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Simonsen D, Cady N, Zhang C, Shrode RL, McCormick ML, Spitz DR, Chimenti MS, Wang K, Mangalam A, Lehmler HJ. The Effects of Benoxacor on the Liver and Gut Microbiome of C57BL/6 Mice. Toxicol Sci 2022; 186:102-117. [PMID: 34850242 PMCID: PMC9019840 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of many "inert" ingredients of pesticide formulations, such as safeners, is poorly characterized, despite evidence that humans may be exposed to these chemicals. Analysis of ToxCast data for dichloroacetamide safeners with the ToxPi tool identified benoxacor as the safener with the highest potential for toxicity, especially liver toxicity. Benoxacor was subsequently administered to mice via oral gavage for 3 days at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg bodyweight (b.w.). Bodyweight-adjusted liver and testes weights were significantly increased in the 50 mg/kg b.w. group. There were no overt pathologies in either the liver or the intestine. 16S rRNA analysis of the cecal microbiome revealed no effects of benoxacor on α- or β-diversity; however, changes were observed in the abundance of certain bacteria. RNAseq analysis identified 163 hepatic genes affected by benoxacor exposure. Benoxacor exposure expressed a gene regulation profile similar to dichloroacetic acid and the fungicide sedaxane. Metabolomic analysis identified 9 serum and 15 liver metabolites that were affected by benoxacor exposure, changes that were not significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was not altered by benoxacor exposure. In vitro metabolism studies with liver microsomes and cytosol from male mice demonstrated that benoxacor is enantioselectively metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, carboxylesterases, and glutathione S-transferases. These findings suggest that the minor toxic effects of benoxacor may be due to its rapid metabolism to toxic metabolites, such as dichloroacetic acid. This result challenges the assumption that inert ingredients of pesticide formulations are safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Simonsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Nicole Cady
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Rachel L Shrode
- Department of Informatics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Michael L McCormick
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Michael S Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Ashutosh Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Balarastaghi S, Yazdian-Robati R, Vahdati Hasani F, Hosseinzadeh H, Abnous K, Imenshahidi M, Mohammadzadeh L, Birner-Gruenberger R, Razavi BM. Protective Effect of Crocin on Malathion-induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats: A Biochemical, Histopathological and Proteomics Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:156-172. [PMID: 34567153 PMCID: PMC8457713 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.111836.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the protective effect of crocin on malathion (MTN) induced cardiotoxicity in rats in subacute exposure was evaluated. Rats were divided into 6 groups; control (normal saline); MTN (100 mg/kg); MTN + crocin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) and MTN + vitamin E 200 IU/kg. Treatments were continued for two weeks. Creatine phosphokinase MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated in heart tissue at the end of treatments. The effect of crocin and MTN on histopathological changes in rat cardiac tissue was also investigated. The alteration of protein profile in the heart of the animals exposed to MTN was evaluated by proteomic approach through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) software. MTN induced histopathological damages and elevated the level of cardiac marker CK-MB (P < 0.01). The level of MDA increased and the level of GSH reduced (P < 0.001). MDA levels were reduced in all crocin plus MTN groups (P < 0.001) and vitamin E plus MTN (P < 0.001) groups as compared to MTN groups. However, in the crocin (10 mg/kg) + MTN group, the content of GSH compared to MTN treated rats increased (P < 0.001). Protein abundance analysis identified proteins implicated in cardiac necrosis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, cellular energy homeostasis, arrhythmias, heart development, heart failure and cardiovascular homeostasis to be affected by MTN. In summary, MTN may induce damage in the heart tissue of rats following subacute exposure and crocin, as an antioxidant, showed protective effects against MTN cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Balarastaghi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vahdati Hasani
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Mohammadzadeh
