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Martins EM, Pascoal PM, Manão AA, Rosa PJ. The Interplay of Worry and Relationship Satisfaction to Understand Sexual Distress: An APIM Study with Heterosexual Couples Using Cross-Sectional Data. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39183638 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2024.2391390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The current study takes an integrative approach, considering individual transdiagnostic processes and relationship outcomes. It assumes an interdependence approach and aims to test a dyadic model to analyze the impact of worry and relationship satisfaction on heterosexual couples' sexual -distress, an essential factor for diagnosing sexual dysfunction. The current study recruited 103 couples from the community to complete an online survey containing the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire - Abbreviated, and the Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction. The results show that women's and men's worries are associated with their own sexual distress, and men's relationship satisfaction has an effect on their own and their partner's sexual distress. These results highlight the critical role of cognitive processes in shaping the experience of sexual distress and reinforce the importance of taking an integrative perspective that considers relationship (satisfaction), individual (worry) and social factors (gender) in interventions to treat sexual distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna M Martins
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M Pascoal
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia A Manão
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro J Rosa
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes (ISMAT), Portimão, Portugal
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2
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Stelmach-Lask L, Glebov-Russinov I, Henik A. What is high rumination? Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104331. [PMID: 38878469 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current paper tries to illuminate the need for standard cutoff points. INTRODUCTION rumination is considered to be a transdiagnostic process leading to a variety of consequences. But, what is prominent ruminative tendency? Are there agreed-upon specifications or cutoff points that distinguish between high and low tendency to ruminate? In an attempt to answer these questions, we reviewed 25 works that compared people characterized as high or low in rumination. We found numerous inconsistencies in the characterization criteria and a great variability in cutoff points. Most studies did not provide enough information about the cutoff criteria or values. METHOD We examined a sample of 454 participants using the RRS (Ruminative Response Scale), from which we tried to identify standard cutoff points. RESULTS SHOWED 1) distributions of RRS, brooding and reflective pondering; 2) most studies used median split, which might explain the differences among studies; 3) examination of standard scores for the various cutoffs presented big variability among the studies; and 4) women had higher scores of rumination and brooding than men. CONCLUSION Our paper highlights the need for homogeneity in the field. It suggests addressing the RRS, brooding and reflective pondering distributions as references for future studies. We recommend specifying: cutoff criteria, cutoff values, range, means and standard deviations. Researchers should consider the specific population (i.e., men vs. women or clinical vs. non clinical) of interest and infer specific cutoff points accordingly. Importantly, researchers should consider the implications of their choice of cutoff points and apply their criterion accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avishai Henik
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
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3
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Liu JL, Chen T, Cui JF, Lai WH, Zhang Q, Ye JY, Yang TX, Wang Y, Chan RCK. The Future-oriented Repetitive Thought (FoRT) scale: Validation in Chinese samples and application in the schizophrenia spectrum. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 97:104083. [PMID: 38815436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive thoughts are usually associated with psychopathology. The Future-oriented Repetitive Thought (FoRT) Scale is a measure designed to capture frequency of repetitive thought about positive and negative future events. However, the validity of the scale in Chinese population and its application in the schizophrenia spectrum have not been examined. METHODS The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the FoRT scale and to apply it to the schizophrenia spectrum. In Study 1, three samples (total N = 1875) of university students were recruited for exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and validity test, respectively. In Study 2, we identified subsamples with high schizotypal traits (N = 89) and low schizotypal traits (N = 89), and recruited 36 inpatients with schizophrenia and 41 matched healthy controls. RESULTS The three-factor (pessimistic repetitive future thinking, repetitive thinking about future goals, and positive indulging about the future) structure of the FoRT scale with one item deleted, fitted the Chinese samples. And the scale could distinguish patients with schizophrenia and individuals with high schizotypal traits from controls. CONCLUSION These findings support that the Chinese version of the FoRT scale is a valid tool and provide evidence for the potential applications in the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Liu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Institute of Educational Information and Statistics, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Lai
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Ye
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dehghan Manshadi Z, Neshat-Doost HT, Jobson L. Cognitive factors as mediators of the relationship between childhood trauma and depression symptoms: the mediating roles of cognitive overgeneralisation, rumination, and social problem-solving. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2320041. [PMID: 38433724 PMCID: PMC10913708 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2320041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood trauma has negative immediate and long-term impacts on depression. Questions remain, however, regarding the cognitive factors influencing this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the role of three cognitive factors - cognitive overgeneralisation, rumination and social problem-solving - as mediating factors in the relationship between childhood trauma and symptoms of depression.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Iran from March to July 2023. Participants (N = 227; Mean age 32.44 ± 8.95 years) with depression completed measures of childhood trauma, depression, self-overgeneralisation, cognitive errors, memory specificity, rumination and social problem-solving. The conceptual model was assessed using structural equation modelling.Results: Structural equation modelling indicated that childhood trauma had a positive direct effect on depression symptoms. Childhood trauma had a positive indirect effect on depression symptoms through both self-overgeneralisation and rumination and a negative indirect effect on depression through effective social problem-solving strategies.Conclusions: The findings suggest increased exposure to childhood trauma may be associated with elevated depression and self-overgeneralisation, rumination, and effective social problem-solving strategies may play an important role in this relationship. These findings hold potential implications for those working with patients with depression and a history of childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Jobson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Tyler MP, Wright BJ, Beaton R, Monger K, Raison CL, Lowry CA, Evans L, Hale MW. Severity of depressive symptoms moderates the sympathoinhibitory effect of local skin warming following exposure to a social stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 159:106420. [PMID: 37866124 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of disease burden globally. Existing antidepressant treatments that target the central nervous system have