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Das V, Miller JH, Alladi CG, Annadurai N, De Sanctis JB, Hrubá L, Hajdúch M. Antineoplastics for treating Alzheimer's disease and dementia: Evidence from preclinical and observational studies. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38530106 DOI: 10.1002/med.22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
As the world population ages, there will be an increasing need for effective therapies for aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders, which remain untreatable. Dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading neurological diseases in the aging population. Current therapeutic approaches to treat this disorder are solely symptomatic, making the need for new molecular entities acting on the causes of the disease extremely urgent. One of the potential solutions is to use compounds that are already in the market. The structures have known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity profiles, and patient data available in several countries. Several drugs have been used successfully to treat diseases different from their original purposes, such as autoimmunity and peripheral inflammation. Herein, we divulge the repurposing of drugs in the area of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the therapeutic potential of antineoplastics to treat dementia due to AD and dementia. We briefly touch upon the shared pathological mechanism between AD and cancer and drug repurposing strategies, with a focus on artificial intelligence. Next, we bring out the current status of research on the development of drugs, provide supporting evidence from retrospective, clinical, and preclinical studies on antineoplastic use, and bring in new areas, such as repurposing drugs for the prion-like spreading of pathologies in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - John H Miller
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Charanraj Goud Alladi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Narendran Annadurai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hrubá
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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2
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Jiménez DJ, Javed A, Rubio-Tomás T, Seye-Loum N, Barceló C. Clinical and Preclinical Targeting of Oncogenic Pathways in PDAC: Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for the Deadliest Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2860. [PMID: 38474109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is commonly diagnosed in advanced stages and therapeutic interventions are typically constrained to systemic chemotherapy, which yields only modest clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine recent developments in targeted therapy tailored to address distinct molecular pathway alteration required for PDAC. Our review delineates the principal signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms implicated in the initiation and progression of PDAC. Subsequently, we provide an overview of prevailing guidelines, ongoing investigations, and prospective research trajectories related to targeted therapeutic interventions, drawing insights from randomized clinical trials and other pertinent studies. This review focus on a comprehensive examination of preclinical and clinical data substantiating the efficacy of these therapeutic modalities, emphasizing the potential of combinatorial regimens and novel therapies to enhance the quality of life for individuals afflicted with PDAC. Lastly, the review delves into the contemporary application and ongoing research endeavors concerning targeted therapy for PDAC. This synthesis serves to bridge the molecular elucidation of PDAC with its clinical implications, the evolution of innovative therapeutic strategies, and the changing landscape of treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego J Jiménez
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aadil Javed
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ndioba Seye-Loum
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carles Barceló
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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3
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Yoosefian M, Dashti R, Mahani M, Montazer L, Mir A. A suitable drug structure for interaction with SARS-CoV-2 main protease between boceprevir, masitinib and rupintrivir; a molecular dynamics study. ARAB J CHEM 2023; 16:105051. [PMID: 37323221 PMCID: PMC10246938 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, more than 200 countries of the world have faced a health crisis due to the epidemiological disease of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It had a huge impact on the world economy and the global health sector. Researchers are studying the design and discovery of drugs that can inhibit SARS-CoV-2. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is an attractive target for the study of antiviral drugs against coronavirus diseases. According to the docking results, binding energy for boceprevir, masitinib and rupintrivir with CMP are -10.80, -9.39, and -9.51 kcal/mol respectively. Also, for all investigated systems, van der Waals and electrostatic interactions are quite favorable for binding the drugs to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus main protease, indicating confirmation of the complex stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Yoosefian
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Nanotechnology, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Razieh Dashti
- Department of Nanotechnology, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mahani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leila Montazer
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Mir
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan P.O. Box 87317-51167, Iran
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4
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Bhardwaj V, Zhang X, Pandey V, Garg M. Neo-vascularization-based therapeutic perspectives in advanced ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188888. [PMID: 37001618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The process of angiogenesis is well described for its potential role in the development of normal ovaries, and physiological functions as well as in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of ovarian cancer (OC). In advanced stages of OC, cancer cells spread outside the ovary to the pelvic, abdomen, lung, or multiple secondary sites. This seriously limits the efficacy of therapeutic options contributing to fatal clinical outcomes. Notably, a variety of angiogenic effectors are produced by the tumor cells to initiate angiogenic processes leading to the development of new blood vessels, which provide essential resources for tumor survival, dissemination, and dormant micro-metastasis of tumor cells. Multiple proangiogenic effectors and their signaling axis have been discovered and functionally characterized for potential clinical utility in OC. In this review, we have provided the current updates on classical and emerging proangiogenic effectors, their signaling axis, and the immune microenvironment contributing to the pathogenesis of OC. Moreover, we have comprehensively reviewed and discussed the significance of the preclinical strategies, drug repurposing, and clinical trials targeting the angiogenic processes that hold promising perspectives for the better management of patients with OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Bhardwaj
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Bioengineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Bioengineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201301, India.
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Somanath PR, Chernoff J, Cummings BS, Prasad SM, Homan HD. Targeting P21-Activated Kinase-1 for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082236. [PMID: 37190165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) has limited therapeutic options and a high mortality rate. The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of proteins is important in cell survival, proliferation, and motility in physiology, and pathologies such as infectious, inflammatory, vascular, and neurological diseases as well as cancers. Group-I PAKs (PAK1, PAK2, and PAK3) are involved in the regulation of actin dynamics and thus are integral for cell morphology, adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and cell motility. They also play prominent roles in cell survival and proliferation. These properties make group-I PAKs a potentially important target for cancer therapy. In contrast to normal prostate and prostatic epithelial cells, group-I PAKs are highly expressed in mPCA and PCa tissue. Importantly, the expression of group-I PAKs is proportional to the Gleason score of the patients. While several compounds have been identified that target group-I PAKs and these are active in cells and mice, and while some inhibitors have entered human trials, as of yet, none have been FDA-approved. Probable reasons for this lack of translation include issues related to selectivity, specificity, stability, and efficacy resulting in side effects and/or lack of efficacy. In the current review, we describe the pathophysiology and current treatment guidelines of PCa, present group-I PAKs as a potential druggable target to treat mPCa patients, and discuss the various ATP-competitive and allosteric inhibitors of PAKs. We also discuss the development and testing of a nanotechnology-based therapeutic formulation of group-I PAK inhibitors and its significant potential advantages as a novel, selective, stable, and efficacious mPCa therapeutic over other PCa therapeutics in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payaningal R Somanath
- Department of Clinical & Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- MetasTx LLC, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- MetasTx LLC, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Brian S Cummings
- MetasTx LLC, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sandip M Prasad
- Morristown Medical Center, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
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Candido MF, Medeiros M, Veronez LC, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Pezuk JA, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. Drugging Hijacked Kinase Pathways in Pediatric Oncology: Opportunities and Current Scenario. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020664. [PMID: 36839989 PMCID: PMC9966033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer is considered rare, corresponding to ~3% of all malignant neoplasms in the human population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a universal occurrence of more than 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants around the globe, and despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and supportive care, one child dies of cancer every 3 min. Consequently, more efficient, selective and affordable therapeutics are still needed in order to improve outcomes and avoid long-term sequelae. Alterations in kinases' functionality is a trademark of cancer and the concept of exploiting them as drug targets has burgeoned in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry of the 21st century. Consequently, an increasing plethora of inhibitors has emerged. In the present study, the expression patterns of a selected group of kinases (including tyrosine receptors, members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways, coordinators of cell cycle progression, and chromosome segregation) and their correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric solid tumors were accessed through the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and by a thorough search of published literature. To further illustrate the importance of kinase dysregulation in the pathophysiology of pediatric cancer, we analyzed the vulnerability of different cancer cell lines against their inhibition through the Cancer Dependency Map portal, and performed a search for kinase-targeted compounds with approval and clinical applicability through the CanSAR knowledgebase. Finally, we provide a detailed literature review of a considerable set of small molecules that mitigate kinase activity under experimental testing and clinical trials for the treatment of pediatric tumors, while discuss critical challenges that must be overcome before translation into clinical options, including the absence of compounds designed specifically for childhood tumors which often show differential mutational burdens, intrinsic and acquired resistance, lack of selectivity and adverse effects on a growing organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - David Bastos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9144; Fax: +55-16-3315-4886
