1
|
Augustine L, Varghese L, Kappachery S, Ramaswami VM, Surendrababu SP, Sakuntala M, Thomas G. Comparative analyses reveal a phenylalanine ammonia lyase dependent and salicylic acid mediated host resistance in Zingiber zerumbet against the necrotrophic soft rot pathogen Pythium myriotylum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111972. [PMID: 38176527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular basis of host defense in resistant wild species Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith against the soil-borne, necrotrophic oomycete pathogen Pythium myriotylum Drechsler, which causes the devastating soft rot disease in the spice crop ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). We investigated the pattern of host defense between Z. zerumbet and ginger in response to P. myriotylum inoculation. Analysis of gene expression microarray data revealed enrichment of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes, particularly lignin biosynthesis genes, in pathogen-inoculated Z. zerumbet compared to ginger. RT-qPCR analysis showed the robust activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes in Z. zerumbet, including the core genes PAL, C4H, 4CL, and the monolignol biosynthesis and polymerization genes such as CCR, CAD, C3H, CCoAOMT, F5H, COMT, and LAC. Additionally, Z. zerumbet exhibited the accumulation of the phenolic acids including p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid that are characteristic of the cell walls of commelinoid monocots like Zingiberaceae and are involved in cell wall strengthening by cross linking with lignin. Z. zerumbet also had higher total lignin and total phenolics content compared to pathogen-inoculated ginger. Phloroglucinol staining revealed the enhanced fortification of cell walls in Z. zerumbet, specifically in xylem vessels and surrounding cells. The trypan blue staining indicated inhibition of pathogen growth in Z. zerumbet at the first leaf whorl, while ginger showed complete colonization of the pith within 36 h post inoculation (hpi). Accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and induction of SA regulator NPR1 and the signaling marker PR1 were observed in Z. zerumbet. Silencing of PAL in Z. zerumbet through VIGS suppressed downstream genes, leading to reduced phenylpropanoid accumulation and SA level, resulting in the susceptibility of plants to P. myriotylum. These findings highlight the essential role of PAL-dependent mechanisms in resistance against P. myriotylum in Z. zerumbet. Moreover, our results suggest an unconventional role for SA in mediating host resistance against a necrotroph. Targeting the phenylpropanoid pathway could be a promising strategy for the effective management of P. myriotylum in ginger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Augustine
- Plant Disease Biology and Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, India
| | - Lini Varghese
- Plant Disease Biology and Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, India
| | - Sajeesh Kappachery
- Plant Disease Biology and Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, India
| | - Vinitha Meenakshy Ramaswami
- Plant Disease Biology and Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Swathy Puthanvila Surendrababu
- Plant Disease Biology and Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, India.
| | - Manjula Sakuntala
- Plant Disease Biology and Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - George Thomas
- Plant Disease Biology and Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peracchi LM, Panahabadi R, Barros-Rios J, Bartley LE, Sanguinet KA. Grass lignin: biosynthesis, biological roles, and industrial applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343097. [PMID: 38463570 PMCID: PMC10921064 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer found in most terrestrial plants that contributes an essential role in plant growth, abiotic stress tolerance, and biotic stress resistance. Recent research in grass lignin biosynthesis has found differences compared to dicots such as Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, the prolific incorporation of hydroxycinnamic acids into grass secondary cell walls improve the structural integrity of vascular and structural elements via covalent crosslinking. Conversely, fundamental monolignol chemistry conserves the mechanisms of monolignol translocation and polymerization across the plant phylum. Emerging evidence suggests grass lignin compositions contribute to abiotic stress tolerance, and periods of biotic stress often alter cereal lignin compositions to hinder pathogenesis. This same recalcitrance also inhibits industrial valorization of plant biomass, making lignin alterations and reductions a prolific field of research. This review presents an update of grass lignin biosynthesis, translocation, and polymerization, highlights how lignified grass cell walls contribute to plant development and stress responses, and briefly addresses genetic engineering strategies that may benefit industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi M. Peracchi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Rahele Panahabadi
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Jaime Barros-Rios
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Laura E. Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Karen A. Sanguinet
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balk M, Sofia P, Neffe AT, Tirelli N. Lignin, the Lignification Process, and Advanced, Lignin-Based Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11668. [PMID: 37511430 PMCID: PMC10380785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
At a time when environmental considerations are increasingly pushing for the application of circular economy concepts in materials science, lignin stands out as an under-used but promising and environmentally benign building block. This review focuses (A) on understanding what we mean with lignin, i.e., where it can be found and how it is produced in plants, devoting particular attention to the identity of lignols (including ferulates that are instrumental for integrating lignin with cell wall polysaccharides) and to the details of their coupling reactions and (B) on providing an overview how lignin can actually be employed as a component of materials in healthcare and energy applications, finally paying specific attention to the use of lignin in the development of organic shape-memory materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balk
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Pietro Sofia
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- The Open University Affiliated Research Centre at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (ARC@IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Axel T Neffe
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Naujokienė V, Lekavičienė K, Eigirdas E, Šarauskis E. Shredding Roller Effect on the Cannabis sativa L. Residues and Environmental. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fiber cannabis has been grown in Lithuania for a long time, but its cultivation technologies have not been widely studied. However, the growing population and consumption forces us to look to alternatives and to make efforts and find solutions to facilitate the cultivation of fiber cannabis because the use of fiber cannabis can be for many different types of products. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the interaction of fibrous cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) residue and soil on the mechanical properties of the residue and the environment in cultivation technology using a shredding roller. The study determined the effect of the shredding roller on the moisture content of cannabis residues, lignin content, visual changes, and mechanical characteristics of breaking and cutting. Examining cannabis residues according to the dominant different diameters of 5-, 8-, and 10-mm organic cannabis residues, it was found that the highest efficiency of the shredding roller is when rolling 5 mm diameter cannabis residue stems. The efficiency of the shredding roller for reducing the mechanical characteristics of cannabis residues and the need for shredding force was up to 20.78%. The results obtained are significant if the cannabis crop used with the shredding roller is organic, as the smallest diameter plant residues would be the most abundant. Studies have concluded that the moisture content of cannabis residues, the visual changes, and the need for crushing force prove the efficiency of the shredding roller, and the cannabis cultivation technology influences the decomposition of cannabis residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Naujokienė
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu Str. 15A, LT-53362 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Lekavičienė
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu Str. 15A, LT-53362 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Eimantas Eigirdas
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu Str. 15A, LT-53362 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Šarauskis
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu Str. 15A, LT-53362 Akademija, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yue X, Suopajärvi T, Sun S, Mankinen O, Mikkelson A, Huttunen H, Komulainen S, Romakkaniemi I, Ahola J, Telkki VV, Liimatainen H. High-purity lignin fractions and nanospheres rich in phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups isolated with alkaline deep eutectic solvent from wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127570. [PMID: 35788393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A combined pretreatment based on alkaline deep eutectic solvent (DES) of K2CO3 and glycerol and sequential acid fractionation was developed to extract reactive lignin from wheat straw biomass. This process exhibited excellent purification performance in lignin isolation, and the lignin fractionated at low pH displayed high reactivity, having hydroxyl and carboxyl groups up to 9.60 and 2.52 mmol/g, respectively. Silica was selectively separated and removed during the precipitation stage, avoiding the "silica interference". Moreover, DES-lignin nanospheres created by self-assembly using lignin fractions obtained by acid precipitation possessed a high zeta potential, large particle size and high content of hydrophilic groups. Overall, the findings related to the dissociation mechanism and fractionation of reactive lignin during alkaline DES pretreatment and the acid sequence precipitation are crucial for facilitating lignin valorization in high-added value products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- Fiber and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Suopajärvi
- Fiber and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Shirong Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Otto Mankinen
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Atte Mikkelson
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Vuorimiehentie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Harri Huttunen
- Unit of Measurement Technology MITY, Teknologiapuisto PL 127, 87400 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Komulainen
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Idamaria Romakkaniemi
- Chemical Process Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Ahola
- Chemical Process Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Henrikki Liimatainen
- Fiber and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carrillo-Díaz MI, Miranda-Romero LA, Chávez-Aguilar G, Zepeda-Batista JL, González-Reyes M, García-Casillas AC, Tirado-González DN, Tirado-Estrada G. Improvement of Ruminal Neutral Detergent Fiber Degradability by Obtaining and Using Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes from White-Rot Fungi. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070843. [PMID: 35405833 PMCID: PMC8997131 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review examines the factors and variables that should be considered to obtain, design, and evaluate EFEs that might enhance ruminal NDF degradability. Different combinations of words were introduced in Google Scholar, then scientific articles were examined and included if the reported factors and variables addressed the objective of this review. One-hundred-and-sixteen articles were included. The fungal strains and culture media used to grow white-rot fungi induced the production of specific isoforms of cellulases and xylanases; therefore, EFE products for ruminant feed applications should be obtained in cultures that include the high-fibrous forages used in the diets of those animals. Additionally, the temperature, pH, osmolarity conditions, and EFE synergisms and interactions with ruminal microbiota and endogenous fibrolytic enzymes should be considered. More consistent results have been observed in studies that correlate the cellulase-to-xylanase ratio with ruminant productive behavior. EFE protection (immobilization) allows researchers to obtain enzymatic products that may act under ruminal pH and temperature conditions. It is possible to generate multi-enzyme cocktails that act at different times, re-associate enzymes, and simulate natural protective structures such as cellulosomes. Some EFEs could consistently improve ruminal NDF degradability if we consider fungal cultures and ruminal environmental conditions variables, and include biotechnological tools that might be useful to design novel enzymatic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Carrillo-Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Colima, Tecomán 8930, Colima, Mexico; (M.I.C.-D.); (J.L.Z.-B.); (A.C.G.-C.)
| | - Luis Alberto Miranda-Romero
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Edo. México, Mexico;
| | - Griselda Chávez-Aguilar
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria Agricultura Familiar (CENID AF), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Ojuelos de Jalisco 47540, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Zepeda-Batista
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Colima, Tecomán 8930, Colima, Mexico; (M.I.C.-D.); (J.L.Z.-B.); (A.C.G.-C.)
| | - Mónica González-Reyes
- División de Estudios de Posgrado (DEPI), Tecnológico Nacional de México Aguascalientes (TecNM)/Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL), El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, Mexico;
| | - Arturo César García-Casillas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Colima, Tecomán 8930, Colima, Mexico; (M.I.C.-D.); (J.L.Z.-B.); (A.C.G.-C.)