limited efficacy and come at the cost of significant side effects. Thus, there is growing interest in novel therapeutic interventions for the prevention and treatment of depression, including interventions that target interoceptive signaling. The thermosensory system may hold particular promise, given evidence that depression is associated with impairments in thermosensory functioning, and that whole-body hyperthermia produces an antidepressant effect in patients with major depressive disorder. In this study, we investigated whether the severity of depressive symptoms in a non-clinical population moderated the effect of local skin warming on subjective and physiological stress responses following exposure to an acute social stressor. Following exposure to the stressor, participants (N = 90) rested their arm on a heat blanket that was either turned on (local skin warming condition) or left off (control condition). We demonstrate that local skin warming increased fingertip temperature, a marker of reduced sympathetic nervous system activity, but only for participants with high levels of depressive symptoms. While local skin warming also inhibited salivary alpha amylase, severity of depressive symptoms did not moderate this effect, and no effect was found for electrodermal activity. These data highlight the importance of incorporating peripheral physiology in our conceptualization of the pathophysiology of depression and show that changes in sympathetic nervous system activity may underpin the antidepressant effect of warm stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Tyler
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Bradley J Wright
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Russell Beaton
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Katherine Monger
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Charles L Raison
- Human Development and Family Studies, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Denver, CO 80220, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO 80220, USA
| | - Lynette Evans
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Matthew W Hale
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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6
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Liu H, Novotný JS, Váchová L. The effect of mobile phone addiction on perceived stress and mediating role of ruminations: Evidence from Chinese and Czech university students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1057544. [PMID: 36600696 PMCID: PMC9806227 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1057544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise in the capabilities of mobile devices and the associated increase in the proportion of time we spend on them has not only positive benefits but also several risks, including mobile phone addiction and its consequences. The complex mechanisms of the impact of this addiction on mental health, especially in a cross-cultural context, however, remain relatively unknown. The aim of this cross-cultural study was to investigate the mediating role of rumination on the association between mobile phone addiction and perceived stress. Methods A population of 358 Chinese and 282 Czech university students was tested using a battery of validated psychological tests that included a short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Ruminative Response Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Results The results showed significant cross-cultural differences with Czech students manifesting greater rumination (d = 0.79) and perceived stress (d = 0.42) and Chinese students showing greater mobile phone addiction (d = 1.01). Mediation analyses showed that the effect of mobile phone addiction on stress levels was mediated through the rumination in both populations (45.6% and 80.9% of the explained variance for Chinese and Czech students, respectively) and did not differ between the two countries (estimate of difference [95%CI] = -0.052[-0.166, 0.037], p = 0.27). In contrast, the significant direct effect of mobile phone addiction on perceived stress was only present in Chinese students, where it was marginally larger than the indirect effect. In Czech students, the direct effect was not manifested and the difference between countries was significant (estimate of difference [95%CI] = 0.242 [0.035, 0.413], p < 0.001). In all of the cases, the association between the variables was positive, i.e., as one grew, so did the other. Finally, a moderated-mediation analysis confirmed that country of origin significantly moderated only the direct relationship between mobile phone dependence and perceived stress (p = 0.002). Discussion These results suggest that the mechanism of interaction between excessive mobile phone use and perceived stress is culturally conditioned, which may limit the transferability of research findings in a global context and requires further cross-cultural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Liu
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Sebastian Novotný
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Translational Neuroscience and Aging Program, Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lucie Váchová
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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7
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Harrison V, Moulds ML, Jones K. Support from friends moderates the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and postnatal wellbeing during COVID-19. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2022; 40:516-531. [PMID: 33586544 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2021.1886260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has linked repetitive negative thinking (RNT) to postnatal depression and anxiety, yet the factors moderating this relationship have been minimally investigated. During the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, social restrictions imposed to reduce viral transmission limited access to social support, which is critical to postnatal psychological wellbeing - potentially intensifying RNT. OBJECTIVE We examined whether perceived social support (from friends, family, and a significant other) played a moderating role in the relationship between RNT and maternal postnatal anxiety and depressive symptoms. METHODS A sample of women (N = 251) who had given birth in the preceding 12 months completed an online battery of standardised measures during the COVID-19 'lockdown' of May 2020. RESULTS As predicted, social support moderated the relationship between RNT and depression such that the association between RNT and depression was stronger for women who reported lower levels of social support. Interestingly, this finding emerged for social support from friends only; for support from family and significant other, social support did not play a moderating role. Further, and unexpectedly, overall social support did not moderate the relationship between RNT and postnatal anxiety, however, social support from friends was a significant moderator. CONCLUSIONS High levels of perceived social support from friends (but not family or significant others) buffered the effects of RNT on depression and anxiety during the postpartum period. Strategies to bolster peer social support may be a valuable inclusion in interventions to prevent and treat postnatal depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Harrison
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Michelle L Moulds
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katie Jones
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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Chaieb L, Hoppe C, Fell J. Mind wandering and depression: A status report. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104505. [PMID: 34929225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