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Araújo D, Cabral I, Vale N, Amorim I. Canine Gastric Cancer: Current Treatment Approaches. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080383. [PMID: 35893776 PMCID: PMC9394467 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human gastric cancer is a prevalent cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. Although sharing many other features, the incidence of gastric cancer is lower in dogs than in humans. Surgery is the first-line treatment; however, it is associated with several complications. Nevertheless, chemotherapy to treat canine gastric cancer has not received much attention, probably due to its late diagnosis, fast progression, low median survival time, and very high mortality rate, along with the lack of publications with concrete scientific results. In this review, we explore the pharmacological approach used in treatment of this often-fatal disease. Abstract Human gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide, and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The incidence of GC is lower in dogs than in humans, accounting for less than 1% of all canine malignancies. In recent years, efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of GC and in find an appropriate therapy to maximize curative results, such as adjuvant chemotherapy treatments in addition to surgery. Although surgery is the first-line treatment, it is associated with several complications. In terms of chemotherapeutic intervention, canine gastric cancer has not received much attention, probably due to its late diagnosis, fast progression, low median survival time, and very high mortality rate, along with the lack of publications with concrete scientific results. In this review, we explore canine GC and the pharmacological approach used in the treatment of this often-fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Araújo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Inês Cabral
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Oncology and Soft Tissue, 70 Priestley Rd, Guildford GU2 7AJ, UK;
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory RISE—Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Huang Y, Li S, Liu Q, Wang Z, Li S, Liu L, Zhao W, Wang K, Zhang R, Wang L, Wang M, William Ali D, Michalak M, Chen XZ, Zhou C, Tang J. The LCK-14-3-3ζ-TRPM8 axis regulates TRPM8 function/assembly and promotes pancreatic cancer malignancy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:524. [PMID: 35665750 PMCID: PMC9167300 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) functions as a Ca2+-permeable channel in the plasma membrane (PM). Dysfunction of TRPM8 is associated with human pancreatic cancer and several other diseases in clinical patients, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) directly interacts with TRPM8 and potentiates TRPM8 phosphorylation at Y1022. LCK positively regulated channel function characterized by increased TRPM8 current densities by enhancing TRPM8 multimerization. Furthermore, 14-3-3ζ interacted with TRPM8 and positively modulated channel multimerization. LCK significantly enhanced the binding of 14-3-3ζ and TRPM8, whereas mutant TRPM8-Y1022F impaired TRPM8 multimerization and the binding of TRPM8 and 14-3-3ζ. Knockdown of 14-3-3ζ impaired the regulation of TRPM8 multimerization by LCK. In addition, TRPM8 phosphotyrosine at Y1022 feedback regulated LCK activity by inhibiting Tyr505 phosphorylation and modulating LCK ubiquitination. Finally, we revealed the importance of TRPM8 phosphorylation at Y1022 in the proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that the LCK-14-3-3ζ-TRPM8 axis for regulates TRPM8 assembly, channel function, and LCK activity and maybe provide potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinfeng Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunyao Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Klose K, Packeiser EM, Granados-Soler JL, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of masitinib and expression of its specific targets c-Kit, PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β, and Lyn in canine prostate cancer cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:641-652. [PMID: 35384248 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine prostate cancer is classified into adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma with prostatic involvement, and mixed forms. Early metastatic spread leads to poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Masitinib is approved for the treatment of canine mast cell tumours and inhibits tyrosine kinase c-Kit, tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn (Lyn), and platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β), which are known to be expressed in canine prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate masitinib in an in vitro model consisting of cell lines from primary prostate adenocarcinoma, the associated lymph node metastasis of the same patient, and transitional cell carcinoma. To assess the suitability of the model system, the targets of masitinib were investigated by immunocytochemistry in the cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in the respective formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) original neoplastic tissue. After exposure to masitinib, cell viability, cell count, apoptosis induction, and protein expression of c-Kit, Lyn, PDGFR-α, and PDGFR-β were assessed. To hedge the efficacy, two application protocols of masitinib (single application or 12-h double-dose regimen) were compared. Immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased Lyn, PDGFR-α, and PDGFR-β expression in cell lines and FFPE original neoplastic tissue compared to healthy prostate tissue. Masitinib exposure increased apoptosis, while the cell counts and cell viability decreased in a dose- and application interval-dependent manner, with increased impact in the 12-h double-dose regimen. These in vitro effects of masitinib in canine prostate cancer and associated metastasis support further in vivo research and modifications of the clinical treatment protocol in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Klose
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Downregulation of MicroRNA-1 and Its Potential Molecular Mechanism in Nasopharyngeal Cancer: An Investigation Combined with In Silico and In-House Immunohistochemistry Validation. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7962220. [PMID: 35251377 PMCID: PMC8896954 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7962220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was aimed at elucidating the molecular biological mechanisms of microRNA-1 (miR-1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Method In this study, we performed a pooled analysis of miR-1 expression data derived from public databases, such as GEO, ArrayExpress, TCGA, and GTEx. The miRWalk 2.0 database, combined with the mRNA microarray datasets, was used to screen the target genes, and the genes were then subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis using the DAVID 6.8 database. We then used the STRING 11.0 database and Cytoscape 3.80 software to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for screening hub genes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was further used to validate the expression of hub genes. Finally, potential therapeutic agents for NPC were screened by the Connectivity Map (cMap) database. Results Pooled analysis showed that miR-1 expression was significantly decreased in NPC (SMD = −0.57; P < 0.05). The summary receiver operating characteristic curve suggested that miR-1 had a good ability to distinguish cancerous tissues from noncancerous tissues (AUC = 0.78). The results of GO analysis focused on mitotic nuclear division, DNA replication, cell division, cell adhesion, extracellular space, kinesin complex, and extracellular matrix (ECM) structural constituent. The KEGG analysis suggested that the target genes played a role in key signaling pathways, such as cell cycle, focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The PPI network suggested that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was the hub gene, and the CDK1 protein was subsequently confirmed to be significantly upregulated in NPC tissues by IHC. Finally, potential therapeutic drugs, such as masitinib, were obtained by the cMap database. Conclusion miR-1 may play a vital part in NPC tumorigenesis and progression by regulating focal adhesion kinase to participate in cell mitosis, regulating ECM degradation, and affecting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. miR-1 has the potential to be a therapeutic target for NPC.
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Sahabi K, Selvarajah GT, Mokrish A, Rasedee A, Kqueen CY. Development and molecular characterization of doxorubicin-resistant canine mammary gland tumour cells. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2032719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kabiru Sahabi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Gayathri T. Selvarajah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ajat Mokrish
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Y. Kqueen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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12
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Effectiveness of therapy with low-dosage masitinib on pulmonary hypertension in dogs: a pilot study. ACTA VET BRNO 2022. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202291040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the efficacy of long-term masitinib therapy at low doses on echocardiographic, cardiovascular, haematological, and blood biochemical indicators, as well as clinical symptoms in dogs with pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by advanced chronic degenerative mitral valve disease or heartworm disease. Seven client-owned dogs with severe PH were recruited prospectively and given low-dose masitinib orally, 3 mg/kg body weight (approximately one-fourth of the recommended antineoplastic dosage), q24h, for 123–928 days. Examinations were performed prior to masitinib administration, as well as 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months later. At 1–12 months, low-dose masitinib significantly reduced systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and dramatically improved clinical symptoms. Low-dose masitinib treatment improved right ventricular function indicators such as right atrium/aorta ratio, maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity, right ventricular Tei index, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, without worsening left ventricular function indicators. These findings suggest that low-dose masitinib may be effective as an adjunctive therapeutic for chronic heart failure in dogs with PH and may increase the survival of PH dogs.