- Food and Drug Control Laboratory, Food and Drug Vice Presidency, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Institute of Pathology, Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xia Y, Wang X, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Wu H, Bao X, Gu Y, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Wu Q, Niu K, Zhao Y. Daily tea drinking is not associated with newly diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults: the Tianjin chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and health cohort study. Nutr J 2019; 18:71. [PMID: 31711498 PMCID: PMC6849323 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that tea extract supplementation has potential benefits on the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, no study has investigated the direct effect of daily tea consumption on the prevalence of NAFLD in the general population. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the associations between tea consumption and the prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD among Chinese adults. Methods The present cross-sectional study was based on the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. In total, 19,350 participants were enrolled in the analyses. Tea consumption was assessed via a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. NAFLD was diagnosed via liver ultrasonography and no history of heavy alcohol intake. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between tea consumption and the prevalence of NAFLD. Results Consumption of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea were positively associated with the prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD before adjustments. Compared with the participants who never drink tea, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of newly diagnosed NAFLD in the highest categories (≥ 1 cup/day) of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and jasmine tea were 1.48 (1.33, 1.65), 1.50 (1.33, 1.68), and 1.28 (1.13, 1.46), and 1.36 (1.20, 1.54) before adjustments, respectively. However, no significant association was found between tea consumption and the prevalence of NAFLD after adjusting for socio-demographic, behavioural, anthropometric, dietary, and clinical confounding factors. Conclusion There is no significant association between daily tea drinking and newly-diagnosed NAFLD in general Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunmin Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qijun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, Tianjin, China. .,Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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da Luz Abreu E, Savall ASP, Boneberg AA, Martins BB, Gervini VC, Sampaio TB, Fajardo AR, Paroul N, Roos DH, Pinton S. (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one attenuates hyperglycemia, increased hepatic glycogen content and hepatic damage induced by malathion acute exposure in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:61. [PMID: 31516541 PMCID: PMC6727524 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus pesticides (OP's) are heavily constituted in agriculture, gardens, home and veterinary and although it is useful, there are concerns about the environment, safety and health of human and animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of a new oxime, (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one (OXIME) against the alterations induced by malathion, an OP insecticide, acute exposure on markers of hepatic damage, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress in rats cholinesterase (ChE) activity in rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control; Malathion; OXIME; and Malathion+OXIME. Twelve hours after co-treatment with malathion (250 mg/kg, i.p.) and/or OXIME (50 mg/kg, i.g.), the plasma and liver samples were collected for biochemical analyses. RESULTS The OXIME blocked the increase of plasma markers of hepatic function (AST and ALP) and the enzymatic inhibition of catalase and glutathione reductase in the liver of malathion-treated rats. Moreover, the hepatic cholinesterases inhibition induced by malathion acute exposure was suppressed by OXIME treatment. As assessed, a single dose of OXIME lowered the glycemia levels and hepatic glycogen content enhanced by malathion. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests promise effects of (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino) indolin-2-one against the hyperglycemia and the hepatic damage induced by malathion acute exposure, as well as its use as a ChE activity reactivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina da Luz Abreu
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Anne Suély Pinto Savall
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Allyson Ardais Boneberg
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Bianca Barreto Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96201-900 Brazil
| | | | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha – Campus Santo Ângelo, Santo Ângelo, RS CEP 98806-700 Brazil
| | - André Ricardo Fajardo
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) - Campus Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS CEP 96010-900 Brazil
| | - Natália Paroul
- Universidade Regional Integrada (URI), Campus Erechim, Erechim, RS CEP 99709-910 Brazil
| | - Daniel Henrique Roos
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