While many clinical studies and overviews on the contribution of rumination to depression exist, relatively little information regarding the role of mind wandering (MW) in general is available. Therefore, it remains an open question whether patterns of MW are altered in depression and, if so, how these alterations are related to rumination. Here, we review and discuss studies investigating MW in cohorts, showing either a clinically significant depression or with clinically significant disorders accompanied by depressive symptoms. These studies yield first tentative insights into major issues. However, further investigations are required, specifically studies which: i) compare patients with a primary diagnosis of major depression with healthy and appropriately matched controls, ii) implement measures of both MW and rumination, iii) are based on experience sampling (in combination with other key approaches), iv) compare experience sampling during daily life, resting state and attentional tasks, v) explore possible biases in the assessment of MW, vi) acquire data not only related to the propensity and contents of MW, but also regarding meta-awareness and intentionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chaieb
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Hoppe
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Juergen Fell
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Benham G. Bedtime repetitive negative thinking moderates the relationship between psychological stress and insomnia. Stress Health 2021; 37:949-961. [PMID: 33904245 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that psychological stress is associated with insomnia, but there is limited research on vulnerabilities that might amplify this association, particularly in college students. Based on a sample of 507 undergraduates, the current study demonstrates that the observed positive correlation between self-perceived stress and insomnia severity is moderated by the tendency to engage in repetitive negative thinking (RNT) at bedtime. Additionally, separate analyses of those who scored below/above the threshold for insomnia (non-insomniacs vs. insomniacs) revealed that the interaction between stress and these negative bedtime cognitions differed qualitatively between the two groups. In insomniacs, the stress-insomnia relationship was dampened for those with lower levels of bedtime RNT, but amplified for those with higher levels. For non-insomniacs, the stress-insomnia relationship was stronger for those with minimal bedtime RNT, while higher levels of bedtime RNT appeared to overshadow this association. To develop a better understanding of the contribution of stress and RNT to clinically relevant levels of insomnia, future studies should take into account the dissimilar patterns of moderation seen in non-insomniacs and insomniacs, either through prospective screening or separate analyses. Findings from the current study suggest that insomnia treatments that can simultaneously reduce stress and address bedtime RNT may be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Benham
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
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10
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Roberts H, Mostazir M, Moberly NJ, Watkins ER, Adlam AL. Working memory updating training reduces state repetitive negative thinking: Proof-of-concept for a novel cognitive control training. Behav Res Ther 2021; 142:103871. [PMID: 34004447 PMCID: PMC8214071 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a proximal risk factor implicated in the onset and maintenance of common mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. Adolescence may be a key developmental window in which to target RNT and prevent the emergence of such disorders. Impairments in updating the contents of working memory are hypothesised to causally contribute to RNT, and some theorists have suggested these difficulties may be specific to the manipulation of negative information. The present study compared the effects of computerised adaptive working memory updating training (in which the task becomes more difficult as performance improves) to a non-adaptive control task in reducing levels of RNT. 124 healthy young people were randomised to 20 sessions of (i) working memory updating training using neutral stimuli, (ii) working memory updating training using negative stimuli, or (iii) non-adaptive working memory updating training. Adaptive working memory updating training using neutral, but not negative, stimuli resulted in significant improvements to working memory updating for negative material, as assessed using an unpractised task, and significant reductions in susceptibility to state RNT. These findings demonstrate proof-of-concept that working memory updating training has the potential to reduce susceptibility to episodes of state RNT.
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Kalmbach DA, Cheng P, Drake CL. A pathogenic cycle between insomnia and cognitive arousal fuels perinatal depression: exploring the roles of nocturnal cognitive arousal and perinatal-focused rumination. Sleep 2021; 44:6217388. [PMID: 33830248 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Depression is among the most prevalent perinatal complications, yet modifiable risk factors remain elusive. Over half of perinatal women endorse clinical insomnia symptoms, which are etiologically implicated in depression in nonperinatal samples. Yet, prospective data on perinatal insomnia and depression are mixed. We sought to clarify temporal associations of insomnia and depression during peripartum, and to investigate cognitive arousal as a potential mechanism facilitating this relationship. METHODS Seventy pregnant women completed sociodemographic information and baseline sleep and mood symptoms between gestational weeks 25 and 30. Beginning at gestational week 30, participants completed 17 weekly online surveys assessing insomnia, depression, and three cognitive arousal indices (nocturnal cognitive arousal, perseverative thinking, and perinatal-focused rumination). Mixed effects models were conducted to test hypotheses. RESULTS Women were at risk for depression when experiencing insomnia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28 to 4.35), nocturnal cognitive arousal (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.60 to 5.79), perinatal-focused rumination (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.11 to 3.79), and perseverative thinking (OR = 7.48, 95% CI = 3.90 to 14.32). Prospective analyses revealed bidirectional effects between insomnia and cognitive arousal, and both predicted future depression. Nocturnal cognitive arousal mediated 23-43% of the effect of insomnia on depression. Insomnia mediated 12%-18% of the effect of nocturnal cognitive arousal on depression. A similar pattern was observed with perinatal-focused rumination. Depression did not predict insomnia. CONCLUSION Nocturnal cognitive arousal, including ruminating on perinatal concerns while trying to fall asleep, fuels insomnia. In turn, lying awake at night provides an opportunity for nocturnal cognitive arousal. This cycle feeds perinatal depression. Daytime cognitive arousal may indirectly disrupt sleep as perseverating during the day persists into the night.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kalmbach
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Philip Cheng
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher L Drake
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
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Hirsch CR, Meeten F, Newby JM, O’Halloran S, Gordon C, Krzyzanowski H, Moulds ML. Looking on the Bright Side Reduces Worry in Pregnancy: Training Interpretations in Pregnant Women. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2021; 3:e3781. [PMID: 36397954 PMCID: PMC9667128 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that anxiety is more common than depression in the perinatal period, however there are few interventions available to treat perinatal anxiety. Targeting specific processes that maintain anxiety, such as worry, may be one potentially promising way to reduce anxiety in this period. Given evidence that negative interpretation bias maintains worry, we tested whether interpretation bias could be modified, and whether this in turn would lead to less negative thought (i.e., worry) intrusions, in pregnant women with high levels of worry. Method Participants (N = 49, at least 16 weeks gestation) were randomly assigned to either an interpretation modification condition (CBM-I) which involved training in accessing positive meanings of emotionally ambiguous scenarios, or an active control condition in which the scenarios remained ambiguous and unresolved. Results Relative to the control condition, participants in the CBM-I condition generated significantly more positive interpretations and experienced significantly less negative thought intrusions. Conclusions Our findings indicate that worry is a modifiable risk factor during pregnancy, and that it is possible to induce a positive interpretation bias in pregnant women experiencing high levels of worry. Although preliminary, our findings speak to exciting clinical possibilities for the treatment of worry and the prevention of perinatal anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette R. Hirsch