| | - Deli Nazmín Tirado-González
- Departamento de Ingenierías, Tecnológico Nacional de México Aguascalientes (TecNM)/Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL), El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.N.T.-G.); (G.T.-E.)
| | - Gustavo Tirado-Estrada
- División de Estudios de Posgrado (DEPI), Tecnológico Nacional de México Aguascalientes (TecNM)/Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL), El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (D.N.T.-G.); (G.T.-E.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kanbar A, Schäfer DS, Keller J, Nick P, Bunzel M. Toward bioeconomy of a multipurpose cereal: Cell wall chemistry of Sorghum is largely buffered against stem sugar content. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Kanbar
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Daniela S. Schäfer
- Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Judith Keller
- Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Colas V, Barre P, van Parijs F, Wolters L, Quitté Y, Ruttink T, Roldán-Ruiz I, Escobar Gutiérrez AJ, Muylle H. Seasonal Differences in Structural and Genetic Control of Digestibility in Perennial Ryegrass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:801145. [PMID: 35058960 PMCID: PMC8765707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.801145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass is an important forage crop in dairy farming, either for grazing or haying purposes. To further optimise the forage use, this study focused on understanding forage digestibility in the two most important cuts of perennial ryegrass, the spring cut at heading and the autumn cut. In a highly diverse collection of 592 Lolium perenne genotypes, the organic matter digestibility (OMD) and underlying traits such as cell wall digestibility (NDFD) and cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) were investigated for 2 years. A high genotype × season interaction was found for OMD and NDFD, indicating differences in genetic control of these forage quality traits in spring versus autumn. OMD could be explained by both the quantity of cell wall content (NDF) and the quality of the cell wall content (NDFD). The variability in NDFD in spring was mainly explained by differences in hemicellulose. A 1% increase of the hemicellulose content in the cell wall (HC.NDF) resulted in an increase of 0.81% of NDFD. In autumn, it was mainly explained by the lignin content in the cell wall (ADL.NDF). A 0.1% decrease of ADL.NDF resulted in an increase of 0.41% of NDFD. The seasonal traits were highly heritable and showed a higher variation in autumn versus spring, indicating the potential to select for forage quality in the autumn cut. In a candidate gene association mapping approach, in which 503 genes involved in cell wall biogenesis, plant architecture, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signalling, identified significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which could explain from 29 to 52% of the phenotypic variance in the forage quality traits OMD and NDFD, with small effects of each marker taken individually (ranging from 1 to 7%). No identical QTLs were identified between seasons, but within a season, some QTLs were in common between digestibility traits and cell wall composition traits confirming the importance of hemicellulose concentration for spring digestibility and lignin concentration in NDF for autumn digestibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Colas
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (URP3F), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Lusignan, France
| | - Philippe Barre
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (URP3F), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Lusignan, France
| | - Frederik van Parijs
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Lukas Wolters
- DSV zaden Nederland B.V., Ven Zelderheide, Netherlands
| | | | - Tom Ruttink
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abraham J. Escobar Gutiérrez
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (URP3F), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Lusignan, France
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
da Costa RMF, Winters A, Hauck B, Martín D, Bosch M, Simister R, Gomez LD, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Canhoto JM. Biorefining Potential of Wild-Grown Arundo donax, Cortaderia selloana and Phragmites australis and the Feasibility of White-Rot Fungi-Mediated Pretreatments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:679966. [PMID: 34276732 PMCID: PMC8283202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.679966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Arundo donax, Cortaderia selloana and Phragmites australis are high-biomass-producing perennial Poalean species that grow abundantly and spontaneously in warm temperate regions, such as in Mediterranean-type climates, like those of Southern Europe, Western United States coastal areas, or in regions of South America, South Africa and Australia. Given their vigorous and spontaneous growth, biomass from the studied grasses often accumulates excessively in unmanaged agro-forestry areas. Nonetheless, this also creates the demand and opportunity for the valorisation of these biomass sources, particularly their cell wall polymers, for biorefining applications. By contrast, a related crop, Miscanthus × giganteus, is a perennial grass that has been extensively studied for lignocellulosic biomass production, as it can grow on low-input agricultural systems in colder climates. In this study Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and lignin content determinations were used for a comparative compositional characterisation of A. donax, C. selloana and P. australis harvested from the wild, in relation to a trial field-grown M. × giganteus high-yielding genotype. A high-throughput saccharification assay showed relatively high sugar release values from the wild-grown grasses, even with a 0.1M NaOH mild alkali pretreatment. In addition to this alkaline pretreatment, biomass was treated with white-rot fungi (WRF), which preferentially degrade lignin more readily than holocellulose. Three fungal species were used: Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor. Our results showed that neutral sugar contents are not significantly altered, while some lignin is lost during the pretreatments. Furthermore, sugar release upon enzymatic saccharification was enhanced, and this was dependent on the plant biomass and fungal species used in the treatment. To maximise the potential for lignocellulose valorisation, the liquid fractions from the pretreatments were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography - photodiode array detection - electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS n ). This study is one of the first to report on the composition of WRF-treated grass biomass, while assessing the potential relevance of breakdown products released during the treatments, beyond more traditional sugar-for-energy applications. Ultimately, we expect that our data will help promote the valorisation of unused biomass resources, create economic value, while contributing to the implementation of sustainable biorefining systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. F. da Costa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Hauck
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Martín
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Simister
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo D. Gomez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jorge M. Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
López-Malvar A, Malvar RA, Souto XC, Gomez LD, Simister R, Encina A, Barros-Rios J, Pereira-Crespo S, Santiago R. Elucidating the multifunctional role of the cell wall components in the maize exploitation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:251. [PMID: 34078286 PMCID: PMC8170779 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the use of maize grain as food and feed, maize stover can be a profitable by-product for cellulosic ethanol production, whereas the whole plant can be used for silage production. However, yield is reduced by pest damages, stem corn borers being one of the most important yield constraints. Overall, cell wall composition is key in determining the quality of maize biomass, as well as pest resistance. This study aims to evaluate the composition of the four cell wall fractions (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and hydroxycinnamates) in diverse maize genotypes and to understand how this composition influences the resistance to pests, ethanol capacity and digestibility. RESULTS The following results can be highlighted: (i) pests' resistant materials may show cell walls with low p-coumaric acid and low hemicellulose content; (ii) inbred lines showing cell walls with high cellulose content and high diferulate cross-linking may present higher performance for ethanol production; (iii) and inbreds with enhanced digestibility may have cell walls poor in neutral detergent fibre and diferulates, combined with a lignin polymer composition richer in G subunits. CONCLUSIONS Results evidence that there is no maize cell wall ideotype among the tested for optimal performance for various uses, and maize plants should be specifically bred for each particular application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana López-Malvar
- Facultad, de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal Y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos Y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a La MBG (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
| | - Rosa Ana Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pazo de Salcedo, Carballeira 8, 36143, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Xose Carlos Souto
- E.E. Forestales, Dpto. Ingenieria Recursos Naturales Y Medio Ambiente, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Rachael Simister
- CNAP, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Antonio Encina
- Dpto. Ingeniería Y Ciencias Agrarias, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Jaime Barros-Rios
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #311428, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Sonia Pereira-Crespo
- Laboratorio Interprofesional Galego de Análise Do Leite (LIGAL), Mabegondo, 15318, A Coruña, Abegondo, Spain
| | - Rogelio Santiago
- Facultad, de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal Y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos Y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a La MBG (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carrizo IM, López Colomba E, Tommasino E, Carloni E, Bollati G, Grunberg K. Contrasting adaptive responses to cope with drought stress and recovery in Cenchrus ciliaris L. and their implications for tissue lignification. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:762-779. [PMID: 33179274 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cenchrus ciliaris L. is a widely used species for cattle feed in arid and semi-arid regions due to good forage value and known tolerance to drought conditions. Here, we provide insights to adaptive responses of two contrasting genotypes of C. ciliaris (drought-tolerant "RN51" and drought-sensitive "RN1") to face drought stress and recovery conditions and the implications for tissue lignification. Drought stress caused a reversible decrease in the leaf water relationship and damage to photosystem II, leading to an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Plants of RN51 exhibited a pronounced increase of antioxidant enzymatic activities. Unlike the drought-sensitive genotype, RN51 exhibited further development of lignified tissues and bulliform cells and had the greatest thickness of the adaxial epidermis. Drought stress led to the rapid activation of the expression of lignin biosynthesis pathway-related enzymes. The transcript level of the caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene decreased in RN1, whereas cinnamoyl-CoA reductase transcripts were increased in RN51. After rewatering, the tolerant genotype recovered more rapidly than RN1. Even though the two genotypes survived when they were exposed to drought stress, RN1 showed the highest reduction in growth parameters, and this reduction was sustained during rewatering. The results indicated that the capacity to regulate lipid peroxidation and mitigate oxidative damage could be one of the mechanisms included in tolerance to drought stress. In addition, the development of foliar characteristics, like thickness of the adaxial epidermis, well-developed bulliform cells, and intensive lignified tissues, are considered anatomical adaptive strategies for drought tolerance in C. ciliaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iliana M Carrizo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz, Argentina
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliana López Colomba
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Exequiel Tommasino
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Carloni
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela Bollati
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Karina Grunberg
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz, Argentina
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kraemer FJ, Lunde C, Koch M, Kuhn BM, Ruehl C, Brown PJ, Hoffmann P, Göhre V, Hake S, Pauly M, Ramírez V. A mixed-linkage (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan specific hydrolase mediates dark-triggered degradation of this plant cell wall polysaccharide. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1559-1573. [PMID: 33793956 PMCID: PMC8133622 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of mixed-linkage (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan (MLG) in plant cell walls is a key feature of grass species such as cereals, the main source of calorie intake for humans and cattle. Accumulation of this polysaccharide involves the coordinated regulation of biosynthetic and metabolic machineries. While several components of the MLG biosynthesis machinery have been identified in diverse plant species, degradation of MLG is poorly understood. In this study, we performed a large-scale forward genetic screen for maize (Zea mays) mutants with altered cell wall polysaccharide structural properties. As a result, we identified a maize mutant with increased MLG content in several tissues, including adult leaves and senesced organs, where only trace amounts of MLG are usually detected. The causative mutation was found in the GRMZM2G137535 gene, encoding a GH17 licheninase as demonstrated by an in vitro activity assay of the heterologously expressed protein. In addition, maize plants overexpressing GRMZM2G137535 exhibit a 90% reduction in MLG content, indicating that the protein is not only required, but its expression is sufficient to degrade MLG. Accordingly, the mutant was named MLG hydrolase 1 (mlgh1). mlgh1 plants show increased saccharification yields upon enzymatic digestion. Stacking mlgh1 with lignin-deficient mutations results in synergistic increases in saccharification. Time profiling experiments indicate that wall MLG content is modulated during day/night cycles, inversely associated with MLGH1 transcript accumulation. This cycling is absent in the mlgh1 mutant, suggesting that the mechanism involved requires MLG degradation, which may in turn regulate MLGH1 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Kraemer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - China Lunde