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13
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Giuliano A. Companion Animal Model in Translational Oncology; Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Canine Oral Melanoma. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010054. [PMID: 35053051 PMCID: PMC8773126 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Laboratory rodents are the most common animal models used in preclinical cancer research. Companion animals with naturally occurring cancers are an under-utilized natural model for the development of new anti-cancer drugs. Dogs and cats develop several types of cancers that resemble those arising in humans with similar clinical and histopathological features and often with similar molecular and genetic backgrounds. Exposure to environmental carcinogens, including air, food and water are also common between people and their pets. Dogs and cats are a unique model that could be integrated between the preclinical laboratory animal model and human clinical trials. Abstract Companion animals with naturally occurring cancers can provide an advantageous model for cancer research and in particular anticancer drug development. Compared to commonly utilized mouse models, companion animals, specifically dogs and cats, share a closer phylogenetical distance, body size, and genome organization. Most importantly, pets develop spontaneous, rather than artificially induced, cancers. The incidence of cancer in people and companion animals is quite similar and cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs over 10 years of age. Many cancer types in dogs and cats have similar pathological, molecular, and clinical features to their human counterparts. Drug toxicity and response to anti-cancer treatment in dogs and cats are also similar to those in people. Companion animals share their lives with their owners, including the environmental and socioeconomic cancer-risk factors. In contrast to humans, pets have a shorter life span and cancer progression is often more rapid. Clinical trials in companion animals are cheaper and less time consuming compared to human trials. Dogs and cats with naturally occurring cancers are an ideal and unique model for human cancer research. Model selection for the specific type of cancer is of pivotal importance. Although companion animal models for translational research have been reviewed previously, this review will try to summarize the most important advantages and disadvantages of this model. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma as a model for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and canine oral melanoma as a model for mucosal melanoma and immunotherapy in people will be discussed as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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14
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Massimini M, Romanucci M, De Maria R, Della Salda L. An Update on Molecular Pathways Regulating Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Osteosarcoma and Their Role in Canine Oncology. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:722432. [PMID: 34631854 PMCID: PMC8494780 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.722432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine tumors are valuable comparative models for human counterparts, especially to explore novel biomarkers and to understand pathways and processes involved in metastasis. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a unique property of malignant cancer cells which promote metastasis. Thus, it represents an opportunity to investigate both the molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic targets of a crucial phenotypic malignant switch. Although this biological process has been largely investigated in different human cancer types, including osteosarcoma, it is still largely unknown in veterinary pathology, where it has been mainly explored in canine mammary tumors. The presence of VM in human osteosarcoma is associated with poor clinical outcome, reduced patient survival, and increased risk of metastasis and it shares the main pathways involved in other type of human tumors. This review illustrates the main findings concerning the VM process in human osteosarcoma, search for the related current knowledge in canine pathology and oncology, and potential involvement of multiple pathways in VM formation, in order to provide a basis for future investigations on VM in canine tumors.
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15
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Mashayekhi V, Mocellin O, Fens MH, Krijger GC, Brosens LA, Oliveira S. Targeting of promising transmembrane proteins for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:9022-9037. [PMID: 34522225 PMCID: PMC8419040 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal types of cancer due to the relatively late diagnosis and the limited therapeutic options. Current treatment regimens mainly comprise the cytotoxic agents gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX. These compounds have shown limited efficacy and severe side effects, highlighting the necessity for earlier detection and the development of more effective, and better-tolerated treatments. Although targeted therapies are promising for the treatment of several types of cancer, identification of suitable targets for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of PDAC is challenging. Interestingly, several transmembrane proteins are overexpressed in PDAC cells that show low expression in healthy pancreas and may therefore serve as potential targets for treatment and/or diagnostic purposes. In this review we describe the 11 most promising transmembrane proteins, carefully selected after a thorough literature search. Favorable features and potential applications of each target, as well as the results of the preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the past ten years, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Orsola Mocellin
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H.A.M. Fens
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard C. Krijger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A.A. Brosens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
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16
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GSK-3β, FYN, and DYRK1A: Master Regulators in Neurodegenerative Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169098. [PMID: 34445804 PMCID: PMC8396491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) have been recognized as central nervous system (CNS)-disease-relevant targets due to their master regulatory role in different signal transduction cascades in the neuroscience space. Among them, GSK-3β, FYN, and DYRK1A play a crucial role in the neurodegeneration context, and the deregulation of all three PKs has been linked to different CNS disorders with unmet medical needs, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and several neuromuscular disorders. The multifactorial nature of these diseases, along with the failure of many advanced CNS clinical trials, and the lengthy approval process of a novel CNS drug have strongly limited the CNS drug discovery. However, in the near-decade from 2010 to 2020, several computer-assisted drug design strategies have been combined with synthetic efforts to develop potent and selective GSK-3β, FYN, and DYRK1A inhibitors as disease-modifying agents. In this review, we described both structural and functional aspects of GSK-3β, FYN, and DYRK1A and their involvement and crosstalk in different CNS pathological signaling pathways. Moreover, we outlined attractive medicinal chemistry approaches including multi-target drug design strategies applied to overcome some limitations of known PKs inhibitors and discover improved modulators with suitable blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and drug-like properties.
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17
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Ettcheto M, Cano A, Sanchez-López E, Verdaguer E, Folch J, Auladell C, Camins A. Masitinib for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2021; 11:263-276. [PMID: 34412534 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The actual standard treatment for mild-to-moderately severe Alzheimer's disease only attacks its symptoms. Masitinib is a potent and selective phenylaminothiazole-type tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is currently in Phase III studies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the aim of modifying its evolution and with multiple pharmacological targets such as inhibition of mast cells activity, inhibition of microglia activation, modulation of Aβ and Tau protein signaling pathway and prevention of synaptic damage. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical studies that investigated the administration of masitinib treatment in monotherapy in AD. All research studies revealed positive effects concerning the cognitive functions in AD and generally with good safety and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Research Center & Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades - International University of Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sanchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-masitinib mesylate on canine mammary tumour cell lines. J Vet Res 2021; 65:351-359. [PMID: 34917849 PMCID: PMC8643080 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Masitinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the c-KIT receptor, is used for the treatment of mast cell tumours in dogs. Masitinib has previously been investigated in various cancers; however, its potential anticancer effect in canine mammary tumours (CMTs) is unknown. In the present paper, we investigated the antiproliferative effect of masitinib in CMT cells and its possible mechanisms of action. Material and Methods The effect of masitinib on the proliferation of CMT-U27 and CMT-U309 cells was assessed by MTT assay and DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometric analysis was used to measure the effect of masitinib on apoptosis and the cell cycle. Additionally, vascular endothelial growth factor levels (VEGF) were measured, and the proliferation marker Ki-67 was visualised in immunocytochemical stainings in CMT cells. Results Treatment with masitinib inhibited the proliferation of CMT cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximal apoptotic activity and DNA fragmentation were observed at approximately IC50 of masitinib in both cell lines. In addition, cell cycle distribution was altered and VEGF levels and Ki-67 proliferation indices were decreased in masitinib-treated cells in comparison with control cells. Conclusion In this study, masitinib suppressed cell proliferation concomitantly via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by decreasing VEGF levels and the Ki-67 proliferation index in CMT-U27 and CMT-U309 cells in vitro, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic tool in the clinical setting of mammary cancer treatment in dogs.
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19
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Drayman N, DeMarco JK, Jones KA, Azizi SA, Froggatt HM, Tan K, Maltseva NI, Chen S, Nicolaescu V, Dvorkin S, Furlong K, Kathayat RS, Firpo MR, Mastrodomenico V, Bruce EA, Schmidt MM, Jedrzejczak R, Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Schuster B, Nair V, Han KY, O’Brien A, Tomatsidou A, Meyer B, Vignuzzi M, Missiakas D, Botten JW, Brooke CB, Lee H, Baker SC, Mounce BC, Heaton NS, Severson WE, Palmer KE, Dickinson BC, Joachimiak A, Randall G, Tay S. Masitinib is a broad coronavirus 3CL inhibitor that blocks replication of SARS-CoV-2. Science 2021; 373:931-936. [PMID: 34285133 PMCID: PMC8809056 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for antiviral agents that treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We screened a library of 1900 clinically safe drugs against OC43, a human beta coronavirus that causes the common cold, and evaluated the top hits against SARS-CoV-2. Twenty drugs significantly inhibited replication of both viruses in cultured human cells. Eight of these drugs inhibited the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, 3CLpro, with the most potent being masitinib, an orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor. X-ray crystallography and biochemistry show that masitinib acts as a competitive inhibitor of 3CLpro. Mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 and then treated with masitinib showed >200-fold reduction in viral titers in the lungs and nose, as well as reduced lung inflammation. Masitinib was also effective in vitro against all tested variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Drayman
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Corresponding author. (S.T.); (N.D.)
| | - Jennifer K. DeMarco
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Krysten A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saara-Anne Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather M. Froggatt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Kemin Tan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Natalia Ivanovna Maltseva
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siquan Chen
- Cellular Screening Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vlad Nicolaescu
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steve Dvorkin
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Furlong
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rahul S. Kathayat
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mason R. Firpo
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Emily A. Bruce
- Cellular Screening Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Madaline M. Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Robert Jedrzejczak
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | | | - Brooke Schuster
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vishnu Nair
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyu-yeon Han
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amornrat O’Brien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics Core at Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anastasia Tomatsidou
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bjoern Meyer
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Missiakas
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason W. Botten
- Cellular Screening Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Christopher B. Brooke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics Core at Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan C. Baker
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - William E. Severson
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Palmer
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bryan C. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Glenn Randall
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Savaş Tay
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Corresponding author. (S.T.); (N.D.)