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Meeten
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jill M. Newby
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road Randwick, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sophie O’Halloran
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Gordon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Krzyzanowski
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Borgmann SO, Chernyak N, Haastert B, Linnenkamp U, Andrich S, Schlenker R, Razum O, Icks A. Thoughts about health and patient-reported outcomes among people with diabetes mellitus: results from the DiaDec-study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:213. [PMID: 33499827 PMCID: PMC7836192 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is considerable evidence that repetitive negative thoughts are often associated with adverse health outcomes. The study aims are (i) to identify the frequency and valence of thoughts about health in people with diabetes mellitus using questions based on the day reconstruction method (DRM) and (ii) to analyse associations between thoughts about health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms. Methods Cross-sectional study of a random sample of a German statutory health insurance population with diabetes aged between 18 and 80 linking questionnaire and claims data. Associations between frequency and valence of thoughts about health on a previous day and HRQoL assessed by a 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, diabetes-related distress assessed using the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale and depressive symptoms assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were analysed using linear and logistic regression analysis, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results Thoughts about health were analysed in 726 participants (86% type 2 diabetes, 62% male, mean age 67.6 ± 9.7 years). A total of 46% had not thought about their health the day before, 17.1% reported low frequency and negative thoughts, 21.4% low frequency and positive thoughts, 12.1% high frequency and negative thoughts and 3.4% high frequency and positive thoughts. The presence of thoughts about health irrespective of their frequency and valence is associated with a lower physical and mental component summary score of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Negative thoughts are associated with high diabetes-related distress. Frequent or negative thoughts are associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions Thoughts about health are a part of everyday life for a substantial number of people with diabetes. Surprisingly, even positive thoughts are associated with poorer HRQoL in our study. Further research within the DRM paradigm is needed to understand how thoughts about health may affect people’s (assessment of) state of health. Thoughts about health should be considered in diabetes education and patient counselling with a view to preventing and treating emotional disorders. More attention should be paid to the outcomes of interventions that may themselves lead to an increase in the frequency of thoughts about health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10231-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra O Borgmann
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Nadja Chernyak
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Burkhard Haastert
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,mediStatistica, Neuenrade, Germany
| | - Ute Linnenkamp
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Silke Andrich
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlenker
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Razum
- School of Public Health, AG 3 Epidemiologie & International Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Icks
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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14
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Elhai JD, Yang H, McKay D, Asmundson GJG, Montag C. Modeling anxiety and fear of COVID-19 using machine learning in a sample of Chinese adults: associations with psychopathology, sociodemographic, and exposure variables. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2021; 34:130-144. [PMID: 33496211 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1878158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research during prior virus outbreaks has examined vulnerability factors associated with increased anxiety and fear. DESIGN We explored numerous psychopathology, sociodemographic, and virus exposure-related variables associated with anxiety and perceived threat of death regarding COVID-19. METHOD We recruited 908 adults from Eastern China for a cross-sectional web survey, from 24 February to 15 March 2020, when social distancing was heavily enforced in China. We used several machine learning algorithms to train our statistical model of predictor variables in modeling COVID-19-related anxiety, and perceived threat of death, separately. We trained the model using many simulated replications on a random subset of participants, and subsequently externally tested on the remaining subset of participants. RESULTS Shrinkage machine learning algorithms performed best, indicating that stress and rumination were the most important variables in modeling COVID-19-related anxiety severity. Health anxiety was the most potent predictor of perceived threat of death from COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Results are discussed in the context of research on anxiety and fear from prior virus outbreaks, and from theory on outbreak-related emotional vulnerability. Implications regarding COVID-19-related anxiety are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Elhai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gordon J G Asmundson
- Anxiety and illness Behaviors Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,neuSCAN Laboratory, Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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15
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Perceived social support and prenatal wellbeing; The mediating effects of loneliness and repetitive negative thinking on anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women Birth 2021; 35:232-241. [PMID: 33422441 PMCID: PMC9051127 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Problem Prenatal depression and anxiety are linked to poor maternal and infant outcomes. We need to understand predictors of poor mental health to identify at-risk women, and targets for support. Background Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between low levels of perceived social support, and depression and anxiety in pregnant women. However, there is a lack of research into the factors that may mediate this relationship. Aim As social distancing measures (e.g., lockdown) are likely to negatively affect women’s perceived support in the prenatal period, we investigated the relationship between perceived social support and both anxiety and depression in UK-based pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, we examined two potential mediators that may contribute to psychological symptoms: repetitive negative thinking and loneliness. Methods We administered a battery of online measures to a sample of pregnant women (N = 205) between May-June 2020, during the first peak of the pandemic in the UK, when perceived social support was likely to be low. Results Consistent with predictions, perceived social support was significantly negatively related to depression, anxiety, loneliness and repetitive negative thinking. Furthermore, repetitive negative thinking and loneliness mediated the relationship between perceived social support and both depression and anxiety. Moreover, perceived social support and loneliness were associated with specific types of online behaviours. Conclusions Taken together, the findings shed light on the processes through which social support may exert its effects on depression and anxiety and highlight potential therapeutic targets for interventions which aim to prevent and treat mood disorders in perinatal cohorts.