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA
| | - Moritz Koch
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Present address: Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Kuhn
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Present address: Borer Chemie AG, 4528 Zuchwil, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Ruehl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Present address: Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, 65929 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Philipp Hoffmann
- Institute of Microbiology/Group Pathogenicity, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Vera Göhre
- Institute of Microbiology/Group Pathogenicity, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Sarah Hake
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA
| | - Markus Pauly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology—Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Vicente Ramírez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology—Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ward NE. Debranching enzymes in corn/soybean meal-based poultry feeds: a review. Poult Sci 2021; 100:765-775. [PMID: 33518131 PMCID: PMC7858153 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the complex nature of the primary nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) in corn with respect to the merit of debranching enzymes. Celluloses, hemicelluloses, and pectins comprise the 3 major categories of NSP that make up nearly 90% of plant cell walls. Across cereals, the hemicellulose arabinoxylan exists as the primary NSP, followed by cellulose, glucans, and others. Differences in arabinoxylan structure among cereals and cereal fractions are facilitated by cereal type, degree and pattern of substitution along the xylan backbone, phenol content, and cross-linkages. In particular, arabinoxylan (also called glucuronoarabinoxylan) in corn is heavily fortified with substituents, being more populated than in wheat and other cereal grains. Feed-grade xylanases - almost solely of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 10 and GH 11 families - require at least 2 or 3 contiguous xylose units to be free of attachments to effectively attack the xylan chain. This canopy of attachments, along with a high phenol content and the insoluble nature of corn glucuronoarabinoxylan, confers a significant resistance to xylanase attack. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that debranching enzymes appreciably increase xylanase access and fiber degradability by removing these attachments and breaking phenolic linkages. The enzymatic degradation of the highly branched arabinoxylan can facilitate disassembly of other fibers by increasing exposure to pertinent carbohydrases. For cereals, the arabinofuranosidases, α-glucuronidases, and esterases are some of the more germane debranching enzymes. Enzyme composites beyond the simple core mixes of xylanases, cellulases, and glucanases can exploit synergistic benefits generated by this class of enzymes. A broad scope of enzymatic activity in customized mixes can more effectively target the resilient NSP construct of cereal grains in commercial poultry diets, particularly those in corn-based feeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson E Ward
- Animal Nutrition and Health Group, DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Ringoes, NJ 08551, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Breeding Targets to Improve Biomass Quality in Miscanthus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020254. [PMID: 33419100 PMCID: PMC7825460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic crops are attractive bioresources for energy and chemicals production within a sustainable, carbon circular society. Miscanthus is one of the perennial grasses that exhibits great potential as a dedicated feedstock for conversion to biobased products in integrated biorefineries. The current biorefinery strategies are primarily focused on polysaccharide valorization and require severe pretreatments to overcome the lignin barrier. The need for such pretreatments represents an economic burden and impacts the overall sustainability of the biorefinery. Hence, increasing its efficiency has been a topic of great interest. Inversely, though pretreatment will remain an essential step, there is room to reduce its severity by optimizing the biomass composition rendering it more exploitable. Extensive studies have examined the miscanthus cell wall structures in great detail, and pinpointed those components that affect biomass digestibility under various pretreatments. Although lignin content has been identified as the most important factor limiting cell wall deconstruction, the effect of polysaccharides and interaction between the different constituents play an important role as well. The natural variation that is available within different miscanthus species and increased understanding of biosynthetic cell wall pathways have specified the potential to create novel accessions with improved digestibility through breeding or genetic modification. This review discusses the contribution of the main cell wall components on biomass degradation in relation to hydrothermal, dilute acid and alkaline pretreatments. Furthermore, traits worth advancing through breeding will be discussed in light of past, present and future breeding efforts.
Collapse
|
15
|
A grass-specific cellulose-xylan interaction dominates in sorghum secondary cell walls. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6081. [PMID: 33247125 PMCID: PMC7695714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a promising source of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals, as well as for forage. Understanding secondary cell wall architecture is key to understanding recalcitrance i.e. identifying features which prevent the efficient conversion of complex biomass to simple carbon units. Here, we use multi-dimensional magic angle spinning solid-state NMR to characterize the sorghum secondary cell wall. We show that xylan is mainly in a three-fold screw conformation due to dense arabinosyl substitutions, with close proximity to cellulose. We also show that sorghum secondary cell walls present a high ratio of amorphous to crystalline cellulose as compared to dicots. We propose a model of sorghum cell wall architecture which is dominated by interactions between three-fold screw xylan and amorphous cellulose. This work will aid the design of low-recalcitrance biomass crops, a requirement for a sustainable bioeconomy. Sorghum is a source of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of renewable fuels. Here the authors characterise the sorghum secondary cell wall using multi-dimensional magic angle spinning solid-state NMR and present a model dominated by interactions between three-fold screw xylan and amorphous cellulose.
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi F, Wang Y, Davaritouchaee M, Yao Y, Kang K. Directional Structure Modification of Poplar Biomass-Inspired High Efficacy of Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Sequential Dilute Acid-Alkali Treatment. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24780-24789. [PMID: 33015496 PMCID: PMC7528282 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in converting lignocellulose to biofuel is overcoming the resistance of the biomass structure. Herein, sequential dilute acid-alkali/aqueous ammonia treatment was evaluated to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar biomass by removing hemicellulose first and then removing lignin with acid and base, respectively. The results show that glucose release in sequential dilute acid-alkali treatments (61.4-71.4 mg/g) was 7.3-24.8% higher than sequential dilute acid-aqueous ammonia treatments (57.2-61.8 mg/g) and 283.8-346.3% higher than control (16.0 mg/g), respectively. Dilute acid treatment removed most hemicellulose (84.9%) of the biomass, followed by alkaline treatment with 27.5% removal of lignin. Roughness, surface area, and micropore volume of the biomass were crucial for the enzymatic hydrolysis. Furthermore, the ultrastructure changes observed using crystallinity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry support the effects of sequential dilute acid-alkali treatment. The results provide an efficient approach to facilitate a better enzymatic hydrolysis of the poplar samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxi Shi
- College
of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Agro-Environmental
Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Maryam Davaritouchaee
- The
Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Yiqing Yao
- College
of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kang Kang
- Institute
for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), Western University, 22312 Wonderland Road North, London N0M 2A0, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kost MA, Perales H, Wijeratne S, Wijeratne AJ, Stockinger EJ, Mercer KL. Transcriptional differentiation of UV-B protectant genes in maize landraces spanning an elevational gradient in Chiapas, Mexico. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1949-1967. [PMID: 32908597 PMCID: PMC7463351 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, farmers cultivate and maintain crop landraces (i.e., traditional varieties). Landraces contain unique diversity shaped in part by natural and human-mediated selection and are an indispensable resource for farmers. Since environmental conditions change with elevation, crop landraces grown along elevational gradients have provided ideal locations to explore patterns of local adaptation. To further probe traits underlying this differentiation, transcriptome signatures can help provide a foundation for understanding the ways in which functional genetic diversity may be shaped by environment. In this study, we returned to an elevational gradient in Chiapas, Mexico, to assess transcriptional differentiation of genes underlying UV-B protection in locally adapted maize landraces from multiple elevations. We collected and planted landraces from three elevational zones (lowland, approximately 600 m; midland, approximately 1,550 m; highland approximately 2,100 m) in a common garden at 1,531 m. Using RNA-seq data derived from leaf tissue, we performed differential expression analysis between maize from these distinct elevations. Highland and lowland landraces displayed differential expression in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes involved in the production of UV-B protectants and did so at a rate greater than expected based on observed background transcriptional differentiation across the genome. These findings provide evidence for the differentiation of suites of genes involved in complex ecologically relevant pathways. Thus, while neutral evolutionary processes may have played a role in the observed patterns of differentiation, UV-B may have also acted as a selective pressure to differentiate maize landraces in the region. Studies of the distribution of functional crop genetic diversity across variable landscapes can aid us in understanding the response of diversity to abiotic/biotic change and, ultimately, may facilitate its conservation and utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Kost
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
| | - Hugo Perales
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y AmbienteEl Colegio de la Frontera SurSan Cristóbal de Las CasasChiapasMexico
| | - Saranga Wijeratne
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging CenterOhio Agricultural Research and Development CenterThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
| | - Asela J. Wijeratne
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging CenterOhio Agricultural Research and Development CenterThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesArkansas State UniversityJonesboroARUSA
| | - Eric J. Stockinger
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
| | - Kristin L. Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang Y, Zhang Z, Li R, Yi Y, Yang H, Wang C, Wang Z, Liu Y. RgC3H Involves in the Biosynthesis of Allelopathic Phenolic Acids and Alters Their Release Amount in Rehmannia glutinosa Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E567. [PMID: 32365552 PMCID: PMC7284580 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa production is affected by replanting disease, in which autotoxic harm to plants is mediated by endogenous phenolic acids as allelopathic compounds found in root exudates. These phenolic acids are mostly phenylpropanoid products of plants' secondary metabolisms. The molecular mechanism of their biosynthesis and release has not been explored in R. glutinosa. P-coumarate-3-hydroxylase (C3H) is the second hydroxylase gene involved in the phenolic acid/phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. C3Hs have been functionally characterized in several plants. However, limited information is available on the C3H gene in R. glutinosa. Here, we identified a putative RgC3H gene and predicted its potential function by in silico analysis and subcellular localization. Overexpression or repression of RgC3H in the transgenic R. glutinosa roots indicated that the gene was involved in allelopathic phenolic biosynthesis. Moreover, we found that these phenolic acid release amount of the transgenic R. glutinosa roots were altered, implying that RgC3H positively promotes their release via the molecular networks of the activated phenolic acid/phenylpropanoid pathways. This study revealed that RgC3H plays roles in the biosynthesis and release of allelopathic phenolic acids in R. glutinosa roots, laying a basis for further clarifying the molecular mechanism of the replanting disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Ruifang Li