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20
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Freiche V, Cordonnier N, Paulin MV, Huet H, Turba ME, Macintyre E, Malamut G, Cerf-Bensussan N, Molina TJ, Hermine O, Bruneau J, Couronné L. Feline low-grade intestinal T cell lymphoma: a unique natural model of human indolent T cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. J Transl Med 2021; 101:794-804. [PMID: 33692440 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Indolent T cell lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) of the gastrointestinal tract (GI-TLPD) is a rare human primary gastrointestinal T cell lymphoma that was recently included in the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Low-grade intestinal T cell lymphoma (LGITL), an emerging disease in the domestic cat, shares a number of features with human GI-TLPD. In this prospective study, we determined whether feline LGITL might serve as a model of human GI-TLPD. We analyzed clinical, laboratory, and radiological data and performed histopathological and molecular studies on small intestinal biopsies from 22 domestic cats diagnosed with LGITL. This cancer mostly affects aging cats, is associated with nonspecific gastrointestinal tract signs, and is usually characterized by an indolent course. A histopathological analysis indicated that LGITL was mainly located in the jejunum. The small intestinal lamina propria was infiltrated by large numbers of small CD3+ T cell lymphocytes with various CD4 and CD8 expression profiles (CD4+ CD8- (4 out of 11, 36%), CD4- CD8+ (3 out of 11, 27%), and CD4- CD8- (4 out of 11, 36%)). Intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts were elevated in all cases. Ki67 was expressed in lamina propria lymphocytes and IELs at a low level (<30%). Most LGITLs were labelled by antibodies against phosphorylated STAT5, but were negative for CD56 and phosphorylated STAT3. T cell receptor gamma chain gene monoclonality was found in 86% of cases. These findings confirmed that feline LGITL shares clinical and histopathological features with human GI-TLPD. Feline LGITL may therefore constitute a relevant model of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Freiche
- Internal Medicine Department, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Cordonnier
- Pathology Department, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mathieu Victor Paulin
- Internal Medicine Department, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Hélène Huet
- Pathology Department, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University of Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Paris, France
| | - Georgia Malamut
- Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), University of Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Thierry Jo Molina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Couronné
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University of Paris, Paris, France.
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21
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Chau V, Madan RA, Aragon-Ching JB. Protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of prostate cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1889-1899. [PMID: 33989112 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1925250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinases have emerged as targetable pathways used in metastatic prostate cancer given their role in prostatic tumor growth, proliferation and metastases. Protein kinase inhibitors are small molecules that target varying pathways including the breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson tyrosine kinase (ABL), colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways and have been studied in prostate cancer trials with variable results. In particular, cabozantinib when used in combination trials and ipatasertib, when used with abiraterone in patients who harbor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) loss, have been promising. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the key early and late phase clinical trials currently investigating the use of protein kinase inhibitors in prostate cancer. EXPERT OPINION While multiple kinase inhibitors show promising results in prostate cancer, none have yet garnered Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Studies are ongoing with the best candidate drugs discussed herein. However, multiple drugs have failed primary endpoints in prostate cancer. Therefore, further understanding of the potential mechanisms of resistance, combination and trial design of combination therapy may help pave the way for targeting kinase inhibition in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chau
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeanny B Aragon-Ching
- Genitourinary Cancers, Inova Medical Group, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia University School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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22
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Peng Y, Yu H, Jin Y, Qu F, Ren H, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Qu C, Zong B, Liu S. Construction and Validation of an Immune Infiltration-Related Gene Signature for the Prediction of Prognosis and Therapeutic Response in Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666137. [PMID: 33986754 PMCID: PMC8110914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients show significant heterogeneity in overall survival. Current assessment models are insufficient to accurately predict patient prognosis, and models for predicting treatment response are lacking. We evaluated the relationship between various immune cells and breast cancer and confirmed the association between immune infiltration and breast cancer progression. Different bioinformatics and statistical approaches were combined to construct a robust immune infiltration-related gene signature for predicting patient prognosis and responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Our research found that a higher immune infiltration-related risk score (IRS) indicates that the patient has a worse prognosis and is not very sensitive to immunotherapy. In addition, a new nomogram was constructed based on the gene signature and clinicopathological features to improve the risk stratification and quantify the risk assessment of individual patients. Our study might contribute to the optimization of the risk stratification for survival and the personalized management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haochen Yu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudi Jin
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanli Qu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenrong Tang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chi Qu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beige Zong
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Mabrouk MM, El-Maghraby WH, El-Malla SF. UV spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of masitinib; extraction of qualitative information. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119175. [PMID: 33279407 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Masitinib is an orally administered selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It has emerged as a promising drug for multiple diseases including cancer and inflammation in either human or veterinary medicine. Five new and simple UV spectrophotometric methods were developed for its determination in bulk and in pharmaceutical tablets. These methods are based on measuring the absorbance of masitinib in either zero order or first, second, third or fourth derivative spectra. Measurements are optimized so as to minimize excipients' interferences. The methods are suitable for micro-analysis of masitinib. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH-Q2(R1) guidelines and was successfully applied for determination of masitinib in laboratory prepared tablet. The presented methods are simple, fast, cost-effective and suitable for routine pharmaceutical analysis. Moreover, two derivative spectrophotometric-based methods were developed for identification of masitinib, the derivative ratio method and log-A derivative method. The impact of the developed methods on the environment was assessed by both analytical Eco-Sale and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI). The present work proves how derivative spectrophotometry could greatly extract qualitative and quantitative information from UV spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar M Mabrouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Walaa H El-Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samah F El-Malla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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24
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Mast Cells Positive for c-Kit Receptor and Tryptase Correlate with Angiogenesis in Cancerous and Adjacent Normal Pancreatic Tissue. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020444. [PMID: 33669751 PMCID: PMC7923170 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mast cells (MCs) contain proangiogenic factors, in particular tryptase, associated with increased angiogenesis in several tumours. With special reference to pancreatic cancer, few data have been published on the role of MCs in angiogenesis in both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue (PDAT) and adjacent normal tissue (ANT). In this study, density of mast cells positive for c-Kit receptor (MCDP-c-KitR), density of mast cells positive for tryptase (MCDPT), area of mast cells positive for tryptase (MCAPT), and angiogenesis in terms of microvascular density (MVD) and endothelial area (EA) were evaluated in a total of 45 PDAT patients with stage T2–3N0–1M0. Results: For each analysed tissue parameter, the mean ± standard deviation was evaluated in both PDAT and ANT and differences were evaluated by Student’s t-test (p ranged from 0.001 to 0.005). Each analysed tissue parameter was then correlated to each other one by Pearson t-test analysis (p ranged from 0.01 to 0.03). No other correlation among MCDP-c-KitR, MCDPT, MCAPT, MVD, EA and the main clinical–pathological characteristics was found. Conclusions: Our results suggest that tissue parameters increased from ANT to PDAT and that mast cells are strongly associated with angiogenesis in PDAT. On this basis, the inhibition of MCs through tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as masitinib, or inhibition of tryptase by gabexate mesylate may become potential novel antiangiogenetic approaches in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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25
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Peripheral Neuropathy under Oncologic Therapies: A Literature Review on Pathogenetic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041980. [PMID: 33671327 PMCID: PMC7922628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neurologic complications are frequent adverse events during oncologic treatments and often lead to dose reduction, administration delays with time elongation of the therapeutic plan and, not least, worsening of patients’ quality of life. Experience skills are required to recognize symptoms and clinical evidences and the collaboration between different health professionals, in particular oncologists and hospital pharmacists, grants a correct management of this undesirable occurrence. Some classes of drugs (platinates, vinca alkaloids, taxanes) typically develop this kind of side effect, but the genesis of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is not linked to a single mechanism. This paper aims from one side at summarizing and explaining all the scattering mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy through a detailed literature revision, on the other side at finding new approaches to possible treatments, in order to facilitate the collaboration between oncologists, hematologists and hospital pharmacists.
