyanont A, Assavalapsakul W, Lu PL, Chen YH, Wang SF. An epidemiological survey of the current status of Zika and the immune interaction between dengue and Zika infection in Southern Taiwan. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 93:151-159. [PMID: 31982624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to examine the current status of Zika and the effects of pre-existing dengue immunity on Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Southern Taiwan. METHODS A phylogenetic tree was used to analyze the phylogeny of detected ZIKVs. Paired sera from dengue patients were collected for the determination of dengue and Zika infection. Plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the titers of neutralizing antibodies and viruses, respectively. An antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) assay was used to evaluate the effect of anti-dengue antibodies on ZIKV infection. RESULTS Epidemiological data indicated the continuous importation of ZIKV infection from neighboring Zika epidemic countries into Taiwan. A total of 78 dengue patients were enrolled and 21 paired serum samples were obtained. PRNT90 results for the 21 samples identified eight cases of primary dengue infection and 13 cases of secondary dengue infection; two samples were positive for ZIKV (MR766). Results from the ADE assay indicated that convalescent sera from primary and secondary dengue infection patients displayed significant ADE of the ZIKV infection when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that pre-existing dengue immunity facilitates ZIKV infection and that the continuous importation of ZIKV infection may pose a threat to indigenous Zika emergence in Southern Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Lin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Arunee Thitithanyanont
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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25
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Wang X, Xia S, Zou P, Lu L. Erythromycin Estolate Inhibits Zika Virus Infection by Blocking Viral Entry as a Viral Inactivator. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111064. [PMID: 31731598 PMCID: PMC6893414 DOI: 10.3390/v11111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Zika virus (ZIKV) has attracted much attention in consideration of its association with severe neurological complications including fetal microcephaly. However, there are currently no prophylactic vaccines or therapeutic drugs approved for clinical treatments of ZIKV infection. To determine the potential anti-ZIKV inhibitors, we screened a library of clinical drugs with good safety profiles. Erythromycin estolate (Ery-Est), one of the macrolide antibiotics, was found to effectively inhibit ZIKV infection in different cell types and significantly protect A129 mice from ZIKV-associated neurological signs and mortality. Through further investigation, Ery-Est was verified to inhibit ZIKV entry by disrupting the integrity of the viral membrane which resulted in the loss of ZIKV infectivity. Furthermore, Ery-Est also showed inhibitory activity against dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). Thus, Ery-Est may be a promising drug for patients with ZIKV infection, particularly pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peng Zou
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-21-37990333-5273 (P.Z.); +86-21-5423-7673 (L.L.)
| | - Lu Lu
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-21-37990333-5273 (P.Z.); +86-21-5423-7673 (L.L.)
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Galula JU, Salem GM, Chang GJJ, Chao DY. Does structurally-mature dengue virion matter in vaccine preparation in post-Dengvaxia era? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2328-2336. [PMID: 31314657 PMCID: PMC6816432 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1643676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The unexpectedly low vaccine efficacy of Dengvaxia®, developed by Sanofi Pasteur, and a higher risk of severe diseases after vaccination among dengue-naive children or children younger than 6 years old, have cast skepticism about the safety of dengue vaccination resulting in the suspension of school-based immunization programs in the Philippines. The absence of immune correlates of protection from dengue virus (DENV) infection hampers the development of other potential DENV vaccines. While tetravalent live-attenuated tetravalent vaccines (LATVs), which mimic natural infection by inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses, are still currently favored, developing a vaccine that provides a balanced immunity to all four DENV serotypes remains a challenge. With the recently advanced understanding of virion structure and B cell immune responses from naturally infected DENV patients, two points of view in developing a next-generation dengue vaccine emerged: one is to induce potent, type-specific neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) recognizing quaternary structure-dependent epitopes by having four components of vaccine strains replicate equivalently; the other is to induce protective and broadly NtAbs against the four serotypes of DENV with a universal vaccine. This article reviews the studies related to these issues and the current knowledge gap that needs to be filled in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedhan Ucat Galula
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Gielenny M Salem
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Gwong-Jen J Chang
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services , Fort Collins , CO , USA
| | - Day-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
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