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanjie Yi
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Heng Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chaojie Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zushiqi Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunyi Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brandon AG, Scheller HV. Engineering of Bioenergy Crops: Dominant Genetic Approaches to Improve Polysaccharide Properties and Composition in Biomass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:282. [PMID: 32218797 PMCID: PMC7078332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale, sustainable production of lignocellulosic bioenergy from biomass will depend on a variety of dedicated bioenergy crops. Despite their great genetic diversity, prospective bioenergy crops share many similarities in the polysaccharide composition of their cell walls, and the changes needed to optimize them for conversion are largely universal. Therefore, biomass modification strategies that do not depend on genetic background or require mutant varieties are extremely valuable. Due to their preferential fermentation and conversion by microorganisms downstream, the ideal bioenergy crop should contain a high proportion of C6-sugars in polysaccharides like cellulose, callose, galactan, and mixed-linkage glucans. In addition, the biomass should be reduced in inhibitors of fermentation like pentoses and acetate. Finally, the overall complexity of the plant cell wall should be modified to reduce its recalcitrance to enzymatic deconstruction in ways that do no compromise plant health or come at a yield penalty. This review will focus on progress in the use of a variety of genetically dominant strategies to reach these ideals. Due to the breadth and volume of research in the field of lignin bioengineering, this review will instead focus on approaches to improve polysaccharide component plant biomass. Carbohydrate content can be dramatically increased by transgenic overexpression of enzymes involved in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. Additionally, the recalcitrance of the cell wall can be reduced via the overexpression of native or non-native carbohydrate active enzymes like glycosyl hydrolases or carbohydrate esterases. Some research in this area has focused on engineering plants that accumulate cell wall-degrading enzymes that are sequestered to organelles or only active at very high temperatures. The rationale being that, in order to avoid potential negative effects of cell wall modification during plant growth, the enzymes could be activated post-harvest, and post-maturation of the cell wall. A potentially significant limitation of this approach is that at harvest, the cell wall is heavily lignified, making the substrates for these enzymes inaccessible and their activity ineffective. Therefore, this review will only include research employing enzymes that are at least partially active under the ambient conditions of plant growth and cell wall development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Brandon
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ferro AP, Flores Júnior R, Finger-Teixeira A, Parizotto AV, Bevilaqua JM, Oliveira DMD, Molinari HBC, Marchiosi R, dos Santos WD, Seixas FAV, Ferrarese-Filho O. Inhibition of Zea mays coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase by daidzin: A potential approach for the investigation of lignocellulose recalcitrance. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
Mnich E, Bjarnholt N, Eudes A, Harholt J, Holland C, Jørgensen B, Larsen FH, Liu M, Manat R, Meyer AS, Mikkelsen JD, Motawia MS, Muschiol J, Møller BL, Møller SR, Perzon A, Petersen BL, Ravn JL, Ulvskov P. Phenolic cross-links: building and de-constructing the plant cell wall. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:919-961. [PMID: 31971193 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: Up to 2019Phenolic cross-links and phenolic inter-unit linkages result from the oxidative coupling of two hydroxycinnamates or two molecules of tyrosine. Free dimers of hydroxycinnamates, lignans, play important roles in plant defence. Cross-linking of bound phenolics in the plant cell wall affects cell expansion, wall strength, digestibility, degradability, and pathogen resistance. Cross-links mediated by phenolic substituents are particularly important as they confer strength to the wall via the formation of new covalent bonds, and by excluding water from it. Four biopolymer classes are known to be involved in the formation of phenolic cross-links: lignins, extensins, glucuronoarabinoxylans, and side-chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I. Lignins and extensins are ubiquitous in streptophytes whereas aromatic substituents on xylan and pectic side-chains are commonly assumed to be particular features of Poales sensu lato and core Caryophyllales, respectively. Cross-linking of phenolic moieties proceeds via radical formation, is catalyzed by peroxidases and laccases, and involves monolignols, tyrosine in extensins, and ferulate esters on xylan and pectin. Ferulate substituents, on xylan in particular, are thought to be nucleation points for lignin polymerization and are, therefore, of paramount importance to wall architecture in grasses and for the development of technology for wall disassembly, e.g. for the use of grass biomass for production of 2nd generation biofuels. This review summarizes current knowledge on the intra- and extracellular acylation of polysaccharides, and inter- and intra-molecular cross-linking of different constituents. Enzyme mediated lignan in vitro synthesis for pharmaceutical uses are covered as are industrial exploitation of mutant and transgenic approaches to control cell wall cross-linking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Mnich
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ye C, He C, Zhang B, Wang L, Wang L. Inhibition of lignification of Zizania latifolia with radio frequency treatments during postharvest. BMC Chem 2020; 14:4. [PMID: 31989116 PMCID: PMC6969440 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zizania latifolia is easily lignified after harvesting, leading to the degradation of food quality and commercial value. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of radio frequency (RF) treatments on lignification inhibition of Zizania latifolia. The results showed that the lignin content of Zizania latifolia treated with RF decreased significantly compared with the control group. At the 7th day of storage, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity of the 90 W RF treatment group decreased by 52.9% compared with the initial value. The activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in the stems of Zizania latifolia were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after RF treatments. Besides, a decrease in conversion rate of O2− and H2O2 to downstream products was observed, indicating that the related invertases were inhibited by RF treatment. All of these showed that RF treatments contribute to inhibit or delay the lignification of Zizania latifolia, providing a better taste and quality for products. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Ye
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Chen He
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- 2College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Lixuan Wang
- 2College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Lufeng Wang
- 2College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China.,3Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cuello C, Baldy A, Brunaud V, Joets J, Delannoy E, Jacquemot MP, Botran L, Griveau Y, Guichard C, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Martin-Magniette ML, Leroy P, Méchin V, Reymond M, Coursol S. A systems biology approach uncovers a gene co-expression network associated with cell wall degradability in maize. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227011. [PMID: 31891625 PMCID: PMC6938352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms triggering variation of cell wall degradability is a prerequisite to improving the energy value of lignocellulosic biomass for animal feed or biorefinery. Here, we implemented a multiscale systems approach to shed light on the genetic basis of cell wall degradability in maize. We demonstrated that allele replacement in two pairs of near-isogenic lines at a region encompassing a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for cell wall degradability led to phenotypic variation of a similar magnitude and sign to that expected from a QTL analysis of cell wall degradability in the F271 × F288 recombinant inbred line progeny. Using DNA sequences within the QTL interval of both F271 and F288 inbred lines and Illumina RNA sequencing datasets from internodes of the selected near-isogenic lines, we annotated the genes present in the QTL interval and provided evidence that allelic variation at the introgressed QTL region gives rise to coordinated changes in gene expression. The identification of a gene co-expression network associated with cell wall-related trait variation revealed that the favorable F288 alleles exploit biological processes related to oxidation-reduction, regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolism, protein folding and hormone responses. Nested in modules of co-expressed genes, potential new cell-wall regulators were identified, including two transcription factors of the group VII ethylene response factor family, that could be exploited to fine-tune cell wall degradability. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms by which a major locus influences cell wall degradability, paving the way for its map-based cloning in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Cuello
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Aurélie Baldy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Johann Joets
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution—Le Moulon, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Jacquemot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Lucy Botran
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Yves Griveau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Cécile Guichard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Méchin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Matthieu Reymond
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Coursol
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
López-Malvar A, Butrón A, Samayoa LF, Figueroa-Garrido DJ, Malvar RA, Santiago R. Genome-wide association analysis for maize stem Cell Wall-bound Hydroxycinnamates. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:519. [PMID: 31775632 PMCID: PMC6882159 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structural reinforcement of cell walls by hydroxycinnamates has a significant role in defense against pests and pathogens, but it also interferes with forage digestibility and biofuel production. Elucidation of maize genetic variations that contribute to variation for stem hydroxycinnamate content could simplify breeding for cell wall strengthening by using markers linked to the most favorable genetic variants in marker-assisted selection or genomic selection approaches. RESULTS A genome-wide association study was conducted using a subset of 282 inbred lines from a maize diversity panel to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with stem cell wall hydroxycinnamate content. A total of 5, 8, and 2 SNPs were identified as significantly associated to p-coumarate, ferulate, and total diferulate concentrations, respectively in the maize pith. Attending to particular diferulate isomers, 3, 6, 1 and 2 SNPs were related to 8-O-4 diferulate, 5-5 diferulate, 8-5 diferulate and 8-5 linear diferulate contents, respectively. This study has the advantage of being done with direct biochemical determinations instead of using estimates based on Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) predictions. In addition, novel genomic regions involved in hydroxycinnamate content were found, such as those in bins 1.06 (for FA), 4.01 (for PCA and FA), 5.04 (for FA), 8.05 (for PCA), and 10.03 and 3.06 (for DFAT and some dimers). CONCLUSIONS The effect of individual SNPs significantly associated with stem hydroxycinnamate content was low, explaining a low percentage of total phenotypic variability (7 to 10%). Nevertheless, we spotlighted new genomic regions associated with the accumulation of cell-wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids in the maize stem, and genes involved in cell wall modulation in response to biotic and abiotic stresses have been proposed as candidate genes for those quantitative trait loci (QTL). In addition, we cannot rule out that uncharacterized genes linked to significant SNPs could be implicated in dimer formation and arobinoxylan feruloylation because genes involved in those processes have been poorly characterized. Overall, genomic selection considering markers distributed throughout the whole genome seems to be a more appropriate breeding strategy than marker-assisted selection focused in markers linked to QTL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A López-Malvar
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
| | - A Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pazo de Salcedo, Carballeira 8, 36143, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - L F Samayoa
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7620, USA
| | - D J Figueroa-Garrido
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - R A Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pazo de Salcedo, Carballeira 8, 36143, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - R Santiago