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26
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Creeden JF, Alganem K, Imami AS, Henkel ND, Brunicardi FC, Liu SH, Shukla R, Tomar T, Naji F, McCullumsmith RE. Emerging Kinase Therapeutic Targets in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Cancer Desmoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228823. [PMID: 33233470 PMCID: PMC7700673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinase drug discovery represents an active area of therapeutic research, with previous pharmaceutical success improving patient outcomes across a wide variety of human diseases. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), innovative pharmaceutical strategies such as kinase targeting have been unable to appreciably increase patient survival. This may be due, in part, to unchecked desmoplastic reactions to pancreatic tumors. Desmoplastic stroma enhances tumor development and progression while simultaneously restricting drug delivery to the tumor cells it protects. Emerging evidence indicates that many of the pathologic fibrotic processes directly or indirectly supporting desmoplasia may be driven by targetable protein tyrosine kinases such as Fyn-related kinase (FRK); B lymphoid kinase (BLK); hemopoietic cell kinase (HCK); ABL proto-oncogene 2 kinase (ABL2); discoidin domain receptor 1 kinase (DDR1); Lck/Yes-related novel kinase (LYN); ephrin receptor A8 kinase (EPHA8); FYN proto-oncogene kinase (FYN); lymphocyte cell-specific kinase (LCK); tec protein kinase (TEC). Herein, we review literature related to these kinases and posit signaling networks, mechanisms, and biochemical relationships by which this group may contribute to PDAC tumor growth and desmoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F. Creeden
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-383-6474
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Ali S. Imami
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Nicholas D. Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - F. Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
| | - Shi-He Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Tushar Tomar
- PamGene International BV, 5200 BJ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.T.); (F.N.)
| | - Faris Naji
- PamGene International BV, 5200 BJ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.T.); (F.N.)
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
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27
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Palomo V, Nozal V, Rojas-Prats E, Gil C, Martinez A. Protein kinase inhibitors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1316-1335. [PMID: 32737989 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that causes the progressive loss of motoneurons and, unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for this disease. Interconnecting multiple pathological mechanisms are involved in the neuropathology of this disease, including abnormal aggregation of proteins, neuroinflammation and dysregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Such complex mechanisms, together with the lack of reliable animal models of the disease have hampered the development of drugs for this disease. Protein kinases, a key pharmacological target in several diseases, have been linked to ALS as they play a central role in the pathology of many diseases. Therefore several inhibitors are being currently trailed for clinical proof of concept in ALS patients. In this review, we examine the recent literature on protein kinase inhibitors currently in pharmaceutical development for this diseaseas future therapy for AS together with their involvement in the pathobiology of ALS. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Nozal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Fagiani F, Lanni C, Racchi M, Govoni S. Targeting dementias through cancer kinases inhibition. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2020; 6:e12044. [PMID: 32671184 PMCID: PMC7341824 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The failures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy strongly suggest the importance of reconsidering the research strategies analyzing other mechanisms that may take place in AD as well as, in general, in other neurodegenerative dementias. Taking into account that in AD a variety of defects result in neurotransmitter activity and signaling efficiency imbalance, neuronal cell degeneration and defects in damage/repair systems, aberrant and abortive cell cycle, glial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, a target may be represented by the intracellular signaling machinery provided by the kinome. In particular, based on the observations of a relationship between cancer and AD, we focused on cancer kinases for targeting neurodegeneration, highlighting the importance of targeting the intracellular pathways at the intersection between cell metabolism control/duplication, the inhibition of which may stop a progression in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fagiani
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section)University of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section)University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section)University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section)University of PaviaPaviaItaly
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29
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Leong ZP, Hikasa Y. Effects of masitinib compared with tadalafil for the treatment of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 122-123:106599. [PMID: 31629919 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeting vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a challenge given the lack of potent anti-remodeling abilities of the therapeutic drugs. Although sildenafil has been shown to ameliorate cardiopulmonary remodeling, that of tadalafil is questionable. Masitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor appears safer and more potent than imatinib for treatment of malignancies, but its efficacy on PAH is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the anti-remodeling properties of masitinib (5, 15, 50 mg/kg) and tadalafil (5, 10 mg/kg) using a monocrotaline-induced rat model of PAH. The 14-day treatment with masitinib (15, 50 mg/kg) resulted in significantly decreased right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure (RVSP) and hypertrophy (RVH), and pulmonary vascular remodeling, whereas tadalafil showed weaker anti-remodeling properties. Besides, masitinib significantly blocked the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and reduced phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 mRNA expression in the lungs. By contrast, tadalafil did not significantly inhibit the MAPK pathway. Further, the 28-day treatment extension revealed that masitinib-treated rats (15 mg/kg) had significantly lower RVSP, and higher heart rate and serum cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level, whereas those treated with tadalafil (10 mg/kg) showed insignificantly lower RVSP and higher cGMP level. Moreover, the RVH indices, heart rates, body weight gains, and survival rates of rats in both groups were comparable. Collectively, these results suggest that the treatment with a low-dose masitinib was non-inferior than tadalafil. A lower dose of masitinib may represent a novel approach to target both the cardiopulmonary remodeling and the dysregulated vasoconstriction in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ping Leong
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hikasa
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
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30
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Thamm DH, Gustafson DL. Drug dose and drug choice: Optimizing medical therapy for veterinary cancer. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:143-151. [PMID: 31487110 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although novel agents hold great promise for the treatment of animal neoplasia, there may be room for significant improvement in the use of currently available agents. These improvements include altered dosing schemes, novel combinations, and patient-specific dosing or selection of agents. Previous studies have identified surrogates for "individualized dose intensity,", for example, patient size, development of adverse effects, and pharmacokinetic parameters, as potential indicators of treatment efficacy in canine lymphoma, and strategies for patient-specific dose escalation are discussed. Strategies for treatment selection in individual patients include conventional histopathology, protein-based target assessment (eg, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and mass spectrometry), and gene-based target assessment (gene expression profiling and targeted or global sequencing strategies). Currently available data in animal cancer evaluating these strategies are reviewed, as well as ongoing studies and suggestions for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Developmental Therapeutics Program, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Developmental Therapeutics Program, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fort Collins, Colorado
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31
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Laforgia M, Marech I, Nardulli P, Calabrò C, Gadaleta CD, Ranieri G. An evaluation of masitinib for treating systemic mastocytosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1539-1550. [PMID: 31381378 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1645121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic Mastocytosis (SM) is a complex family of rare diseases, against which pharmacological therapies are still very few. It is a c-kit driven disease, whose disregulation leads to uncontrolled activation and proliferation of mast cells (MCs) with consequent release of effector molecules which are responsible for its clinical manifestations. Areas covered: Masitinib is a relatively new potential drug against SM and its chemical structure strictly derives from imatinib, the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor which entered the pharmaceutical market about 15 years ago. In this review, the authors present masitinib in all its properties, from chemistry to pharmacology and toxicity to its potential clinical application in SM, focusing the discussion on the few clinical trials in which it has been involved, with a particular attention on the still open challenge to determine how to measure the response to therapy. Expert opinion: In spite of their similarity in chemistry and biological activity against submolecular targets, masitinib is much more selective towards c-kit receptors than other tyrosine kinases, such as Bcl-Abl. Furthermore, its ability to inhibit degranulation, cytokine production and MCs migration from bone marrow gives it a great chance to become an important therapeutic option for selected SM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Marech
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "G. Paolo II" , Bari , Italy
| | | | - Concetta Calabrò
- Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "G. Paolo II" , Bari , Italy
| | - Cosimo Damiano Gadaleta
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "G. Paolo II" , Bari , Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "G. Paolo II" , Bari , Italy
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32
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Saad F, Shore N, Zhang T, Sharma S, Cho HK, Jacobs IA. Emerging therapeutic targets for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 76:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Parrella E, Porrini V, Benarese M, Pizzi M. The Role of Mast Cells in Stroke. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050437. [PMID: 31083342 PMCID: PMC6562540 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are densely granulated perivascular resident cells of hematopoietic origin. Through the release of preformed mediators stored in their granules and newly synthesized molecules, they are able to initiate, modulate, and prolong the immune response upon activation. Their presence in the central nervous system (CNS) has been documented for more than a century. Over the years, MCs have been associated with various neuroinflammatory conditions of CNS, including stroke. They can exacerbate CNS damage in models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke by amplifying the inflammatory responses and promoting brain–blood barrier disruption, brain edema, extravasation, and hemorrhage. Here, we review the role of these peculiar cells in the pathophysiology of stroke, in both immature and adult brain. Further, we discuss the role of MCs as potential targets for the treatment of stroke and the compounds potentially active as MCs modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Parrella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Porrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Benarese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Expression of CD24 in plasma, exosome and ovarian tissue samples of serous ovarian cancer patients. J Biotechnol 2019; 298:16-20. [PMID: 30959137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CD24 is a small molecular weight cell-surface protein and an independent marker for poor prognosis in the different type of cancers. We aimed to determine the expression of CD24 in plasma, exosomes and ovarian tissue samples of serous ovarian cancer patients. We collected tissue and blood samples from 21 cases of serous ovarian cancer and eight healthy controls. We used silica adsorption method for isolation of RNA. The cDNA was synthesized using quantitative real-time PCR. We used beta-globin as a housekeeping gene for the normalization of the data. Protein-protein and miRNA networking were analyzed. There was a significant difference in the expression of CD24 in ovarian tissue between controls and patients (0.16 ± 0.32 vs. 44.97 ± 68.06; p < 0.01), while CD24 did not show expression in each plasma and exosome samples. There was a correlation in the expression of CD24 and FIGO grading between controls and patients. CD24 expression was detected in exosomes in 38.1% of patients, mainly with FIGO III, and in their plasma in 9.5% of cases. Our network analysis shows LYN, SELP, FGR, and NPM1 proteins are interacting with CD24. Our study demonstrates higher expression of CD24 in ovarian cancer patients' tissue samples, and there is an association with FIGO classification. However, CD24 showed expression only in some cell-free plasma and exosome samples.