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16
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Nieto I, Robles E, Vazquez C. Self-reported cognitive biases in depression: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 82:101934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Hamonniere T, Laqueille X, Vorspan F, Dereux A, Illel K, Varescon I. Toward a better understanding of the influence of repetitive negative thinking in alcohol use disorder: An examination of moderation effect of metacognitive beliefs and gender. Addict Behav 2020; 111:106561. [PMID: 32739590 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT), the most studied forms of which are depressive ruminations and anxious worry, is a unique transdiagnostic process responsible for the development and maintenance of many mental disorders. Over the past decade, studies have shown that RNT could be involved in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, to date, little is known about the factors that can influence this relationship, even though some theoretical and empirical arguments suggest that variables such as gender or metacognitive beliefs may determine the role of RNT in the onset of symptoms. The aim of the present study was to test the moderation effect of metacognitive beliefs and gender in the relationship between RNT and AUD. Eighty-one AUD patients were administered measures of AUD severity, RNT, metacognitive beliefs about thinking and alcohol use, anxiety, and depression. Results indicated that the 'capture mental resources' factor of RNT is a significant predictor of AUD severity, independent from anxiety and depression, and that this effect is moderated by metacognitive beliefs and gender. RNT is a significant predictor of AUD severity only for people with high negative beliefs about thoughts regarding uncontrollability and danger. Furthermore, RNT was found to predict AUD severity only for men with high beliefs about the need to control thoughts and for men with high positive beliefs about emotional self-regulation. Treatments that reduce attentional impairments caused by RNT and modify dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs could be promising for some patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hamonniere
- Université de Paris, LPPS, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Clinique Médical et Pédagogique Dupré, Fondation Santé des Étudiants de France, Sceaux, France.
| | - Xavier Laqueille
- Service d'Addictologie « Moreau de Tours », Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Site Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Florence Vorspan
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpital Fernand Widal, APHP.NORD, 200 rue du Fg St Denis, 75010 Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Site Villemin, 75010 Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Dereux
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpital Fernand Widal, APHP.NORD, 200 rue du Fg St Denis, 75010 Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Katia Illel
- Service d'Addictologie « Moreau de Tours », Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
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18
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Hirsch CR, Meeten F, Gordon C, Newby JM, Bick D, Moulds ML. Repetitive Negative Thinking and Interpretation Bias in Pregnancy. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2020; 2:e3615. [PMID: 36398060 PMCID: PMC9645466 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.v2i4.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repetitive negative thinking (RNT; e.g., worry about the future, rumination about the past) and the tendency to interpret ambiguous information in negative ways (interpretation bias) are cognitive processes that play a maintaining role in anxiety and depression, and recent evidence has demonstrated that interpretation bias maintains RNT. In the context of perinatal mental health, RNT has received minimal research attention (despite the fact that it predicts later anxiety and depression), and interpretation bias remains unstudied (despite evidence that it maintains depression and anxiety which are common in this period). Method We investigated the relationship between RNT, interpretation bias and psychopathology (depression, anxiety) in a pregnant sample (n = 133). We also recruited an age-matched sample of non-pregnant women (n = 104), to examine whether interpretation bias associated with RNT emerges for ambiguous stimuli regardless of its current personal relevance (i.e., pregnancy or non-pregnancy-related). Results As predicted, for pregnant women, negative interpretation bias, RNT, depression and anxiety were all positively associated. Interpretation bias was evident to the same degree for material that was salient (pregnancy-related) and non-salient (general), and pregnant and non-pregnant women did not differ. RNT was associated with interpretation bias for all stimuli and across the full sample. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need to further investigate the impact of interpretation bias in pregnant women, and test the effectiveness of interventions which promote positive interpretations in reducing RNT in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette R. Hirsch
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Meeten
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Gordon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jill M. Newby
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road Randwick, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debra Bick
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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19
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Boredom proneness and rumination mediate relationships between depression and anxiety with problematic smartphone use severity. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Monteregge S, Tsagkalidou A, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. The effects of different types of treatment for anxiety on repetitive negative thinking: A meta‐analysis. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical Psychology VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
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21
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Rosenkranz T, Takano K, Watkins ER, Ehring T. Assessing repetitive negative thinking in daily life: Development of an ecological momentary assessment paradigm. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231783. [PMID: 32310979 PMCID: PMC7170251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process and a promising target for prevention and treatment of mental disorders. RNT is typically assessed via self-report questionnaires with most studies focusing on one type of RNT (i.e., worry or rumination) and one specific disorder (i.e., anxiety or depression). However, responses to such questionnaires may be biased by memory and metacognitive beliefs. Recently, Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) has been employed to minimize these biases. This study aims to develop an EMA paradigm to measure RNT as a transdiagnostic process in natural settings. Based on empirical and theoretical considerations, an item pool was created encompassing RNT content and processes. We then (1) tested model fit of a content-related and a process-related model for assessing RNT as an individual difference variable, (2) investigated the reliability and construct validity of the proposed scale(s), and (3) determined the optimal sampling design. One hundred fifty healthy participants aged 18 to 40 years filled out baseline questionnaires on rumination, worry, RNT, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Participants received 8 semi-random daily prompts assessing RNT over 14 days. After the EMA phase, participants answered questionnaires on depression, anxiety, and stress again. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis revealed excellent model fit for the process-related model but unsatisfactory fit for the content-related model. Different hybrid models were additionally explored, yielding one model with satisfactory fit. Both the process-related and the hybrid scale showed good reliability and good convergent validity and were significantly associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress after the EMA phase when controlling for baseline scores. Further analyses found that a sampling design of 5 daily assessments across 10 days yielded the best tradeoff between participant burden and information retained by EMA. In sum, this paper presents a promising paradigm for assessing RNT in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward R. Watkins
- Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Ehring
- Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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Hart-Smith L, Moulds ML. Abstract processing of a positive memory is associated with recalling positive memories from an observer perspective. Memory 2020; 28:576-581. [PMID: 32249707 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2020.1749284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ruminative processing and recalling memories from an observer perspective represent two cognitive processes with adverse consequences in depression. However, no study to date has investigated the interrelationship of abstract processing, observer perspective and depression symptoms in the context of recalling personal emotional (positive, negative) memories, nor imagining emotional future events. An unselected online sample (N = 342) of participants was randomly allocated to one of four conditions: to recall a memory of a positive or negative event, or to imagine a future positive or negative event. Participants rated the vantage perspective from which they recalled or imagined the event, and the extent to which they engaged in abstract processing about it. For positive memories, a positive correlation emerged between abstract processing of the memory and observer recall; this relationship remained significant when depression symptoms were controlled. Abstract processing and vantage perspective were unrelated in the remaining three conditions. Whilst our findings await replication with a clinical sample to confirm generalisability to depressed individuals, they underscore the importance of investigating cognitive processes that influence positive memory recall and provide preliminary evidence that abstract processing of a positive memory is related to recalling the memory from an observer perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Hart-Smith
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle L Moulds
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Australia
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23
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Himle AE, Havik OE, Thimm JC. The Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity-Revised (LEIDS-R) and its revision (LEIDS-RR): An investigation of the internal structure and conceptual validity in a Norwegian sample. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2020.1727359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aslak E. Himle
- Centre for Mental Health and Substance Dependency, Helgeland Hospital Trust Mo i Rana, Selfors, Norway
| | - Odd E. Havik
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens C. Thimm
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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24
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Elhai JD, Yang H, Dempsey AE, Montag C. Rumination and negative smartphone use expectancies are associated with greater levels of problematic smartphone use: A latent class analysis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112845. [PMID: 32045821 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is related to psychopathology symptoms, such as depression and anxiety. However, less is known about how responses to and coping with psychopathology correlate with PSU. We conducted a web survey of 286 American college students, querying depression and anxiety symptoms, rumination (a coping process to avoid negative emotion), PSU, and expectancies about smartphone use for mood alleviation. We conducted latent class analysis (LCA) of PSU symptom ratings, finding support for two latent subgroups of participants, involving mild and severe PSU, especially distinguished by severity of withdrawal symptoms. Rumination and negative smartphone use expectancies (i.e., to reduce distress) positively related to the more symptomatic PSU class. Results are discussed in context of the I-PACE theoretical model of problematic internet use (PIU). We emphasize the importance of response variables in I-PACE, such as internet-related cognitive bias and coping, over background psychopathology variables in influencing PIU and PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Elhai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300074, China; Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio, 43606, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, USA.
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300074, China
| | - Abigail E Dempsey
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio, 43606, USA
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Brief State Rumination Inventory (BSRI): A Standardization Study for Turkish Speaking Populations. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Wahl K, Ehring T, Kley H, Lieb R, Meyer A, Kordon A, Heinzel CV, Mazanec M, Schönfeld S. Is repetitive negative thinking a transdiagnostic process? A comparison of key processes of RNT in depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and community controls. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 64:45-53. [PMID: 30851652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The transdiagnostic view of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) claims that different forms of RNT are characterized by identical processes that are applied to disorder-specific content. The purpose of the study was to test whether the processes of RNT differ across major depression disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS Forty-two individuals diagnosed with MDD, 35 individuals with GAD, 41 individuals with OCD, and 35 community controls were asked to think of a typical RNT episode and to rate its processes (core processes; use of mental capacity, unproductivity, abstractness, verbal quality, duration). Ratings were compared across groups using planned contrasts and analysis of variance. RESULTS All individuals with a clinical diagnosis rated the key processes of RNT and avoidance function of RNT as higher than healthy controls. There were no differences between individuals diagnosed with MDD, GAD or OCD on key processes and avoidance function of RNT. LIMITATIONS Results are based on retrospective self-reports, which might restrict validity of the measurements. CONCLUSIONS Data support the transdiagnostic hypothesis of RNT. Transdiagnostic prevention and intervention techniques seem highly recommendable given these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Wahl
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Missionsstr. 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Ehring
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Kley
- Bielefeld University, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychotherapy Clinic of the University Bielefeld, Morgenbreede 2-4, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Roselind Lieb
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Missionsstr. 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Meyer
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Missionsstr. 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kordon
- Oberbergklinik Hornberg, Oberberg 1, 79132, Hornberg, Germany
| | - Carlotta V Heinzel
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Missionsstr. 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Mazanec
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Missionsstr. 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Schönfeld