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Mohammadzadeh L, Abnous K, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Crocin-protected malathion-induced spatial memory deficits by inhibiting TAU protein hyperphosphorylation and antiapoptotic effects. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 23:221-236. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1492772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mohammadzadeh L, Hosseinzadeh H, Abnous K, Razavi BM. Neuroprotective potential of crocin against malathion-induced motor deficit and neurochemical alterations in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4904-4914. [PMID: 29204935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In several epidemiological studies, an association between pesticide exposure and the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported. Increasing evidence showed that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. The present study investigated the preventive effect of crocin, saffron active components, on malathion (an organophosphate pesticide (OP))-induced Parkinson-like behaviors in rat. Rats were divided into eight groups: control (normal saline), malathion (100 mg/kg/day, i.p), crocin (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/day, i.p) plus malathion, levodopa (10 mg/kg/day, i.p) plus malathion, crocin (40 mg/kg/day, i.p), and PEG (vehicle of levodopa) groups. Treatments were continued for 28 days. The neurobehavioral tests which include open field, rotarod and catalepsy were performed on day 28. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), TNF-α, and IL-6 in striatum at the end of treatments were evaluated. Results showed that malathion induced neurobehavioral impairments together with elevation of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 levels, reduction of GSH, and AChE activity. Crocin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) improved neurobehavioral impairments induced by malathion but not AChE activity. Crocin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) or levodopa plus malathion decreased MDA and increased GSH. Also crocin (10 mg/kg) decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in striatum. In summary, subchronic malathion exposure induced Parkinson-like behavior in rat. Crocin exhibited protective effects against malathion-induced Parkinson-like behavior through reducing lipid peroxidation, improvement of motor deficit and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yilmaz M, Rencuzogullari E, Canli M. Investigations on the effects of etoxazole in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19635-19639. [PMID: 28681301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used to protect crops and to eliminate pests, though non-target organisms such as mammals are also affected from their usage. Etoxazole (organoflourine pesticide) is an acaricide used to combat spider mites which are the parasites of various crops. The present study aims to investigate the effects of etoxazole on the level of MDA (malondialdehyde) and activities of CAT (catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and AChE (acetylcholinesterase) in liver and kidney tissues of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus var. albinos). Rats received etoxazole intraperitoneally with doses of 2.2, 11, and 22 mg/kg b.w./day for 21 days. Control rats received the same volume of the serum physiologic. Following etoxazole exposures, activities of CAT, GPx, and AChE in the liver and kidney of rats significantly decreased at all doses compared to control group. Oppositely, MDA levels in these tissues increased significantly at all doses following etoxazole exposures. The present study demonstrated that etoxazole, at all doses, had toxic effects in the liver and kidney parameters, suggesting their possible use as effective biomarkers in determining the toxic effects of etoxazole. This may suggest that these biomarkers could also be used as a tool to monitor pesticide-affected areas before severe toxic effects begin in non-target animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yilmaz
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Eyyup Rencuzogullari
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Biology, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Canli
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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Nurain IO, Bewaji CO. Effects of Aqueous Bark Extracts of Khaya grandifoliola and Enantia chlorantha on Some Biochemical Parameters in Swiss Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/arakmu.11.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Brinati A, Oliveira JM, Oliveira VS, Barros MS, Carvalho BM, Oliveira LS, Queiroz MEL, Matta SLP, Freitas MB. Low, Chronic Exposure to Endosulfan Induces Bioaccumulation and Decreased Carcass Total Fatty Acids in Neotropical Fruit Bats. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:626-631. [PMID: 27592102 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the insecticide endosulfan on energy metabolism and its possible accumulation in fruit bats. Adult male bats (Artibeus lituratus) were exposed for 35 days, when they were offered fruit treated with endosulfan (E) and adhesive spreader (AS) in the following concentrations (g/L): 0.0; 0.0 (Control), 0.0; 0.015 (AS), 1.05; 0.015 (E1), 2.1; 0.015 (E2). Concentrations used were those recommended by the manufacturer for fruit crop application (E1) or twice this value (E2). E1 bats showed decreased plasma glucose concentration. Carcass fatty acids were decreased in E1 and E2 bats. Endosulfan bioaccumulation was observed in both liver and adipose tissues from E1 and E2 bats. These results indicate that the chronic exposure of fruit bats to environmentally relevant concentrations of endosulfan can lead to significant bioaccumulation beyond control and also decreased fatty acid content, which may impair the health of this important seed disperser in neotropical forests.