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Filppula AM, Mustonen TM, Backman JT. In Vitro Screening of Six Protein Kinase Inhibitors for Time-Dependent Inhibition of CYP2C8 and CYP3A4: Possible Implications with regard to Drug-Drug Interactions. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:739-748. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Filppula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Tiffany M. Mustonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Janne T. Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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Kadi AA, Amer SM, Darwish HW, Attwa MW. Characterization of in vivo metabolites in rat urine following an oral dose of masitinib by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:61. [PMID: 29766296 PMCID: PMC5953916 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Masitinib (MST) is an orally administered drug that targets mast cells and macrophages, important cells for immunity, by inhibiting a limited number of tyrosine kinases. It is currently registered in Europe and USA for the treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs. AB Science announced that the European Medicines Agency has accepted a conditional marketing authorization application for MST to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In our work, we focused on studying in vivo metabolism of MST in Sprague–Dawley rats. Single oral dose of MST (33 mg kg−1) was given to Sprague–Dawley rats (kept in metabolic cages) using oral gavage. Urine was collected and filtered at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h from MST dosing. An equal amount of ACN was added to urine samples. Both organic and aqueous layers were injected into liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to detect in vivo phase I and phase II MST metabolites. The current work reports the identification and characterization of twenty in vivo phase I and four in vivo phase II metabolites of MST by LC–MS/MS. Phase I metabolic pathways were reduction, demethylation, hydroxylation, oxidative deamination, oxidation and N-oxide formation. Phase II metabolic pathways were the direct conjugation of MST, N-demethyl metabolites and oxidative metabolites with glucuronic acid. Part of MST dose was excreted unchanged in urine. The literature review showed no previous articles have been made on in vivo metabolism of MST or detailed structural identification of the formed in vivo phase I and phase II metabolites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan M Amer
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed W Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer continues to have high mortality despite the development of many chemotherapeutic agents. The 5-year relative survival for stage IV patients is less than 3%. This urgent unmet need warrants the development of novel and active therapeutic agents, which focus both on targeting cancer cells and modifying the microenvironment of cancer cells. Areas covered: In this article, the authors review the development of masitinib, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor of numerous targets, including c-Kit, PDGFR and FGFR. This review covers its development from the bench to clinical trials assessing its potential in pancreatic cancer. Expert opinion: While masitinib has not shown an increase in overall survival (OS) or progression free survival (PFS) compared to the current standard of care in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, masitinib may have a role in decreasing inflammation related to those patients with increased pain scores with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. If we have the tools to identify accurate subgroups of patients who may benefit from particular therapies, this agent may be of benefit to these patients. Indeed, if more sophisticated biomarkers and the identification of patient subgroups are better explained, the authors believe that masitinib will become part of the armamentarium against pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anem Waheed
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology , Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Sneha Purvey
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology , Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Muhammad Wasif Saif
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology , Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
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Caslin HL, Kiwanuka KN, Haque TT, Taruselli MT, MacKnight HP, Paranjape A, Ryan JJ. Controlling Mast Cell Activation and Homeostasis: Work Influenced by Bill Paul That Continues Today. Front Immunol 2018; 9:868. [PMID: 29755466 PMCID: PMC5932183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue resident, innate immune cells with heterogenous phenotypes tuned by cytokines and other microenvironmental stimuli. Playing a protective role in parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections, mast cells are also known for their role in the pathogenesis of allergy, asthma, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we review factors controlling mast cell activation, with a focus on receptor signaling and potential therapies for allergic disease. Specifically, we will discuss our work with FcεRI and FγR signaling, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1 treatment, and Stat5. We conclude with potential therapeutics for allergic disease. Much of these efforts have been influenced by the work of Bill Paul. With many mechanistic targets for mast cell activation and different classes of therapeutics being studied, there is reason to be hopeful for continued clinical progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Caslin
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kasalina N Kiwanuka
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Tamara T Haque
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - H Patrick MacKnight
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Anuya Paranjape
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Mast Cells Positive to Tryptase Are Correlated with Angiogenesis in Surgically-Treated Gastric Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041176. [PMID: 29649166 PMCID: PMC5979483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells and macrophages can play a role in tumor angiogenesis by stimulating microvascular density (MVD). The density of mast cells positive to tryptase (MCDPT), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and MVD were evaluated in a series of 86 gastric cancer (GC) tissue samples from patients who had undergone potential curative surgery. MCDPT, TAMs, and MVD were assessed in tumor tissue (TT) and in adjacent normal tissue (ANT) by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Each of the above parameters was correlated with the others and, in particular for TT, with important clinico-pathological features. In TT, a significant correlation between MCDPT, TAMs, and MVD was found by Pearson t-test analysis (p ranged from 0.01 to 0.02). No correlation to the clinico-pathological features was found. A significant difference in terms of mean MCDPT, TAMs, and MVD between TT and ANT was found (p ranged from 0.001 to 0.002). Obtained data suggest MCDPT, TAMs, and MVD increased from ANT to TT. Interestingly, MCDPT and TAMs are linked in the tumor microenvironment and they play a role in GC angiogenesis in a synergistic manner. The assessment of the combination of MCDPT and TAMs could represent a surrogate marker of angiogenesis and could be evaluated as a target of novel anti-angiogenic therapies in GC patients.