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ferreira SS, Simões MS, Carvalho GG, de Lima LGA, Svartman RMDA, Cesarino I. The lignin toolbox of the model grass Setaria viridis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:235-255. [PMID: 31254267 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The core set of biosynthetic genes potentially involved in developmental lignification was identified in the model C4 grass Setaria viridis. Lignin has been recognized as a major recalcitrant factor negatively affecting the processing of plant biomass into bioproducts. However, the efficient manipulation of lignin deposition in order to generate optimized crops for the biorefinery requires a fundamental knowledge of several aspects of lignin metabolism, including regulation, biosynthesis and polymerization. The current availability of an annotated genome for the model grass Setaria viridis allows the genome-wide characterization of genes involved in the metabolic pathway leading to the production of monolignols, the main building blocks of lignin. Here we performed a comprehensive study of monolignol biosynthetic genes as an initial step into the characterization of lignin metabolism in S. viridis. A total of 56 genes encoding bona fide enzymes catalyzing the consecutive ten steps of the monolignol biosynthetic pathway were identified in the S. viridis genome. A combination of comparative phylogenetic studies, high-throughput expression analysis and quantitative RT-PCR analysis was further employed to identify the family members potentially involved in developmental lignification. Accordingly, 14 genes clustered with genes from closely related species with a known function in lignification and showed an expression pattern that correlates with lignin deposition. These genes were considered the "core lignin toolbox" responsible for the constitutive, developmental lignification in S. viridis. These results provide the basis for further understanding lignin deposition in C4 grasses and will ultimately allow the validation of biotechnological strategies to produce crops with enhanced processing properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sávio Siqueira Ferreira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcella Siqueira Simões
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Garon Carvalho
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Leydson Gabriel Alves de Lima
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gao Z, Sun W, Wang J, Zhao C, Zuo K. GhbHLH18 negatively regulates fiber strength and length by enhancing lignin biosynthesis in cotton fibers. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 286:7-16. [PMID: 31300144 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fibers are developed epidermal cells of the seed coat and contain large amounts of cellulose and minor lignin-like components. Lignin in the cell walls of cotton fibers effectively provides mechanical strength and is also presumed to restrict fiber elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis. To analyze the effect of lignin and lignin-like phenolics on fiber quality and the transcriptional regulation of lignin synthesis in cotton fibers, we characterized the function of a bHLH transcription factor, GhbHLH18, during fiber elongation stage. GhbHLH18 knock-down plants have longer and stronger fibers, and accumulate less lignin-like phenolics in mature cotton fibers than control plants. By mining public transcriptomic data for developing fibers, we discovered that GhbHLH18 is coexpressed with most lignin synthesis pathway genes. Furthermore, we showed that GhbHLH18 strongly binds to the E-box in the promoter region of GhPER8 and activates its expression. Transient over expression of GhPER8 protein in tobacco leaves significantly decreased the content of coniferyl alcohol and sinapic alcohol-the substrate respectively for G-lignin and S-lignin biosynthesis. These results suggest that GhbHLH18 is negatively associated with fiber quality by activating peroxidase-mediated lignin metabolism, thus the paper represents an alternative strategy to improve fiber quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyin Gao
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaijing Zuo
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li M, Yoo CG, Pu Y, Biswal AK, Tolbert AK, Mohnen D, Ragauskas AJ. Downregulation of pectin biosynthesis gene GAUT4 leads to reduced ferulate and lignin-carbohydrate cross-linking in switchgrass. Commun Biol 2019; 2:22. [PMID: 30675520 PMCID: PMC6336719 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockdown (KD) expression of GAlactUronosylTransferase 4 (GAUT4) in switchgrass improves sugar yield and ethanol production from the biomass. The reduced recalcitrance of GAUT4-KD transgenic biomass is associated with reduced cell wall pectic homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan II content and cross-linking, and the associated increases in accessibility of cellulose to enzymatic deconstruction. To further probe the molecular basis for the reduced recalcitrance of GAUT4-KD biomass, potential recalcitrance-related factors including the physicochemical properties of lignin and hemicellulose are investigated. We show that the transgenic switchgrass have a lower abundance of ferulate and lignin-carbohydrate complex cross-linkages, reduced amounts of residual arabinan and xylan in lignin-enriched fractions after enzymatic hydrolysis, and greater coalescence and migration of lignin after hydrothermal pretreatment in comparison to the wild-type switchgrass control. The results reveal the roles of both decreased lignin-polymer and pectin cross-links in the reduction of recalcitrance in PvGAUT4-KD switchgrass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Present Address: Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210-2781 USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Ajaya K. Biswal
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Allison K. Tolbert
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, 2506 Jacob Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Spetter MJ, Ramiro FA, Della Rosa MM, Maglietti CS, Depetris JG, Santini FJ, Raimondi JP, Roig JM, Pavan E. Brown-midrib corn silage in finishing steer diet: effects on animal performance, in vivo digestibility and ruminal kinetics disappearance. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lower lignin content in brown-midrib corn silage (BMRCS) than in conventional corn silage results in greater digestibility and dry-matter intake. Despite this advantage, the use of BMRCS has not been widely evaluated in beef cattle. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of BMRCS chopped at 22-mm as the main component (79% DM basis) for finishing steer diet on digestion, animal performance and ruminal kinetics disappearance. In a first trial, 56 Angus and crossbred steers (339 ± 18 kg initial bodyweight) were divided into 14 pens that were randomly assigned to one of the following two treatments: BMR total mixed ration (BMRT) or conventional total mixed ration. Data were analysed under a completely randomised design using pen as the experimental unit (n = 7). In a second trial, BMRCS and conventional corn silage were incubated (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 72 and 120 h) in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated cows. Data were analysed under a completely randomised block (cow) design. The inclusion of BMRCS in 79% corn silage diet for finishing steers improved total diet neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibility, but did not improve DM digestibility. While there was no significant improvement in animal performance, carcass yield was improved in BMRT. Future studies are needed to evaluate the improvement of carcass weight in steers fed BMRT.
Collapse
|
29
|
da Costa RMF, Pattathil S, Avci U, Winters A, Hahn MG, Bosch M. Desirable plant cell wall traits for higher-quality miscanthus lignocellulosic biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:85. [PMID: 31011368 PMCID: PMC6463665 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass from dedicated energy crops such as Miscanthus spp. is an important tool to combat anthropogenic climate change. However, we still do not exactly understand the sources of cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction, which hinders the efficient biorefining of plant biomass into biofuels and bioproducts. RESULTS We combined detailed phenotyping, correlation studies and discriminant analyses, to identify key significantly distinct variables between miscanthus organs, genotypes and most importantly, between saccharification performances. Furthermore, for the first time in an energy crop, normalised total quantification of specific cell wall glycan epitopes is reported and correlated with saccharification. CONCLUSIONS In stems, lignin has the greatest impact on recalcitrance. However, in leaves, matrix glycans and their decorations have determinant effects, highlighting the importance of biomass fine structures, in addition to more commonly described cell wall compositional features. The results of our interrogation of the miscanthus cell wall promote the concept that desirable cell wall traits for increased biomass quality are highly dependent on the target biorefining products. Thus, for the development of biorefining ideotypes, instead of a generalist miscanthus variety, more realistic and valuable approaches may come from defining a collection of specialised cultivars, adapted to specific conditions and purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. F. da Costa
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE UK
- Present Address: Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602-4712 USA
- Present Address: Mascoma LLC (Lallemand, Inc.), 67 Etna Road, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
| | - Utku Avci
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602-4712 USA
- Present Address: Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE UK
| | - Michael G. Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602-4712 USA
- DOE-BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Neeragunda Shivaraj Y, Barbara P, Gugi B, Vicré-Gibouin M, Driouich A, Ramasandra Govind S, Devaraja A, Kambalagere Y. Perspectives on Structural, Physiological, Cellular, and Molecular Responses to Desiccation in Resurrection Plants. SCIENTIFICA 2018; 2018:9464592. [PMID: 30046509 PMCID: PMC6036803 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9464592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Resurrection plants possess a unique ability to counteract desiccation stress. Desiccation tolerance (DT) is a very complex multigenic and multifactorial process comprising a combination of physiological, morphological, cellular, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic processes. Modification in the sugar composition of the hemicellulosic fraction of the cell wall is detected during dehydration. An important change is a decrease of glucose in the hemicellulosic fraction during dehydration that can reflect a modification of the xyloglucan structure. The expansins might also be involved in cell wall flexibility during drying and disrupt hydrogen bonds between polymers during rehydration of the cell wall. Cleavages by xyloglucan-modifying enzymes release the tightly bound xyloglucan-cellulose network, thus increasing cell wall flexibility required for cell wall folding upon desiccation. Changes in hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) such as arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are also observed during desiccation and rehydration processes. It has also been observed that significant alterations in the process of photosynthesis and photosystem (PS) II activity along with changes in the antioxidant enzyme system also increased the cell wall and membrane fluidity resulting in DT. Similarly, recent data show a major role of ABA, LEA proteins, and small regulatory RNA in regulating DT responses. Current progress in "-omic" technologies has enabled quantitative monitoring of the plethora of biological molecules in a high throughput routine, making it possible to compare their levels between desiccation-sensitive and DT species. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of structural, physiological, cellular, molecular, and global responses involved in desiccation tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yathisha Neeragunda Shivaraj
- Centre for Bioinformation, Department of Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru 57210, India
| | - Plancot Barbara
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Univ, UniRouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “Normandie-Végétal”-FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Gugi
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Univ, UniRouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “Normandie-Végétal”-FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré-Gibouin
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Univ, UniRouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “Normandie-Végétal”-FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Univ, UniRouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “Normandie-Végétal”-FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sharatchandra Ramasandra Govind
- Centre for Bioinformation, Department of Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru 57210, India
| | - Akash Devaraja
- Centre for Bioinformation, Department of Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru 57210, India
| | - Yogendra Kambalagere
- Department of Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga 577451, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
El Hage F, Legland D, Borrega N, Jacquemot MP, Griveau Y, Coursol S, Méchin V, Reymond M. Tissue Lignification, Cell Wall p-Coumaroylation and Degradability of Maize Stems Depend on Water Status. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4800-4808. [PMID: 29690760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Water supply and valorization are two urgent issues in the utilization of maize biomass in the context of climate change and replacement of fossil resources. Maximizing maize biomass valorization is of interest to make biofuel conversion competitive, and to increase forage energetic value for animal fodder. One way to estimate biomass valorization is to quantify cell wall degradability. In this study, we evaluated the impact of water supply on cell wall degradability, cell wall contents and structure, and distribution of lignified cell types in maize internodes using dedicated high-throughput tools to effectively phenotype maize internodes from 11 inbred lines under two contrasting irrigation scenarios in field trials over three years. Overall, our results clearly showed that water deficit induced significant changes in lignin content and distribution along with a reduction in lignin p-coumaroylation, thereby impacting cell wall degradability. Additionally, we also observed that responses to a water deficit varied between the lines examined, underscoring biochemical and histological target traits for plant breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F El Hage
- UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay , 78026 Versailles Cedex , France
- École Doctorale 567 Sciences du Vegetal , University Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay , bat 360 , Orsay Cedex 91405 , France
| | - D Legland
- UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, INRA , 44 316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - N Borrega
- UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay , 78026 Versailles Cedex , France
| | - M-P Jacquemot
- UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay , 78026 Versailles Cedex , France
| | - Y Griveau
- UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay , 78026 Versailles Cedex , France
| | - S Coursol
- UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay , 78026 Versailles Cedex , France
| | - V Méchin
- UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay , 78026 Versailles Cedex , France
| | - M Reymond
- UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay , 78026 Versailles Cedex , France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Santiago R, López-Malvar A, Souto C, Barros-Ríos J. Methods for Determining Cell Wall-Bound Phenolics in Maize Stem Tissues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1279-1284. [PMID: 29336154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We compared two methods with different sample pretreatment, hydrolysis, and separation procedures to extract cell wall-bound phenolics. The samples were pith and rind tissues from six maize inbred lines reportedly containing different levels of cell wall-bound phenolics. In method 1, pretreated samples were extracted with a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge, and it took 6 days to complete. In method 2, phenolics were extracted from crude samples with ethyl acetate, it took 2 days to complete, and the cost per sample was reduced more than 60%. Both methods extracted more 4-coumarate than ferulate. Overall, method 1 yielded more 4-coumarate, while method 2 yielded more ferulate. The lack of a genotype × method interaction and significant correlations between the results obtained using the two methods indicate that both methods are reliable for use in large-scale plant breeding programs. Method 2, scaled, is proposed for general plant biology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Santiago
- Departamento Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Unidad Asociada BVE1-UVIGO y Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Universidad de Vigo , Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana López-Malvar
- Departamento Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Unidad Asociada BVE1-UVIGO y Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Universidad de Vigo , Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Souto
- Departmento Ingeniería Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente, E.E. Forestales , Pontevedra 36005, Spain
| | - Jaime Barros-Ríos
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas , Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rao X, Shen H, Pattathil S, Hahn MG, Gelineo-Albersheim I, Mohnen D, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ, Chen X, Chen F, Dixon RA. Dynamic changes in transcriptome and cell wall composition underlying brassinosteroid-mediated lignification of switchgrass suspension cells. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:266. [PMID: 29213317 PMCID: PMC5707915 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cell walls contribute the majority of plant biomass that can be used to produce transportation fuels. However, the complexity and variability in composition and structure of cell walls, particularly the presence of lignin, negatively impacts their deconstruction for bioenergy. Metabolic and genetic changes associated with secondary wall development in the biofuel crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) have yet to be reported. RESULTS Our previous studies have established a cell suspension system for switchgrass, in which cell wall lignification can be induced by application of brassinolide (BL). We have now collected cell wall composition and microarray-based transcriptome profiles for BL-induced and non-induced suspension cultures to provide an overview of the dynamic changes in transcriptional reprogramming during BL-induced cell wall modification. From this analysis, we have identified changes in candidate genes involved in cell wall precursor synthesis, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin formation and ester-linkage generation. We have also identified a large number of transcription factors with expression correlated with lignin biosynthesis genes, among which are candidates for control of syringyl (S) lignin accumulation. CONCLUSION Together, this work provides an overview of the dynamic compositional changes during brassinosteroid-induced cell wall remodeling, and identifies candidate genes for future plant genetic engineering to overcome cell wall recalcitrance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Rao
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Hui Shen
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX USA
- Present Address: Marker-assisted Breeding and Traits, Chromatin Inc, Lubbock, TX 79404 USA
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- Present Address: Mascoma LLC (Lallemand Company), 67 Etna Road, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
| | - Michael G. Hahn
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Ivana Gelineo-Albersheim
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Xin Chen
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Present Address: Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Fang Chen
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Richard A. Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zeng Y, Himmel ME, Ding SY. Visualizing chemical functionality in plant cell walls. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:263. [PMID: 29213316 PMCID: PMC5708085 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding plant cell wall cross-linking chemistry and polymeric architecture is key to the efficient utilization of biomass in all prospects from rational genetic modification to downstream chemical and biological conversion to produce fuels and value chemicals. In fact, the bulk properties of cell wall recalcitrance are collectively determined by its chemical features over a wide range of length scales from tissue, cellular to polymeric architectures. Microscopic visualization of cell walls from the nanometer to the micrometer scale offers an in situ approach to study their chemical functionality considering its spatial and chemical complexity, particularly the capabilities of characterizing biomass non-destructively and in real-time during conversion processes. Microscopic characterization has revealed heterogeneity in the distribution of chemical features, which would otherwise be hidden in bulk analysis. Key microscopic features include cell wall type, wall layering, and wall composition-especially cellulose and lignin distributions. Microscopic tools, such as atomic force microscopy, stimulated Raman scattering microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, have been applied to investigations of cell wall structure and chemistry from the native wall to wall treated by thermal chemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. While advancing our current understanding of plant cell wall recalcitrance and deconstruction, microscopic tools with improved spatial resolution will steadily enhance our fundamental understanding of cell wall function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zeng
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008 MS6341, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008 MS6341, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Shi-You Ding
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Raffrenato E, Fievisohn R, Cotanch KW, Grant RJ, Chase LE, Van Amburgh ME. Effect of lignin linkages with other plant cell wall components on in vitro and in vivo neutral detergent fiber digestibility and rate of digestion of grass forages. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8119-8131. [PMID: 28780096 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to correlate in vitro and in vivo neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (NDFD) with the chemical composition of forages and specific chemical linkages, primarily ester- and ether-linked para-coumaric (pCA) and ferulic acids (FA) in forages fed to dairy cattle. The content of acid detergent lignin (ADL) and its relationship with NDF does not fully explain the observed variability in NDFD. The ferulic and p-coumaric acid linkages between ADL and cell wall polysaccharides, rather than the amount of ADL, might be a better predictor of NDFD. Twenty-three forages, including conventional and brown midrib corn silages and grasses at various stages of maturity were incubated in vitro for measurement of 24-h and 96-h NDFD. Undigested and digested residues were analyzed for NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), ADL, and Klason lignin (KL); ester- and ether-linked pCA and FA were determined in these fractions. To determine whether in vitro observations of ester- and ether-linked pCA and FA and digestibility were similar to in vivo observations, 3 corn silages selected for digestibility were fed to 6 ruminally fistulated cows for 3 wk in 3 iso-NDF diets. Intact samples and NDF and ADF residues of diet, rumen, and feces were analyzed for ester- and ether-linked pCA and FA. From the in vitro study, the phenolic acid content (total pCA and FA) was highest for corn silages, and overall the content of ester- and ether-linked pCA and FA in both NDF and ADF residues were correlated with NDF digestibility parameters, reflecting the competitive effect of these linkages on digestibility. Also, Klason lignin and ADL were negatively correlated with ether-linked ferulic acid on an NDF basis. Overall, esterified FA and esterified pCA were negatively correlated with all of the measured fiber fractions on both a dry matter and an NDF basis. The lignin content of the plant residues and chemical linkages explained most of the variation in both rate and extent of NDF digestion but not uniformly among forages, ranging from 56 to 99%. The results from the in vivo study were similar to the in vitro data, demonstrating the highest total-tract aNDF digestibility (70%; NDF analysis conducted with α-amylase and sodium sulfite) for cows fed the corn silage with the lowest ester- and ether-linked pCA content in the NDF fraction. In this study, digestibility of forage fiber was influenced by the linkages among lignin and the carbohydrate moieties, which vary by hybrid and species and most likely vary by the agronomic conditions under which the plant was grown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Raffrenato
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa 7600
| | - R Fievisohn
- William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, NY 12921
| | - K W Cotanch
- William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, NY 12921
| | - R J Grant
- William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, NY 12921
| | - L E Chase
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M E Van Amburgh
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
van der Weijde T, Kamei CLA, Severing EI, Torres AF, Gomez LD, Dolstra O, Maliepaard CA, McQueen-Mason SJ, Visser RGF, Trindade LM. Genetic complexity of miscanthus cell wall composition and biomass quality for biofuels. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:406. [PMID: 28545405 PMCID: PMC5445440 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miscanthus sinensis is a high yielding perennial grass species with great potential as a bioenergy feedstock. One of the challenges that currently impedes commercial cellulosic biofuel production is the technical difficulty to efficiently convert lignocellulosic biomass into biofuel. The development of feedstocks with better biomass quality will improve conversion efficiency and the sustainability of the value-chain. Progress in the genetic improvement of biomass quality may be substantially expedited by the development of genetic markers associated to quality traits, which can be used in a marker-assisted selection program. RESULTS To this end, a mapping population was developed by crossing two parents of contrasting cell wall composition. The performance of 182 F1 offspring individuals along with the parents was evaluated in a field trial with a randomized block design with three replicates. Plants were phenotyped for cell wall composition and conversion efficiency characters in the second and third growth season after establishment. A new SNP-based genetic map for M. sinensis was built using a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach, which resulted in 464 short-sequence uniparental markers that formed 16 linkage groups in the male map and 17 linkage groups in the female map. A total of 86 QTLs for a variety of biomass quality characteristics were identified, 20 of which were detected in both growth seasons. Twenty QTLs were directly associated to different conversion efficiency characters. Marker sequences were aligned to the sorghum reference genome to facilitate cross-species comparisons. Analyses revealed that for some traits previously identified QTLs in sorghum occurred in homologous regions on the same chromosome. CONCLUSION In this work we report for the first time the genetic mapping of cell wall composition and bioconversion traits in the bioenergy crop miscanthus. These results are a first step towards the development of marker-assisted selection programs in miscanthus to improve biomass quality and facilitate its use as feedstock for biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim van der Weijde
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Present address: Research, Barenbrug Holland B.V, Duitsekampweg 60, 6748 ZB, Wolfheze, Netherlands
| | - Claire L Alvim Kamei
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Edouard I Severing
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andres F Torres
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leonardo D Gomez
- Center for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, YO10 5 DD, York, UK
| | - Oene Dolstra
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Chris A Maliepaard
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Richard G F Visser