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Aktop S, Emekli-Alturfan E, Gönül O, Göçmen G, Garip H, Yarat A, Göker K. Effect of Ankaferd Blood Stopper on Skin Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities in Warfarin-Treated Rats. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 23:168-174. [PMID: 26354714 DOI: 10.1177/1076029615604049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a new promising local hemostatic agent, and its mechanism on hemostasis has been shown by many studies. However, the effects of ABS on skin superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities have not been investigated before. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this new generation local hemostatic agent on warfarin-treated rats focusing on its the antioxidant potential in short-term soft tissue healing. METHODS Twelve systemically warfarin treated (warfarin group) and 12 none treated Wistar Albino rats (control group) were selected for the trial. Rats in the warfarin group were treated intraperitonally with 0.1 mg/kg warfarin, and rats in the control group were given 1 mL/kg saline 3 days earlier to surgical procedure and continued until killing. All rats had incisions on dorsal dermal tissue, which was applied ABS or no hemostatic agent before suturing. Six of each group were killed on day 4, and the other 6 were killed on day 8. Blood and skin samples were taken. Prothrombin time (PT) in blood samples, CAT, and SOD activities in skin samples were determined. RESULTS Warfarin treatment dose was found to be convenient and warfarin treatment increased the PT levels as expected. Warfarin treatment decreased CAT activity significantly compared to the control group. The ABS treatment significantly increased SOD activities in the warfarin group at the end of the eighth day. CONCLUSION Ankaferd Blood Stopper acted positively in short-term tissue healing by increasing SOD activity in warfarin-treated rats. Therefore, ABS may be suggeted as a promoting factor in tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Aktop
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Gönül
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Göçmen
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Garip
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Yarat
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kamil Göker
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Selmi S, Rtibi K, Grami D, Hajri A, Hosni K, Marzouki L, Sebai H. Antioxidant properties of Artemisia herba-alba and Eucalyptus camaldulensis essentials oils on malathion-induced reproductive damage in rat. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Malathion (M) is an organophosphorus pesticide of utmost concern because of its adverse effects on non-targeted organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Grami
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Azhar Hajri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Karim Hosni
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles
- Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP)
- Biotechpôle de Sidi Thabet
- Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
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12
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Flehi-Slim I, Chargui I, Boughattas S, El Mabrouk A, Belaïd-Nouira Y, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Haouas Z, Ben Cheikh H. Malathion-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats: biochemical and histopathological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17828-17838. [PMID: 26162445 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of organophosphorus pesticides in the environment constitutes an ecotoxicological hazard especially for humans and non-target animals. Hereby, we analyzed the toxic effects of malathion on the histological structure of liver and biochemical parameters in male rats. Three groups received daily different amounts of malathion: 1/1000, 1/100, and 1/10 LD50 for 30 days. The weights of treated rat's liver have increased. Analyzed tissues showed centrilobular and sinusoidal congestion, hepatocyte hypertrophy, cellular vacuolization, anucleated hepatocytes, depletion of organelles affecting the majority of cells, and presence of necrotic foci into the hepatic parenchyma. Histological sections of the liver showed important hepatocyte glycogen storage. We conclude that malathion stimulates the filing of glycogen in a dose-dependent manner. Biochemical parameters showed that alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels increased in the treated groups when the level of total protein decreased in intoxicated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Flehi-Slim
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unity of Genetic (02/UR/08-03), Avenue Ibnou Sina 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Issam Chargui
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unity of Genetic (02/UR/08-03), Avenue Ibnou Sina 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Boughattas
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unity of Genetic (02/UR/08-03), Avenue Ibnou Sina 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Aymen El Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unity of Genetic (02/UR/08-03), Avenue Ibnou Sina 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Belaïd-Nouira
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unity of Genetic (02/UR/08-03), Avenue Ibnou Sina 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fadwa Neffati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zohra Haouas
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unity of Genetic (02/UR/08-03), Avenue Ibnou Sina 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ben Cheikh
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unity of Genetic (02/UR/08-03), Avenue Ibnou Sina 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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García-García CR, Parrón T, Requena M, Alarcón R, Tsatsakis AM, Hernández AF. Occupational pesticide exposure and adverse health effects at the clinical, hematological and biochemical level. Life Sci 2015; 145:274-83. [PMID: 26475762 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although epidemiological studies have investigated associations between occupational pesticide exposures and different adverse health outcomes, they have rarely assessed individuals at two time-points of a same crop season with different pesticide use. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical symptoms, physical examination signs, hematological and clinical chemistry parameters were measured in 189 intensive agriculture workers and 91 healthy control subjects from Almeria coastline (Southeastern Spain) to evaluate potential effects of pesticide exposure. KEY FINDINGS Greenhouse workers showed an increased risk of ocular and skin signs relative to controls at the period of high pesticide exposure (OR: 4.80 and 2.87, respectively); however, no differences were observed for clinical symptoms. A greater risk for ECG changes (OR: 3.35) and altered spirometry (OR: 5.02) was found at the period of low exposure. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase was significantly decreased in greenhouse workers relative to controls in both periods. Assessment of hematological parameters revealed increased counts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and hemoglobin in greenhouse workers relative to controls, and also in the period of high versus low pesticide exposure. Changes in clinical chemistry parameters included decreased levels of glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase in greenhouse workers relative to controls; however, these parameters were raised in the period of high versus low pesticide exposure. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that chronic occupational exposure to pesticides of lower toxicity than former compounds under integrated production systems elicit mild toxic effects, particularly targeting the skin and eyes, as well as subtle subclinical (biochemical) changes of unknown long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tesifón Parrón
- Council of Health at Almeria Province, Almeria, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Mar Requena
- Department of Neuroscience and Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Raquel Alarcón
- Department of Neuroscience and Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain.