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40
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Hernandez B, Adissu HA, Wei BR, Michael HT, Merlino G, Simpson RM. Naturally Occurring Canine Melanoma as a Predictive Comparative Oncology Model for Human Mucosal and Other Triple Wild-Type Melanomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E394. [PMID: 29385676 PMCID: PMC5855616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma remains mostly an untreatable fatal disease despite advances in decoding cancer genomics and developing new therapeutic modalities. Progress in patient care would benefit from additional predictive models germane for human disease mechanisms, tumor heterogeneity, and therapeutic responses. Toward this aim, this review documents comparative aspects of human and naturally occurring canine melanomas. Clinical presentation, pathology, therapies, and genetic alterations are highlighted in the context of current basic and translational research in comparative oncology. Somewhat distinct from sun exposure-related human cutaneous melanomas, there is growing evidence that a variety of gene copy number alterations and protein structure/function mutations play roles in canine melanomas, in circumstances more analogous to human mucosal melanomas and to some extent other melanomas with murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), Neuroblastoma RAS Viral (V-Ras) Oncogene Homolog (NRAS), and neurofibromin 1 tumor suppressor NF1 triple wild-type genotype. Gaps in canine genome annotation, as well as an insufficient number and depth of sequences covered, remain considerable barriers to progress and should be collectively addressed. Preclinical approaches can be designed to include canine clinical trials addressing immune modulation as well as combined-targeted inhibition of Rat Sarcoma Superfamily/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) and/or Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B/Mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signal transduction, pathways frequently activated in both human and canine melanomas. Future investment should be aimed towards improving understanding of canine melanoma as a predictive preclinical surrogate for human melanoma and for mutually benefiting these uniquely co-dependent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Hernandez
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Medical Research Scholars Program, Office of Clinical Research Training and Medical Education, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Hibret A Adissu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Bih-Rong Wei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21704, USA.
| | - Helen T Michael
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- NIH Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Marech I, Ammendola M, Leporini C, Patruno R, Luposella M, Zizzo N, Passantino G, Sacco R, Farooqi AA, Zuccalà V, Leo S, Dentamaro R, Porcelli M, Gadaleta P, De Sarro G, Gadaleta CD, Ranieri G. C-Kit receptor and tryptase expressing mast cells correlate with angiogenesis in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 9:7918-7927. [PMID: 29487702 PMCID: PMC5814269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Kit protein is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor (c-KitR-TK), which is predominantly expressed on mast cells (MCs) playing a role in tumor angiogenesis. It could be also expressed on epithelial breast cancer cells (EBCCs), but no data have been published regarding the correlation between mast cells positive to c-KitR (MCs-c-KitR), EBCCs positive to c-KitR (EBCCs-c-KitR), BC angiogenesis in terms of microvessel density (MVD) and the main clinic-pathological features. This study aims to evaluate the above parameters and their correlations in a series of selected 121 female early BC patients. It has been found a strong correlation between MVD and MCDPT, and MCs-c-KitR, MVD and MCs density positive to tryptase (MCDPT), and MCs-c-KitR and MCDPT by Pearson correlation. These data suggest an involvement of both MCDPT and MCs-c-KitR in BC tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, BC tissue expressing c-KitR could be a putative predictive factor to c-KitR-TK inhibitors. In this way, selected patients with higher MCs-c-KitR could be candidate to receive c-KitR-TK inhibitors (e.g. masitinib, sunitinib) or tryptase inhibitors (e.g. nafamostat mesilate, gabexate mesilate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marech
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Department of Medical and Surgery Science Medical School, Clinical Surgery Unit, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Leporini
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, Magna Graecia University, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Patruno
- Chair of Pathology, Veterinary Medical School, Aldo Moro University, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Maria Luposella
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Chair of Pathology, Veterinary Medical School, Aldo Moro University, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Chair of Pathology, Veterinary Medical School, Aldo Moro University, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Rosario Sacco
- Department of Medical and Surgery Science Medical School, Clinical Surgery Unit, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, University of Lahore, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Valeria Zuccalà
- Pathology Unit, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvana Leo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Piazzetta Muratore, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosalba Dentamaro
- Senology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Porcelli
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Gadaleta
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, Magna Graecia University, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Amer SM, Kadi AA, Darwish HW, Attwa MW. LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of masitinib in RLMs matrix and rat urine: application to metabolic stability and excretion rate. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:136. [PMID: 29274040 PMCID: PMC5741569 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Masitinib (MST) is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method (LC–MS/MS) was developed for the quantification of MST in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) matrix. The developed method was applied to metabolic stability and excretion rate studies. Reversed phase liquid chromatography was used for resolution of MST and bosutinib (IS) using C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). Binary solvent system consisted of 35% solvent A (0.1% formic acid in H2O, pH: 3.2) and 65% solvent B (acetonitrile) used as mobile phase at flow rate of 0.25 mL with a total run
time of 5 min. Injection volume was 5 µL. Generation of ions was done in positive ESI source and quantification of MST and IS were done using MRM mode. The developed method showed a linearity in the range of 5–200 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.9992) with LOQ and LOD of 0.25 and 0.76 ng/mL in RLMs. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy ranged from 0.95 to 1.49 and − 5.22 to 1.13%, respectively in RLMs. Rate of disappearance of MST during incubation with RLMs was almost linear allover incubation time. In vitro t1/2 was 50.38 min and CLin was 3.11 ± 0.2. The developed method was applied also to measure the rate of masitinib excretion in rat urine. The method can used for further pharmacokinetic studies of MST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan M Amer
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W Attwa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Gotlib J. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Eosinophilic Neoplasms and Systemic Mastocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:643-661. [PMID: 28673393 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization's semimolecular classification of eosinophilias emphasizes neoplasms driven by fusion tyrosine kinases. More than 80% of patients with systemic mastocytosis carry the KIT D816V mutation, the primary driver of disease pathogenesis. Genetic annotation of these diseases is critical and affords opportunities for targeted therapy. This article discusses our understanding of the mutated tyrosine kinome of eosinophilic neoplasms and systemic mast cell disease, and the successes and limitations of available therapies. Use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as a bridge to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and development of more selective and potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gotlib
- Division of Hematology, Stanford Cancer Institute/Stanford University School of Medicine, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Room 2324, Stanford, CA 94305-5821, USA.
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Ammendola M, Gadaleta CD, Frampton AE, Piardi T, Memeo R, Zuccalà V, Luposella M, Patruno R, Zizzo N, Gadaleta P, Pessaux P, Sacco R, Sammarco G, Ranieri G. The density of mast cells c-Kit + and tryptase + correlates with each other and with angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70463-70471. [PMID: 29050294 PMCID: PMC5642569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature data suggest that inflammatory cells such as mast cells (MCs) are involved in angiogenesis. MCs can stimulate angiogenesis by releasing of well identified pro-angiogenic cytokines stored in their cytoplasm. In particular, MCs can release tryptase, a potent in vivo and in vitro pro-angiogenic factor. Nevertheless, few data are available concerning the role of MCs positive to tryptase in primary pancreatic cancer angiogenesis. This study analyzed the correlation between mast cells positive to c-Kit receptor (c-Kit+ MCs), the density of MCs expressing tryptase (MCD-T) and microvascular density (MVD) in primary tumor tissue from patients affected by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A series of 35 PDAC patients with stage T2-3N0-1M0 (by AJCC for Pancreas Cancer Staging 7th Edition) were selected and then undergone to surgery. Tumor tissue samples were evaluated by mean of immunohistochemistry and image analysis methods in terms of number of c-Kit+ MCs, MCD-T and MVD. The above parameters were related each other and with the most important main clinico-pathological features. A significant correlation between c-Kit+ MCs, MCD-T and MVD groups each other was found by Pearson t-test analysis (r ranged from 0.75 to 0.87; p-value ranged from 0.01 to 0.04). No other significant correlation was found. Our in vivo preliminary data, suggest that tumor microenvironmental MCs evaluated in terms of c-Kit+ MCs and MCD-T may play a role in PDAC angiogenesis and they could be further evaluated as a novel tumor biomarker and as a target of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ammendola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa-Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Traslational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Adam Enver Frampton
- HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tullio Piardi
- Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Hopital Robert Debre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Riccardo Memeo
- Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgical Unit, General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, IRCAD, IHU Mix-Surg, Institute for Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Surgery, University of Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valeria Zuccalà
- Pathology Unit, "Pugliese-Ciaccio" Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Luposella
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| | - Rosa Patruno
- Chair of Pathology, Veterinary Medical School, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Chair of Pathology, Veterinary Medical School, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Gadaleta
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Traslational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Patrick Pessaux
- Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgical Unit, General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, IRCAD, IHU Mix-Surg, Institute for Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Surgery, University of Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rosario Sacco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa-Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa-Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Traslational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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Fenton SE, Sosman JA, Chandra S. Emerging growth factor receptor antagonists for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2017; 22:165-174. [PMID: 28562096 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2017.1336537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapy for metastatic melanoma has undergone a rapid transformation over the past 5-10 years. Advances in immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors, including both anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1, have led to durable responses in up to 50% of patients. As our understanding of the processes driving the transformation of melanocytes has improved, progress in targeted therapies has also continued. Areas covered: Angiogenesis and the tumor's dependence on an expanded vascular supply has been a target for novel therapies since the 1970's, as this tissue is derived from endothelial cells that are genetically stable in adults. A phase II trial studying combined therapy with bevacizumab (an inhibitor of angiogenesis) and ipilimumab found promising results. Other agents such as sorafenib have not been as successful, failing to extend progression free or overall survival in clinical trials. In this paper other targeted growth factor inhibitors will also be discussed. Expert opinion: Ultimately, melanoma may not be vulnerable solely to chemotherapy or targeted therapy, but may be efficaciously treated with immunotherapy due to its high mutational rate resulting in the expression of numerous neo-antigens. Therapies with combinations of agents including growth factor receptor and either other targeted therapies or immunotherapy may be a promising complimentary approach.