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kabel MA, Jurak E, Mäkelä MR, de Vries RP. Occurrence and function of enzymes for lignocellulose degradation in commercial Agaricus bisporus cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4363-4369. [PMID: 28466110 PMCID: PMC5442256 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus is economically the most important commercially produced edible fungus. It is grown on carbon- and nitrogen-rich substrates, such as composted cereal straw and animal manure. The commercial mushroom production process is usually performed in buildings or tunnels under highly controlled environmental conditions. In nature, the basidiomycete A. bisporus has a significant impact on the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems as a saprotrophic decayer of leaf litter. In this mini-review, the fate of the compost plant cell wall structures, xylan, cellulose and lignin, is discussed. A comparison is made from the structural changes observed to the occurrence and function of enzymes for lignocellulose degradation present, with a special focus on the extracellular enzymes produced by A. bisporus. In addition, recent advancements in whole genome level molecular studies in various growth stages of A. bisporus in compost are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam A Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edita Jurak
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Barron C, Holopainen-Mantila U, Sahlstrom S, Hotekjolen AK, Lullien-Pellerin V. Assessment of biochemical markers identified in wheat for monitoring barley grain tissue. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
39
|
Santiago R, Cao A, Butrón A, López-Malvar A, Rodríguez VM, Sandoya GV, Malvar RA. Defensive changes in maize leaves induced by feeding of Mediterranean corn borer larvae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:44. [PMID: 28202014 PMCID: PMC5312564 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants can respond to insect attack via defense mechanisms that reduce insect performance. In this study, we examined the effects of several treatments applied to two maize genotypes (one resistant, one susceptible) on the subsequent growth and survival of Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Mediterranean corn borer, MCB) larvae. The treatments were infestation with MCB larvae, application of MCB regurgitant upon wounding, wounding alone, or exposure to methyl jasmonate, and they were applied at the V6-V8 stage of maize development. We also monitored changes in the concentrations of compounds known to be involved in constitutive resistance, such as cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamates and benzoxazinoids. RESULTS In both maize genotypes, the leaves of plants pre-infested with MCB larvae were less suitable for larval development than those from untreated plants. Application of MCB regurgitant upon wounding, and wounding itself, resulted in leaf tissues becoming less suitable for larval growth than those of pre-infested plants, suggesting that there could be herbivore-associated effector molecules that suppress some wounding responses. A single application of MCB regurgitant did not seem to mimic feeding by MCB larvae, although the results suggested that regurgitant deposited during feeding may have enhanced ferulates and diferulates synthesis in infested vs. control plants. Jasmonic acid may play a role in mediating the maize response to MCB attack, but it did not trigger hydroxycinnamate accumulation in the leaves to a level comparable to that induced by larval leaf feeding. The EP39 maize genotype showed an increase in leaf cell wall strength by increasing hemicellulose cross-linking in response to MCB attack, while induced defenses in the EP42 plants appeared to reflect a broader array of resistance mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that leaf feeding by MCB larvae can increase leaf antibiosis against MCB in two maize genotypes with contrasting levels of resistance against this borer. Also, the larval regurgitant played a positive role in eliciting a defense response. We determined the effects of the plant response on larval growth, and detected defense compounds related to borer resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Santiago
- Universidad de Vigo, Agrobiología Ambiental Calidad de Suelos & Plantas UVIGO, Unidad Asociada MBG CSIC, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
- Dept. Biología Vegetal & Ciencias Suelo, Facultad de Biología, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
| | - Ana Cao
- Universidad de Vigo, Agrobiología Ambiental Calidad de Suelos & Plantas UVIGO, Unidad Asociada MBG CSIC, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Misión Biológica de Galicia CSIC, Apartado 28, Pontevedra, 36080, Spain
- Dept. Biología Vegetal & Ciencias Suelo, Facultad de Biología, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Ana Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia CSIC, Apartado 28, Pontevedra, 36080, Spain
| | - Ana López-Malvar
- Universidad de Vigo, Agrobiología Ambiental Calidad de Suelos & Plantas UVIGO, Unidad Asociada MBG CSIC, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Dept. Biología Vegetal & Ciencias Suelo, Facultad de Biología, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | | | - Germán V Sandoya
- The Genome Center and Department Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis - USDA-ARS. 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Rosa A Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia CSIC, Apartado 28, Pontevedra, 36080, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Crowe JD, Feringa N, Pattathil S, Merritt B, Foster C, Dines D, Ong RG, Hodge DB. Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:184. [PMID: 28725264 PMCID: PMC5512841 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity within herbaceous biomass can present important challenges for processing feedstocks to cellulosic biofuels. Alterations to cell wall composition and organization during plant growth represent major contributions to heterogeneity within a single species or cultivar. To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. Notably, lignin content increased with tissue maturity concurrently with decreasing ferulate content across all three anatomical fractions. Stem internodes exhibited the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content. Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Crowe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Nicholas Feringa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Brian Merritt
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Cliff Foster
- DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Dayna Dines
- DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Rebecca G. Ong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - David B. Hodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Smith PJ, Wang HT, York WS, Peña MJ, Urbanowicz BR. Designer biomass for next-generation biorefineries: leveraging recent insights into xylan structure and biosynthesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:286. [PMID: 29213325 PMCID: PMC5708106 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Xylans are the most abundant noncellulosic polysaccharides in lignified secondary cell walls of woody dicots and in both primary and secondary cell walls of grasses. These polysaccharides, which comprise 20-35% of terrestrial biomass, present major challenges for the efficient microbial bioconversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to fuels and other value-added products. Xylans play a significant role in the recalcitrance of biomass to degradation, and their bioconversion requires metabolic pathways that are distinct from those used to metabolize cellulose. In this review, we discuss the key differences in the structural features of xylans across diverse plant species, how these features affect their interactions with cellulose and lignin, and recent developments in understanding their biosynthesis. In particular, we focus on how the combined structural and biosynthetic knowledge can be used as a basis for biomass engineering aimed at developing crops that are better suited as feedstocks for the bioconversion industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Smith
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Lab Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Hsin-Tzu Wang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Lab Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - William S. York
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Lab Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Maria J. Peña
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Lab Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Breeanna R. Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Lab Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lin F, Manisseri C, Fagerström A, Peck ML, Vega-Sánchez ME, Williams B, Chiniquy DM, Saha P, Pattathil S, Conlin B, Zhu L, Hahn MG, Willats WGT, Scheller HV, Ronald PC, Bartley LE. Cell Wall Composition and Candidate Biosynthesis Gene Expression During Rice Development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2058-2075. [PMID: 27481893 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls of grasses, including cereal crops and biofuel grasses, comprise the majority of plant biomass and intimately influence plant growth, development and physiology. However, the functions of many cell wall synthesis genes, and the relationships among and the functions of cell wall components remain obscure. To better understand the patterns of cell wall accumulation and identify genes that act in grass cell wall biosynthesis, we characterized 30 samples from aerial organs of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kitaake) at 10 developmental time points, 3-100 d post-germination. Within these samples, we measured 15 cell wall chemical components, enzymatic digestibility and 18 cell wall polysaccharide epitopes/ligands. We also used quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to measure expression of 50 glycosyltransferases, 15 acyltransferases and eight phenylpropanoid genes, many of which had previously been identified as being highly expressed in rice. Most cell wall components vary significantly during development, and correlations among them support current understanding of cell walls. We identified 92 significant correlations between cell wall components and gene expression and establish nine strong hypotheses for genes that synthesize xylans, mixed linkage glucan and pectin components. This work provides an extensive analysis of cell wall composition throughout rice development, identifies genes likely to synthesize grass cell walls, and provides a framework for development of genetically improved grasses for use in lignocellulosic biofuel production and agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Chithra Manisseri
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexandra Fagerström
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Matthew L Peck
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Miguel E Vega-Sánchez
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Monsanto Company, Chesterfield Village Campus, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Brian Williams
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dawn M Chiniquy
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Prasenjit Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Bioenergy Science Center, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Brian Conlin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lan Zhu
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Bioenergy Science Center, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - William G T Willats
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Laura E Bartley
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Y, Fan C, Hu H, Li Y, Sun D, Wang Y, Peng L. Genetic modification of plant cell walls to enhance biomass yield and biofuel production in bioenergy crops. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:997-1017. [PMID: 27269671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls represent an enormous biomass resource for the generation of biofuels and chemicals. As lignocellulose property principally determines biomass recalcitrance, the genetic modification of plant cell walls has been posed as a powerful solution. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the effects of distinct cell wall polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, pectin, wall proteins) on the enzymatic digestibility of biomass under various physical and chemical pretreatments in herbaceous grasses, major agronomic crops and fast-growing trees. We also compare the main factors of wall polymer features, including cellulose crystallinity (CrI), hemicellulosic Xyl/Ara ratio, monolignol proportion and uronic acid level. Furthermore, the review presents the main gene candidates, such as CesA, GH9, GH10, GT61, GT43 etc., for potential genetic cell wall modification towards enhancing both biomass yield and enzymatic saccharification in genetic mutants and transgenic plants. Regarding cell wall modification, it proposes a novel groove-like cell wall model that highlights to increase amorphous regions (density and depth) of the native cellulose microfibrils, providing a general strategy for bioenergy crop breeding and biofuel processing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunfen Fan
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huizhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Torres AF, Slegers PM, Noordam-Boot CMM, Dolstra O, Vlaswinkel L, van Boxtel AJB, Visser RGF, Trindade LM. Maize feedstocks with improved digestibility reduce the costs and environmental impacts of biomass pretreatment and saccharification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:63. [PMID: 26981155 PMCID: PMC4791978 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recognition that feedstock composition influences biomass conversion efficiency, limited information exists as to how bioenergy crops with reduced recalcitrance can improve the economics and sustainability of cellulosic fuel conversion platforms. We have compared the bioenergy potential-estimated as total glucose productivity per hectare (TGP)-of maize cultivars contrasting for cell wall digestibility across processing conditions of increasing thermochemical severity. In addition, exploratory environmental impact and economic modeling were used to assess whether the development of bioenergy feedstocks with improved cell wall digestibility can enhance the environmental performance and reduce the costs of biomass pretreatment and enzymatic conversion. RESULTS Systematic genetic gains in cell wall degradability can lead to significant advances in the productivity (TGP) of cellulosic fuel biorefineries under low severity processing; only if gains in digestibility are not accompanied by substantial yield penalties. For a hypothetical maize genotype combining the best characteristics available in the evaluated cultivar panel, TGP under mild processing conditions (~3.7 t ha(-1)) matched the highest realizable yields possible at the highest processing severity. Under this scenario, both, the environmental impacts and processing costs for the pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of maize stover were reduced by 15 %, given lower chemical and heat consumption. CONCLUSIONS Genetic improvements in cell wall composition leading to superior cell wall digestibility can be advantageous for cellulosic fuel production, especially if "less severe" processing regimes are favored for further development. Exploratory results indicate potential cost and environmental impact reductions for the pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of maize feedstocks exhibiting higher cell wall degradability. Conceptually, these results demonstrate that the advance of bioenergy cultivars with improved biomass degradability can enhance the performance of currently available biomass-to-ethanol conversion systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres F. Torres