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14
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El-Sheikh ESA, Galal AAA. Toxic effects of sub-chronic exposure of male albino rats to emamectin benzoate and possible ameliorative role of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:1177-1188. [PMID: 25935540 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EB) is an avermectin insecticide used extensively in pest control on vegetable and field crops. Few studies have been done for evaluating adverse effects of EB. In the current study, we evaluated the toxic effects of EB on male rats and the possible ameliorative role of fennel essential oil (FEO). Thirty two male rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. All groups were treated orally with distilled water (control group), 0.5mlFEOkg(-1) BW (FEO group), 2.5mgEBkg(-1) BW (EB group), and 0.5mlFEOkg(-1) BW+2.5mgEBkg(-1) BW (FEO+EB group) for 28 days. The obtained results showed that EB treatment resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, body weight gain, RBC count, Hb concentration, % PCV, MCV and MCHC. Moreover, EB significantly decreased total leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte and platelet count but significantly increased granulocyte count. EB markedly decreased total protein, albumin, globulin, IgG and IgM concentrations with a significant increase in TNF-α secretion. EB had a negative impact on the liver as it significantly increased ALT, ALP, and MDA, while decreasing SOD activity. Regarding to the histopathological examination, EB treatment induced coagulative necrosis and blood vessels congestion of the liver in treated rats. Furthermore, it resulted in depletion and necrosis of the white pulp of the spleen in treated rats. The co-administration of FEO with EB, however, improved the majority of parameters studied, suggesting that FEO is an important substance in decreasing toxic effects of EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed A El-Sheikh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Azza A A Galal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Sharkia, Egypt
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15
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Selmi S, Jallouli M, Gharbi N, Marzouki L. Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Effects of Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) Essential Oils Against Malathion-Induced Oxidative Stress in Young Male Mice. J Med Food 2015; 18:1103-11. [PMID: 25835641 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed in the present study to investigate the hepato- and nephroprotective effects of Lavandula stoechas essential oils (LSEO) against malathion-induced oxidative stress in young male mice as well as the possible mechanism implicated in such protection. Animals were divided into eight groups of 12 each: Control, malathion (200 mg/kg b.w.); Various doses of LSEO (10, 30, and 50 mg/kg b.w.), malathion+various doses of LSEO. Malathion and LSEO were daily per orally (p.o.) administered by intragastric gavage during 30 days. We initially found that malathion treatment induced body weight gain decrease as well as a clear nephro- and hepatotoxicity as assessed by significant relative liver and kidney weight increase and related hemodynamic parameters deregulation. Malathion exposure of mice also induced a considerable perturbation of metabolic parameters. On the other hand, we showed that malathion administration was accompanied by an oxidative stress status assessed by an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels as well as a depletion of sulfhydril group content (-SH) and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and Fe-SOD in the kidney and liver. More importantly, LSEO treatment abolished all malathion-induced body gain loss, liver and kidney relative weight increase, hemodynamic and metabolic disorders, as well as hepatic and renal oxidative stress. In conclusion, our data suggest that LSEO exerted potential hepato- and nephroprotective effects against malathion-induced oxidative stress in mice. The beneficial effect of LSEO might be related, in part, to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimen Selmi
- 1 Laboratory of Metabolic and Endocrine Aggressions Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia .,2 Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Physiology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Manel Jallouli