- Institut für Allgemeine Psychologie, Biopsychologie und Methoden der Psychologie; Professur Differentielle und Persönlichkeitspsychologie; TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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Spinhoven P, van Hemert AM, Penninx BW. Repetitive negative thinking as a mediator in prospective cross-disorder associations between anxiety and depression disorders and their symptoms. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 63:6-11. [PMID: 30551055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Comorbidity among anxiety and depression disorders and their symptoms is high. Rumination and worry have been found to mediate prospective cross-disorder relations between anxiety and depression disorders and their symptoms in adolescents and adults. We examined whether generic repetitive negative thinking (RNT), that is content- and disorder-independent, also mediates prospective cross-disorder associations between anxiety and depressions disorders and their symptoms. METHODS This was studied using a 5-year prospective cohort study. In a mixed sample of 1859 adults (persons with a prior history of or a current affective disorder and healthy individuals), we assessed DSM-IV affective disorders (Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and depression symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology) and RNT (Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire). RESULTS We found that baseline depression disorders and symptom severity have predictive value for anxiety disorders and symptom severity five years later (and vice versa) and that these associations were significantly mediated by level of RNT as assessed two years after baseline. The significant and rather large mediation effects seemed mainly due to the mental capacity captured by RNT, especially in the prospective relation of anxiety with future depression. LIMITATIONS The mediation effects were greatly attenuated or even nullified after rigorously controlling for concomitant psychopathology at two years after baseline. CONCLUSIONS From these results it can be concluded that repetitive negative thinking could be an important transdiagnostic factor, that may constitute a suitable target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spinhoven
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Albert M van Hemert
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Recent research suggests that the stress-sleep relationship is mediated by pre-sleep arousal (PSA) and that cognitive arousal has a stronger mediating effect than somatic arousal; however, this has not been directly tested. Using multilevel moderated mediation, we compared the effects of cognitive arousal and somatic arousal within the stress-sleep relationship. We also assessed whether two forms of repetitive negative thought-rumination and worry-are similarly involved in the stress-sleep relationship. Data was collected from 178 participants across the United States via an online platform. Participants completed baseline self-report surveys examining rumination tendencies and worry tendencies. Over the course of 2 weeks, participants completed daily questionnaires assessing daily stress, PSA, and sleep quality. Results indicated that indirect effects from stress to sleep quality via PSA were statistically significant at low and high levels of rumination and worry, and people at high levels of rumination and worry had stronger relationships between stress and PSA. Across all models, cognitive arousal consistently accounted for more of the variance in the stress-sleep relationship as compared to somatic arousal. Implications for the cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia are discussed.
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Ruiz FJ, Salazar DM, Suárez-Falcón JC, Peña-Vargas A, Ehring T, Barreto-Zambrano ML, Gómez-Barreto MP. Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Age-Group of the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire-Children (PTQ-C) in Colombia. Assessment 2019; 27:1657-1667. [PMID: 30991819 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119843580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has found that repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is an important transdiagnostic process both in adult and child psychopathology. This finding has led some authors to design content-independent measures of RNT that can be administered across disorders. One of these instruments is the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) and its version for children (PTQ-C). This study presents the Spanish translation of the PTQ-C and its psychometric analysis in a sample of 1,127 Colombian children and adolescents (8-18 years old). All items obtained good discrimination indexes, and internal consistency was excellent (.93). A cross-validation study was conducted to analyze the factor structure of the PTQ-C, which strongly supported the one-factor structure. Measurement invariances across gender and age-group (8-12 and 13-18 years old) were also found. The PTQ-C scores for older boys were lower than for younger boys, whereas the inverse pattern was found for girls. The PTQ-C showed strong correlations with measures of pathological worry, emotional symptoms, and psychological inflexibility. In conclusion, the Spanish translation of the PTQ-C appears to be a valid and reliable measure of RNT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Ehring
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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30
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Gilbert KE, Tonge NA, Thompson RJ. Associations between depression, anxious arousal and manifestations of psychological inflexibility. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 62:88-96. [PMID: 30273794 PMCID: PMC6252139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Psychological inflexibility exhibits across multiple facets of functioning, including thinking styles, personality, cognitive shifting, emotion, and physiology, with many of these manifestations showing associations with depression. As such, these facets might be part of an overarching latent construct of psychological inflexibility that explains associations with depression. We predicted that (1) five facets of inflexibility (perseverative thinking, personality rigidity, attention-shifting, negative emotional inertia, and low respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity) would load onto a unique latent construct of psychological inflexibility. Further, we hypothesized this latent construct of psychological inflexibility would be (2) significantly associated with higher depression; and (3) associated with depression to a greater extent than anxious arousal. METHODS Seventy-five adult community participants completed measures assessing the five indices of inflexibility and self-report measures of depression and anxious arousal. RESULTS Structural equation modeling identified a latent inflexibility construct reflected by perseverative thinking, personality rigidity, and emotional inertia, but did not include attention-shifting or RSA reactivity. The inflexibility construct was positively associated with depression and anxious arousal, but more strongly associated with depression than with anxious arousal. LIMITATIONS Limitations included a small sample size, cross-sectional approach, and dimensional measures of depression and anxious arousal. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide preliminary support that multiple facets of inflexibility may emerge from a broader overarching vulnerability for internalizing psychopathology. This overarching inflexibility construct may have stronger associations with depression than with anxious arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Natasha A Tonge
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Renee J Thompson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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31
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Blanchard D, Meyza K. Risk assessment and serotonin: Animal models and human psychopathologies. Behav Brain Res 2019; 357-358:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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McEvoy PM, Hyett MP, Ehring T, Johnson SL, Samtani S, Anderson R, Moulds ML. Transdiagnostic assessment of repetitive negative thinking and responses to positive affect: Structure and predictive utility for depression, anxiety, and mania symptoms. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:375-384. [PMID: 29510356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a cognitive process that is repetitive, passive, relatively uncontrollable, and focused on negative content, and is elevated in emotional disorders including depression and anxiety disorders. Repetitive positive thinking is associated with bipolar disorder symptoms. The unique contributions of positive versus negative repetitive thinking to emotional symptoms are unknown. The first aim of this study was to use confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the psychometrics of two transdiagnostic measures of RNT, the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire (RTQ-10) and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ), and a measure of repetitive positive thinking, the Responses to Positive Affect (RPA) Questionnaire. The second aim was to determine incremental predictive utility of these measures. METHOD All measures were administered to a sample of 2088 undergraduate students from the Netherlands (n = 992), Australia (n = 698), and America (n = 398). RESULTS Unidimensional, bifactor, and three-factor models were supported for the RTQ-10, PTQ, and RPA, respectively. A common factor measured by all PTQ items explained most variance in PTQ scores suggesting that this measure is essentially unidimensional. The RNT factor of the RTQ-10 demonstrated the strongest predictive utility, although the PTQ was also uniquely although weakly associated with anxiety, depression, and mania symptoms. The RPA dampening factor uniquely predicted anxiety and depression symptoms, suggesting that this scale is a separable process to RNT as measured by the RTQ-10 and PTQ. LIMITATIONS Findings were cross-sectional and need to be replicated in clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS Transdiagnostic measures of RNT are essentially unidimensional, whereas RPA is multidimensional. RNT and RPA have unique predictive utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Matthew P Hyett