- />Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />Plant Biotechnology Laboratory (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Cumbayá, Ecuador
| | - Petronella M. Slegers
- />Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Oene Dolstra
- />Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anton J. B. van Boxtel
- />Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- />Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- />Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Santiago R, Malvar RA, Barros-Rios J, Samayoa LF, Butrón A. Hydroxycinnamate Synthesis and Association with Mediterranean Corn Borer Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:539-51. [PMID: 26690311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous results suggest a relationship between maize hydroxycinnamate concentration in the pith tissues and resistance to stem tunneling by Mediterranean corn borer (MCB, Sesamia nonagrioides Lef.) larvae. This study performs a more precise experiment, mapping an F2 derived from the cross between two inbreds with contrasting levels for hydroxycinnamates EP125 × PB130. We aimed to co-localize genomic regions involved in hydroxycinnamate synthesis and resistance to MCB and to highlight the particular route for each hydroxycinnamate component in relation to the better known phenylpropanoid pathway. Seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for p-coumarate, two QTLs for ferulate, and seven QTLs for total diferulates explained 81.7, 26.9, and 57.8% of the genotypic variance, respectively. In relation to borer resistance, alleles for increased hydroxycinnamate content (affecting one or more hydroxycinnamate compounds) could be associated with favorable effects on stem resistance to MCB, particularly the putative role of p-coumarate in borer resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Santiago
- Agrobiologı́a Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC); Departamento Biologı́a Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Facultad de Biologı́a, Universidad de Vigo , Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Rosa Ana Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC) , Apartado 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Jaime Barros-Rios
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | | | - Ana Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC) , Apartado 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jeffrey B, Kuzhiyil N, de Leon N, Lübberstedt T. Genetic and Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis for Bio-Oil Compounds after Fast Pyrolysis in Maize Cobs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145845. [PMID: 26745365 PMCID: PMC4712847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast pyrolysis has been identified as one of the biorenewable conversion platforms that could be a part of an alternative energy future, but it has not yet received the same attention as cellulosic ethanol in the analysis of genetic inheritance within potential feedstocks such as maize. Ten bio-oil compounds were measured via pyrolysis/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py/GC-MS) in maize cobs. 184 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the intermated B73 x Mo17 (IBM) Syn4 population were analyzed in two environments, using 1339 markers, for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. QTL mapping was performed using composite interval mapping with significance thresholds established by 1000 permutations at α = 0.05. 50 QTL were found in total across those ten traits with R2 values ranging from 1.7 to 5.8%, indicating a complex quantitative inheritance of these traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Jeffrey
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Najeeb Kuzhiyil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Natalia de Leon
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Thomas Lübberstedt
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Amore A, Ciesielski PN, Lin CY, Salvachúa D, Sànchez i Nogué V. Development of Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Technologies: Recent Advances and Current Challenges. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments of the biorefinery concept are described within this review, which focuses on the efforts required to make the lignocellulosic biorefinery a sustainable and economically viable reality. Despite the major research and development endeavours directed towards this goal over the past several decades, the integrated production of biofuel and other bio-based products still needs to be optimized from both technical and economical perspectives. This review will highlight recent progress towards the optimization of the major biorefinery processes, including biomass pretreatment and fractionation, saccharification of sugars, and conversion of sugars and lignin into fuels and chemical precursors. In addition, advances in genetic modification of biomass structure and composition for the purpose of enhancing the efficacy of conversion processes, which is emerging as a powerful tool for tailoring biomass fated for the biorefinery, will be overviewed. The continual improvement of these processes and their integration in the format of a modern biorefinery is paving the way for a sustainable bio-economy which will displace large portions of petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals with renewable substitutes.
Collapse
|
48
|
Barrière Y, Courtial A, Chateigner-Boutin AL, Denoue D, Grima-Pettenati J. Breeding maize for silage and biofuel production, an illustration of a step forward with the genome sequence. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 242:310-329. [PMID: 26566848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the gene families mostly impacting cell wall digestibility variations would significantly increase the efficiency of marker-assisted selection when breeding maize and grass varieties with improved silage feeding value and/or with better straw fermentability into alcohol or methane. The maize genome sequence of the B73 inbred line was released at the end of 2009, opening up new avenues to identify the genetic determinants of quantitative traits. Colocalizations between a large set of candidate genes putatively involved in secondary cell wall assembly and QTLs for cell wall digestibility (IVNDFD) were then investigated, considering physical positions of both genes and QTLs. Based on available data from six RIL progenies, 59 QTLs corresponding to 38 non-overlapping positions were matched up with a list of 442 genes distributed all over the genome. Altogether, 176 genes colocalized with IVNDFD QTLs and most often, several candidate genes colocalized at each QTL position. Frequent QTL colocalizations were found firstly with genes encoding ZmMYB and ZmNAC transcription factors, and secondly with genes encoding zinc finger, bHLH, and xylogen regulation factors. In contrast, close colocalizations were less frequent with genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and found only with the C4H2, CCoAOMT5, and CCR1 genes. Close colocalizations were also infrequent with genes involved in cell wall feruloylation and cross-linkages. Altogether, investigated colocalizations between candidate genes and cell wall digestibility QTLs suggested a prevalent role of regulation factors over constitutive cell wall genes on digestibility variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Barrière
- INRA, UR889, Unité de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes Fourragères, 86600 Lusignan, France.
| | - Audrey Courtial
- LRSV, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III / CNRS, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; INRA, US1258, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Dominique Denoue
- INRA, UR889, Unité de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes Fourragères, 86600 Lusignan, France
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- LRSV, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III / CNRS, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ho-Yue-Kuang S, Alvarado C, Antelme S, Bouchet B, Cézard L, Le Bris P, Legée F, Maia-Grondard A, Yoshinaga A, Saulnier L, Guillon F, Sibout R, Lapierre C, Chateigner-Boutin AL. Mutation in Brachypodium caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 6 alters stem and grain lignins and improves straw saccharification without deteriorating grain quality. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:227-37. [PMID: 26433202 PMCID: PMC4682429 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crop by-products are a promising source of renewable raw material for the production of biofuel from lignocellulose. However, their enzymatic conversion to fermentable sugars is detrimentally affected by lignins. Here the characterization of the Brachypodium Bd5139 mutant provided with a single nucleotide mutation in the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase BdCOMT6 gene is reported. This BdCOMT6-deficient mutant displayed a moderately altered lignification in mature stems. The lignin-related BdCOMT6 gene was also found to be expressed in grains, and the alterations of Bd5139 grain lignins were found to mirror nicely those evidenced in stem lignins. The Bd5139 grains displayed similar size and composition to the control. Complementation experiments carried out by introducing the mutated gene into the AtCOMT1-deficient Arabidopsis mutant demonstrated that the mutated BdCOMT6 protein was still functional. Such a moderate down-regulation of lignin-related COMT enzyme reduced the straw recalcitrance to saccharification, without compromising the vegetative or reproductive development of the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Ho-Yue-Kuang
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Camille Alvarado
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Brigitte Bouchet
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Cézard
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Frédéric Legée
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | | | - Arata Yoshinaga
- Laboratory of Tree Cell Biology, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Luc Saulnier
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Guillon
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bhalla A, Bansal N, Stoklosa RJ, Fountain M, Ralph J, Hodge DB, Hegg EL. Effective alkaline metal-catalyzed oxidative delignification of hybrid poplar. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:34. [PMID: 26862348 PMCID: PMC4746924 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies to improve copper-catalyzed alkaline hydrogen peroxide (Cu-AHP) pretreatment of hybrid poplar were investigated. These improvements included a combination of increasing hydrolysis yields, while simultaneously decreasing process inputs through (i) more efficient utilization of H2O2 and (ii) the addition of an alkaline extraction step prior to the metal-catalyzed AHP pretreatment. We hypothesized that utilizing this improved process could substantially lower the chemical inputs needed during pretreatment. RESULTS Hybrid poplar was pretreated utilizing a modified process in which an alkaline extraction step was incorporated prior to the Cu-AHP treatment step and H2O2 was added batch-wise over the course of 10 h. Our results revealed that the alkaline pre-extraction step improved both lignin and xylan solubilization, which ultimately led to improved glucose (86 %) and xylose (95 %) yields following enzymatic hydrolysis. An increase in the lignin solubilization was also observed with fed-batch H2O2 addition relative to batch-only addition, which again resulted in increased glucose and xylose yields (77 and 93 % versus 63 and 74 %, respectively). Importantly, combining these strategies led to significantly improved sugar yields (96 % glucose and 94 % xylose) following enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, we found that we could substantially lower the chemical inputs (enzyme, H2O2, and catalyst), while still maintaining high product yields utilizing the improved Cu-AHP process. This pretreatment also provided a relatively pure lignin stream consisting of ≥90 % Klason lignin and only 3 % xylan and 2 % ash following precipitation. Two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (2D HSQC) NMR and size-exclusion chromatography demonstrated that the solubilized lignin was high molecular weight (Mw ≈ 22,000 Da) and only slightly oxidized relative to lignin from untreated poplar. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the fed-batch, two-stage Cu-AHP pretreatment process was effective in pretreating hybrid poplar for its conversion into fermentable sugars. Results showed sugar yields near the theoretical maximum were achieved from enzymatically hydrolyzed hybrid poplar by incorporating an alkaline extraction step prior to pretreatment and by efficiently utilizing H2O2 during the Cu-AHP process. Significantly, this study reports high sugar yields from woody biomass treated with an AHP pretreatment under mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhalla
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Namita Bansal
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Ryan J. Stoklosa
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- />Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Mackenzie Fountain
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - John Ralph
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - David B. Hodge
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- />Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- />Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Eric L. Hegg
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| |
Collapse
|