- 1 Laboratory of Metabolic and Endocrine Aggressions Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- 1 Laboratory of Metabolic and Endocrine Aggressions Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- 2 Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Physiology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
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16
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Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H, Abnous K, Khoei A, Imenshahidi M. Protective effect of crocin against apoptosis induced by subchronic exposure of the rat vascular system to diazinon. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1237-45. [PMID: 27353299 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714554941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Research has suggested that natural antioxidant, crocin, an active ingredient of saffron, may protect against diazinon (DZN)-induced toxicity. Although increased production of lipid peroxidation by DZN in rat aorta has been shown previously, the effects of DZN on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in vascular system have not been evaluated. In this study, the effect of crocin on DZN-induced apoptosis in rat vascular system was investigated. The rats were divided into 7 groups: corn oil (control), DZN (15 mg/kg/day, gavage), crocin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) + DZN, vitamin E (200 IU/kg, i.p., 3 days a week) + DZN, and crocin (50 mg/kg/day, i.p.). The treatments were continued for 4 weeks. Levels of apoptotic (Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl2) were analyzed by Western blotting. Transcript levels of Bax and Bcl2 genes were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results showed DZN-induced apoptosis by activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 and by increasing the Bax/Bcl2 ratio (both protein and messenger RNA levels). Crocin and vitamin E inhibited apoptosis induced by DZN. In summary, subchronic exposure to DZN induced caspase-mediated apoptosis, and crocin reduced the toxic effects of DZN by inhibiting apoptosis in aortic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Khoei
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H, Abnous K, Imenshahidi M. Protective effect of crocin on diazinon induced vascular toxicity in subchronic exposure in rat aortaex-vivo. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37:378-83. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.866139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Hernández AF, Gil F, Lacasaña M, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Tsatsakis AM, Requena M, Parrón T, Alarcón R. Pesticide exposure and genetic variation in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes interact to induce biochemical liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:144-51. [PMID: 23688862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic activation of pesticides in the liver may result in highly reactive intermediates capable of impairing various cellular functions. Nevertheless, the knowledge about the effect of pesticide exposure on liver function is still limited. This study assessed whether exposure to pesticides elicits early biochemical changes in biomarkers of liver function and looked for potential gene-environmental interactions between pesticide exposure and polymorphisms of pesticide-metabolizing genes. A longitudinal study was conducted in farm-workers from Andalusia (South Spain), during two periods of the same crop season with different degree of pesticide exposure. Blood samples were taken for the measurement of serum and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities as well as for determining clinical chemistry parameters as biomarkers of liver function. Serum lipid levels were also measured as they may help to monitor the progress of toxic liver damage. A reduction in serum cholinesterase was associated with decreased levels of all clinical chemistry parameters studied except HDL-cholesterol. Conversely, a decreased erythrocyte cholinesterase (indicating long-term pesticide exposure) was associated with increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase and increased levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, but reduced levels of HDL-cholesterol. Changes in liver biomarkers were particularly associated with the PON155M/192R haplotype. The obtained results therefore support the hypothesis that pesticide exposure results in subtle biochemical liver toxicity and highlight the role of genetic polymorphisms in pesticide-metabolizing enzymes as biomarkers of susceptibility for developing adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, School of Medicine, Spain.