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Suraj Samtani
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Anderson
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle L Moulds
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Samtani S, McEvoy PM, Mahoney AEJ, Werner-Seidler A, Li SSY, McGill BC, Tockar J, Moulds ML. Examining a transdiagnostic measure of repetitive thinking in depressed, formerly depressed and never-depressed individuals. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:515-522. [PMID: 29353211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence that repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a shared feature of a number of disorders has prompted the need for transdiagnostic self-report instruments; that is, measures of RNT that can be administered to individuals irrespective of their diagnosis. The Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire (RTQ; McEvoy et al., 2010) was developed to meet this need, and its psychometric properties and capacity to predict psychopathology have been tested in undergraduate and clinically anxious samples. METHODS We administered the RTQ to currently depressed (n = 29), formerly depressed (n = 61) and never-depressed (n = 93) community participants. RESULTS The RTQ demonstrated good psychometric properties, with excellent internal consistency for the RNT subscale (α=.93) and good convergent validity with measures of negative affect and psychopathology symptoms (rs= .47-.61). In addition, and in accord with our predictions, currently depressed and recovered depressed participants reported more RNT than never-depressed participants, but currently and recovered depressed participants did not differ. In addition, RNT scores explained additional variance in depression and anxiety symptoms, after controlling for gender, age, neuroticism, state negative affect, and intolerance of uncertainty. LIMITATIONS Our sample was drawn from the community but participants were not treatment-seeking, and we employed a cross-sectional design. DISCUSSION Taken together with previous experimental and longitudinal studies, our results support the utility of addressing RNT in the treatment and prevention of relapse in depression. Moreover, these data confirm the utility of the RTQ as a brief, transdiagnostic self-report measure of RNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Samtani
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter M McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Alison E J Mahoney
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, UNSW Sydney at St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Susan S Y Li
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brittany C McGill
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia Tockar
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Psychometric Qualities of Turkish Version of Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ). JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-018-0285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Moulds ML, Black MJ, Newby JM, Hirsch CR. Repetitive Negative Thinking and Its Role in Perinatal Mental Health. Psychopathology 2018; 51:161-166. [PMID: 29694970 DOI: 10.1159/000488114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that anxiety is common, perhaps even more prevalent than depression, in the post-partum period. In this review we propose adopting a transdiagnostic approach to perinatal mental health: to delineate psychopathology and identify potential underlying cognitive mechanisms such as repetitive negative thinking (RNT). SAMPLING AND METHODS We provide an overview of key studies of RNT in perinatal mental health and suggest directions for future work. We propose the value of examining post-partum depression and anxiety, and their co-occurrence, and of testing whether the psychological mechanisms that predict and maintain depression and anxiety also play a role in these conditions in the post-partum period. Further, given that psychological distress often first emerges in the antenatal phase, we make a case for investigating RNT across the perinatal period - i.e., in antenatal and postnatal women. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS RNT may be a modifiable risk factor which can be targeted in pregnancy to prevent depression and anxiety in new mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Moulds
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa J Black
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jill M Newby
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colette R Hirsch
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Lei X, Zhong M, Liu Y, Xi C, Ling Y, Zhu X, Yao S, Yi J. Psychometric properties of the 10-item ruminative response scale in Chinese university students. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:152. [PMID: 28454569 PMCID: PMC5410038 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumination increases vulnerability to depression, exacerbates and perpetuates negative moods. This study was aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the 10-item Ruminative Response Scale (RRS-10) in a large undergraduate sample. METHODS A sample of 5,236 university students finished the RRS and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the two-factor structure and the measurement equivalence of the RRS-10 across gender. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, correlations among RRS, RRS-10 and CES-D were also explored. In addition, gender difference on rumination and the relationship between rumination and depression were further investigated. RESULTS The two-factor model of RRS-10 fit the data reasonably and had acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability in Chinese undergraduates sample. And the measurement equivalence of the RRS-10 was acceptable across gender in Chinese university students. Findings in respect of latent means and manifest means revealed non-significant gender difference in RRS-10. Besides, participants with high-level rumination had more depressive symptoms than those with low-level rumination. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the RRS-10 showed good psychometric properties and was measurement invariant across gender in undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Lei
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMedical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, #139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Mingtian Zhong
- 0000 0004 0368 7397grid.263785.dCenter for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMedical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, #139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Chang Xi
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMedical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, #139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Yu Ling
- grid.257160.7Education Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMedical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, #139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 China ,0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMedical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, #139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 China ,0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyao Yi
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, #139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China. .,Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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