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Ammendola M, Sacco R, Vescio G, Zuccalà V, Luposella M, Patruno R, Zizzo N, Gadaleta C, Marech I, Ruggieri R, Kocak IF, Ozgurtas T, Gadaleta CD, Sammarco G, Ranieri G. Tryptase mast cell density, protease-activated receptor-2 microvascular density, and classical microvascular density evaluation in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery: possible translational relevance. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2017; 10:353-360. [PMID: 28491140 PMCID: PMC5405880 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x16673981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) can stimulate angiogenesis, releasing several proangiogenic cytokines stored in their cytoplasm. In particular, MCs can release tryptase, a potent in vivo and in vitro proangiogenic factor via protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Nevertheless, no data are available concerning the relationship among tryptase MC density (TMCD), endothelial cells (ECs) positive to PAR-2 microvascular density (PAR-2-MVD) and classical MVD (C-MVD) in gastric cancer (GC) angiogenesis. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the correlation of TMCD, PAR-2-MVD, C-MVD with each other and with the main clinicopathological features in GC patients who underwent surgery. A series of 77 GC patients with stage T2-3N2-3M0 (classified by the American Joint Committee on Cancer for Gastric Cancer, 7th edition) were selected and then underwent surgery. RESULTS Tumour tissue samples were evaluated by mean of immunohistochemistry and image analysis methods in terms of numbers of TMCD, PAR-2-MVD and C-MVD. A significant correlation between the TMCD, PAR-2-MVD and C-MVD groups with each other was found by Pearson t-test analysis (r ranged from 0.64 to 0.76; p value ranged from 0.02 to 0.03). There was no other significant correlation between the above parameters and clinicopathological features. CONCLUSIONS Our in vivo preliminary data suggest that TMCD and PAR-2-MVD may play a role in GC angiogenesis and they could be further evaluated as a target of antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosario Sacco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University of Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’ Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Vescio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University of Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’ Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Zuccalà
- Health Science Department, Pathology Unit, University of Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’ Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Luposella
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, ‘San Giovanni di Dio’ Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| | - Rosa Patruno
- Chair of Pathology, University ‘Aldo Moro’ Veterinary Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Chair of Pathology, University ‘Aldo Moro’ Veterinary Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Gadaleta
- Chair of Pathology, University ‘Aldo Moro’ Veterinary Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marech
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Ruggieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, Bari, Italy
| | - Ibrahim Furkan Kocak
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taner Ozgurtas
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University of Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’ Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, Bari, Italy
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Tauber PA, Pickl WF. Pharmacological targeting of allergen-specific T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 2017; 189:27-39. [PMID: 28322861 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic disorders are the result of a complex pathophysiology, involving major cellular lineages and a multitude of humoral factors of the innate and adaptive immune system, and have the tendency to involve multiple organs. Consequently, even standard pharmacological treatment of allergies is rarely specific but usually targets more than one pathway/cellular system at a time. Accordingly, many of the classic anti-allergic drugs have a critical impact also on T helper cells, which are pivotal not only during the sensitization but also the maintenance phase of allergic diseases. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase of novel drugs with the potency to interfere, more or less specifically, with T lymphocyte function, which might, possibly together with classic anti-allergic drugs, help harnessing one of the central cellular players in allergic responses. A major theme in the years to come will be a thoughtful combination of previously established with recently developed treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Tauber
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Amer S, Kadi AA, Darwish HW, Attwa MW. Identification and characterization of in vitro phase I and reactive metabolites of masitinib using a LC-MS/MS method: bioactivation pathway elucidation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25767d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro phase I metabolic reactions & cyano conjugates of masitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan M. Amer
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Cairo 11562
- Egypt
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Cairo 11562
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Cairo 11562
- Egypt
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49
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Ammendola M, Sacco R, Zuccalà V, Luposella M, Patruno R, Gadaleta P, Zizzo N, Gadaleta CD, De Sarro G, Sammarco G, Oltean M, Ranieri G. Mast Cells Density Positive to Tryptase Correlate with Microvascular Density in both Primary Gastric Cancer Tissue and Loco-Regional Lymph Node Metastases from Patients That Have Undergone Radical Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111905. [PMID: 27854307 PMCID: PMC5133903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast Cells (MCs) play a role in immune responses and more recently MCs have been involved in tumoral angiogenesis. In particular MCs can release tryptase, a potent in vivo and in vitro pro-angiogenic factor via proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. MCs can release tryptase following c-Kit receptor activation. Nevertheless, no data are available concerning the relationship among MCs Density Positive to Tryptase (MCDPT) and Microvascular Density (MVD) in both primary gastric cancer tissue and loco-regional lymph node metastases. A series of 75 GC patients with stage T2-3N2-3M₀ (by AJCC for Gastric Cancer Seventh Edition) undergone to radical surgery were selected for the study. MCDPT and MVD were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and by image analysis system and results were correlated each to other in primary tumor tissue and in metastatic lymph nodes harvested. Furthermore, tissue parameters were correlated with important clinico-pathological features. A significant correlation between MCDPT and MVD was found in primary gastric cancer tissue and lymph node metastases. Pearson t-test analysis (r ranged from 0.74 to 0.79; p-value ranged from 0.001 to 0.003). These preliminary data suggest that MCDPT play a role in angiogenesis in both primary tumor and in lymph node metastases from GC. We suggest that MCs and tryptase could be further evaluated as novel targets for anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ammendola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Surgery Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosario Sacco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Valeria Zuccalà
- Pathology Unit, "Pugliese-Ciaccio" Hospital, Viale Pio X, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Luposella
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy.
| | - Rosa Patruno
- Chair of Pathology, Veterinary Medical School, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Via Casamassima, 70010 Bari, Italy.
| | - Pietro Gadaleta
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Chair of Pathology, Veterinary Medical School, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Via Casamassima, 70010 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Mihai Oltean
- The Institute for Clinical Sciences, Department of Transplantation, University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Gągało I, Rusiecka I, Kocić I. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor as a new Therapy for Ischemic Stroke and other Neurologic Diseases: is there any Hope for a Better Outcome? Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:836-44. [PMID: 26630962 PMCID: PMC4759323 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150518235504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of malignancies has
been already defined. Aberrant activation of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways has been causally
linked not only to cancers but also to other non-oncological diseases. This review concentrates on the
novel plausible usage of this group of drugs in neurological disorders, such as ischemic brain stroke,
subarachnoid hemorrhage, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis. The drugs considered here are
representatives of both receptor and non-receptor TKIs. Among them imatinib and masitinib have the
broadest spectrum of therapeutic usage. Both drugs are effective in ischemic brain stroke and multiple
sclerosis, but only imatinib produces a therapeutic effect in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Masitinib and
dasatinib reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. In the case of multiple sclerosis several TKIs are useful, including
apart from imatinib and masitinib, also sunitinib, sorafenib, lestaurtinib. Furthermore, the possible molecular targets for
the drugs are described in connection with the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in the diseases in question. The
most frequent target for the TKIs is PDGFR which plays a pivotal role particularly in ischemic brain stroke and
subarachnoid hemorrhage. The collected data indicates that TKIs are very promising candidates for new therapeutic
interventions in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Kocić
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa 23, 80-204, Gdansk, Poland.
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