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19
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Amaral TS, Carvalho TF, Silva MC, Goulart LS, Barros MS, Picanço MC, Neves CA, Freitas MB. Metabolic and Histopathological Alterations in the Fruit-Eating BatArtibeus lituratusInduced by the Organophosphorous Pesticide Fenthion. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.3161/150811012x654420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Lu XT, Ma Y, Wang C, Zhang XF, Jin DQ, Huang CJ. Cytotoxicity and DNA damage of five organophosphorus pesticides mediated by oxidative stress in PC12 cells and protection by vitamin E. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2012; 47:445-454. [PMID: 22424070 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.663312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that pesticides could induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vivo and in vitro, and that oxidative stress may be an important factor involved. However, investigations comparing the capability of different organophosphorous (OP) compounds to induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress are limited. Hence, the aim of this paper was to access the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of five OPs or metabolites, Acephate (ACE), Methamidophos (MET), Chloramidophos (CHL), Malathion (MAT) and Malaoxon (MAO), and to clarify the role of oxidative stress, using PC12 cells. The results demonstrated that MET, MAT and MAO caused significant inhibition of cell viability and increased DNA damage in PC12 cells at 40 mg L(-1). MAO was more toxic than the other OPs. ACE, MET, MAT and MAO increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) at 20 mg L(-1) and 40 mg L(-1) to different degrees. Pre-treatment with vitamin E(600 μM)caused a significant attenuation in the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect; pre-treatment reversed subsequent OP-induced elevation of peroxidation products and the decline of anti-oxidant enzyme activities. These results indicate that oxidative damage is likely to be an initiating event that contributes to the OP-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian T Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Adham KG, Al-Eisa NA, Farhood MH. Impact of heavy metal pollution on the hemogram and serum biochemistry of the Libyan jird, Meriones libycus. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:1408-1415. [PMID: 21601906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The stress profiles of the hemogram and serum biochemistry were determined in the context of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni and Pb) exposure in the wild libyan jird, Meriones libycus, from one of Riyadh's polluted areas versus a reference site. Coupling the pronounced drop in platelets (PLT) (28%) and mean platelet volume (MPV) (17%) with the insignificant responses of other red blood cell indices, suggests bone marrow suppression that is characterized by thrombocytopenia as an initial abnormality. The species-specific stress leukogram for M. libycus is expressed by leukocytosis (66%), monocytosis (40%), lymphocytosis (23%) with eosinopenia (81%) and neutropenia (42%). Hyperglycemia (50%), hyper-low-density-lipoproteinemia (38%), hypocortisolism (85%) and hypotriglyceridemia (55%) depicted serum biochemistry profile. In polluted jirds, the elevated activities of pseudocholinesterase (PChE) and serum marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase ALT, aspartate aminotransferase AST and creatine kinase CK) strongly suggest functional damage of the liver and/or heart. A potential role of PChE in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism is implied in the joint rise of both indices and in the recognized relationship between PChE and lipid metabolites. While increased utilization in lipid metabolism and energy synthesis could rationalize the inhibition of the normal patterns of triglycerides and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the inhibited activities of LDH could additionally be attributed to its hormetic behavior towards low and high metal concentrations. The overall findings presented here documented the relevance of M. libycus in biomonitoring and predicting the risk imposed on human populations living in polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga G Adham
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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Ren R, Wang T, Jiang N, Liu T, Du Y, Li C, Zhang L, Fu F. Protective effects of Danshensu on liver injury induced by omethoate in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:510-4. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.514963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Rezg R, Mornagui B, Benahmed M, Gharsalla Chouchane S, Belhajhmida N, Abdeladhim M, Kamoun A, El-fazaa S, Gharbi N. Malathion exposure modulates hypothalamic gene expression and induces dyslipedemia in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1473-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Tchamadeu MC, Dzeufiet PDD, Nouga CCK, Azebaze AGB, Allard J, Girolami JP, Tack I, Kamtchouing P, Dimo T. Hypoglycaemic effects of Mammea africana (Guttiferae) in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:368-372. [PMID: 19879938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The stem bark of Mammea africana Sabine (Guttiferae) is used in African rain forest to treat various diseases, including diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether Mammea africana extract induced hypoglycaemic activity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested the effects of acute (5h) and sub-acute (21 days) oral administrations of the CH(2)Cl(2)-MeOH stem bark extract of Mammea africana (19-300 mg/kg body weight) on blood glucose levels of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats. The effects were compared with those of glibenclamide. RESULTS Acute administration reduced blood glucose in the diabetic rats only (33.87%, P<0.01). Sub-acute treatment for 21 days also reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rats (73.29%, P<0.01). A reduction or stabilization in total serum protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and alanine amino transferase levels was also observed. No effect was observed on body weight loss but food and water intakes were significantly reduced (P<0.01) in diabetic rats. The maximal anti-diabetic effect was obtained with the dose of 75 mg/kg and was more important than that of glibenclamide. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that extracts of Mammea africana exhibited a significant anti-hyperglycaemic activity and improved the metabolic alterations in STZ-diabetic rats. These results provide a rationale for the use of Mammea africana to treat diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Tchamadeu
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Kalender S, Uzun FG, Durak D, Demir F, Kalender Y. Malathion-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: The effects of vitamins C and E. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:633-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Malathion-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and the protective effect of vitamins C and E. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1903-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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